FLORA NEOMEXICANA

I : THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF NEW MEXICO

An Annotated Checklist to the Names of Vascular Plants,

with Synonymy and Bibliography

Downloadable Version
Updated April 2010

Kelly W. Allred

Range Science Herbarium

Department of Animal & Range Sciences
New Mexico State University
Las Cruces, New Mexico
 Text © Copyright 2010 by Kelly W. Allred
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the
written prior permission of the author.
Available for purchase at lulu.com
 Contents
Part I: Introduction
Overview....................................................................................... 1
The Natural Setting
Climate ................................................................................... 3
Geologic History .................................................................. 5
Soils ........................................................................................ 7
Ecoregions of New Mexico................................................ 8
Major Vegetation Types in New Mexico........................ 20
A Lexicon of Commonly Used Topographic and
Vegetative Terms ........................................................ 29
A Brief History of Botany in New Mexico, 1840-1915
“Mid-nineteenth-century Botanical Exploration in New
Mexico” by Carolyn Dickerman ............................... 33
“Botanists of the Mexican-United States Boundary
Survey” by Carolyn Dodson...................................... 42
Pacific Railroad Surveys 1853-1855................................. 52
E.O. Wooton ...................................................................... 53
Specialized Plant Data
Species of Special Concern ............................................... 55
Endemic Plants of New Mexico ...................................... 58
Exotic Plants in New Mexico........................................... 60
Noxious Weeds of New Mexico...................................... 65
State Plant Symbols............................................................ 66
Acknowledgments..................................................................... 67
Part II: The Annotated Checklist
Scope ........................................................................................... 70
Organization............................................................................... 70
Statistical Summary of the Flora ....................................omitted
The Flora
Ferns and Fern Allies......................................................... 73
Gymnosperms .................................................................... 82
Angiosperms
Dicotyledonous Plants ............................................... 86
Monocotyledonous Plants .......................................462
Part III: Reference Material
Literature Cited........................................................................556
Index to Families and Genera ...............................................604
 PART I: INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW

THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO covers a land area of 121,412 square miles
(314,433 square kilometers), and ranks as the 5th largest state in the United
States. Nearly square, it is 342 miles wide and 370 miles long (550 km × 595
km), and is about the same size as Poland and about half the size of France.
Lying roughly between latitudes of 31º–37ºN and longitudes of 103º–109ºW,
the Land of Enchantment sits on the southern border of the United States with
Mexico, and is surrounded by the states of Chihuahua (Mexico) and Arizona,
Utah, Colorado, Oklahoma, and Texas (United States). From these surrounding
states come the Rocky Mountains, the Great Plains, the Chihuahuan Desert, the
Mogollon Mountains, and the Colorado Plateau. In fact, all the major land
biomes of the world are found within the state, except arctic tundra and tropical
rainforest. The highest point in the state is Wheeler Peak in Taos County
(13,161 feet; 4,011 meters) and the lowest is Red Bluff Reservoir in Eddy
County (2,817 feet; 859 meters). Within the state one finds canyons, valleys,
floodplains, badlands, mesas and buttes, bajadas, eroded escarpments, volcanic
calderas, necks, lava fields, ash flows, hogbacks, dikes, cuestas, sand dunes,
bolsons, playas, alkali flats, Pleistocene lakebeds, karst sinkholes, and glaciated
landforms. Temperature extremes have ranged from –50ºF to +116ºF
throughout the state, and a swing of 25–30ºF in 24 hours at one place is not
uncommon. Average annual precipitation varies from less than 8 inches (200
mm) in the southern deserts to greater than 30 inches (760 mm) on the
northern alpine peaks. All of these factors yield a flora rich and diverse: thrilling
to live among, splendid to study, and beautiful to behold!

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2
 THE NATURAL SETTING

CLIMATE [From a narrative written by the State Climatologist and published by the National Climatic
Data Center. Available online at www.wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/NEWMEXICO.htm]

The topography of New Mexico consists mainly of high plateaus or mesas, with
numerous mountain ranges, canyons, valleys, and normally dry arroyos. Average
elevation is about 4,700 feet above sea level. The principal sources of moisture for the
scant rains and snows that fall on the State are the Pacific Ocean, 500 miles to the west,
and the Gulf of Mexico, 500 miles to the southeast. New Mexico has a mild, arid or
semiarid, continental climate characterized by light precipitation totals, abundant
sunshine, low relative humidity, and a relatively large annual and diurnal temperature
range. The highest mountains have climate characteristics common to the Rocky
Mountains.
Temperature. Mean annual temperatures range from 64°F in the extreme
southeast to 40°F or lower in high mountains and valleys of the north; elevation is a
greater factor in determining the temperature of any specific locality than its latitude.
This is shown by only a 3°F difference in mean temperature between stations at similar
elevations, one in the extreme northeast and the other in the extreme southwest;
however, at two stations only 15 miles apart, but differing in elevation by 4,700 feet, the
mean annual temperature are 61° and 45°F – a difference of 16°F or a little more than
3° decrease in temperature for each 1,000-foot increase in elevation.
During the summer months, individual daytime temperatures quite often exceed
100°F at elevations below 5,000 feet; but the average monthly maximum temperatures
during July, the warmest month, range from slightly above 90°F at lower elevations to
the upper 70s at high elevations.
Warmest days quite often occur in June before the thunderstorm season sets in;
during July and August, afternoon convective storms tend to decrease solar insolation,
lowering temperatures before they reach their potential daily high. The highest
temperatures of record in New Mexico are 116° at Orogrande on July 14, 1934, and at
Artesia on June 29, 1918. A preponderance of clear skies and low relative humidity
permit rapid cooling by radiation from the earth after sundown; consequently, nights are
usually comfortable in summer. The average range between daily high and low
temperatures is from 25° to 35°F.
In January, the coldest month, average daytime temperatures range from the middle
50s in the southern and central valleys to the middle 30s in the higher elevations of the
north. Minimum temperatures below freezing are common in all sections of the State
during the winter, but subzero temperatures are rare except in the mountains. The
lowest temperature recorded at regular observing

3
stations in the State was –50°F at Gavilan on February 1, 1951. An unofficial low
temperature of –57°F at Ciniza on January 13, 1963, was widely reported by the press.
The freeze-free season ranges from more than 200 days in the southern valleys to
less than 80 days in the northern mountains where some high mountain valleys have
freeze in summer months.
Precipitation. Average annual precipitation ranges from less than 10 inches over
much of the southern desert and the Rio Grande and San Juan Valleys to more than 20
inches at higher elevations in the State. A wide variation in annual totals is characteristic
of arid and semiarid climates as illustrated by annual extremes of 2.95 and 33.94 inches
at Carlsbad during a period of more than 71 years.
Summer rains fall almost entirely during brief, but frequently intense
thunderstorms. The general southeasterly circulation from the Gulf of Mexico brings
moisture for these storms into the State, and strong surface heating combined with
orographic lifting as the air moves over higher terrain causes air currents and
condensations. July and August are the rainiest months over most of the State, with
from 30 to 40 percent of the year’s total moisture falling at that time. The San Juan
Valley area is least affected by this summer circulation, receiving about 25 percent of its
annual rainfall during July and August. During the warmest 6 months of the year, May
through October, total precipitation averages from 60 percent of the annual total in the
Northwestern Plateau to 80 percent of the annual total in the eastern plains.
Winter precipitation is caused mainly by frontal activity associated with the general
movement of Pacific Ocean storms across the country from west to east. As these
storms move inland, much of the moisture is precipitated over the coastal and inland
mountains ranges of California, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah. Much of the remaining
moisture falls on the western slope of the Continental Divide and over northern and
high central mountain ranges. Winter is the driest season in New Mexico except for the
portion west of the Continental Divide. This dryness is most noticeable in the Central
Valley and on eastern slopes of the mountains.
Much of the winter precipitation falls as snow in the mountain areas, but it may
occur as either rain or snow in the valleys. Average annual snowfall ranges from about
3 inches at the Southern Desert and Southeastern Plains stations to well over 100 inches
at Northern Mountain stations. It may exceed 300 inches in the highest mountains of
the north.
Sunshine. Plentiful sunshine occurs in New Mexico, with from 75 to 80 percent
of the possible sunshine being received. In winter, this is particularly noticeable with
from 70 to 75 percent of the possible sunshine being received. It is not uncommon for
as much as 90 percent of the possible sunshine to occur in November and in some of
the spring months. The average number of hours of annual sunshine ranges from near
3,700 in the southwest to 2,800 in the north-central portions.

4
 Relative Humidity. Average relative humidities are lower in the valleys but higher
in the mountains because of the lower mountain temperatures. Relative humidity
ranges from an average of near 65 percent about sunrise to near 30 percent in mid-
afternoon; however, afternoon humidities in warmer months are often less than 20
percent and occasionally may go as low as 4 percent. The low relative humidities during
periods of extreme temperatures ease the effect of summer and winter temperatures.
Wind. Wind speeds over the State are usually moderate, although relatively strong
winds often accompany occasional frontal activity during late winter and spring months
and sometimes occur just in advance of thunderstorms. Frontal winds may exceed 30
mph for several hours and reach peak speeds of more than 50 mph. Spring is the windy
season. Blowing dust and serious soil erosion of unprotected fields may be a problem
during dry spells. Winds are generally stronger in the eastern plains than in other parts
of the State. Winds generally predominate from the southeast in summer and from the
west in winter, but local surface wind directions will vary greatly because of local
topography and mountain and valley breezes.
Evaporation. Potential evaporation in New Mexico is much greater than average
annual precipitation. Evaporation from a Class A pan ranges from near 56 inches in the
north-central mountains to more than 110 inches in southeastern valleys. During the
warm months, May through October, evaporation ranges from near 41 inches in the
north-central to 73 inches in the southeast portions of the State.
Drought. Periods of recent extreme meteorological drought, as defined by Palmer
Drought Index of –4.0 or lower, have been noted in the mid-1930s in the Northeastern
Plains and Central Highlands, in 1947 in the Central Highlands, in the 1950s throughout
the State, in 1963–64 in the Northern Mountains, in 1964 in the Southeastern Plains,
and in 1967 in the Northern Mountains. The largest general drought since 1930 was in
the 1950s.

GEOLOGIC HISTORY [Adapted from Budge 1979]

As with all the western states, the geology of New Mexico is complex and diverse, and
includes rocks from the Cambrian to the Quaternary, with sediments exposed
somewhere in the state representing all the periods between. The oldest rocks, from
Precambrian exposures in mountains along the eastern flanks of the Rio Grande, are
more than 1.5 billion years old, and the youngest rocks derive from volcanic eruptions
less than 1,500 years ago.
Paleozoic Era. The earliest known fossils in Mexico occur in Cambrian deposits
in the San Andres Mountains of Doña Ana County. Warm, shallow seas covered much
of New Mexico during the Ordovician, and invertebrate life forms proliferated; most of
these deposits have been lost by erosion, however. The Silurian and Devonian periods

5
were moist and muddy and were times of heavy erosion. The first land plants occurred
during the Devonian. Marine deposition continued through the Mississippian, when
thick fossilized limestone beds were deposited. Erosion of these limestone beds left a
karst topography with caves and sinkholes. At the beginning of the Pennsylvanian,
massive uplifts created the giant Uncompahgre Mountains north of present-day
Albuquerque, which shed large amounts of erosional debris into the surrounding seas.
These deposits became the source of our rich oil and gas resources in the Four Corners
and southeast regions. The Permian, at the end of the Paleozoic, saw the creation of the
Capitan and Goat Seep Reefs, leading to present-day Carlsbad Caverns and the rich
potash mining industry in the southeastern region.
Mesozoic Era. At the emergence of the Mesozoic, the seas had receded and
much of New Mexico was dry land, with rivers spreading erosional material across the
terrain. Dinosaurs dominated the landscape, reaching their peak during the Jurassic. By
the end of the Mesozoic, the seas had returned and New Mexico was the western
coastline of a vast epicontinental sea that covered most of central North America. Lush
vegetation existed in what is now the Four Corners area, and the rich coal-bearing
Fruitland Formation was laid down, which now rims the San Juan Basin. During the
Cretaceous, the seas retreated quickly from the state as the Laramide Uplift gave rise to
the Rocky Mountains. The Age of Dinosaurs came to a close and mammals began to
flourish.
Cenozoic Era. At the beginning of the Tertiary, the Laramide Uplift ground to an
end and New Mexico physiography was essentially in place, although the climate and
vegetation were different. Swamps covered the northeastern plains, adding to the coal
deposits already there. The Rio Grande Rift bisected the state, the uplift giving rise to a
line of mountains along the eastern edge of the rift – Sandias, Manzanos, San Andres,
and Sacramentos – and the down-faulting producing many valleys—the Rio Grande the
most prominent of them. Numerous volcanic explosions and intense activity occurred
in the western regions, and the Jemez Caldera, one of the largest calderas in the world,
was formed. Mount Taylor was built up over more than a million years of activity, and
the McCarty’s flow from it is one of the most voluminous and most recent volcanic
events in the world, occurring about A.D. 1300. Volcanic activity persisted to nearly the
present, and some of the youngest volcanoes, like Capulin Mountain, are nearly intact
today. Erosion and deposition continue today, as witnessed by the wind-blown dunes of
the White Sands.
Quaternary Glaciation and Vegetation. [Adapted from Dick-Peddie 1993] The
Pleistocene Epoch, at the end of the Tertiary Period, was a time of numerous glacial
advances (ice ages) and retreats (pluvial, or rainy, periods). This was accompanied by
corresponding shifts in temperature and precipitation. As the glaciers advanced
(descending southward or to lower elevations), temperatures decreased and precipitation

6
increased. Accordingly, vegetation zones were displaced in a delayed concert with the
shifts in climate. For example, it is estimated that vegetation zones were 3000-4000 feet
lower in elevation than where they are found today. During the Pleistocene, most of the
state was covered by elements of montane coniferous forest, such as Douglas fir,
southwestern white pine, white fir, or piñon. The Llano Estacado, an area now found in
grassland, formerly supported coniferous woodlands.
The highest mountains in New Mexico were repeatedly glaciated during the
Pleistocene, as evidenced by familiar landforms, such as cirques, horns, arêtes, and
moraines. These can be seen in the Sangre de Cristo, Latir, Taos, Truchas Peak, Santa
Fe, Mount Taylor, and Sierra Blanca ranges. The small cirques on Sierra Blanca
(Sacramento Mountains) represent the southernmost glaciation in the conterminous
United States.
About 18,000 years ago, grassland and desert vegetation were generally absent from
the state. Then began a series of climate changes that were to alter dramatically our
flora. Warmer and drier periods were followed by a distinct reduction in winter
precipitation. A series of warming-cooling-warming cycles continued to nearly the
present, the most prominent of which is sometimes known as the “Little Ice Age” at
about A.D. 1600, with a continuous trend to a warmer and drier climate since that time.
At one site in southern New Mexico, evidence from pack-rat middens document the
change from piñon-juniper woodland (17,000 years ago), to juniper-oak woodland
(10,000 years ago), to grassland (6000 years ago), and finally to desert scrub (4000 years
ago).

SOILS

The soil orders in New Mexico include Alfisols, Aridisol, Entisols, Inceptisols, and
Mollisols. Lava malpais and gypsum dunes are other soil materials of interest.
Alfisols have a yellowish or ochre-colored surface underlain by a moderately clay
rich subsoil. They tend to have a high base saturation and high water holding capacity
during the growing season, so they are heavily used in agriculture, but not without
compaction difficulties. They are widely distributed around the state in plains,
tablelands, and mountains.
Aridisols are extensive throughout the state, and occupy areas that receive too little
precipitation for dryland agriculture. If irrigated, however, many Aridisols are
agriculturally productive unless too salty. They generally lack adequate moisture for
mesophytic plant growth for long periods. Surface horizons are normally light in color,
low in organic matter, and have a soft consistency when dry. Non-irrigated vegetation is
mostly of xerophytic grasses and shrubs. Often, the soil surface is bare and consists of a

7
gravelly, desert pavement that is underlain by subsurface horizons that contain calcium
carbonate (caliche).
Entisols have little horizon development, either because they are too young or the
layers have been eroded away. They support plant growth, but do not display the same
degree of biological, chemical, or physical weathering as in the other soil orders. They
are young soils associated with erosion or sediments recently deposited by wind or
water and are not restricted to any climatic or vegetational zone. This order is
particularly common in the northwestern quadrant and along stream floodplains across
the state.
Inceptisols include soils more developed than Entisols but less developed than the
other soil orders. They do not occur in arid environments, which are occupied by
Aridisols and some Entisols, but are common on steep slopes in the forested mountains
of the state where the slow movement of soil downslope curtails horizon development.
Their unique properties include having water available for plant growth for more than
three months.
Mollisols are soils with thick, dark topsoil that generally formed under grasslands.
They are also very common in the mountains in New Mexico where grasses make up a
substantial amount of the understory. These are fertile soils with high water-holding
capacities.
Lava malpais are conspicuous around Mount Taylor, in the northern Tularosa
Basin near Carrizozo, and around Aden Crater south of Las Cruces. The lava substrate
has the ability in places to trap and retain moisture in joints and fractures. where soil has
accumulated, allowing for a more mesophytic vegetation than the surrounding terrain,
even though the lava surface may be exceptionally hot.
Gypsum dunes provide the spectacular scenery at White Sands National
Monument, west of Alamogordo. Because of the water-holding capacity of the sand, the
dune areas are more mesic than the surrounding areas, and support such plants as Rio
Grande cottonwood, yucca, skunkbush sumac, and fourwing saltbush.

ECOREGIONS OF NEW MEXICO [Adapted from Griffith et al. 2006]

New Mexico may be divided into seven ecoregions, which describe the interacting
patterns of the biota, geology, physiography, soils, land use, hydrology, and climate of
the state (Griffith et al. 2006). These ecoregions are an ideal setting in which to describe
the vascular flora of New Mexico, but one must keep in mind that they are not
vegetation classifications or plant community descriptions per se. In some cases,
ecoregions have been combined and labels have been altered for ease of discussion
regarding New Mexico regions.

8
9
 Colorado Plateau. Rugged tableland topography is typical of the Colorado
Plateau ecoregion, in New Mexico found mostly north of the San Juan River. Canyons,
mesas, and plateaus expose a long geologic history of rock formations. Precipitous side-
walls mark abrupt changes in local relief, often of 1000 to 2000 feet or more. The region
contains abundant woodlands of piñon-juniper and Gambel’s oak. However, the region
also has large low-lying areas containing saltbush-greasewood communities, sparsely
vegetated with mat saltbush, fourwing saltbush, greasewood, and shadscale, and a
variety of native grasses, such as alkali sacaton, galleta grass, poverty threeawn, sand
dropseed, and Indian ricegrass. This ecoregion is set apart from the larger Arizona/New
Mexico Plateau to the south.
Southern Rockies. The Southern Rockies are composed of high elevation, steep,
rugged mountains, and are found in the north-central part of the state. Although
coniferous forests cover much of the region, as in most of the mountainous regions in
the western United States, vegetation, as well as soil and land use, follows a pattern of
elevational banding. Variation in substrate (sedimentary, volcanic, metamorphic) give
rise to subtle differences in ecology and vegetation. The lowest elevations are generally
grass- or shrub-covered and heavily grazed. Low to middle elevations are also grazed
and covered by a variety of vegetation types including juniper-oak woodlands,
ponderosa pine, aspen, and Douglas-fir. Middle to high elevations are largely covered by
coniferous forests and have little grazing activity. The highest elevations have alpine
characteristics. Numerous perennial mountain streams with deciduous riparian
vegetation support coldwater fisheries and serve as wildlife corridors.
Alpine Zone. The Alpine Zone occurs on mountain tops above treeline, beginning
at about 11,000 to 11,500 feet in New Mexico. It includes alpine meadows as well as
steep, exposed rock, talus, and glaciated peaks. Annual precipitation ranges from 25 to
greater than 50 inches, falling mostly as snow. Vegetation includes low shrubs, cushion
plants, and wildflowers and sedges in wet meadows. The forest-tundra interface is
sparsely colonized by a stunted, deformed krummholz vegetation of Englemann spruce,
cork-bark fir, and sometimes bristlecone pine and snow willow. This ecoregion is snow-
free only 8 to 10 weeks annually. Snow cover is a major source of water for lower, drier
ecoregions.
Subalpine Forests. The Subalpine Forests ecoregion occurs just below the Alpine
Zone, generally at elevations of 9,000-11,500 feet. Stream water quality, water
availability, and aquatic biota are affected in places by carbonate substrates that are
soluble and nutrient rich. Some streams support the endemic Rio Grande cutthroat
trout. Soils from sedimentary parent material are generally finer-textured than those
found on crystalline or metamorphic substrates. Subalpine forests dominated by
Engelmann spruce and cork-bark fir are typical, often interspersed with aspen groves or

10
mountain meadows. Some Douglas-fir forests are at lower elevations. Forest blowdown,
insect outbreaks, fire, and avalanches affect the vegetation mosaic.
Mid-Elevation Forests. The Mid-Elevation Forests are found mostly in the 7,500 to
10,000 feet elevation range. Natural vegetation includes ponderosa pine, aspen,
Douglas-fir, limber pine, and Gambel’s oak. A diverse understory of shrubs, grasses,
and wildflowers occurs. This variety of food sources supports a diversity of bird and
mammal species, and abundant aquatic insects support a reproducing trout fishery.
Forest stands have become denser in many areas due to decades of fire suppression.
Land use includes wildlife habitat, livestock grazing, logging, mining, and recreation.
Foothill Woodlands and Shrublands. The Foothill Woodlands and Shrublands
ecoregion is the low elevation portion of the Southern Rockies, and extends from
southern Wyoming through Colorado and into New Mexico. In New Mexico, it is a
transition area from the higher elevation forests to drier and lower plains and plateaus.
Within the region, some flora and fauna species on the east side (Great Plains influence)
may differ from those found to the west (Great Basin influence). This semiarid region
has rolling to irregular terrain of hills, ridges, and footslopes, with elevations mostly
6,000 to 8,500 feet, and a variety of rock and soil types. In New Mexico, piñon-juniper
and oak woodlands are dominant.
Grassland Parks. The Grassland Parks ecoregion consists of high intermontane
valleys with sufficient water availability to support grasslands and wet meadows. In New
Mexico, the ecoregion is found in the Valle Grande/Valle San Antonio area in the
Jemez Mountains, in the Moreno Valley and Costilla-Comanche-Valle Vidal areas in the
Sangre de Cristo Mountains, and on top of Johnson Mesa near Raton. Bunchgrasses are
dominant, and include Parry’s oatgrass, Arizona fescue, Idaho fescue, Thurber fescue,
mountain muhly, bluebunch wheatgrass, needle-and-thread, Junegrass, and slender
wheatgrass. There are only a few trees or shrubs, and if present, they are widely
scattered and mature. Some springs and wetlands occur. Large elk herds are found in
the valley parklands
Arizona/New Mexico Plateau. The Arizona/New Mexico Plateau represents a
large transitional region between the drier shrublands and wooded higher relief
tablelands of the Colorado Plateau in the north and forested mountain ecoregions that
border the region on the northeast and south. Local relief in the region varies from a
few feet on plains and mesa tops to well over 1,000 feet along tableland side slopes. The
Continental Divide splits the region, but is not a prominent topographic feature. The
region extends across northern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and into Colorado
in the San Luis Valley. Gunnison prairie dogs are a keystone species in many of the
sagebrush ecosystems and their burrows provide habitat for other wildlife, including
burrowing owls, weasels, badgers, and a variety of snakes.

11
 Taos Plateau. The Taos Plateau is a region of mostly Pliocene basaltic lavas with
distinct cones of Pliocene composite volcanoes. This region has higher elevation
volcanic cones than the San Luis Hills in Colorado; several cones are over 9000 feet and
Ute Mountain is higher than 10,000 feet. The plateau surface has only minor dissection,
but the Rio Grande is confined to a deep canyon or gorge, 800 to 1,000 feet deep in
places. The ecoregion extends south to include the basalt-capped Black Mesa. Big
sagebrush and rabbitbrush species are common.
Rio Grande Floodplain. Once containing a perennially flowing, meandering, braided
river, the Rio Grande Floodplain ecoregion has undergone many human alterations to
its landscape and hydrology over the past 400 years. The once-shifting Rio Grande had
mosaics of riparian woodlands and shrublands along with a variety of wetland meadows,
ponds, and marshes. The gallery forest, or bosque, of cottonwood and willow with
understories of coyote willow, New Mexico olive, false indigo, and seepwillow
depended on this dynamic system. A long history of irrigation and drainage canals,
levees and jetty jacks, and upstream dams have altered river flows and narrowed and
straightened the stream channel. Conversion to cropland, orchards, small rural farms
and ranchos, and urban and suburban uses have also altered the region. Cottonwood
and willow, dependent on spring flooding, have been widely replaced by invasive
saltcedar and Russian olive.
Plains, Mesas, and Tablelands. Covering most of the northwestern quadrant of the
state, the Plains, Mesas, and Tablelands ecoregion contains a mix of desert scrub,
grassland, and piñon-juniper communities dispersed among a varied topography of
mesas, valleys, plateaus, and canyons. Northwestern portions in the San Juan and Chaco
drainages are characterized by shadscale, fourwing saltbush, Mormon tea, Indian
ricegrass, galleta, and blue grama. It is more arid, has generally lower elevations, and less
piñon-juniper than the tablelands to the south or east. Southern portions contain plains
of high relief, with common exposures of bedrock and Quaternary volcanic fields.
Saltbush species, alkali sacaton, sand dropseed, and mixed grama grasses are common.
Lava Malpais. Part of the much larger Zuni-Bandera volcanic field, the Lava
Malpais south of Grants covers some of the younger Holocene volcanic flows with the
least soil development. The youngest flow, called the McCartys flow, dates from about
3000 years ago. Different types of lava flows are found here, as well as lava tubes and
ice caves. Some unique flora and fauna not found in surrounding areas occur here, and
some species that are more widespread have made adaptations to survive in the
specialized habitats here. The lava substrate has the ability in places to trap and retain
moisture, allowing for a more mesophytic vegetation, such as stunted Douglas-fir and
ponderosa pine, to occur in some areas. The region is an important area for
understanding recent ecological successions, as well as longer term climatic changes.

12
 Plains of San Agustin. The Plains of San Agustin are mostly a topographically closed
basin, with some alluvial fans and piedmont slopes near the surrounding southwestern
mountains. Beach and lacustrine deposits mark various stages of Pleistocene Lake San
Agustin. Clay to fine-grained sand lake bed sediments, linear beach-ridge sand deposits,
and some sand sheets and dune sand deposits occur. The sandy areas are mostly
stabilized by grasses and low shrubs. Vegetation of alkali sacaton, fourwing saltbush,
and greasewood is found in the low areas. Some western wheatgrass, vine-mesquite,
areas of blue grama and sand dropseed occur. Higher elevation slopes have some piñon-
juniper savanna with an understory of blue grama, dropseeds, Indian ricegrass, and
bottlebrush squirreltail grasses. Livestock grazing is the predominant land use.
Albuquerque Basin. Part of one of the deeper physiographic basins of the Rio
Grande rift, the Albuquerque Basin ecoregion is lower in elevation, drier, and warmer
than surrounding ecoregions to the north, east, and west. The basin is filled with thick
sediments of mostly Quaternary and some Tertiary age, with a few areas of volcanic
rocks and lava-capped mesas. Extending from the La Bajada Escarpment on the north
to near Socorro in the south, the region contains some diverse features and transitional
characteristics. Unlike most of the Arizona/New Mexico Plateau ecoregion, which has
mesic soils, this ecoregion has a largely thermic soil temperature regime. There is a mix
of sand scrub and desert grassland vegetation. Native vegetation includes black grama,
sand dropseed, mesa dropseed, blue grama, galleta, sand sage, alkali sacaton, threeawns,
and scattered yucca. Juniper occurs primarily in the north. Urban and suburban land
uses are spreading. The Santa Fe Group aquifer, the drinking water source for
Albuquerque and most of the Middle Rio Grande Valley, has seen some groundwater
declines in recent years, along with increases in contaminants.
Arizona/New Mexico Mountains. The Arizona/New Mexico Mountains are
distinguished from neighboring mountainous ecoregions by their lower elevations and
associated vegetation indicative of drier, warmer environments, due in part to the
region’s more southerly location. Forests of spruce, fir, and Douglas-fir, common in the
Southern Rockies ecoregion to the north, are only found in limited areas at the highest
elevations in this region. Chaparral is common at lower elevations in some areas, piñon-
juniper and oak woodlands are found at lower and middle elevations, and the higher
elevations are mostly covered with open to dense ponderosa pine forests. These
mountains are the northern extent of some Mexican plant and animal species.
Surrounded by deserts or grasslands, these mountains in New Mexico can be considered
biogeographical islands.
Woodlands and Savannas. The Woodlands and Savannas ecoregion covers the lower
slopes of the Arizona/New Mexico Mountains, generally between 5500 to 7200 feet,
with densities of juniper, piñon, and oak varying according to aspect. At middle
elevations, dense thickets of shrubs such as desert ceanothus and mountain mahogany

13
form chaparral communities. Other areas are grassy and park-like with scattered trees. A
few small areas of ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or southwestern white pine occur at the
highest elevations. In the west, the Gila River and tributaries have many endemic
aquatic organisms including fish, amphibians, and insects. There are some species
differences among the communities of the Guadalupe and Sacramento mountains and
those more typical of the Gila region.
Montane Conifer Forests. The Montane Conifer Forests are found at elevations from
about 7000 to 9600 feet. Ponderosa pine and Gambel’s oak are common, along with
mountain mahogany, serviceberry, and often a dense understory. Douglas-fir,
southwestern white pine, and white fir occur in a few areas. Blue spruce may
occasionally be found in cool, moist canyons. The influence of the Sierra Madre flora is
seen mostly in the southern mountains and diminishes to the north. In the far south,
other oaks appear, such as silverleaf oak, netleaf oak, Arizona white oak, and Emory
oak. The summer rains are especially important for herbaceous plants. Current forests
have been shaped by fire and fire suppression. The region is geologically diverse with
volcanic, sedimentary, and some intrusive and crystalline rocks. Endemic Gila trout
occur in some of the region’s streams. Livestock grazing, logging, and recreation are the
primary land uses. Wildfire is an important feature influencing the forested ecosystems
in this region.
Subalpine Forests. Subalpine Forests occur at the higher elevations, generally above
9500 feet, with peak elevations are mostly above 10,000 feet. Although there are some
vegetational differences from mountain range to mountain range within these forests,
the major forest trees include Engelmann spruce, corkbark fir, blue spruce, white fir,
and aspen. Some Douglas-fir occurs at lower elevations, and there are small inclusions
of montane grassland.
Chihuahuan Deserts. This desert ecoregion extends from the Madrean
Archipelago in southeast Arizona to the Edwards Plateau in south-central Texas. It is
the northern portion of the southernmost desert in North America that extends more
than 500 miles south into Mexico. The physiography is generally a continuation of basin
and range ecoregions to the west and north, although the pattern of alternating
mountains and valleys is not as pronounced as it is elsewhere. The mountain ranges (sky
islands) are a geologic mix of Tertiary volcanic and intrusive granitic rocks, Paleozoic
sedimentary layers, and some Precambrian granitic plutonic rocks. Outside the major
river drainages, such as the Rio Grande and Pecos River, the landscape is largely
internally drained. Vegetative cover is predominantly desert grassland and arid
shrubland, except for high elevation islands of oak, juniper, and piñon pine woodland.
The extent of desert shrubland is increasing across lowlands and mountain foothills due
to gradual desertification caused in part by historical grazing pressure and continuing
droughts.

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 Chihuahuan Basins and Playas. The Chihuahuan Basins and Playas include alluvial
fans, internally drained basins, and river valleys mostly below 4500 feet. The major
Chihuahuan basins formed during Tertiary Basin and Range tectonism when the Earth’s
crust stretched and fault collapse resulted in sediment-filled basins. These low elevation
areas are some of the hottest and most arid habitats in the state. The playas and basin
floors have saline or alkaline soils and areas of salt flats, dunes, and windblown sand.
The typical desert shrubs and grasses, the dominant creosote bush, along with tarbush,
fourwing saltbush, acacias, gyp grama, and alkali sacaton, must withstand large seasonal
and diurnal ranges in temperature, low available moisture, and a high evapotranspiration
rate. Horse crippler and other cacti are common. Bitter Lake near Roswell is a
biologically significant wetland area. It has a high diversity of dragonflies and
damselflies, including the continent’s largest and smallest dragonfly species.
Chihuahuan Desert Grasslands. The Chihuahuan Desert Grasslands occur in areas of
fine-textured soils, such as silts and clays, that have a higher water retention capacity
than coarse-textured, rocky soil. The grasslands occur in areas of somewhat higher
annual precipitation (10 to 15 inches) than the Chihuahuan Basins and Playas, such as
elevated basins between mountain ranges, low mountain benches and plateau tops, and
north-facing mountain slopes. Grasslands were once more widespread, but heavy
grazing in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was unsustainable. Concurrent and
subsequent severe drought exacerbated the pressure on the grasslands, and desert and
woodland shrubs invaded where the grass cover became fragmented. Grasslands
continue to decline due to erosion, drought, and climatic change. Typical grasses are
black, blue, and sideoats grama, dropseeds, bush muhly, and tobosa, with scattered
creosote bush, yucca, and mesquite. At the interfaces among woodlands, grasslands, and
desert shrublands, we find ecotones where grasses and shrubs are common and
intermixed.
Low Mountains and Bajadas. The Low Mountains and Bajadas include several
disjunct hilly areas that have a mixed geology. The mountainous terrain has shallow soil,
exposed bedrock, and coarse rocky substrates. Alluvial fans of rubble, sand, and gravel
build at the base of the mountains and often coalesce to form bajadas. Vegetation
includes mostly desert shrubs, such as sotol, lechuguilla, yucca, ocotillo, lotebush,
tarbush, and pricklypear, with a sparse intervening cover of black grama and other
grasses. At higher elevations, there may be scattered one-seeded juniper and piñon pine.
Strips of gray oak, velvet ash, and little walnut etch the patterns of intermittent and
ephemeral drainages, and oaks may spread up north-facing slopes from the riparian
zones. The varied habitats provide cover for mule deer, bobcat, javelina, and
Montezuma quail.
Chihuahuan Montane Woodlands. The Chihuahuan Montane Woodlands ecoregion
comprises the higher elevation mountainous areas in the Chihuahuan Desert region,

15
generally above 5,000 or 6,000 feet. These include the Organ, Florida, San Andres, and
Oscura mountains in New Mexico. Increased precipitation in the mountains supports
woodland areas except on sunny, exposed slopes that may have grass and chaparral
only. Oaks, junipers, and piñon pine predominate on all these mountain ranges. At
lower elevations they occur in canyons and shaded hollows, and with increasing
elevation and moisture levels, form more dense woodlands. Coniferous forests are
limited in extent; some ponderosa pine, southwestern white pine, and relict Douglas-fir
grow at the highest elevations in a few areas. In these higher ranges, trees sometimes
grow with a grassy understory, or with a brush cover of bigtooth maple, madrone, little
walnut, oak chaparral, and grapevines. The higher mountainous areas are a major refuge
for larger ungulates, such as mule deer and desert bighorn sheep.
Rio Grande Floodplain. The Chihuahuan Desert portion of the Rio Grande
Floodplain is similar to the floodplain upstream that is part of the Arizona/New Mexico
Plateau ecoregion. Hydrology has been altered by upstream impoundments, by
Elephant Butte and Caballo reservoirs, and by channelization in this region. Annual
flooding of terraces and benches has been eliminated. Riparian woodlands and
shrublands have been greatly reduced and invasive salt cedar has expanded. Narrow
bands of cropland, orchards, vineyards, and small farms occur in portions of the desert
floodplain. The southern Rio Grande valley in New Mexico is still an important
wintering area for sandhill cranes, snow geese, and other migratory waterfowl. Urban
land uses are spreading in the Las Cruces and El Paso areas. Drought, aquifer
depletion, and agricultural irrigation create water supply concerns in Texas and Mexico.
White Sands. The gypsiferous dunes comprising the White Sands ecoregion west of
Alamogordo is one of the largest dune fields in the United States, and is the world’s
largest expanse of gypsum sand dunes. The gypsum was dissolved in runoff mostly
from the San Andres Mountains, carried into the Tularosa Basin, and then crystallized
in playa lake deposits. Fine white grains of gypsum are blown by the winds to form a
variety of dune types: dome-shaped, barchan, transverse, and parabolic. Several types of
small animals have evolved a white coloration to help camouflage them in the dunes. In
many areas, the dunes are mostly barren; interdune flats tend to be more vegetated.
Soaptree yucca, sand verbena, Mormon tea, skunkbush sumac, fourwing saltbush, gyp
moonpod, gyp grama, alkali sacaton, sandhill muhly, hoary rosemary mint, and a few
Rio Grande cottonwoods occur.
Lava Malpais. The Lava Malpais region includes three separate areas: the
impressively long Carrizozo Lava flow in the northern part of the Tularosa Basin, an
area of Quaternary lava in the Jornada del Muerto, and, in the south, the Aden-Afton
basalt flow. The Carrizozo lava, one of the younger volcanic features in New Mexico,
flowed from a small cinder cone or vent called Little Black Peak, located at the northern
end. Pahoehoe lava flows, collapse pits, lava tubes, and other volcanic features are

16
found here. Mixed shrubs and grasses are those of surrounding vegetation, taking
advantage of available moisture and warmer ground temperatures created by solar
absorption. As in other lava malpais, some species of rodents and reptiles found here
have developed abnormally dark coloration, called melanism, for camouflage against the
dark lava. Several species of bats occupy some of the intact lava tubes. The Jornada del
Muerto field formed where a small central volcano produced multiple lava flows. The
topography of the combined vent and surrounding lava flows forms a shield-type
volcano profile. Large lava tubes occur south of the central vent. These tubes were
mined for bat guano early in the century. Aden Crater on the Aden-Afton field is also a
well-preserved small shield volcano.
High Plains. Higher and drier than the Central Great Plains to the east, and in
contrast to the irregular, mostly grassland or grazing land of the Northwestern Great
Plains to the north, much of the High Plains is characterized by smooth to slightly
irregular plains with a high percentage of cropland. A mix of gramas and buffalograss is
the potential natural vegetation in this region as compared to mostly wheatgrass-
needlegrass assemblages to the north, Trans-Pecos shrub savanna to the south, and
tallgrass prairie to the east. The ecoregion includes the plains area of the Llano
Estacado. Thousands of playa lakes (seasonal depressional wetlands) occur in this area,
many serving as recharge areas for the important Ogallala Aquifer. These playa lakes are
also essential for waterfowl during their yearly migration along the Central Flyway of
North America. Oil and gas production occurs in parts of the region.
Canadian High Plains. Lying north of the Canadian River, this varied ecoregion is
composed of flat to broken plains, sand hills, and stabilized dunes. Soils are primarily
formed from sand, silt, and loam eolian sediments. Winters are more severe than the
high plains to the south, and the increased snow accumulation delays summer drought
conditions because snowmelt saturates the ground in the spring. Native grasses include
big sandreed, little bluestem, sand dropseed, sand bluestem, sideoats grama, blue grama,
buffalograss, switchgrass, Indiangrass, and western wheatgrass. Lesser prairie-chickens
use shin oak and sandsage prairie habitats, but are presently imperiled due to agricultural
practices as well as intensive grazing. Land use in the New Mexico portion is primarily
rangeland, although some areas have irrigated cropland using deep wells. In cultivated
areas, corn, winter wheat, and grain sorghum are the principal crops. Many areas that
had cropland decades ago have now reverted to rangeland.
Llano Estacado. The Llano Estacado (translated as “staked plain”) ecoregion, found
south of the Canadian River, is a level, mostly treeless, elevated plain surrounded by
escarpments on three sides. Geologically, the Llano Estacado began as an apron of
Miocene-Pliocene sediments (Ogallala Formation) eroded from the eastern Rocky
Mountains. Several caliche horizons developed in the Ogallala sediments, including a
hardened caprock caliche in the uppermost layer. The caprock was eventually covered

17
by Pleistocene wind-borne sand and silt, the Blackwater Draw Formation. The smooth
surface of the plain holds seasonal rainfall in numerous playas. The Llano Estacado was
once covered with shortgrass prairie, composed of buffalograss, blue and sideoats
grama, and little and silver bluestem. Bison were once prominent elements of a prairie
ecosystem that no longer functions as an interdependent web of bison, black-tailed
prairie dog, black-footed ferret, snake, ferruginous hawk, coyote, swift fox, deer,
pronghorn, mountain lion, and gray wolf. About 70-80% of the Llano Estacado in New
Mexico is presently tilled for agriculture. Farmers produce cotton, corn, and wheat
under dryland agriculture or irrigated with water pumped from the Ogallala Aquifer.
The capacity of the Ogallala Aquifer is limited, particularly under drought conditions.
Withdrawals from the aquifer usually exceed recharge. Parts of the sand plains and dune
fields of the Llano Estacado contain dense arrays of oil fields.
Southern portions of the Llano Estacado are drier than the main portion to the
north. The climate there is transitional to the arid Chihuahuan Desert region to the
southwest. The caliche layer may be closer to the surface in these southern regions of
the Llano Estacado, increasing the general droughty condition of the soil and making
tilled agriculture more difficult than elsewhere. The arid conditions are reflected in the
land use, which is dominated by livestock grazing. The shortgrass prairie of grama and
buffalo grasses is susceptible to overgrazing, and a broken grass cover allows the
invasion of shrubs such as mesquite and lotebush. Oil and gas production activities are
widespread.
Within the Llano Estacado are broad bands of vegetation characterized by shin
oak, mostly north of Portales and along the Mescalero Escarpment east of Roswell and
extending to the southeast corner of the state. This Shinnery Sands region includes sand
hills and dunes as well as flat sandy recharge areas. These sand beds lie at the western
edge of the High Plains where rising winds drop heavier sand grains and carry finer
material further east onto the flat expanse of the Llano Estacado. Havard (shin) oak
brush stabilizes sandy areas subject to wind erosion. Although the shin oak rarely grows
higher than 4 feet, its extensive root system can reach over 50 feet through dune sand to
reach water. The largest area of sand dunes, at the southwestern edge of the Llano
Estacado, is composed of sands blown out of the Pecos River Basin against the
Mescalero Escarpment of the Llano Estacado by prevailing southwesterly winds. These
dunes serve as a major recharge area for the Pecos River. While sandsage and prairie
grasses may create a continuous plant cover in portions of the Shinnery Sands, the
vegetative cover is vulnerable to overgrazing and subsequent wind blowouts which may
begin a cycle of dune formation. In dune areas, anchoring shrubs such as Havard shin
oak, fourwing saltbush, and yucca stabilize the dune sand for herbaceous grasses and
forbs such as sand verbenas, sunflowers, fringed sagewort, and hoary rosemary-mint.
Ephemeral ponds and swales between the dunes support rushes, sedges, and sandbar

18
willow. The Shinnery Sands are habitat for the lesser prairie-chicken and sand-dune
lizard, two species that are in serious decline. The shrubs offer cover and shade for
nesting prairie-chickens, and shin oak acorns are a staple food source.
Southwestern Tablelands. The Southwestern Tablelands flank the High Plains
on the east, the Chihuahuan Deserts on the south, and the Southern Rockies or the
Arizona/New Mexico Mountains on west. The eastern boundary represents a transition
from the more extensive cropland within the High Plains to the generally more rugged
and less arable land within the Southwestern Tablelands ecoregion. The natural
vegetation in this region is mostly blue grama-buffalograss, but extensive stands of
juniper-scrub or oak-grass savanna occur. False buffalograss occurs on degraded or
highly disturbed areas. Common shrubs are one-seed juniper, sand sagebrush,
skunkbush sumac, and yucca. Typical grasses include blue grama, buffalograss, sideoats
grama, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, galleta, and alkali sacaton. Prairie fires were
likely important in maintaining the grasslands and suppressing encroachment of shrub
and woody species. Pronghorn antelope is the most common large native mammal of
the region. Areas of Triassic mudstones and shales develop unproductive badlands, and
plant growth is sparse. Interesting basalt-capped mesas occur in the northeast corner of
the state near Black Mesa. Piñon-juniper woodlands and savannas are particularly well-
developed on thin soils weathered from limestone, sandstone, and shale. Southern
reaches of the tablelands intergrade with the Chihuahuan Deserts ecoregion, with a
corresponding mix of grasses and shrubs.
Pluvial Lake Basins. The Pluvial Lake Basins ecoregion includes the Estancia, Pinos
Wells, and Encino lake basins near the center of the state. Permanent lakes occupied
several large closed basins in New Mexico during the last ice age. Today, annual
evaporation is greater than the inflow to the basins from rainfall, runoff, and
groundwater discharge. Annual precipitation is only 12 to 13 inches. Natural vegetation
includes fourwing saltbush and alkali sacaton. The region was an historical trade route
for salt between Rio Grande pueblos and Plains tribes. Some agriculture and cropland
occurs today in the Estancia basin, irrigated by groundwater.
Madrean Archipelago. The Madrean Archipelago ecoregion is present in the
bootheel of Hidalgo County, and is characterized by basins and ranges with medium to
high local relief, typically 3000 to 5000 feet. Basins, valley plains, alluvial fans, and low
hills are generally similar to the surrounding Chihuahuan Desert, but with greater
precipitation, and is populated by sideoats grama, black grama, cane beardgrass, plains
lovegrass, blue grama, hairy grama, sand dropseed, vine mesquite, curly mesquite, long-
leaf ephedra, mimosa, yucca, ocotillo, cacti, and agave. Encroachment of honey
mesquite has been significant in some areas. At intermediate elevations, generally above
5000 feet, woodlands occur, with evergreen oaks (Emory, silverleaf, Toumey, and
Arizona), along with scattered piñon, juniper, mesquite, and chaparral species. This is

19
the only occurrence of Mexican piñon pine. Riparian areas of cottonwood, sycamore,
and willow are valuable to neotropical birds and other wildlife of the area. Above 7000
feet in the dry mountains are pine-oak and mixed conifer forests, including ponderosa
pine, various oaks, southwestern white pine, Apache pine, and Chihuahua pine. Some
have erroneously thought this region to be aligned with the Sonoran Desert, but that
ecoregion lies roughly 100 miles to the west in Arizona (somewhat closer along the Gila
River in southeastern Arizona). Floristically, it is intermediate between the Chihuahuan
and Sonoran deserts, and has been termed the Apachian Floristic Province, from the
word Apachería used for this region in Spanish colonial days.

MAJOR VEGETATION TYPES IN NEW MEXICO

It is often helpful to understand a bit about the assemblages of plant species that we
find surrounding us as we explore a forest or a desert or a prairie. These groupings of
plants occurring together in a particular region or site are termed vegetation types, and
are the combined result of biotic events such as plant migration and evolution, abiotic
events such as glaciation, flooding, and mountain building, and human activities such as
farming, mining, logging, and urban development. Vegetation types differ from
ecoregions in that they are based solely on aggregations of plants, but they often show
similar patterns to the ecoregions. The possible combinations of plants generally found
growing together in various regions of a state as diverse as New Mexico are almost
unlimited, yet certain plant assemblages are commonly encountered. An abbreviated
outline of the common vegetation types occurring in New Mexico is presented below.

A. RIPARIAN OR WETLAND VEGETATION: Associated with water

1. Plants growing in or on the water ......................................................................Aquatics
2. Xeric vegetation of intermittent or ephemeral water
a. Alkali-sinks and saline playas lacking drainage ..................................................Playa
b. Washes and arroyos with drainage .............................................................Dry Wash
3. Mesic vegetation of perennial streams or permanent still water
a. Dominated by cottonwood trees ........................................... Cottonwood Bosque
b. Dominated by saltcedar................................................................. Saltcedar Bosque
c. Dominated by other shrubby or herbaceous species
i. Mostly shrubs and small trees..................................................... Riparian Shrub
ii. Mostly herbs or mixed herbs and low shrubs........................................Wetland
B. TUNDRA: Herbaceous vegetation above tree line, including grasses ....Alpine Tundra
C. GRASSLANDS: Dominated by grasses and some forbs, with few shrubs or trees
1. Small grassy clearings in the mountains surrounded by forest, with brome or
muhly common ................................................................................Mountain Meadow
2. Expansive grasslands at high elevations, usually dominated by fescues.......................
......................................................................................Fescue or Subalpine Grassland
3. Plains and mesas dominated by blue grama ....... Blue-Grama or Plains Grassland

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 (with significant associations with buffalograss, bluestems, western wheatgrass,
and/or galleta)
4. Southern hot desert, with gramas, dropseeds, threeawns, and various other warm-
season grasses............................................................. Chihuahuan Desert Grassland
5. Northwestern cold desert, with Indian ricegrass, galleta, and various cool-season
grasses............................................................................Great Basin Desert Grassland
D. PIÑON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS: Piñon and/or juniper prominent
1. Sagebrush common ...................................... Sagebrush/ Piñon-Juniper Woodland
2. Oaks common ............................................................Oak/ Piñon-Juniper Woodland
3. Sagebrush and oaks uncommon or absent, dominated by piñon and juniper.............
.................................................................................................Piñon-Juniper Woodland
E. FORESTS: Dominated by large, single-trunked trees
1. Almost exclusively ponderosa pine ........................................ Ponderosa Pine Forest
2. Mostly Douglas fir, white fir, pine, spruce ...............................Mixed Conifer Forest
3. Mostly spruce and fir, at high elevations ............................................................................
.....................................................................Spruce/Fir or Subalpine Conifer Forest
4. Evergreen oaks common, with various pines or conifers
a. Mostly pines and evergreen oaks .................................................. Pine/Oak Forest
b. Mostly Douglas fir, white fir, various pines, & evergreen oaks ................................
........................................................................................Mixed Conifer/Oak Forest
F. SHRUBLANDS: Dominated by shrubs other than piñon or juniper, with grasses
infrequent or scattered
1. Northwestern cold desert, with sagebrush, saltbushes, and rabbitbrush......................
.......................................................................................Great Basin Desert Shrubland
2. Southern hot desert, with creosote, tarbush, or mesquite ...............................................
......................................................................................Chihuahuan Desert Shrubland
3. Areas of deep sand, almost always with sand sage ................. Sand Sage Shrubland
4. Dry mountain slopes, often with mountain mahogany .................. Mountain Brush
5. Low-elevation playas or flats, with four-wing saltbush or greasewood ........................
........................................................................................................... Saltbush Shrubland
G. ECOTONES: At the interfaces among woodlands, grasslands, and shrublands, with
grasses and shrubs both common and intermixed. These are transitional areas
between vegetation types. The two most common in New Mexico are listed below:
1. Juniper or piñon common, with various grasses.........................Woodland Ecotone
2. Creosote or mesquite common, with various grasses .......... Desert Shrub Ecotone

Aquatics. Aquatic plants are physiologically adapted to complete their life cycles
in water or permanently saturated soils. Habitats include lakes, ponds, streambanks,
marshes, irrigation canals, and stock tanks. Most of our aquatic plants fall into the
following broad (and not necessarily mutually exclusive) categories:
Free-floating Aquatics. These plants are entirely dependent upon water for their
structural support and may float on or beneath the water surface without rooting in the
substrate. Inflorescences may be submerged or floating upon the water. Examples
include species of Azolla, Ceratophyllum, Lemna, Salvinia, and Utricularia.

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 Submergent Aquatics. These are rooted plants that are nonetheless dependent on
water for their structural support. The plant body may be completely submerged or
submerged two-thirds or more below the water surface, often with foliage floating on
the water. Examples include species of Callitriche, Elodea, Heteranthera, Marsilea,
Myriophyllum, Najas, Nymphaea, Polygonum amphibium, Potamogeton, Ranunculus aquatilis, and
Zannichellia.
Emergent Aquatics. These plants are rooted in the substrate and are not dependent
upon the water for structural support. The plant body is emergent from the water two-
thirds or more above the water surface. Many of these plants will also occur in wetland
vegetation. Examples include species of Alisma, Beckmannia, Berula, Carex, Cicuta,
Cladium, Cyperus, Eleocharis, Epilobium ciliatum, Equisetum, species of Juncus, Leersia,
Lythrum, Paspalum distichum, Phragmites, Sagittaria, Schoenoplectus, Triglochin, Typha, Veronica
anagallis-aquatica, and many others.
Playa. Alkali sinks and saline playas have water that stands for long periods of
time, preventing the growth of perennial plants because of the accumulation of salts.
Vegetation is often arrayed in a zonal pattern, with salt-adapted species toward the
center and less adapted species outward. Common shrubs include Allenrolfea occidentalis,
Pseudoclappia arenaria, and Suaeda nigra. Surrounding the sink will be bands of Distichlis
spicata or Eragrostis obtusiflora in the bootheel region, with the forbs Frankenia jamesii,
Heliotropium curassivacum, Limonium limbatum, and Salicornia rubra. Less saline areas will
support Hymenoxys odorata and Sporobolus airoides. Tamarix chinensis is a common invader,
sometimes completely replacing the native vegetation.
Dry Wash. When ephemeral drainages dissect bajadas and plains, we find washes,
arroyos, dry stream beds, gullies, gulches, and the like with plants of a more mesic
nature than the surrounding habitats. Water is present only intermittently, and the
drainages stand dry much of the time. Typical plants of these habitats include Ambrosia
monogyra, Atriplex canescens, Brickellia laciniata, Celtis reticulata, Ericameria nauseosa, Fallugia
paradoxa, Prosopis glandulosa, Sarcobatus vermiculatus, and Tamarix chinensis.
Cottonwood Bosque. Floodplains along perennial streams, rivers, and lakes are
often dominated by species of cottonwood. These sometimes large gallery forests,
termed bosques in the southwest, have diminished greatly from human influences, such
as flood control, logging for construction, and land-clearing for farming, but large
bosques can still be found along the Rio Grande and Pecos River. Typical plants of
cottonwood bosques include Juglans, Populus, Salix gooddingii, and Sapindus.
Saltcedar Bosque. [Adapted from Allred 2002] Species of the genus Tamarix, variously
known as saltcedar, tamarisk, or tamarix, first came to the American southwest in the
mid- to late 1800s as an ornamental, being promoted as such by nurserymen, and later
as an erosion-control plant. It had been brought from the Old World to the eastern
United States in the early 1800s, being offered for sale in New York City in 1828. From

22
this modest beginning it spread through the United States via the nursery trade,
appearing in catalogs in California in 1854 and in the Department of Agriculture
Arboretum stock listings in the 1870s. It probably began its escape from cultivation in
the 1870s.
The earliest documented occurrence of Tamarix in New Mexico is from 1892, when
a specimen of T. gallica was gathered from Mesilla. Additional reports of its occurrence
followed, the plants undoubtedly planted as ornamentals or for erosion-control. We
find saltcedar from Nara Visa in 1911 and from Hope in 1917. Tamarix chinensis appears
in the herbarium record in 1932, and T. parviflora in 1936.
This “wolf in sheep’s clothing” was touted as a desirable ornamental plant for New
Mexico: “One of the most satisfactory introduced plants in cultivation in this State is
this shrub, which is also known by the name of tamarisk. … It will endure large
quantities of alkali in the soil, and is exceedingly drought resistant. … It is most easily
propagated from cuttings, and when once established it is almost impossible to kill it. As a plant
to be used upon alkaline soils where other plants do poorly or in situations where too
little water is available, there is no other plant which is quite so satisfactory” (Wooton
1913, p. 124, italic added).
The aggressive spread of Tamarix in New Mexico and the southwest is illustrated
by its occurrence in the Pecos River valley. A few adventive seedlings were found at
Lake McMillan in 1912; by 1915 the shrub covered 600 acres and was expanding up and
down the water course. It had stretched to 12,300 acres by 1925, and to 57,000 acres by
1960. It now infests the entire Pecos River valley from its junction at the Rio Grande
northward to beyond Santa Rosa. A similar story can be told for nearly every major
drainage in New Mexico.
Fully developed stands of saltcedar are essentially monocultures, without significant
accessory plant species.
Riparian Shrub. This is the most extensive riparian type in the state, mostly
occurring in the mountains, lower foothills, and higher elevation tablelands where
permanent streams and rivers drain the mountain masses. Dominant plants are the
following trees and shrubs: species of Acer, Alnus, Betula, Cornus, Fraxinus, Juglans, Picea,
Populus, and Salix.
Wetland. Wetlands accompany and intergrade with truly aquatic environments,
and many plant species occur in both types of vegetation. Habitats includes marshes,
sloughs, wet meadows, and floodplains. This vegetation type is restricted to those
environments generally without dominant trees and shrubs, comprised mostly of
herbaceous forbs and grasses. Typical plants include species of Alopecurus, Anemopsis,
Berula, Carex, Flaveria, Glyceria, Juncus, Lythrum, Polypogon, Schoenoplectus, Spartina, Typha,
and Veronica.

23
 Alpine Tundra. Generally above 11,500 feet, at the tops of only a few of our
mountains and above timberline, one finds alpine tundra vegetation. No trees or shrubs
exist here, only hardy forbs, sedges, and grasses, and an uncommon dwarf willow or
two. Typical plants include Carex rupestris, Elymus bakeri, Festuca minutiflora, Geum rossii,
Kobresia myosuroides, Potentilla sierrae-blancae, Salix nivalis, and Sibbaldia procumbens. Rivulets
and boggy areas may contain species of Agrostis, Carex, Deschampsia, and Glyceria.
Descending the slopes, there may be a transition zone of krummholz vegetation:
dwarfed, stunted trees shaped by wind, snow, and ice, and mostly composed of Abies
arizonica, Picea engelmannii, Pinus aristata, and Salix arctica.
Mountain Meadow. These are the familiar small meadows at mid-elevations in
the mountains, perfect for an afternoon picnic, and often in the midst of aspen glades
or clearings among Douglas-fir. Suffering from past heavy grazing, they have often been
restored by the introduction of exotic pasture grasses such as Bromus inermis, Dactylis
glomerata, Elymus hispidus, Eragrostis curvula, Festuca arundinacea, Phleum pratense, and Poa
pratensis. Native grasses include Achnatherum robustum, Blepharoneuron, Bromus carinatus,
Bromus ciliatus, Elymus trachycaulus, and Koeleria macrantha. Various species of forbs will
abound, mixed with shrubs such as Holodiscus, Ribes, and Sambucus.
Fescue or Subalpine Grassland. Expansive slopes at high elevations in our
mountains may be covered with a dense grassland, dominated by species of Festuca and
surrounded by quaking aspen and various conifers such as Picea, Pseudotsuga, and Pinus.
These subalpine grasslands are generally found at elevations above 9000 feet and up to
11,500 feet. Common grasses include the fescues Festuca arizonica, Festuca calligera, Festuca
saximontana, and Festuca thurberi, as well as Bromus ciliatus, Danthonia parryi, Deschampsia
cespitosa, Koeleria macrantha, Muhlenbergia montana, Poa fendleriana, and Poa pratensis.
Important forbs include Achillea millifolium, Allium cernuum, Campanula rotundifolia,
Cerastium arvense, Geranium caespitosum, Hymenoxys hoopesii, Packera neomexicana, Pteridium
aquilinum, Taraxacum officinale, and Vicia americana.
Blue-Grama or Plains Grassland. This is the largest and most extensive
grassland type in New Mexico, occurring in many different habitats and with numerous
co-dominants and associated species. Generally dominated by Bouteloua gracilis, and to a
lesser extent Bouteloua dactyloides (Buchloe dactyloides), it extends throughout much of the
central and eastern plains. At its upper elevations, where it meets mountain foothills, it
merges with piñon-juniper woodland; at its lower elevations, generally adjoining the
Chihuahuan Desert, it merges with desert grassland or desert shrubland. Common grass
associates include Aristida purpurea, Bothriochloa laguroides, Bouteloua curtipendula, Bouteloua
hirsuta, Chloris verticillata, Elymus smithii (in the swales and low spots), Muhlenbergia torreyi
and Munroa squarrosa where disturbed, Pleuraphis jamesii, Schedonnardus paniculatus, and
Sporobolus cryptandrus. Frequent forbs include species of Astragalus, Dalea purpurea,
Grindelia squarrosa, Ipomoea leptophylla, Psoralidium tenuiflorum, Ratibida columnifera, Sphaeralcea

24
coccinea, and Zinnia grandiflora. Associated woody plants include Artemisia frigida, Atriplex
canescens, Cylindropuntia imbricata, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Prosopis glandulosa, and Yucca glauca.
Because of its vast size and variability, there are noteworthy communities where blue
grama is sparse or even absent, but that are included within this broad category. On the
sandy sites on the eastern plains, we have prairie pockets of Schizachyrium scoparium and
Bouteloua curtipendula, often with the taller grasses Andropogon gerardii, Panicum virgatum, and
Sorghastrum nutans on the more moist sites.
Chihuahuan Desert Grassland. This vegetation type refers to the true,
remaining grassland of the Chihuahuan Desert, dominated by Bouteloua eriopoda and
other warm-season grasses, numerous forbs, but with few or scattered shrubs. Formerly
wide-ranging, the Chihuahuan Desert grassland has been reduced dramatically, being
over-run by shrubs from the desert shrubland (Larrea tridentata, Prosopis glandulosa) and
piñon-juniper woodland (Pinus edulis, Juniperus), and much of its area is now occupied by
desert shrub or woodland ecotones. The causes of its demise are complex and
contentious, but certainly include grazing, drought, the presence of fire, and human
disturbance. Noteworthy expanses of Chihuahuan Desert grassland may still be found
on the Otero Mesa and environs (Otero County), and on the plains east of Elephant
Butte Reservoir (Sierra County). Common grass associates of Bouteloua eriopoda include
Aristida purpurea, Bothriochloa barbinodis, Bouteloua curtipendula, Setaria leucopila, Sporobolus
flexuosus, and Sporobolus nealleyi (on gypsum). Low, poorly drained swales and plains,
commonly termed tobosa flats, are dominated by Muhlenbergia arenacea, Pleuraphis mutica,
and Scleropogon brevifolius. Common shrubs (though infrequent in the true grassland)
include Acacia constricta, Atriplex canescens, Ephedra trifurca, Flourensia cernua, Gutierrezia
microcephala, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Larrea tridentata, Lycium pallidum, Prosopis glandulosa, Rhus
microphylla, and Yucca elata. Large, noticeable cacti include Cylindropuntia imbricata, Opuntia
phaeacantha, and Opuntia engelmannii.
Great Basin Desert Grassland. In the northwestern portion of the state, one
finds sparse grasslands with predominately cool-season grasses, especially Achnatherum
hymenoides, Bromus tectorum (a weedy exotic), Distichlis spicata in wetlands, Elymus smithii,
Pleuraphis jamesii, and Sporobolus airoides (a warm-season grass). This New Mexico
representative of the Great Basin Desert Grassland derives its floristic influences from
the intermountain region to the northwest. The grassland intermingles and merges with
surrounding woodlands of piñon-juniper. Common shrubs include Artemisia tridentata,
Ericameria (Chrysothamnus) nauseosa, Krascheninnikovia (Ceratoides) lanata, and various species
of low-lying Atriplex, sometimes difficult to tell apart.
Sagebrush/Piñon-Juniper Woodland. In the northwestern and north-central
portions of the state are assemblages of the common piñon-juniper woodland (Pinus
edulis and Juniperus monosperma or Juniperus osteosperma) with Artemisia tridentata. Bromus

25
tectorum is a common grass associate in the open areas. Depending on the area, either
Pinus or Juniperus may be absent from the community.
Oak/Piñon-Juniper Woodland. Nearly throughout the state, or at least in the
central and western portions, one finds piñon-juniper woodlands associated with
various oak species. In the southwestern regions, the oaks are evergreen, and include
such species as Quercus arizonica, Quercus emoryi, and Quercus grisea. Piñon may be
represented there by Pinus cembroides instead of Pinus edulis, and the juniper may be
Juniperus coahuilensis or Juniperus deppeana, rather than Juniperus monosperma. In more
northern areas, the oak is commonly Quercus gambelii, and Juniperus scopulorum may be
common, in addition to Juniperus monosperma.
Piñon-Juniper Woodland. This is the elemental coniferous woodland type in
New Mexico, with numerous associates and sub-types. Associations with Artemisia and
Quercus are particularly noticeable, so they are treated above. Piñon will occupy the
upper, more moist, zones of the vegetation type, with juniper at the lower, more arid,
zones, with the species intermingling between. The predominant piñon is Pinus edulis,
and the predominant juniper is Juniperus monosperma. Bouteloua gracilis is the common
understory grass species. In the bootheel, Pinus edulis may be replaced by Pinus cembroides.
Alternative juniper dominants will be Juniperus scopulorum in the northern regions,
Juniperus pinchotii to the east, Juniperus coahulensis to the south near the deserts, and
Juniperus deppeana to the west in the mountains. Other common shrubs in the piñon-
juniper woodland include Atriplex canescens, Berberis haematocarpa, Cercocarpus montanus,
Ericameria (Chrysothamnus) nauseosa, Fendlera rupicola, Garrya wrightii, Philadelphus microphyllus,
and Robinia neomexicana. As expected, common grasses include species of Achnatherum,
Aristida, Bouteloua, Eragrostis, Muhlenbergia, and Piptochaetium fimbriatum under the piñon.
Forbs are many and diverse.
Ponderosa Pine Forest. At mid-elevations in the mountains, but generally below
8500 feet, one finds a widespread forest dominated by Pinus ponderosa, with a grassy
understory of Blepharoneuron tricholepis, Elymus longifolius, Festuca arizonica, Muhlenbergia
montana, Poa fendleriana, and Poa pratensis. Mature forests have widely scattered ponderosa
pine, with almost a savanna-like aspect, and are the classic ponderosa pine parklands of
the southwest. Shrubby understory species include Quercus gambelii, Robinia neomexicana,
Rosa woodsii, and Symphoricarpos rotundifolius. In the southwestern regions of the state,
where winters are milder, ponderosa pine forest grades into pine/oak forest, with
evergreen oaks.
Mixed Conifer Forest. Middle and upper elevations in the mountains (roughly
8000-10,000 feet) are often covered with a forest of mixed coniferous species, generally
Abies concolor, Picea pungens, various species of Pinus, and Pseudotsuga menziesii, This mixed
conifer forest has numerous variations, depending on slope, aspect, mountain mass,
soils, and landform, and is further delineated by forest ecologists. Associated woody

26
plants include Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Cornus stolonifera, Pinus flexilis, Pinus trobiformis, Populus
tremuloides, and Quercus gambelii. Frequent grasses include Bromus ciliatus, Festuca arizonica,
Muhlenbergia montana, Muhlenbergia straminea, and Poa pratensis.
Spruce/Fir or Subalpine Conifer Forest. Occurring at the highest forested
elevations in our mountains (generally 9500 feet to timberline) is this forest dominated
by Abies arizonica and Picea engelmannii. Significant woody associates include Arctostaphylos
uva-ursi, Juniperus communis, Pinus aristata, Pinus flexilis, Populus tremuloides, Pseudotsuga
menziesii, Ribes montigenum, Rosa woodsii, and Vaccinium myrtillus. High-elevation grasses
include Bromus porteri, Danthonia parryi, Festuca brachyphylla, Festuca minutiflora, Festuca rubra,
Phleum alpinum, and Trisetum spicatum. Commonly encountered forbs will be Achillea
millefolium, Epilobium angustifolium, Geranium richardsonii, Packera sanguisorboides, Polemonium
viscosum, Senecio taraxacoides, and Trifolium attenuatum.
Pine/Oak Forest. At lower elevations in the southwestern mountains, with
relatively mild winters, we find forests of various pine species with evergreen oaks. The
predominant species are Pinus engelmannii, Pinus leiophylla, Pinus ponderosa, Quercus arizonica,
Quercus emoryi, Quercus grisea, and Quercus hypoleucoides. Commonly associated woody plants
include Arctostaphylos pungens, Garrya wrightii, Juniperus deppeana, and Quercus toumeyi, with a
grass understory of Aristida schiedeana, Muhlenbergia emersleyi, Muhlenbergia longiligula,
Muhlenbergia rigens, Poa fendleriana, Piptochaetium fimbriatum, and Schizachyrium cirratum.
Mixed Conifer/Oak Forest. Associated with pine/oak forests in the
southwestern mountains will be a similar forest of evergreen oaks and mixed conifer
species. The major conifers are Pinus cembroides, Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica, Pinus
strobiformis, and Pseudotsuga mensiezii. These will be found with Quercus grisea, Quercus
hypoleucoides, Quercus rugosa. Typical shrubs include Ceanothus fendleri, Cercocarpus montanus,
Rhus trilobata, Rhus virens, and Robinia neomexicana.
Great Basin Desert Shrubland. Territory in the Four Corners region with a
predominance of Artemisia tridentata, Atriplex canescens, Atriplex confertifolia, Ericameria
(Chrysothamnus) nauseosa and related species, and Sarcobatus vermiculatus typify Great Basin
Desert Shrubland vegetation. Atriplex confertifolia is the most reliable indicator of this
vegetation type, which receives most of its precipitation during the winter in the form of
snow. It grades into Great Basin Desert Grassland, and cool-season grasses such as
Achnatherum hymenoides, Bromus tectorum (a weedy exotic), Distichlis spicata in wetlands,
Elymus smithii, and Pleuraphis jamesii are common. Upland slopes will have Juniperus
monosperma and Juniperus osteosperma.
Chihuahuan Desert Shrubland. Contiguous to the true Chihuahuan Desert
Grassland, often in areas of more aridity or greater past disturbance, is the Chihuahuan
Desert Shrubland, reliably defined by the occurrence of Flourensia cernua and Larrea
tridentata. Acacia contricta, Agave lechugilla, Atriplex canescens, Dasylirion wheeleri, Ephedra
trifurca, Fouquieria splendens, Gutierrezia microcephala, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Lycium pallidum,

27
Prosopis glandulosa, and Yucca elata are commonly encountered shrubs. Cacti may be quite
diverse and numerous, and common genera include Coryphantha, Cylindropuntia,
Echinocactus, Echinocereus, Ferocactus, Mammillaria, and Opuntia. Grasses are common,
though not dominant, and include Aristida purpurea, Bouteloua eriopoda, Dasyochloa pulchella,
Sporobolus flexuosus, and Tridens muticus. This shrubland has increased dramatically in
recent times, its expansion fueled by grazing, drought, fire, and human disturbance.
Sand Sage Shrubland. Areas of deep sand are found throughout the state, usually
intermingled among other vegetation, and almost always contain Artemisia filifolia. These
sand sage shrublands vary in woody plant co-dominants depending on substrate and
climate. On the eastern plains shin-oak (Quercus havardii) is the common, associated
woody plant with sand sage, along with Baccharis pteronioides, Prosopis glandulosa, Prunus
angustifolia, and Yucca glauca, with the grasses Andropogon gerardii, Eragrostis secundiflora,
Hesperostipa comata in the spring, and Schizachyrium scoparium. Other dune areas in the state
will contain Psorothamnus scoparius as a common associate, with Atriplex canescens, Ephedra
torreyana, and Rhus trilobata, and the grasses Aristida purpurea, Muhlenbergia pungens,
Sporobolus cryptandrus, and Sporobolus giganteus.
Mountain Brush. Dry areas within more moist habitats in the mountains or
foothills often contain shrubby plants instead of the expected forest or woodland trees.
This mountain brush vegetation is often composed of Cercocarpus montanus, Fallugia
paradoxa, Fendlera rupicola, Holodiscus dumosus, Philadelphus microphyllus, Ptelea angustifolia,
Quercus gambelii (the shrub form), Quercus turbinella, Rhus trilobata, Robinia neomexicana, and
Symphoricarpos rotundifolius.
Saltbush Shrubland. Large, flat areas with slow drainage will hold water long
enough to evaporate and to cause a slight increase in salinity. These Saltbush Shrublands
are frequently dominated by Atriplex canescens or Sarcobatus vermiculatus. The grass
Sporobolus airoides is a common co-dominant, with various proportions of other Atriplex
species, particularly in the northwestern region. Where the soil is gypsiferous, common
associates are Bouteloua breviseta, Nerisyrenia camporum, Sartwellia flaveriae, Selinocarpus
lanceolatus, Tiquilis hispidissima, and Sporobolus nealleyi. Prosopis glandulosa may invade from
adjacent desert scrub if the communities are disturbed.
Ecotones. Ecotones are transitional areas between two adjacent vegetation types,
typified by the dominant species of both types. There are two frequently occurring
ecotones in New Mexico, both of which occupy large tracts of land, and which are
sometimes considered distinct vegetation types by themselves. They are 1) transitions
between woodland and grassland, with piñon, juniper, and various grasses being
common; and 2) transitions between Chihuahuan Desert and grassland, with mesquite,
creosote, and black grama or other warm-season grasses being common.

28
A LEXICON OF COMMONLY USED TOPOGRAPHIC AND VEGETATIVE TERMS

alkali flat. An alkaline, level area into which water drains without escape, forming a
muddy lake after rains, drying to a hard mud crusted with alkaline salts.
alkaline. Above pH 7.0, a base; said of soils that support plants that are alkaline
tolerant.
alluvial fan. A fan-shaped deposit of sediment laid down by streams or drainages as
they enter a plain or open valley; also called a bajada, but this is sometimes
restricted to mean a broad plain formed by the uniting of several alluvial fans.
arroyo. A stream bed, normally dry, which carries water after rainfall; often used in the
sense of gully, to denote a channel with steep sides.
badlands. An arid region dissected by deep gullies and usually devoid of vegetative
cover because of deficient moisture, thus almost without value for agriculture
or pasture land; underlying formation is usually unconsolidated clays and silts;
unequal erosion often leaves tall columns and platforms.
bajada. Often used synonymously with alluvial fan, referring to a fan-shaped deposit
of sediment laid down by streams or drainages as they enter a plain or open
valley; sometimes specifically restricted to refer to a broad plain formed by the
uniting of several alluvial fans.
bar. A ridge of sand lying exposed or submerged in a water channel.
barren. A forest opening with prairie plants growing beneath a sparse canopy of often
stunted trees.
basin. A region in which the drainage is toward an inner, central point.
bayou. A marshy or swampy creek or offshoot to a river or lake, occurring in flat
country.
bench. A shelf-like area of strata or alluvium; lakes often form benches or terraces at
different water levels as they rise and recede.
blow-out. A hollow formed in light soil or sand by wind action.
bluff. A headland or cliff with a bold and almost perpendicular front, usually applied to
the steep slopes bordering a river; often formed by the action of the river
cutting into the valley sides, on the concave side of a meander.
bog. Wet, spongy earth, composed chiefly of decayed and decaying plant matter, fed by
rain; see fen.
bolson. A basin of interior drainage surrounded by hills or mountains; its lowest point
is generally marked by a playa.
bosque. A grove of trees (usually cottonwoods or mesquite) along a floodplain.
bottoms, bottomland. Low alluvial land next to a river.
brake. A thicket of bushes, brambles, shrubs, or especially, cane.
breaks. Protrusions of bedrock or strata through thin alluvium, often as small bluffs or
knolls in otherwise flat country.
brush. A growth of bushes, shrubs, or scrub.

29
butte. A flat-topped hill, formed when a stratum of hard rock overlies weaker layers
and protects them from being worn down; smaller than a mesa.
calcareous. Containing a substantial proportion of lime, i.e., calcium carbonate, calcite,
or magnesium carbonate.
caldera. A large, basin-shaped crater bounded by steep cliffs, usually formed by the
subsidence of the top of a volcanic mountain, and sometimes occupied by a
lake.
canal. An artificial watercourse, usually cut to facilitate irrigation or transportation of
goods.
canyon, cañon. A large gorge, relatively narrow but of considerable size, bounded by
steep slopes; often formed by erosion of a river.
channel. A river bed.
chaparral. Arid-land vegetation characterized by low, mostly small-leaved, evergreen
shrubs and small trees, forming dense thickets.
cienega. Southwestern marshlands at low to medium elevations (approx. 3,000-6,000
ft).
cirque. A deep, rounded, U-shaped valley or hollow with steep sides formed by
glaciation.
cliff. A high and extremely steep rock face, approaching the vertical.
coulee. Originally used for a lava flow; now used ambiguously for gulches, gullies,
steep-sided arroyos, and narrow or small valleys.
cuesta. A ridge, or belt of hilly land, formed on gently dipping rock strata.
desert pavement. A relatively smooth, mosaic-like area in desert regions, consisting of
pebbles closely packed together after the removal (usually by wind) of finer
material.
desert varnish. A thin, reddish to black film or patina on pebbles on the desert floor;
consisting usually of iron and manganese oxides.
draw. A small drainage-way with a shallow bed.
dune. A mound of sand formed through particle transportation by wind.
dyke, dike. A vertical or highly inclined sheet of igneous rock, formed when molten
rock forced its way through a cleft.
escarpment, scarp. An inland cliff or steep slope; the steep face of a cuesta; often
used to describe faces associated with faulting.
fen. Wet, spongy earth, composed chiefly of decayed and decaying plant matter, fed by
surface or groundwater; see bog.
flats. Flat or level ground, as in salt flats.
flood plain. A plain, bordering a river, formed of sediment carried down by the river
and deposited when the river overflows its banks.
forest. A vegetation type dominated by single-trunked trees, usually 8 m or more tall.
gap. A break in a mountain range or series of hills.
glade. An opening in a wood or forest canopy with prairie plants, with various size
rocks scattered throughout.

30
gorge. A valley that is unusually deep and narrow, with steep walls; generally smaller
than a canyon.
grassland. A vegetation type dominated by grasses.
grove. A small wood or forested area, usually with no undergrowth.
gulch. A narrow, deep ravine with steep sides, often formed by flash floods.
gully. A long, narrow channel worn out by water erosion, particularly on a hillside;
smaller than a ravine.
hillock. A mound or small hill.
hollow. A small valley; often with the connotation of being wooded.
hogback. A long, narrow ridge in which both the dip slope and scarp slope are steep,
thus differing from a cuesta.
karst region, karstland, karst topography. A limestone region in which most or all
of the drainage is by underground channels, the surface being dry and often
barren; the topography is typified by sinkholes, underground, caves, and blind
valleys.
knoll. A small, rounded hill or mound.
ledge. A flat shelf of rock protruding from a cliff or slope.
marsh. A tract of low, wet land, often treeless, and periodically flooded.
meadow. A small, but dense, grassland, usually rich in forbs and occurring in relatively
moist habitats.
meander. A curve in the course of a river as it runs from side to side in flat country.
mesa. A flat, table-like upland, which falls away steeply on all sides; smaller than a
plateau and large than a butte.
motte. A thick grove of trees in a grassland or prairie.
outcrop. The portion of a rock stratum that projects above the earth's surface is
exposed to view.
pass. A road, channel, or other means of passage through an obstructed region, as a
narrow route through a mountain range.
pasture. Ground covered with grasses or other herbage and used primarily for grazing.
pediment. The gently sloping plain that borders mountains, usually strewn with
boulders.
plain. An extensive area of level or gently undulating land, usually of low altitude.
plateau. An extensive, level area of elevated land; when young it will be intersected by
canyons; later, the valley floors widen and it is broken up into mesas; later,
most of the surface becomes a plain dotted with mesas.
playa. A dry lake basin, without drainage, periodically filled with a sheet of water; the
floor is smooth, barren, and sun-baked.
prairie. A tract of tall grassland, usually in fertile soils.
ravine. A long, narrow depression, smaller than a valley and larger than a gully.
ridge. A long, narrow crest of a mountain or hill.
rill. A small rivulet or brook.
rimrock. Rock forming the natural boundary of a plateau, mesa, or other rise.

31
riparian. Pertaining to, situated, or dwelling on the bank of a river or other body of
water (i.e., riparian habitat).
rise. A piece of high ground.
saddle. A lower ridge connecting two higher elevations.
saline. Containing a large proportion of soluble salts.
salt marsh. A marsh situated in saline water, either inland or coastal.
savannah. A grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees; vegetation able
to withstand hot, dry seasons of considerable length.
scarp. see escarpment.
scrub, scrubland. A vegetation type with small, closely spaced woody plants less than
2 m tall and often thorny or spiny.
seep. A small spring area where water oozes to the surface.
sink hole. A saucer-shaped depression formed by dissolution of the underlying rock or
parent material; often in limestone.
slope. An incline, usually used in reference to foothills and pediments.
slough. A swampy or marshy region.
steppe. Grassland in regions too dry for natural forest on the uplands; relatively arid.
strand. The narrow strip of land bordering a sea, lake, or river; strand vegetation.
summit. The peak or highest point.
swale. A low spot in a tract of land, often more moist and with more rank vegetation
than surrounding land.
swamp. A tract of low, wet land, often with trees, and continuously flooded.
talus. A mass of rock and boulders of all sizes that accumulate at the base of a cliff or
mountain slope.
terrace. A nearly level strip of land with an abrupt descent along the margin of a lake
or river; a bench.
thicket. A dense growth of shrubs, bushes, or small trees.
tinaja. Large, rounded hole worn into rock by water; serve as waterholes.
tundra. Treeless plains of the arctic region; dominated by grasses, forbs, and lichens.
upland. Drier, elevated slopes or ground, usually in relation to a water course.
valley. A long, narrow depression in the earth's surface, often with a river or stream
running through it, and larger than a ravine.
wash. A broad gully or arroyo with sloping or low banks and a sandy bottom, filling
with water only after rains.
woodland. Terrain covered with well-spaced trees or shrubs, but not as scattered as
savannah.

32
 A BRIEF HISTORY OF NEW MEXICO BOTANY, 1840-1915

“MID-NINETEENTH-CENTURY BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN NEW MEXICO”

Carolyn Dickerman
“Mid-Nineteenth-Century Botanical Exploration in New Mexico.” Historical Review
60 (April 1985):159-171. Copyright © 1985 by the University of New Mexico Board of
Regents. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission.

In the nineteenth century a varied people came west and in doing so, braved hardship,
danger, and isolation. Initially, explorers and adventurers were drawn to the inhospitable
country “because it was there.” In addition, settlers, dissatisfied with their lives in more
civilized areas, looked to the West as a place to realize their dreams. Another group,
merchants, discovered an untapped clientele developing west of the Mississippi.
The irresistible West drew still another breed of man to its harsh terrain: scientific
explorers. Although the early naturalists are not discussed in many historical treatments
of western development, they carried out their work on the very edge of the frontier. A
glimpse of the earliest botanical collectors in New Mexico reveals what kind of people
they were and why and how they came to the territory. In addition, a study of their
opportunities for collecting in New Mexico indicates that the political and social history
of that region in the 1840s helped determine their successes and failures on the frontier.
While some of the West remained unexplored in the first half of the nineteenth
century, eminent American botanists Asa Gray of Harvard and John Torrey of
Columbia were preparing a compilation of the plants of the North American continent.
Also helping with this ambitious project were Thomas Nuttall, a prominent Philadelphia
botanist who had traveled extensively on the frontier, and George Engelmann, a St.
Louis physician and expert on cacti.
To obtain material from previously unstudied areas, Gray sponsored collecting
expeditions, funded by sales of subscriptions to sets of plant specimens brought back
from these trips. Announcements for these subscriptions were published in scientific
journals and specified the geographical areas in which a collection would be made. The
advertisements stated who the collectors would be, how they were qualified, and which
scientist would identify the specimens.1
Gray was particularly interested in obtaining plant information from the largest area
of the continental United States still unexplored scientifically, the land between Texas
and California. Botanical specimens were first taken from the coast of California in
1791,2 and by 1820, Dr. Edwin James, who accompanied Maj. S.H. Long on his first
expedition to the Rocky Mountains, was gathering plants in Texas.3 Although these
areas of' the Southwest and other sections of the continent had experienced botanical
expeditions in the 1840s, no one had yet ventured into New Mexico.
Of course, people had lived in the Southwest for millennia and were acquainted

33
with the plant life of the region. Indeed, successive indigenous populations, Spanish
missionaries and soldiers, and hunters and trappers from the Unites States knew the
plants of the area, named them, and were aware of their uses and distribution . Trained
European botanists, who were building a systematic body of knowledge of the
relationships and distributions of' all plants of the world, would not base their scientific
work on laymen's descriptions, however. They needed actual specimens, prepared by
professionals who had the training to recognize interesting and useful species. The
reasons New Mexico remained unknown botanically are not attributable primarily to the
rough, inhospitable nature of the land or the arduousness of travel, difficult as these
were, or to the unwillingness of people to undergo the tribulations of frontier life.
Instead, international politics determined the course of botanical knowledge in these
early years.
New Mexico in the early nineteenth century was an integral part of Mexico, itself
under Spanish administration. Generally, the weak Spanish government viewed frontier
New Mexico as a buffer to protect remaining Spanish possessions from hostile Indians;
it also prohibited foreigners from entering Spanish lands.4 Fear of encroachment by the
United States, especially after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, as well as protecting the
monopoly on trade from Chihuahua to New Mexico, motivated the Spanish to keep
New Mexico isolated. A result of this isolation policy was that New Mexico received no
lands for colleges or public schools; nor were there any printing presses, lawyers, or
medical doctors in the province, with the exception of a surgeon supported by soldiers
in Santa Fe. Spain prohibited manufacture of goods, and all trade was with the south.
Annual caravans laden with wool, wine, and furs made the perilous journey to
Chihuahua and returned with manufactured items of European origin. Traders who
broke the rules of the foreign embargo, especially Americans. could expect heavy jail
sentences.5
During the three hundred years of Spanish rule in the New World, Spain sent
scientific explorers to Mexico on only one occasion: the Royal Scientific Expedition to
New Spain, authorized in 1786 and headed by two prominent Spanish botanists. For
fifteen years, this expedition of botanists, zoologists, and artists collected, described, and
painted the flora and fauna of New Spain from Central America to Veracruz (where
they were joined by the Malaspina expedition) to Baja California, including some
Caribbean islands, but not northern Mexico. When the principals returned to Spain in
1803, however, the chaotic political climate thwarted further scientific activities. As a
result, materials from the collection were not made available to the European scientific
community and Spain discontinued botanical work in Mexico.6
When Mexico broke from Spain in 1821, it abandoned the Spanish policy of
excluding foreign traders. In fact, the first American to trade with the Mexican people
was William Becknell, a Missouri merchant who gambled that Mexican independence

34
would lead to repeal of the restrictive trade laws. He started out for Santa Fe before the
war of independence was won. When he arrived in New Mexico friendly troops met his
party and escorted them to Santa Fe where they exchanged their manufactured goods
for bags of silver pesos. Upon his return to Franklin, Missouri, he advertised his good
fortune by riding down the main street, pulling out one if his leather bags of silver, and,
cutting it with a knife, spilling the coins out on the street. Six months later, Becknell
headed back to Santa Fe with more goods. Knowing that his three, heavily loaded
wagons would not be able to negotiate the steep Raton Pass through which he had
earlier entered Santa Fe, he crossed the Cimarron desert and inaugurated another
branch of the Santa Fe trail.7
The opening of the Santa Fe Trail and the commercial activity it spawned provided
a means of sending botanical collectors into the new area. The first botanical explorer in
New Mexico was William Gambel [emphasis added, here and following], a protégé of Nuttall
who had traveled with his mentor in the Southwest and New England and had learned
the technique of collecting and preserving plants for scientific purposes. An
adventurous young man of eighteen when Nuttall sent him west, Gambel followed the
usual route to the frontier through Pittsburgh, down the Ohio by steamboat, up the
Mississippi to St. Louis, and then up the Missouri to Independence, Missouri. In May
1841, Gambel left Independence with a mule caravan of ninety trappers and traders
along with forty wagons laden with merchandise.
The three-month trip to Santa Fe was not without considerable trouble. In western
Kansas, combat with a band of five hundred Arapaho Indians was avoided only by
handing out gifts. This incident took place within sight of the remains of Pawnee
Indians whom the Arapaho had killed earlier. Farther along, four hundred Utes attacked
and shot at the caravan for an entire morning. (We know of these events through extant
letters Gambel wrote to his mother.) In describing travel along the Santa Fe Trail,
Gambel reported: “We also suffered much for want of water sometimes having to do
without for two days. However, I have got through it with safety not even with a cold
from laying [sic] on the ground with nothing on but the sky above the earth below and
perhaps Indians around us for nearly three months.”8
Despite these and other problems, the mule train arrived in Santa Fe in record
time. For the next two months, Gambel remained in New Mexico, collecting botanical
and zoological specimens in the Sangre de Cristo range and the nearby Rio Grande
valley.
Since traveling over the deserts and mountains of New Mexico by mule was
arduous, amassing a useful collection of plants while on such trips was particularly
difficult. As samples were collected in the field, care had to be taken to save all parts of
the plant (for example, flower, fruit, root) to retain useful specimens. These specimens
were transferred back to camp in metal containers (vascula) or leather portfolios.

35
Moisture was then removed from the plants by pressing them between absorbent
papers that were changed daily until the specimens had dried. In rainy seasons, papers
had to be changed over a long period of time. At the end of each day, a detailed list of
the collected plants had to be made, including information on exact location, habitat,
density of population, and associated flora. Freshly collected plants had to be pressed,
all other specimens collected on the trip had to be examined for dryness, and those that
were still moist had to be replaced in dry papers. In addition, collectors had the more
mundane daily chores of cooking, washing, and guard duty.
By September, the flowering season was coming to a close, and Gambel resumed
his trip to California by joining the Workman party in Abiquiú. The route this group of
twenty-five people (most of whom planned to settle in California) took went as far
north as Utah, then across the Mojave desert to Los Angeles without major problems,
although toward the end of the trip their flock of sheep had been eaten, and they
suffered from a serious lack of water.
When Gambel's extensive collections finally reached Philadelphia, Nuttall
published the descriptions.9 Nuttall permanently honored Gambel by naming the
common scrub oak of New Mexico Quercus gambellii (Gambel's oak) and the top-knotted
bird commonly seen scurrying through the desert Lophortyx gambelii (Gambel's quail).
Nearly five years passed before another botanist visited New Mexico. In the
meantime, relations between the United States and Mexico deteriorated as the United
States perceived the disorganized young state of Mexico as uncooperative, while Mexico
feared their powerful neighbor's greed for additional territory. As a result, Mexico broke
off diplomatic relations with the United States in March of 1845 following the
annexation of Texas.
The next year, despite clouds of war on the horizon that a series of border
incidents had initiated, Frederick A. Wislizenus, an émigré physician and partner in
practice with George Engelmann, was persuaded by the latter to undertake a scientific
tour of northern Mexico. Engelmann had developed Wislizenus' interest in botany and
had instructed him in the technique of collecting and preserving specimens. The tolls
began on 5 May 1846, when Wislizenus left St. Louis for Missouri where he sought a
company destined for Santa Fe. Although word of skirmishes on the frontier reached
Wislizenus before he left Missouri, he continued on his trip, believing that if war came,
it would be short-lived. He headed west within the month with the thirty-five-man
caravan of Albert Speyer, a Santa Fe trader carrying two wagon loads of arms and
ammunition to sell to the governor of Chihuahua.
On 17 July, Wislizenus crossed the New Mexico border. Among the botanical
observations of New Mexico he recorded in his detailed journal was the first cane
cholla, Opuntia arborescens. He noted that this plant, common throughout Mexico, has
porous stems that are used as torches. At Las Vegas, he went into the mountains where

36
he recorded then undescribed pines: ponderosa and piñon.
In Santa Fe, word reached the American party of the battle of Palo Alto that took
place in Texas when the Mexican army crossed the Rio Grande and killed American
patrols. Still, the situation seemed normal in Santa Fe, so the Mexican general granted
Wislizenus a passport for travel to the interior. The caravan started on its way to Mexico
along the Rio Grande on 9 July, and Wislizenus made the first collection of plant
specimens south of Santa Fe. At the Sandia Mountains, Wislizenus left the party to
obtain gold ore, then rejoined the group at Albuquerque. A few days later along the Rio
Grande, Wislizenus encountered mesquite. At first he was pleased to see specimens of
the plant he had known only by description, but he soon found them monotonous. He
was also interested in the various species of Yucca and Opuntia At Socorro, while
examining the mineralogy of old mines, Wislizenus found an undescribed species of
Yucca in fruit.
From Socorro the party left the Rio Grande, which at this point begins a circuitous
bend that, because of the mountainous terrain, was difficult to follow and entered the
ninety-mile Jornada del Muerto, a nearly waterless valley, the name of which reveals its
dangers. There, Wislizenus discovered a new Echinocactus of impressive size. He
collected its flowers and seeds, but its four-foot height prevented him from making a
whole-plant specimen. On 8 August 1846, Wislizenus crossed into Mexico where during
the next ten months he proceeded in amassing an important botanical collection despite
being caught up in the war. For six months he was confined to a remote village in the
state of Chihuahua.10
Wislizenus' collection included five new species from New Mexico. Engelmann
described these and other new species in the “Botanical Appendix” of Wislizenus'
“Memoir,” thereby stamping Wislizenus' unwieldy name on American botany.11 At the
generic level. Englemann described Wislizenia, of the family Capparidaceae, in honor of
its discoverer. In addition to Pediocactus wislizenii, a cottonwood, Populus fremontii var.
wislizenii, collected in Texas, was also named for the German physician, as were Dithryea
wislizenzii, Geranium wislizenii and a California oak, Quercus wislizenii. Engelmann wrote
that “the collection of Dr. Wislizenus cannot but impress the botanist with the richness
and novelty of the flora of these countries and invite the arduous explorer to further
exertion.”12
In the spring of 1846, while Wislizenus was on the Santa Fe Trail, worsening
relations between Mexico and the United States culminated in full-fledged war along the
lower Rio Grande. President Polk signed an act of war on 13 May that authorized him
to use military force to take Chihuahua, Tamaulipas, New Mexico east of the Rio
Grande, and the California ports.
In response to the declaration of war, the 2,700-member Army of the West
assembled at Fort Leavenworth, Missouri. Attached to the army were five members of

37
the Corps of Topological Engineers, a branch of the army charged with gathering
scientific information about the West while serving as part of the fighting force. The
engineers were educated at West Point where they were given courses in engineering,
drawing, and natural science. In fact, prominent botanist John Torrey gave them basic
instruction in botany and taught them how to document the flora of areas through
which they would travel. By means of their association with foremost American
scientists, these West Point graduates came into contact with leading scientists of the
United States and Europe, and some of them became highly respected scientists in their
own right.13 When President Polk ordered General Kearny to extend his conquest of
New Mexico onward to California, the topological bureau was provided with an
opportunity for original exploration in unmapped lands that until then only Indians,
Spaniards, and mountain men had crossed.
On 5 June 1846, Lt. William H. Emory, a thirty-five-year-old career soldier,
received orders to repair to Fort Leavenworth and report to Colonel Kearny as head of
a party of topological engineers. These orders stipulated that Emory would perform any
military duties that Kearny assigned to him. Anticipating that this tour of duty would
take him to unexplored areas of the continent, Emory prepared to use his free time to
collect scientific data.
Indeed, before leaving Washington, D.C., Emory procured box chronometers and
sextants for determining longitudes and latitudes. So jarring was the trip, however,
particularly the overturning of the stagecoach in the Alleghenies, that the settings of
these delicate instruments changed and had to be recalibrated in Fort Leavenworth. On
the other hand, Emory managed to keep the settings in working order throughout the
remainder of the trip, and during a stopover in St. Louis, he consulted with Engelmann
on preparations for plant collecting.
Emory's official report reveals that the Army of the West set out from Fort
Leavenworth on 26 June following the Santa Fe Trail. Throughout the trip, Emory
recorded military events and botanical findings.14 Although the march was hard, food in
short supply, water scarce, and there was a constant threat of combat, Emory took
valuable time each day to detail the floral characteristics of the country. The army
traveled across New Mexico from Raton Pass to Santa Fe, announcing at each village
that the United States was taking possession of the country. The armed Mexican forces,
rumored to be ready, never materialized.
In August and September, while Kearny's men remained in Santa Fe, Emory
selected and surveyed the site of Fort Marcy. In addition, he took the opportunity to
collect plants in the environs as well as to travel south along the Rio Grande as far as
the village of Tome.
Toward the end of September, the company set out on the march for California,
moving south along the Rio Grande. At Socorro, they left the road that continued down

38
to Chihuahua through the Jornada del Muerto and instead followed the Rio Grande.
From this point on, Emory was collecting in botanically virgin territory. At the level of
the present Elephant Butte Dam, Kearny and his party headed west toward the
Mimbres Mountains and the Santa Rita copper mines, and then to the Gila River, which
they followed out of New Mexico. The month's passage across present-day Arizona
along the Gila was without military incident, so Emory was able to continue his
botanizing along the Gila, adding new species to his collection. His most notable
botanical discovery was the saguaro cactus. Although Emory was on a military mission,
his descriptions were enthusiastic, at times almost poetic: “The view from our camp is
inexpressibly beautiful”; 15 “for two days our way was strewed with flowers.”16
His collection of plants was excellent, although he apologized in a letter to John
Torrey that it was made “at intervals snatched from military duty, and necessarily done
hastily and without that order of regularity which you would expect had I been sent on a
scientific expedition. . . . I went out on a notice of only a few hours and what was done
was beyond military duties.”17 Torrey was asked to write a catalogue of the plants
collected. This analysis of Emory's specimens in the appendix of the “Notes” includes a
new genus, Baileya, of the Composite family, a common plant along the Rio Grande, as
well as nine new species.18 Prosopis strombocarpa emoryi and Quercus emoryi (Emory oak)
were species named after Emory, who collected them while on his military mission.
Meanwhile, Asa Gray of Harvard recognized the opportunity to place plant
collectors in remote places in the flood of military people headed west. He wrote
Engelmann on 30 May 1846 that he “must have a collector for plants living and dry to
go to Santa Fe, with the Government Expedition.”9 Engelmann responded a few weeks
later, “I believe I have found a young man.”20 Engelmann's candidate was Augustus
Fendler, a Prussian who had traveled extensively in frontier America collecting plant
specimens. At the outbreak of the Mexican war, Gray had obtained a letter of
recommendation from the secretary of war granting Fender free transportation to Santa
Fe with the troops. Arriving there in the fall of 1846, Fendler was obliged to wait until
the plants were in a collectible stage in the spring, Then from April through August, he
botanized along the Santa Fe River and on the surrounding plains west to the Rio
Grande Valley, gathering 1,026 specimens. Clearly, the correspondence of Engelmann
and Gray indicates they were well pleased with Fendler's method of collecting. Fendler's
contribution to the botany of the newly acquired areas of the United States was
considerable, and he showed further promise of scientific contribution. His dedication
to plant collecting is evident in a letter he wrote to Gray: “Not the dangers nor the risk
of life, health, and property; not the many hardships and privations which are
insuperably connected with such an undertaking are deterring me from entering upon it
again – on the contrary, these botanical excursions were enough to make me
passionately fond of herbalizing.”21

39
 So pleased was Gray with Fendler's efforts that his letters to Engelmann indicated
that the Harvard scientist wanted Fendler to remain in the Santa Fe area for two years
to collect material in the nearby mountains, However, when Fendler requested funds
from Gray (pleading that lack of money had compelled him to sell his belongings,
borrow money, and forced his younger brother to join the army to keep from starving),
he was not granted sufficient funds to permit him to remain in the field. He left for St.
Louis in the fall of 1847, never to return to New Mexico.22
In recognition of his contribution to western botany, two genera commemorate
Fendler's name: Fendlera (fendlerbush) and Fendlerella, both in the Saxifrage family.
Fendler's next botanical expedition was spectacularly disastrous. In the spring of 1849,
en route to the Great Salt Lake region, he was caught in a sudden flood and lost all of
his collecting materials as well as his transportation. When he finally was able to make
his way back to St. Louis, he found that a fire had destroyed all of his worldly goods.23
The departure of Fendler from New Mexico marked the end of this initial period
of individual collectors, but other events soon transpired that encouraged further
botanical exploration of New Mexico. The Mexican-American War resulted in the
establishment of a boundary commission to run and mark the boundary line between
the two countries. Topological engineers were assigned to this survey, as well as
geologists, zoologists, and botanists. According to noted historian of science, A. Hunter
Dupree, the survey had “too many botanists, certainly for their own or the
government's good. But their very numbers turned the Mexican boundary survey into a
kind of graduate school for collectors.”24 Indeed the botanical collectors sent back 2,648
species, which Torrey described in the botanical report of the boundary commission.25
Gray considered this report, including all species known from the Southwest at that
time, to be ranked “as the most important publication of the kind that had ever
appeared.”26 This report indicated that improved transportation, removal of political
barriers, and – most important – government support of natural history expeditions to
the West would encourage trained, well-equipped botanists to carry out surveys in New
Mexico, which would expand the botanical knowledge of the area.
Here, then, is the story of the beginning of scientific botanical work in New
Mexico. Only after Mexico became independent in 1821 were outsiders officially
permitted to enter, and the only means of travel was by mule or wagon along the Santa
Fe Trail. In the first half of the 1840s, Gambel and Wislizenus, despite the rigors of
working from a mule or oxen train, sent east the first examples of New Mexican flora
from Santa Fe and along the Rio Grande. But the Mexican-American War opened up
new opportunities for travel in the mid-1840s, and as a result, Lieutenant Emory's
military duties took him to previously unexplored parts of the Southwest. Moreover,
Fendler, while he traveled to Santa Fe with the army, was free to devote his full time to
plant collecting. Although these deeply committed men received a minimum of

40
compensation for the hardships they incurred, aside from having their names
permanently attached to the nomenclature of novel plants, they laid the groundwork for
the botanical study of New Mexico.

NOTES
1. Asa Gray, ''Notice of Botanical Collections, "The American Journal of Science and Arts 45 (April-June)
1843): 225-26.
2. Susan D. McKelvey, Botanical Exploration of the Trans-Mississippi West (Jamaica Plains, Mass.: Arnold
Arboretum of Harvard University, 1955), xiv.
3. Samuel Wood Geiser, Naturalists of the Frontier (Dallas: Southern Methodist University, 1937), 19.
4. Ralph Emerson Twitchell, The Leading Facts of New Mexican History, 5 vols. (Albuquerque: Horn and
Wallace, 1953), 2:448.
5. Pedro Bautista Pino, Three New Mexico Chronicles: the Exposición of Don Pedro Bautista Pino 1812; the Ojeado
of Lic. Antonio Barreiro 1832; and the additions by Don José Augustín de Escudero, 1849. Translated and with
introduction and notes by H. Bailey Carroll and J. Villasana Haggard (Albuquerque: The Quivira Society,
1942), 94.
6. Iris Wilson Engstrand, Spanish Scientists in the New World: The Eighteenth-Century Expeditions (Seattle:
University of Washington Press, 1981).
7. Larry M. Beachum, William Becknell: Father of the Santa Fe Trade, Southwestern Studies, no. 68 (El Paso:
Texas Western Press, 1982), 17-33.
8. McKelvey, Botanical Exploration, p. 745.
9. Thomas Nuttall, “Descriptions of Plants Collected by William Gambel, M.D., in the Rocky Mountains
and Upper California.” Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 2d series (August 1848): 149-89.
10. Friedrich Adolph Wislizenus, “Memoir of a Tour to Northern Mexico Connected with Col.
Doniphan’s Expedition in 1846 and 1847.” U.S. Congress, Senate, Misc. Doc. 26, 30th Cong. 1st sess., 1846
(serial set 511).
11. George Engelmann, “Botanical Appendix,” in Wislizenus, “Memoir,” pp. 87-115.
12. Engelmann, “Botanical Appendix,” p. 115.
13. William H. Goetzmann, Army Explorations in the American West 1803-1863 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale
University Press, 1959), 12-17.
14. William Hemsley Emory, “Notes of a Military Reconnoissance, from Fort Leavenworth, in Missouri,
to San Diego, in California, including part of the Arkansas, del Norte, and Gila Rivers.” U.S. Congress, Senate,
Exec. Doc. 7, 30th Cong. 1st sess., 1848 (serial set 505).
15. Emory, “Notes,” p. 18.
16. Emory, “Notes,” p. 19.
17. Andrew Denny Rodgers, John Torrey, A Story of North American Botany (Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1942), 187.
18. John Torrey, “Appendix,” in Emory, “Notes,” pp. 137-55.
19. A. Hunter Dupree, Asa Gray, 1810-1888 (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1959), 162.
20. Dupree, Asa Gray, p. 162.
21. McKelvey, Botanical Exploration, p. 1026.
22. McKelvey, Botanical Exploration, p. 1024-27.
23. William M. Canby, “An autobiography and some reminiscences of the late August Fendler. I.”
Botanical Gazette 10 (June 1885): 285-90.
24. Dupree, Asa Gray, p. 205.
25. C.C. Parry, John Torrey, and George Engelmann, “The Botany of the Boundary,” U.S. Congress,
House, Ex. Doc. 135, part 1, 34th Cong., 1st sess., 1859, vol. 2 (serial set 862).
26. Asa Gray, “The Botany of the Mexican Boundary,” The American Journal fo Science and Arts, 2d series 28
(November 1859): 291-92.

41
“BOTANISTS OF THE MEXICAN-UNITED STATES BOUNDARY SURVEY”

Carolyn Dodson
“Botanists of the Mexican-United States Boundary Survey.” Huntia 9(1): 89-96.
Copyright © 1993 by Hunt Institute for Botanical Documention. All rights reserved.
Reprinted by permission.

Introduction
The only good to have come out of the Mexican War “was the benefit it has done
to Botany” (Rodgers 1942, p. 225). This was the opinion of John Torrey (1796-1873),
the most eminent botanist of his day. Indeed, the war with Mexico did have an
important impact on the study of the unique desert flora of North America.
By the mid-l800s little was known of this flora of the Southwest desert, although
the botany of the eastern part of the continent was well-documented, and plants had
been collected from the West Coast, Northwest. Rocky Mountains and Texas.
In large part the reason for this hiatus in botanical knowledge was political. New
Mexico, which included Arizona and part of Colorado, was an integral part of Mexico,
itself under Spanish administration. The Spanish government viewed this northern
province as a buffer to protect Mexico from hostile American Indians and United States
invasion. All foreigners, including scientists, were prohibited from entering Spanish
lands and, since Spain was not pursuing scientific investigations in the frontier, the land
between Texas and California remained scientifically unexplored (Dickerman 1985).
When Mexico severed its ties with Spain in 1821 and abandoned the policy of
excluding foreign traders, the Santa Fe Trail opened. The commercial activity it
spawned provided a means of sending botanical collectors into the area for the first
time. Indeed, William Gambel and Friedrich A. Wislizenus, the earliest botanists in New
Mexico, journeyed with commercial caravans (Dodson 1987).
The Mexican War furnished another means of access. Lieutenant William H.
Emory collected plants in New Mexico while on military duty with the Army of the
West, and Augustus Fendler traveled with the Army to collect plants in Santa Fe in the
summer of 1846. Eastern botanists who were receiving the specimens that trickled in
saw that the flora of the Southwest was new and distinctive, and they were eager for the
opportunity for more samples (McKelvey 1955).
The Mexican-United States Boundary Survey provided that opportunity. I will
briefly describe the Survey in the context in which the botanical collections were made,
and then I will introduce the individual plant collectors who traveled with the Survey
and conclude with an evaluation of the “benefits” to botany.
On 2 February 1848, the Mexican War ended with the signing of the Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo. The result was an expansion of the area of the United States by
over one million square miles along a l,800-mile-long border. To mark the precise line
along the rugged terrain separating the two countries. a joint American-Mexican

42
Commission was formed. Each government sent a survey team to work together on
marking the boundary.

The Boundary Survey

The Commissioner of the United States Survey Team was charged by his
government with making a map of the unexplored land running along the Rio Grande
River from the Gulf of Mexico to the boundary of New Mexico, north to the Gila
River, down the Gila to the Colorado River and west to San Diego. In addition, he was
directed to collect information on precious metals and ores and to secure scientific data
on flora and fauna. Finally, he was asked to make recommendations concerning the
building of a road, canal or railway along the Gila River (Goetzmann 1959).
At the same time, the Mexican government instructed its Commissioner, Pedro
García Conde, to determine the initial point on the Pacific Coast, then carry the survey
east. He was also directed to collect information about Indian tribes on the frontier and
to suggest solutions to the problem of defending the frontier from American
encroachment. Initially, García Conde recommended the appointment of a botanist for
the expedition, but financial constraints prevented the collection and study of botanical
collections (Hewitt 1990).
The Americans, however, did organize a botanical survey. Torrey placed his former
student Charles C. Parry in the position of official Botanist. Asa Gray, the influential
Harvard botanist, had Charles Wright added to the team. Through the influence of W.
S. Sullivant, the bryologist, John Bigelow was named Surgeon and Botanist. J. W. Bailey,
the West Point botanist, recommended George Thurber as Botanist. Thus, the
American Boundary Survey Team had four botanists in its ranks. To be sure, each had
other duties as well. Charles Parry was “Assistant Surgeon,” George Thurber was
“Computer,” John M. Bigelow's title was “Surgeon,” and Charles Wright's was
“Surveyor and Botanist.” In the opinion of one historian, this was “too many botanists,
certainly, for their own or the government's good” (Dupree 1959, p. 205).
The number of botanists was indeed disproportionate for a team of the size of this
survey. but then so was the number of successive commissioners heading the six-
yearlong endeavor. As the historian A. Hunter Dupree pointed out, the “Mexican
Boundary Survey was a confused affair” (Dupree 1959, p. 205).
Initially President Polk appointed A. H. Sevier, a former Senator, to the post of
Commissioner, but the unfortunate man died before taking office. Then Polk appointed
John B. Weller, a proslavery Democrat politician, to the position. Obviously, the
political implications concerned Polk more than the technical, since William H. Emory,
a respected army engineer with a distinguished record in the Mexican War and
Northeastern Boundary Commission, was passed over at this time (Hine 1968).

43
 Some members of the team were engineers; others were political appointees. The
latter were either advocates of slavery, who welcomed the expansion of slave territory,
or proponents of a southern railroad route running through the newly acquired land.
In any event, in March 1849 Weller and his party sailed from the East Coast by way
of Panama to San Diego to meet the Mexican component of the joint Survey team.
Reaching the Isthmus of Panama. they found themselves among a horde of fortune
seekers clamoring to join the Gold Rush. Emory described “a precipitation upon
[Panama] of all the odds and ends of the inhabitants of the Atlantic Coast of North
America and Europe” (Emory 1857, p. 2). The members of this official mission of the
United States government were stranded for weeks before they were able to secure
passage to California. By the time they finally arrived, the influx of prospectors into
California had driven prices so high that the Commission soon ran out of funds, and on
top of that they lost men to the more rewarding gold fields.
Furthermore, toward the end of April, the rainy season set in with its sicknesses.
But the sensible ones “employed a good cook, and purchased light wines, and by a
generous diet escaped all disease” (Emory 1857. p. 3).
Once the representatives from both governments were ready to begin, the first task
was to define the starting point on the Pacific Coast. The treaty specified that the point
be located one “marine league” south of the southernmost point of San Diego Bay
(Hewitt 1990). These seemingly straightforward instructions harbored pitfalls. The
immediate problem was that the 1782 map in hand did not conform to the actual
configuration of San Diego Bay. Moreover, the “marine league” was a unit of measure
unfamiliar to the Americans, and the two sides had to work out a mutually acceptable
definition of the unit (Hewitt 1990, p. 185).
Meanwhile Amiel Whipple and Charles C. Parry established an astronomical camp
at the confluence of the Gila and Colorado Rivers, an orientation point of the
boundary. They too had problems, namely that the Gila River constantly shifted in its
course and was impossible to pin down.
Then the Whigs came into power. In 1849 President Taylor relieved Weller of the
post and offered it to John C. Fremont, who mercifully declined. Had Fremont
accepted, Emory, the most competent member of the Commission but also Fremont's
political enemy, would have had to resign. Next, John Russell Bartlett, an ethnologist
and book dealer, was offered the post. Unfortunately for the operation of the Survey,
Bartlett accepted.
For this bookish, artistic Commissioner, the post promised opportunity “for
exploring unknown regions” and “to be thrown among the wild tribes of the interior”
(Goetzmann 1959, p. 168). By now the stretch of the border from San Diego to the
Gila River was mapped. Thus, Bartlett began his survey at El Paso.

44
 He arrived at El Paso from the port of Indianola with a large, luxuriously equipped
party that included friends and relatives. Assuming that the astronomical and surveying
equipment shipped From San Diego would be sufficient for his survey, He took with
him no scientific equipment. He did not, however, stint on general supplies, including
four iron boats accompanied by a Lieutenant of the U.S. Navy for use on the Rio
Grande and Gila Rivers (Hewitt 1990, p. 179). In connection with Bartlett's supplies,
James D. Graham complained that not a single zoological or botanical specimen was
sent out before he arrived in E1 Paso. The equipment for preserving botanical
collections was left at Indianola and in its place the wagons were loaded with whiskey
(Graham 1852).
Soon after taking charge, Bartlett commandeered the surveying party to rescue a
Mexican girl from her New Mexico slave owners, a mission that took them to various
parts of northern Mexico for over a month. Subsequently, Bartlett made exploratory
side trips to California and Mexico. While these excursions detracted from the
surveying, they afforded unparalleled opportunities for the botanists. Here is an example
of the Commissioner's excursions, from Torrey: “Mr. Bartlett, with most of his party
(including Thurber) had gone to parts unknown & leaving the remainder of his people
without funds or work–or anything else except provisions. Major Emory [will] organize
a small party & start in pursuit of Mr. B.” (Rodgers 1942, p. 222).
Of course, this kind of shenanigan hampered the progress of the surveying. But a
more serious problem arose from errors in the map on which the treaty was based. This
map showed El Paso to be 30 miles north of its true position. Bartlett incorporated this
mistake into his surveying in spite of the objection of his surveyors.
The chief Surveyor. Andrew B. Gray, was one of the dissenters. He considered it “a
great misfortune that the officer of the topographical engineers put his signature to an
agreement. . . . Thus signing away a large piece of territory belonging to New Mexico, a
portion of which is of splendid character” (Gray, A. B., 1854, p. 46).
To be fair, it must be admitted that Bartlett's interpretation was compatible with his
instructions to use the inaccurate map and to maintain a conciliatory attitude toward
Mexico. Nevertheless, the fact that the 30-mile wide stretch in question would be the
route of any southern railway elevated the matter to the realm of politics.
Bartlett's “wide field for new exploration” (Goetzmann 1959, p. 168) ended when
Congress, prompted by Senator Weller, the former Commissioner, called for an
investigation of Bartlett's conduct. This review resulted in the impoundment of the
Commission's funds and dismissal of Bartlett for the great land giveaways (Goetzmann
1958, p. 185).
Even so, had he not been dismissed for his position of the latitude of the line,
Bartlett eventually would have lost his post due to poor management, corruption,

45
drunken binges, and the suicide and murders that occurred during the colorful months
he headed the organization.
By the time Bartlett left, in 1852, the Commission had only surveyed the Texas and
California portions of the boundary. William H. Emory was called up from the West
Coast to carry on the work. When he arrived in El Paso, he found “no money, no credit
. . . the large party subdivided . . . amongst themselves and the bitterest feelings between
the different parties. Little or no work has been done, and yet the appropriation is all
gone” (Goetzmann 1958, p. 180).
Taking charge in 1853, Emory proved to be as efficient as his predecessor was
disorganized. He swiftly and competently completed the mission five years after the
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Only one interruption in this phase of the Survey
occurred, when the Mexican Commissioner was jailed for a month by his government.

The Botanists
As the surveying progressed in its erratic course, the accompanying botanists
zealously collected plant specimens. Who were these field collectors? They came to their
posts knowing how to identify plants and able to discern the new and interesting ones.
Exploring new lands and discovering new plants under arduous conditions was a labor
of love. Their only reward was having their names permanently impressed in botanical
science on the plants named in their honor.
What did the collectors do? A mid-nineteenth-century letter to a Corps of
Engineers biologist instructed the collector carefully to note locality, latitude, longitude
and date of collection on labels connected with the specimens. The collector was told to

save all plants not recognized as common U. States species. The flower
leaves and if possible the seed vessels and seed should be saved. Tin boxes
will preserve specimens fresh for several days, until opportunity occurs to
dry them. Dry plants under strong pressure, between folds of bibulous
paper which must be changed daily at least. A botanical press may be made
easily with two boards, four cords and a lever for tightening . . . .
Memoranda should be made of the cover, size, and place of growth of all
plants. Collect all land shells, also the bivalve and univalve fresh water
species, no matter how unattractive their appearance (Bailey 1850?, pp. 12).

A common thread uniting botanists was a medical background. After all, until
recently, plants were the chief source of drugs. By necessity, the study of plants was an
important component of the medical school curriculum.

46
 Charles C. Parry
In fact, the official Survey Botanist Charles Christopher Parry (1823-1890) studied
botany at Columbia Medical College. His interest in botany continued while he was
practicing medicine in Iowa. At that time this state was on the frontier, certainly in the
botanical sense, so that Parry began collecting plants to send to his former professor,
Torrey. Finding such delight in the discovery of new species, he joined the Geological
Survey of the Northwest in 1848 as Surgeon-Naturalist for the experience of botanizing
in unexplored regions of Minnesota.
Then, rather than resume his practice, he accepted Torrey's appointment as official
Botanist of the United States Survey Team in 1849 (Parry 1878). Parry traveled to San
Diego by ship, then accompanied a group across the California desert to the Gila River
during the latter half of the year. The collection he made in the unexplored territory
suffered a fate that was common enough on the frontier. It was lost in a fire in Panama
on route to Washington D.C.
Parry made up this loss by extensively collecting again along the survey line the
following year. He even worked along the coast as far as Monterey, where he described
a new species of pine named Pinus torreyana or Torrey pine, in honor of his mentor.
In 1851 Parry was transferred to El Paso. For a year he followed the expedition,
collecting plants between Big Bend and the Pimo settlements to the west.
Parry actively participated in botanical exploration throughout the West for the rest
of his life. He served as botanist of the Pacific Railroad Survey along the 35th parallel in
1867 and then was appointed Botanist of the Department of Agriculture. Most of his
summers during the rest of his life were spent in the west, exploring the Rocky
Mountain flora. In fact, Joseph Ewan, the eminent botanical historian, concludes that
Parry “did more than any other single person to make known the plant life of the
Central Rocky Mountain” (Ewan 1950, p. 278).

John Milton Bigelow

Another physician among the border botanists was John Milton Bigelow (1804-
1878). He maintained his botanical interests while practicing medicine and raising a
family in Ohio by collecting plants for Dr. Torrey.
Private practice and botanizing were not always compatible, he found: “Many times
some of my most interesting specimens are brought home in my hat and probably
before I have time to smooth out some of the wrinkles consequent upon their cramped
position in the hat, a call is made post haste and my poor plants are obliged to suffer the
withering influences of a hot summer day “ (Waller 1942, p. 317).
His correspondence with Torrey led to his appointment as Surgeon and Botanist
on the Boundary Survey in 1850. Bigelow traveled with Bartlett's group by ship to
Indianola, then overland to El Paso, collecting along the way.

47
 Along the border he discovered Parthenium argentatum or Guayule, the subject of
intense interest today for its potential to yield rubber. As the oldest of the Survey
botanists, Bigelow was somewhat hampered by his outmoded botanical concepts. He
continued to see botany from a medical standpoint. In fact, his first publication was a
catalogue of the plants of his Ohio county, with notes on their medicinal value.
Immediately upon leaving the Survey in 1853, Bigelow joined the Whipple Pacific
Railroad expedition for a two-year opportunity to collect plants from Arkansas to
California. When that ended he devoted the rest of his long and active life to medicine.
In his honor, Asa Gray named the genus Bigelovia of Compositae (the aster family).
Clematis bigelovii, Aster bigelovii, Linosyris bigelovii and Senecio bigelovii, among many other
new plants, were named for him.

George Thurber
The medical connection also extends to George Thurber (1821-1878), whose
introduction to botany came in his studies of pharmacology. After a pharmacist's
apprenticeship, he became a lecturer on chemistry (Rusby 1890, p. 208). Botany soon
became a passion with him, and he eagerly seized the opportunity to become associated
with the Survey as Botanist, Quartermaster and Commissary. For four years he traveled
with the Survey, collecting plants chiefly in New Mexico and Sonora as a member of
“the scientific brain trust of the Border Commission” (Wallace 1955, p. 82).
Thurber discovered Robinia neomexicana, the New Mexico Locust, which he
recognized as a desirable addition to ornamental shrubs. Indeed, this lovely flowering
three is now a prominent garden plant in Southwestern landscapes.
Near the copper mines he discovered a particularly striking dark red cinquefoil that
Gray named after him: Potentilla thurberi. His botanical specialty was Gramineae, the
grass family, and in his honor the English botanist George Bentham named a genus of
grass, Thurberia.
When the survey was completed, Thurber returned east to become Editor of
American agriculturist, a position he held until the end of his working life. In this
capacity he devoted a considerable portion of his time and effort to the exposure of
business and professional frauds. H. H. Rusby called him “a terror to quacks, charlatans,
and swindlers of every description” (Rusby 1890, p. 208).

Charles Wright
Charles Wright (1811-1885), on the other hand, was not schooled in medicine.
Indeed he emphatically stated he was “no doctor or son of a doctor and neither have
nor wish any handle to my name but plain Mr.” (Dupree 1959, p. 165). Graduating with
a liberal arts degree from Yale, be accepted the position of tutor to the children of a
wealthy Mississippi planter. When his employer's business failed, Wright went to east

48
Texas where he supported himself by surveying and teaching. At the same time he
collected plants for Asa Gray and soon became the distinguished botanist's most trusted
collector in the Southwest.
When the United States Survey Team was organized, Gray tried unsuccessfully to
name Wright the official Botanist. Eventually he raised funds for Wright to travel with
the military across Texas to San Antonio. Wright traveled by ship to Galveston, then
overland to El Paso with the Army. Despite Gray's arrangement with the Secretary of
War, the Army afforded Wright only free transportation for his collections. Wright had
to walk the 700 miles from San Antonio to E1 Paso.
His funds being limited, food was a problem. He wrote, “I may have to join some
of the messes of the privates unless some of the officers should take a liking to me as . .
it may diminish my expenses" (Geiser 1937, p. 239). But the officers seemed to look
upon Wright as an odd character. He complained that they would be pleased if his
collections were sunk in the river and their load would be lightened” (Geiser 1937, p.
243).
Later he was appointed Assistant Computer, “with a compensation of five hundred
dollars per annum and one ration per day,” a “comfortable maintainance [sic]”
according to Gray (Geiser 1937, p. 245). In July 1851, Wright left El Paso with Colonel
James D. Graham and traveled to Santa Rita del Cobre, near present-day Silver City. On
this mission to catch up with the elusive Bartlett, they covered a large area of New
Mexico and Sonora, with Wright collecting plants along the way (Shaw 1987).
In the fall of 1852 he delivered his extensive cactus collection to Dr George T.
Engelmann in St. Louis and then took the remainder of his specimens to Dr. Asa Gray
(Geiser 1937, p. 245). Engelmann dedicated a cactus to Wright, Opuntia wrightii, that
“bears a name which is forever inseparably completed with the botany of our southern
boundary” (Engelmann 1859, p. 60).

The Report
The specimens collected by the “small but esoteric brain trust of species-mongering
scientists” accompanying Bartlett (Wallace 1955, p. 82) were identified and published by
Torrey in “The Botany of the Mexican Boundary,” which is published in volume 2, part
1, of the Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. The publication of
the botanical material did not run a smooth course. The botanists generally worked well
together, but a glimpse of the jockeying for position among the botanists is apparent in
a letter from Torrey to Gray: “The commission has left it to themselves to settle the
question of botanical ranks but Bigelow [who, at the age of 46, was the oldest of the
botanists] writes to Thurber as his assistant. Thurber says he will not play second fiddle
to such a poor stick” (Waller 1942, p. 325).

49
 They had no problems until Wright's plants, which he had sent as arranged to Gray,
were published in the appendix to Gray's Plantae Wrightianae. In April 1853, Bigelow
received a copy of Plantae Wrightianae and immediately wrote to Gray: “[Y]ou & Mr
Wright have anticipated me in the publication of 30 or 40 new species. . . . I went to the copper mines
about the middle of April 1851; he did not come until the following July. And Mr Wright may
recollect that Mr Thurber gave me the right to collect in that neighborhood?!! [Underlined in
original] . . . All I claim is the simple negative merit of not being anticipated in credit by
one engaged in the same expedition with me” (Bigelow 1853, p. 1).
Bigelow also laid out his complaint to Emory: “I have been completely fleeced and
see not how I am to get relief except you . . . are able to give it to me” (Bigelow 1853. p.
2). Bigelow suggested that all the plants collected along the border be published in one
place so that due credit would be ensured to all who contributed, even “the humble
collector who undergoes much fatigue & privation as well as danger . . . for, if we
cannot make the music, we are necessary in raising the wind so essential in successfully
playing the organ of fame” (Rodgers 1942, p. 225).
Emory then strongly protested to Torrey the separate publication of Wright's
material on the grounds that Wright “was liberally paid” and “provided with all the
means of collecting and the express condition was that the Boundary Survey should be
credited with all the work” (Emory 1853, p. 1).
He announced to Torrey: “I desire you will at once withdraw from Dr Gray all the
collections placed in his hands by Wright and if necessary commence a legal process to
recover them” (Emory 1853, p. 1). But the furor died down, for there was no way to
“unpublish” descriptions of plants. The rest of the plants were sent to Torrey to be
described in the official government report.
Meanwhile, Torrey was receiving a steady stream of Southwest plants. By 1856,
with Emory's pressure to finish, Torrey was feeling “buried” in the plant material and
asked Gray to help with the Compositae and Scrophulariaceae (the aster and
snapdragon families) and Engelmann to describe the Euphorbiaceae and Cactaceae (the
spurge and cactus families).
C. C. Parry's contribution to the Report, besides making a superb collection of
plants, was to write the introduction, which is a description of the agricultural capacities
of the region. In his opinion the potential for farming was severely limited by the low
rainfall.
Altogether, the “Botany of the Mexican Boundary” contains over 2,000 species, of
which 235 were new to science. Torrey's monumental systematic account of the general
botany, with 61 plates, constitutes the greatest part of the volume, which is completed
by Engelmann's “Cactaceae of the Boundary,” describing 92 species, of which 40 were
new, with 75 plates.

50
 Thorough, precise, and admirably illustrated, the report documents for the first
time the unique botany of the borderlands. No less an authority than Asa Gray ranked it
“as the most important publication of the kind that has ever appeared” (Gray, A., 1860,
p. 292).

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank the following for their help: Josephs Ewan, Nesta Ewan, and Martha Riley of the
Missouri Botanical Garden; Judith Warnement of the Library of the Gray Herbarium; Bill Grace of the
National Archives; Anita Karg of the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation; Leona Schonfeld of the
Huntington Library; and William H. Dodson. The research was partially funded by University of New Mexico
RAC grants.

References

Bailey, J. W. 1850?. Memorandum to Lieut. H. Wager Halleck. U.S. West Point, N.Y. Unites States National
Archive, Washington. D.C., General Information Index, Scientific collections, RG94.
Bigelow, J. M. 1853. Letter to Asa Gray. Lancaster, Ohio. 19 April 1853. Archives, Gray Herbarium, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Mass.
Dickermann, C. 1985. Mid-nineteenth-century botanical exploration in New Medico. New Mexico Hist. Rev.
60(2): 151-171.
Dodson, C. 1987. Early botanical exploration in New Mexico. In: Proceedings of the Southwestern Native
Plant Symposium. 18-19 June 1987. Albuquerque. N. Mex. Pp. 18-21.
Dupree. A. H. 1959. Asa Gray. Cambridge, Mass.
Emory. W. H. 1853. Letter to John Torrey. Washington. 28 Sept. 1853. Archives, New York Botanical
Garden, Bronx, N.Y.
Emory. W. H. 1857. Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. Vol. 1. Washington. Part 1.
Engelmann G. 1859. Cactaceae of the Boundary. In: W. H. Emory. 1857. Report on the United States and
Mexican boundary survey. Vol. 2. Washington. Part 2.
Ewan, J. 1950. Rocky Mountain naturalist. Denver.
Geiser, W. W. 1937. Naturalists of the frontier. Dallas.
Goetzmann, W. H. 1958. The United States-Mexican Boundary Survey, 1848-1853. Southwest. Hist. Quart.
62(2): 164-190.
Goetzmann, W. H. 1959. Army exploration in the American West 1803-1863. New Haven. Graham, J.D.
1852. Boundary Line between the United States and Mexico. 32nd Cong., 1st Sess. Sen. Ex. Doc. 121.
Gray. A. 1860. The Botany of the Mexican Boundary. [Review.] Amer. J. Sci. Arts 28: 291-292.
Gray, A. B. 1854. Report and map, relative to the Mexican Boundary. 33rd Cong., 2nd Sess. Doc. 55.
Hewitt, H. P. 1990. The Mexican Boundary Survey Team: Pedro García Conde in California. W. Hist. Quart.
21(2): 171-196.
Hine, R. V. 1968, Bartlett's West: Drawing the Mexican Boundary. New Haven.
McKelvey, S. D. 1955. Botanical exploration of the TransMississippi West. Jamaica Plain.
Parry, C. C. 1878. Botanical collection. Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci. 2: 279-282.
Rodgers, A. D., III. 1942. John Torrey: A story of North American botany. Princeton.
Ruby, H. H. 1890. A biographical sketch of Dr. George Thurber. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 17(8): 204-210.
Shaw E. A. 1987. Chides Wright on the Boundary. 1849-1852. Westport, Conn.
Wallace, E. S. 1955. The great reconnaissance. Boston.
Waller, A. E. 1942. Dr. John Milton Bigelow. 18041878, an early Ohio physician- botanist. Ohio Archaeol.
Hist. Quart. 51(4): 313-331.

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PACIFIC RAILROAD SURVEYS (1853-1855)
[Adapted from the National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology:
“Government Expeditions.” Available online at http://vertebrates.si.edu/fishes/baird/expeds.html]

By the middle of the 19th century, the United States spanned the entire width of
the North American continent from Atlantic to Pacific, but the only ways to get from
one coast to the other were by ship or by arduous horse or wagon travel through deserts
and mountains. The discovery of gold in California further stimulated westward traffic
and only heightened the need for a faster and more convenient way to bring the far-
flung parts of the country together. In 1853 Congress commissioned the Army's
Topographic Bureau to conduct a series of surveys to find a suitable route for a
transcontinental railroad. There were six major expeditions; five of them covered the
area between the Great Plains and California, Oregon, and Washington, and the sixth
explored the coastal states of California and Oregon. All of these expeditions were
accompanied by naturalists and were provided, through the Smithsonian, with
equipment and instructions for collecting. The northern survey, commanded by Isaac I.
Stevens [emphasis added, here and following], governor of Washington Territory,
explored roughly along the 47th parallel between St. Paul, Minnesota and Puget Sound
on the Pacific coast. J.G. Cooper, G. Gibbs, and George Suckley served as naturalists.
Another expedition, under the command of Capt. J. W. Gunnison, surveyed a central
route along the 38th, 39th, and 41st parallels, through what is now Kansas, Colorado,
Utah, and Nevada. The third expedition, under the command of Lt. A. W. Whipple,
followed the 35th parallel from Fort Smith, Arizona to the Mojave Desert in southern
California. Naturalists included J.M. Bigelow, J. Marcou, and Caleb Kennerly. The
southern route followed the 32nd parallel and was covered by two expeditions, both of
which passed through southern New Mexico: one under J. Pope went from the Rio
Grande to the Red River, and the other, under Lt. J. G. Parke, worked between the Rio
Grande and the Colorado River. Another expedition under the command of R.S.
Williamson and H.L. Abbott surveyed the area between the Sacramento Valley in
California and the Columbia River, Oregon. The route that was finally selected for the
railroad largely followed the 38th parallel, but the decision was mainly political.
The commanders of these expeditions are honored in the eponymy of New Mexico
plants: Nama stevensii, Quercus gunnisonii, Ipomopsis gunnisonii, Calochortus gunnisonii,
Cylindropuntia whipplei, Penstemon whippleanus, Ammoselinum popei, and Phacelia popei.
Further information about Whipple’s route through New Mexico and the correct
localities of some New Mexico types collected by Bigelow can be found in Sivinski
(2003).
From a scientific viewpoint, the Railroad expeditions were a monumental
accomplishment. Not only had the new western territories been explored and mapped,
but the geology and biology were sampled more extensively than by previous

52
expeditions. The success was due largely to the Smithsonian Institution, which supplied
the equipment used by the collectors, and which received the material when the
expeditions returned from the field. These specimens formed a major part of the
Smithsonian's growing collections and formed the basis for the description of many
new species.

E.O. WOOTON

The preeminent botanist in the history of New Mexico is undoubtedly Elmer Ottis
Wooton. Born in Kokomo, Indiana, on 18 September 1865, and educated at Earlham
College, Wooton came to New Mexico at the inauguration of the New Mexico College
of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (now New Mexico State University) at Las Cruces in
1890. For the next 20 years he traversed New Mexico Territory collecting plants,
making notes on the vegetation, reporting on livestock management practices, and
compiling the necessary plant data for the first manual of New Mexico plants, “Flora of
New Mexico,” published in 1915 with P.C. Standley. This handbook stood for 65 years
as the only guide to New Mexico botany.
At the fledgling college, Wooton taught classes in bacteriology, biology, botany,
chemistry, geology, mineralogy, physics, physiology, and zoology. Nearly every student
who matriculated at the college took a class or two from Wooton. According to P.C.
Standley, one of his students who went on to a distinguished botanical career of his
own, Wooton was “a born teacher, [and] possessed an extraordinary talent for lucid and
practical instruction that held the interest of a student” (Standley 1947).
Wooton began his botanical activities almost immediately, beginning field work in
1890, according to his field books in the archives of New Mexico State University. In
1892 he collected 1500 or so specimens on a trip to the Grand Canyon. In 1897 he sold
duplicates of his collections in the White Mountains (nearly 5000 sheets), which
included 70 taxa new to science. Most of this work was done during the summer, when
classes were out, and this became the pattern for most of the subsequent summers in
New Mexico. Of course, his numerous collections contributed to the development of
the college herbarium. Beginning with nothing in 1890, he accumulated 13,000 sheets by
1901, 18,000 by 1905, 25,000 by 1908, and 35,000 by 1911, Wooton’s last year at the
college. The exchange records of the herbarium show an ambitious program of plant
exchange with most of the notables of his day: Abrams, Baker, Britton, Deam, Garrett,
Eastwood, Greene, Griffiths, Heller, Hitchcock, Jones, McKenzie, Nelson, Rose,
Rydberg, Shreve, Thornber, Tracy, and Vasey.
The botanical efforts of Wooton were aided by able student assistants. Two in
particular stand out: Orrick Baylor Metcalfe and Paul Carpenter Standley. Metcalfe,
from the Silver City or Mimbres area, completed both bachelor’s and master’s degrees

53
under Wooton’s tutelage, and made an extensive collection of plants from the Black
Range during the years 1902-1904. The grass Muhlenbergia metcalfei M.E. Jones was
named from this collection.
Standley came to New Mexico in fall 1905, transferring from a college in
Springfield, Missouri. He graduated two years later, writing his senior thesis on “A
statistical study of Echinocereus polyacanthus Engelm. and its nearest allies.” Standley
continued his studies for a master’s degree, investigating the Allionaceae for his thesis
work, and was employed for a short time in the Biology Department as an assistant
professor. He was Wooton’s most eminent student and became one of the foremost
botanists of the 20th century.
With Standley, Wooton produced his opus magnum, the “Flora of New Mexico,”
in 1915. Basically, the work was an annotated listing, with keys, of the 2903 species of
vascular plants then known from the state. The “Flora” was the culmination of
Wooton’s 20-year study of New Mexico plants. It was an epic contribution, from which
all subsequent works have emanated.
During the course of his botanical work, Wooton named 231 new species and one
new genus of plants, most from his own collections and in collaboration with Standley.
All but 49 were described in a single paper preparatory to the publication of the “Flora”
(Wooton & Standley 1913). More than 60% of his taxa are still recognized, though
perhaps not at the same rank or in the same combination.
E.O. Wooton left New Mexico in 1911, when he accepted a job with the Office of
Farm Management, Department of Agriculture. With the move eastward, his systematic
work essentially ended. He was then 47 years old and had spent the previous two
decades of his life botanizing and studying the plant life of New Mexico. He returned
periodically to visit the college and friends, and to conduct business for the Department
of Agriculture. In 1932, New Mexico State College conferred upon him the honorary
degree of Doctor of Sciences. Ten years after his retirement from the Office of Farm
Management in 1935, Elmer Ottis Wooton died on 20 November 1945, and was buried
in Arlington Cemetery, Virginia. Standley (1947) recalled, “I believe that Professor
Wooton in his late years looked back to his early days in what was then truly Wild West
as the happiest time of his life. New Mexico, despite some sterner phases, has a peculiar
fascination, based upon its beautiful mountains and plains, its vast vistas, its romantic
history, and its varied population, to which many people have succumbed. It is a local
saying that whoever lives three years in New Mexico never leaves, or regrets it ever
afterward if he does. ... Professor Wooton is held today in affectionate remembrance by
hundreds of former students and other friends, who will not forget his infinite patience,
his kindness, his shrewd advice, his keen interest in scientific progress, and his
gentleness except when his sense of justice was violated.”

54
 SPECIALIZED PLANT DATA

SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN

Up-to-date and accurate information about the rare and endangered plants of New
Mexico is readily available, thanks to the efforts of the New Mexico Rare Plant
Technical Council, who compile and distribute online information about these plants
(New Mexico Rare Plant Technical Council 1999). They include photos, distribution
maps, descriptions, and the current status for various agencies. The information below
is taken from their site.
* These plants do not meet the criteria for rarity of the New Mexico Rare Plant Council, but do have rarity
status with one or more agencies.
C = species of Concern
E = Endangered species
S = Sensitive species
T = Threatened species
Taxon USFWS State of USFS BLM
NM
1. Abronia bigelovii C C S -
2. Abronia bolackii C C - -
3. *Adenophyllum wrightii var. wrightii C - S -
4. Agastache cana C C - -
5. Agastache pringlei var. verticillata C C - -
6. Aliciella formosa C E - S
7. Allium gooddingii C E S -
8. Amsonia fugatei C C - S
9. Amsonia tharpii C E - S
10. Zigadenus elegans C C S -
11. Anulocaulis leiosolenus var. gypsogenus C C - -
12. Anulocaulis leiosolenus var. howardii C C - -
13. Aquilegia chaplinei C C S -
14. Argemone pleiacantha subsp. pinnatisecta E E E S
15. Aclepias sanjuanensis C C - -
16. *Aclepias uncialis subsp. uncialis C - S -
17. Arida blephariphylla C C - S
18. Astragalus altus C C S -
19. Astragalus castetteri C C - -
20. Astragalus chuskanus C C S2? -
21. Astragalus cliffordii C C - -
22. Astragalus cobrensis var. maguirei C C S -
23. Astragalus cottamii C C - -
24. Astragalus cyaneus C C - -
25. Astragalus feensis C C - -
26. Astragalus gypsodes C C - -
27. Astragalus heilii C C - -
28. Astragalus humillimus E E - -
29. Astragalus humistratus var. crispulus C C S -
30. Astragalus kerrii C C S S
31. Astragalus knightii C C - S
32. Astragalus micromerius C C S -
33. Astragalus missouriensis var. accumbens C C S -
34. Astragalus missouriensis var. humistratus C C S -
35. Astragalus naturitensis C C - -
36. Astragalus neomexicanus C C - -
37. Astragalus nutriosensis C C - -

55
Taxon USFWS State of USFS BLM
NM
38. Astragalus oocalycis C C - -
39. Astragalus puniceus var. gertrudis C C - -
40. Astragalus ripleyi C C S S
41. Astragalus siliceus C C - -
42. Astragalus wittmannii C C S -
43. Atriplex griffithsii C C - S
44. Brickellia chenopodina C C - -
45. Calochortus gunnisonii var. perpulcher C C S -
46. *Carex ultra C - S -
47. Castilleja organorum C C - S
48. Castilleja ornata C C - S
49. Chaetopappa hersheyi C C - -
50. Cirsium vinaceum T E T S
51. Cirsium wrightii C E S -
52. Cleome multicaulis C E - S
53. Crataegus wootoniana C C S -
54. Cuscuta fasciculata C C - -
55. Cuscuta warneri C C - -
56. Cymopterus davidsonii C C S -
57. *Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens C E S -
58. Dalea scariosa C C - S
59. Delphinium alpestre C C S -
60. Delphinium novomexicanum C C - -
61. Delphinium robustum C C S -
62. Delphinium sapellonis C C - -
63. Desmodium metcalfei C C S -
64. Draba mogollonica C C - -
65. Draba standleyi C C - S
66. Echinocereus fendleri var. kuenzleri E E E S
67. Ephedra coryi C C - -
68. Ericameria nauseosa var. texensis C C S S
69. Erigeron acomanus C C - S
70. Erigeron hessii C E S -
71. Erigeron rhizomatus T E T S
72. Erigeron rybius C C - -
73. Erigeron scopulinus C C - S
74. Erigeron sivinskii C C S S
75. Erigeron subglaber C C S -
76. Eriogonum aliquantum C C - -
77. *Eriogonum capillare C - - S
78. Eriogonum gypsophilum T E - S
79. Eriogonum lachnogynum var. colobum C C - -
80. Eriogonum lachnogynum var. sarahiae C C - -
81. Eriogonum wootonii C C - -
82. Escobaria duncanii C E - S
83. Escobaria guadalupensis C C - -
84. Escobaria orcuttii C C - -
85. Escobaria organensis C E - S
86. Escobaria sandbergii C C - S
87. Escobaria sneedii var. leei T E - S
88. Escobaria sneedii var. sneedii E E - S
89. Escobaria villardii C E S S
90. Grindelia arizonica var. neomexicana C C - -
91. Hackelia hirsuta C C - -
92. Hedeoma apiculata C C - -
93. Hedeoma pulcherrima C C - -
94. Hedeoma todsenii E E E S
95. Helianthus arizonensis C C S -
96. Helianthus paradoxus T E - S

56
Taxon USFWS State of USFS BLM
NM
97. Helianthus praetermissus C C - -
98. Heuchera pulchella C C S -
99. Heuchera wootonii C C - -
100. Hexalectris nitida C E - S
101. Hexalectris spicata var. arizonica C E S S
102. *Hexalectris spicata var. spicata C E - -
103. Hieracium brevipilum C C S -
104. Hymenoxys ambigens var. neomexicana C C S -
105. Hymenoxys brachyactis C C S -
106. Hymenoxys vaseyi C C - -
107. Ionactis elegans C C S -
108. Ipomopsis sancti-spiritus E E E -
109. Justicia wrightii C C - S
110. Lepidospartum burgessii C E - S
111. *Lilium philadelphicum C E S -
112. Limosella pubiflora C C S S
113. Lorandersonia microcephala C C S -
114. Lupinus sierrae-blancae C C - -
115. Mammillaria wrightii var. wilcoxii C E - -
116. Mentzelia conspicua C C S -
117. Mentzelia humilis var. guadalupensis C C - -
118. Mentzelia springeri C C S -
119. Mentzelia todiltoensis C C - -
120. Muhlenbergia arsenei C C - -
121. Muhlenbergia villiflora var. villosa C C - S
122. Nama xylopodum C C - -
123. Oenothera organensis C C - S
124. Opuntia arenaria C E - S
125. Opuntia viridiflora C E - S
126. Packera cardamine C C S -
127. Packera spellenbergii C C S -
128. Panicum mohavense C C - -
129. Pediomelum pentaphyllum C E S S
130. Peniocereus greggii var. greggii C E - S
131. Penstemon alamosensis C C S S
132. Penstemon cardinalis subsp. cardinalis C C S -
133. Penstemon cardinalis subsp. regalis C C S -
134. Penstemon linarioides subsp. maguirei C C S -
135. Penstemon metcalfei C C S -
136. Penstemon neomexicanus C C - -
137. Penstemon pseudoparvus C C S -
138. Perityle cernua C C - S
139. Perityle quinqueflora C C - -
140. Perityle staurophylla var. homoflora C C - -
141. Perityle staurophylla var. staurophylla C C - S
142. Phacelia serrata C C - S
143. Phacelia sivinskii C C - -
144. Phemeranthus humilis C C S S
145. Philadelphus microphyllus var. argyrocalyx C C - -
146. Phlox caryophylla C C - -
147. Phlox cluteana C C - -
148. Physaria aurea C C - -
149. Physaria gooddingii C C - -
150. Physaria lata C C - -
151. Physaria navajoensis C C - -
152. Physaria newberryi var. yesicola C C - -
153. Physaria pruinosa C C - -
154. Polygala rimulicola var. mescalerorum C E - S
155. Polygala rimulicola var. rimulicola C C - -

57
Taxon USFWS State of USFS BLM
NM
156. Potentilla sierrae-blancae C C S -
157. Proatriplex pleiantha C C - -
158. *Proboscidea sabulosa C - - S
159. Puccinellia parishii C E S S
160. Ribes mescalerium C C - -
161. Rumex tomentellus C C - -
162. Salix arizonica C C S -
163. Salvia summa C C - -
164. Sclerocactus cloveriae subsp. brackii C E - S
165. Sclerocactus mesae-verdae T E - S
166. Scrophularia laevis C C - S
167. Scrophularia macrantha C C S S
168. Sedum integrifolium subsp. neomexicanum C C S -
169. Senecio sacramentanus C C - -
170. Sibara grisea C C - S
171. Silene plankii C C - S
172. Silene thurberi C C - -
173. Silene wrightii C C - S
174. Sophora gypsophila var. guadalupensis C C S S
175. Sphaeralcea procera C C - S
176. Sphaeralcea wrightii C C - -
177. *Spiranthes magnicamporum C E - -
178. Stellaria porsildii C C S -
179. Streptanthus sparsiflorus C C S -
180. Synthyris oblongifolia C C S -
181. Talinum brachypodium C C - -
182. Toumeya papyracantha C - - S
183. Townsendia gypsophila C C - S
184. Trifolium longipes subsp. neurophyllum C C S -
185. Valeriana texana C C - -

ENDEMIC PLANTS OF NEW MEXICO

[Note: Statistical information here has not been updated, and may be incorrect.]
New Mexico is home to 140 endemic plant taxa, distributed among 30 plant families.
Only two families have more than seven endemic species: Asteraceae with 20, and
Fabaceae with 17. Oddly, the Poaceae lacks any species endemic to New Mexico, even
though it is the second largest family in the state. New Mexico endemics are listed
below:
Agavaceae 7. Grindelia arizonica Gray var. neomexicana
1. Yucca baileyi Wooton & Standley var. (Wooton & Standley) Nesom
intermedia (McKelvey) Reveal 8. Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var.
Apocynaceae sierrablancensis Semple
1. Amsonia fugatei S.P. McLaughlin 9. Hymenoxys ambigens (S.F. Blake) Bierner
Asclepiadaceae var. neomexicana Wagner
1. Asclepias sanjuanensis Heil, Porter, & Welsh 10. Hymenoxys brachyactis Wooton & Standley
Asteraceae 11. Ionactis elegans (Soreng & Spellenberg)
1. Brickellia chenopodina (Greene) Robinson Nesom
2. Cirsium vinaceum (Wooton & Standley) 12. Lorandersonia microcephala (Cronquist)
Wooton & Standley Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig
3. Erigeron acomanus Spellenberg & Knight 13. Packera cynthioides (Greene) W.A. Weber &
4. Erigeron hessii Nesom A. Löve
5. Erigeron rybius Nesom 14. Packera sanguisorboides (Rydberg) W.A.
6. Erigeron subglaber Cronquist Weber & A. Löve
15. Perityle cernua (Greene) Shinners

58
 16. Perityle staurophylla (Barneby) Shinners var.
homoflora Todsen
17. Perityle staurophylla (Barneby) Shinners var.
staurophylla
18. Senecio sacramentanus Wooton & Standley
19. Tetradymia filifolia Greene
20. Townsendia gypsophila Lowrey & Knight
Boraginaceae
1. Hackelia hirsuta (Wooton & Standley) I.M.
Johnston
Brassicaceae
1. Boechera villosa Windham & Al-Shebaz
2. Physaria aurea (Wooton) O’Kane & Al-
Shehbaz
3. Physaria lata (Wooton & Standley)
O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
4. Physaria newberryi A. Gray var. yesicola
Sivinski
5. Thelypodiopsis vaseyi (S. Watson ex
Robinson) Rollins
Cactaceae
1. Grusonia clavata (Engelmann) H. Robinson
2. Pediocactus knowltonii L. Benson
3. Sclerocactus cloveriae Heil & Porter subsp.
brackii Heil & Porter
Caryophyllaceae
1. Silene scouleri Hooker var. grisea C.L.
Hitchcock & Maguire
2. Silene wrightii Gray
Cuscutaceae
1. Cuscuta fasciculata Yuncker
Crassulaceae
1. Sedum integrifolium (Rafinesque) A. Nelson
subsp. neomexicanum (Britton) Clausen
Fabaceae
1. Astragalus altus Wooton & Standley
2. Astragalus castetteri Barneby
3. Astragalus cliffordii Welsh & Atwood
4. Astragalus cyaneus Gray
5. Astragalus feensis M.E. Jones
6. Astragalus heilii Welsh & Atwood
7. Astragalus kentrophyta Gray var.
neomexicanus (Barneby) Barneby
8. Astragalus kerrii Knight & Cully
9. Astragalus knightii Barneby
10. Astragalus micromerius Barneby
11. Astragalus missouriensis Nuttall var.
accumbens (Sheldon) Isely
12. Astragalus missouriensis Nuttall var. mimetes
Barneby
13. Astragalus mollissimus Torrey var. matthewsii
(S. Watson) Barneby
14. Astragalus neomexicanus Wooton &
Standley
15. Astragalus puniceus Osterhout var. gertrudis
(Greene) Barneby
16. Astragalus siliceus Barneby
17. Astragalus wittmannii Barneby
18. Dalea scariosa S. Watson
19. Lupinus sierrae-blancae Wooton & Standley
Hydrangeaceae
1. Philadelphus microphyllus Gray subsp.
argyrocalyx (Wooton) C.L. Hitchcock
Hydrangeaceae
1. Phacelia cloudcroftensis N.D. Atwood
2. Phacelia sivinskii Atwood, Knight &
Lowrey
Lamiaceae
1. Agastache pallidiflora (Heller) Rydberg
subsp. neomexicana (Briquet) Lint &
Epling var. neomexicana (Briquet) R.
Sanders
2. Agastache pringlei (Briquet) Lint & Epling
var. verticillata (Wooton & Standley) R.
Sanders
3. Hedeoma pulcherrima Wooton & Standley
4. Hedeoma todsenii Irving
5. Monarda humilis (Torrey) Prather & Keith
Liliaceae
1. Calochortus gunnisonii S. Watson var.
perpulcher Cockerell
Loasaceae
1. Mentzelia conspicua T.K. Todsen
2. Mentzelia humilis (Gray) J. Darlington var.
guadalupensis Spellenb.
3. Mentzelia perennis Wooton
4. Mentzelia springeri (Standley) Tidestrom
5. Mentzelia todiltoensis Atwood & Welsh
Malvaceae
1. Sphaeralcea procera Porter
Melanthiaceae
1. Anticlea mogollonensis (Hess & Sivinski)
Zomlefer & Judd
Nyctaginaceae
1. Abronia bigelovii Heimerl
2. Abronia bolackii Atwood, Welsh, & Heil
3. Anulocaulis leiosolenus (Torrey) Standley
var. howardii Spellenberg & T. Wootten
Onagraceae
1. Oenothera organensis Munz
Orobanchaceae
1. Castilleja organorum Standley
Papaveraceae
1. Argemone pleiacantha Greene subsp.
pinnatisecta G. Ownbey
Plantaginaceae
1. Penstemon cardinalis Wooton & Standley
subsp. cardinalis
2. Penstemon crandallii A. Nelson subsp.
glabrescens (Pennell) Keck var. taosensis
(Keck) Nisbet & Jackson
3. Penstemon inflatus Crosswhite
4. Penstemon neomexicanus Wooton & Standley
5. Penstemon pseudoparvus Crosswhite
6. Synthyris oblongifolia (Pennell) Hufford &
McMahon
Polemoniaceae
1. Aliciella formosa (Greene ex Brand) J.M.
Porter
2. Ipomopsis sancti-spiritus Wilken & Fletcher
Polygalaceae
1. Polygala rimulicola Steyermark var.
mescalerorum Wendt & Todsen
59
Polygonaceae
1. Eriogonum aliquantum Reveal
2. Eriogonum gypsophilum Wooton & Standley
3. Eriogonum lachnogynum Torrey ex Bentham
var. colobum Reveal & Clifford
4. Eriogonum lonchophyllum Torrey & Gray
var. nudicaule (Torrey) Reveal
5. Eriogonum wootonii (Reveal) Reveal
6. Rumex tomentellus K.H. Rechinger
Ranunculaceae
1. Delphinium novomexicanum Wooton
2. Delphinium sapellonis Cockerell
Rosaceae
1. Crataegus wootoniana Eggleston
2. Potentilla sierrae-blancae Wooton & Standley
Saxifragaceae
1. Heuchera pulchella Wooton & Standley
2. Heuchera wootonii Rydberg
3. Heuchera woodsiaphila P.J. Alexander
Scrophulariaceae
1. Scrophularia laevis Wooton & Standley
2. Scrophularia macrantha Greene ex
Stiefelhagen
3. Scrophularia montana Wooton
Solanaceae
1. Physalis virginiana Miller var. campaniforma
Waterfall

EXOTIC PLANTS IN NEW MEXICO

[Note: Statistical information has not been updated here, and my be incorrect.]
In 2001, George Cox presented an insightful and useful accounting of the exotic plants
of New Mexico, wherein he reported 390 exotic plant species in the state [Cox, G.W. 2001.
An inventory and analysis of the alien plant flora of New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 17:1-7.]. At this printing,

we report 455 species of exotics, an increase of 16% in a few short years. The families
with the most exotic species continue to be Poaceae (123), Asteraceae (52), Brassicaceae
(51), Fabaceae (33), and Chenopodiaceae (20). Exotic plants constitute about 12% of
the total flora. Alien species present in New Mexico are listed below, arranged by
family.
Amaranthaceae 1. Acroptilon repens (Linnaeus) A.P. de
1. Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson Candolle
2. Amaranthus caudatus Linnaeus 2. Anthemis cotula Linnaeus
3. Amaranthus cruentus Linnaeus 3. Arctium minus (Hill) Bernhardi
4. Amaranthus hybridus Linnaeus 4. Artemisia biennis Willdenow
5. Amaranthus hypochondriacus Linnaeus 5. Calyptocarpus vialis Lessing
6. Amaranthus retroflexus Linnaeus 6. Carduus acanthoides Linnaeus
7. Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moquin- 7. Carduus nutans Linnaeus
Tandon) J.D. Saur 8. Carthamus tinctorius Linnaeus
Apiaceae 9. Centaurea calcitrapa Linnaeus
1. Apium graveolens Linnaeus 10. Centaurea cyanus Linnaeus
2. Carum carvi Linnaeus 11. Centaurea diffusa Lamarck
3. Conium maculatum Linnaeus 12. Centaurea melitensis Linnaeus
4. Coriandrum sativum Linnaeus 13. Centaurea solstitialis Linnaeus
5. Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Persoon) 14. Centaurea stoebe Linnaeus
Sprague ex Britton & Wilson 15. Cichorium intybus Linnaeus
6. Daucus carota Linnaeus 16. Cirsium arvense (Linnaeus) Scopoli
7. Foeniculum vulgare Miller 17. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore
8. Levisticum officinale Koch 18. Conyza bonariensis (Linnaeus) Cronquist
9. Pastinaca sativa Linnaeus 19. Conyza canadensis (Linnaeus) Cronquist
10. Torilis arvensis (Hudson) Link 20. Cosmos bipinnatus Cavanilles
Apocynaceae 21. Cotula australis (Siebold ex Sprengel)
1. Vinca major Linnaeus Hooker f.
Asparagaceae 22. Eclipta prostrata (Linnaeus) Linnaeus
1. Asparagus officinalis Linnaeus 23. Galinsoga parviflora Cavanilles
Asphodelaceae 24. Gazania linearis (Thunberg) Druce
1. Asphodelus fistulosus Linnaeus 25. Hedypnois cretica (Linnaeus) Dumortier
26. Hypochaeris radicata Linnaeus
Asteraceae 27. Lactuca saligna Linnaeus

60
 28. Lactuca sativa Linnaeus
29. Lactuca serriola Linnaeus
30. Lapsana communis Linnaeus
31. Leontodon saxatilis Lamarck
32. Leucanthemum vulgare Lamarck
33. Matricaria discoidea A.P. de Candolle
34. Onopordum acanthium Linnaeus
35. Pentzia incana (Thunberg) O.
Kuntze
36. Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum
(Linnaeus) Hilliard & Burtt
37. Scorzonera laciniata Linnaeus
38. Senecio vulgaris Linnaeus
39. Silphium integrifolium Michaux
40. Silphium laciniatum Linnaeus
41. Silybum marianum (Linnaeus)
Gaertner
42. Sonchus arvensis Linnaeus
43. Sonchus asper (Linnaeus) Hill
44. Sonchus oleraceus Linnaeus
45. Sonchus uliginosus Bieberstein
46. Tanacetum vulgare Linnaeus
47. Taraxacum erythrospermum
Andrzejowski ex Besser
48. Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex
F.H. Wiggers
49. Tragopogon dubius Scopoli
50. Tragopogon porrifolius Linnaeus
51. Tragopogon pratensis Linnaeus
52. Xanthium spinosum Linnaeus
Berberidaceae
1. Berberis vulgaris Linnaeus
Bignoniaceae
1. Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Warder ex
Engelmann
Boraginaceae
1. Cynoglossum officinale Linnaeus
2. Lappula squarrosa (Retzius)
Dumortier
3. Myosotis scorpioides Linnaeus
4. Symphytum officinale Linnaeus
Brassicaceae
1. Alyssum alyssoides (Linnaeus)
Linnaeus
2. Alyssum desertorum Stapf
3. Alyssum simplex Rudolphi
4. Arabidopsis thaliana (Linnaeus)
Heynhold
5. Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertner
6. Barbarea orthoceras Ledebour
7. Barbarea vulgaris R. Brown
8. Berteroa incana (Linnaeus) A.P. de
Candolle
9. Brassica juncea (Linnaeus) Cosson
10. Brassica napus Linnaeus
11. Brassica nigra (Linnaeus) Koch
12. Brassica rapa Linnaeus
13. Brassica tournefortii Gouan
14. Camelina microcarpa Andrzejowski
15. Camelina rumelica Velenovsky
16. Camelina sativa (Linnaeus) Crantz
17. Capsella bursa-pastoris (Linnaeus)
Medikus
18. Cardamine hirsuta Linnaeus
19. Chorispora tenella (Pallas) A.P. de
Candolle
20. Conringia orientalis (Linnaeus) Dumort
21. Descurainia sophia (Linnaeus) Webb ex
Prantl
22. Diplotaxis muralis (Linnaeus) A.P. de
Candolle
23. Diplotaxis tenuifolia (Linnaeus) A.P. de
Candolle
24. Eruca vesicaria (Linnaeus) Cavanilles
25. Erysimum cheiranthoides Linnaeus
26. Erysimum repandum Linnaeus
27. Hesperis matronalis
28. Hornungia procumbens (Linnaeus) Hayek
29. Iberis umbellata Linnaeus
30. Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus
31. Lepidium appelianum Al-Shehbaz
32. Lepidium campestre (Linnaeus) R.Brown
33. Lepidium chalepense Linnaeus
34. Lepidium didymum Linnaeus
35. Lepidium draba Linnaeus
36. Lepidium latifolium Linnaeus
37. Lepidium perfoliatum Linnaeus
38. Lobularia maritima (Linnaeus) Desvaux
39. Malcolmia africana (Linnaeus) R. Brown
40. Matthiola longipetala (Ventenat) A.P. de
Candolle
41. Nasturtium microphyllum Boehmer ex
Reichenbach
42. Nasturtium officinale R.Brown
43. Raphanus raphanistrum Linnaeus
44. Raphanus sativus Linnaeus
45. Rapistrum rugosum (Linnaeus) Allioni
46. Rorippa sylvestris (Linnaeus) Besser
47. Sinapis alba Linnaeus
48. Sinapis arvensis Linnaeus
49. Sisymbrium altissimum Linnaeus
50. Sisymbrium irio Linnaeus
51. Sisymbrium loeselii Linnaeus
52. Sisymbrium officinale (Linnaeus) Scopoli
53. Sisymbrium orientale Linnaeus
54. Thlaspi arvense Linnaeus
Cactaceae
1. Opuntia ficus-indica (Linnaeus) Miller
Campanulaceae
1. Campanula rapunculoides Linnaeus
Cannabaceae
1. Cannabis sativa Linnaeus
2. Celtis occidentalis Linnaeus
Caprifoliaceae
1. Dipsacus fullonum Linnaeus
2. Lonicera bella Zabel
3. Lonicera japonica Thunberg
4. Lonicera tatarica Linnaeus
Caryophyllaceae
1. Agrostemma githago Linnaeus
2. Arenaria serpyllifolia Linnaeus
3. Cerastium fontanum Baumgarten
4. Cerastium glomeratum Thuiller
61
 5. Dianthus armeria Linnaeus
6. Gypsophila scorzonerifolia Seringe
7. Saponaria officinalis Linnaeus
8. Silene noctiflora Linnaeus
9. Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
10. Spergularia media (Linnaeus) Presl
11. Spergularia rubra (Linnaeus) Presl
12. Stellaria media (Linnaeus) Cyrillo
13. Vaccaria hispanica (Miller) Rauschert
Chenopodiaceae
1. Atriplex hortensis Moquin-Tandon
2. Atriplex micrantha Ledebour
3. Atriplex rosea Linnaeus
4. Atriplex semibaccata R. Brown
5. Bassia hyssopifolia (Pallas) Kuntze
6. Chenopodium album Linnaeus
7. Chenopodium capitatum (Linnaeus)
Ambrosi
8. Chenopodium foliosum (Moench)
Ascherson
9. Chenopodium glaucum Linnaeus
10. Chenopodium hircinum Schrader
11. Chenopodium murale Linnaeus
12. Chenopodium rubrum Linnaeus
13. Dysphania ambrosioides (Linnaeus)
Mosyakin & Clemants
14. Dysphania botrys (Linnaeus)
Mosyakin & Clemants
15. Halogeton glomeratus (Bieberstein) C.
A. Meyer
16. Kochia prostrata (Linnaeus) Schrader
17. Kochia scoparia (Linnaeus) Roth
18. Salsola collina P.S. Pallas
19. Salsola paulsenii Litvinov
20. Salsola tragus Linnaeus
Cleomaceae
1. Cleomella obtusifolia Torrey &
Fremont
Convolvulaceae
1. Convolvulus arvensis Linnaeus
2. Ipomoea hederacea Jacquin
3. Ipomoea purpurea (Linnaeus) Roth
4. Cuscuta approximata Babington
5. Cuscuta epithymum Linnaeus
Cucurbitaceae
1. Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg)
Matsumura & Nakai
2. Cucumis melo Linnaeus
3. Cucurbita pepo Linnaeus
4. Momordica balsamina Linnaeus
Cyperaceae
1. Cyperus rotundus Linnaeus
Elaeagnaceae
1. Elaeagnus angustifolia Linnaeus
Euphorbiaceae
1. Euphorbia esula Linnaeus
2. Euphorbia myrsinites Linnaeus
3. Euphorbia peplus Linnaeus
Fabaceae
1. Alhagi maurorum Medikus
2. Astragalus cicer Linnaeus
3. Astragalus miser Douglas
62
4. Caesalpinia gilliesii (Hooker) Wallich ex
D. Dietrich
5. Caragana arborescens Linnaeus
6. Colutea arborescens Linnaeus
7. Coronilla varia Linnaeus
8. Desmanthus leptolobus Torrey & Gray
9. Gleditsia triacanthos Linnaeus
10. Lathyrus hirsutus Linnaeus
11. Lathyrus latifolius Linnaeus
12. Lathyrus venosus Muhlenberg ex
Willdenow
13. Lotus corniculatus Linnaeus
14. Medicago lupulina Linnaeus
15. Medicago polymorpha Linnaeus
16. Medicago sativa Linnaeus
17. Melilotus albus Medikus
18. Melilotus indicus (Linnaeus) Allioni
19. Melilotus officinalis (Linnaeus) Pallas
20. Mimosa quadrivalvis Linnaeus
21. Onobrychis viciifolia Scopoli
22. Parkinsonia aculeata Linnaeus
23. Robinia hispida Linnaeus
24. Robinia pseudo-acacia Linnaeus
25. Sphaerophysa salsula (Pallas) A.P. de
Candolle
26. Strophostyles helvula (Linnaeus) Elliott
27. Trifolium campestre Schreber
28. Trifolium fragiferum Linnaeus
29. Trifolium hybridum Linnaeus
30. Trifolium pratense Linnaeus
31. Trifolium repens Linnaeus
32. Vicia sativa Linnaeus
33. Vicia villosa Roth
Gentianaceae
1. Sabatia angularis (Linnaeus) Pursh
Geraniaceae
1. Erodium cicutarium (Linnaeus) L'Héretier
ex Aiton
Haloragaceae
1. Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vellozo)
Verdcourt
2. Myriophyllum spicatum Linnaeus
Hydrocharitaceae
1. Egeria densa Planchon
Iridaceae
1. Iris pseudacorus Linnaeus
Lamiaceae
1. Lamium amplexicaule Linnaeus
2. Leonurus cardiaca Linnaeus
3. Marrubium vulgare Linnaeus
4. Mentha ×rotundifolia (Linnaeus) Hudson
5. Mentha spicata Linnaeus
6. Nepeta cataria Linnaeus
7. Salvia pratensis Linnaeus
8. Scutellaria galericulata Linnaeus
9. Vitex agnus-castus Linnaeus
Linaceae
1. Linum usitatissimum Linnaeus
Lythraceae
1. Lythrum salicaria Linnaeus
Malvaceae
1. Abutilon theophrasti Medikus
 2. Alcea rosea Linnaeus 18. Bothriochloa bladhii (Retzius) S.T. Blake
3. Hibiscus trionum Linnaeus 19. Bothriochloa ischaemum (Linnaeus) Keng
4. Malva crispa (Linnaeus) Linnaeus 20. Briza maxima Linnaeus
5. Malva neglecta Wallroth 21. Briza minor Linnaeus
6. Malva parviflora Linnaeus 22. Bromus briziformis Fischer & Meyer
7. Malva sylvestris Linnaeus 23. Bromus catharticus Vahl
8. Sida abutifolia Miller 24. Bromus diandrus Roth
Meliaceae 25. Bromus hordeaceus Linnaeus
1. Melia azedarach Linnaeus 26. Bromus inermis Leysser
27. Bromus japonicus Thunberg ex Murray
Molluginaceae 28. Bromus rubens Linnaeus
1. Mollugo cerviana (Linnaeus) Seringe 29. Bromus secalinus Linnaeus
Moraceae 30. Bromus sterilis Linnaeus
1. Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) 31. Bromus tectorum Linnaeus
Schneider 32. Catapodium rigidum (Linnaeus) C.E.
2. Morus alba Linnaeus Hubbard ex Dony
Nymphaeaceae 33. Cenchrus echinatus Linnaeus
1. Nymphaea mexicana Zuccarini 34. Chloris submutica Kunth
2. Nymphaea odorata Aiton 35. Chloris virgata Swartz
Oleaceae 36. Crypsis alopecuroides (Piller &
1. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall Mitterpacher) Schrader
2. Ligustrum vulgare Linnaeus 37. Crypsis schoenoides (Linnaeus) Lamarck
3. Syringa vulgaris Linnaeus 38. Cynodon dactylon (Linnaeus) Persoon
Orchidaceae 39. Cynosurus echinatus Linnaeus
1. Epipactis helleborine (Linnaeus) 40. Dactylis glomerata Linnaeus
Crantz 41. Dactyloctenium aegyptium (Linnaeus)
Papaveraceae Willdenow
1. Papaver rhoeas Linnaeus 42. Deschampsia danthonioides (Trinius)
2. Papaver somniferum Linnaeus Munro ex Bentham
Plantaginaceae 43. Digitaria ciliaris (Retzius) Koeler
1. Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus 44. Digitaria eriantha Steudel
2. Linaria dalmatica (Linnaeus) Miller 45. Digitaria ischaemum (Schreber) Schreber
3. Linaria vulgaris Hill ex Muhlenberg
4. Penstemon cobaea Nuttall 46. Digitaria sanguinalis (Linnaeus) Scopoli
5. Plantago lanceolata Linnaeus 47. Echinochloa colonum (Linnaeus) Link
6. Plantago major Linnaeus 48. Echinochloa crus-galli (Linnaeus) Beauvois
7. Veronica anagallis-aquatica Linnaeus 49. Echinochloa muricata (Beauvois) Fernald
8. Veronica arvensis Linnaeus 50. Eleusine indica (Linnaeus) Gaertner
9. Veronica persica Poiret 51. Elymus elongatus (Host) Runemark
10. Veronica serpyllifolia Linnaeus 52. Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Melderis
Poaceae 53. Elymus hystrix Linnaeus
1. Aegilops cylindrica Host 54. Elymus repens (Linnaeus) Gould
2. Agropyron cristatum (Linnaeus) 55. Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau
Gaertner 56. Eragrostis cilianensis (Allioni) Lutati ex
3. Agropyron fragile (Roth) P. Candargy Janchen
4. Agrostis gigantea Roth 57. Eragrostis curvula (Schrader) Nees
5. Agrostis stolonifera Linnaeus 58. Eragrostis frankii C.A. Meyer ex Steudel
6. Aira elegans Willdenow ex Kunth 59. Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees
7. Alopecurus geniculatus Linnaeus 60. Eragrostis superba Peyritsch
8. Alopecurus myosuroides Hudson 61. Eremopyrum triticeum (Gaertner) Nevski
9. Alopecurus pratensis Linnaeus 62. Festuca arundinacea Schreber
10. Anthoxanthum odoratum Linnaeus 63. Festuca pratensis Hudson
11. Apera interrupta (Linnaeus) 64. Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina
Beauvois 65. Hackelochloa granularis (Linnaeus) Kuntze
12. Aristida oligantha Michaux 66. Holcus lanatus Linnaeus
13. Arrhenatherum elatius (Linnaeus) 67. Hordeum arizonicum Covas
Beauvois ex J. & C. Presl 68. Hordeum murinum Linnaeus
14. Arundo donax Linnaeus 69. Hordeum vulgare Linnaeus
15. Avena barbata Pott ex Link 70. Lagurus ovatus Linnaeus
16. Avena fatua Linnaeus 71. Leymus racemosus (Lamarck) Tzvelev
17. Avena sativa Linnaeus 72. Lolium perenne Linnaeus
73. Lolium temulentum Linnaeus

63
74. Melinis repens (Willdenow) Zizka
75. Panicum amarum Elliott
76. Panicum antidotale Retzius
77. Panicum coloratum Linnaeus
78. Panicum dichotomiflorum Michaux
79. Panicum hians Elliott
80. Panicum miliaceum Linnaeus
81. Paspalum dilatatum Poiret
82. Pennisetum ciliare (Linnaeus) Link
83. Pennisetum villosum R. Brown ex
Fresenius
84. Pennisetum setaceum (Forsskål)
Chiovenda
85. Phalaris angusta Nees ex Trinius
86. Phalaris canariensis Linnaeus
87. Phalaris minor Retzius
88. Phleum pratense Linnaeus
89. Phragmites australis (Cavanilles)
Trinius ex Steudel
90. Poa pratensis Linnaeus
91. Poa annua Linnaeus
92. Poa arachnifera Torrey
93. Poa bulbosa Linnaeus
94. Poa compressa Linnaeus
95. Poa trivialis Linnaeus
96. Polypogon interruptus Kunth
97. Polypogon maritimus Willdenow
98. Polypogon monspeliensis (Linnaeus)
Desfontaines
99. Polypogon viridis (Gouan)
Breistroffer
100. Psathyrostachys juncea (Fischer)
Nevski
101. Puccinellia distans (Jacquin)
Parlatore
102. Saccharum ravennae (Linnaeus)
Linnaeus
103. Schismus arabicus Nees
104. Schismus barbatus (Loefling ex
Linnaeus) Thellung
105. Sclerochloa dura (Linnaeus)
Beauvois
106. Secale cereale Linnaeus
107. Setaria adhaerens (Forsskål)
Chiovenda
108. Setaria italica (Linnaeus) Beauvois
109. Setaria magna Grisebach
110. Setaria pumila (Poiret) Roemer &
Schultes
111. Setaria verticillata (Linnaeus)
Beauvois
112. Setaria viridis (Linnaeus) Beauvois
113. Sorghum bicolor (Linnaeus)
Moench
114. Sorghum halepense (Linnaeus)
Persoon
115. Sporobolus neglectus Nash
116. Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torrey ex
Gray) Wood
117. Tragus berteronianus Schultes
64
118. Tridens eragrostoides (Vasey & Scribner)
Nash
119. Tridens flavus (Linnaeus) A.S.
Hitchcock
120. ×Triticosecale
121. Triticum aestivum Linnaeus
122. Urochloa panicoides Beauvois
123. Vulpia bromoides (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray
124. Vulpia myuros (Linnaeus) C.C. Gmelin
Polemoniaceae
1. Gilia capitata Sims
Polygonaceae
2. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench
3. Fallopia baldschuanica (Regel) Holub
4. Fallopia convolvulus (Linnaeus) A. Löve
5. Persicaria lapathifolia (Linnaeus) Gray
6. Persicaria maculosa Gray
7. Polygonum arenastrum Jordan ex Boreau
8. Polygonum argyrocoleon Steudel ex Kunze
9. Polygonum aviculare Linnaeus
10. Rumex acetosella Linnaeus
11. Rumex crispus Linnaeus
12. Rumex obtusifolius Linnaeus
13. Rumex patientia Linnaeus
14. Rumex pulcher Linnaeus
Portulacaceae
1. Portulaca grandiflora Hooker
2. Portulaca oleracea Linnaeus
3. Talinum fruticosum (Linnaeus) Willdenow
Potamogetonaceae
1. Potamogeton crispus Linnaeus
Primulaceae
1. Centunculus minimus Linnaeus
2. Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus
Ranunculaceae
1. Clematis orientalis Linnaeus
2. Consolida ajacis (Linnaeus) Schur
3. Ranunculus repens Linaeus
4. Ranunculus testiculatus Crantz
Rosaceae
1. Malus pumila P. Miller
2. Potentilla recta
3. Prunus armeniaca Linnaeus
4. Prunus avium Linnaeus
5. Prunus cerasus Linnaeus
6. Prunus persica (Linnaeus) Batsch
7. Pyracantha coccinea Roemer
8. Pyrus communis Linnaeus
9. Rosa ×harisonii Rivers
10. Rosa multiflora Thunberg ex Murray
11. Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees
12. Sanguisorba minor Scopoli
Rubiaceae
1. Galium aparine Linnaeus
Salicaceae
1. Populus alba Linnaeus
2. Populus nigra Linnaeus
3. Salix babylonica Linnaeus
4. Salix fragilis Linnaeus
Salviniaceae
1. Salvinia minima Baker
Scrophulariaceae
1. Verbascum blattaria Linnaeus
2. Verbascum thapsus Linnaeus
3. Verbascum virgatum Stokes
Simaroubaceae
1. Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle
Solanaceae
1. Calibrachoa parviflora (Jussieu)
D'Arcy
2. Datura ceratocaula Ortega
3. Datura inoxia P. Miller
4. Datura quercifolia Kunth
5. Datura stramonium Linnaeus
6. Hyoscyamus niger Linnaeus
7. Lycium barbarum Linnaeus
8. Nicotiana glauca Graham
9. Physalis ixocarpa Brotero ex
Hornemann
10. Solanum carolinense Linnaeus
11. Solanum dimidiatum Rafinesque
12. Solanum dulcamara Linnaeus
13. Solanum nigrum Linnaeus
14. Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner
15. Solanum triflorum Nuttall
Tamaricaceae
1. Tamarix chinensis Loureiro
2. Tamarix gallica Linnaeus
3. Tamarix parviflora A.P. de Candolle
Typhaceae
1. Typha angustifolia Linnaeus
Ulmaceae
1. Ulmus pumila Linnaeus
Urticaceae
1. Urtica urens Linnaeus
Verbenaceae
1. Glandularia pulchella (Sweet) Troncoso
2. Phyla nodiflora (Linnaeus) Greene
Zygophyllaceae
1. Peganum harmala Linnaeus
2. Tribulus terrestris Linnaeus
3. Zygophyllum fabago Linnaeus

NOXIOUS WEEDS OF NEW MEXICO [Lee 1999]

Class A: Exotic, with limited distribution within the state.

Class B: Exotic, known from more widespread areas in the state.
Class C: Exotic, widespread within the state.
Scientific Name Common Name State Status
1. Acroptilon repens Russian knapweed B
2. Aegilops cylindrica jointed goatgrass C
3. Alhagi maurorum Camelthorn A
4. Asphodelus fistulosus Onionweed A
5. Carduus nutans musk thistle B
6. Centaurea calcitrapa purple starthistle A
7. Centaurea diffusa diffuse knapweed A
8. Centaurea melitensis Malta starthistle B
9. Centaurea solstitialis yellow starthistle A
10. Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos spotted knapweed A
11. Cirsium arvense Canada thistle A
12. Cirsium vulgare bull thistle B
13. Conium maculatum poison hemlock B
14. Convolvulus arvensis field bindweed C
15. Dipsacus fullonum teasel B
16. Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive C
17. Euphorbia esula leafy spurge A
18. Halogeton glomeratus halogeton B
19. Hyoscyamus niger black henbane A
20. Isatis tinctoria dyer's woad A
21. Lepidium draba hoary cress A
22. Lepidium latifolium perennial pepperweed A
23. Linaria dalmatica Dalmatian toadflax A
24. Linaria vulgaris yellow toadflax A
25. Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife A
26. Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian watermilfoil A
27. Onopordum acanthium Scotch thistle A
28. Peganum harmala African rue B
29. Tamarix chinensis saltcedar C
30. Ulmus pumila Siberian elm C

65
STATE PLANT SYMBOLS

State Flower: Yucca, without designation of species.

State Tree: piñon pine (Pinus edulis).
State Grass: blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis).
State Vegetables: chile (Capsicum annuum) and frijoles (refried Phaseolus vulgaris).
State Question: “Red or green?” (If you have to ask, then you haven’t lived
long enough in The Land of Enchantment!)

66
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Many, many people have made this work possible. I have simply been the “keeper of
the list,” a compiler of the efforts of others. All the botanists of New Mexico, amateur
and professional, are the real authors of this small work, and I extend to you all my
earnest thanks and gratitude.
The first version of this work was compiled largely by Eric H. Roalson, while a
graduate student in Range Science at New Mexico State University. It was published in
1995 as “A Working Index of New Mexico Vascular Plant Names” (Roalson & Allred
1995). Eric’s tireless work was a great beginning to an endeavor that has continued from
that time to the present. Early-on, in an effort to keep up with accumulating corrections
and additions, several “supplements” to the Working Index were assembled and
distributed, but that soon became unmanageable, as the number of changes (some
major, some trivial) ran to the hundreds, and eventually, thousands. The Working Index
then was kept as an ever-changing word-processing document at the Range Science
Herbarium (NMCR) at New Mexico State University, with limited updated drafts
distributed at infrequent intervals and also posted on the internet (the last draft was
posted January 24, 2007).
I have been a faculty member at New Mexico State University since 1979, where I
have enjoyed a rich atmosphere of collegiality, encouragement, and support (both
financial and personal). Many thanks to friendly colleagues and helpful administrators in
the Department of Animal & Range Sciences, in the College of Agriculture & Home
Economics, and in the University as a whole.
Since 1995, the following graduate students participated in updates to the list by
finding errors, discussing problems, and collecting additions: Alice McSweeney,
Thomas Adams, Adam Forbes, Susannah Johnson Fulton, Ralph Fink, and Rob
Strahan. Their cheerful involvement is greatly appreciated.
Roger Peterson sent me frequent and plentiful corrections and additions through
many years. His help has been indispensable and very much valued.
Gene Jercinovic kindly read the introductory text, and called my attention to typos
and mis-spellings that had escaped my wearied eyes.
Bob Sivinski generously spent much precious time reading the entire manuscript,
and suggested numerous ways to improve the content.
Many thanks to Ken Boykin, New Mexico State University, for his expertise in
providing the maps.
Carolyn Dodson graciously allowed me to reprint her two excellent articles on the
history of New Mexico botany, which are used with permission from the publishers.
I happily acknowledge and give credit to the authors of two preceding manuals of
the flora of New Mexico: E.O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley for “Flora of New

67
Mexico” (1915), and William C. Martin and C. Robert Hutchins for “A Flora of New
Mexico” (1980, 1981). These works stand as monuments of accomplishment, from
which all succeeding botanical pursuits in New Mexico derive benefit, direction, and
inspiration.
This work, and all others like it, rests upon the raw data of vouchered plant
collections, which are assembled, maintained, managed, and made available by under-
staffed and under-funded curators, directors, and staff at all of the state’s herbaria. They
have been uniformly generous and helpful in allowing me access to their collections, in
sending me specimens for examination, and in putting up with my frequent requests to
“please check this label for me, just one more time!” I acknowledge and thank them all:
Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Herbarium (ALBU); Natural
History Museum Herbarium at Eastern New Mexico University; Biology Herbarium
(NMC) at New Mexico State University; Range Science Herbarium (NMCR) at New
Mexico State University; San Juan College Herbarium (SJNM); Dale A. Zimmerman
Herbarium (SNM) at Western New Mexico University; and University of New Mexico
Herbarium (UNM).
Many others have made contributions great and small, and I gratefully acknowledge
the help of each of the following:
Laurie Abbott Noel Holmgren
Patrick Alexander Patricia Holmgren
Brady Allred John Hubbard
Corby Allred Charles Huff
Jesse Allred Robert DeWitt Ivey
David Lee Anderson Stanley Jones
Daniel Austin John Kartesz
Mary Barkworth Chick Keller
David Bleakly Richard Lee
Jack Carter Tim Lowrey
Joneen Cockman Charlie McDonald
Travis Columbus James McGrath
George Cox Laird McIntosh
Robert Denham Curtis Monger
Gary Donart Roger Mongold
Robert Dorn Jane Mygatt
David Ferguson Guy Nesom
Chris Frazier William Norris
Paul Fryxell Steve O’Kane
Estevan Gallegos Bruce Parfitt
Betty Griffin Rex Pieper
Steve Hatch Donald Pinkava
Ken Heil Mark Porter
William Hess Linda Reeves

68
 Tim Reeves Gordon Tucker
James Reveal Billie Turner
Anthony Reznicek Stanley Welsh
S. Galen Smith Tom Wendt
Rob Soreng Michael Windham
Richard Spellenberg J Wipff
Victor Steinmann Richard Worthington
Charlotte Taylor Dale A. Zimmerman
Tom Todsen
Of course, any errors or omissions remaining in this work are solely my
responsibility, and surely would be greater if not for the help of all those named above.
Lastly, my sincere thanks and appreciation to my family: my parents, Wendell,
Norma, and Virginia, who supported my education and always pretended to be
interested in my botanical pursuits and publications; my sons Nathan, Jesse, Brady, and
Corby, who accompanied me on field trips far and wide, and who suggested a title for
this book, “The Big Boring Plant Book”; and my wife, Lynda, for her unfailing support,
patience, and encouragement.
Muchísimas gracias, děkuji vám, and merci beaucoup to all!

69
 PART II: THE ANNOTATED CHECKLIST
SCOPE

I HAVE ATTEMPTED TO INCLUDE in this checklist all the scientific names that
have been used for New Mexico vascular plants. These plants include the ferns
(Polypodiophyta) and fern allies (Equisetophyta and Lycopodiophyta), conifers
(Pinophyta), and flowering plants (Magnoliophyta). They do not include mosses
(Bryophyta) and relatives (Hepatophyta and Anthocerophyta), fungi, lichens, or algae.
Any and all vascular plant names that have been listed or referenced for New
Mexico are included in the checklist. Upon inspection, some of these turn out to be the
result of misidentifications, many are nomenclatural synonyms, some are errors in
application of the name, and the rest remain valid, accepted names for New Mexico
plants. All of these sorts of names should be found herein, with their current and
correct disposition. The checklist contains more than 10,000 such names.
Of course, a work such as this is forever unfinished. New plants continue to be
found within the state, old names are discovered in the literature, lost or forgotten
specimens reappear in herbaria, and taxonomic monographs and revisions alter our
concepts and nomenclature. All this contributes to an ever-corrected master list of
plant names for New Mexico, with the hope that the benefits from the improvements
overshadow the frustrations from the changes.
It is anticipated that future volumes (in preparation) of the FLORA NEOMEXICANA
series will include a glossary of the scientific epithets, an illustrated identification manual
of the vascular plants, and a treatment of the mosses of the state.

ORGANIZATION

For convenience of use, the annotated checklist is organized first by major groups, then
alphabetically by family, genus, and species within each group. The FERNS AND FERN
ALLIES will be found first, then the GYMNOSPERMS, then ending with the
ANGIOSPERMS, which are divided into DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS and
MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. Recent systematic studies of vascular plants have
reorganized and recircumscribed each of these higher categories, but I use them in the
traditional sense for practicality and efficiency. For families, genera, and species,
however, I have tried to incorporate (as I judged them conclusive and helpful) current
classifications and realignments.
Within each family, the checklist functions as an index, as follows:
• Accepted names for plants that occur in New Mexico are in bold-italic.

70
 • Synonyms are in italics, but not bolded, and in a slightly smaller font. The
current disposition of synonyms will be indicated by an = sign, and the
synonym will be repeated under the accepted name. When the accepted
name is not the basionym, I provide the basionym as one of the synonyms.
• Names that have been misapplied or names of plants that do not occur in
New Mexico or are unverified are in regular type (without emphasis, not
bolded nor in italics), and also in a slightly smaller font. Unverified or
misapplied names will be followed by a colon, then a note explaining the
particular situation for that name.
• Names of *exotic plants are preceded by an asterisk (*).
• Names of plants +endemic to New Mexico are preceded by a plus sign (+).
• Names of hybrid plants or hybrid populations that have been given formal
taxonomic status are preceded by an ×.
• Following each family name, the number of genera, species, and total taxa
will be given in [brackets].
• References that document the occurrence of a plant in New Mexico are in
[brackets] following the name. The complete bibliographic citation for
these references will be found listed beneath the genus and in the Literature
Cited section at the end. The following two works are baseline to all
subsequent efforts, and are abbreviated as follows:
o W&S = Wooton, E.O. & P.C. Standley. 1915. Flora of New Mexico.
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 19:1-794.
o M&H = Martin, W.C. & C.R. Hutchins. 1980, 1981. A Flora of New
Mexico. Vols. 1, 2. Vaduz, West Germany, J. Cramer. 1276 p.
An explanation of the use of ex and in is appropriate. When a publishing author of
a name ascribes the origin of the name to another person, that person may be cited after
the epithet, followed by ex, followed by the name of the publishing author. For
example, Humboldt & Bonpland coined the name Aristida divaricata for our poverty
threeawn, but never validly published the name. Willdenow adopted that name for the
same taxon, acknowledging Humboldt & Bonpland in his description. Hence, the full
citation of authorities is Aristida divaricata Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow. The
name may be shortened to Aristida divaricata Willdenow, and still be correct. Note that it
is the names before the ex that may be dropped, not the names after (this is counter-
intuitive for English speakers).
If a plant name is validly published by one author within a larger work of another,
then the term in may be used to explain the situation. For example, Englemann
described the cactus Cereus pectinatus within Gray’s Plantae Fendlerianae. Since Gray had no
involvement with the description of the name, the correct citation is Cereus pectinatus
Engelmann in Gray, or more simply, Cereus pectinatus Engelmann.

71
 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF THE FLORA

[omitted from this downloadable version]

72
 THE FLORA

FERNS AND FERN ALLIES ...............................................................................................73

GYMNOSPERMS .................................................................................................................82
ANGIOSPERMS
DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS...........................................................................86
MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS .................................................................462

FERNS AND FERN ALLIES

Dittmer, H.J., E.F. Castetter, & O.M. Clark. 1954. The ferns and fern allies of New Mexico. Univ. New Mexico Publ.
Biol. No. 6.

Family ASPLENIACEAE
Asplenium spleenwort
Alexander, P. 2006. Two ferns not occurring in New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 35:2. [Asplenium palmeri]
Bennert, W. & G. Fischer. 1993. Biosystematics and evolution of the Asplenium trichomanes complex. Webbia
48:743-760.
Wagner, W.H. Jr., R.C. Moran, C.R. Werth. 1993. Aspleniaceae, pp. 228-245. IN: Flora of North America, vol.2.
Oxford Univ. Press.
palmeri Maxon : Reported by M&H and Wagner & Moran (1993), but no validating specimens
have been located; awaits verification [Alexander 2006].
platyneuron (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg [M&H; Wagner & Moran 1993]
ebony spleenwort
resiliens Kunze [M&H; W&S; Wagner & Moran 1993]
black-stem spleenwort
septentrionale (Linnaeus) Hoffmann [M&H; W&S; Wagner & Moran 1993]
forked spleenwort
trichomanes Linnaeus [Bennert & Fischer 1993; M&H; W&S; Wagner & Moran 1993]
maidenhair spleenwort

Family ATHYRIACEAE = see DRYOPTERIDACEAE

Family AZOLLACEAE
Azolla mosquito-fern
Lumpkin, T.A. 1993. Azollaceae, pp. 338-342. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
caroliniana Willdenow : Reports in W&S apparently belong to Azolla mexicana Presl, though
Azolla caroliniana is known adjacent to NM near the Texas State line [Lumpkin 1993].
mexicana Schlechtendal & Chamisso ex C. Presl [Lumpkin 1993; M&H]
Mexican mosquito-fern

Family DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
Pteridium bracken-fern
Jacobs, C.A. & J.H. Peck. Pteridium, pp. 201-203. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
aquilinum (Linnaeus) Kuhn var. pubescens Underwood [Jacobs & Peck 1993; M&H; W&S]
bracken-fern

Family DRYOPTERIDACEAE
[Athyriaceae]
Athyrium lady-fern
Kato, M. 1993. Athyrium, pp. 255-258. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
filix-femina (Linnaeus) Roth ex Mertens var. californicum Butters [Kato 1993; M&H; W&S]
southwestern lady-fern

73
Cyrtomium auriculatum (Underwood) C.V. Morton = Phanerophlebia auriculata Underwood
Cystopteris bladder-fern
Haufler, C.H., R.C. Moran, & M.D. Windham. 1993. Cystopteris, pp. 263-270. IN: Flora of North
America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
Lellinger, D.B. 1985. A Field Manual of the Ferns & Fern-Allies of the United States & Canada. Smithsonian
Institution Press. 389 pp. [Cystopteris tenuis]
bulbifera (Linnaeus) Bernhardi [Haufler et al. 1993; M&H]
bulblet bladder-fern
fragilis (Linnaeus) Bernhardi [Haufler et al. 1993; M&H; W&S]
brittle bladder-fern
Filix fragilis (Linnaeus) Gilib
Polypodium fragilis Linnaeus
fragilis (Linnaeus) Bernhardi subsp. tenuifolia Clute = Cystopteris reevesiana Lellinger
reevesiana Lellinger [Haufler et al. 1993; M&H]
Reeves bladder-fern
Cystopteris fragilis (Linnaeus) Bernhardi subsp. tenuifolia Clute
tenuis (Michaux) Desvaux [Lellinger 1985]
slender bladder-fern
utahensis Windham & Haufler : Reported without documentation by Kartesz (1999); awaits
verification.
Dryopteris male-fern
Montgomery, J.D. & W.H. Wagner, Jr. 1993. Dryopteris, pp. 280-288. IN: Flora of North America, vol.
2. Oxford Univ. Press.
disjuncta (Ruprecht) Morton [=Gymnocarpium disjuncta (Ruprecht) Ching] : This name is
incorrectly listed as a synonym of Gymnocarpium dryopteris (Linnaeus) Newman
by M&H; the species is not known from NM [Montgomery & Wagner 1993].
linnaeana C. Christensen = Gymnocarpium dryopteris (Linnaeus) Newman
filix-mas (Linnaeus) Schott [M&H; Montgomery & Wagner 1993; W&S]
male-fern
Polypodium filix-mas Linnaeus
Filix fragilis (Linnaeus) Gilib = Cystopteris fragilis (Linnaeus) Bernhardi
Gymnocarpium oak-fern
Pryor, K.M. 1993. Gymnocarpium, pp. 258-260. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
dryopteris (Linnaeus) Newman [M&H; Pryor 1993]
northern oak-fern
Dryopteris linnaeana C. Christensen
Phanerophlebia veiny-fern
Yatskievych, G. 1993. Phanerophlebia, pp. 300-301. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
auriculata Underwood [M&H; W&S; Yatskievych 1993]
eared veiny-fern
Cyrtomium auriculatum (Underwood) C.V. Morton
Polypodium felix-mas Linnaeus = Dryopteris felix-mas (Linnaeus) Schott
fragilis Linnaeus = Cystopteris fragilis (Linnaeus) Bernhardi
Polystichum lonchitis (Linnaeus) Roth : Reported from northern NM by M&H, but Yatskievych (1993)
shows the nearest location in southeastern Arizona; needs verification.
Woodsia cliff-fern
Heil, K.D. & S.L. O'Kane, Jr. 2003. Catalog of the Four Corners flora: Vascular plants of the San Juan River drainage,
Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah. Harvard Papers in Botany 7(2):321-379. [Woodsia scopulina]
Windham, M.D. 1993. Woodsia, pp. 270-280. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
cathcartiana B.L. Robinson = Woodsia oregana D.C. Eaton subsp. cathcartiana (B.L. Robinson)
Windham
cochisensis Windham [Windham 1993]
Cochise cliff-fern
mexicana Fee sensu stricto : Not in NM; see Woodsia neomexicana Windham and Woodsia
phillipsii Windham.
neomexicana Windham [Windham 1993]
New Mexico cliff-fern
oregana D.C. Eaton subsp. cathcartiana (B.L. Robinson) Windham [M&H; Windham 1993]

74
 Oregon cliff-fern
Woodsia cathcartiana B.L. Robinson
phillipsii Windham [Windham 1993]
Phillip’s cliff-fern
plummerae Lemmon [M&H; W&S; Windham 1993]
Plummer’s cliff-fern
Woodsia pusilla E. Fournier var. glandulosa (Eaton & Faxon) Taylor
pusilla E. Fournier var. glandulosa (Eaton & Faxon) Taylor = Woodsia plummerae Lemmon
scopulina D. C. Eaton : Reported for NM by Heil & O’Kane (2003) and M&H but not by Windham
(1993); needs verification.

Family EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum horsetail
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Equisetum nelsonii]
Hauke, R.L. 1993. Equisetaceae, pp. 76-84. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
Heil, K.D. & S.L. O'Kane, Jr. 2003. Catalog of the Four Corners flora: Vascular plants of the San Juan River drainage,
Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah. Harvard Papers in Botany 7(2):321-379. [Equisetum
variegatum]
arvense Linnaeus [Hauke 1993; M&H; W&S]
field horsetail
×ferrissii Clute [Hauke 1993]
Ferriss’s hybrid horsetail
hyemale Linnaeus subsp. affine (Engelmann) Calder & R.L. Taylor [Hauke 1993; M&H;
W&S]
rough horsetail
Equisetum hyemale Linnaeus var. affine (Engelmann) A.A. Eaton
Equisetum robustum A. Braun
hyemale Linnaeus var. affine (Engelmann) A.A. Eaton = Equisetum hyemale Linnaeus subsp. affine
(Engelmann) Calder & R.L. Taylor
kansanum Schaffner = Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun
laevigatum A. Braun [Hauke 1993; M&H; W&S]
smoth horsetail
Equisetum kansanum Schaffner
×nelsonii (A.A. Eaton) J.H. Schaffner [Hartman et al. 2006]
Nelson’s hybrid horsetail
pratense Ehrhart : Reported by Heil & O’Kane (2003), but this species is known from Canada and
the northeastern United States; needs verification.
robustum A. Braun = Equisetum hyemale Linnaeus subsp. affine (Engelmann) Calder & R.L. Taylor
variegatum Schleicher [Heil & O’Kane 2003]
variegated horsetail

Family ISOËTACEAE
Isoëtes quillwort
Taylor, W.C., N.T. Luebke, D.M. Britton, R.J. Hickey, & D.F. Brunton. 1993. Isoëtaceae, pp. 64-75. IN: Flora of
North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
bolanderi Engelmann [M&H; Taylor et al. 1993]
Bolander’s quillwort

Family LYCOPODIACEAE
Huperzia clubmoss
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, & C. Keller. 1995. Additions to the floras of Colorado and New Mexico. Phytologia
79(5):319-324. [Huperzia lucidula]
Wagner, W.H., Jr. & J.M. Beitel. 1993. Lycopodiaceae, pp. 18-37. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ.
Press.
lucidula (Michaux) Trevisan [Sivinski et al. 1995]
shining clubmoss
Lycopodium ground-pine

75
 Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, & C. Keller. 1995. Additions to the floras of Colorado and New Mexico. Phytologia
79(5):319-324. [Lycopodium clavatum]
Wagner, W.H., Jr. & J.M. Beitel. 1993. Lycopodiaceae, pp. 18-37. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ.
Press.
annotinum Linnaeus [M&H; Wagner & Beitel 1993]
stiff ground-pine
clavatum Linnaeus [Sivinski et al. 1995]
running ground-pine
lepidophyllum Hooker & Greville = Selaginella lepidophylla (Hooker & Greville) Spring

Family MARSILEACEAE
Marsilea pepperwort
Johnson, D.M. 1993. Marsileaceae, pp. 331-335. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
fournieri C. Christensen = Marsilea vestita Hooker & Greville
minuta Fournier = Marsilea vestita Hooker & Greville
mucronata A. Braun = Marsilea vestita Hooker & Greville
vestita Hooker & Greville [Johnson 1993; M&H; W&S]
hooked pepperwort
Marsilea fournieri C. Christensen
Marsilea minuta Fournier, not Linnaeus
Marsilea mucronata A. Braun

Family OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
Botrychium moonwort
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 37:7. [Botrychium campestre]
Isaacs, B. 1977. Native Plant Society of New Mexico News. Oct:1-2. [Botrychium lunaria]
Lellinger, D.B. 1985. A Field Manual of the Ferns & Fern-Allies of the United States & Canada. Smithsonian
Institution Press. 389 pp.
Spellenberg, R. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 29:7. [Botrychium echo]
Wagner, W.H., Jr. & F.S. Wagner. 1993. Ophioglossaceae, pp. 85-106. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford
Univ. Press.
campestre Wagner & Farrar [Heil 2007]
Iowa moonwort
echo W.H. Wagner [Spellenberg 2004]
mimic moonwort
lanceolatum (S.G. Gmelin) Ångström [Isaacs 1977; Wagner & Wagner 1993]
lance-leaf moonwort
Osmunda lanceolata S.G. Gmelin
lunaria (Linnaeus) Swartz [Isaacs 1977; Lellinger 1985]
common moonwort
Osmunda lunaria Linnaeus
matricariifolium A. Braun : Reported for NM by Spellenberg (1978), but the specimen in question is
now referred to Botrychium echo W.H. Wagner. Botrychium matricariifolium s.s.
occurs from Minnesota eastward [Spellenberg 2004; Wagner & Wagner 1993].
multifidum (S.G. Gmelin) Ruprecht subsp. coulteri (Underwood) Clausen : Reported as expected by
M&H; awaits verification.
simplex E. Hitchcock [Lellinger 1985; M&H]
least moonwort
virginianum (Linnaeus) Swartz [Wagner & Wagner 1993]
rattlesnake fern
Ophioglossum adder’s-tongue
Wagner, W.H., Jr. & F.S. Wagner. 1993. Ophioglossaceae, pp. 85-106. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford
Univ. Press.
engelmannii Prantl [Wagner & Wagner 1993]
Engelmann’s adder’s-tongue

Family OSMUNDACEAE
Whetstone, R.D. & T.A. Atkinson. 1993. Osmundaceae, pp. 107-109. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford
Univ. Press.

76
Osmunda cinnamomea Linnaeus : Reported as expected by M&H, but occurring from east Texas and
eastward [Whetstone & Atkinson 1993]; awaits verification.
lanceolata S.G. Gmelin = Botrychium lanceolatum (S.G. Gmelin) Ångström
lunaria Linnaeus = Botrychium lunaria (Linnaeus) Swartz

Family POLYPODIACEAE
Adiantum = see PTERIDACEAE
Asplenium = see ASPLENIACEAE
Athyrium = see DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Bommeria = see PTERIDACEAE
Cheilanthes = see PTERIDACEAE
Cryptogramma = see PTERIDACEAE
Cystopteris = see DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Dryopteris = see DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Gymnocarpium = see DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Notholaena = see PTERIDACEAE
Pellaea = see PTERIDACEAE
Phanerophlebia = see DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Pityrogramma = see PTERIDACEAE
Pleopeltis riograndense (T. Wendt) Andrews & Windham : Reported for NM by Kartesz (1999) without
documentation, perhaps based on Tidestrom & Kittell (1941), who reported
“western Texas to southeastern Arizona”; it has not yet been documented for NM
and awaits verification.
Polypodium thyssanolepis A. Braun ex Klotzsch
Polypodium polypody
Haufler, C.H., M.D. Windham, F.A. Lang, & S.A. Whitmore. 1993. Polypodium, pp. 315-323. IN: Flora of North
America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
filix-mas Linnaeus = Dryopteris filix-mas (Linnaeus) Schott
hesperium Maxon [Haufler et al. 1993; M&H; W&S]
western polypody
Polypodium vulgare Linnaeus var. columbianum Gilbert
saximontanum Windham [Haufler et al. 1993]
Rocky Mountain polypody
thyssanolepis A. Braun ex Klotzsch = Pleopeltis riograndense (T. Wendt) Andrews & Windham
vulgare Linnaeus var. columbianum Gilbert = Polypodium hesperium Maxon
Polystichum = see DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Pteridium = see DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
Woodsia = see DRYOPTERIDACEAE

Family PTERIDACEAE
Gastony, G.J. & D.R. Rollo. 1998. Cheilanthoid ferns (Pteridaceae: Cheilanthoideae) in the southwestern United
States and adjacent Mexico – a molecular phylogenetic reassessment of generic lines. Aliso 17(2):131-144.
Acrostichum bonariense Willdenow = Cheilanthes bonariensis (Willdenow) Proctor
sinuatum Lagasca ex Swartz = Astrolepis sinuata (Lagasca ex Swartz) D.M. Benham & Windham
subsp. sinuata
Adiantum maiden-hair
Paris, C.A. 1993. Adiantum, pp. 125-130. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
capillus-veneris Linnaeus [M&H; Paris 1993; W&S]
southern maiden-hair
Argyrochosma cloak-fern
Windham, M.D. 1993. Argyrochosma, pp. 171-174. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
fendleri (Kunze) Windham [M&H; W&S; Windham 1993]
Fendler’s cloakfern
Notholaena fendleri Kunze
Pellaea fendleri (Kunze) Prantl
incana (C. Presl) Windham [Windham 1993]
hairy cloakfern
limitanea (Maxon) Windham subsp. limitanea [M&H; Windham 1993]
southwestern cloakfern
77
 Notholaena limitanea Maxon
Pellaea limitanea (Maxon) Morton
limitanea (Maxon) Windham subsp. mexicana (Maxon) Windham [Windham 1993]
southwestern cloakfern
microphylla (Mettenius ex Kuhn) Windham [M&H; W&S; Windham 1993]
little-leaf cliffbrake
Pellaea microphylla Met. ex Kuhn
Pellaea pulchella sensu W&S
Astrolepis cloak-fern
Benham, D.M. & M.D. Windham. 1993. Astrolepis, pp. 140-143. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ.
Press.
cochisensis (Goodding) D.M. Benham & Windham subsp. chihuahuensis D.M. Benham
[Benham & Windham 1993]
jimmyfern
cochisensis (Goodding) D.M. Benham & Windham subsp. cochisensis [Benham & Windham
1993; M&H]
jimmyfern
Notholaena cochisensis Goodding
Notholaena sinuata (Lagasca) Kaulfuss var. cochisensis (Goodding) Weatherby
integerrima (Hooker) D.M. Benham & Windham [Benham & Windham 1993; M&H; W&S]
southwestern cloakfern
Notholaena sinuata (Lagasca) Kaulfuss var. integerrima Hooker
sinuata (Lagasca ex Swartz) D.M. Benham & Windham subsp. mexicana D.M. Benham
[Benham & Windham 1993]
wavy cloakfern
sinuata (Lagasca ex Swartz) D.M. Benham & Windham subsp. sinuata [Benham &
Windham 1993; M&H; W&S]
wavy cloakfern
Acrostichum sinuatum Lagasca ex Swartz
Notholaena sinuata (Lagasca ex Swartz) Kaulfuss
windhamii D.M. Benham [Benham & Windham 1993]
Windham’s cloakfern
Bommeria boomeria
Haufler, C.H. 1993. Bommeria, pp. 151-152. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
hispida (Mettenius ex Kuhn) Underwood [Haufler 1993; M&H; W&S]
hairy bommeria
Gymnopteris hispida (Mettenius) Underwood
Gymnogramma hispida Mettenius
Cheilanthes lipfern
Alexander, P. 2006. Two ferns not occurring in New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 35:2. [Cheilanthes
horridula]
Todsen, T.K. 1980. A report on the survey for rare plant species at the Bioresearch Ranch, central Peloncillo
Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico. New Mexico State Heritage Program, Department of Natural
Resources. [Cheilanthes pringlei]
Wagner, W.L. 1979. New records to the Animas Mountain flora, New Mexico. Southw. Naturalist 24(2):291-296.
[Cheilanthes pringlei]
Windham, M.D. & E.W. Rabe. 1993. Cheilanthes, pp. 152-169. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ.
Press.
aemula Maxon : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
alabamensis (Buckley) Kunze [M&H; Windham & Rabe 1993]
Alabama lipfern
Pteris alabamensis Buckley
bonariensis (Willdenow) Proctor [W&S; Windham & Rabe 1993]
slender lipfern
Acrostichum bonariense Willdenow
Notholaena aurea (Poiret) Desvaux
Notholaena bonariensis (Willdenow) C. Christensen
Pellaea ferruginea Nees
Pteris aurea Poiret

78
 eatonii Baker [M&H; W&S; Windham & Rabe 1993]
Eaton’s lipfern
feei T. Moore [M&H; W&S; Windham & Rabe 1993]
Fee’s lipfern
fendleri Hooker [M&H; W&S; Windham & Rabe 1993]
Fendler’s lipfern
grayi (Davenport) Domin = Notholaena grayi Davenport
horridula Maxon : Reported by M&H and W&S, but the locality of the only known specimen is
strongly questionable and presumed not to be from NM; awaits verification
[Alexander 2006].
Cheilanthes scabra C. Christensen
lindheimeri (J. Smith) Hooker [M&H; W&S; Windham & Rabe 1993]
fairy swords
myriophylla Desvaux = Cheilanthes villosa Davenport ex Maxon
pringlei Davenport [M&N; Todsen 1980; Wagner 1979] Note: Windham & Rabe (1993) restrict this species
to the Sonoran desert and regard these reports as misidentifications; specimens perhaps need
verification.
Pringle’s lipfern
scabra C. Christensen = Cheilanthes horridula Maxon
tomentosa Link [M&H; Windham & Rabe 1993]
wooly lipfern
villosa Davenport ex Maxon [M&H; W&S; Windham & Rabe 1993]
hairy lipfern
Cheilanthes myriophylla Desvaux
wootonii Maxon [M&H; Windham & Rabe 1993]
Wooton’s lipfern
wrightii Hooker [M&H; W&S; Windham & Rabe 1993]
Wright’s lipfern
yavapensis T. Reeves ex Windham [Windham & Rabe 1993]
graceful lipfern
Cryptogramma rockbrake
Alverson, E.R. 1993. Cryptogramma, pp. 137-139. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
acrostichoides R. Brown [Alverson 1993; M&H]
American rockbrake
Cryptogramma crispa (Linnaeus) R. Brown var. acrostichoides (R. Brown) C.B. Clarke
crispa (Linnaeus) R. Brown var. acrostichoides (R. Brown) C.B. Clarke = Cryptogramma
acrostichoides R. Brown
stelleri (S.G. Gmelin) Prantl : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
Gymnogramma hispida Mettenius = Bommeria hispida (Mettenius) Underwood
triangularis Kaulfuss = Pentagramma triangularis (Kaulfuss) Yatskievych, Windham, & E.
Wollenweber
Gymnopteris hispida (Mettenius) Underwood = Bommeria hispida (Mettenius) Underwood
Notholaena cloak-fern
Windham, M.D. 1993. Notholaena, pp. 143-149. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
aschenborniana Klotzsch : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
aurea (Poiret) Desvaux = Cheilanthes bonariensis (Willdenow) Proctor
bonariensis (Willdenow) C. Christensen = Cheilanthes bonariensis (Willdenow) Proctor
cochisensis Goodding = Astrolepis cochisensis (Goodding) D.M. Benham & Windham
dealbata (Pursh) Kunze [=Argyrochosma dealbata (Pursh) Windham] : Reported by W&S, but not
occurring in NM [M&H; Windham 1993].
fendleri Kunze = Argyrochosma fendleri (Kunze) Windham
grayi Davenport [Windham 1993]
Gray’s cloak-fern
Cheilanthes grayi (Davenport) Domin
hookeri D. C. Eaton = Notholaena standleyi Maxon
limitanea Maxon = Agryrochosma limitanea (Maxon) Windham

79
 sinuata (Lagasca) Kaulfuss var. cochisensis (Goodding) Weatherby = Astrolepis cochisensis
(Goodding) D.M. Benham & Windham subsp. cohisensis
sinuata (Lagasca) Kaulfuss var. integerrima Hooker = Astrolepis integerrima (Hooker) D.M.
Benham & Windham
sinuata (Lagasca ex Swartz) Kaulfuss var. sinuata = Astrolepis sinuata (Lagasca ex Swartz) D.M.
Benham & Windham subsp. sinuata
standleyi Maxon [M&H; W&S; Windham 1993]
Standley’s cloak-fern
Notholaena hookeri D. C. Eaton
Pellaea cliffbrake
Windham, M.D. 1993. Pellaea, pp. 175-186. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
atropurpurea (Linnaeus) Link [M&H; W&S; Windham 1993]
purple cliffbrake
Pteris atropurpurea Linnaeus
fendleri (Kunze) Prantl = Argyrochosma fendleri (Kunze) Windham
ferruginea Nees = Cheilanthes bonariensis (Willdenow) Proctor
glabella Mettenius ex Kuhn subsp. simplex (Butters) A. Löve & D. Löve [M&H; Windham
1993]
smooth cliffbrake
Pellaea glabella Mettenius ex Kuhn var. simplex Butters
Pellaea suksdorfiana Butters
intermedia Mettenius ex Kuhn [M&H; W&S; Windham 1993]
creeping cliffbrake
limitanea (Maxon) Morton = Argyrochosma limitanea (Maxon) Windham subsp. limitanea
longimucronata Hooker = Pellaea truncata Goodding
microphylla Met. ex Kuhn = Argyrochosma microphylla (Mettenius ex Kuhn) Windham
mucronata sensu W&S = Pellaea wrightiana Hooker
ovata (Desvaux) Weatherby : Reported for NM by Correll & Johnston (1970) and Tidestrom &
Kittell (1941), but excluded from NM by Windham (1993); needs verification.
pulchella sensu W&S = Argyrochosma microphylla (Mettenius ex Kuhn) Windham
scabra C. Christensen = Cheilanthes horridula Maxon
suksdorfiana Butters = Pellaea glabella Mettenius ex Kuhn subsp. simplex (Butters) A. Löve & D.
Löve
ternifolia sensu W&S = Pellaea wrightiana Hooker
truncata Goodding [M&H; Windham 1993]
spiny cliffbrake
Pellaea longimucronata Hooker
Pellaea wrightiana Hooker var. longimucronata (Hooker) Davenport
wrightiana Hooker [M&H; W&S; Windham 1993]
Wright cliffbrake
Pellaea ternifolia (Cavanilles) Link var. wrightiana (Hooker) Tryon
wrightiana Hooker var. longimucronata (Hooker) Davenport = Pellaea truncata Goodding
Pentagramma goldfern
Yatskievych, G. & M.D. Windham. 1993. Pentagramma, pp. 149-151. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford
Univ. Press.
triangularis (Kaulfuss) Yatskievych, Windham, & E. Wollenweber subsp. maxonii
(Weatherby) Yatskievych, Windham, & E. Wollenweber [M&H; Yatskievych
1993]
western goldfern
Gymnogramma triangularis Kaulfuss
Pityrogramma triangularis (Kaulfuss) Maxon
Pityrogramma triangularis (Kaulfuss) Maxon = Pentagramma triangularis (Kaulfuss) Yatskievych,
Windham, & E. Wollenweber subsp. maxonii (Weatherby) Yatskievych, Windham,
& E. Wollenweber
Pteris alabamensis Buckley = Cheilanthes alabamensis (Buckley) Kunze
atropurpurea Linnaeus = Pellaea atropurpurea (Linnaeus) Link
aurea Poiret = Cheilanthes bonariensis (Willdenow) Proctor

80
 Family SALVINIACEAE
Azolla = see AZOLLACEAE
Salvinia water-spangles
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Salvinia minima]
Nauman, C.E. 1993. Salviniaceae, pp. 336-337. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
*minima Baker [Allred 1999]
water-spangles

Family SELAGINELLACEAE
Selaginella spikemoss
Valdespino, I.A. 1993. Selaginellaceae, pp. 38-63. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
arizonica Maxon : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
densa Rydberg var. densa [Valdespino 1993; W&S]
dense spikemoss
densa Rydberg var. scopulorum (Maxon) R. Tryon = Selaginella scopulorum Maxon
fendleri Hieronymus (non Baker) = Selaginella underwoodii Hieronymus
lepidophylla (Hooker & Greville) Spring [M&H; Valdespino 1993]
resurrection plant, flower-of-stone
Lycopodium lepidophyllum Hooker & Greville
mutica D.C. Eaton ex Underwood var. limitanea Weatherby [M&H; Valdespino 1993]
blunt-leaf spikemoss
mutica D.C. Eaton ex Underwood var. mutica [M&H; Valdespino 1993; W&S]
blunt-leaf spikemoss
×neomexicana Maxon [M&H; Valdespino 1993]
New Mexico spikemoss
peruviana (Milde) Hieronymus [M&H; Valdespino 1993]
Peruvian spikemoss
Selaginella rupestris Linnaeus forma peruviana Milde
pilifera A. Braun [M&H; Valdespino 1993]
resurrection plant
Selaginella pringlei Baker
Selaginella pilifera A. Braun var. pringlei (Baker) Morton
pilifera A. Braun var. pringlei (Baker) Morton = Selaginella pilifera A. Braun
pringlei Baker = Selaginella pilifera A. Braun
rupestris Linnaeus forma peruviana Milde = Selaginella peruviana (Milde) Hieronymus
rupestris (Linnaeus) Spring var. rupincola (Underwood) Clute = Selaginella rupincola Underwood
rupincola Underwood [M&H; Valdespino 1993; W&S]
ledge spikemoss
Selaginella rupestris (Linnaeus) Spring var. rupincola (Underwood) Clute
scopulorum Maxon [M&H; Valdespino 1993]
Rocky Mountain spikemoss
Selaginella densa Rydberg var. scopulorum (Maxon) R. Tryon
underwoodii Hieronymus [M&H; Valdespino 1993; W&S]
Underwood’s spikemoss
Selaginella fendleri Hieronymus (non Baker)
weatherbiana R. Tryon [M&H; Valdespino 1993]
Weatherby spikemoss
wrightii Hieronymus [M&H; Valdespino 1993; W&S]
Wright’s spikemoss

81
 GYMNOSPERMS
Family CUPRESSACEAE
[Juniperaceae]
Watson, F.D. & J.E. Eckenwalder. 1993. Cupressaceae, pp. 399-422. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford
University Press.
Callitropsis arizonica (Greene) D.P. Little = Hesperocyparis arizonica (Greene) Bartel
Cupressus arizonica Greene = Hesperocyparis arizonica (Greene) Bartel
glabra Sudworth = Hesperocyparis glabra (Sudworth) Bartel
Hesperocyparis cypress
Adams, R.P., J.A. Bartel, & R.A. Price. 2009. A new genus, Hesperocyparis, for the cypresses of the western
hemisphere. Phytologia 91(1): 160-185.
Adams, R.P. & J.A. Bartel. 2009. Geographic variation in Hespercyparis (Cupressus) arizonica and H. glabra:
RAPDS analysis. Phytologia 91(1):244-250.
Little, D.P. 2006. Evolution and circumscription of the true cypresses (Cupressaceae: Cupressus). Syst. Bot.
31(3):461-480.
arizonica (Greene) Bartel [M&H; W&S; Watson 1993]
Arizona cypress
Callitropsis arizonica (Greene) D.P. Little
Cupressus arizonica Greene
Neocupressus arizonica (Greene) de Laubenfels
glabra (Sudworth) Bartel : Not known in the wild in NM.
Cupressus glabra Sudworth
Juniperus juniper
Adams, R.P. 1993. Juniperus, pp. 412-420. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
Adams, R.P. 1994. Geographic variation and systematics of monospermous Juniperus (Cupressaceae) from the
Chihuahua Desert based on RAPDs and terpenes. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 22(7):699-710.
Adams, R.P. 2008. Taxonomy of Juniperus communis in North America: Insight from variation in nrDNA SNPs.
Phytologia 90(2): 181-197.
Adams, R.P. & T.A. Zanoni. 1979. The distribution, synonymy, and taxonomy of three junipers of southwestern
United States and northern Mexico. Southw. Natural. 24(2):323-329.
ashei Buchholz : Reported by M&H, but not by Adams (1993); needs verification.
coahuilensis (Martinez) Gaussen ex R.P. Adams var. arizonica R.P. Adams [Adams 1994]
roseberry juniper
Juniperus erythrocarpa Cory var. coahuilensis Martinez
communis Linnaeus var. depressa Pursh [Adams 1993; M&H; W&S]
dwarf juniper
communis Linnaeus var. saxatilis Pallas [=Juniperus communis Linnaeus var. montana Aiton] :
Reported by M&H, but not known from NM [Adams 1993, 2008].
deppeana Steudel [Adams 1993; M&H; W&S]
alligator juniper
Juniperus pachyphloea Torrey
Juniperus deppeana Steudel var. pachyphloea (Torrey) Martinez
deppeana Steudel var. pachyphloea (Torrey) Martinez = Juniperus deppeana Steudel
erythrocarpa Cory = Juniperus pinchotii Sudworth
erythrocarpa Cory var. coahuilensis Martinez = Juniperus coahuilensis (Martinez) Gaussen ex R.P.
Adams var. arizonica R.P. Adams
gymnocarpa (Lemmon) Cory = Juniperus monosperma (Engelmann) Sargent
megalocarpa Sudworth = Juniperus osteosperma (Torrey) Little
mexicana Sprengel var. monosperma (Engelmann) Cory = Juniperus monosperma (Engelmann)
Sargent
monosperma (Engelmann) Sargent [Adams 1993; M&H; W&S]
one-seed juniper
Juniperus gymnocarpa (Lemmon) Cory
Juniperus mexicana Sprengel var. monosperma (Engelmann) Cory
Juniperus occidentalis Hooker var. monosperma Engelmann
Sabina monosperma (Engelmann) Rydberg
monosperma (Engelmann) Sargent var. pinchotii (Sudworth) Van Melle = Juniperus pinchotii
Sudworth
occidentalis Hooker var. monosperma Engelmann = Juniperus monosperma (Engelmann) Sargent

82
 osteosperma (Torrey) Little [Adams 1993; M&H; W&S]
Utah juniper
Juniperus utahensis (Engelmann) Lemmon
Juniperus megalocarpa Sudworth
Juniperus tetragona Schlectendal var. osteosperma Torrey
Sabina osteosperma (Torrey) Antoine
pachyphloea Torrey = Juniperus deppeana Steudel
pinchotii Sudworth [Adams 1993; M&H]
Pinchot’s juniper, redberry juniper
Juniperus erythrocarpa Cory
Juniperus monosperma (Engelmann) Sargent var. pinchotii (Sudworth) Van Melle
scopulorum Sargent [Adams 1993; M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain juniper
Juniperus virginiana Linnaeus var. scopulorum (Sargent) Lemmon
Sabina scopulorum (Sargent) Rydberg
sibirica Burgsdorff [=Juniperus communis Linnaeus var. montana Aiton] : Not occurring in NM.
tetragona Schlectendal var. osteosperma Torrey = Juniperus osteosperma (Torrey) Little
utahensis (Engelmann) Lemmon = Juniperus osteosperma (Torrey) Little
virginiana Linnaeus var. scopulorum (Sargent) Lemmon = Juniperus scopulorum Sargent
Neocupressus arizonica (Greene) de Laubenfels = Hesperocyparis arizonica (Greene) Bartel
Sabina monosperma (Engelmann) Rydberg = Juniperus monosperma (Engelmann) Sargent
osteosperma (Torrey) Antoine = Juniperus osteosperma (Torrey) Little
scopulorum (Sargent) Rydberg = Juniperus scopulorum Sargent
Taxodium
St. Hilaire, R. 2001. Seed coat treatments influence germination of Taxodium mucronatum. Desert Plants 17(1):15-18.
distichum (Linnaeus) L.C. Richard var. mexicanum Gordon : Reported for NM by St. Hilaire
(2001), based on seed given him by a nurseryman; the provenance of the seed is in
question; awaits verification.
Taxodium mucronatum M. Tenore
mucronatum M. Tenore = Taxodium distichum (Linnaeus) L.C. Richard var. mexicanum Gordon

Family EPHEDRACEAE
Ephedra ephedra
Cutler, H.C. 1939. Monograph of the North American species of the genus Ephedra. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
26:373-427.
Powell, A.M. 1988. Trees and Shrubs of Trans-Pecos Texas. Big Bend Natural History Assoc.
Stevenson, D.W. 1993. Ephedraceae, pp. 428-434. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford University Press.
antisyphilitica Berlandier : Reported by M&H and W&S from southern NM, but validating
specimens have not been found; both Stevenson (1993) and Powell (1988) report it
east of NM.
aspera Engelmann ex S. Watson [M&H; Stevenson 1993]
rough ephedra
Ephedra nevadensis S. Watson var. aspera (Engelmann ex S. Watson) L. Benson
coryi E.L. Reed [Stevenson 1993; Powell 1988]
Cory’s ephedra
cutleri Peebles [M&H; Stevenson 1993]
Cutler’s ephedra
Ephedra viridis Coville var. viscida (Cutler) L. Benson
×intermixta Cutler (hybrid of Ephedra torreyana × E. trifurca) = Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.
Watson
nevadensis S. Watson var. aspera (Engelmann ex S. Watson) L. Benson = Ephedra aspera
Engelmann ex S. Watson
torreyana Torrey ex S. Watson var. torreyana [M&H; Stevenson 1993; W&S]
Torrey’s ephedra
trifurca Torrey ex S. Watson [M&H; Stevenson 1993; W&S]
longleaf ephedra
Ephedra ×intermixta Cutler
viridis Coville [M&H; Stevenson 1993; W&S]

83
 green ephedra
viridis Coville var. viscida (Cutler) L. Benson = Ephedra cutleri Peebles

Family JUNIPERACEAE = CUPRESSACEAE

Family PINACEAE
Abies fir
Hunt, R.S. 1993. Abies, pp. 354-362. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
arizonica Merriam [Hunt 1993; M&H; W&S]
cork-bark fir
Abies bifolia A. Murray var. arizonica (Merriam) O'Kane & K.D.Heil
Abies lasiocarpa (Hooker) Nuttall var. arizonica (Merriam) Lemmon
bifolia A. Murray bis sensu stricto : Name applied to northern populations of subalpine fir; in the
narrow sense apparently not known from NM [Hunt 1993].
concolor (Gordon & Glendinning) Lindley ex Hildebrand [Hunt 1993; M&H; W&S]
white fir
Picea concolor Gordon & Glendinning
lasiocarpa (Hooker) Nuttall var. arizonica (Merriam) Lemmon = Abies arizonica Merriam
lasiocarpa (Hooker) Nuttall s.s. : Hunt (1993) restricts this taxon to the Pacific Northwest; trees
previously referred to Abies lasiocarpa belong to Abies bifolia A. Murray bis
(northern Rockies) and to Abies arizonica Merriam (southern Rockies and NM).
Apinus flexilis (James) Rydberg = Pinus flexilis James
Caryopitys edulis (Engelmann) Small = Pinus edulis Engelmann
Picea spruce
Taylor, R.J. 1993. Picea, pp. 369-373. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
concolor Gordon & Glendinning = Abies concolor (Gordon & Glendinning) Lindley ex Hildebrand
engelmannii Parry ex Engelmann var. engelmannii [M&H; Taylor 1993; W&S]
Engelmann’s spruce
parryana Sargent = Picea pungens Engelmann
pungens Engelmann [M&H; Taylor 1993; W&S]
Colorado blue spruce
Picea parryana Sargent
Pinus pine
Bailey, D.K. & F.G. Hawksworth. 1979. Pinyons of the Chihuahuan Desert region. Phytologia 44:129-133.
Farjon, A. & B.T. Styles. 1997. Pinus (Pinaceae). Flora Neotropica, Monogr. 75. New York Botanical Garden.
Gernandt, D.S., S.Hernandez-Leon, E. Salgado-Hernandez, & J.A. Perez de la Rosa.. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships
of Pinus subsection Ponderosae inferred from rapidly evolving cpDNA regions. Syst. Bot. 34(3):481-491.
Kral, R. 1993. Pinus, pp. 373-398. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
Landry, P. 1992. A revised synopsis of the pines 4: The chihuahua pine (Pinus, section Leiophylla). Phytologia
72(5):373-377.
Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1968. Two new pinyon varieties from Arizona. Phytologia 17(4):329-342. [Pinus monophylla
fallax]
Perry, J.P., Jr. 1991. The Pines of Mexico and Central America. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. 231 pp.
apacheca Lemmon = Pinus engelmannii Carrier
aristata Engelmann [Kral 1993; M&H; W&S]
bristlecone pine
arizonica Engelmann [Kral 1993; M&H; W&S]
Arizona pine
Pinus ponderosa Lawson var. arizonica (Engelmann) Shaw
ayacahuite Ehrenberg var. brachyptera Shaw = Pinus strobiformis Engelmann
brachyptera Engelmann = Pinus scopulorum (Engelmann) Lemmon
californiarum D.K. Bailey subsp. fallax (Little) D.K.Bailey = Pinus monophylla Torrey & Fremont
subsp. fallax (Little) D.K. Bailey
cembroides Zuccarini var. cembroides [Kral 1993; M&H; W&S]
Mexican piñon pine
cembroides Zuccarini var. bicolor Little [Bailey & Hawksworth 1979; Farjon & Styles 1997]
Mexican piñon pine
Pinus discolor Bailey & Hawksworth
Pinus johannis M.-F. Robert

84
 cembroides Zuccarini var. edulis (Engelmann) Voss = Pinus edulis Engelmann
chihuahuana Engelmann = Pinus leiophylla Schiede & Deppe var. chihuahuana (Engelmann) Shaw
discolor Bailey & Hawksworth = Pinus cembroides Zuccarini var. bicolor Little
edulis Engelmann [Kral 1993; M&H; W&S]
piñon pine
Caryopitys edulis (Engelmann) Small
Pinus cembroides Zuccarini var. edulis (Engelmann) Voss
Pinus monophylla Torrey & Fremont var. edulis (Engelmann) M.E. Jones
edulis Engelmann var. fallax Little = Pinus monophylla Torrey & Fremont subsp. fallax (Little) D.K.
Bailey
engelmannii Carrier [Kral 1993; M&H]
Apache pine
Pinus apacheca Lemmon
Pinus latifolia Sargent
Pinus macrophylla Engelmann
flexilis James [Kral 1993; M&H; W&S]
limber pine
Apinus flexilis (James) Rydberg
flexilis James var. reflexa Engelmann = Pinus strobiformis Engelmann
johannis M.-F. Robert = Pinus cembroides Zuccarini var. bicolor Little
latifolia Sargent = Pinus engelmannii Carrier
leiophylla Schiede & Deppe var. chihuahuana (Engelmann) Shaw [Kral 1993; M&H; W&S]
Chihuahua pine
Pinus chihuahuana Engelmann
macrophylla Engelmann = Pinus engelmannii Carrier
monophylla Torrey & Fremont subsp. fallax (Little) Zavarin [Little 1968] Note: The
taxonomic status of these single-needle populations is unclear; this name serves to call attention
to this interesting form in the state.
Arizona single-leaf piñon
Pinus californiarum D.K. Bailey subsp. fallax (Little) D.K.Bailey
Pinus edulis Engelmann var. fallax Little
monophylla Torrey & Fremont var. edulis (Engelmann) M.E. Jones = Pinus edulis Engelmann
ponderosa Lawson var. arizonica (Engelmann) Shaw = Pinus arizonica Engelmann
ponderosa Lawson var. scopulorum Engelmann = Pinus scopulorum (Engelmann) Lemmon
scopulorum (Engelmann) Lemmon [Kral 1993; M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain pine, western yellow pine
Pinus brachyptera Engelmann
Pinus ponderosa Lawson var. scopulorum Engelmann
strobiformis Engelmann [Kral 1993; M&H; W&S]
southwestern white pine
Pinus flexilis James var. reflexa Engelmann
Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenberg var. brachyptera Shaw
taxifolia (Lamarck) Britton var. glauca (Beissner) Sudworth = Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel)
Franco var. glauca (Beissner) Franco
Pseudotsuga Douglas fir
Lipscomb, B. 1993. Pseudotsuga, pp. 365-366. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
menziesii (Mirbel) Franco var. glauca (Beissner) Franco [Lipscomb 1993; M&H; W&S]
Douglas fir
Pseudotsuga mucronata (Rafinesque) Sudworth
Pinus taxifolia (Lamarck) Britton var. glauca (Beissner) Sudworth
Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lambert) Britton
Tsuga douglasii Carrière var. glauca Beissner
mucronata (Rafinesque) Sudworth = Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
taxifolia (Lambert) Britton = Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco

85
 ANGIOSPERMS
Dicotyledonous Plants
Family ACANTHACEAE
Daniel, T.F. 1984. The Acanthaceae of the southwestern United States. Desert Plants 5(4):162-179.
Anisacanthus desert-honeysuckle
thurberi (Torrey) Gray [Daniel 1984; M&H; W&S]
Thurber’s desert-honeysuckle
Drejera thurberi Torrey
Calophanes decumbens Gray = Dyschoriste decumbens (Gray) Kuntze
oblongifolia Torrey = Dyschoriste decumbens (Gray) Kuntze
Carlowrightia carlowrightia
linearifolia (Torrey) Gray [Daniel 1984; M&H; W&S]
heath carlowrightia
Schaueria linearifolia Torrey
serpyllifolia Gray : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
texana Hendrickson & Daniel [Daniel 1984]
Texas carlowrightia
torreyana Wasshausen : Reported by M&H, but not occurring in NM [Daniel 1984].
Diapedium torreyi (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Dicliptera resupinata (Vahl) Jussieu
Dicliptera foldwing
resupinata (Vahl) Jussieu [Daniel 1984; M&H; W&S]
Arizona foldwing
Diapedium torreyi (Gray) Wooton & Standley
Dicliptera torreyi Gray
Justicia resupinata Vahl
torreyi Gray = Dicliptera resupinata (Vahl) Jussieu
Drejera thurberi Torrey = Anisacanthus thurberi (Torrey) Gray
Dyschoriste snakeherb
decumbens (Gray) Kuntze [Daniel 1984; M&H]
spreading snakeherb
Calophanes decumbens Gray
Calophanes oblongifolia Torrey
linearis (Torrey & Gray) Kuntze : Reported by M&H, but not occurring in NM [Daniel 1984].
Elytraria scalystem
imbricata (Vahl) Persoon [Daniel 1984; M&H; W&S]
purple scalystem
Elytraria tridentata Vahl
Justicia imbricata Vahl
Tubiflora squamosa (Jacquin) Kuntze
tridentata Vahl = Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Persoon
Gerardia barbata Blake = Stenandrium barbatum Torrey & Gray
Justicia water-willow
Daniel, T.F. 1980. The genus Justicia in the Chihuahuan Desert. Cont. Univ. Mich. Herb. 14:61-67.
imbricata Vahl = Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Persoon
resupinata Vahl = Dicliptera resupinata (Vahl) Jussieu
wrightii Gray [Daniel 1980, 1984]
Wright’s water-willow
Monechma pilosella Nees = Siphonoglossa pilosella (Nees) Torrey
Ruellia wild-petunia
metzae Tharp : Reported by M&H, but excluded from the southwestern United States by Daniel
(1984).
parryi Gray [Daniel 1984; M&H; W&S]
Parry’s wild-petunia
Schaueria linearifolia Torrey = Carlowrightia linearifolia (Torrey) Gray

86
Siphonoglossa tubetongue
pilosella (Nees) Torrey [Daniel 1984]
hairy tubetongue
Monechma pilosella Nees
Stenandrium shaggytuft
Daniel, T.F. 1984. A revision of Stenandrium (Acanthaceae) in Mexico and adjacent regions. Ann. Missouri Bot.
Gard. 71:1028-1043.
barbatum Torrey & Gray [Daniel 1984; M&H; W&S]
early shaggytuft
Gerardia barbata Blake
Tetramerium tetramerium
nervosum Nees [Daniel 1984]
hairy tetramerium
Tubiflora squamosa (Jacquin) Kuntze = Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Persoon

Family ACERACEAE = SAPINDACEAE

Family ADOXACEAE
Adoxa muskroot
moschatellina Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
muskroot
Sambucus elderberry
Cronquist, A. & A.H. Holmgren. 1984. Sambucus, pp. 542-544. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 4. New York Botanical
Garden.
canadensis Linnaeus var. mexicana (Presl ex A.P. de Candolle) Sargent = Sambucus caerulea
Rafinesque var. mexicana (C. Presl ex A.P. de Candolle) L. Benson
caerulea Rafinesque var. mexicana (C. Presl ex A.P. de Candolle) L. Benson [M&H;
W&S]
Mexican elderberry
Sambucus canadensis Linnaeus var. mexicana (Presl ex A.P. de Candolle) Sargent
Sambucus glauca Nuttall var. arizonica Sargent
Sambucus mexicana Presl ex A.P. de Candolle
caerulea Rafinesque var. neomexicana (Wooton) Rehder [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico elderberry
Sambucus glauca Nuttall var. neomexicana A. Nelson
Sambucus neomexicana Wooton
Sambucus neomexicana Wooton var. vestita (Wooton & Standley) Kearney & Peebles
Sambucus vestita Wooton & Standley
glauca Nuttall var. arizonica Sargent = Sambucus caerulea Rafinesque var. mexicana (C. Presl ex
A.P. de Candolle) L. Benson
glauca Nuttall var. neomexicana A. Nelson = Sambucus caerulea Rafinesque var. neomexicana
(Wooton) Rehder
melanocarpa Gray = Sambucus racemosa Linnaeus var. melanocarpa (Gray) McMinn
mexicana Presl = Sambucus caerulea Rafinesque var. mexicana (C. Presl ex A.P. de Candolle) L.
Benson
microbotrys Rydberg = Sambucus racemosa Linnaeus var. microbotrys (Rydberg) Kearney &
Peebles
neomexicana Wooton = Sambucus caerulea Rafinesque var. neomexicana (Wooton) Rehder
neomexicana Wooton var. vestita (Wooton & Standley) Kearney & Peebles = Sambucus caerulea
Rafinesque var. neomexicana (Wooton) Rehder
pubens of NM authors = Sambucus racemose Linneaus var. melanocarpa (Gray) McMinn
racemosa Linnaeus var. melanocarpa (Gray) McMinn [M&H; W&S]
red elderberry
Sambucus melanocarpa Gray
racemosa Linnaeus var. microbotrys (Rydberg) Kearney & Peebles [W&S]
red elderberry
Sambucus microbotrys Rydberg
vestita Wooton & Standley = Sambucus caerulea Rafinesque var. neomexicana (Wooton) Rehder

87
Viburnum opulus Linnaeus var. americanum Aiton : Kartesz (1999) questionably reports this species; its
occurrence in NM seems unlikely based on its known distribution north of Colorado
and Kansas.

Family AIZOACEAE
Vivrette, N.J., J.E. Bleck, & W.R. Ferren Jr. 2003. Aizoaceae, pp. 75-91. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4. Oxford
University Press, New York.
Mollugo = see MOLLUGINACEAE
Sesuvium sea-purslane
sessile Robinson = Sesuvium verrucosum Rafinesque
verrucosum Rafinesque [M&H]
western sea-purslane
Sesuvium sessile Robinson
Trianthema horse-purslane
portulacastrum Linnaeus [M&H]
desert horse-purslane

Family ALLIONIACEAE = NYCTAGINACEAE

Family ALSINACEAE = CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Family AMARANTHACEAE
Robertson, K.R. 1981. The genera of Amaranthaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 62(30):267-
314.
Robertson, K.R. & S.E. Clemants. 2003. Amaranthaceae, pp. 405-456. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1.
Oxford University Press, New York.
Acanthochiton greenstripe
Mosyakin, S.L. & K.R. Robertson. 2003. Amaranthus, pp. 410-4435. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford
University Press, New York.
wrightii Torrey [M&H; Mosyakin & Robertson 2003; W&S]
greenstripe
Amaranthus acanthochiton (Torrey) Sauer
not Amaranthus wrightii S. Watson
Achyranthes lanuginosa Nuttall = Tidestromia lanuginosa (Nuttall) Standley subsp. lanuginosa
repens auctores non Linnaeus = Alternanthera caracasana Kunth
Acnida tamariscina (Nuttall) Wood = Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moquin-Tandon) J.D. Saur
tuberculata Moquin-Tandon = Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moquin-Tandon) J.D. Sauer
Alternanthera khaki-weed
Clemants, S.E. 2003. Alternanthera, pp. 447-451. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press,
New York.
caracasana Kunth [Clemants 2003; M&H; W&S]
khaki-weed
Achyranthes repens auctores non Linnaeus
Alternanthera pungens of NM reports
Alternanthera repens of NM reports
pungens of NM reports = Alternanthera caracasana Kunth
repens of NM reports = Alternanthera caracasana Kunth
suffruticosa Torrey = Tidestromia suffruticosa (Torrey) Standley
Amaranthus pigweed, amaranth
Costea, M., A. Sanders, & G. Waines. 2001. Preliminary results toward a revision of the Amaranthus hybridus species
complex (Amaranthaceae). Sida 19(4):931-974.
Henrickson, J. 1999. Studies in New World Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae). Sida 18(3):783-807.
Mosyakin, S.L. & K.R. Robertson. 2003. Amaranthus, pp. 410-4435. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford
University Press, New York.
Pratt, D.B. 2001. Amaranthus rudis and A. tuberculatus – one species or two? J. Torr. Bot. Soc. 128(3):282-296.
Sauer, J. 1955. Revision of the dioecious amaranths. Madroño 13:5-46.
Sauer, J. 1967. The grain amaranths and their relatives: A revised taxonomic and geographic survey. Ann. Missouri
Bot. Gard. 54:103-137.
Sauer, J. 1972. The dioecious amaranths: A new specific name and major range extensions. Madroño 21:426-434.
Standley, P.C. 1917. Amaranthaceae. North American Flora 21:107-108.

88
Tidestrom, I. & T. Kittell. 1941. A Flora of Arizona and New Mexico. The Catholic University of America Press,
Washington, D.C. 897 pp. [Amaranthus caudatus]
Uline, E.B. & W.L. Bray. 1894. A preliminary synopsis of the North America species of Amaranthus. The Botanical
Gazette 19:267-272, 311-320.
acanthochiton (Torrey) Sauer = Acanthochiton wrightii Torrey
albus Linnaeus [M&H; Mosyakin & Robertson 2003; W&S]
tumbleweed pigweed
Amaranthus albus Linnaeus var. pubescens (Uline & Bray) Fernald
Amaranthus graecizans of Amer. authors, pro parte
Amaranthus graecizans Linnaeus var. pubescens Uline & Bray
Amaranthus pubescnes (Uline & Bray) Rydberg
albus Linnaeus var. pubescens (Uline & Bray) Fernald = Amaranthus albus Linnaeus
arenicola I.M. Johnston [M&H; Mosyakin & Robertson 2003]
sandhill pigweed
bigelovii Uline & Bray = Amaranthus torreyi (A. Gray) Bentham ex S. Watson
*blitoides S. Watson [M&H; Mosyakin & Robertson 2003; W&S]
prostrate pigweed
Amaranthus graecizans of Amer. authors, pro parte
bracteosus Uline & Bray = Amaranthus powellii S. Watson
*caudatus Linnaeus [Tidestrom & Kittell 1941] Note: In view of its sporadic distribution to the west and
east of NM, this report may refer to a one-time introduction that has not persisted.
foxtail amaranth, love-lies-bleeding
crassipes Schlechtendal var. warnockii (I.M. Johnston) Henrickson [Henrickson 1999;
Mosyakin & Robertson 2003; Sivinski et al. 1994]
bony pigweed
Amaranthus warnockii I.M. Johnston
*cruentus Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
blood amaranth
Amaranthus hybridus Linnaeus var. paniculatus (Linnaeus) Uline & Bray
Amaranthus paniculatus Linnaeus
fimbriatus (Torrey) Bentham ex S. Watson [M&H; Mosyakin & Robertson 2003]
fringed pigweed
Sarratia berlandieri Moquin-Tandon var. fimbriata Torrey
gracilis Desfontaines = Amaranthus viridis Linnaeus
graecizans of American authors = Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson and Amaranthus albus Linnaeus
graecizans Linnaeus var. pubescens Uline & Bray = Amaranthus albus Linnaeus
*hybridus Linnaeus [M&H; Mosyakin & Robertson 2003; W&S]
smooth amaranth
hybridus Linnaeus var. paniculatus (Linnaeus) Uline & Bray = Amaranthus cruentus Linnaeus
*hypochondriacus Linnaeus [Mosyakin & Robertson 2003; Standley 1917]
Prince-of-Wales-feather
Amaranthus leucocarpus S. Watson
leucocarpus S. Watson = Amaranthus hypochondriacus Linnaeus
obcordatus (Gray) Standley [M&H]
Trans-Pecos amaranth
Amaranthus obovatus sensu W&S
Amblogyna urceolata Moquin-Tandon var. obcordata Gray
obovatus sensu W&S = Amaranthus obcordatus (Gray) Standley
palmeri S. Watson [M&H; Mosyakin & Robertson 2003; W&S]
Palmer’s amaranth, pigweed
paniculatus Linnaeus = Amaranthus cruentus Linnaeus
powellii S. Watson [M&H; Mosyakin & Robertson 2003; W&S]
green amaranth
Amaranthus bracteosus Uline & Bray
pringlei S. Watson = Amaranthus torreyi (A. Gray) Bentham ex S. Watson
pubescens (Uline & Bray) Rydberg = Amaranthus albus Linnaeus
*retroflexus Linnaeus [M&H; Mosyakin & Robertson 2003; W&S]
red-root pigweed
89
 rudis Sauer = Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moquin-Tandon) J.D. Saur
tamariscina of numerous authors, not (Nuttall) Wood = Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moquin-Tandon)
J.D. Saur
torreyi (Gray) Bentham ex S. Watson [M&H; Mosyakin & Robertson 2003; W&S]
Torrey’s amaranth
Amaranthus bigelovii Uline & Bray
Amaranthus pringlei S. Watson
Amblogyna torreyi Gray
*tuberculatus (Moquin-Tandon) J.D. Saur [M&H; Mosyakin & Robertson 2003]
tall amaranth
Acnida tamariscina of numerous authors, not (Nuttall) Wood
Acnida tuberculata Moquin-Tandon
Amaranthus rudis J.D. Saur
viridis Linnaeus [M&H; Mosyakin & Robertson 2003]
slender amaranth
Amaranthus gracilis Desfontaines
viscidulus Greene [Mosyakin & Robertson 2003; W&S]
sticky amaranth
warnockii I.M. Johnston = Amaranthus crassipes Schlechtendal var. warnockii (I.M. Johnston)
Henrickson
wrightii S. Watson [M&H; Mosyakin & Robertson 2003; W&S]
Wright’s amaranth
not Acanthochiton wrightii Torrey
Amblogyna torreyi Gray = Amaranthus torreyi (Gray) Bentham ex S. Watson
urceolata Moquin-Tandon var. obcordata Gray = Amaranthus obcordatus (Gray) Standley
Brayulinea densa (Willdenow) Small = Guilleminea densa (Willdenow) Moquin-Tandon
Cladothrix lanuginosa Nuttall = Tidestromia lanuginosa (Nuttall) Standley
suffruticosa (Torrey) Bentham & Hooker = Tidestromia suffruticosa (Torrey) Standley
Froelichia snakecotton
McCauley, R.A. 2003. Froelichia, pp. 443-447. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press,
New York.
McCauley, R.A. & H.E. Ballard, Jr. 2007. Systematics of North American Froelichia (Amaranthaceae subfam.
Gomphrenoideae) I: Identification of consistent morphological variation and segregation of species
complexes. Brittonia 59(30:255-274.
McCauley, R.A. & H.E. Ballard, Jr. 2007. Systematics of North American Froelichia (Amaranthaceae subfam.
Gomphrenoideae) II: Phylogeny and biogeographic speciation patterns inferred from nrITS sequence data.
Brittonia 59(3):275-289.
arizonica Thornber ex Standley [M&H; McCauley 2003]
Arizona snakecotton
campestris Small = Froelichia floridana (Nuttall) Moquin-Tandon var. campestris (Small) Fernald
floridana (Nuttall) Moquin-Tandon var. campestris (Small) Fernald [M&H; W&S]
plains snakecotton
Froelichia campestris Small
gracilis (Hooker) Moquin-Tandon [M&H; McCauley 2003; W&S]
slender snakecotton
Oplotheca gracilis Hooker
interrupta (Linnaeus) Moquin-Tandon : Reported by M&H, but McCauley (2003) questions all
reports of this species in the United States; warrants verification.
Gomphrena globe-amaranth
Clemants, S.E. 2003. Gomphrena, pp. 451-454. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press,
New York.
caespitosa Torrey [Clemants 2003; M&H; W&S]
tufted globe-amaranth
haageana Klotzsch [Clemants 2003]
Haage’s globe-amaranth
nitida Rothrock [Clemants 2003; M&H; W&S]
pearly globe-amaranth
sonorae Torrey [Clemants 2003; M&H]

90
 Sonoran globe-amaranth
viridis Wooton & Standley [Clemants 2003; W&S]
green globe-amaranth
Gossypianthus cotton-flower
Clemants, S.E. 2003. Gossypianthus, pp. 438-439. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press,
New York.
Henrickson, J. 1987. A taxonomic re-evaluation of Gossypianthus and Guilleminea (Amaranthaceae). Sida 12:307-
337.
lanuginosus (Poiret) Moquin-Tandon var. lanuginosus [Clemants 2003; M&H; W&S]
wooly cotton-flower
Guilleminea lanuginosa (Poiret) Hooker f.
Guilleminea lanuginosa (Poiret) Hooker f. var. rigidiflorus (Hooker) Mears
Gossypianthus rigidiflorus Hooker
Paronychia lanuginosa Poiret
rigidiflorus Hooker = Gossypianthus lanuginosus (Poiret) Moquin-Tandon var. lanuginosus
Guilleminea matweed
Clemants, S.E. 2003. Guilleminea, pp. 437-438. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press,
New York.
Henrickson, J. 1987. A taxonomic re-evaluation of Gossypianthus and Guilleminea (Amaranthaceae). Sida 12:307-
337.
densa (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Moquin-Tandon var. aggregata Uline &
Bray [Henrickson 1987; M&H; W&S]
small matweed
densa (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Moquin-Tandon var. densa : Reported by M&H, but
not occurring in North America [Henrickson 1987].
Brayulinia densa (Willdenow) Small
Illecebrum densum Willdenow
lanuginosa (Poiret) Hooker f. = Gossypianthus lanuginosus (Poiret) Moquin-Tandon var.
lanuginosus
lanuginosa (Poiret) Hooker f. var. rigidiflorus (Hooker) Mears = Gossypianthus lanuginosus (Poiret)
Moquin-Tandon var. lanuginosus
Iresine bloodleaf
Clemants, S.E. 2003. Iresine, pp. 454-456. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press, New
York.
Henrickson, J. & S. Sunberg. 1986. On the submersion of Dicraurus into Iresine (Amaranthaceae). Aliso 11:355-364.
heterophylla Standley [Clemants 2003; M&H]
Standley’s bloodleaf
Oplotheca gracilis Hooker = Froelichia gracilis (Hooker) Moquin-Tandon
Sarratia berlandieri Moquin-Tandon var. fimbriata Torrey = Amaranthus fimbriatus (Torrey) Bentham ex
S. Watson
Tidestromia honeysweet
Sánchez del Pino, I. & S.E. Clemants. 2003. Tidestromia, pp. 439-443. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1.
Oxford University Press, New York.
Sánchez del Pino, I. & H. Flores Olvera. 2002. New taxa and a new combination in Tidestromia (Amaranthaceae)
from North America. Novon 12:399-407.
Sanchez del Pino, I. & H. Flores Olvera. 2006. Phylogeny of Tidestromia (Amaranthaceae, Gomphrenoideae) based
on morphology. Syst. Bot. 31(4):689-701.
Sanchez del Pino, I. & T.J. Motley. 2010. Evolution of Tidestromia (Amaranthaceae) in the deserts of the
southwestern United States and Mexico. Taxon 59(1):38-48.
lanuginosa (Nuttall) Standley subsp. eliassoniana Sánchez-del Pino & Flores Olvera
[Sánchez del Pino & Flores Olvera 2002]
espanta vaquero, wooly honeysweet
lanuginosa (Nuttall) Standley subsp. lanuginosa [M&H; Sánchez del Pino & Flores Olvera 2002;
W&S]
espanta vaquero, wooly honeysweet
Achyranthes lanuginosa Nuttall
Cladothrix lanuginosa Nuttall
suffruticosa (Torrey) Standley [M&H; W&S]
shrubby honeysweet
Alternanthera suffruticosa Torrey

91
 Cladothrix suffruticosa (Torrey) Bentham & Hooker

Family AMBROSIACEAE = ASTERACEAE

Family AMYGDALACEAE = ROSACEAE

Family ANACARDIACEAE
Rhoeidium microphyllum (Engelmann) Greene = Rhus microphylla Engelmann
Rhus sumac
Barkley, F.A. 1937. A monographic study of Rhus and its immediate allies in North and Central America, including
the West Indies. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24(3):265-465.
Barkley, F.A. 1940. Schmaltzia. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 24:647-665.
Gillis, W.T. 1971. The systematics and ecology of poison-ivy and the poison-oaks (Toxicodendron, Anacardiaceae).
Rhodora 73:72-159, 161-237, 370-443, 465-540.
Turner, B.L. 1996. Synoptical study of Rhus virens (Anacardiaceae) and closely related taxa. Phytologia 80(5):368-
376.
aromatica Aiton var. pilosissima (Engelmann) Shinners = Rhus trilobata Nuttall var. pilosissima
Engelmann
choriophylla Wooton & Standley = Rhus virens Lindheimer ex Gray var. choriophylla (Wooton &
Standley) B.L. Turner
cismontana Greene = Rhus glabra Linnaeus
copallina Linnaeus var. lanceolata Gray = Rhus lanceolata (Gray) Britton
glabra Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
smoth sumac
Rhus cismontana Greene
Rhus glabra Linnaeus var. cismontana (Greene) Daniels
Rhus sorbifolia Greene
glabra Linnaeus var. cismontana (Greene) Daniels = Rhus glabra Linnaeus
lanceolata (Gray) Britton [M&H; W&S]
prairie sumac
Rhus copallina Linnaeus var. lanceolata Gray
Schmaltzia lanceolata (Gray) Small
microphylla Engelmann ex Gray [M&H; W&S]
littleleaf sumac
Rhoeidium microphyllum (Engelmann) Greene
radicans Linnaeus s.s. [=Toxicodendron radicans Linnaeus] : Not occurring in NM; our material is
referred to Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydberg) Greene [Gillis 1971].
radicans Linnaeus var. rydbergii (Small ex Rydberg) Rehder = Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex
Rydberg) Greene
sorbifolia Greene = Rhus glabra Linnaeus
trilobata Nuttall var. anisophylla (Greene) Jepson [M&H]
skunkbush sumac
Schmaltzia anisophylla Greene
trilobata Nuttall var. pilosissima Engelmann [M&H; W&S]
skunkbush sumac
Rhus aromatica Aiton var. pilosissima (Engelmann) Shinners
Schmaltzia emoryi Greene
Schmaltzia pulchella Greene
trilobata Nuttall var. racemulosa (Greene) Barkley [M&H]
skunkbush sumac
Schmaltzia racemulosa Greene
trilobata Nuttall var. quinata (Greene) Jepson [Barkley 1937]
skunkbush sumac
Schmaltzia quinata Greene
trilobata Nuttall var. simplicifolia (Greene) Barkley [M&H; W&S]
skunkbush sumac
Schmaltzia affinis Greene
Schmaltzia simplicifolia Greene

92
 trilobata Nuttall var. trilobata [M&H; W&S]
skunkbush sumac
Schmaltzia bakeri Greene
Schmaltzia cognata Greene
Schmaltzia leiocarpa Greene
Schmaltzia quercifolia Greene
Schmaltzia trilobata (Nuttall) Small
virens Lindheimer ex Gray var. choriophylla (Wooton & Standley) L. Benson [M&H;
Turner 1996; W&S]
Wooton’s sumac
Rhus choriophylla Wooton & Standley
Rhus virens Lindheimer ex Gray subsp. choriophylla (Wooton & Standley) Young
Rhus virens Lindheimer ex Gray var. choriophylla (Wooton & Standley) B.L. Turner
Schmaltzia choriophylla (Wooton & Standley) Barkley
virens Lindheimer ex Gray var. choriophylla (Wooton & Standley) B.L. Turner = Rhus virens
Lindheimer ex Gray var. choriophylla (Wooton & Standley) L. Benson
virens Lindheimer ex Gray subsp. choriophylla (Wooton & Standley) Young = Rhus virens
Lindheimer ex Gray var. choriophylla (Wooton & Standley) L. Benson
virens Lindheimer ex Gray var. virens [Turner 1996]
evergreen sumac
Schmaltzia affinis Greene = Rhus trilobata Nuttall var. simplicifolia (Greene) Barkley
anisophylla Greene = Rhus trilobata Nuttall var. anisophylla (Greene) Jepson
bakeri Greene = Rhus trilobata Nuttall var. trilobata
choriophylla (Wooton & Standley) Barkley = Rhus virens Lindheimer ex Gray var. choriophylla
(Wooton & Standley) L. Benson
cognata Greene = Rhus trilobata Nuttall var. trilobata
emoryi Greene = Rhus trilobata Nuttall var. pilosissima Engler
lanceolata (Gray) Small = Rhus lanceolata (Gray) Britton
leiocarpa Greene = Rhus trilobata Nuttall var. trilobata
pulchella Greene = Rhus trilobata Nuttall var. pilosissima (Engelmann) Shinners
quercifolia Greene = Rhus trilobata Nuttall var. trilobata
quinata Greene = Rhus trilobata Nuttall var. quinata (Greene) Jepson
racemulosa Greene = Rhus trilobata Nuttall var. racemulosa (Greene) Barkley
simplicifolia Greene = Rhus trilobata Nuttall var. simplicifolia (Greene) Barkley
trilobata (Nuttall) Small = Rhus trilobata Nuttall var. trilobata
Toxicodendron poison-ivy
Gillis, W.T. 1960. Taxonomic problems in poison ivy. Proc. Michigan Acad. Sci. 45:27-34.
Gillis, W.T. 1971. The systematics and ecology of poison-ivy and the poison-oaks (Toxicodendron, Anacardiaceae).
Rhodora 73:72-159, 161-237, 370-443, 465-540.
altissimum Miller = Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle (Simaroubaceae)
radicans of NM authors, not (Linnaeus) Kuntze s.s. = Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydberg)
Greene
rydbergii (Small ex Rydberg) Greene [Gillis 1971; M&H; W&S]
poison-ivy
Rhus radicans Linnaeus var. rydbergii (Small ex Rydberg) Rehder
Rhus rydbergii Small ex Rydberg
Toxicodendron radicans of NM authors, not (Linnaeus) Kuntze s.s.

Family APIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE)

Constance, L. 1993. Apiaceae, p. 136-166. IN: Hickmann, J.C. (ed.). The Jepson Manual. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Cronquist, A. 1997. Apiaceae, p. 340-427. IN: Intermountain Flora, Vol. 3A (Rosidae, except Fabales). New York
Botanical Garden. 446 pp.
Mathias, M.E. and L. Constance. 1944-45. Umbelliferae. North American Flora 28B (1,2):43-295.
Aletes Indian-parsley
Sivinski, R. & K. Lightfoot, eds. 1994. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of New Mexico. New Mexico
Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Misc. Publ. No. 3. [Aletes macdougalii subsp.
breviradiatus]
Theobald, W.L., C.C. Tseng, & M.E. Mathias. 1963. A revision of Aletes and Neoparrya (Umbelliferae). Brittonia
16:296-315.

93
 acaulis (Torrey) Coulter & Rose [M&H; W&S]
Indian-parsley
Deweya acaulis Torrey
davidsonii Coulter & Rose = Cymopterus davidsonii (Coulter & Rose) R.L. Hartman
filifolius Matthias, Constance, & Theobald [M&H]
Trans-Pecos Indian-parsley
macdougalii Coulter & Rose = Cymopterus macdougalii (Coulter & Rose) Tidestrom
macdougalii Coulter & Rose subsp. breviradiatus Theobald & Tseng = Cymopterus breviradiatus
(W.L. Theobald & Tseng) R.L. Hartman
sessiliflorus Theobald & Tseng = Cymopterus sessiliflorus (Theobald & Tseng) R.L. Hartman
Ammoselinum sand-parsley
popei Torrey & Gray [M&H]
plains sand-parsley
Angelica angelica
ampla A. Nelson [M&H]
giant angelica
grayi (Coulter & Rose) Coulter & Rose [M&H]
Gray’s angelica
Selinum grayi Coulter & Rose
leporina S. Watson = Angelica pinnata S. Watson
pinnata S. Watson [M&H; W&S]
small-leaf angelica
Angelica leporina S. Watson
Apium celery
*graveolens Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
celery
leptophyllum (Persoon) F. Mueller ex Bentham = Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Persoon) Sprague
ex Britton & Wilson
Aralia = see ARALIACEAE
Archemora fendleri Gray = Oxypolis fendleri (Gray) Heller
Aulospermum purpureum (S. Watson) Coulter & Rose = Cymopterus purpureus S. Watson
Berula water-parsnip
erecta (Hudson) Coville [M&H; W&S]
water-parsnip
Sium erectum Hudson
Bowlesia bowlesia
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Bowlesia incana]
Matthias, M.E. & L. Constance. 1965. A revision of the genus Bowlesia ruiz & Pav. (Umbelliferae-Hydrocotyloideae)
and it relatives. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 38:1-73.
incana Ruiz & Pavon [Allred 1999]
hoary bowlesia
Bupleurum thorough-wax
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 10:7. [Bupleurum americanum]
americanum Coulter & Rose [Allred 1999]
American thorough-wax
Carum caraway
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Carum carvi]
*carvi Linnaeus [Peterson 2000]
caraway
gairdneri (Hooker & Arnott) Gray [=Perideridia gairdneri (Hooker & Arnott) Mathias] : Reported
by W&S, but not occurring in NM [Chuang & Constance 1969].
Caucalis arvensis Hudson = Torilis arvensis (Hudson) Link
microcarpa Hooker & Arnott = Yabea microcarpa (Hooker & Arnott) Koso-Poljansky
Cicuta water-hemlock
Mulligan, G.A. 1980. The genus Cicuta in North America. Canad. J. Bot. 58:1755-1767.
douglasii of NM authors = Cicuta maculata Linnaeus
maculata Linnaeus var. angustifolia Hooker [M&H; Mulligan 1980; W&S]

94
 spotted water-hemlock
Cicuta douglasii of NM authors
Cicuta occidentalis Greene
maculata Linnaeus var. bolanderi (S. Watson) G.A. Mulligan [Mulligan 1980]
spotted water-hemlock
Cicuta douglasii of NM authors
occidentalis Greene = Cicuta maculata Linnaeus var. angustifolia Hooker
trachypleura S. Watson = Harbouria trachypleura (S. Watson) Coulter & Rose
Cogswellia nevadensis (S. Watson) M.E. Jones = Lomatium nevadense (S. Watson) Coulter & Rose var.
nevadense
orientalis (Coulter & Rose) M.E. Jones = Lomatium orientale Coulter & Rose
Conioselinum hemlock-parsley
scopulorum (Gray) Coulter & Rose [M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain hemlock-parsley
Ligusticum scopulorum Gray
Conium poison-hemlock
Hershey, A.L. & P.J. Leyendecker, Jr. 1944. Notes on plants of New Mexico—III. Leaflets of Western Botany
4(2):21-25. [Conium maculatum]
*maculatum Linnaeus [Hershey & Leyendecker 1944; M&H]
poison-hemlock
Coriandrum parsley
*sativum Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
coriander
Cyclospermum marsh-parsley
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Cyclosperma leptophyllum]
Allred, K.W. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Cyclospermum leptophyllum]
*leptophyllum (Persoon) Sprague ex Britton & Wilson [Allred 1999, 2000]
marsh-parsley
Apium leptophyllum (Persoon) F. Mueller ex Bentham
Pimpinella leptophylla Persoon
Cymopterus spring-parsley
Hartman, R.L. 2000. A new species of Cymopterus (Apiaceae) from the Rocky Mountain region, U.S.A. Brittonia
52(2):136-141. [Cymopterus constancei]
Hartman, R.L. 2006. New combinations in the genus Cymopterus (Apiaceae) of the southwestern United States. Sida
22(2):955-957.
Heil, K. & S. O'Kane. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 41:7. [Cymopterus longilobus]
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Cymopterus petraeus, as Pteryxia petraea]
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Cymopterus purpurascens]
Sivinski, R. & K. Lightfoot, eds. 1994. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of New Mexico. New Mexico
Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Misc. Publ. No. 3. [Cymopterus breviradiatus]
acaulis (Pursh) Rafinesque var. fendleri (Gray) Goodrich = Cymopterus glomeratus (Nuttall) A.P. de
Candolle var. fendleri (Gray) R.L. Hartman
alpinus Gray [M&H]
alpine parsley
Oreoxis alpina (Gray) Coulter & Rose
bakeri (Coulter & Rose) M.E. Jones [M&H; W&S]
Baker’s alpine parsley
Oreoxis bakeri Coulter & Rose
breviradiatus (Theobald & Tseng) R.L. Hartman = Cymopterus sessiliflorus (Theobald & Tseng)
R.L. Hartman
bulbosus A. Nelson [M&H; W&S]
bulbous spring-parsely
Phellopterus bulbosus (A. Nelson) Coulter & Rose
Phellopterus utahensis (M.E. Jones) Wooton & Standley
constancei R.L. Hartman [Hartman 2000]
Lincoln’s spring-parsley
davidsonii (Coulter & Rose) R.L. Hartman [M&H]
Davidson’s spring-parsley

95
 Aletes davidsonii Coulter & Rose
Pseudocymopterus davidsonii (Coulter & Rose) Matthias
Pteryxia davidsonii (Coulter & Rose) Matthias & Constance
fendleri Gray = Cymopterus glomeratus (Nuttall) A.P. de Candolle var. fendleri (Gray) R.L.
Hartman
glomeratus (Nuttall) A.P. de Candolle var. fendleri (Gray) R.L. Hartman [M&H; W&S]
plains spring-parsley
Cymopterus fendleri Gray
hendersonii (Coulter & Rose) Cronquist [Heil & O’Kane 2007; Mathias & Constance 1945]
Henderson’s spring-parsley
Cymopterus longilobus (Rydberg) W.A. Weber
Pseudocymopterus hendersonii Coulter & Rose
Pseudopteryxia longiloba Rydberg
Pteryxia hendersonii (Coulter & Rose) Mathias & Constance
lemmonii (Coulter & Rose) Dorn [M&H; W&S]
Lemmon’s spring-parsley
Peucedanum lemmonii Coulter & Rose
Pseudocymopterus filicinus Wooton & Standley
Pseudocymopterus montanus (Gray) Coulter & Rose
Pseudocymopterus multifidus Rydberg
Pseudocymopterus purpureus (Coulter & Rose) Rydberg
Pseudocymopterus tenuifolius (Gray) Rydberg
Thaspium montanum Gray
longilobus (Rydberg) W.A. Weber = Cymopterus hendersonii (Coulter & Rose) Cronquist
longiradiatus (Matthias, Constance, & Theobald) B.L. Turner [M&H]
spring-parsley
Pseudocymopterus longiradiatus Matthias, Constance, & Theobald
macdougalii (Coulter & Rose) Tidestrom s.s. : Reported by M&H; our plants are referred to
Cymopterus sessiliflorus (Theobald & Tseng) R.L. Hartman
Aletes macdougalii Coulter & Rose
Oreoxis macdougalii (Coulter & Rose) Rydberg
macdougalii (Coulter & Rose) Tidestrom subsp. breviradiatus Theobald & Tseng = Cymopterus
sessiliflorus (Theobald & Tseng) R.L. Hartman
macrorhizus Buckley [M&H; W&S]
big-root spring-parsley
Phellopterus macrorhizus (Buckley) Coulter & Rose
montanus Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray [M&H]
mountain spring-parsley
Phellopterus montanus Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray, pro syn.
montanus Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. purpurascens Gray = Cymopterus purpurascens (Gray)
M.E. Jones
multinervatus (Coulter & Rose) Tidestrom [M&H; W&S]
purple-nerve spring-parsley
Phellopterus multinervatus Coulter & Rose
newberryi (S. Watson) M.E. Jones : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
petraeus M.E. Jones [Heil et al. 2002]
rocky spring-parsley
Cymopterus terebinthinus (Hooker) Torrey & Gray var. petraeus (M.E. Jones) Goodrich
Pteryxia petraea (M.E. Jones) Coulter & Rose
purpurascens (Gray) M.E. Jones : Reported by Peterson (2000), but our plants belong to
Cymopterus constancei R.L. Hartman [Hartman 2000].
Cymopterus montanus Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. purpurascens Gray
purpureus S. Watson [M&H; W&S]
purple spring-parsley
Aulospermum purpureum (S. Watson) Coulter & Rose
sessiliflorus (Theobald & Tseng) R.L. Hartman [M&H; Sivinski & Lightfoot 1994]
sessile spring-parsley
Aletes macdougalii Coulter & Rose subsp. breviradiatus Theobald & Tseng

96
 Aletes sessiliflorus Theobald & Tseng
Cymopterus breviradiatus (Theobald & Tseng) R.L. Hartman
Cymopterus macdougalii (Coulter & Rose) Tidestrom subsp. breviradiatus Theobald &
Tseng
terebinthinus (Hooker) Torrey & Gray var. petraeus (M.E. Jones) Goodrich = Cymopterus petraeus
M.E. Jones
Cynomarathrum nuttallii (Gray) Coulter & Rose = Lomatium nuttallii (Gray) Macbride
Daucosma parasol
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 11:8. [Daucosma laciniata]
laciniata Engelmann & A. Gray [Allred 1999]
meadow-parasol
Daucus carrot
*carota Linnaeus [M&H]
Queen Anne’s lace
divaricatus Walter = Spermolepis divaricata (T. Walter) Rafinesque ex Seringe
pusillus Michaux [M&H; W&S]
southwestern wild carrot
Deweya acaulis Torrey = Aletes acaulis (Torrey) Coulter & Rose
Eryngium eryngo
Todsen, T.K. 1973. Comments on New Mexico flora. Sida 5(2):135. [Eryngium lemmonii]
heterophyllum Engelmann [M&H; W&S]
Mexican thistle, Wright’s eryngo
Eryngium wrightii Gray
lemmonii Coulter & Rose [M&H; Todsen 1973]
Chihuahua mountain eryngo
longifolium Gray = Eryngium sparganophyllum Hemsley
sparganophyllum Hemsley [M&H; W&S]
Arizona eryngo
Eryngium longifolium Gray
wrightii Gray = Eryngium heterophyllum Engelmann
Eulophus parishii Coulter & Rose = Perideridia parishii (Coulter & Rose) Nelson & Macbride
Eurytaenia spreadwing
Martin, W.C. 1982. WIPP Project-Floristic Study. IN: Westinghouse Electric Corporation Ecosystem Studies at the
Los Medanos Site, Eddy County, New Mexico. Albuquerque, Sandia Laboratory. [Eurytaenia texana]
texana Torrey & Gray [Martin 1982]
Texas spreadwing
Foeniculum fennel
foeniculum (Linnaeus) Karsten = Foeniculum vulgare Miller
*vulgare Miller [M&H; W&S]
sweet fennel
Foeniculum foeniculum (Linnaeus) Karsten
Harbouria whisk-broom
trachypleura (S. Watson) Coulter & Rose [M&H]
whisk-broom
Cicuta trachypleura S. Watson
Heracleum cow-parsnip
Kartesz, J.T. & K.N. Gandhi. 1994. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora. XIII. Phytologia 76(6):441-
457.
lanatum Michaux = Heracleum maximum Bartram
maximum Bartram [M&H; W&S]
cow-parsnip
Heracleum lanatum Michaux
Hydrocotyle pennywort
ranunculoides Linnaeus f. : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
umbellata Linnaeus : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
verticillata Thunberg var. verticillata [M&H]
marsh pennywort

97
Leptocaulis echinatus Nuttall = Spermolepis echinata (Nuttall ex A.P. de Candoll) Heller
inermis Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle = Spermolepis inermis (Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle) Mathias &
Constance
Levisticum lovage
*officinale Koch [M&H]
garden lovage
Ligusticella eastwoodiae Coulter & Rose = Podistera eastwoodiae (Coulter & Rose) Matthias &
Constance
Ligusticum wild-lovage
eastwoodiae Rose = Podistera eastwoodiae (Coulter & Rose) Matthias & Constance
porteri Coulter & Rose [M&H; W&S]
osha
scopulorum Gray = Conioselinum scopulorum (Gray) Coulter & Rose
Lomatium biscuit-root
Mathias, M.E. & L. Constance. 1945. Umbelliferae (pars.). North American Flora 28B.
Reif, B., J. Larson, B.R. Jacobs, B.E. Nelson, & R.L. Hartman. 2009. Floristic studies in north central New Mexico,
U.S.A., the Tusa Mountains and the Jemez Mountains. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3(2):921-961. [Lomatium
grayi, Lomatium triternatum platycarpum]
Spellenberg, R., M. Mahrt & R. Brozka. 1991. Noteworthy collections, New Mexico. Madroño 38:298-301.
[Lomatium foeniculaceum]
foeniculaceum (Nuttall) Coulter & Rose subsp. macdougalii (Coulter & Rose) Theobald
[Spellenberg et al. 1991]
carrot-leaf biscuit-root
Lomatium macdougalii Coulter & Rose
grayi (Coulter & Rose) Coulter & Rose [Reif et al. 2009]
Gray’s biscuit-root
Peucedanum grayi Coulter & Rose
macdougalii Coulter & Rose = Lomatium foeniculaceum (Nuttall) Coulter & Rose subsp.
macdougalii (Coulter & Rose) Theobald
nevadense (S. Watson) Coulter & Rose var. nevadense [Mathias & Constance 1945]
Nevada biscuit-root
Cogswellia nevadensis (S. Watson) M.E. Jones
Peucedanum nevadense S. Watson
nevadense (S. Watson) Coulter & Rose var. parishii (Coulter & Rose) Jepson [M&H]
Parish’s biscuit-root
Peucedanum parishii Coulter & Rose
nuttallii (Gray) Macbride [M&H; W&S]
Nuttall’s biscuit-root
Cynomarathrum nuttallii (Gray) Coulter & Rose
Seseli nuttallii Gray
orientale Coulter & Rose [M&H; W&S]
eastern biscuit-root
Cogswellia orientalis (Coulter & Rose) M.E. Jones
triternatum (Pursh) Coulter & Rose var. platycarpum (Torrey) Boivin [Reif et al. 2009]
nineleaf biscuit-root
Peucedanum triternatum (Pursh) var. platycarpum Torrey
Musineon divaricatum (Pursh) Rafinesque var. divaricatum : Reported by McGregor (1986), but the
distribution of this species is to the north; needs verification.
Myrrhis longistylis Torrey = Osmorhiza longistylis (Torrey) A.P. de Candolle
Neoparrya false Indian-parsley
Anderson, D.G. 2004. Neoparrya lithophila Mathias (Bill's neoparrya): A technical conservation assessment. Prepared
for USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project. Available online at
http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/neoparryalithophila.pdf.
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233.
lithophila Mathias [Harman et al. 2006]
false Indian-parsley
Oreoxis alpina (Gray) Coulter & Rose = Cymopterus alpinus Gray
bakeri Coulter & Rose = Cymopterus bakeri (Coulter & Rose) M.E. Jones

98
 humilis Rafinesque : Reported by W&S, but apparently endemic to Colorado [Kartesz 1999].
macdougalii (Coulter & Rose) Rydberg = Cymopterus macdougalii (Coulter & Rose) Rydberg
Orogenia Indian-potato
Heil, K. & S. O'Kane. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 41:7. [Orogenia linearifolia]
linearifolia Watson [Heil & O’Kane 2007]
Indian-potato
Osmorhiza sweet-cicely
Lowry, P.R. II and A.G. Jones. 1984. Systematics of Osmorhiza Rafinesque (Apiaceae: Apioideae). Ann. Missouri
Bot. Gard. 71:1128-1171.
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Osmorrhiza longistylis]
berteroi DC : Kartesz’s (1999) report of this species for NM seems to be in error, being based on
Allred et al. (1986), a checklist of grasses.
chilensis Hooker & Arnott [Lowry & Jones 1984; M&H]
mountain sweet-cicely
Osmorhiza nuda Torrey
Washingtonia divaricata Britton
depauperata Philippi [Lowry & Jones 1984]
lesser sweet-cicely
Osmorhiza obtusa (Coulter & Rose) Fernald
Washingtonia obtusa Coulter & Rose
longistylis (Torrey) A.P. de Candolle [M&H; Peterson 2000; W&S]
anise-root
Myrrhis longistylis Torrey
nuda Torrey = Osmorhiza chilensis Hooker & Arnott
obtusa (Coulter & Rose) Fernald = Osmorhiza depauperata Philippi
Oxypolis cowbane
fendleri (Gray) Heller [M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s cowbane
Archemora fendleri Gray
Pastinaca parsnip
*sativa Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
wild parsnip
Perideridia yampa
Chuang, T.I. and L. Constance. 1969. A systematic study of Perideridia (Umbelliferae-Apioideae). Univ. Calif. Publ.
Bot. 55:1-74.
gairdneri (Hooker & Arnott) Mathias : Reported by M&H and W&S, but not occurring in NM
[Chuang & Constance 1969].
Carum gairdneri (Hooker & Arnott) Gray
parishii (Coulter & Rose) Nelson & Macbride subsp. parishii [Chuag & Constance 1969]
Parish’s yampa
Eulophus parishii Coulter & Rose
Peucedanum grayi Coulter & Rose = Lomatium grayi (Coulter & Rose) Coulter & Rose
lemmonii Coulter & Rose = Cymopterus lemmonii (Coulter & Rose) Dorn
nevadense S. Watson = Lomatium nevadense (S. Watson) Coulter & Rose
parishii Coulter & Rose = Lomatium nevadense (S. Watson) Coulter & Rose var. parishii (Coulter &
Rose) Jepson
triternatum (Pursh) var. platycarpum Torrey = Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coulter & Rose var.
platycarpum (Torrey) Boivin
Phellopterus bulbosus (A. Nelson) Coulter & Rose = Cymopterus bulbosus A. Nelson
macrorhizus (Buckley) Coulter & Rose = Cymopterus macrorhizus Buckley
montanus Nuttall = Cymopterus montanus Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray
multinervatus Coulter & Rose = Cymopterus multinervatus (Coulter & Rose) Tidestrom
utahensis (M.E. Jones) Wooton & Standley = Cymopterus bulbosus A. Nelson
Pimpinella leptophylla Persoon = Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Persoon) Sprague
Podistera wood-root
Sivinski, R. & K. Lightfoot, eds. 1995. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of New Mexico. New Mexico
Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Misc. Publ. No. 4.
eastwoodiae (Coulter & Rose) Matthias & Constance [M&H; Sivinski & Lightfoot 1995]

99
 wood-root
Ligusticella eastwoodiae Coulter & Rose
Ligusticum eastwoodiae Rose
Polytaenia nuttallii A.P. de Candolle : Reported by Gleason & Cronquist (1991), but this seems unlikely
in view of its distribution; needs verification.
Pseudocymopterus davidsonii (Coulter & Rose) Matthias = Cymopterus davidsonii (Coulter & Rose) R.L.
Hartman
filicinus Wooton & Standley = Cymopterus lemmonii (Coulter & Rose) Dorn
hendersonii Coulter & Rose = Cymopterus hendersonii (Coulter & Rose) Cronquist
longiradiatus Matthias, Constance, & Theobald = Cymopterus longiradiatus (Matthias, Constance,
& Theobald) R.L. Hartman
montanus (Gray) Coulter & Rose = Cymopterus lemmonii (Coulter & Rose) Dorn
multifidus Rydberg = Cymopterus lemmonii (Coulter & Rose) Dorn
purpureus (Coulter & Rose) Rydberg = Cymopterus lemmonii (Coulter & Rose) Dorn
tenuifolius (Gray) Rydberg = Cymopterus lemmonii (Coulter & Rose) Dorn
Pseudopteryxia longiloba Rydberg = Cymopterus hendersonii (Coulter & Rose) Cronquist
Pteryxia davidsonii (Coulter & Rose) Matthias & Constance = Cymopterus davidsonii (Coulter & Rose)
R.L. Hartman
hendersonii (Coulter & Rose) Mathias & Constance = Cymopterus hendersonii (Coulter & Rose)
Cronquist
petraea (M.E. Jones) Coulter & Rose = Cymopterus petraeus M.E. Jones
Sanicula snakeroot
canadensis Linnaeus : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
marilandica Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
black snakeroot
Selinum grayi Coulter & Rose = Angelica grayi (Coulter & Rose) Coulter & Rose
Seseli nuttallii Gray = Lomatium nuttallii (Gray) Macbride
Sium cicutifolium Schrank = Sium suave T. Walter
erectum Hudson = Berula erecta (Hudson) Coville
suave T. Walter : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
Sium cicutifolium Schrank
Spermolepis scaleseed
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Spermolepis inermis]
divaricata (T. Walter) Rafinesque ex Seringe [M&H; W&S]
spreading scaleseed
Daucus divaricatus Walter
echinata (Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle) Heller [M&H; W&S]
bristly scaleseed
Leptocaulis echinatus Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle
inermis (Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle) Matthias & Constance [Allred 1999]
Red River scaleseed
Leptocaulis inermis Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle
Thaspium montanum Gray = Cymopterus lemmonii (Coulter & Rose) Dorn
Torilis hedge-parsley
Bleakly, D. 2005. Plant distribution reports (Torilis arvensis). The New Mexico Botanist 33:7
*arvensis (Hudson) Link [Bleakly 2005]
spreading hedge-parsley
Caucalis arvensis Hudson
Washingtonia divaricata Britton = Osmorhiza chilensis Hooker & Arnott
longistylis (Torrey) Britton in Britton & Brown [=Osmorhiza longistylis (Torrey) Britton] :
Reported by W&S, but not occurring in NM [Lowrey & Jones 1984].
obtusa Coulter & Rose = Osmorhiza depauperata Philippi
Yabea false carrot
Wagner, W.L. 1979. New records to the Animas Mountain flora, New Mexico. Southw. Naturalist 24(2):291-296.
[Yabea microcarpa]
microcarpa (Hooker & Arnott) Koso-Poljansky [M&H; Wagner 1979]
false carrot
Caucalis microcarpa Hooker & Arnott

100
 Family APOCYNACEAE
McLaughlin, S.P. 1994. Apocynaceae. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 27(2):164-168.
Amsonia bluestar
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Amsonia tharpii]
McLaughlin, S.P. 1982. A revision of the southwestern species of Amsonia (Apocynaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
69:336-350.
McLaughlin, S.P. 1985. A new species of Amsonia (Apocynaceae) from central New Mexico. Southw. Naturalist
30:563-565. [Amsonia fugatei]
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, & R. Peterson. 1994. Additions to the native and adventive flora of New Mexico. Phytologia
76(6):473-479. [Amsonia jonesii]
arenaria Standley = Amsonia tomentosa Torrey & Fremont var. stenophylla Kearney & Peebles
brevifolia of NM reports = Amsonia tomentosa Torrey & Fremont var. stenophylla Kearney &
Peebles; the true Amsonia brevifolia Gray occurs in southern CA, southern NV, and
northwestern AZ (McLaughlin 1982).
+fugatei S.P. McLaughlin [McLaughlin 1985]
Fugate’s bluestar
hirtella Standley = Amsonia palmeri Gray
jonesii Woodson [Sivinski et al. 1994]
Jones’s bluestar
longiflora Torrey var. longiflora [M&H; McLaughlin 1982; W&S]
trumpet bluestar
longiflora Torrey var. salpignatha (Woodson) McLaughlin [McLaughlin 1982]
trumpet bluestar
palmeri Gray [M&H; McLaughlin 1982; W&S]
Palmer’s bluestar
Amsonia hirtella Standley
Amsonia standleyi Woodson
standleyi Woodson = Amsonia palmeri Gray
tharpii Woodson [Allred 1999]
Tharp’s bluestar
tomentosa Torrey & Fremont var. stenophylla Kearney & Peebles [M&H; McLaughlin 1982;
W&S]
wooly bluestar
Amsonia arenaria Standley
Amsonia brevifolia of NM reports
Apocynum dogbane
ambigens Greene = Apocynum androsaemifolium Linnaeus var. glabrum Macoun
androsaemifolium Linnaeus var. androsaemifolium [M&H; W&S]
spreading dogbane
Apocynum scopulorum Greene
androsaemifolium Linnaeus var. glabrum Macoun [M&H; W&S]
spreading dogbane
Apocynum ambigens Greene
angustifolium Wooton = Apocynum cannabinum Linnaeus
cannabinum Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
Indian-hemp
Apocynum angustifolium Wooton
Apocynum cannabinum Linnaeus var. angustifolium (Wooton) N. Holmgren
Apocynum cannabinum Linnaeus var. glaberrimum A.A.P. de Candolle
Apocynum hypericifolium Aiton
Apocynum laurinum Greene
Apocynum sibericum Jacquin var. salignum (Greene) Fernald
Apocynum suksdorfii Greene var. angustifolium (Wooton) Woodson
Apocynum suksdorfii Greene var. suksdorfii
Apocynum viride Wooton & Standley
cannabinum Linnaeus var. angustifolium (Wooton) N. Holmgren Apocynum cannabinum Linnaeus
cannabinum Linnaeus var. glaberrimum A.A.P. de Candolle = Apocynum cannabinum Linnaeus

101
 cannabinum Linnaeus var. lividum (Greene) A. Nelson = Apocynum medium Greene var. lividum
(Greene) Woodson
floribundum Greene = Apocynum medium Greene var. floribundum (Greene) Woodson
hypericifolium Aiton = Apocynum cannabinum Linnaeus
laurinum Greene = Apocynum cannabinum Linnaeus
lividum Greene = Apocynum medium Greene var. lividum (Greene) Woodson
medium Greene var. floribundum (Greene) Woodson [M&H]
intermediate dogbane
Apocynum floribundum Greene
medium Greene var. lividum (Greene) Woodson [M&H; W&S]
intermediate dogbane
Apocynum cannabinum Linnaeus var. lividum (Greene) A. Nelson
Apocynum lividum Greene
scopulorum Greene = Apocynum androsaemifolium Linnaeus var. androsaemifolium
sibericum Jacquin var. salignum (Greene) Fernald = Apocynum cannabinum Linnaeus
suksdorfii Greene var. angustifolium (Wooton) Woodson = Apocynum cannabinum Linnaeus
suksdorfii Greene var. suksdorfii = Apocynum cannabinum Linnaeus
viride Wooton & Standley = Apocynum cannabinum Linnaeus var. cannabinum
Haplophyton cockroach plant
Benson, L. 1942. Notes on the flora of Arizona. Torreya 42:9-11.
cimicidum A.P. de Candolle var. crooksii L. Benson = Haplophyton crooksii (L. Benson) L. Benson
crooksii (L. Benson) L. Benson [M&H]
cockroach plant
Haplophyton cimicidum A.P. de Candolle var. crooksii L. Benson
Echites brachysiphon Torrey = Telosiphonia brachysiphon (Torrey) Henrickson
Macrosiphonia brachysiphon (Torrey) Gray = Telosiphonia brachysiphon (Torrey) Henrickson
Telosiphonia rock-trumpets
Henrickson, J. 1996. Studies in Macrosiphonia (Apocynaceae): Generic recognition of Telosiphonia. Aliso 14(3):179-
195.
brachysiphon (Torrey) Henrickson [Henrickson 1996; M&H]
rock-trumpets
Echites brachysiphon Torrey
Macrosiphonia brachysiphon (Torrey) Gray
Vinca periwinkle
Johnson, S. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 19:3. [Vinca major]
*major Linnaeus [Johnson 2001]
periwinkle

Family AQUIFOLIACEAE
Ilex myrsinites Pursh = Paxistima myrsinites (Pursh) Rafinesque [Celastraceae]

Family ARALIACEAE
[Hederaceae]
Aralia spikenard
Wen, J., S. Shi, R.K. Jansen, & E.A. Zimmer. 1998. Phylogeny and biogeography of Aralia sect. Aralia (Araliaceae).
Amer. J. Bot. 85(6):866-875.
bicrenata Wooton & Standley = Aralia racemosa Linnaeus subsp. bicrenata (Wooton & Standley)
Welsh & Atwood
humilis Cavanilles : Reported questionably by Kartesz (1999); awaits verification.
racemosa Linnaeus subsp. bicrenata (Wooton & Standley) Welsh & Atwood [M&H;
W&S]
American spikenard
Aralia bicrenata Wooton & Standley
Hedera ivy
Allred, K.W. 2010. Plant distribution reports (Hedera helix). The New Mexico Botanist 49:8.
helix Linnaeus [Allred 2010]
English ivy

102
 Family ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
Aristolochia Dutchman’s-pipe
Barringer, K. 1997. Aristolochia, pp. 45-50. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
Pfeifer, H.Wm. 1976. An error in the typification of Aristolochia watsoni Wooton and Standley. Brittonia 28:352.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470.
brevipes Bentham var. acuminata Watson (non Aristolochia acuminata Lamarck) = Aristolochia
watsonii Wooton & Standley
watsonii Wooton & Standley [Barringer 1997; M&H; W&S]
Indian-root
Aristolochia brevipes Bentham var. acuminata Watson (non Aristolochia acuminata
Lamarck)
wrightii Seemann [Barringer 1997; Spellenberg et al. 1986]
Wright’s Dutchman’s-pipe

Family ASCLEPIADACEAE
Liede, S. 1997. Subtribes and genera of the tribe Asclepiadeae (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) - a synopsis. Taxon
46:233-248.
Sundell, E. 1994. Asclepiadaceae. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 27(2):169-187.
Acerates asperula Decaisne = Asclepias asperula (Decaisne) Woodson
auriculata Engelmann = Asclepias engelmanniana Woodson
ivesii (Britton) Wooton & Standley = Asclepias viridiflora Rafinesque
rusbyi Vail = Asclepias rusbyi (Vail) Woodson
viridiflora (Rafinesque) Eaton = Asclepias viridiflora Rafinesque
Asclepias milkweed
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Asclepias verticillata]
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp.
[Asclepias verticillata]
Heil, K. & S. O'Kane. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 41:7. [Asclepias cutleri, Asclepias
ruthiae]
Heil, K.D., J.M. Porter, and S.L. Welsh. 1989. A new species of Asclepias (Asclepiadaceae) from northwestern New
Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist 49:100-103. [Asclepias sanjuanensis]
Holmgren, P.K. & N.H. Holmgren. 1984. Asclepiadaceae, pp. 31-50. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 4. New York
botanical Garden. [Asclepias hallii, Asclepias macrosperma]
Kephart, S.R., R.Wyatt, & D. Parrella. 1988. Hybridization in North American Asclepias. I. Morphological evidence.
Syst. Bot. 13(3):456-473.
Sundell, E. 1990. Notes on Arizona Asclepias (Asclepiadaceae) with a new combination. Phytologia 69(4):265-270.
Woodson, R.E. 1954. The North American species of Asclepias. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 41:1-211.
arenaria Torrey [M&H; W&S]
sand milkweed
asperula (Decaisne) Woodson subsp. asperula [M&H]
spider milkweed
Asclepias capricornu Woodson subsp. occidentalis Woodson
Acerates asperula Decaisne
asperula (Decaisne) Woodson subsp. capricornu (Woodson) Woodson [M&H; W&S]
antelope-horns
Asclepias capricornu Woodson
Asclepiodora decumbens (Nuttall) Gray
brachystephana Engelmann ex Torrey [M&H; W&S]
shortcrown milkweed
capricornu Woodson = Asclepias asperula (Decaisne) Woodson subsp. capricornu (Woodson)
Woodson
capricornu Woodson subsp. occidentalis Woodson = Asclepias asperula (Decaisne) Woodson subsp.
asperula
cutleri Woodson [Heil & O’Kane 2007]
Cutler’s milkweed
elata Bentham = Asclepias glaucescens Kunth
emoryi (Greene) Vail [M&H; W&S]
Emory’s comet
Podostemma emoryi Greene

103
engelmanniana Woodson [M&H; W&S]
Engelmann milkweed
Acerates auriculata Engelmann
engelmanniana Woodson var. rusbyi (Vail) Kearney = Asclepias rusbyi (Vail) Woodson
galioides Kunth [=Asclepias mexicana Cavanilles] : Not known to occur in NM [Woodson 1954].
galioides of numerous American authors = Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail
glaucescens Kunth [M&H; W&S]
nodding milkweed
Asclepias elata Bentham
hallii Gray [Holmgren & Holmgren 1984] Note : No specimens from NM are known, and the report needs to
be verified.
Hall’s milkweed
hypoleuca (Gray) Woodson [M&H; W&S]
mahogany milkweed
Gomphocarpus hypoleucus Gray
incarnata Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
swamp milkweed
involucrata Engelmann ex Torrey [M&H; W&S]
dwarf milkweed
latifolia (Torrey) Rafinesque [M&H; W&S]
broad-leaf milkweed
Asclepias obtusifolia Michaux β latifolia Torrey
linaria Cavanilles [M&H]
pine-needle milkweed
macrosperma Eastwood [Holmgren & Holmgren 1984; M&H]
big-seed milkweed
macrotis Torrey [M&H; W&S]
long-eared milkweed
obtusifolia Michaux β latifolia Torrey = Asclepias latifolia (Torrey) Rafinesque
nummularia Torrey [M&H; W&S]
tufted milkweed
nyctaginifolia Gray [M&H]
Mojave milkweed
Podostemma nyctaginifolia (Gray) Greene
oenotheroides Chamisso & Schlectendal [M&H; W&S]
zizotes milkweed
Asclepias wrightii Greene
Podostemma lindheimeri (Engelmann & Gray) Greene
pumila (Gray) Vail [M&H; W&S]
low milkweed
Asclepias verticillata Linnaeus var. pumila Gray
quinquedentata Gray [M&H; W&S]
slimpod milkweed
rusbyi (Vail) Woodson [M&H; W&S]
Rusby’s milkweed
Acerates rusbyi Vail
Asclepias engelmanniana Woodson var. rusbyi (Vail) Kearney
ruthiae Maguire [Heil & O’Kane 2007]
Ruth’s milkweed
Asclepias uncialis Greene subsp. ruthiae (Maguire) Kartesz & Gandhi
+sanjuanensis Heil, Porter, & Welsh [Heil et al. 1989]
San Juan milkweed
scaposa Vail [M&H; W&S]
bear mountain milkweed
speciosa Torrey [M&H; W&S]

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 showy milkweed
subverticillata (Gray) Vail [M&H; W&S]
horsetail milkweed
Asclepias galioides of numerous American authors
Asclepias verticillata Linnaeus var. subverticillata Gray
tuberosa Linnaeus subsp. interior Woodson [Sundell 1994; W&S]
butterfly milkweed
Asclepias tuberosa Linnaeus subsp. terminalis Woodson
tuberosa Linnaeus subsp. terminalis Woodson = Asclepias tuberosa Linnaeus subsp. interior
Woodson
uncialis Greene [M&H; W&S]
wheel milkweed
uncialis Greene subsp. ruthiae (Maguire) Kartesz & Gandhi = Asclepias ruthiae Maguire &
Woodson
verticillata Linnaeus [Allred 1999; Great Plains Flora Association 1977]
whorled milkweed
verticillata Linnaeus var. pumila Gray = Asclepias pumila (Gray) Vail
verticillata Linnaeus var. subverticillata Gray = Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail
viridiflora Rafinesque [M&H; W&S]
green comet
Acerates ivesii (Britton) Wooton & Standley
Acerates viridiflora (Rafinesque) Eaton
Asclepias viridiflora Rafinesque var. lanceolata (Ives) Torrey
viridiflora Rafinesque var. lanceolata (Ives) Torrey = Asclepias viridiflora Rafinesque
wrightii Greene = Asclepias oenotheroides Chamisso & Schlectendal
Asclepiodora decumbens (Nuttall) Gray = Asclepias asperula (Decaisne) Woodson subsp. capricornu
Woodson
Cynanchum climbing milkweed
Henrickson, J. 1987. Notes on Cynanchum (Asclepiadaceae). Sida 12(1):91-99.
Sundell, E. 1981. The new world species of Cynanchum subgenus Mellichampia (Asclepiadaceae). Evol. Monographs
5:1-63.
Todsen, T.K. 1984. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 31:125. [Cynanchum wigginsii, as Cryptantha
arizonicum]
arizonicum (Gray) Shinners : Reported by Todsen (1984), but the specimen is now identified as
Cynanchum wigginsii Shinners [Robert Sivinski, pers. comm. 1996].
wigginsii Shinners [Todsen 1984]
Wiggins’s climbing milkweed
Funastrum milkvine
Holm, R.W. 1950. The American species of Sarcostemma R. Brown (Asclepiadaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
37:477-560.
Liede, S. 1996. Sarcostemma (Asclepiadaceae) – a controversial generic circumscription reconsidered: Morphological
evidence. Syst. Bot. 21(1):31-44.
Turner, B.L. 2008. Biological status of Funastrum cynanchoides and F. hartwegii (Asclepiadaceae). Phytologia
90(1):36-40.
crispum (Bentham) Schlechtendal [M&H; W&S]
wavy-leaf milkvine
Philibertella crispa (Bentham) Vail
Sarcostemma crispum Bentham
cynanchoides (Decaisne) Schlechtendal [M&H; W&S]
climbing milkweed
Funastrum cynanchoides (Decaisne) Schlechtendal
Philibertella cynanchoides (Decaisne) Vail
Sarcostemma cynanchoides Decaisne subsp. cynanchoides
hartwegii (Vail) Schlechtendal [M&H; W&S]
Hartweg’s milkvine
Funastrum heterophyllum (Engelmann ex Torrey) Standley
Philibertella hartwegii Vail
Philibertella heterophylla (Engelmann ex Torrey) Cockerell
Sarcostemma cynanchoides Decaisne subsp. hartwegii (Vail) R. Holm

105
 Sarcostemma heterophyllum Engelmann ex Torrey
heterophyllum (Engelmann ex Torrey) Standley = Funastrum hartwegii (Vail) Schlechtendal
Gomphocarpus hypoleucus Gray = Asclepias hypoleuca (Gray) Woodson
Gonolobus parvifolius Torrey : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
Vincetoxicum parvifolium (Torrey) Heller
productus Torrey = Matelea producta (Torrey) Woodson
reticulatus Engelmann : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
Vincetoxicum reticulatum (Engelmann) Heller
Matelea milkvine
Krings, A., D.T. Thomas, & Q. Xiang. 2008. On the generic circumscription of Gonolobus (Apocynaceae,
Asclepiadoideae): Evidence from molecules and morphology. Syst. Bot. 33(2):403-415.
biflora (Rafinesque) Woodson : Reported without documentation by Kartesz (1999); awaits
verification.
producta (Torrey) Woodson [M&H; W&S]
Texas milkvine
Gonolobus productus Torrey
Vincetoxicum productum (Torrey) Vail
Philibertella crispa (Bentham) Vail = Funastrum crispum (Bentham) Schlechtendal
cynanchoides (Decaisne) Vail = Funastrum cynanchoides (Decaisne) Schlechtendal
hartwegii Vail = Funastrum hartwegii (Vail) Schlechtendal
heterophylla (Engelmann) Cockerell = Funastrum hartwegii (Vail) Schlechtendal
Podostemma emoryi Greene = Asclepias emoryi (Greene) Vail
lindheimeri (Engelmann & Gray) Greene = Asclepias oenotheroides Chamisso & Schlectendal
nyctaginifolia (Gray) Greene = Asclepias nyctaginifolia Gray
Sarcostemma crispa Bentham = Funastrum crispum (Bentham) Schlechtendal
cynanchoides Decaisne subsp. cynanchoides = Funastrum cynanchoides (Decaisne) Schlechtendal
cynanchoides Decaisne subsp. hartwegii (Vail) R. Holm = Funastrum hartwegii (Vail) Schlechtendal
heterophyllum Englemann = Funastrum hartwegii (Vail) Schlechtendal
Vincetoxicum parvifolium (Torrey) Heller = Gonolobus parvifolius Torrey
productum (Torrey) Vail = Matelea producta (Torrey) Woodson
reticulatum (Engelmann) Heller = Gonolobus reticulatus Engelmann

Family ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE)

[Ambrosiaceae, Cichoriaceae, Mutisiaceae]
Barkley, T.M., L. Brouillet, & J.L. Strother. 2006. Asteraceae. IN: Flora of North America, vols. 19, 20, & 21. Oxford
University Press.
Kittell, M.T. 1941. A Critical Revision of the Compositae of Arizona and New Mexico. The Catholic University of
America, Biological Series No. 34.
Nesom, G.L. 2000. Generic conspectus of the tribe Astereae (Asteraceae) in North America and Central America, the
Antilles, and Hawaii. Sida, Botanical Miscellany No. 20.
Acanthoxanthium spinosum (Linnaeus) Fourrreau = Xanthium spinosum Linnaeus
Achaetogeron chihuahuensis Larsen = Erigeron versicolor (Greenman) Nesom
versicolor Greenman = Erigeron versicolor (Greenman) Nesom
Achillea yarrow
Cronquist, A. 1994. Achillea, pp. 134-136. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
Tyrl, R.J. 1975. Origin and distribution of polyploid Achillea (Compositae) in western North America. Brittonia
27:187-196.
alpicola Rydberg = Achillea millefolium Linnaeus
lanulosa Nuttall subsp. apicola (Rydberg) Keck = Achillea millefolium Linnaeus
lanulosa Nuttall subsp. lanulosa = Achillea millefolium Linnaeus
lanulosa Nuttall subsp. typica Keck = Achillea millefolium Linnaeus
laxiflora Pollard & Cockerell = Achillea millefolium Linnaeus
millefolium Linnaeus var. alpicola (Rydberg) Garrett = Achillea millefolium Linnaeus
millefolium Linnaeus var. lanulosa (Nuttall) Piper = Achillea millefolium Linnaeus
millefolium Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
western yarrow
Achillea alpicola Rydberg
Achillea lanulosa Nuttall subsp. apicola (Rydberg) Keck
Achillea lanulosa Nuttall subsp. lanulosa
Achillea lanulosa Nuttall subsp. typica Keck
Achillea laxiflora Pollard & Cockerell

106
 Achillea millefolium Linnaeus var. alpicola (Rydberg) Garrett
Achillea millefolium Linnaeus var. lanulosa (Nuttall) Piper
Achillea millefolium Linnaeus var. occidentalis A.P. de Candolle
Achillea subalpina Greene
millefolium Linnaeus var. occidentalis A.P. de Candolle = Achillea millefolium Linnaeus
subalpina Greene = Achillea millefolium Linnaeus
Achyropappus neomexicanus Gray = Schkuhria multiflora Hooker & Arnott
woodhousei Gray = Picradeniopsis woodhousei (Gray) Rydberg
Aciphyllaea acerosa (A.P. de Candolle) Gray = Thymophylla acerosa (A.P. de Candolle) Strother
Acosta maculosa of American authors = Centaurea stoebe Linnaeus subsp. micranthos (S.G. Gmelin ex
Gugler) Hayek
Acourtia desert-holly
Reveal, J.L. and R.M. King. 1973. Re-establishment of Acourtia D. Don (Asteraceae). Phytologia 15:228-232.
nana (Gray) Reveal & King [M&H; W&S]
desert-holly
Perezia nana Gray
thurberi (Gray) Reveal & King [M&H; W&S]
desert peony
Perezia thurberi Gray
wrightii (Gray) Reveal & King [M&H; W&S]
fluff-root
Perezia wrightii Gray
Acroptilon knapweed
Allred, K.W. & R. Lee. 1999. Knapweeds, starthistles, and basketflowers of New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist
10:1-4.
*repens (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle [M&H]
Russian knapweed
Centaurea picris Pallas ex Willdenow
Centaurea repens Linnaeus
Actinea acaulis (Pursh) Sprengel = Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene var acaulis
depressa Torrey & Gray var. pygmaea Gray = Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene var acaulis
acaulis (Pursh) Sprengel subsp. arizonica (Greene) Blake = Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene var.
arizonica (Greene) Parker
arizonica (Greene) A. Nelson = Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene var. arizonica (Greene) Parker
brandegei (Porter ex Gray) Rydberg = Hymenoxys brandegei (Porter ex Gray) Parker
formosa (Greene ex Wooton & Standley) Nelson = Tetraneuris formosa Greene ex Wooton &
Standley
linearifolia (Hooker) Torrey & Gray = Tetraneuris linearifolia (Hooker) Greene
linearifolia (Hooker) Torrey & Gray var. oblongifolia (Greene) Kittell = Tetraneuris linearifolia
(Hooker) Greene
scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Kuntze = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) var. scaposa
Actinella acaulis Pursh = Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene
argentea Gray = Tetraneuris argentea (Gray) Greene
bigelovii Gray = Hymenoxys bigelovii (Gray) Parker
brandegei Porter ex Gray = Hymenoxys brandegei (Porter ex Gray) K.F. Parker
carnosa A. Nelson = Chamaechaenactis scaposa (Eastwood) Rydberg var. scaposa
glabra Nuttall = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Greene var. scaposa
leptoclada Torrey = Tetraneuris argentea (Gray) Greene
odorata (A.P. de Candolle) Gray = Hymenoxys odorata A.P. de Candolle
richardsonii (Hooker) Nuttall = Hymenoxys richardsonii (Hooker) Cockerell var. richardsonii
richardsonii (Hooker) Nuttall var. floribunda Gray = Hymenoxys richardsonii (Hooker) Cockerell
var. floribunda (Gray) Parker
rusbyi Gray = Hymenoxys rusbyi (Gray) Cockerell
scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Greene var. scaposa
scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall var. angustifolia (Greene) Kittell = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de
Candolle) Greene var. scaposa
scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall var. linearis Nuttall = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de Candolle)
Greene var. scaposa
torreyana Nuttall = Tetraneuris torreyana (Nuttall) Greene

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 vaseyi Gray = Hymenoxys vaseyi (Gray) Cockerell
Actinomeris longifolia Gray = Verbesina longifolia Gray
Adenophyllum dogweed
Sivinski, R. 2000. Flora Neomexicana: something old and something new. Native Plant Society of New Mexico
Newsletter 25(1):10-11.
Strother, J.L. 1986. Renovation of Dyssodia (Compositae: Tageteae). Sida 11:371-378.
wrightii Gray [M&H; Sivinski 2000; W&S]
Wright’s dogweed
Dyssodia neomexicana (Gray) Robinson
Hymenatherum neomexicanum Gray
Thymophylla neomexicana (Gray) Wooton & Standley
Ageratina snakeroot
Carter, J. 2009. New plant distribution reports [Ageratina lemmonii]. The New Mexico Botanist 46:7.
Schilling, E.E., J.L. Panero, & P.B. Cox. 1999. Chloroplast DNA restriction site data support a narrowed
interpretation of Eupatorium (Asteraceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 219:209-223.
herbacea (Gray) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson [M&H; W&S]
fragrant snakeroot
Eupatorium ageratifolium A.P. de Candolle var. herbaceum Gray
Eupatorium arizonicum Greene
Eupatorium herbaceum (Gray) Greene
lemmonii (B.L. Robinson) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson [Carter 2009]
Lemmon’s snakeroot
Eupatorium lemmonii B.L. Robinson
rothrockii (Gray) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson [M&H; W&S]
Rothrock’s snakeroot
Eupatorium rothrockii Gray
wrightii (Gray) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s snakeroot
Eupatorium wrightii Gray
Ageratum whiteweed
corymbosum Zuccarini [M&H; W&S]
whiteweed
Coelestina corymbosa A.P. de Candolle
Coelestina sclerophylla Wooton & Standley
Agoseris agoseris
Baird, G.I. 2004. Two new varieties of Agoseris (Asteraceae: Lactuceae). Sida 29(1):267-274.
Baird, G.I. 2006. Agoseris, p. 323-335. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 19. Oxford University Press, New York.
Cronquist, A. 1994. Agoseris, pp. 428-433. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
Hershey, A.L. & P.J. Leyendecker, Jr. 1944. Notes on plants of New Mexico—III. Leaflets of Western Botany
4(2):21-25. [Agoseris heterophylla]
arizonica (Greene) Greene = Agoseris aurantiaca (Hooker) Greene var. purpurea (Gray) Cronquist
aurantiaca (Hooker) Greene var. aurantiaca [M&H; W&S]
orange-flowered agoseris
Agoseris gracilens Greene var. greenei (Gray) Greene
Agoseris greenei (Gray) Rydberg
Troximon aurantiacum Hooker
aurantiaca (Hooker) Greene var. purpurea (Gray) Cronquist [M&H; W&S]
Arizona agoseris
Agroseris arizonica (Greene) Greene
Agoseris graminifolia Greene
Agoseris leptocarpa Osterhout
Agoseris purpurea (Gray) Greene
Macrorhynchus purpureus Gray
Troximon arizonicum Greene
cuspidata (Pursh) Steudel = Nothocalais cuspidata (Pursh) Greene
glauca (Pursh) D. Dietrich var. glauca [M&H; W&S]
pale agoseris
Agoseris pumila (Nuttall) Rydberg
Troximon glaucum Pursh

108
 glauca (Pursh) Rafinesque var. laciniata (D.C. Eaton) Kuntze = Agoseris parviflora (Nuttall) D.
Dietrich
glauca (Pursh) Rafinesque var. laciniata (D.C. Eaton) Smiley = Agoseris parviflora (Nuttall) D.
Dietrich
glauca (Pursh) Rafinesque var. parviflora (Nuttall) Rydberg = Agoseris parviflora (Nuttall) D.
Dietrich
gracilens Greene var. greenei (Gray) Greene = Agoseris aurantiaca (Hooker) Greene var. aurantiaca
graminifolia Greene = Agoseris aurantiaca (Hooker) Greene var. purpurea (Gray) Cronquist
greenei (Gray) Rydberg = Agoseris aurantiaca (Hooker) Greene var. aurantiaca
heterophylla (Nuttall) Greene var. heterophylla [Hershey & Leyendecker 1944; M&H]
annual agoseris
Macrorhynchus heterophyllus Nuttall
heterophylla (Nuttall) Greene var. quentinii G.I. Baird [Baird 2004]
annual agoseris
laciniata (D.C. Eaton) Greene = Agoseris parviflora (Nuttall) D. Dietrich
leptocarpa Osterhout = Agoseris aurantiaca (Hooker) Greene var. purpurea (Gray) Cronquist
parviflora (Nuttall) Dietrich [M&H; W&S]
cutleaf agoseris
Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Rafinesque var. laciniata (D.C. Eaton) Kuntze
Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Rafinesque var. laciniata (D.C. Eaton) Smiley
Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Rafinesque var. parviflora (Nuttall) Rydberg
Agoseris laciniata (D.C. Eaton) Greene
Agoseris taraxacifolia (Nuttall) D. Dietrich
Troximon parviflorum Nuttall
pumila (Nuttall) Rydberg = Agoseris glauca (Pursh) D. Dietrich var. glauca
purpurea (Gray) Greene = Agoseris aurantiaca (Hooker) Greene var. purpurea (Gray) Cronquist
taraxacifolia (Nuttall) D. Dietrich = Agoseris parviflora (Nuttall) D. Dietrich
Almutaster marsh-aster
Nesom, G.L. 1994 [1995]. Review of the taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), emphasizing the New
World species. Phytologia 77(3):141-297.
pauciflorus (Nuttall) A. & D. Löve [M&H; W&S]
marsh-aster
Aster hydrophilus Greene
Aster pauciflorus Nuttall
Aster pauciflorus Nuttall var. gracillimus Gray
Amauria dissecta Gray = Amauriopsis dissecta (Gray) Rydberg
Amauriopsis bahia
dissecta (Gray) Rydberg [M&H]
ragged-leaf bahia
Amauria dissecta Gray
Bahia dissecta (Gray) Britton
Villanova dissecta (Gray) Rydberg
Ambrosia ragweed
Lee, R. 1999. New Mexico’s Invasive Weeds. New Mexico State Univ. Coop. Ext. Serv. [Ambrosia grayi]
Payne, W.W. 1964. A re-evaluation of the genus Ambrosia (Compositae). J. Arnold Arbor. 45:401-430.
Peterson, K.M. & W.W. Payne. 1973. The genus Hymenoclea (Compositae: Ambrosieae). Brittonia 25:243-256.
Strother, J.L. & B.G. Baldwin. 2002. Hymenocleas are Ambrosias (Compositae). Madroño 49(3):143-144.
aptera A.P. de Candolle = Ambrosia trifida Linnaeus var. texana Scheele
acanthicarpa Hooker [M&H; W&S]
bur ragweed
Franseria acanthicarpa (Hooker) Coville
Gaertneria acanthicarpa (Hooker) Britton
artemisiifolia Linnaeus var. elatior (Linnaeus) Descourtils [M&H; W&S]
annual ragweed
Ambrosia diversifolia (Piper) Rydberg
Ambrosia elatior Linnaeus
confertiflora A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S]
Mexican ragweed
Franseria confertiflora (A.P. de Candolle) Rydberg

109
 Franseria tenuifolia Gray
Gaertneria tenuifolia (Gray) Kuntze
diversifolia (Piper) Rydberg = Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linnaeus var. elatior (Linnaeus) Descourtils
elatior Linnaeus Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linnaeus var. elatior (Linnaeus) Descourtils
grayi (A. Nelson) Shinners [Lee 1999]
wooly-leaf bursage
Gaertneria grayi A. Nelson
Franseria tomentosa Gray [not Franseria tomentosa Nuttall]
monogyra (Torrey & Gray ex Gray) Strother & Baldwin [M&H; W&S]
cheesebush
Hymenoclea monogyra Torrey & Gray ex Gray
psilostachya A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S]
perennial ragweed
Ambrosia psilostachya A.P. de Candolle var. lindheimeriana (Scheele) Blankinship
psilostachya A.P. de Candolle var. lindheimeriana (Scheele) Blankinship = Ambrosia psilostachya
A.P. de Candolle
tomentosa Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
skeleton-leaf bursage
Franseria discolor Nuttall
Franseria tomentosa (Nuttall) A. Nelson [not Franseria tomentosa Gray]
Gaertneria tomentosa (Nuttall) Heller
trifida Linnaeus var. integrifolia (Muhlenberg) Torrey & Gray = Ambrosia trifida Linnaeus var.
trifida
trifida Linnaeus var. texana Scheele [M&H; W&S]
great ragweed
Ambrosia aptera A.P. de Candolle
trifida Linnaeus var. trifida [M&H]
great ragweed
Ambrosia trifida Linnaeus var. integrifolia (Muhlenberg) Torrey & Gray
Amellus spinulosus Pursh = Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var. spinulosum
villosus Pursh = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners
Amphiachyris broomweed
Lane, M. 1979. Taxonomy of the genus Amphiachyris (Asteraceae: Astereae). Syst. Bot. 4(2):178-189.
Lane, M. 1982. Generic limits of Xanthocephalum, Gutierrezia, Amphiachyris, Gymnosperma, Greenella, and
Thurovia (Compositae: Astereae). Syst. Bot. 7:405-416.
dracunculoides (A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
prairie broomweed
Brachyris dracunculoides A.P. de Candolle
Gutierrezia dracunculoides (A.P. de Candolle) Blake
Xanthocephalum dracunculoides (A.P. de Candolle) Shinners
Anacyclus australis Siebold ex Sprengel = Cotula australis (Siebold ex Sprengel) Hooker f.
Anaphalis everlasting
margaritacea (Linnaeus) Bentham & Hooker [M&H; W&S]
pearly everlasting
Anaphalis margaritacea (Linnaeus) Gray var. angustior (Miquel) Nakai
Anaphalis margaritacea (Linnaeus) Gray var. intercedens Hara
Anaphalis margaritacea (Linnaeus) Gray var. occidentalis Greene
Anaphalis margaritacea (Linnaeus) Gray var. revoluta Suksdorf
Anaphalis margaritacea (Linnaeus) Gray var. subalpina Gray
Gnaphalium margaritaceum Linnaeus
margaritacea (Linnaeus) Gray var. angustior (Miquel) Nakai = Anaphalis margaritacea (Linnaeus)
Bentham & Hooker
margaritacea (Linnaeus) Gray var. intercedens Hara = Anaphalis margaritacea (Linnaeus) Bentham
& Hooker
margaritacea (Linnaeus) Gray var. occidentalis Greene = Anaphalis margaritacea (Linnaeus)
Bentham & Hooker
margaritacea (Linnaeus) Gray var. revoluta Suksdorf = Anaphalis margaritacea (Linnaeus) Bentham
& Hooker

110
 margaritacea (Linnaeus) Gray var. subalpina Gray = Anaphalis margaritacea (Linnaeus) Bentham &
Hooker
Antennaria pussytoes
Cronquist, A. 1994. Antennaria, pp. 368-376. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
Bayer, R.J. 1990. A systematic study of Antennaria media, A. pulchella, and A. scabra (Asteraceae: Inuleae) of the
Sierra Nevada and White Mountains. Madroño 37(3):171-183.
Bayer, R.J. 2006. Antennaria, p. 388-415. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 19. Oxford University Press, New York.
Bayer, R.J. & G.L. Stebbins. 1987. Chromosome numbers, patterns of distribution, and apomixis in Antennaria
(Asteraceae: Inuleae). Syst. Bot. 12:305-319.
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 37:7. [Antennaria dimorpha]
McGrath, J. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Antennaria corymbosa]
aprica Greene = Antennaria parvifolia Nuttall
arida E. Nelson = Antennaria rosea Greene subsp. arida (E.E. Nelson) R.J. Bayer
arida E. Nelson var. viscidula E. Nelson = Antennaria rosea Greene subsp. arida (E.E. Nelson) R.J.
Bayer
concinna E. Nelson = Antennaria rosea (D.C. Eaton) Greene subsp. confinis (Greene) R.J. Bayer
confinis Greene = Antennaria rosea (D.C. Eaton) Greene subsp. confinis (Greene) R.J. Bayer
corymbosa E. Nelson [McGrath 2000]
flat-top pussytoes
dimorpha (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray [Bayer 2006; Heil 2007]
cushion pussytoes
fendleri Greene = Antennaria marginata Greene
formosa Greene = Antennaria rosea (D.C. Eaton) Greene subsp. rosea
imbricata E. Nelson = Antennaria rosea (D.C. Eaton) Greene subsp. rosea
latisquamea Greene [not Piper] = Antennaria parvifolia Nuttall
marginata Greene [M&H; W&S]
white-margin pussytoes
Antennaria fendleri Greene
Antennaria peramoena Greene
media Greene [Bayer 1990; M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain pussytoes
Antennaria mucronata E.E. Nelson
Antennaria umbrinella sensu NM authors
microphylla Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
little-leaf pussytoes
Antennaria obovata sensu W&S and M&H
mucronata E.E. Nelson = Antenarria media Greene
obovata sensu W&S and M&H = Antennaria microphylla Rydberg
parvifolia Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
Nuttall’s pussytoes
Antennaria aprica Greene
Antennaria latisquamea Greene [not Piper]
peramoena Greene = Antennaria marginata Greene
rosea (D.C. Eaton) Greene subsp. confinis (Greene) R.J. Bayer [W&S]
rosy pussytoes
Antennaria concinna E. Nelson
Antennaria confinis Greene
rosea (D.C. Eaton) Greene subsp. arida (E.E. Nelson) R.J. Bayer [Bayer 2006; M&H; W&S]
rosy pussytoes
Antennaria arida E.E. Nelson
Antennaria arida E.E. Nelson subsp. viscidula E.E. Nelson
Antennaria viscidula (E.E. Nelson) Rydberg
rosea (D.C. Eaton) Greene subsp. rosea [W&S]
rosy pussytoes
Antennaria formosa Greene
Antennaria imbricata E. Nelson
rosulata Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
wooly pussytoes
Antennaria sierrae-blancae Rydberg

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 sierrae-blancae Rydberg = Antennaria rosulata Rydberg
umbrinella sensu NM authors = Antennaria media Greene
viscidula (E. Nelson) Rydberg = Antennaria rosea Greene subsp. arida (E.E. Nelson) R.J. Bayer
Anthemis chamomile
*cotula Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
stinking chamomile
Maruta cotula (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle
Antheropeas lanosum (Gray) Rydberg = Eriophyllum lanosum Gray
Aphanostephus faintcrown
Turner, B.L. 1984. Taxonomy of the genus Aphanostephus (Asteraceae–Astereae). Phytologia 56:81-101.
Worthington, R. 2006. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 35:3. [Aphanostephus ramosissimus
ramosissimus]
arizonicus Gray = Aphanostephus ramosissimus A.P. de Candolle var. humilis (Bentham) Turner &
Birdsong
arkansanus (A.P. de Candolle) Gray = Aphanostephus skirrhobasis (A.P. de Candolle) Trelease
humilis Bentham = Aphanostephus ramosissimus A.P. de Candolle var. humilis (Bentham) Turner &
Birdsong
perennis Wooton & Standley = Aphanostephus riddellii Torrey & Gray
ramosissimus A.P. de Candolle var. humilis (Bentham) Turner & Birdsong [Turner 1984]
low faintcrown
Aphanostephus arizonicus Gray
Aphanostephus humilis Bentham
ramosissimus A.P. de Candolle var. ramosissimus [Worthington 2006]
low faintcrown
riddellii Torrey & Gray [M&H; W&S]
Riddell’s faintcrown
Aphanostephus perennis Wooton & Standley
skirrhobasis (A.P. de Candolle) Trelease [M&H; Turner 1984; W&S]
Arkansas dozedaisy
Aphanostephus arkansanus (A.P. de Candolle) Gray
Keerlia skirrhobasis A.P. de Candolle
Aplopappus blephariphyllus Gray = Xanthisma blephariphyllum (Gray) Morgan & Hartman
linearifolius Buckley = Baccharis texana (Torrey & Gray) Gray
Arctium burdock
Arènes, J. 1950. Monographie du genre Arctium L. Bull. Jard. Bot. État 20:67-156.
*minus (Hill) Bernhardi [M&H; W&S]
burdock
Lappa minus Hill
Arida spine-aster
Morgan, D.R. & R.L. Hartman. 2003. A synopsis of Machaeranthera (Asteraceae: Astereae), with recognition of
segregate genera. Sida 20(4):1387-1416.
Nesom, G.L., L.A. Vorobik, and R.L. Hartman. 1990. The identity of Aster blepharophyllus (Asteraceae: Astereae).
Syst. Bot. 15(4):638-642.
blepharophylla (Gray) Morgana & Hartman [Nesom et al. 1990]
La Playa Springs spine-aster
Aster blepharophyllus Gray
Machaeranthera gypsitherma Nesom, Vorobik, & Hartman
parviflora (Gray) Morgan & Hartman [M&H; W&S]
small-flower spine-aster
Aster parvulus Blake
Aster tanacetifolius Kunth var. pygmaeus Gray
Machaeranthera parviflora Gray
Machaeranthera pygmaea (Gray) Wooton & Standley
riparia (Kunth) Morgan & Hartman [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
Sonoran spine-aster
Aster riparius Kunth
Machaeranthera riparia (Kunth) A.G. Jones
Machaeranthera sonorae (Gray) Stucky

112
Arnica arnica
Downie, S.R. & K.E. Denford. 1988. Taxonomy of Arnica (Asteraceae) subgenus Arctica. Rhodora 90:245-275.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Arnica fulgens]
Wolf, S.J. & K.E. Denford. 1984. Taxonomy of Arnica (Compositae) subgenus Astromontana. Rhodora 86:239-309.
Worthington, R. 2005. Plant distribution reports (Arnica latifolia, Carex bebbii, Carex capitata, Carex garberi). The
New Mexico Botanist 32:7.
chamissonis Lessing subsp. foliosa (Nuttall) Maguire [M&H; W&S]
leafy arnica
Arnica foliosa Nuttall
cordifolia Hooker [M&H; W&S]
heart-leaf arnica
foliosa Nuttall = Arnica chamissonis Lessing subsp. foliosa (Nuttall) Maguire
fulgens Pursh [Heil et al. 2002]
shining arnica
latifolia Bongard [Worthington 2005]
daffodil arnica
Artemisia sagebrush, wormwood
Beetle, A.A. 1960. A study of sagebrush: the section Tridentatae of Artemisia. Univ. Wyoming Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull.
368.
Keck, D.D. 1946. A revision of the Artemisia vulgaris complex in North America. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. IV. 25:421-
468.
McArthur, E.D. & S.C. Sanderson. 1999. Cytogeography and chromosome evolution of subgenus Tridentatae of
Artemisia (Asteraceae). Amer. J. Bot. 86(12):1754-1775.
Schiebout, M.H., D.L. Hazlett, & N. Snow. 2008. A floristic survey of vascular plants over parts of northeastern New
Mexico. J. Res. Inst. Texas 2(2):1407-1447. [Artemisia ludoviciana incompta]
Shultz, L.M. 1986. Taxonomic and geographic limits of Artemisia subgenus Tridentatae (Beetle) McArthur
(Asteraceae: Anthemideae). pp. 20-28. IN: McArthur, E.D. & B.L. Welch. Proceedings–Symposium on the
Biology of Artemisia and Chrysothamnus. U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-200.
Schultz, L.M. 2006. Artemisia, p. 503-534. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 19. Oxford University Press, New York.
Schultz, L.M. 2009. Monograph of Artemisia Subgenus Tridentatae (Asteraceae-Anthemideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr.
89.
Sivinski, R. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 19:3. [Artemisia pygmaea]
Ward, G.H. 1953. Artemisia, section Seriphidium, in North America: A cytotaxonomic study. Contr. Dudley Herb.
4(6):155-205.
Weber, W.A. & R.C. Wittmann. 2009. Delwiensia, a new genus of Asteraceae. Phytologia 91(1): 92-94.

albula Wooton = Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. albula (Wooton) Keck

arbuscula sensu M&H and W&S = Artemisia tridentata Nuttall
arbuscula Nuttall subsp. nova (A. Nelson) G.H. Ward = Artemisia nova A. Nelson
*biennis Willdenow [M&H; W&S]
biennial wormwood
bigelovii Gray [M&H; W&S]
Bigelow’s sagebrush
Artemisia petrophila Wooton & Standley
Seriphidium bigelovii (Gray) K. Bremer & Humphries
campestris Linnaeus subsp. caudata (Michaux) Hall & Clements [M&H; W&S]
field wormwood
Artemisia campestris Linnaeus var. caudata (Michaux) Palmer & Steyermark
Artemisia caudata Michaux
Artemisia forwoodii S. Watson
campestris Linnaeus var. caudata (Michaux) Palmer & Steyermark = Artemisia campestris Linnaeus
subsp. caudata (Michaux) Hall & Clements
campestris Linnaeus subsp. pacifica (Nuttall) Hall & Clements [M&H; W&S]
field wormwood
Artemisia campestris Linnaeus var. pacifica (Nuttall) Peck
Artemisia campestris Linnaeus var. scouleriana (Besser) Cronquist
Artemisia pacifica Nuttall
Artemisia scouleriana (Besser) Rydberg
campestris Linnaeus var. pacifica (Nuttall) Peck = Artemisia campestris Linnaeus subsp. pacifica
(Nuttall) Hall & Clements

113
campestris Linnaeus var. scouleriana (Besser) Cronquist = Artemisia campestris Linnaeus subsp.
pacifica (Nuttall) Hall & Clements
cana Pursh var. viscidula Osterhout = Artemisia cana Pursh subsp. viscidula (Osterhout) Beetle
cana Pursh subsp. viscidula (Osterhout) Beetle [M&H; Schultz 2006; W&S]
silver sagebrush
Artemisia cana Pursh var. viscidula Osterhout
carruthii Wood ex Carruthers [M&H; W&S]
Carruth’s sagebrush
Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruthers var. wrightii (Gray) Blake
Artemisia kansana Britton
Artemisia wrightii Gray
carruthii Wood ex Carruthers var. wrightii (Gray) Blake = Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruthers
caudata Michaux = Artemisia campestris Linnaeus subsp. caudata (Michaux) Hall & Clements
dracunculina S. Watson = Artemisia dracunculus Linnaeus
dracunculoides Pursh = Artemisia dracunculus Linnaeus
dracunculoides Pursh var. dracunculina (S. Watson) Blake = Artemisia dracunculus Linnaeus
dracunculus Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
tarragon, dragon wormwood
Artemisia dracunculina S. Watson
Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh
Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh var. dracunculina (S. Watson) Blake
Artemisia glauca Pallas ex Willdenow
filifolia Torrey [M&H; W&S]
sand sage
forwoodii S. Watson = Artemisia campestris Linnaeus subsp. caudata (Michaux) Hall & Clements
franserioides Greene [M&H; W&S]
ragweed wormwood
frigida Willdenow [M&H; W&S]
estafiata, fringed sage
glauca Pallas ex Willdenow = Artemisia dracunculus Linnaeus
gnaphaloides Nuttall = Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. ludoviciana
incompta Nuttall = Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. incompta (Nuttall) Cronquist
kansana Britton = Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruthers
laciniata Willdenow subsp. parryi (Gray) W.A. Weber [M&H]
Parry’s wormwood
Artemisia parryi Gray
Artemisia saxicola (Besser) Rydberg var. parryi (Gray) A. Nelson
ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. albula (Wooton) Keck [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico wormwood
Artemisia albula Wooton
Artemisia microcephala Wooton
ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. incompta (Nuttall) D.D. Keck [Schiebout et al. 2009]
Louisiana wormwood
Artemisia incompta Nuttall
ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. ludoviciana [M&H; W&S]
Louisiana wormwood
Artemisia gnaphaloides Nuttall
Artemisia rhizomata A. Nelson
Artemisia silvicola Osterhout
ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. mexicana (Willdenow ex Sprengel) Keck [M&H; W&S]
Mexican wormwood
Artemisia mexicana Willdenow ex Sprengel
Artemisia neomexicana Greene
Artemisia redolens Gray
ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. redolens (Gray) Keck = Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. mexicana
(Willdenow) Keck

114
 ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. sulcata (Rydberg) Keck : Reported as expected by M&H; to be looked
for in the boot heel region; awaiting verification.
mexicana Willdenow ex Sprengel = Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. mexicana (Willdenow ex
Sprengel) Keck
microcephala Wooton = Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. albula (Wooton) Keck
neomexicana Greene = Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. mexicana (Willdenow ex Sprengel)
Keck
nova A. Nelson [M&H; Schultz 2009; W&S]
black sagebrush
Artemisia arbuscula Nuttall subsp. nova (A. Nelson) G.H. Ward
Seriphidium novum (A. Nelson) W.A. Weber
pacifica Nuttall = Artemisia campestris Linnaeus subsp. pacifica (Nuttall) Hall & Clements
parryi Gray = Artemisia laciniata Willdenow subsp. parryi (Gray) W.A. Weber
pattersonii A. Gray [M&H]
Patterson’s wormwood
Delwiensia pattersonii (A. Gray) Weber & Wittmann
petrophila Wooton & Standley = Artemisia bigelovii Gray
pygmaea A. Gray [Sivinski et al. 1995, 2001; Schultz 2009]
pygmy sagebrush
Seriphidium pygmaeum (A. Gray) W.A. Weber
redolens Gray = Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. mexicana (Willdenow ex Sprengel) Keck
rhizomata A. Nelson = Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. ludoviciana
scopulorum Gray [M&H; W&S]
alpine wormwood
saxicola (Besser) Rydberg var. parryi (Gray) A. Nelson = Artemisia laciniata Willdenow subsp.
parryi (Gray) W.A. Weber
scouleriana (Besser) Rydberg = Artemisia campestris Linnaeus subsp. pacifica (Nuttall) Hall &
Clements
silvicola Osterhout = Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. ludoviciana
spinescens D.C. Eaton [M&H; W&S]
budsage
Picrothamnus desertorum Nuttall
tridentata Nuttall subsp. tridentata [M&H; W&S]
big sagebrush
Seriphidium tridentatum (Nuttall) W.A. Weber
tridentata Nuttall subsp. vaseyana (Rydberg) Beetle [Shultz 1986]
mountain sagebrush
Artemisia vaseyana Rydberg
Seriphidium vaseyanum (Rydberg) W.A. Weber
tridentata Nuttall subsp. wyomingensis Beetle & A.M. Young [McArthur & Sanderson 1999]
Wyoming sagebrush
Seriphidium tidentatum (Nuttall) W.A. Weber subsp. wyomingense (Beetle & A.M.
Young) W.A. Weber
vaseyana Rydberg = Artemisia tridentata Nuttall subsp. vaseyana (Rydberg) Beetle
wrightii Gray = Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruthers
Asanthus brickell-bush
squamulosus (Gray) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson [M&H]
mule mountain brickelbush
Brickellia squamulosa Gray
Coleosanthus squamulosus (Gray) Kuntze
Aster ascendens Lindley = Symphyotrichum ascendens (Lindley) Nesom
ascendens Lindley var. parryi D.C.Eaton = Symphyotrichum foliaceum (Lindley ex A.P. de
Candolle) Nesom var. parryi (D.C. Eaton) Nesom
amplifolius = Dieteria asteroides Torrey var. asteroides
apricus (Gray) Rydberg = Symphyotrichum foliaceum (A.P. de Candolle) Nesom var. apricum (A.
Gray) Nesom
aquifolius (Greene) Blake = Dieteria bigelovii (Gray) Morgan & Hartman var. bigelovii
arenosus (Heller) Blake = Chaetopappa ericoides (Torrey) Nesom

115
bigelovii Gray = Dieteria bigelovii (Gray) Morgan & Hartman var. bigelovii
blepharophyllus A. Gray = Arida blepharophylla (Gray) Morgan & Hartman
boltoniae Greene = Psilactis asteroides A. Gray
campestris Nuttall = Symphyotrichum campestre (Nuttall) G.L. Nesom
canbyi (A. Gray) Vasey = Symphyotrichum foliaceum (A.P. de Candolle) Nesom var. canbyi (A.
Gray) Nesom
canescens Pursh s.s. [=Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nuttall] : Not known from NM [Turner 1987].
canescens Pursh var. aristata Eastwood = Dieteria asteroides Torrey var. aristata (Eastwood)
Morgan & Hartman
canescens Pursh var. tephrodes Gray = Dieteria asteroides Torrey var. asteroides
chilensis Nees subsp. ascendens (Lindley) Cronquist = Symphyotrichum ascendens (Lindley)
Nesom
caerulescens A.P. de Candolle var. wootonii (Greene) Wiegand = Symphyotrichum lanceolatum
(Willdenow) Nesom var. hesperium (A. Gray) Nesom
commutatus (Torrey & Gray) Gray var. commutatus = Symphyotrichum falcatum (Lindley) Nesom
var. commutatum Torrey Gray) Nesom
commutatus (Torrey & Gray) Gray var. crassulus (Rydberg) Blake = Symphyotrichum falcatum
(Lindley) Neson var. commutatum (Torrey & Gray) Nesom
commutatus (Torrey & Gray) Gray var. polycephalus Blake, non Aster polycephalus Rydberg =
Symphyotrichum falcatum (Lindley) Nesom var. commutatum (Torrey & Gray)
Nesom
corymbiformis Rydberg = Symphyotrichum spathulatum (Lindley) Nesom var. spathulatum
crassulus Rydberg = Symphyotrichum falcatum (Lindley) Neson var. commutatum (Torrey & Gray)
Nesom
ericoides Linnaeus = Symphyotrichum ericoides (Linnaeus) Nesom var. ericoides
exilis of NM authors = Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michaux) Nesom var. ligulatum (Shinners)
S.D. Sundberg, or Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michaux) Nesom var. parviflorum
(Nees) S.D. Sundberg
exscapus Richardson = Townsendia exscapa (Richardson) Porter
falcatus Lindley = Symphyotrichum falcatum (Lindley) Nesom var. falcatum
falcatus Lindley var. crassulus (Rydberg) Cronquist = Symphyotrichum falcatum (Lindley) Nesom
var. crassulum (Rydberg) Cronquist
fendleri Gray = Symphyotrichum fendleri (A. Gray) Nesom
foliaceus Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle var. apricus A. Gray = Symphyotrichum foliaceum (Lindley
ex A.P. de Candolle) Nesom var. apricum (A. Gray) Nesom
foliaceus Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle var. burkei A. Gray = Symphyotrichum foliaceum (Lindley ex
A.P. de Candolle) Nesom var. canbyi (A. Gray) Nesom
foliaceus Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle var. canbyi A. Gray = Symphyotrichum foliaceum (Lindley
ex A.P. de Candolle) Nesom var. canbyi (A. Gray) Nesom
foliaceus Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle var. eatonii A. Gray = Symphyotrichum eatonii (A. Gray)
Nesom
foliaceus Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle var. frondeus A. Gray = Symphyotrichum foliaceum (Lindley
ex A.P. de Candolle) Nesom var. parryi (D.C. Eaton) Nesom
foliaceus Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle var. parryi (D.C. Eaton) A. Gray = Symphyotrichum
foliaceum (Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle) Nesom var. parryi (D.C. Eaton) Nesom
fremontii (Torrey & Gray) Gray = Symphyotrichum spathulatum (Lindley) Nesom var. spathulatum
frondeus (Gray) Greene = Symphyotrichum foliaceum (Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle) Nesom var.
parryi (D.C. Eaton) Nesom
frondosus (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray = Symphyotrichum frondosum (Nuttall) Nesom
glacialis Nuttall = Erigeron glacialis (Nuttall) A. Nelson var. glacialis
glaucodes Blake var. formosus (Greene) Kittell = Herrickia glauca (Nuttall) Brouillet
glaucodes Blake var. glaucodes = Herrickia glauca (Nuttall) Brouillet
glaucus (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray = Herrickia glauca (Nuttall) Brouillet
gymnocephalus auctores non (A.P. de Candolle) Gray = Xanthisma blephariphyllum (Gray) Morgan
& Hartman
hebecladus A.P. de Candolle = Symphyotrichum ericoides (Linnaeus) Nesom var. ericoides
hesperius Gray var. hesperius = Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willdenow) Nesom var. hesperium
(A. Gray) Nesom
hesperius Gray var. laetivirens (Greene) Cronquist = Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willdenow)
Nesom var. hesperium (A. Gray) Nesom

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 hesperius Gray var. wootonii Greene = Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willdenow) Nesom var.
hesperium (A. Gray) Nesom
hirtifolius Blake = Chaetopappa ericoides (Torrey) Nesom
horridus (Wooton & Standley) Blake = Herrickia horrida Wooton & Standley
hydrophilus Greene = Almutaster pauciflorus (Nuttall) Löve & Löve
jemensis A. Nelson = Symphyotrichum fendleri (A. Gray) Nesom
kumleinii Fries = Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nuttall) Nesom
laevis Linnaeus var. geyeri Gray = Symphyotrichum laeve (Linnaeus) Löve & Löve var. geyeri (A.
Gray) Nesom
laevis Linnaeus var. guadalupensis A.G. Jones = Symphyotrichum laeve (Linnaeus) Löve & Löve
var. geyeri (A. Gray) Nesom
laetivirens Greene = Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willdenow) Nesom var. hesperium (A. Gray)
Nesom
leucelene Blake = Chaetopappa ericoides (Torrey) Nesom
linearis (Greene) Cory = Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. glabra (Gray) Morgan & Hartman
lonchophyllus Greene = Symphyotrichum eatonii (Gray) Nesom
multiflorus Aiton = Symphyotrichum ericoides (Linnaeus) Nesom var. ericoides
multiflorus Aiton var. commutatus Torrey & Gray = Symphyotrichum falcatum (Lindley) Nesom
var. commutatum (Torrey & Gray) Nesom
multiflorus Aiton var. pansus S.F.Blake = Symphyotrichum ericoides (Linnaeus) Nesom var.
pansum (Blake) Nesom
neomexicanus Wooton & Standley = Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michaux) Nesom var. ligulatum
(Shinners) S.D. Sundberg
novae-angliae Linnaeus = Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (Linnaeus) Nesom
oblongifolius Nuttall = Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nuttall) Nesom
oblongifolius Nuttall var. rigidus Gray = Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nuttall) Nesom
occidentalis (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray = Symphyotrichum spathulatum (Lindley) Nesom var.
spathulatum
oregonus auctores non (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray = Symphyotrichum eatonii (Gray) Nesom
parvulus Blake = Arida parviflora (Gray) Morgan & Hartman
pauciflorus Nuttall = Almutaster pauciflorus (Nuttall) Löve & Löve
pauciflorus Nuttall var. gracillimus Gray = Almutaster pauciflorus (Nuttall) Löve & Löve
porteri Gray = Symphyotrichum porteri (A. Gray) Nesom
praealtus Poiret = Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poiret) Nesom
riparis Kunth = Arida riparia (Kunth) Morgan & Hartman
rubrotinctus Blake = Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nuttall
salicifolius Aiton = Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poiret) Nesom
sericeus Ventenat = Symphyotrichum sericeum (Ventenat) Nesom
spathulatus Lindley = Symphyotrichum spathulatum (Lindley) Nesom var. spathulatum
spinosus Bentham = Chloracantha spinosa (Bentham) Nesom
subulatus Michaux = Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michaux) Nesom s.s.
subulatus Michaux var. cubensis Shinners = Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michaux) Nesom var.
parviflorum (Nees) S.D. Sundberg
subulatus Michaux var. ligulatus Shinners = Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michaux) Nesom var.
ligulatum (Shinners) S.D. Sundberg
subulatus Michaux =Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michaux) Nesom
tagetinus (Greene) Blake = Machaeranthera tagetina Greene
tanacetifolius Kunth = Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Kunth) Nees
tanacetifolius Kunth var. pygmaeus Gray = Arida parviflora (Gray) Morgan & Hartman
tephrodes (Gray) Blake = Dieteria asteroides Torrey var. asteroides
vallicola Greene = Symphyotrichum ascendens (Lindley) Nesom
woodhousei Wooton = Symphyotrichum frondosum (Nuttall) Nesom
wootonii Greene = Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willdenow) Nesom var. hesperium (A. Gray)
Nesom
Baccharis seep-willow
Cronquist, A. 1994. Baccharis, pp. 352-356. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
Sundberg, S.D. & D.J. Bogler. 2006. Baccharis, p. 23-34. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 20. Oxford University
Press, New York.
bigelovii Gray [M&H; W&S]
Bigelow’s seep-willow

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 brachyphylla Gray [M&H]
short-leaf seep-willow
consanguinea A.P. de Candolle = Baccharis pilularis A.P. de Candolle subsp. consanguinea (A.P. de
Candoll) C.B. Wolf
emoryi Gray = Baccharis salicina Torrey & Gray
glutinosa Persoon = Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pavon) Persoon
havardii Gray [McIntosh 1996]
Havard’s seep-willow
neglecta Britton s.s. : Restricted to the Edwards Plateau (Texas) and Mexico; earlier reports for NM
need verification.
pilularis A.P. de Candolle subsp. consanguinea (A.P. de Candoll) C.B. Wolf [M&H]
coyotebrush
Baccharis consanguinea A.P. de Candolle
pteronioides A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S]
yerba-de-pasmo
Baccharis ramulosa (A.P. de Candolle) Gray
ramulosa (A.P. de Candolle) Gray = Baccharis pteronioides A.P. de Candolle
salicifolia (Ruiz & Pavon) Persoon [M&H; W&S]
willow baccharis, mule’s fat
Baccharis glutinosa Persoon
Baccharis viminea A.P. de Candolle
Molina salicifolia Ruiz & Pavon
salicina Torrey & Gray [M&H; W&S]
great plains seep-willow
Baccharis emoryi Gray
sarothroides Gray [M&H; W&S]
broom seep-willow, rosinbush
texana (Torrey & Gray) Gray [Sundberg & Bogler 2006]
Texas seep-willow
Aplopappus linearifolius Buckley
Linosyris texana Torrey & Gray
thesioides Kunth [M&H]
Arizona seep-willow
viminea A.P. de Candolle = Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pavon) Persoon
wrightii Gray [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s seep-willow
Coleosanthus wrightii (Gray) Britton
Baeria chrysostoma Fischer & C.A. Meyer var. gracilis (A.P. de Candolle) Hall = Lasthenia gracilis (A.P.
de Candoll) Greene
gracilis (A.P. de Candolle) Gray = Lasthenia gracilis (A.P. de Candoll) Greene
Bahia bahia
Ellison, W.L. 1964. A systematic study of the genus Bahia (Compositae). Rhodora 66:67-86, 177-215, 281-311.
absinthifolia Bentham [M&H; W&S]
hairy-seed bahia
Bahia absinthifolia Bentham var. dealbata Gray
Bahia dealbata Gray
Picradeniopsis dealbata (Gray) Wooton & Standley
absinthifolia Bentham var. dealbata Gray = Bahia absinthifolia Bentham
biternata Gray [M&H; W&S]
slim-lobe bahia
Villanova biternata (Gray) Wooton & Standley
dealbata Gray = Bahia absinthifolia Bentham
dissecta (Gray) Britton = Amauriopsis dissecta (Gray) Rydberg
neomexicana Gray = Schkuhria multiflora Hooker & Arnott
nudicaulis Gray var. oblongifolia (Gray) Cronquist = Platyschkuhria integrifolia (Gray) Rydberg
var. oblongifolia (Gray) Ellison
oblongifolia Gray = Platyschkuhria integrifolia (Gray) Rydberg var. oblongifolia (Gray) Ellison

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 oppositifolia (Nuttall) Gray = Picradeniopsis oppositifolia (Nuttall) Rydberg
pedata Gray [M&H]
blunt-scale bahia
Eriophyllum pedatum (Gray) Kuntze
woodhousei (Gray) Gray = Picradeniopsis woodhousei (Gray) Rydberg
Baileya desert marigold
Turner, M.W. 1993. Systematic study of the genus Baileya (Asteraceae: Helenieae). Sida 15(3):491-508.
multiradiata Harvey & Gray ex Gray [M&H; W&S]
desert marigold
Baileya multiradiata Harvey & Gray ex Gray var. nudicaulis Gray
Baileya multiradiata Harvey & Gray ex Gray var. thurberi (Rydberg) Kittell
Baileya pleniradiata Harvey & Gray ex Gray var. multiradiata (Harvey & Gray ex Gray)
Kearney
Baileya thurberi Rydberg
multiradiata Harvey & Gray ex Gray var. nudicaulis Gray = Baileya multiradiata Harvey & Gray
multiradiata Harvey & Gray ex Gray var. pleniradiata (Harvey & Gray ex Gray) Coville [=Baileya
pleniradiata] : Reported by M&H, but M.W. Turner (1993) does not report this
from NM.
multiradiata Harvey & Gray ex Gray var. thurberi (Rydberg) Kittell = Baileya multiradiata Harvey
& Gray
pleniradiata Harvey & Gray ex Gray : Not known to occur in NM [M.W. Turner 1993].
pleniradiata Harvey & Gray ex Gray var. multiradiata (Harvey & Gray ex Gray) Kearney = Baileya
multiradiata Harvey & Gray ex Gray
thurberi Rydberg = Baileya multiradiata Harvey & Gray
Barkleyanthus Barkley’s groundsel
salicifolius (Kunth) H. Robinson & Brettell [M&H; Todsen 1973]
Barkley’s groundsel
Cineraria salicifolius Kunth
Senecio salignus A.P. de Candolle
Barrattia calva Engelmann & Gray = Simsia calva (Engelmann & Gray) Gray
Bartlettia Bartlett’s daisy
scaposa Gray [M&H; W&S]
Bartlett’s daisy
Bebbia sweetbush
Whalen, M. 1977. Taxonomy of Bebbia (Compositae: Heliantheae). Madroño 24:112-121.
aspera (Greene) A. Nelson = Bebbia juncea (Bentham) Greene var. aspera Greene
juncea (Bentham) Greene var. aspera Greene [M&H; W&S]
sweetbush
Bebbia aspera (Greene) A. Nelson
Berlandiera greeneyes
Pinkava, D.J. 1967. Biosystematic study of Berlandiera (Compositae). Brittonia 19:285-298.
Pinkava, D.J. 2006. Berlandiera, pp. 83-87. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21. Oxford University Press.
Turner, B.L. 1956. Chromosome numbers and geographic distribution of Lindheimera, Engelmannia, and
Berlandiera. Southwestern Naturalist 1:128-131.
incisa Torrey & Gray = Berlandiera lyrata Bentham
lyrata Bentham [M&H; W&S]
Lyre-leaf greeneyes, chocolate-flower
Berlandiera incisa Torrey & Gray
lyrata Bentham var. macrophylla Gray = Berlandiera ×macrophylla (Gray) M.E. Jones
×macrophylla (Gray) M.E. Jones = hybrids of Berlandiera lyrata Bentham × Berlandiera
monocephala (B.L. Turner) Pinkava
Berlandiera lyrata Bentham var. macrophylla Gray
texana A.P. de Candolle [M&H]
Texas greeneyes
Berthelotia sericea (Nuttall) Rydberg = Pluchea sericea (Nuttall) Coville
Bidens beggerticks
Ballard, R. 1986. Bidens pilosa complex (Asteraceae) in North and Central America. Amer. J. Bot. 73:1452-1465.
Sherff, E.E. 1955. Coreopsidinae. North American Flora II(2):1-149.

119
 Strother, J.L. & R.R. Weedon. 2006. Bidens, pp. 205-218. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21. Oxford University
Press. [Bidens polylepis, Bidens vulgata]
anthriscoides A.P. de Candolle : Reported by W&S, not treated by M&H; needs verification.
bigelovii Gray [M&H; W&S]
Bigelow’s beggerticks
bipinnata Linnaeus [M&H]
Spanish needles
Bidens bipinnata Linnaeus var. biternatoides Sherff
bipinnata Linnaeus var. biternatoides Sherff = Bidens bipinnata Linnaeus
cernua Linnaeus [M&H]
nodding beggarticks
Bidens glaucescens Greene
Bidens prionophylla Greene
cognata Greene = Bidens tenuisecta Gray
comosa (Gray) Wiegand = Bidens tripartita Linnaeus
frondosa Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
devil’s pitchfork
glaucescens Greene = Bidens cernua Linnaeus
heterosperma Gray [M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain beggarticks
laevis (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg [M&H]
smooth beggarticks
Helianthus laevis Linnaeus
lemmonii Gray [M&H; Wagner 1979]
Lemmon’s beggarticks
leptocephala Sherff [M&H]
slim beggarticks
megapotamicum Sprengel = Thelesperma megapotamicum (Sprengel) Kuntze
odorata Cavanilles = Bidens pilosa Linnaeus
pilosa Linnaeus [Ballard 1986; M&H]
fragrant beggerticks
Bidens odorata Cavanilles
Bidens pilosa Linnaeus var. radiata (Schultz-Bipontinus) Schultz-Bipontinus
pilosa Linnaeus var. radiata (Schultz-Bipontinus) Schultz-Bipontinus = Bidens pilosa Linnaeus
polylepis Blake [Strother & Weedon 2006]
beggarticks
prionophylla Greene = Bidens cernua Linnaeus
tenuisecta Gray [M&H; W&S]
slim-lobe beggarticks
Bidens cognata Greene
tripartita Linnaeus [M&H]
beggarticks
Bidens comosa (Gray) Wiegand
vulgata Greene [Strother & Weedon 2006]
common beggarticks
Bigelovia douglasii Gray var. stenophylla Gray = Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall var.
viscidiflorus
graveolens = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. graveolens (Nuttall) Reveal
& Schuyler
graveolens (Nuttall) Gray var. appendiculata Eastwood = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh)
Nesom & Baird var. latisquamea (Gray) Nesom & Baird
graveolens (Nuttall) Gray var. hololeuca A. Gray = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom &
Baird var. hololeuca (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird
graveolens (Nuttall) Gray var. latisquamea Gray = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom &
Baird var. latisquamea (Gray) Nesom & Baird
greenei Gray = Chrysothamnus greenei (Gray) Greene

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 howardii (Parry ex Gray) Gray var. attenuata M.E. Jones = Ericameria parryi (A. Gray) Nesom &
Baird var. attenuata (M.E. Jones) Nesom & Baird
pluriflora Gray = Isocoma pluriflora (Torrey & Gray) Greene
pulchella Gray = Lorandersonia pulchella (Gray) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig
spathulata Gray = Ericameria cuneata (Gray) McClatchie var. spathulata (Gray) H.M. Hall
turbinata M.E. Jones = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. turbinata (M.E.
Jones) Nesom & Baird
vaseyi Gray = Chrysothamnus vaseyi (Gray) Greene
Blepharipappus glandulosa Hooker = Layia glandulosa (Hooker) Hooker & Arnott
Boebera papposa (Ventenat) Rydberg = Dyssodia papposa (Ventenat) Hitchcock
Bolophyta alpina Nuttall = Parthenium alpinum (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray
Brachyactis frondosus (Nuttall) Gray = Symphyotrichum frondosum (Nuttall) Nesom
woodhousei (Wooton) Wooton & Standley = Symphyotrichum frondosum (Nuttall) Nesom
Brachyris microcephala A.P. de Candolle = Gutierrezia microcephala (A.P. de Candolle) Gray
Brauneria angustifolia (A.P. de Candolle) Heller = Echinacea angustifolia A.P. de Candolle
Brickellia brickell-bush
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Brickellia parvula]
Cockman, J. 1996. New plant distribution records (Brickellia veronicifolia). The New Mexico Botanist 3:6.
Cronquist, A. 1994. Kuhnia, pp. 384. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
Scott, R.W. 2006. Brickellia, pp. 491-507. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21. Oxford University Press, New York.
[Brickellia lemmonii conduplicata]
Shinners, L.H. 1946. Revision of the genus Kuhnia. Wrightia 1:122-144.
Shinners, L.H. 1971. Kuhnia transferred to Brickellia Ell. (Compositae). Sida 4:274.
Turner, B.L. 1989. An overview of the Brickellia (Kuhnia) eupatorioides (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae) complex.
Phytologia 67(2):121-131.
Turner, B.L. 1990. An overview of the Brickellia lemmonii (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) complex (including B.
conduplicata). Phytologia 68(3):160-164.
amplexicaulis B. Robinson [Spellenberg et al. 1993]
ear-leaf brickell-bush
baccharidea Gray [M&H; W&S]
resin-leaf brickell-bush
Coleosanthus baccharideus (Gray) Kuntze
betonicifolia Gray [M&H; W&S]
betony-leaf brickell-bush
Coleosanthus betonicifolius (Gray) Kuntze
betonicifolia Gray var. conduplicata B.L. Robinson = Brickellia lemmonii Gray var. conduplicata
(B.L. Robinson) B.L. Turner
brachiata Gray = Brickellia coulteri Gray var. brachiata (Gray) B.L. Turner
brachyphylla Gray [M&H; W&S]
plumed brickell-bush
Coleosanthus brachyphyllus (Gray) Kuntze
californica (Torrey & Gray) Gray [M&H]
California brickell-bush
Brickellia californica (Torrey & Gray) Gray var. reniformis (Gray) Torrey & Gray
Bulbostylis californica Torrey & Gray
Coleosanthus axillaris Greene
Coleosanthus melissaefolius Greene
Coleosanthus reniformis (Gray) Rydberg
californica (Torrey & Gray) Gray var. reniformis (Gray) Torrey & Gray = Brickellia californica
(Torrey & Gray) Gray
+chenopodina (Greene) Robinson [M&H; W&S]
chenopod brickell-bush
Coleosanthus chenopodinus Greene
chlorolepis (Wooton & Standley) Shinners = Brickellia eupatorioides (Linnaeus) Shinners var.
chlorolepis (Wooton & Standley) B. Turner
coulteri Gray var. brachiata (Gray) B.L. Turner [Spellenberg et al. 1993]
Coulter’s brickell-bush
Brickellia brachiata Gray
eupatorioides (Linnaeus) Shinners var. chlorolepis (Wooton & Standley) B. Turner
[M&H; W&S]

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 false boneset
Brickellia chlorolepis (Wooton & Standley) Shinners
Kuhnia chlorolepis Wooton & Standley
Kuhnia rosmarinifolia Ventenat var. chlorolepis (Wooton & Standley) Blake
Kuhnia eupatorioides Linnaeus var. chlorolepis (Wooton & Standley) Cronquist
eupatorioides (Linnaeus) Shinners var. corymbulosa (Torrey & Gray) Shinners [Turner
1989]
false boneset
Kuhnia eupatorioides Linnaeus var. corymbulosa Torrey & Gray
fendleri Gray = Brickelliastrum fendleri (Gray) King & H.E. Robinson
floribunda Gray [M&H; W&S]
Chihuahuan brickell-bush
Colesosanthus floribundus (Gray) Kuntze
grandiflora (Hooker) Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
tassel-flower brickell-bush
Brickellia grandiflora (Hooker) Nuttall var. petiolaris Gray
Coleosanthus grandiflorus (Hooker) Kuntze
Coleosanthus petiolaris (Gray) Greene
Coleosanthus umbellatus Greene
Eupatorium grandiflorum Hooker
grandiflora (Hooker) Nuttall var. petiolaris Gray = Brickellia grandiflora (Hooker) Nuttall
laciniata Gray [M&H; W&S]
cut-leaf brickell-bush
Coleosanthus laciniatus (Gray) Kuntze
lemmonii Gray var. conduplicata (B.L. Robinson) B.L. Turner [Scott 2006]
Lemmon’s brickell-bush
Brickellia betonicifolia Gray var. conduplicata B.L. Robinson
lemmonii Gray var. lemmonii [M&H; W&S]
Lemmon’s brickell-bush
Brickellia lemmonii Gray var. wootonii (Greene) Robinson
Coleosanthus wootonii Greene
lemmonii Gray var. wootonii (Greene) Robinson = Brickellia lemmonii Gray var. lemmonii [Turner
1990]
linifolia D.C. Eaton = Brickellia oblongifolia Nuttall var. linifolia (D.C. Eaton) Robinson
microphylla (Nuttall) Gray var. scabra Gray [M&H; W&S]
little-leaf brickell-bush
Brickellia scabra (Gray) A. Nelson
Coleosanthus scaber Greene
oblongifolia Nuttall var. linifolia (D.C. Eaton) Robinson [M&H; W&S]
narrow-leaf brickell-bush
Brickellia linifolia D.C. Eaton
Coleosanthus humilis Greene
Coleosanthus linifolius (D.C. Eaton) Kuntze
parvula Gray [Allred 1999]
Mt. Davis brickell-bush
rusbyi Gray [M&H; W&S]
Rusby’s brickell-bush
Coleosanthus rusbyi (Gray) Kuntze
scabra (Gray) A. Nelson = Brickellia microphylla (Nuttall) Gray var. scabra Gray
simplex Gray [M&H]
Sonoran brickell-bush
squamulosa Gray = Asanthus squamulosus (Gray) King & H.E. Robinson
venosa (Wooton & Standley) Robinson [M&H; W&S]
veiny brickell-bush
Coleosanthus venosus Wooton & Standley
veronicifolia (Kunth) Gray [Cockman 1996]
veronica-leaf brickell-bush

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Brickelliastrum brickell-bush
fendleri (Gray) King & H.E. Robinson [M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s brickell-bush
Brickellia fendleri Gray
Coleosanthus ambigens Greene
Bulbostylis californica Torrey & Gray = Brickellia californica (Torrey & Gray) Gray
Burrielia gracilis A.P. de Candolle = Baeria gracilis (A.P. de Candoll) Greene
lanosa Gray = Eriophyllum lanosum (Gray) Gray
Cacalia decomposita Gray = Psacalium decompositum (Gray) H.E. Robinson & Bretting
Calais lindleyi A.P. de Candolle = Uropappus lindleyi (A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall
Calliopsis cardaminifolia A.P. de Candolle = Coreopsis tinctoria Nuttall
Calycoseris tackstem
wrightii Gray [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s tackstem
Calyptocarpus straggler-daisy
*vialis Lessing [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
straggler-daisy
Carduus thistle
Carson National Forest, USDA Forest Service. 2000. New plant distribution records 15:7. [Carduus acanthoides]
Cronquist, A. 1994. Carduus, p. 388. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
*acanthoides Linnaeus [Carson National Forest 2000]
spiny thistle
acaulescens (Gray) Rydberg = Cirsium scariosum Nuttall var. americanum (Gray) Keil
arizonicus (Gray) Greene = Cirsium arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. arizonicum
bipinnatus (Eastwood) Heller = Cirsium arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. bipinnatum (Eastwood) Keil
coloradensis Rydberg = Cirsium scariosum Nuttall var. coloradense (Rydberg) Keil
drummondii (Torrey & Gray) Coville s.s. [=Cirsium drummondii Torrey & Gray] : Not occurring
in NM [Keil 2006].
drummondii (Torrey & Gray) Coville var. acaulescens (Gray) Coville = Cirsium scariosum Nuttall
var. americanum (Gray) Keil
gilensis Wooton & Standley = Cirsium parryi (Gray) Petrak
grahamii (Gray) Greene = Cirsium grahamii Gray
inornatus Wooton & Standley = Cirsium parryi (Gray) Petrak
marianus Linnaeus = Silybum marianum (Linnaeus) Gaertner
megacephalus (Gray) A. Nelson = Cirsium undulatum (Nuttall) Sprengel
neomexicanus (Gray) Greene = Cirsium neomexicanum Gray
*nutans Linnaeus [M&H]
musk thistle, nodding thistle
Carduus thoermeri Weinmann
ochrocentrus (Gray) Greene = Cirsium ochrocentrum Gray
pallidus Wooton & Standley = Cirsium parryi (Gray) Petrak
parryi (Gray) Greene = Cirsium parryi (Gray) Petrak
pulchellus Greene = Cirsium arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. bipinnatum (Eastwood) Keil
thoermeri Weinmann = Carduus nutans Linnaeus
tracyi Rydberg = Cirsium tracyi (Rydberg) Petrak
undulatus Nuttall = Cirsium undulatum (Nuttall) Sprengel
undulatus Nuttall var. canescens (Nuttall) Porter [=Cirsium canescens Nuttall] : Excluded from NM
by Keil (2006); awaits verification
vinaceus Wooton & Standley = Cirsium vinaceum (Wooton & Standley) Wooton & Standley
vulgaris Savi = Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore
wrightii (Gray) Heller = Cirsium wrightii Gray
Carminatia plumeweed
tenuiflora A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S]
plumeweed
Carphochaete bristlehead
bigelovii Gray [M&H; W&S]
Bigelow’s bristlehead
Carthamus safflower

123
 *tinctorius Linnaeus [M&H]
safflower
Centaurea knapweed
Allred, K.W. & R. Lee. 1999. Knapweeds, starthistles, and basketflowers of New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist
10:1-4.
Keil, D.J. & J. Ochsmann. 2006. Centaurea, p. 181-194. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 19. Oxford University
Press, New York.
americana Nuttall = Plectocephalus americanus (Nuttall) D. Don
biebersteinii A.P. de Candolle = Centaurea stoebe Linnaeus subsp. micranthos (S.G. Gmelin ex
Gugler) Hayek
*calcitrapa Linnaeus [Allred & Lee 1999; M&H]
purple starthistle
*cyanus Linnaeus [Allred & Lee 1999]
cornflower, bachelor’s buttons
*diffusa Lamarck [Allred & Lee 1999]
diffuse knapweed
maculosa Lamarck subsp. micranthos S.G. Gmelin ex Gugler = Centaurea stoebe Linnaeus subsp.
micranthos (S.G. Gmelin ex Gugler) Hayek
*melitensis Linnaeus [Allred & Lee 1999; M&H]
malta starthistle
picris Pallas ex Willdenow = Acroptilon repens (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle
repens Linnaeus = Acroptilon repens (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle
rothrockii Greenman = Plectocephalus rothrockii (Greenman) D.J.N. Hind
*solstitialis Linnaeus [Allred & Lee 1999]
yellow starthistle
*stoebe Linnaeus subsp. micranthos (S.G. Gmelin ex Gugler) Hayek [Allred & Lee 1999;
M&H]
spotted knapweed
Acosta maculosa of American authors
Centaurea maculosa Lamarck subsp. micranthos S.G. Gmelin ex Gugler
Centauridium drummondii Torrey & Gray = Xanthisma texanum A.P. de Candolle subsp. drummondii
(Torrey & Gray) Semple
Cephalobembix neomexicana (Gray) Rydberg = Schkuhria multiflora Hooker& Arnott
Cephalophora scaposa A.P. de Candolle = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Greene
Chaenactis pincushion
Worthington, R.D. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 20:8. [Chaenactis carphoclinia]
carphoclinia Gray [Worthington 2001]
pebble pincushion
douglasii (Hooker) Hooker & Arnott [M&H; W&S]
dusty maiden
Hymenopappus douglasii Hooker
scaposa Eastwood = Chamaechaenactis scaposa (Eastwood) Rydberg
stevioides Hooker & Arnott [M&H; W&S]
desert pincushion
Chaetopappa sand-aster
Nesom, G.L. 1988. Synopsis of Chaetopappa (Compositae- Astereae) with a new species and the inclusion of
Leucelene. Phytologia 64(6):448-456.
Shinners, L.H. 1946. Revision of the genus Chaetopappa A.P. de Candolle Wrightia 1: 63-81.
elegans Soreng & Spellenberg = Ionactis elegans (Soreng & Spellenberg) Nesom
ericoides (Torrey) Nesom [M&H; W&S]
sand-aster, heath-aster
Aster arenosus (Heller) Blake
Aster hirtifolius Blake
Aster leucelene Blake
Inula ericoides Torrey
Leucelene arenosus Heller
Leucelene ericoides (Torrey) Greene
hersheyi Blake [Shinners 1946]

124
 Hershey’s sand-aster
Chamaechaenactis fullstem
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Chamaechaenactis scaposa]
scaposa (Eastwood) Rydberg var. scaposa [Heil et al. 2002]
fullstem
Actinella carnosa A. Nelson
Chaenactis scaposa Eastwood
Chaptalia silverpuff
Nesom, G.L. 1995. Revision of Chaptalia (Asteraceae: Mutisieae) from North America and continental Central
America. Phytologia 78:153-188.
alsophila Greene = Leibnitzia lyraata (Schultz-Bipontinus) G.L. Nesom
texana Greene [Nesom 1995]
silverpuff
Chloracantha devilweed
Nesom, G.L., Y. Suh, D.R. Morgan, S.D. Sundberg, & B.B. Simpson. 1991. Chloracantha, a new genus of North
American Astereae (Asteraceae). Phytologia 70:371-380.
spinosa (Bentham) Nesom [M&H; W&S]
Mexican devilweed
Aster spinosus Bentham
Leucosyris spinosus (Bentham) Greene
Chondrilla pauciflora D. Don = Pyrrhopappus pauciflorus (D. Don) A.P de Candolle
Chrysactinia damianita
mexicana Gray [M&H; W&S]
damianita
Pectis taxifolia Greene
Chrysanthemum incanum Thunberg = Pentzia incana (Thunberg) O. Kuntze
leucanthemum Linnaeus = Leucanthemum vulgare Lamarck
leucanthemum Linnaeus var. pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte = Leucanthemum vulgare. Lamarck
Chrysocoma graminifolia Linnaeus = Euthamia graminifolia (Linnaeus) Nuttall
graveolens Nuttall = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. graveolens (Nuttall)
Reveal & Schuyler
Chrysoma laricifolia (Gray) Greene = Ericameria laricifolia (Gray) Shinners
pumila Nuttall = Petradoria pumila (Nuttall) Greene
Chrysopsis amplifolia Rydberg = Heterotheca fulcrata (E.L. Greene) Shinners var. amplifolia (Rydberg)
Semple
angustifolia Rydberg = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. angustifolia (Rydberg) Harms
berlandiera Greene = Heterotheca canescens (A.P. de Candolle) Shinners
canescens (A.P. de Candolle) Torrey & Gray = Heterotheca canescens (A.P. de Candolle) Shinners
canescens (A.P. de Candolle) Torrey & Gray var. nana A.Gray = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh)
Shinners var. nana (A. Gray) Semple
cryptocephala Wooton & Standley = Heterotheca fulcrata (Greene) Shinners
foliosa Nuttall = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. foliosa (Nuttall) Harms
fulcrata Greene = Heterotheca fulcrata (Greene) Shinners
hirsutissima Greene = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. minor (Hooker) Semple
hispida (Hooker) A.P. de Candolle = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. minor (Hooker)
Semple
hispida (Hooker) A.P. de Candolle var. stenophylla A. Gray = Heterotheca stenophylla (A. Gray)
Shinners
horrida Rydberg = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. nana (A. Gray) Semple
nitidula Wooton & Standley = Heterotheca fulcrata (Greene) Shinners var. amplifolia (Rydberg)
Semple
senilis Wooton & Standley = Heterotheca fulcrata (Greene) Shinners var. senilis (Wooton &
Standley) Semple
pedunculata Greene = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. pedunculata (Greene) Harms ex
Semple
viscida (Gray) Greene = Heterotheca viscida (Gray) Harms
villosa (Pursh) Nuttall ex Hooker = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners

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 villosa (Pursh) Nuttall ex Hooker var. canescens (A.P. de Candolle) Gray = Heterotheca canescens
(A.P. de Candolle) Shinners
villosa (Pursh) Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle var. minor Hooker = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh)
Shinners var. minor (Hooker) Semple
villosa (Pursh) Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle var. scabra Eastwood = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh)
Shinners var. scabra (A. Eastwood) Semple
villosa (Pursh) Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle var. viscida A.Gray = Heterotheca viscida (Gray) Harms
Chrysothamnus rabbitbrush
Anderson, L.C. 1995. The Chrysothamnus-Ericameria connection (Asteraceae). Great Basin Nat. 55(1):84-88.
Nesom, G.L. and G.I. Baird. 1993. Completion of Ericameria (Asteraceae: Astereae), diminution of Chrysothamnus.
Phytologia 75(1):74-93.
Urbatsch, L.E., R.P. Roberts, & K.M. Neubig. 2006. Chrysothamnus, p. 187-193. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 20.
Oxford University Press, New York.
affinis A. Nelson = Ericameria parryi (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird var. affinis (A. Nelson) Nesom &
Baird
appendiculatus (Eastwood) Heller = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var.
latisquamea (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird
baileyi Wooton & Standley = Lorandersonia baileyi (Wooton & Standley) Urbatsch, Roberts &
Neubig
bakeri Greene = Chrysothamnus vaseyi (Gray) Greene
bigelovii (Gray) Greene = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. bigelovii (A.
Gray) Nesom & Baird
confinis Greene = Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton var. graveolens (Nuttall)
Reveal & Schuyler
depressus Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
long-flower rabbitbrush
Ericameria depressa (Nuttall) L.C. Anderson
elatior Standley = Lorandersonia pulchella (Gray) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig
elegans Greene = Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall var. lanceolatus (Nuttall) Greene
filifolius Rydberg = Chrysothamnus greenei (Gray) Greene
formosus Greene = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. speciosa (Nuttall)
Nesom & Baird
glaucus A. Nelson = Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall var. viscidiflorus
graveolens (Nuttall) Greene = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. graveolens
(Nuttall) Reveal & Schuyler
greenei (Gray) Greene [M&H; W&S]
Greene’s rabbitbrush
Bigelovia greenei Gray
Chrysothamnus filifolius Rydberg
Chrysothamnus greenei (Gray) Greene subsp. filifolius (Rydberg) Hall & Clements
Ericameria filifolia (Rydberg) L.C. Anderson
Ericameria greenei (Gray) Nesom
greenei (Gray) Greene subsp. filifolius (Rydberg) Hall & Clements = Chrysothamnus greenei (Gray)
Greene
greenei (Gray) Greene subsp. greenei = Chrysothamnus greenei (Gray) Greene
howardii (Parry ex A. Gray) Greene = Ericameria parryi (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird var. howardii
(Parry ex A. Gray) Nesom & Baird
lanceolatus Nuttall = Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall var. lanceolatus (Nuttall)
Greene
latisquameus (Gray) Greene = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var.
latisquamea (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird
linifolius Greene = Lorandersonia linifolia (Greene) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig
nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. arenarius Anderson = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex
Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. arenaria (L.C. Anderson) Nesom & Baird
nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. bigelovii (Gray) Hall & Clements = Ericameria nauseosa
(Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. bigelovii (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird
nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. consimilis (Greene) Hall & Clements = Ericameria
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. oreophila (Greene) Nesom & Baird
nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. gnaphalodes (Greene) Hall = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas
ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. hololeuca (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird

126
nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. graveolens (Nuttall) Hall & Clements = Ericameria
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. graveolens (Nuttall) Reveal &
Schuyler
nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. junceus (Greene) Hall = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex
Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. juncea (Greene) Nesom & Baird
nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. latisquameus (Gray) H. & S. = Ericameria nauseosa
(Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. latisquamea (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird
nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. nauseosus = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh)
Nesom & Baird var. nauseosa
nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. nitidus Anderson = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh)
Nesom & Baird var. nitida (L.C. Anderson) Nesom & Baird
nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. pinifolius (Greene) Hall & Clements = Ericameria
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. oreophila (A. Nelson) Nesom &
Baird
nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. speciosus (Nuttall) Hall & Clements = Ericameria
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. speciosa (Nuttall) Nesom & Baird
nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. texensis Anderson = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex
Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. texensis (L.C. Anderson) Nesom & Baird
nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. typicus Hall & Clements = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas
ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. nauseosa
newberryi Rydberg = Ericameria parryi (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird var. attenuata (M.E. Jones)
Nesom & Baird
oreophilus A. Nelson = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. oreophila (A.
Nelson) Nesom & Baird
oreophilus A. Nelson var. artus A. Nelson = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird
var. oreophila (A. Nelson) Nesom & Baird
parryi (Gray) Greene subsp affinis (A. Nelson) L.C. Anderson = Ericameria parryi (A. Gray) Nesom
& Baird var. affinis (A. Nelson) Nesom & Baird
parryi (Gray) Greene subsp. attenuatus (M.E. Jones) Hall & Clements = Ericameria parryi (A. Gray)
Nesom & Baird var. attenuata (M.E. Jones) Nesom & Baird
parryi (Gray) Greene subsp. howardii (Parry ex A. Gray) Hall & Clements = Ericameria parryi (A.
Gray) Nesom & Baird var. howardii (Parry ex A. Gray) Nesom & Baird
parryi (Gray) Greene subsp. parryi = Ericameria parryi (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird var. parryi
pinifolius Greene = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. oreophila (A.
Nelson) Nesom & Baird
pulchellus (Gray) Greene subsp. baileyi (Wooton & Standley) Hall & Clements = Lorandersonia
baileyi (Wooton & Standley) Rubatsch, Roberts & Neubig
pulchellus (Gray) Greene = Lorandersonia pulchella (Gray) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig
pulchellus (Gray) Greene subsp. elatior (Standley) Hall & Clements = Lorandersonia pulchella
(Gray) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig
pulcherrimus A. Nelson = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird subsp. nauseosa
var. speciosa (Nuttall) Nesom & Baird
serrulatus Rydberg = Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall var. viscidiflorus
spathulatus L.C. Anderson = Lorandersonia spathulata (L.C. Anderson) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig
speciosus Nuttall = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. speciosa (Nuttall)
Nesom & Baird
vaseyi (Gray) Greene [Anderson 1986; M&H; W&S]
Vasey’s rabbitbrush
Bigelovia vaseyi Gray
Chrysothamnus bakeri Greene
Ericameria vaseyi (A. Gray) L.C. Anderson
viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall = Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall var. viscidiflorus
viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall subsp. elegans (Greene) Hall & Clements = Chrysothamnus
viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall var. lanceolatus (Nuttall) Greene
viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall var. lanceolatus (Nuttall) Greene [M&H; W&S]
green-flowered rabbitbrush
Chrysothamnus elegans Greene
Chrysothamnus lanceolatus Nuttall
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall subsp. elegans (Greene) Hall & Clements

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 Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall subsp. lanceolatus (Nuttall) Hall &
Clements
Ericameria viscidiflora (Hooker) L.C. Anderson subsp. lanceolata (Nuttall) L.C.
Anderson
viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall subsp. lanceolatus (Nuttall) Hall & Clements = Chrysothamnus
viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall var. lanceolatus (Nuttall) Greene
viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall subsp. linifolius (Greene) Hall & Clements = Lorandersonia linifolia
(Greene) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig
viscidiflorus (Nuttall) Hooker subsp. ludens Shinners = Lorandersonia spathulata (L.C. Anderson)
Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig
viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall subsp. stenophyllus (Gray) Hall & Clements = Chrysothamnus
viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall var. viscidiflorus
viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall var. viscidiflorus [M&H; W&S]
green-flowered rabbitbrush
Bigelovia douglasii Gray var. stenophpylla Gray
Chrysothamnus glaucus A. Nelson
Chrysothamnus serrulatus Rydberg
Chrysothamnus stenophyllus (Gray) Greene
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall subsp. stenophyllus (Gray) Hall &
Clements
Crinitaria viscidiflora Hooker
Ericameria viscidiflora (Hooker) L.C. Anderson
Cichorium chicory
*intybus Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
chicory
Cineraria salicifolius Kunth = Barkleyanthus salicifolius (Kunth) H. Robinson & Brettell
Cirsium thistle
Allred, K.W. 2005. Plant distribution reports (Cirsium arizonicum rothrockii, Gypsophila scorzonerifolia, Rumex
stenophyllus, Paronychia pulvinata). The New Mexico Botanist 33:7.
Barlow-Irick, P. 1999. Cirsium ochrocentrum subsp. martinii (Asteraceae), a new subspecies of the Santa Fe thistle
from the Gila River region of Arizona and New Mexico. Novon 9:318-322.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Cirsium chuskaense]
Keil, D.J. 2004. New taxa and new combinations in North American Cirsium (Asteraceae: Cardueae). Sida 21(1):207-
219.
Keil, D.J. 2006. Cirsium, p. 95-164. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 19. Oxford University Press.
Moore, R.J. and C. Frankton. 1973. The Cirsium arizonicum complex of the southwestern United States. Can. J. Bot.
52:543-551.
Schaack, C.G. and G.A. Goodwin. 1990. A new subspecies of Cirsium parryi (Asteraceae: Cardueae) from Arizona
and comments on the Cirsium parryi complex. Madroño 37(4):299304.
Worthington, R.D. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 31:2. [Cirsium texanum]
acaulescens (Gray) K. Schumann = Cirsium scariosum Nuttall var. americanum
arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. arizonicum [Keil 2006; M&H; W&S]
Arizona thistle
Carduus arizonicus (Gray) Greene
Cnicus arizonicus Gray
arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. bipinnatum (Eastwood) Keil [Keil 2006; M&H; W&S]
Four-Corners thistle
Carduus bipinnatus (Eastwood) Heller
Carduus pulchellus Greene
Cirsium calcareum (M.E. Jones) Wooton & Standley
Cirsium bipinnatum (Eastwood) Rydberg
Cirsium pulchellum (Greene) Wooton & Standley
Cnicus drummondii Gray var. bipinnatus Eastwood
arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. chellyense (Moore & Frankton) Keil [Keil 2006; Heil et al.
2002]
queen thistle
Cirsium chellyense Moore & Frankton
Cirsium chuskaense R.J. Moore
arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. rothrockii (A. Gray) Keil [Allred 2005; Keil 2006]

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 Rothrock’s thistle
Cnicus rothrockii A. Gray
*arvense (Linnaeus) Scopoli [Keil 2006; M&H]
Canadian thistle
Serratula arvensis Linnaeus
bipinnatum (Eastwood) Rydberg = Cirsium arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. bipinnatum (Eastwood)
Keil
calcareum (M.E. Jones) Wooton & Standley = Cirsium arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. bipinnatum
(Eastwood) Keil
canescens Nuttall : Reported by M&H, but excluded from NM by Keil (2006); awaits verification.
Carduus undulatus Nuttall var. canescens (Nuttall) Porter
chellyense Moore & Frankton = Cirsium arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. chellyense (Moore &
Frankton) Keil
chuskaense R.J. Moore = Cirsium arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. chellyense (Moore & Frankton)
Keil
coloradense (Rydberg) Cockerell = Cirsium scariosum Nuttall var. coloradense (Rydberg) Keil
drummondii Torrey & Gray var. acaulescens (Gray) Macbride = Cirsium scariosum Nuttall var.
americanum
drummondii Torrey & Gray s.s. : Not occuring in NM [Keil 2006].
Carduus drummondii (Torrey & Gray) Coville
eatonii (A. Gray) B.L. Robinson var. eriocephalum (A. Gray) Keil [Keil 2006; Spellenberg et
al. 1986]
Rocky Mountain thistle
Carduus scopulorus Greene
Cirsium eriocephalum A. Gray
Cirsium scopulorum (Greene) Cockerell ex Daniels
eriocephalum A. Gray = Cirsium eatonii (A. Gray) B.L. Robinson var. eriocephalum (A. Gray) Keil
gilense (Wooton & Standley) Wooton & Standley = Cirsium parryi (Gray) Petrak
grahamii Gray [Keil 2006; M&H; W&S]
Graham’s thistle
Carduus grahami (Gray) Greene
Cnicus grahami (Gray) Gray
inornatum (Wooton & Standley) Wooton & Standley = Cirsium parryi (Gray) Petrak
megacephalum (Gray) Cockerell = Cirsium undulatum (Nuttall) Sprengel
neomexicanum Gray [Keil 2006; M&H; W&S]
New Mexico thistle
Carduus neomexicanus (Gray) Greene
Cnicus neomexicanus (Gray) Gray
ochrocentrum Gray var. ochrocentrum [Keil 2006; M&H; W&S]
yellow-spine thistle
Carduus ochrocentrus (Gray) Greene
Cnicus ochrocentrus (Gray) Gray
ochrocentrum Gray var. martinii (P. Barlow-Irick) Keil [Barlow-Irick 1999; Keil 2006]
Martin’s thistle
Cirsium ochrocentrum Gray subsp. martinii P. Barlow-Irick
ochrocentrum Gray subsp. martinii P. Barlow-Irick = Cirsium ochrocentrum Gray var. martinii (P.
Barlow-Irick) Keil
pallidum (Wooton & Standley) Wooton & Standley = Cirsium parryi (Gray) Petrak
parryi (Gray) Petrak [Keil 2006; M&H; W&S]
Parry’s thistle
Carduus gilensis Wooton & Standley
Carduus inornatus Wooton & Standley
Carduus pallidus Wooton & Standley
Carduus parryi (Gray) Greene
Cirsium gilense (Wooton & Standley) Wooton & Standley
Cirsium inornatum (Wooton & Standley) Wooton & Standley
Cnicus parryi Gray
perennans (Greene) Wooton & Standley = Cirsium wheeleri (Gray) Petrak

129
 pulchellum (Greene) Wooton & Standley = Cirsium arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. bipinnatum
(Eastwood) Keil
scariosum Nuttall var. americanum : Not occuring in NM [Keil 2006].
Carduus acaulescens (Gray) Rydberg
Carduus drummondii (Torrey & Gray) Coville var. acaulescens (Gray) Coville
Cirsium acaulescens (Gray) K. Schumann
Cirsium drummondii Torrey & Gray var. acaulescens (Gray) Macbride
scariosum Nuttall var. coloradense (Rydberg) Keil [Keil 2006; M&H; W&S]
meadow thistle
Carduus coloradensis Rydberg
Cirsium coloradense (Rydberg) Cockerell ex Daniels
scariosum Nuttall var. scariosum : Not occurring in NM [Keil 2006]; our plants are referred to
Cirsium scariosum Nuttall var. coloradense (Rydberg) Keil
scopulorum (Greene) Cockerell ex Daniels = Cirsium eatonii (A. Gray) B.L. Robinson var.
eriocephalum (A. Gray) Keil
texanum Buckley [Keil 2006; Worthington 2004]
Texas thistle
tracyi (Rydberg) Petrak [Keil 2006]
Tracy’s thistle
Carduus tracyi Rydberg
undulatum (Nuttall) Sprengel [Keil 2006; M&H; W&S]
wavy-leaf thistle
Carduus megacephalus (Gray) A. Nelson
Carduus undulatus Nuttall
Cirsium megacephalum (Gray) Cockerell
Cnicus undulatus (Nuttall) Gray
Cnicus undulatus (Nuttall) Gray var. megacephalus Gray
+vinaceum (Wooton & Standley) Wooton & Standley [Keil 2006; M&H; W&S]
Sacramento Mountains thistle
Carduus vinaceus Wooton & Standley
*vulgare (Savi) Tenore [Keil 2006; M&H]
bull thistle
Carduus vulgaris Savi
Cirsium lanceloatum (Linnaeus) Scopoli
wheeleri (Gray) Petrak [Keil 2006; M&H; W&S]
Wheeler’s thistle
Cirsium perennans (Greene) Wooton & Standley
Cnicus wheeleri Gray
wrightii Gray [Keil 2006; M&H; W&S]
Wright’s thistle
Carduus wrightii (Gray) Heller
Cnicus wrightii (Gray) Gray
Clappia suaedifolia sensu W&S, not Gray = Pseudoclappia arenaria Rydberg
Cnicus arizonicus Gray = Cirsium arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. arizonicum
benedictus Linnaeus : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
drummondii Gray var. bipinnatus Eastwood = Cirsium arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. bipinnatum
(Eastwood) Keil
grahami (Gray) Gray = Cirsium grahamii Gray
neomexicanus (Gray) Gray = Cirsium neomexicanum Gray
ochrocentrus (Gray) Gray = Cirsium ochrocentrum Gray
parryi Gray = Cirsium parryi (Gray) Petrak
rothrockii A. Gray = Cirsium arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. rothrockii (A. Gray) Keil
undulatus (Nuttal) Gray = Cirsium undulatum (Nuttall) Sprengel
undulatus (Nuttal) Gray var. megacephalus Gray = Cirsium undulatum (Nuttall) Sprengel
wheeleri Gray = Cirsium wheeleri (Gray) Petrak
wrightii (Gray) Gray = Cirsium wrightii Gray
Coelestina corymbosa A.P. de Candolle = Ageratum corymbosum Zuccarini
sclerophylla Wooton & Standley = Ageratum corymbosum Zuccarini

130
Coleosanthus ambigens Greene = Brickelliastrum fendleri (Gray) King & H.E. Robinson
axillaris Greene = Brickellia californica (Torrey & Gray) Gray
baccharideus (Gray) Kuntze = Brickellia baccharidea Gray
betonicifolius (Gray) Kuntze = Brickellia betonicifolia Gray
brachyphyllus (Gray) Kuntze = Brickellia brachyphylla Gray
chenopodinus Greene = Brickellia chenopodina (Greene) Robins
floribundus (Gray) Kuntze = Brickellia floribunda Gray
grandiflorus (Hooker) Kuntze = Brickellia grandiflora (Hooker) Nuttall var. grandiflora
humilis Greene = Brickellia oblongifolia Nuttall var. linifolia (D.C. Eaton) Robinson
laciniatus (Gray) Kuntze = Brickellia laciniata Gray
linifolius (D.C. Eaton) Kuntze = Brickellia oblongifolia Nuttall var. linifolia (D.C. Eaton) Robinson
melissaefolius Greene = Brickellia californica (Torrey & Gray) Gray
modestus Greene : Belongs in Brickellia; status uncertain.
nepetaefolius Greene : Status uncertain
petiolaris (Gray) Greene = Brickellia grandiflora (Hooker) Nuttall var. petiolaris Gray
reniformis (Gray) Rydberg = Brickellia californica (Torrey & Gray) Gray
rusbyi (Gray) Kuntze = Brickellia rusbyi Gray
scaber Greene = Brickellia microphylla (Nuttall) Gray var. scabra Gray
squamulosus (Gray) Kuntze = Asanthus squamulosus (Gray) King & H.E. Robinson
umbellatus Greene = Brickellia grandiflora (Hooker) Nuttall var. grandiflora
venosus Wooton & Standley = Brickellia venosa (Wooton & Standley) Robinson
wootonii Greene = Brickellia lemmonii A. Gray var. lemmonii
wrightii (Gray) Britton = Baccharis wrightii Gray
Conoclinium mist-flower
King, R.M. and H. Robinson. 1970. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Compositae). XIII. The genus Conoclinium.
Phytologia 19(5):299-300.
Schilling, E.E., J.L. Panero, & P.B. Cox. 1999. Chloroplast DNA restriction site data support a narrowed
interpretation of Eupatorium (Asteraceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 219:209-223.
dissectum Gray [M&H; W&S]
mist-flower
Conoclinium greggii (Gray) Small
Eupatorium greggii Gray
greggii (Gray) Small = Conoclinium dissectum Gray
Conyza horseweed
Allred, K.W. & D.L. Anderson. 2002. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 21:2. [Conyza
bonariensis]
Nesom, G.L. 1990. Taxonomy of the genus Laennecia (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytologia 68(3):205-228.
*bonariensis (Linnaeus) Cronquist [Allred & Anderson 2002]
asthmaweed
Erigeron bonariensis Linnaeus
*canadensis (Linnaeus) Cronquist var. canadensis [M&H; W&S]
horseweed
Erigeron canadensis Linnaeus
Leptilon canadense (Linnaeus) Britton & Brown
canadensis (Linnaeus) Cronquist var. glabrata (Gray) Cronquist [M&H: W&S]
western horseweed
Erigeron canadensis Linnaeus var. glabrata Gray
coulteri A. Gray = Laennecia coulteri (A. Gray) Nesom
coulteri Gray var. tenuisecta Gray = Laennecia sophiifolia (Kunth) Nesom
purpurascens Swartz = Pluchea odorata (Linnaeus) Cassini
ramosissima Cronquist [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
dwarf horseweed
schiedeana (Lessing) Cronquist = Laennecia schiedeana (Lessing) Nesom
sophiifolia Kunth = Laennecia sophiifolia (Kunth) Nesom
Coreopsis tickseed
Cronquist, A. 1994. Coreopsis, pp. 44-45. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
Sherff, E.E. 1955. Coreopsis, p. 4-40. IN: E.E. Sherff & E.J. Alexander, Compositae-Heliantheae-Coreopsidinae.
North Amer. Flora II. pt. 2.
Smith, E.B. 1976. A biosystematic survey of Coreopsis in eastern United States and Canada. Sida 6:123-215.

131
 atkinsoniana Douglas ex Lindley = Coreopsis tinctoria Nuttall var. atkinsoniana (Douglas ex
Lindley) H.M. Parker
basalis (A. Dietrich) S.F. Blake var. wrightii (Gray) S.F. Blake [Sherff 1955]
rock tickseed, Wright’s tickseed
Coreopsis drummondii (D. Don) Torr. & Gray var. wrightii Gray
Coreopsis wrightii (Gray) H.M. Parker ex E.B. Smith
californica (Nuttall) Sharsmith [Spellenberg et al. 1993]
Californica tickseed
Coreopsis californica (Nuttall) Sharsmith var. newberryi (Gray) E.B. Smith
Leptosyne californica Nuttall
californica (Nuttall) Sharsmith var. newberryi (Gray) E.B. Smith = Coreopsis californica (Nuttall)
Sharsmith
cardaminifolia (A.P. de Candolle) Torrey & Gray = Coreopsis tinctoria Nuttall
drummondii (D. Don) Torrey & Gray var. wrightii Gray = Coreopsis basalis (A. Dietrich) S.F. Blake
var. wrightii (Gray) S.F. Blake
grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet [M&H]
large-flower tickseed
Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet var. harveyana (Gray) Sherff
grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet var. harveyana (Gray) Sherff = Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet
lanceolata Linnaeus [M&H]
lance-leaf tickseed
parviflora Jacquin = Cosmos parviflorus (Jacquin) Persoon
tinctoria Nuttall var. atkinsoniana (Douglas ex Lindley) H.M. Parker ex E.B. Small = Coreopsis
tinctoria Nuttall var. atkinsoniana (Douglas ex Lindley) H.M. Parker
tinctoria Nuttall [M&H]
golden tickseed
Calliopsis cardaminifolia A.P. de Candolle
Coreopsis atkinsoniana Douglas ex Lindley
Coreopsis cardaminifolia (A.P. de Candolle) Torrey & Gray
Coreopsis tinctoria Nuttall var. atkinsoniana (Douglas ex Lindley) H.M. Parker ex E.B.
Small
wrightii (Gray) H.M. Parker ex E.B. Smith = Coreopsis basalis (A. Dietrich) S.F. Blake var. wrightii
(Gray) S.F. Blake
Cosmos cosmos
*bipinnatus Cavanilles [M&H]
garden cosmos
parviflorus (Jacquin) Persoon [M&H; W&S]
southwestern cosmos
Coreopsis parviflora Jacquin
Cotula brassbuttons
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 11:8. [Cotula australis]
*australis (Siebold ex Sprengel) Hooker f. [Allred 1999]
southern brassbuttons
Anacyclus australis Siebold ex Sprengel
Crassina pumila (Gray) Kuntze = Zinnia acerosa (A.P. de Candolle) Gray
grandiflora (Nuttall) Kuntze = Zinnia grandiflora Nuttall
Crepis hawk’s beard
Babcock, E.B. 1947. The genus Crepis. Part two, systematic treatment. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22:199-1030.
Bogler, D.J. 2006. Crepis, p. 222-239. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 19. Oxoford University Press, New York.
Cronquist, A. 1994. Crepis, pp. 459-468. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
acuminata Nuttall [Bogler 2006; M&H; W&S]
long-leaf hawk’s beard
Crepis acuminata Nuttall subsp. pluriflora Babcock & Stebbins
acuminata Nuttall subsp. pluriflora Babcock & Stebbins = Crepis acuminata Nuttall
barberi Greenman = Crepis runcinata Torrey & Gray var. barberi (Greenman) B.L. Turner
chamaephylla Wooton & Standley = Crepis runcinata Torrey & Gray var. glauca (Nuttall) Boivin
glauca (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray = Crepis runcinata Torrey & Gray var. glauca (Nuttall) Boivin
intermedia Gray [Babcock 1947; Bogler 2006; Kartesz 1999]

132
 limestone hawk’s beard
mogollonica Greene ex Wooton & Standley = Crepis runcinata Torrey & Gray var. barberi
(Greenman) B.L. Turner
neomexicana Wooton & Standley = Crepis runcinata Torrey & Gray var. runcinata
occidentalis Nuttall [Bogler 2006; M&H; W&S]
western hawk’s beard
perplexans Rydberg = Crepis runcinata Torrey & Gray var. runcinata
petiolata Rydberg = Crepis runcinata Torrey & Gray var. runcinata
runcinata (James) Torrey & Gray var. barberi (Greenman) B.L. Turner [Bogler 2006; M&H;
W&S]
fiddle-leaf hawk’s beard
Crepis barberi Greenman
Crepis mogollonica Greene ex Wooton & Standley
Crepis runcinata Torrey & Gray subsp. barberi (Greenman) Babcock & Stebbins
runcinata Torrey & Gray subsp. barberi (Greenman) Babcock & Stebbins = Crepis runcinata
(James) Torrey & Gray var. barberi (Greene) B.L. Turner
runcinata (James) Torrey & Gray var. glauca (Nuttall) Boivin [Bogler 2006; M&H; W&S]
fiddle-leaf hawk’s beard
Crepis chamaephylla Wooton & Standley
Crepis glauca (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray
Crepis runcinata Torrey & Gray subsp. glauca (Nuttall) Babcock & Stebbins
runcinata Torrey & Gray subsp. glauca (Nuttall) Babcock & Stebbins = Crepis runcinata (James)
Torrey & Gray var. glauca (Nuttall) Boivin
runcinata (James) Torrey & Gray var. runcinata [Bogler 2006; M&H; W&S]
fiddle-leaf hawk’s beard
Crepis neomexicana Wooton & Standley
Crepis perplexans Rydberg
Crepis petiolata Rydberg
Crinitaria viscidiflora Hooker = Chrysothamnus viscidiflora (Hooker) Nuttall var. viscidiflorus
Cyclachaena careless-weed
Strother, J.L. 2000. Hedosyne (Compositae, Ambrosiinae), a new genus for Iva ambrosiifolia. Madroño 47(3):204-
205.
ambrosiifolia (A. Gray) Rydberg = Hedosyne ambrosiifolia (A. Gray) Strother
xanthiifolia (Nuttall) Fresenius [M&H; W&S]
careless-weed
Iva xanthiifolia Nuttall
Cynthia viridis Standley = Krigia biflora (Walter) Blake
Delwiensia pattersonii (A. Gray) Weber & Wittmann = Artemisia pattersonii A. Gray
Diaperia cudweed
Hershey, A.L. & P.J. Leyendecker, Jr. 1944. Notes on plants of New Mexico – III. Leafl. West. Bot. 4(2):21-25.
[Evax prolifera]
Morefield, J.D. 2006. Diaperia, pp. 460-463. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 19. Oxford University Press, New
York.
prolifera (Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall var. barnebyi Morefield [Morefield 2006]
Barneby’s cudweed
prolifera (Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall var. prolifera [Hershey & Leyedecker 1944;
Spellenberg 1984]
big-head cudweed
Evax prolifera Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle
Filago prolifera (Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle) Britton
verna (Rafinesque) Morefield var. verna [M&H; W&S]
spring cudweed, rabbit tobacco
Evax multicaulis A.P. de Candolle
Evax verna Rafinesque
Filaginopsis multicaulis Torrey & Gray
Dicoria twinbugs
Cronquist, A. 1994. Dicoria, pp. 57. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
brandegei Gray = Dicoria canescens A. Gray var. brandegei (Gray) Cronquist
canescens A. Gray var. brandegei (Gray) Cronquist [M&H; W&S]

133
 desert twinbugs
Dicoria brandegei Gray
Dicoria paniculata Eastwood
paniculata Eastwood = Dicoria canescens A. Gray var. brandegei (Gray) Cronquist
Dicranocarpus pitchforks
dicranocarpus (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Dicranocarpus parviflorus Gray
parviflorus Gray [M&H; W&S]
pitchforks
Dicranocarpus dicranocarpus (Gray) Wooton & Standley
Heterospermum dicranocarpum Gray
Wootonia parviflora (Gray) Greene
Dieteria spine-aster
Morgan, D.R. & R.L. Hartman. 2003. A synopsis of Machaeranthera (Asteraceae: Astereae), with recognition of
segregate genera. Sida 20(4):1387-1416.
asteroides Torrey var. asteroides [M&H; Turner 1987; W&S]
starry spine-aster
Aster amplifolius (Wooton & Standley) Kittell
Aster canescens Pursh var. tephrodes Gray
Aster tephrodes (Gray) Blake
Machaeranthera amplifolia Wooton & Standley
Machaeranthera asteroides (Torrey) Greene
Machaeranthera canescens (Pursh) Gray var. incana (Lindley) Gray
Machaeranthera canescens (Pursh) Gray var. latifolia Gray
Machaeranthera simplex Wooton & Standley
Machaeranthera tephrodes (Gray) Greene
asteroides Torrey var. glandulosa (B.L. Turner) Morgan & Hartman [Turner 1987]
starry spine-aster
Machaeranthera asteroides (Torrey) Greene var. glandulosa B.L. Turner
bigelovii (Gray) Morgan & Hartman var. bigelovii [M&H; Turner 1987; W&S]
Bigelow’s spine-aster
Aster aquifolius (Greene) Blake
Aster bigelovii Gray
Machaeranthera aquifolia Greene
Machaeranthera bigelovii (Gray) Greene
Machaeranthera centaureoides Greene
Machaeranthera rubricaulis Rydberg
canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. ambigua (B. Turner) Morgan & Hartman [M&H; Turner
1987; W&S]
sand-daisy
Machaeranthera canescens (Pursh) Gray var. ambigua B.L. Turner
Machaeranthera angustifolia Wooton & Standley
canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. aristata (Eastwood) Morgan & Hartman [Turner 1987; W&S]
sand-daisy
Aster canescens Pursh var. aristata Eastwood
Machaeranthera canescens (Pursh) Gray var. aristata (Eastwood) B. Turner
Machaeranthera cichoriacea Greene
canescens (Pursh) Nuttall s.s. : Not known from NM [Turner 1987].
Aster canescens Pursh
Aster rubrotinctus Blake
Machaeranthera canescens (Pursh) Gray
Machaeranthera viscosa (Nuttall) Greene
canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. glabra (Gray) Morgan & Hartman [M&H; Turner 1987; W&S]
smooth sand-daisy
Aster linearis (Greene) Cory
Machaeranthera canescens (Pursh) Gray var. glabra Gray
Machaeranthera linearis Greene
coronopifolia Nuttall = Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Kunth) Nees
gracilis Nuttall = Xanthisma gracile (Nuttall) Morgan & Hartman

134
Diplothrix acerosa A.P. de Candolle = Zinnia acerosa (A.P. de Candolle) Gray
Distasis concinna Hooker & Arnott = Erigeron concinnus (Hooker & Arnott) Torrey & Gray var.
concinnus
Donia squarrosa Pursh = Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal
Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cassini = Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Vahl
Dugaldea hoopesii (Gray) Rydberg = Hymenoxys hoopesii (A. Gray) Bierner
Dyssodia fetid-marigold
Strother, J.L. 1969. Systematics of Dyssodia Cavanilles (Compositae: Tageteae). Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 48:1-86.
Strother, J.L. 1986. Renovation of Dyssodia (Compositae: Tageteae). Sida 11:371-378.
acerosa A.P. de Candolle = Thymophylla acerosa (A.P. de Candolle) Strother
aurea (Gray) A. Nelson = Thymophylla aurea (Gray) Greene ex Britton
hartwegii (Gray) Robinson = Thymophylla pentachaeta (A.P. de Candolle) Small var. hartwegii
(Gray) Strother
neomexicana (Gray) Robinson = Adenophyllum wrightii Gray
papposa (Ventenat) Hitchcock [M&H; W&S]
fetid-marigold
Boebera papposa (Ventenat) Rydberg
Tagetes papposa Ventenat
pentachaeta (A.P. de Candolle) Robinson = Thymophylla pentachaeta (A.P. de Candolle) Small var.
pentachaeta
polychaeta (Gray) Robinson = Thymophylla aurea (Gray) Greene var. polychaeta (Gray) Strother
setifolia (Lagasca) Robinson var. greggii (Gray) Shinners = Thymophylla setifolia Lagasca var.
radiata (Gray) Strother
setifolia (Lagasca) Robinson var. radiata (Gray) Strother = Thymophylla setifolia Lagasca var.
radiata (Gray) Strother
thurberi (Gray) Robinson = Thymophylla pentachaeta (A.P. de Candolle) Small var. belenidium
(A.P. de Candolle) Strother
Echinacea coneflower
Binns, S.E., B.R. Baum, & J.T. Arnason. 2002. A taxonomic revision of Echinacea (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Syst.
Bot. 27(3):610-632.
angustifolia A.P. de Candolle [M&H]
purple coneflower
Brauneria angustifolia (A.P. de Candolle) Heller
Echinacea pallida (Nuttall) Nuttall var. angustifolia (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
pallida (Nuttall) Nuttall var. angustifolia (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist = Echinacea angustifolia A.P.
de Candolle
Eclipta false daisy
alba (Linnaeus) Hasskarl = Eclipta prostrata (Linnaeus) Linnaeus
erecta Linnaeus = Eclipta prostrata (Linnaeus) Linnaeus
*prostrata (Linnaeus) Linnaeus
false daisy
Eclipta alba (Linnaeus) Hasskarl
Eclipta erecta Linnaeus
Verbesina alba Linnaeus
Verbesina prostrata Linnaeus
Encelia brittlebush
Clark, C. 2006. Encelia, pp. 118-122. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21. Oxford University Press.
exaristata (Gray) Gray = Simsia lagasceiformis A.P. de Candolle
frutescens Gray var. virginensis (A. Nelson) Blake = Encelia virginensis A. Nelson
virginensis A. Nelson [M&H]
Virgin River brittlebush
Encelia frutescens Gray var. virginensis (A. Nelson) Blake
microcephala Gray = Helianthella microcephala (Gray) Gray
scaposa (Gray) Gray [M&H; W&S]
one-head brittlebush
Simsia scaposa Gray
Engelmannia Engelmann’s daisy
Goodman, G.J. and C.A. Lawson. 1992. Two new combinations and a name change from the Long Expedition of
1820. Rhodora 94:381.

135
 Turner, B.L. 1956. Chromosome numbers and geographic distribution of Lindheimera, Engelmannia, and
Berlandiera. Southwestern Naturalist 1:128-131.
peristenia (Rafinesque) Goodman & Lawson [M&H; W&S]
Engelmann’s daisy
Engelmannia pinnatifida Torrey & Gray
Silphium peristenium Rafinesque
pinnatifida Torrey & Gray = Engelmannia peristenia (Rafinesque) Goodman & Lawson
Ericameria goldenbush
Anderson, L.C. 1978. New taxa in Chrysothamnus, section Nauseosi (Asteraceae). Phytologia 38:309-320.
Anderson, L.C. 1980. Morphology and biogeography of Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. texensis (Asteraceae): a new
Guadalupe Mountains endemic. Southw. Naturalist 25:197-206.
Anderson, L.C. 1986. An overview of the genus Chrysothamnus (Asteraceae), pp. 29-45, IN: E.D. McArthur & B.L.
Welsh (compilers). Proceedings – Symposium on the Biology of Artemisia and Chrysothamnus. USDA For.
Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-200.
Anderson, L.C. 1995. The Chrysothamnus-Ericameria connection (Asteraceae). Great Basin Nat. 55(1):84-88.
Nesom, G.L. 1990. Taxonomic summary of Ericameria (Asteraceae: Astereae), with the inclusion of Haplopappus
sects. Macronema and Asiris. Phytologia 68(2):144-155.
Nesom, G.L. and G.I. Baird. 1993. Completion of Ericameria (Asteraceae: Astereae), diminution of Chrysothamnus.
Phytologia 75(1):74-93.
Sivinski, R. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 19:3. [Ericameria parryi affinis]
Urbatsch, L.E. 1978. The Chihuahuan desert species of Ericameria (Compositae: Astereae). Sida 7(3):298-303.
Urbatsch, L.E., L.C. Anderson, R.P. Roberts, & K.M. Neubig. 2006. Ericameria, p. 50-77. IN: Flora of North
America, vol. 20. Oxford University Press, New York.
cuneata (Gray) McClatchie var. spathulata (Gray) H.M. Hall [M&H]
cliff goldenbush
Bigelovia spathulata Gray
Haplopappus cuneatus Gray var. spathulatus (Gray) Blake
depressa (Nuttall) L.C. Anderson = Chrysothamnus depressus Nuttall
filifolia (Rydberg) L.C. Anderson = Chrysothamnus greenei (Gray) Greene
laricifolia (Gray) Shinners [M&H; W&S]
turpentine bush
Chrysoma laricifolia (Gray) Greene
Haplopappus laricifolius Gray
linearifolia (A.P. de Candolle) Urbatsch & Wussow [Urbatsch et al. 2006]
narrowleaf goldenbush
Haplopappus linearifolius A.P. de Candolle
linifolia (Greene) L.C. Anderson = Lorandersonia linifolia (Greene) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig
microcephala (Cronquist) Kartesz & Gandhi = Lorandersonia microcephala (Cronquist) Urbatsch,
Roberts & Neubig
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. arenaria (L.C. Anderson) Nesom &
Baird [Anderson 1986]
rubber rabbitbrush
Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. arenarius L.C. Anderson
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. bigelovii (Torrey) Nesom & Baird
[Anderson 1986; M&H; W&S]
Bigelow’s rabbitbrush
Chrysothamnus bigelovii (Gray) Greene
Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. bigelovii (Gray) Hall &
Clements
Linosyris bigelovii Gray
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. arta (A. Nelson) Nesom & Baird = Ericameria
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. oreophila (A. Nelson) Nesom &
Baird
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. graveolens (Nuttall) Reveal & Schuyler
[Anderson 1986; M&H; W&S]
rubber rabbitbrush
Bigelovia graveolens (Nuttall) Gray
Chrysocoma graveolens Nuttall
Chrysothamnus confinis Greene
Chrysothamnus graveolens (Nuttall) Greene

136
 Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. graveolens (Nuttall) Hall &
Clements
Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. glabrata (A. Gray) Nesom &
Baird
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. hololeuca (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird
[Anderson 1986; M&H]
rubber rabbitbrush
Bigelovia graveolens (Nuttall) Gray var. hololeuca A. Gray
Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. gnaphalodes (Greene) Hall
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. juncea (Greene) Nesom & Baird : Reported by
M&H, but excluded from NM by Urbatsch et al. (2006); verification needed.
Chrysothamnus junceus Greene
Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. junceus (Greene) Hall
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. latisquamea (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird
[Anderson 1986; M&H; W&S]
rubber rabbitbrush
Bigelovia graveolens (Nuttall) Gray var. appendiculata Eastwood
Bigelovia graveolens (Nuttall) Gray var. latisquamea A. Gray
Chrysothamnus appendiculatus (Eastwood) Heller
Chrysothamnus latisquameus (Gray) Greene
Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. latisquameus (Gray) H. & S.
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. nauseosa : Reported by M&H, but the map in
Anderson 1986 shows that this taxon is not likely to be found in NM, and not
reported for the state in Urbatsch et al. (2006); awaits verification.
Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. nauseosus
Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. typicus Hall & Clements
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. nitida (L.C. Anderson) Nesom & Baird
[Anderson 1986]
rubber rabbitbrush
Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. nitidus L.C. Anderson
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. oreophila (A. Nelson) Nesom & Baird
[M&H; W&S]
rubber rabbitbrush
Chrysothamnus nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. arta (A. Nelson) Nesom
& Baird
Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. consimilis (Greene) Hall &
Clements
Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. pinifolius (Greene) Hall &
Clements
Chrysothamnus oreophilus A. Nelson
Chrysothamnus pinifolius Greene
Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. arta (A. Nelson) Nesom &
Baird
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. speciosa (Nuttall) Nesom & Baird : Reported by
M&H, but not by Urbatsch et al. (2006); awaits verification.
Chrysothamnus formosus Greene
Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. speciosus (Nuttall) Hall &
Clements
Chrysothamnus pulcherrimus A. Nelson
Chrysothamnus speciosus Nuttall
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. texensis (L.C. Anderson) Nesom &
Baird [Anderson 1980]
rubber rabbitbrush
Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. texensis L.C. Anderson
nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. turbinata (M.E. Jones) Nesom [Heil et al.
2002]
rubber rabbitbrush
Bigelovia turbinata M.E. Jones
parryi (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird var. affinis (A. Nelson) Nesom & Baird [Sivinski 2001]

137
 Parry’s rabbitbrush
Chrysothamnus affinis A. Nelson
Chrysothamnus parryi (Gray) Greene subsp affinis (A. Nelson) L.C. Anderson
parryi (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird var. attenuata (M.E. Jones) Nesom & Baird [Anderson
1986; M&H; W&S]
Parry’s rabbitbrush
Bigelovia howardii (Parry ex Gray) Gray var. attenuata M.E. Jones
Chrysothamnus newberryi Rydberg
Chrysothamnus parryi (Gray) Greene subsp. attenuatus (M.E. Jones) Hall & Clements
parryi (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird var. howardii (Parry ex A. Gray) Nesom & Baird
[Anderson 1986; M&H]
Howard’s rabbitbrush
Chrysothamnus howardii (Parry ex A. Gray) Greene
Chrysothamnus parryi (Gray) Greene subsp. howardii (Parry ex A. Gray) Hall &
Clements
Linosyris howardii Parry ex A. Gray
parryi (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird var. parryi [Anderson 1986]
Parry’s rabbitbrush
Chrysothamnus parryi (Gray) Greene
pulchella (Gray) L.C. Anderson subsp. baileyi (Wooton & Standley) L.C. Anderson = Lorandersonia
baileyi (Wooton & Standley) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig
pulchella (Gray) L.C. Anderson var. elatior (Standley) L.C. Anderson = Lorandersonia pulchella
(Gray) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig
pulchella (Gray) L.C. Anderson var. pulchella = Lorandersonia pulchella (Gray) Urbatsch, Roberts
& Neubig
spathulata (L.C. Anderson) L.C. Anderson = Lorandersonia spathulata (L.C. Anderson) Urbatsch,
Roberts & Neubig
vaseyi (Gray) L.C. Anderson = Chrysothamnus vaseyi (Gray) Greene
viscidiflora (Hooker) L.C. Anderson subsp. lanceolata (Nuttall) L.C. Anderson = Chrysothamnus
viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall var. lanceolata (Nuttall) Greene
viscidiflora (Hooker) L.C. Anderson var. stenophylla (A. Gray) L.C. Anderson = Chrysothamnus
viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall var. viscidiflorus
viscidiflora (Hooker) L.C. Anderson var. viscidiflora = Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker)
Nuttall var. viscidiflorus
Erigeron fleabane
Cronquist, A. 1947. Revision of the North American species of Erigeron, north of Mexico. Brittonia 6:122-302.
Cronquist, A. 1994. Erigeron, pp. 305-351. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
DeJong, D.C.D. & G.L. Nesom. 1996. Chromosome counts in Mexican Erigeron. Madroo 43(3):384-392.
Hartman, R.L. 2003. Preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico.
Distributed by the author <rhartman@uwyo.edu>. [Erigeron acris asteroides]
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233.
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports [Botrychium campestre, Antennaria dimorpha, Erigeron argentatus,
Erigeron utahensis]. The New Mexico Botanist 37:7.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Erigeron compactus consimilis, Erigeron engelmannii]
Heil, K. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 31:2. [Erigeron abajoensis]
Nesom, G.L. 1978. Chromosome numbers in Erigeron and Conyza (Compositae). Sida 7:375-381.
Nesom, G.L. 1978. Erigeron hessii sp. nov. and Erigeron kuscheri Eastwood (Compositae), two closely related
narrow endemics from the southwestern United States. Brittonia 30(4):440-446.
Nesom, G.L. 1982. Systematics of the Erigeron rusbyi group (Asteraceae) and delimitation of sect. Peregrinus. Syst.
Bot. 7(4):457-470.
Nesom, G.L. 1983. Taxonomy of Erigeron concinnus (Asteraceae) and its separation from E. pumilus. Sida 10:159-
166.
Nesom, G.L. 1989. Taxonomy of Erigeron sect. Polyactis (Compositae: Astereae). Phytologia 66(5):415-455.
Nesom, G.L. 1989. Infrageneric taxonomy of New World Erigeron (Compositae: Astereae). Phytologia 67(1):67-93.
Nesom, G.L. 1990. Taxonomy of Erigeron bellidiastrum (Asteraceae: Astereae), with a new variety. Phytologia
69(3):163-168.
Nesom, G.L. 1991. A new species of Erigeron (Asteraceae): Astereae) from northwestern New Mexico. Phytologia
71(5):416-419. [Erigeron sivinskii]
Nesom, G.L. 1992. Taxonomic notes on Erigeron (Asteraceae: Astereae) of California, Nevada, and Arizona.
Phytologia 73(3):186-202.
Nesom, G.L. 2004. Taxonomic reevaluations in North American Erigeron (Asteraceae: Astereae). Sida 21(1):19-39.

138
Nesom, G.L. 2004. Erigeron peregrinus and Erigeron glacialis (Asteraceae: Astereae). Sida 21(2):665-672.
Nesom, G.L. 2006. Erigeron, p. 256-348. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 20. Oxford University Press.
Nesom, G.L. and B. Hevron. 1995. Erigeron bistiensis (Asteraceae: Astereae): A new species from northwestern New
Mexico. Madroo 42:12-18.
Nesom, G.L. & D.F. Murray. 2004. Notes on North American arctic and boreal species of Erigeron (Asteraceae:
Astereae). Sida 21(1):41-57.
Nesom, G.L. & V.D. Roth. 1981. Erigeron scopulinus (Compositae), an endemic from the southwestern United States.
J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 16:39-42.
Spellenberg, R. and P. Knight. 1989. A new species of Erigeron (Asteraceae) from central New Mexico. Madroño
36:115-121. [Erigeron acomanus]
Tonne, P. & T.K. Lowrey. 1998. An analysis of taxonomic boundaries between Erigeron pulcherrimus and Erigeron
bistiensis. Report for Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department, State of New Mexico.
abajoensis Cronquist [Heil 2004]
Abajo fleabane
accedens Greene = Erigeron divergens Torrey & Gray
+acomanus Spellenberg & Knight [Spellenberg & Knight 1989]
Acoma fleabane
acris Linnaeus var. kamtschaticus (A.P. de Candolle) Herder [Hartman 2003]
bitter fleabane
Erigeron kamtschaticus A.P. de Candolle
acris Linnaeus var. asteroides (Andrzejowski ex Besser) A.P. de Candolle : This name restricted by
Nesom (2006) and others for Eurasian endemics. North American plants are
referred to var. kamtschaticus (A.P. de Candoll) Herder.
acris Linnaeus var. debilis Gray = Erigeron nivalis Nuttall
annuus (Linnaeus) Persoon of NM reports = Erigeron strigosus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow
aphanactis (Gray) Greene [M&H; W&S]
shaggy fleabane
Erigeron concinnus (Hooker & Arnott) Torrey & Gray var. aphanactis Gray
arenarius Greene = Erigeron bellidiastrum Nuttall var. arenarius (Greene) Nesom
argentatus A. Gray [Heil 2007]
silver fleabane
arizonicus A. Gray [M&H; W&S]
Arizona fleabane
Erigeron rusbyi Gray
bakeri Wooton & Standley = Erigeron subtrinervis Rydberg
bellidiastrum Nuttall var. arenarius (Greene) Nesom [Nesom 1990; W&S]
western fleabane
Erigeron arenarius Greene
bellidiastrum Nuttall var. bellidiastrum [M&H; W&S]
western fleabane
Erigeron bellidiastrum Nuttall var. typicus Cronquist
Erigeron eastwoodiae Wooton & Standley
bellidiastrum Nuttall var. robustus Cronquist [M&H]
western fleabane
bellidiastrum Nuttall var. typicus Cronquist = Erigeron bellidiastrum Nuttall var. bellidiastrum
bigelovii Gray [M&H]
Bigelow’s fleabane
bonariensis Linnaeus = Conyza bonariensis (Linnaeus) Cronquist
brandegei Gray : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
bistiensis Nesom & Hevron = Erigeron pulcherrimus Heller
caespitosus Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
tufted fleabane
callianthemus Greene = Erigeron glacialis (Nuttall) A. Nelson var. glacialis
canadensis Linnaeus = Conyza canadensis (Linnaeus) Cronquist var. canadensis
canadensis Linnaeus var. glabrata Gray = Conyza canadensis (Linnaeus) Cronquist var. glabrata
(Gray) Cronquist
canus Gray [M&H; W&S]
hoary fleabane
Wyomingia cana (Gray) A. Nelson

139
ciliatus Ledebour = Symphyotrichum ciliatum (Ledebour) G.L. Nesom
colomexicanus A. Nelson = Erigeron tracyi Greene
commixtus Greene = Erigeron flagellaris Gray
compactus Blake var. consimilis (Cronquist) S.F. Blake = Erigeron consimilis Cronquist
compositus Pursh var. glabratus Macoun (=Erigeron compositus Pursh) : Reported as expected by
M&H; awaits verification.
Erigeron compositus Pursh var. multifidus (Rydberg) Macbride & Payson
Erigeron multifidus Rydberg
compositus Pursh var. multifidus (Rydberg) Macbride & Payson = Erigeron compositus Pursh
compositus Pursh var. pinnatisectus Gray = Erigeron pinnatisectus (Gray) A. Nelson
concinnus (Hooker & Arnott) Torrey & Gray var. aphanactis Gray = Erigeron aphanactis (Gray)
Greene
concinnus (Hooker & Arnott) Torrey & Gray var. concinnus [M&H; W&S]
Navajo fleabane
Distasis concinna Hooker & Arnott
Erigeron pumilus Nuttall subsp. concinnoides Cronquist
Erigeron setulosus Greene
concinnus (Hooker & Arnott) Torrey & Gray var. condensatus D.C. Eaton [Nesom 1983]
Navajo fleabane
concinnus (Hooker & Arnott) Torrey & Gray var. subglaber [Nesom 1983]
Navajo fleabane
consimilis Conquist [Heil et al. 2002]
San Rafael fleabane
Erigeron compactus Blake var. consimilis (Cronquist) S.F. Blake
coulteri Porter [M&H; W&S]
Coulter’s fleabane
delphinifolius Willdenow subsp. neomexicanus (Gray) Cronquist = Erigeron neomexicanus Gray
delphinifolius Willdenow subsp. neomexicanus (Gray) Cronquist var. oreophilus (Greenman)
Cronquist = Erigeron oreophilus Greenman
deminutus Wooton & Standley = Erigeron formosissimus Greene
divergens Torrey & Gray [M&H; W&S]
spreading fleabane
Erigeron accedens Greene
Erigeron divergens Torrey & Gray var. typicus Cronquist
Erigeron wootonii Rydberg
divergens Torrey & Gray var. cinereus Gray = Erigeron tracyi Greene
divergens Torrey & Gray var. nudiflorus A. Nelson = Erigeron flagellaris Gray
divergens Torrey & Gray var. typicus Cronquist = Erigeron divergens Torrey & Gray
eastwoodiae Wooton & Standley = Erigeron bellidiastrum Nuttall var. bellidiastrum
eatonii Gray [Heil et al. 2002; W&S]
Eaton’s fleabane
elatior (Gray) Greene [M&H]
tall fleabane
Erigeron grandiflorus Sessé & Mociño var. elatior A.Gray
engelmannii A. Nelson [Heil et al. 2002]
Engelmann’s fleabane
eximius Greene [M&H; W&S]
spruce-fir fleabane
Erigeron superbus Greene ex Rydberg
flagellaris Gray [M&H; W&S]
whiplash fleabane
Erigeron commixtus Greene
Erigeron divergens Torrey & Gray var. nudiflorus A. Nelson
Erigeron flagellaris Gray var. typicus Cronquist
Erigeron macdougalii Heller
Erigeron nudiflorus Buckley
Erigeron senilis Wooton & Standley

140
 Erigeron tonsus Wooton & Standley
flagellaris Gray var. typicus Cronquist = Erigeron flagellaris Gray
formosissimus Greene var. formosissimus [M&H; W&S]
beautiful fleabane
Erigeron deminutus Wooton & Standley
Erigeron formosissimus Greene var. typicus Cronquist
Erigeron mogollonicus Greene
Erigeron pecosensis Standley
Erigeron smithii Rydberg
formosissimus Greene var. typicus Cronquist = Erigeron formosissimus Greene var. formosissimus
formosissimus Greene var. viscidus (Rydberg) Cronquist [M&H; W&S]
Erigeron viscidus Rydberg
formosissimus Greene var. viscidus (Rydberg) Cronquist = Erigeron formosissimus Greene viscidus
(Rydberg) Cronquist
gilensis Wooton & Standley = Erigeron versicolor (Greenman) Nesom
glabellus Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
streamside fleabane
glacialis (Nuttall) A. Nelson var. glacialis [M&H; W&S]
subalpine fleabane
Aster glacialis Nuttall
Erigeron callianthemus Greene
Erigeron peregrinus (Banks ex Pursh) Greene subsp. callianthemus (Greene) Cronquist
Erigeron salsuginosus (Richardson) Gray
grandiflorus Sessé & Mociño var. elatior A.Gray = Erigeron elatior (Gray) Greene
grayi Heller = Erigeron pulcherrimus Heller
grandiflorus Hooker [M&H; W&S]
large-flower fleabane
Erigeron leucotrichus Rydberg
Erigeron simplex Greene
Erigeron uniflorus auctores
+hessii Nesom [Nesom 1978]
Hess’s fleabane
kamtschaticus A.P. de Candolle = Erigeron acris Linnaeus var. kamtschaticus (A.P. de Candolle)
Herder
leiomerus Gray [M&H; W&S]
rockslide fleabane
leiophyllus Greene = Erigeron speciosus (Lindley) A.P. de Candolle
leucotrichus Rydberg = Erigeron grandiflorus Hooker
lonchophyllus Hooker [M&H; W&S]
short-ray fleabane
Erigeron minor (Hooker) Rydberg
macdougalii Heller = Erigeron flagellaris Gray
macranthus Nuttall = Erigeron speciosus (Lindley) A.P. de Candolle var. macranthus (Nuttall)
Cronquist
melanocephalus (A. Nelson) A. Nelson [M&H; W&S]
black-head fleabane
Erigeron uniflorus Linnaeus var. melanocephalus A. Nelson
minor (Hooker) Rydberg = Erigeron lonchophyllus Hooker
modestus Gray [M&H; W&S]
plains fleabane
mogollonicus Greene = Erigeron formosissimus Greene
multifidus Rydberg = Erigeron compositus Pursh
nematophyllus Rydberg : Reported by W&S, but restricted to southern Wyoming and northern Utah
and Colorado (Nesom 2006); NM plants are referred to Erigeron sivinskii Nesom.
neomexicanus Gray [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico fleabane
Erigeron delphinifolius Willdenow subsp. neomexicanus (Gray) Cronquist

141
nivalis Nuttall [Hartman et al. 2006; Nesom 2006]
snowy fleabane
Erigeron acris Linnaeus var. debilis Gray
nudiflorus Buckley = Erigeron flagellaris Gray
oreophilus Greenman [Nesom 1989]
chaparral fleabane
Erigeron delphinifolius Willdenow subsp. neomexicanus (Gray) Cronquist var.
oreophilus (Greenman) Cronquist
pecosensis Standley = Erigeron formosissimus Greene
peregrinus (Banks ex Pursh) Greene s.s. : Not in NM; restricted to Pacific Northwest [Nesom 2004].
peregrinus (Banks ex Pursh) Greene subsp. callianthemus (Greene) Cronquist = Erigeron glacialis
(Nuttall) A. Nelson var. glacialis
philadelphicus Linnaeus var. philadelphicus [M&H; W&S]
Philadelphia fleabane
pinnatisectus (Gray) A. Nelson [M&H; W&S]
feather-leaf fleabane
Erigeron compositus Pursh var. pinnatisectus Gray
platyphyllus Greene = Erigeron vreelandii Greene
pulcherrimus Heller [M&H; W&S]
basin fleabane
Erigeron bistiensis Nesom & Hevron
Erigeron grayi Heller
Erigeron pulcherrimus Heller var. typicus Cronquist
Erigeron pulcherrimus Heller var. wyomingia (Rydberg) Cronquist
Erigeron wyomingia Rydberg
Wyomingia cinerea A. Nelson
Wyomingia pulcherrima (Heller) A. Nelson
pulcherrimus Heller var. typicus Cronquist = Erigeron pulcherrimus Heller
pulcherrimus Heller var. wyomingia (Rydberg) Cronquist = Erigeron pulcherrimus Heller
pumilus Nuttall subsp. concinnoides Cronquist = Erigeron concinnus (Hooker & Arnott) Torrey &
Gray
pumilus Nuttall var. pumilus [Nesom 1992]
pygmy fleabane
rhizomatus Cronquist [M&H]
Zuni fleabane
rudis Wooton & Standley = Erigeron vreelandii Greene
rusbyi Gray = Erigeron arizonicus A. Gray
+rybius Nesom [Nesom 1982]
Sacramento Mt. fleabane
salsuginosus (Richardson) Gray = Erigeron glacialis (Nuttall) A. Nelson var. glacialis
schiedeanus Lessing = Laennecia schiedeana (Lessing) Nesom
scopulinus Nesom and Roth [Nesom & Roth 1981]
Rocky Mountain fleabane
semirasus Wooton & Standley = Erigeron vreelandii Greene
senilis Wooton & Standley = Erigeron flagellaris Gray
setulosus Greene = Erigeron concinnus (Hooker & Arnott) Torrey & Gray
simplex Greene = Erigeron grandiflorus Hooker
sivinskii Nesom [Nesom 1991]
Sivinski’s fleabane
smithii Rydberg = Erigeron formosissimus Greene
sparsifolius Eastwood [M&H] Note: Not reported for NM by Nesom (2006); perhaps warrants verification.
canyon fleabane
Erigeron utahensis Gray var. sparsifolius (Eastwood) Cronquist
speciosus (Lindley) A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S]
aspen fleabane
Erigeron leiophyllus Greene
Erigeron macranthus Nuttall

142
 Erigeron speciosus (Lindley) A.P. de Candolle var. macranthus (Nuttall) Cronquist
Erigeron speciosus (Lindley) A.P. de Candolle var. typicus Cronquist
speciosus (Lindley) A.P. de Candolle var. typicus Cronquist = Erigeron speciosus (Lindley) A.P. de
Candolle
stenophyllus Gray = Erigeron utahensis A. Gray
strigosus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow [Allred 1999; Nesom 2006]
eastern fleabane
Erigeron annuus (Linnaeus) Persoon of NM reports
Erigeron annuus (Linnaeus) Persoon subsp. strigosus (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow)
Wagenitz
+subglaber Cronquist [M&H]
hairless fleabane
subtrinervis Rydberg ex Porter & Britton [M&H; W&S]
three-nerve fleabane
Erigeron bakeri Wooton & Standley
Erigeron subtrinervis Rydberg ex Porter & Britton subsp. typicus Cronquist
subtrinervis Rydberg ex Porter & Britton subsp. typicus Cronquist = Erigeron subtrinervis Rydberg
ex Porter & Britton
superbus Greene ex Rydberg = Erigeron eximius Greene
tonsus Wooton & Standley = Erigeron flagellaris Gray
tracyi Greene [M&H; W&S]
running fleabane
Erigeron colomexicanus A. Nelson
Erigeron divergens Torrey & Gray var. cinereus Gray
uniflorus auctores non Linnaeus = Erigeron grandiflorus Hooker
ursinus D.C. Eaton [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
Bear River fleabane
utahensis A. Gray [Heil 2007; Nesom 2006; W&S]
Utah fleabane
Erigeron stenophyllus Gray
uniflorus Linnaeus var. melanocephalus A. Nelson = Erigeron melanocephalus (A. Nelson) A.
Nelson
utahensis Gray var. sparsifolius (Eastwood) Cronquist = Erigeron sparsifolius Eastwood
versicolor (Greenman) Nesom [M&H; W&S]
bald fleabane
Achaetogeron versicolor Greenman
Erigeron gilensis Wooton & Standley
Achaetogeron chihuahuensis Larsen ex Blake
vetensis Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
blue-top fleabane
viscidus Rydberg = Erigeron formosissimus Greene viscidus (Rydberg) Cronquist
vreelandii Greene [M&H; W&S]
broad-leaf fleabane
Erigeron platyphyllus Greene
Erigeron rudis Wooton & Standley
Erigeron semirasus Wooton & Standley
wootonii Rydberg = Erigeron divergens Torrey & Gray
wyomingia Rydberg = Erigeron pulcherrimus Heller var. pulcherrimus
Eriocarpum wootonii Greene = Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var. spinulosum
Eriophyllum Easter-bonnets
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Eriophyllum lanosum]
lanosum (Gray) Gray [Allred 1999]
Easter-bonnets
Antheropeas lanosum (Gray) Rydberg
Burrielia lanosa Gray
oblongifolium (Gray) Kuntze = Platyschkuhria integrifolia (Gray) Rydberg var. oblongifolia (Gray)
Ellison
pedatum (Gray) Kuntze = Bahia pedata Gray

143
Erythemia grandiflora Nuttall = Lygodesmia grandiflora (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray
Eschenbachia coulteri (A. Gray) Rydberg = Laennecia coulteri (A. Gray) Nesom
tenuisecta (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Laennecia sophiifolia (Kunth) Nesom
Eucephalus formosus Greene = Herrickia glauca (Nuttall) Brouillet
glaucus Nuttall = Herrickia glauca (Nuttall) Brouillet
Eupatorium
King, R.M. & H. Robinson. 1987. The genera of the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). Monogr. Syst. Bot. 22.
Schilling, E.E., J.L. Panero, & P.B. Cox. 1999. Chloroplast DNA restriction site data support a narrowed
interpretation of Eupatorium (Asteraceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 219:209-223.
ageratifolium A.P. de Candolle var. herbaceum Gray = Ageratina herbacea (Gray) R.M. King &
H.E. Robinson
arizonicum Greene = Ageratina herbacea (Gray) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson
bruneri Gray = Eutrochium maculatum (Linnaeus) E.E. Lamont var. bruneri (Gray) E.E. Lamont
fendleri (Gray) Gray = Brickelliastrum fendleri (Gray) King & H.E. Robinson
grandiflorum Hooker = Brickellia grandiflora (Hooker) Nuttall
greggii Gray = Conoclinium dissectum Gray
herbaceum (Gray) Greene = Ageratina herbacea (Gray) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson
lemmonii B.L. Robinson = Ageratina lemmonii (B.L. Robinson) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson
maculatum Linnaeus var. bruneri (Gray) Breitung = Eutrochium maculatum (Linnaeus) E.E. Lamont
var. bruneri (Gray) E.E. Lamont
pycnocephalum sensu NM authors = Fleischmannia sonorae (Gray) King & Robinson
rothrockii Gray = Ageratina rothrockii (Gray) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson
solidaginifolium Gray = Koanophyllon solidaginifolium (Gray) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson
wrightii Gray = Ageratina wrightii (Gray) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson
Eurybia glauca (Nuttall) Nesom var. glauca = Herrickia glauca (Nuttall) Brouillet
horrida (Wooton & Standley) Nesom = Herrickia horrida Wooton & Standley
Euthamia goldentop
Fernald, M.L. 1950. Gray’s Manual of Botany. 8th ed. Repr. by Dioscorides Press, Portland Oregon.1632 pp.
[Euthamia graminifolia]
Sieren, D.J. 1981. The taxonomy of the genus Euthamia. Rhodora 83:551-579.
graminifolia (Linnaeus) Nuttall [Fernald 1950]
flat-top goldentop
Chrysocoma graminifolia Linnaeus
occidentalis Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
western goldentop
Solidago occidentalis (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray
Euphrosyne ambrosiifolia A. Gray = Hedosyne ambrosiifolia (A. Gray) Strother
Eutrochium Joe-Pye-weed
King, R.M. & H. Robinson. 1987. The genera of the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). Monogr. Syst. Bot. 22.
Lamont, E.E. 2006. Eutrochium, pp. 474-478. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21. Oxford University Press, New
York.
maculatum (Linnaeus) E.E. Lamont var. bruneri (Gray) E.E. Lamont [M&H; W&S]
spotted Joe-Pye-weed
Eupatorium bruneri Gray
Eupatorium maculatum Linnaeus var. bruneri (Gray) Breitung
Evax multicaulis A.P. de Candolle = Diaperia verna (Rafinesque) Morefield
prolifera Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle = Diaperia prolifera (Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall var.
prolifera
verna Rafinesque = Diaperia verna (Rafinesque) Morefield
Filaginopsis multicaulis Torrey & Gray = Diaperia verna (Rafinesque) Morefield
Filago californica Nuttall = Logfia filaginoides (Hooker & Arnott) Morefield
prolifera (Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle) Britton = Diaperia prolifera (Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle)
Nuttall var. prolifera
Flaveria yellowtops
Powell, A.M. 1978. Systematics of Flaveria (Flaveriinae—Asteraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65:590-636.
campestris J.R. Johnston [M&H; W&S]
alkali yellowtops
Guardiola diehlii sensu W&S (not Jones)
chlorifolia Gray [M&H; W&S]
clasping yellowtops

144
 repanda Lagasca = Flaveria trinervia (Sprengel) C. Mohr
trinervia (Sprengel) C. Mohr [M&H; W&S]
clustered yellowtops
Flaveria repanda Lagasca
Oedera trinervia Sprengel
Fleischmannia thoroughwort
sonorae (Gray) King & Robinson [M&H]
Sonoran thoroughwort
Eupatorium pycnocephalum of NM authors
Eupatorium sonorae Gray
Flourensia tarbush
Dillon, M.O. 1984. A systematic study of Flourensia (Asteraceae, Heliantheae). Fieldiana: Botany 16:1-66.
cernua A.P. de Candolle [M&H]
tarbush
pringlei (Gray) Blake [M&H]
Pringle’s tarbush
Helianthella pringlei Gray
Franseria
acanthicarpa (Hooker) Coville = Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hooker
confertiflora (A.P. de Candolle) Rydberg = Ambrosia confertiflora A.P. de Candolle
discolor Nuttall = Ambrosia tomentosa Nuttall
tenuifolia Gray = Ambrosia confertiflora A.P. de Candolle
tomentosa Gray = Ambrosia grayi (A. Nelson) Shinners
tomentosa (Nuttall) A. Nelson = Ambrosia tomentosa Nuttall
Gaertneria acanthicarpa (Hooker) Britton = Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hooker
grayi A. Nelson
tenuifolia (Gray) Kuntze = Ambrosia confertiflora A.P. de Candolle
tomentosa (Nuttall) Heller = Ambrosia tomentosa Nuttall
Gaillardia blanket-flower
Biddulph, S.F. 1944(1945). A revision of the genus Gaillardia. Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash. 12:195-256.
Strother, J.L. 2006. Gaillardia, pp. 421-426. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21. Oxford University Press, New York.
[Gaillardia multiceps]
Turner, B.L. & M. Whalen. 1975. Taxonomic study of Gaillardia pulchella (Asteraceae-Heliantheae). Wrightia
5:189-192.
aristata Pursh [Great Plains Flora Association 1977]
great blanket-flower
multiceps Greene [Strother 2006]
onion blanket-flower
neomexicana A. Nelson = Gaillardia pulchella Fougeroux
pinnatifida Torrey [M&H; W&S]
red-dome blanket-flower
pulchella Fougeroux [M&H; W&S]
firewheel
Gaillardia neomexicana A. Nelson
Galinsoga gallant soldier
aristulata Bicknell = Galinsoga ciliata (Rafinesque) Blake
ciliata (Rafinesque) Blake [=Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruis & Pavon] : Reported as expected by
M&H map; awaits verification.
Galinsoga parviflora Cavanilles var. hispida A.P. de Candolle
Galinsoga aristulata Bicknell
*parviflora Cavanilles [M&H; W&S]
gallant soldier
Galinsoga parviflora Cavanilles var. semicalva Gray
Galinsoga semicalva (Gray) St. John & White
parviflora Cavanilles var. hispida A.P. de Candolle = Galinsoga ciliata (Rafinesque) Blake
parviflora Cavanilles var. semicalva Gray = Galinsoga parviflora Cavanilles
semicalva (Gray) St. John & White = Galinsoga parviflora Cavanilles
Gamochaeta everlasting

145
 Allred, K.W. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 30:7. [as Gamochaeta rosacea]
Nesom, G.L. 2004. New distribution records for Gamochaeta (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) in the United States. Sida
21(2):1175-1185. [Gamochaeta stagnalis]
stagnalis (I.M. Johnston) Anderberg [Nesom 2004]
rosy everlasting
Gnaphalium stagnale I.M. Johnston
rosacea (I.M. Johnston) Anderberg : Erroneously reported by Allred (2004); the specimen corrected
to Gamochaeta stagnalis (I.M. Johnston) Anderberg by Nesom (2004).
Gazania treasure-flower
Mahoney, A.M. 2006. Gazania, p. 196-197. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 19. Oxford University Press, New York.
*linearis (Thunberg) Druce [Mahoney 2006]
treasure-flower
Gerbera lyrata Schultz-Bipontinus = Leibnitzia lyrata (Schultz-Bipontinus) G.L. Nesom
Gnaphalium cudweed
Cronquist, A. 1994. Gnaphalium, pp. 362-366. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
Nesom, G.L. 2001. New records in Pseudognaphalium (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) for the United States. Sida
19(4):1185-1190.
angustifolium A. Nelson = Gnaphalium exilifolium A. Nelson
canescens A.P. de Candolle = Pseudognaphalium canescens (A.P. de Candolle) W.A. Weber
chilense Sprengel = Pseudognaphalium stramineum (Kunth) W.A. Weber
decurrens Ives = Pseudognaphalium macounii (Greene) Kartesz
exilifolium A. Nelson [M&H]
slender cudweed
Gnaphalium angustifolium A. Nelson
Gnaphalium grayi A. Nelson & Macbride
Gnaphalium strictum Torrey
filaginoides Hooker & Arnott = Logfia filaginoides (Hooker & Arnott) Morefield
grayi A. Nelson & Macbride = Gnaphalium exilifolium A. Nelson
jaliscense Greenman = Pseudognaphalium jaliscense (Greenman) A. Anderberg
leucocephalum Gray = Pseudognaphalium leucocephalum (Gray) A. Anderberg
luteoalbum Linnaeus = Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (Linnaeus) Hilliard & Burtt
macounii Greene = Pseudognaphalium macounii (Greene) Kartsz
margaritaceum Linnaeus = Anaphalis margaritacea (Linnaeus) Bentham & Hooker
palustre Nuttall [M&H]
western marsh cudweed
pringlei Gray = Pseudognaphalium pringlei (Gray) A. Anderberg
stagnale I.M. Johnston = Gamochaeta stagnalis (I.M. Johnston) Anderberg
stramineum Kunth = Pseudognaphalium stramineum (Kunth) W.A. Weber
strictum Gray = Gnaphalium exilifolium A. Nelson
sulphurescens Rydberg = Pseudognaphalium stramineum (Kunth) W.A. Weber
viridulum I. M. Johnston = Pseudognaphalium canescens (A.P. de Candolle) W.A. Weber
wrightii Gray = Pseudognaphalium canescens (A.P. de Candolle) W.A. Weber
Grindelia gumweed
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Grindelia laciniata]
Harms, R.T. 2001. Radiate and eradiate individuals in Grindelia nuda (Asteraceae). Sida 19(3):715-717.
Nesom, G.L. 1990. Studies in the systematics of Mexican and Texas Grindelia (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytologia
68(4):303-332.
Nesom, G.L., Y. Suh, and B.B. Simpson. 1993. Prionopsis (Asteraceae: Astereae) united with Grindelia. Phytologia
75:341-346.
Steyermark, J.A. 1934. Studies in Grindelia. II. A monograph of the North American species of the genus Grindelia.
Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 21:433-608.
Strother, J.L. & M.A. Wetter. 2006. Grindelia, p. 424-436. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 20. Oxford University
Press.
Wetter, M.A. 1986. Grindelia, pp. 943-945. IN: Great Plains Flora Association. Flora of the Great Plains. University
Press of Kansas.
acutifolia Steyermark = Grindelia hirsutula Hooker & Arnott
aphanactis Rydberg = Grindelia squarrosa Dunal
arizonica Gray var. arizonica [M&H; W&S]
Arizona gumweed
Grindelia arizonica Gray var. dentata Steyermark
Grindelia arizonica Gray var. stenophylla Steyermark

146
 Grindelia laciniata Rydberg
Grindelia setulifera Wooton & Standley
arizonica Gray var. dentata Steyermark = Grindelia arizonica Gray var. arizonica
+arizonica Gray var. neomexicana (Wooton & Standley) Nesom [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico gumweed
Grindelia neomexicana Wooton & Standley
Grindelia scabra Greene var. neomexicana (Wooton & Standley) Steyermark
arizonica Gray var. stenophylla Steyermark = Grindelia arizonica Gray var. arizonica
ciliata (Nuttall) Sprengel [M&H]
Spanish gold
Grindelia papposa Nesom & Suh
Haplopappus ciliatus (Nuttall) A.P. de Candolle
Prionopsis ciliata Nuttall
decumbens Greene var. subincisa (Greene) Steyermark [M&H; W&S]
reclined gumweed
Grindelia subincisa Greene
havardii Steyermark [M&H]
Havard’s gumweed
hirsutula Hooker & Arnott [M&H; Wetter 1986]
hairy gumweed
Grindelia acutifolia Steyermark
Grindelia revoluta Steyermark
laciniata Rydberg = Grindelia arizonica A. Gray
neomexicana Wooton & Standley = Grindelia arizonica Gray var. neomexicana (Wooton &
Standley) Nesom
nuda Wood = Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal
nuda Wood var. aphanactis (Rydberg) Nesom = Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal
papposa Nesom & Suh = Grindelia ciliata (Nuttall) Sprengel
pinnatifida Wooton & Standley = Grindelia squarrosa Dunal
scabra Greene var. neomexicana (Wooton & Standley) Steyermark = Grindelia arizonica Gray var.
neomexicana (Wooton & Standley) Nesom
revoluta Steyermark = Grindelia hirsutula Hooker & Arnott
scabra Greene [M&H; W&S]
rough gumweed
serrulata Rydberg = Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal
setulifera Wooton & Standley = Grindelia arizonica Gray var. arizonica
squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal var. nuda (Wood) Gray = Grindelia squarrosa Dunal
squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal var. serrulata (Rydberg) Steyermark = Grindelia squarrosa Dunal
squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal [M&H; W&S]
curly-cup gumweed
Donia squarrosa Pursh
Grindelia aphanactis Rydberg
Grindelia nuda Wood
Grindelia pinnatifida Wooton & Standley
Grindelia serrulata Rydberg
Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal var. nuda (Wood) Gray
Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal var. serrulata (Rydberg) Steyermark
subalpina Greene : Reported by W&S, but questioned by M&H and other workers; needs additional
verification.
subincisa Greene = Grindelia decumbens Greene var. subincisa (Greene) Steyermark
texana Scheele : Reported by W&S, but questioned by M&H and other workers; needs additional
verification.
Guardiola diehlii sensu W&S (not Jones) = Flaveria campestris J.R. Johnston
Gutierrezia snakeweed
Lane, M. 1982. Generic limits of Xanthocephalum, Gutierrezia, Amphiachyris, Gymnosperma, Greenella, and
Thurovia (Compositae: Astereae). Syst. Bot. 7(4):405-416.
Lane, M. 1985. Taxonomy of Gutierrezia (Compositae: Astereae) in North America. Syst. Bot. 10:7-28.
Nesom, G.L. 2006. Gutierrezia, p. 88-94. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 20. Oxford University Press, New York.
corymbosa A. Nelson = Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby

147
 diversifolia Greene = Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby
dracunculoides (A.P. de Candolle) Blake = Amphiachyris dracunculoides (A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall
filifolia Greene = Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby
furfuracea Greene = Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby
globosa Nelson = Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby
glomerella Greene = Gutierrezia microcephala (A.P. de Candolle) Gray
goldmanii Greene = Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby
juncea Greene = Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby
linearis Rydberg = Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby
longifolia Greene = Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby
lucida Greene = Gutierrezia microcephala (A.P. de Candolle) Gray
microcephala (A.P. de Candolle) Gray [Lane 1985; M&H; W&S]
thread-leaf snakeweed
Brachyris microcephala A.P. de Candolle
Gutierrezia glomerella Greene
Gutierrezia lucida Greene
Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton var. microcephala (A.P. de Candolle) L. Benson
Xanthocephalum microcephalum (A.P. de Candolle) Shinners
sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby [Lane 1985; M&H; W&S]
broom snakeweed
Gutierrezia corymbosa Nelson
Gutierrezia diversifolia Greene
Gutierrezia filifolia Greene
Gutierrezia furfuracea Greene
Gutierrezia globosa Nelson
Gutierrezia goldmanii Greene
Gutierrezia juncea Greene
Gutierrezia linearis Rydberg
Gutierrezia longifolia Greene
Gutierrezia tenuis Greene
Solidago sarothrae Pursh
Xanthocephalum sarothrae (Pursh) Shinners
sarothrae (Pursh) Britton var. microcephala (A.P. de Candolle) L. Benson = Gutierrezia
microcephala (A.P. de Candolle) Gray
sphaerocephala Gray [Lane 1985; M&H; W&S]
round-head snakeweed
tenuis Greene = Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby
texana (A.P. de Candolle) Torrey & Gray var. glutinosa (Schauer) M.A. Lane [Nesom
2006]
Texas snakeweed
Gutierrezia glutinosa (Schauer) Schultz-Bipontinus
Hemiachyris glutinosa Schauer
wrightii A. Gray [Lane 1985; M&H; W&S]
Wright’s snakeweed
Xanthocephalum wrightii (A. Gray) A. Gray
Gymnolomia annua B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman = Heliomeris longifolia (B.L. Robinson &
Greenman) Cockerell var. annua (M.E. Jones) W.F. Yates
brevifolia Greene ex Wooton & Standley = Heliomeris multiflora Nuttall var. brevifolia (Greene ex
Wooton & Standley) W.F. Yates
ciliata (B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman) Rydberg = Heliomeris hispida (A. Gray) Cockerell
hispida B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman var. ciliata B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman = Heliomeris
hispida (A. Gray) Cockerell
longifolia B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman = Heliomeris longifolia (B.L. Robinson & Greenman)
Cockerell var. longifolia
multiflora (Nuttall) Bentham & Hooker = Heliomeris multiflora Nuttall
multiflora (Nuttall) Bentham & Hooker var. annua M.E. Jones = Heliomeris longifolia (B.L.
Robinson & Greenman) Cockerell var. annua (M.E. Jones) W.F. Yates
tenuifolia (Gray) Bentham & Hooker = Viguiera stenoloba Blake
Gymnosperma gumhead

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 Lane, M. 1982. Generic limits of Xanthocephalum, Gutierrezia, Amphiachyris, Gymnosperma, Greenella, and
Thurovia (Compositae: Astereae). Syst. Bot. 7(4):405-416.
corymbosum A.P. de Candolle = Gymnosperma glutinosum (Sprengel) Lessing
glutinosum (Sprengel) Lessing [M&H; W&S]
gumhead
Gymnosperma corymbosum A.P. de Candolle
Selloa glutinosa Sprengel
Haploesthes false broomweed
Turner, B.L. 1975. Taxonomy of Haploesthes (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). Wrightia 5:108-115.
greggii Gray var. texana (Coulter) I.M. Johnson [M&H; Turner 1975]
false broomweed
Haplopappus texanus Coulter
Haplopappus armerioides (Nuttall) Gray = Stenotus armerioides Nuttall
canescens (A.P. de Candolle) Torrey & Gray = Heterotheca canescens (A.P. de Candolle) Shinners
ciliatus (Nuttall) A.P. de Candolle = Grindelia ciliata (Nuttall) Sprengel
croceus Gray = Pyrrocoma crocea (Gray) Greene
cuneatus Gray var. spathulatus (Gray) Blake = Ericameria cuneata (Gray) McClatchie var.
spathulata (Gray) H.M. Hall
drummondii sensu M&H = Isocoma rusbyi Greene
gracilis (Nuttall) Gray = Xanthisma gracile (Nuttall) Morgan & Hartman
gymnocephalus auctores = Xanthisma blephariphyllum (Gray) Morgan & Hartman
havardii Waterfall = Xanthisma viscidum (Wooton & Standley) Morgan & Hartman
heterophyllus (Gray) Blake = Isocoma pluriflora (Torrey & Gray) Greene
laricifolius Gray = Ericameria laricifolia (Gray) Shinners
linearifolius A.P. de Candolle = Ericameria linearifolia (A.P. de Candolle) Urbatsch & Wussow
microcephalus Cronquist = Lorandersonia microcephala (Cronquist) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig
nuttallii Torrey & Gray = Xanthisma grindelioides (Nuttall) Morgan & Hartman
parryi Gray = Oreochrysum parryi (Gray) Rydberg
phyllocephalus A.P. de Candolle subsp. annuus (Rydberg) Hall = Rayjacksonia annua (Rydberg)
Hartman & Lane
pluriflorus (Gray) Hall = Isocoma pluriflora (Torrey & Gray) Greene
pygmaeus (Torrey & Gray) Gray = Tonestus pygmaeus (Torrey & Gray) A. Nelson
spinulosus (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle subsp. australis (Greene) Hall = Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh)
Morgan & Hartman var. spinulosum
spinulosus (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle subsp. glaberrimus (Rydberg) Hall = Xanthisma glaberrimum
(Rydberg) Nesom & O’Kennon
spinulosus (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle subsp. laevis (Wooton & Standley) Hall = Xanthisma
spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var. spinulosum
spinulosus (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle subsp. scabrellus (Greene) Hall = Xanthisma spinulosum
(Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var. spinulosum
spinulosus (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle = Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var.
spinulosum
tenuisectus (Greene) Blake = Isocoma tenuisecta Greene
texanus Coulter = Haploesthes greggii Gray var. texana (Coulter) I.M. Johnson
Hedosyne marsh-elder
Strother, J.L. 2000. Hedosyne (Compositae, Ambrosiinae), a new genus for Iva ambrosiifolia. Madroño 47(3):204-
205.
ambrosiifolia (A. Gray) Strother [M&H; W&S]
ragged marsh-elder
Euphrosyne ambrosiifolia A. Gray
Cyclachaena ambrosiifolia (A. Gray) Rydberg
Iva ambrosiifolia (A. Gray) A. Gray
Hedypnois cretanweed
*cretica (Linnaeus) Dumont de Courset [McIntosh 1999]
cretanweed
Hyoseris cretica Linnaeus
Heleniastrum hoopesii (Gray) Kuntze = Hymenoxys hoopesii (A. Gray) Bierner
Helenium sneezeweed
Bierner, M. 1972. Taxonomy of Helenium sect. Tetrodus and a conspectus of North American Helenium
(Compositae). Brittonia 24:331-355.

149
 Bierner, M.W. 1994. Submersion of Dugaldia and Plummera in Hymenoxys (Asteraceae: Heliantheae: Gaillardiinae).
Sida 16(1):1-8.
Strahan, R. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 40:16. [Helenium amarum badium]
amarum (Rafinesque) H. Rock var. badium (Gray ex S. Watson) Waterfall [Strahan 2007]
yellowdicks
Helenium tenuifolium Nuttall var. badium Gray ex S. Watson
autumnale Linnaeus var. montanum (Nuttall) Fernald [M&H; W&S]
fall sneezeweed
Helenium montanum Nuttall
hoopesii A. Gray = Hymenoxys hoopesii (A. Gray) Bierner
microcephalum A.P. de Candolle var. microcephalum [M&H]
small-head sneezeweed
montanum Nuttall = Helenium autumnale Linnaeus var. montanum (Nuttall) Fernald
tenuifolium Nuttall var. badium Gray ex S. Watson = Helenium amarum (Rafinesque) H. Rock var.
badium (Gray ex S. Watson) Waterfall
Helianthella dwarf sunflower
Hitchcock, C.L. & A. Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. Univ. Washington Press, Seattle. 730 pp.
[Helianthella uniflora]
Tidestrom, I. & T. Kittell. 1941. A Flora of Arizona and New Mexico. The Catholic University of America Press,
Washington, D.C. 897 pp. [Helianthella uniflora]
Weber, W.A. 1952. The genus Helianthella (Compositae). Amer. Midl. Naturalist 48:1-35.
majuscula Greene = Helianthella quinquenervis (Hooker) Gray
microcephala (Gray) Gray [M&H; W&S]
little-head dwarf sunflower
Encelia microcephala Gray
parryi Gray [M&H; W&S; Weber 1952]
Parry’s dwarf sunflower
pringlei Gray = Flourensia pringlei (Gray) Blake
quinquenervis (Hooker) Gray [M&H; W&S; Weber 1952]
nodding dwarf sunflower
Helianthella majuscula Greene
Helianthus quinquenervis Hooker
uniflora (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray [Hitchcock & Cronquist 1973; Tidestrom & Kittell 1941]
Rocky Mountain dwarf sunflower
Helianthus sunflower
Chandler, J.M., C.-C. Jan, & B.H. Beard. 1986. Chromosomal differentialtion among the annual Helianthus species.
Syst. Bot. 11(2):354-371.
Gleason, H.A. 1963. The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent
Canada. Hafner Publ. Co., New York. [Helianthus ×laetiflorus]
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Helianthus maximiliani]
Heiser, C.B. Jr., D.M. Smith, S.B. Clevenger, and W.C. Martin. 1969. The North American sunflowers (Helianthus).
Mem. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. 22 (3):1-218.
Jackson, R.C. 1959. Two new sunflower species from southern New Mexico. Madroño 15:54-57.
Jackson, R.C. 1963. Cytotaxonomy of Helianthus ciliaris and related species of the southwestern U.S. and Mexico.
Brittonia 15:260-271.
New Mexico Rare Plant Technical Council. 1999. New Mexico Rare Plants. Albuquerque, NM: New Mexico Rare
Plants Home Page. http://nmrareplants.unm.edu (Version 16Mar00) [Helianthus praetermissus]
Seiler, G.J., L. Cuk, and C.E. Rogers. 1981. New and interesting distribution records for Helianthus paradoxus Heiser
(Asteraceae). Southw. Naturalist 26:431-432.
Sivinski, R. 1993. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 40:273-274. [Helianthus paradoxus]
Watson, E.E. 1929. Contributions to a monograph of the genus Helianthus. Papers of the Michigan Academy of
Science, Arts, and Letters 9:305-475. [Helianthus attenuatus, Helianthus praetermissus]
annuus Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
annual sunflower, common sunflower
Helianthus aridus Rydberg
anomalus Blake : Erroneously reported by Chandler et al. (1986) from “New Mexico, Hopi Indian
Reservation”; known only from Utah, Arizona, and Nevada.
aridus Rydberg = Helianthus annuus Linnaeus
arizonensis Jackson [Jackson 1963; M&H]
Arizona sunflower

150
attenuatus E.E. Watson : The identity of this name is uncertain. It was named from a specimen
grown in Tennessee from seed gathered in NM by A. Fendler in 1852. There is a
single specimen at MO [Watson 1929].
canus (Britton) Wooton & Standley = Helianthus petiolaris Nuttall var. canescens Gray
ciliaris A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S]
Texas blueweed
crenatus Jackson = Helianthus laciniatus Gray
dentatus Cavanilles = Viguiera dentata (Cavanilles) Sprengel
fascicularis Greene = Helianthus nuttallii Torrey & Gray
grosseserratus Martens : Reported by W&S, but this species is not known from NM; the plants in
question are referrable to Helianthus nuttallii Torrey & Gray [Heiser et al. 1969].
heiseri Jackson = Helianthus laciniatus Gray
laciniatus Gray [Jackson 1959; M&H]
alkali sunflower
Helianthus crenatus Jackson
Helianthus heiseri Jackson
Helianthus laciniatus Gray subsp. crenatus (Jackson) Jackson
Helianthus laciniatus Gray subsp. heiseri (Jackson) Jackson
laciniatus Gray subsp. crenatus (Jackson) Jackson = Helianthus laciniatus Gray subsp. crenatus
(Jackson) Jackson
laciniatus Gray subsp. heiseri (Jackson) Jackson = Helianthus laciniatus Gray subsp. heiseri
(Jackson) Jackson
×laetiflorus Persoon (in part) : this presumably hybrid derivative (perhaps mainly a cultigen) was
reported for NM as an escape from gardens by Gleason (1963); awaits verification
of established occurrence.
laetiflorus Persoon var. subrhomboideus (Rydberg) Fernald = Helianthus pauciflorus Nuttall subsp.
subrhomboideus (Rydberg) O. Spring & E.E. Schilling
laevis Linnaeus = Bidens laevis (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg
maximiliani Schrader [Heil et al. 2002]
Michaelmas daisy, Maximilian sunflower
neglectus Heiser [M&H]
neglected sunflower
neomexicanus Wooton & Standley = Helianthus tuberosus Linnaeus
niveus (Bentham) Brandegee subsp. canescens (Gray) Heiser = Helianthus petiolaris Nuttall var.
canescens Gray
nuttallii Torrey & Gray [M&H; W&S]
Nuttall’s sunflower
Helianthus fascicularis Greene
paradoxus Heiser [Seiler et al. 1981; Sivinski 1993]
Trans-Pecos sunflower
pauciflorus Nuttall var. subrhomboideus (Rydberg) Fernald [M&H; W&S]
stiff sunflower
Helianthus laetiflorus Persoon
Helianthus pauciflorus Nuttall subsp. subrhomboideus (Rydberg) O. Spring & E.E.
Schilling
Helianthus rigidus (Cassini) Desfontaines subsp. subrhomboideus (Rydberg) Heiser
Helianthus scaberrimus Bentham var. subrhomboideus (Rydberg) Farwell
Helianthus subrhomboideus Rydberg
pauciflorus Nuttall subsp. subrhomboideus (Rydberg) O. Spring & E.E. Schilling = Helianthus
pauciflorus Nuttall var. subrhomboideus (Rydberg) Fernald
petiolaris Nuttall var. canescens Gray [M&H; W&S]
plains sunflower
Helianthus canus (Britton) Wooton & Standley
Helianthus niveus (Bentham) Brandegee subsp. canescens (Gray) Heiser
petiolaris Nuttall var. fallax (Heiser) B.L. Turner [M&H]
plains sunflower
Helianthus petiolaris Nuttall subsp. fallax Heiser
petiolaris Nuttall subsp. fallax Heiser = Helianthus petiolaris Nuttall var. fallax (Heiser) B.L Turner

151
 petiolaris Nuttall var. petiolaris [M&H; W&S]
plains sunflower
praetermissus E.E. Watson : Reported by Tidestrom & Kittell (1941) and Watson (1929), but the
occurrence in NM and the validity of this taxon is seriously questioned [New
Mexico Rare Plant Technical Council 1999; Sivinski & Lightfoot 1995].
quinquenervis Hooker = Helinthella quinquenervis (Hooker) Gray
rigidus (Cassini) Desfontaines subsp. subrhomboideus (Rydberg) Heiser = Helianthus pauciflorus
Nuttall subsp. subrhomboideus (Rydberg) O. Spring & E.E. Schilling
scaberrimus Bentham var. subrhomboideus (Rydberg) Farwell = Helianthus pauciflorus Nuttall
subsp. subrhomboideus (Rydberg) O. Spring & E.E. Schilling
subrhomboideus Rydberg = Helianthus pauciflorus Nuttall subsp. subrhomboideus (Rydberg) O.
Spring & E.E. Schilling
tuberosus Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
Jerusalem artichock
Helianthus neomexicanus Wooton & Standley
Heliomeris goldeneye
Schilling, E.E. 2006. Heliomeris, pp. 169-172. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21(3). Oxford University Press.
Yates, W.F. & C.B. Heiser. 1979. Synopsis of Heliomeris. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 88:364-372.
hispida (Gray) Cockerell [M&H; W&S]
rough goldeneye
Viguiera ciliata (B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman) Blake
Gymnolomia ciliata (B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman) Rydberg
Gymnolomia hispida B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman var. ciliata B.L. Robinson & J.L.
Greenman
Heliomeris multiflora Nuttall var. hispida Gray
longifolia (B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman) Cockerell var. annua (M.E. Jones) W.F.
Yates [M&H; W&S]
annual goldeneye
Gymnolomia annua (M.E. Jones) B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman
Gymnolomia multiflora (Nuttall) Bentham & Hooker var. annua M.E. Jones
Viguiera longifolia (B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman) Blake var. annua (M.E. Jones)
Welsh
longifolia (B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman) Cockerell var. longifolia [M&H; W&S]
long-leaf goldeneye
Viguiera longifolia (B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman) Blake
Gymnolomia longifolia B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman
multiflora Nuttall var. brevifolia (Greene ex Wooton & Standley) W.F. Yates [Schilling
2006; W&S]
showy goldeneye
Gymnolomia brevifolia Greene ex Wooton & Standley, not Viguiera brevifolia Greenman
Viguiera multiflora (Nuttall) Blake var. ovalis Blake
Viguiera ovalis Blake
multiflora Nuttall var. hispida Gray = Heliomeris hispida (Gray) Cockerell
multiflora Nuttall var. multiflora [M&H; W&S]
showy goldeneye
Gymnolomia multiflora (Nuttall) Bentham & Hooker
Viguiera multiflora (Nuttall) S.F. Blake
multiflora Nuttall var. nevadensis (A. Nelson) W.F. Yates [Schilling 2006]
showy goldeneye
Gymnolomia nevadensis A. Nelson
tenuifolia Gray = Viguiera stenoloba Blake
Heliopsis oxeye
Fisher, T.R. 1957. Taxonomy of genus Heliopsis (Compositae). Ohio J. Sci. 57:171-191.
Smith, A. 2006. Heliopsis, pp. 67-70. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21. Oxford University Press.
helianthoides (Linnaeus) Sweet subsp. occidentalis Fisher = Heliopsis helianthoides (Linnaeus)
Sweet var. scabra (Dunal) Fernald
helianthoides (Linnaeus) Sweet var. scabra (Dunal) Fernald [Fisher 1957]
smooth oxeye

152
 Heliopsis helianthoides (Linnaeus) Sweet subsp. occidentalis Fisher
Heliopsis scabra Dunal
parvifolia Gray [Fisher 1957; M&H]
mountain oxeye
scabra Dunal = Heliopsis helianthoides (Linnaeus) Sweet var. scabra (Dunal) Fernald
Hemiachyris glutinosa Schauer = Gutierrezia texana (A.P. de Candolle) Torrey & Gray var. glutinosa
(Schauer) M.A. Lane
Hemiptilium bigelovii Gray = Stephanomeria exigua Nuttall subsp. exigua
Herrickia wood-aster
Brouillet, L., L. Urbatsch, & R.P. Roberts. 2004. Tonestus kingii and T. aberrans are related to Eurybia and the
Machaerantherinae (Asteraceae: Astereae) based on nrDNA (ITS and ETS) data: Reinstatement of Herrickia
and a new genus, Triniteurybia. Sida 21(2):889-900.
Nesom, G.L. 1994 [1995]. Review of the taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), emphasizing the New
World species. Phytologia 77(3):141-297.
glauca (Nuttall) Brouillet [M&H; W&S]
gray wood-aster
Aster glaucodes Blake var. formosus (Greene) Kittell
Aster glaucodes Blake var. glaucodes
Aster glaucus (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray
Aster glaucus (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray var. formosus (Greene) A. Nelson
Eucephalus formosus Greene
Eucephalus glaucus Nuttall
Eurybia glauca (Nuttall) Nesom
horrida Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
Wooton’s wood-aster
Aster horridus (Wooton & Standley) Blake
Eurybia horrida (Wooton & Standley) Nesom
Heteropleura fendleri (Schultz-Bipontinus) Rydberg = Hieracium fendleri Schultz-Bipontinus
Heterosperma wing-petal
pinnatum Cavanilles [M&H; W&S]
wing-petal
Heterosperma tagetinum Gray
tagetinum Gray = Heterosperma pinnatum Cavanilles
dicranocarpa Gray = Dicranocarpus parviflorus (Gray) Gray
Heterotheca golden-aster
Nesom, G.L. 1990. Taxonomy of Heterotheca sect. Heterotheca (Asteraceae: Astereae) in Mexico, with comments on
the taxa of the United States. Phytologia 69(4):282-294.
Nesom, G.L. 2006. Taxonomic overview of the Heterotheca villosa complex (Asteraceae: Astereae). Sida 22(1):367-
380.
Nesom, G.L. 2007. Taxonomic overview of the Heterotheca fulcrata complex (Asteraceae: Astereae). J. Bot. Res.
Inst. Texas 1(1):21-30.
Semple, J.C. 1987. New names, combinations, and lectotypifications in Heterotheca (Compositae: Astereae). Brittonia
39(3):379-386.
Semple, J.C. 1990. Neotypification of Amellus villosus, the identity of a Bradbury collection, and typification of some
other goldenasters (Compositae: Astereae). Brittonia 42(3):221-228.
Semple, J.C. 1994. New combinations in the Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners complex (Compositae: Astereae).
Novon 4:53-54.
Semple, J. 1996. A revision of Heterotheca sect. Phyllotheca (Nuttall) Harms (Compositae: Astereae). Univ. Waterloo
Biol. Ser. 37:1-164.
Semple, J.C. Heterotheca, p. 230-256. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 20. Oxford University Press, New York.
Semple, J.C., V.C. Blok, and P. Heiman. 1980. Morphological, anatomical, habit, and habitat differences among the
goldenaster genera Chrysopsis, Heterotheca and Pityopsis (Compositae–Astereae). Can. J. Bot. 58:147-163.
canescens (A.P. de Candolle) Shinners [M&H; Semple 1996; W&S]
gray camphorweed, hoary golden-aster
Chrysopsis berlandiera Greene
Chrysopsis canescens (A.P. de Candolle) Torrey & Gray
Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nuttall var. canescens (A.P. de Candolle) Gray
Haplopappus canescens A.P. de Candolle
fulcrata (E.L. Greene) Shinners var. amplifolia (Rydberg) Semple [Semple 1996; W&S]
green camphorweed
Chrysopsis amplifolia Rydberg

153
 Chysopsis nitidula Wooton & Standley
fulcrata (Greene) Shinners var. arizonica Semple [Semple 1996]
Arizona camphorweed
fulcrata (Greene) Shinners var. fulcrata [M&H; Semple 1996 W&S]
green camphorweed
Chrysopsis cryptocephala Wooton & Standley
Chrysopsis fulcrata Greene
Chrysopsis resinolens A. Nelson
fulcrata (E.L. Greene) Shinners var. senilis (Wooton & Standley) Semple [M&H; Semple
1996 W&S]
green camphorweed
Chrysopsis senilis Wooton & Standley
horrida (Rydberg) Harms = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. nana (A. Gray) Semple
latifolia Buckley = Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lamarck) Britton & Rusby var. latifolia (Buckley)
Gandhi & R.D. Thomas
latifolia Buckley var. macgregoris Wagenknecht = Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lamarck) Britton &
Rusby
polothrix Nesom = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. scabra (A. Eastwood) Semple
psammophila Wagenknecht = Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lamarck) Britton & Rusby
sierrablancensis (Semple) Nesom = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. sierrablancensis
Semple
stenophylla (A. Gray) Shinners var. angustifolia (Rydberg) Semple = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh)
Shinners var. angustifolia (Rydberg) Harms
stenophylla (A. Gray) Shinners [Semple 1996]
stiff-leaf golden-aster
Chrysopsis hispida (Hooker) A.P. de Candolle var. stenophylla A. Gray
subaxillaris (Lamarck) Britton & Rusby var. latifolia (Buckley) Gandhi & R.D. Thomas
[Semple 2006; M&H; W&S]
camphorweed
Heterotheca latifolia Buckley
Heterotheca latifolia Buckley var. macgregoris Wagenknecht
Heterotheca psammophila Wagenknecht
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lamarck) Britton & Rusby subsp. latifolia (Buckley) Semple
subaxillaris (Lamarck) Britton & Rusby subsp. latifolia (Buckley) Semple = Heterotheca
subaxillaris (Lamarck) Britton & Rusby
villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. foliosa (Nuttall) Harms = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var.
villosa
villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. horrida (Hooker) Semple = Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var.
nana (A. Gray) Semple
villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. angustifolia (Rydberg) Harms [Nesom 2007; Semple 1996]
stiff-leaf golden-aster
Chrysopsis angustifolia Rydberg
Heterotheca stenophylla (A. Gray) Shinners var. angustifolia (Rydberg) Semple
villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. minor (Hooker) Semple [M&H; Semple 1996; W&S]
hairy golden-aster
Chrysopsis hirsutissima Greene
Chrysopsis hispida (Hooker) A.P. de Candolle
Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle var. minor Hooker
villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. nana (A. Gray) Semple [M&H; Semple 1996]
hairy golden-aster
Chysopsis horrida Rydberg
Chysopsis villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. horrida (Hooker) Semple
Chrysopsis canescens (A.P. de Candolle) Torrey & Gray var. nana A.Gray
Heterotheca horrida (Rydberg) Harms
villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. pedunculata (Greene) Harms ex Semple [Nesom 2007; Semple
1996]
Zion golden-aster
Chrysopsis pedunculata Greene

154
 Heterotheca zionensis Semple
villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. scabra (A. Eastwood) Semple [Nesom 2007; Semple 1996]
hairy golden-aster
Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle var. scabra Eastwood
Heterotheca polothrix Nesom
+villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. sierrablancensis Semple [Semple 1996]
Sierra Blanca golden-aster
Heterotheca sierrablancensis (Semple) Nesom
villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. villosa [Nesom 2007; Semple 1996]
hairy golden-aster
Amellus villosus Pursh
Chrysopsis foliosa Nuttall
viscida (Gray) Harms [M&H; Semple 1996]
cliff golden-aster
Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nuttall ex A.P. de Candolle var. viscida A.Gray
Chrysopsis viscida (Gray) Greene
Hieracium hawkweed
Beaman, J.H. 1990. Revision of Hieracium (Asteraceae) in Mexico and Central America. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 29:1-77.
Cronquist, A. 1994. Hieracium, pp. 455-458. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
Reif, B., J. Larson, B.R. Jacobs, B.E. Nelson, & R.L. Hartman. 2009. Floristic studies in north central New Mexico,
U.S.A., the Tusa Mountains and the Jemez Mountains. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3(2):921-961. [Hieracium
×floribundum]
Sivinski, R. 2009. Mogollon hawkweed (Hieracium brevipilum). Status Report, Section 6, Segment 23. U.S. Fish &
Wildlife Service, Region 2.
Strother, J.L. 2006. Hieracium, p. 278-294. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 19. Oxford University Press, New York.
abscissum Lessing [M&H; W&S]
Rusby’s hawkweed
Hieracium rusbyi Greene
brevipilum Greene [M&H; Sivinski 2009; W&S]
Mogollon hawkweed
Hieracium fendleri Schultz-Bipontinus var. mogollonense Gray
carneum Greene [M&H; W&S]
Huachuca hawkweed
crepidospermum Fries [Beaman 1990; M&H; W&S]
Lemmon’s hawkweed
Hieracium lemmonii Gray
fendleri Schultz-Bipontinus [M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s hawkweed
Heteropleura fendleri (Schultz-Bipontinus) Rydberg
*×floribundum Wimmer & Grabowski [Reif et al. 2009]
kingdevil hawkweed
fendleri Schultz-Bipontinus var. mogollonense Gray = Hieracium brevipilum Greene
gracile Hooker = Hieracium triste Willdenow ex Sprengel
lemmonii Gray = Hieracium crepidispermum Fries
pringlei Gray [M&H; W&S]
Pringle’s hawkweed
rusbyi Greene = Hieracium abscissum Lessing
triste Willdenow ex Sprengel [M&H]
alpine hawkweed
Hieracium gracile Hooker
Hieracium triste Willdenow ex Sprengel var. gracile (Hooker) Gray
triste Willdenow ex Sprengel var. gracile (Hooker) Gray = Hieracium triste Willdenow ex Sprengel
Hymenatherum aureum Gray = Thymophylla aurea (Gray) Greene ex Britton var. aurea
belenidium A.P. de Candolle = Thymophylla pentachaeta (A.P. de Candolle) Small var. belenidium
(A.P. de Candolle) Strother
neomexicanum Gray = Adenophyllum wrightii Gray
hartwegii Gray = Thymophylla pentachaeta (A.P. de Candolle) Small var. hartwegii (Gray) Strother
pentachaetum Gray = Thymophylla pentachaeta (A.P. de Candolle) Small var. pentachaeta

155
 polychaetum Gray = Thymophylla aurea (Gray) Greene ex Britton var. polychaeta (Gray) Strother
thurberi Gray = Thymophylla pentachaeta (A.P. de Candolle) Small var. belenidium (A.P. de
Candolle) Strother
Hymenoclea monogyra Torrey & Gray ex Gray = Ambrosia monogyra (Torrey & Gray ex Gray) Strother
& Baldwin
Hymenopappus woolywhite
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp.
[Hymenopappus filifolius polycephalus]
Turner, B.L. 1956. A cytotaxonomic study of the genus Hymenopappus (Compositae). Rhodora 58:163-186, 208-242,
250-269, 295-308.
arenosus Heller = Hymenopappus filifolius Hooker var. cinereus (Rydberg) I.M. Johnston
biennis B.L. Turner [M&H; Turner 1956]
biennial woolywhite
cinereus Rydberg = Hymenopappus filifolius Hooker var. cinereus (Rydberg) I.M. Johnston
douglasii Hooker = Chaenactis douglasii (Hooker) Hooker & Arnott
filifolius Hooker var. cinereus (Rydberg) I.M. Johnston [M&H; Turner 1956; W&S]
fine-leaf woolywhite
Hymenopappus arenosus Heller
Hymenopappus cinereus Rydberg
filifolius Hooker var. lugens (Greene) Jepson [M&H; Turner 1956; W&S]
fine-leaf woolywhite
Hymenopappus lugens Greene
Hymenopappus nudatus Wooton & Standley
filifolius Hooker var. pauciflorus (I.M. Johnston) B.L. Turner [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
fine-leaf woolywhite
Hymenopappus pauciflorus I.M. Johnston
filifolius Hooker var. polycephalus (Osterhout) B.L. Turner [Great Plains Flora Association
1977]
fine-leaf woolywhite
Hymenopappus polycephalus Osterhout
fisheri Wooton & Standley = Hymenopappus flavescens Gray var. flavescens
flavescens Gray var. canotomentosus Gray [M&H; Turner 1956; W&S]
yellow woolywhite
Hymenopappus robustus Greene
flavescens Gray var. flavescens [M&H; Turner 1956; W&S]
yellow woolywhite
Hymenopappus fisheri Wooton & Standley
Rothia flavescens (Gray) Kuntze
integer Greene = Hymenopappus mexicanus Gray
lugens Greene = Hymenopappus filifolius Hooker var. lugens (Greene) Jepson
mexicanus Gray [M&H; Turner 1956; W&S]
Mexican woolywhite
Hymenopappus integer Greene
Rothia mexicana (Gray) Kuntze
newberryi (Gray) I.M. Johnston [M&H; Turner 1956; W&S]
Newberry’s woolywhite
Leucampyx newberryi Gray
nudatus Wooton & Standley = Hymenopappus filifolius Hooker var. lugens (Greene) Jepson
pauciflorus I.M. Johnston = Hymenopappus filifolius Hooker var. pauciflorus (I.M. Johnston) B.L.
Turner
polycephalus Osterhout = Hymenopappus filifolius Hooker var. polycephalus (Osterhout) B.L.
Turner
radiatus Rose : Reported by W&S, but not known in NM [Turner 1956].
robustus Greene = Hymenopappus flavescens Gray var. canotomentosus Gray
tenuifolius Pursh [M&H; Turner 1956; W&S]
chalkhill woolywhite
Rothia tenuifolia Kuntze
Hymenothrix thimblehead

156
 wislizeni Gray [M&H; W&S]
Trans-Pecos thimblehead
wrightii Gray [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s thimblehead
Hymenoxys rubberweed
Bierner, M.W. 1994. Submersion of Dugaldia and Plummera in Hymenoxys (Asteraceae: Heliantheae: Gaillardiinae).
Sida 16(1):1-8.
Bierner, M.W. 2004. Taxonomy of Hymenoxys subgenus Macdougalia (Asteraceae: Helenieae: Tetraneurinae). Sida
21(2):657-663.
O'Kane, S.L. 1988. Colorado's rare flora. Great Basin Naturalist 48(4):434-475. [Hymenoxys helenioides]
Parker, K.F. 1981. New combinations in Tetraneuris Greene (Heliantheae, Asteraceae). Phytologia 45:467.
Wagner, W.L., R.A. Fletcher, & R.K. Shannon. 1999. Another look at Hymenoxys subgenus Plummera (Asteraceae:
Heliantheae: Gaillardiinae) from Arizona and New Mexico. Brittonia 51(1):79-86.
acaulis (Pursh) Parker var. acaulis = Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene var. acaulis
acaulis (Pursh) Parker var. arizonica (Greene) Parker = Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene var.
arizonica (Greene) Parker
acaulis (Pursh) Parker var. caespitosa (A. Nelson) Parker = Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene var.
caespitosa A. Nelson
acaulis (Pursh) Parker var. ivesiana (Greene) Parker = Tetraneuris ivesiana Greene
acaulis (Pursh) Parker var. nana Welsh = Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene var. arizonica (Greene)
Parker
+ambigens (S.F. Blake) Bierner var. neomexicana Wagner [Wagner 1979; Wagner et al. 1999]
New Mexico rubberweed
Plummera ambigens of NM authors
argentea (Gray) Parker = Tetraneuris argentea (Gray) Greene
argentea (Gray) Parker var. thoreauensis Atwood , Welsh, & Clifford = Tetraneuris argenta (Gray)
Greene
bigelovii (Gray) Parker [Bierner 2004; M&H; W&S]
Bigelow’s rubberweed
Actinella bigelovii Gray
Macdougalia bigelovii (Gray) Heller
+brachyactis Wooton & Standley [W&S]
east-view rubberweed
brandegei (Porter ex Gray) K.F. Parker [M&H]
Brandegee’s rubberweed
Actinea brandegei (Porter ex Gray) Rydberg
Actinella brandegei Porter ex Gray
Rydbergia brandegei (Porter) Rydberg
Tetraneuris brandegei (Porter ex Gray) Parker
cockerellii Wooton & Standley = Hymenoxys odorata A.P. de Candolle
cooperi (Gray) Cockerell subsp. grayi Cockerell = Hymenoxys quinquesquamata Rydberg
floribunda (Gray) Cockerell = Hymenoxys richardsonii (Hooker) Cockerell var. floribunda (Gray)
Parker
helenioides (Rydberg) Cockerell [Heil et al. 2002; O’Kane 1988]
Intermountain rubberweed
Picradenia helenioides Rydberg
hoopesii (A. Gray) Bierner [M&H; W&S]
orange sneezeweed
Dugaldea hoopesii (Gray) Rydberg
Heleniastrum hoopesii (Gray) Kuntze
Helenium hoopesii A. Gray
ivesiana (Greene) Parker = Tetraneuris ivesiana Greene
linearifolia Hooker = Tetraneuris linearifolia (Hooker) Greene
macrantha (A. Nelson) Rydberg = Hymenoxys richardsonii (Hooker) Cockerell var. richardsonii
mearnsii (Cockerell) Wooton & Standley = Hymenoxys odorata A.P. de Candolle
metcalfei Cockerell = Hymenoxys richardsonii (Hooker) Cockerell var. floribunda (Gray) Parker
multiflora (Buckley) Rydberg = Hymenoxys odorata A.P. de Candolle
odorata A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S]
poison rubberweed

157
 Actinella odorata (A.P. de Candolle) Gray
Hymenoxys cockerellii Wooton & Standley
Hymenoxys mearnsii (Cockerell) Wooton & Standley
Hymenoxys multiflora (Buckley) Rydberg
olivacea Cockerell = Hymenoxys richardsonii (Hooker) Cockerell var. floribunda (Gray) Parker
quinquesquamata Rydberg [M&H] Note: Restricted by Bierner (2006) to southern Arizona, mostly the
Huachuca Mountains; warrants verification.
Rincon rubberweed
Hymenoxys cooperi (Gray) Cockerell subsp. grayi Cockerell
richardsonii (Hooker) Cockerell var. floribunda (Gray) Parker [M&H; W&S]
pingue, Colorado rubberweed
Actinella richardsonii (Hooker) Nuttall var. floribunda Gray
Hymenoxys floribunda (Gray) Cockerell
Hymenoxys metcalfei Cockerell
Hymenoxys olivacea Cockerell
richardsonii (Hooker) Cockerell var. richardsonii [W&S]
pingue, Colorado rubberweed
Actinella richardsonii (Hooker) Nuttall
Hymenoxys macrantha (A. Nelson) Rydberg
Picradenia richardsonii Hooker
rusbyi (Gray) Cockerell [M&H; W&S]
Rusby’s rubberweed
Actinella rusbyi Gray
scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Parker s.s. = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Greene var. scaposa
scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Parker var. glabra (Nuttall) Parker = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de
Candolle) Greene var. scaposa
scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Parker var. linearis (Nuttall) Parker = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de
Candolle) Greene var. scaposa
scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Parker var. villosa Shinners = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de Candolle)
Greene var. scaposa
vaseyi (Gray) Cockerell [M&H; W&S]
Vasey’s rubberweed
Actinella vaseyi Gray
Picradenia vaseyi (Gray) Greene
Hyoseris biflora Walter = Krigia biflora (Walter) S.F. Blake
cretica Linnaeus = Hedypnois cretica (Linnaeus) Dumont de Courset
Hypochaeris cat’s ear
*radicata Linnaeus [Spellenberg et al. 1993]
cat’s ear
Inula ericoides Torrey = Chaetopappa ericoides (Torrey) Nesom
Ionactis ankle-aster
Nesom, G.L. 1992. Transfer of Chaetopappa elegans to Ionactis (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytologia 73(5):416-424.
Soreng, R. and R. Spellenberg. 1984. An unusual new Chaetopappa (Asteraceae-Astereae) from New Mexico. Syst.
Bot. 9:1-5.
+elegans (Soreng & Spellenberg) Nesom [Soreng & Spellenberg 1984]
Sierra Blanca ankle-aster
Chaetopappa elegans Soreng & Spellenberg
Isocoma Jimmyweed
Nesom, G.L. 1991. Taxonomy of Isocoma (Compositae: Astereae). Phytologia 70:69-114.
azteca Nesom [Nesom 1991]
Aztec Jimmyweed
heterophylla (Gray) Greene = Isocoma pluriflora (Torrey & Gray) Greene
oxylepis Wooton & Standley = Isocoma pluriflora (Torrey & Gray) Greene
pluriflora (Torrey & Gray) Greene [M&H; Nesom 1991; W&S]
southern Jimmyweed
Bigelovia pluriflora Torrey & Gray
Haplopappus heterophyllus (Gray) Blake
Haplopappus pluriflorus (Gray) Hall

158
 Isocoma heterophylla (Gray) Greene
Isocoma oxylepis Wooton & Standley
Isocoma wrightii (Gray) Wooton & Standley
Linosyris heterophyllus Gray
rusbyi Greene [M&H; Nesom 1991]
Rusby’s Jimmyweed
Haplopappus drummondii sensu M&H
tenuisecta Greene [M&H; Nesom 1991]
burroweed
Haplopappus tenuisectus (Greene) Blake
wrightii (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Isocoma pluriflora (Torrey & Gray) Greene
Iva marsh-elder
Jackson, R.C. 1960. A revision of the genus Iva Linnaeus Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 41:793-876.
Strother, J.L. 2000. Hedosyne (Compositae, Ambrosiinae), a new genus for Iva ambrosiifolia. Madroño 47(3):204-
205.
acerosa (Nuttall) R.C. Jackson = Oxytenia acerosa Nuttall
ambrosiifolia (Gray) Gray = Hedosyne ambrosiifolia (A. Gray) Strother
annua Linnaeus [M&H]
annual marsh-elder
Iva ciliata Willdenow
axillaris Pursh [M&H; W&S]
deer-root
ciliata Willdenow = Iva annua Linnaeus
dealbata Gray = Leuciva dealbata (A. Gray) Rydberg
xanthiifolia Nuttall = Cyclachaena xanthiifolia (Nuttall) Fresenius
Jefea boss-daisy
Strother, J.L. 1991. Taxonomy of Complaya, Elaphandra, Iogeton, Jefea, Wamalchitamin, Wedelia, Zexmenia, and
Zyzyxia (Compositae- Heliantheae-Ecliptinae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 33:1-111.
brevifolia (Gray) Strother [M&H; Strother 1991]
boss-daisy
Zexmenia brevifolia Gray
Koanophyllon thoroughwort
Nesom, G.L. 2006. Koanophyllon, pp. 542-543. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21. Oxford University Press, New
York. [Koanophyllon palmeri]
palmeri (Gray) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson [Nesom 2006]
Palmer’s thoroughwort
Eupatorium palmeri Gray
solidaginifolium (Gray) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson [M&H; W&S]
shrubby thoroughwort
Eupatorium solidaginifolium Gray
Keerlia skirrhobasis A.P. de Candolle = Aphanostephus skirrhobasis (A.P. de Candolle) Trelease
Krigia dwarf-dandelion
Kim, K.-J. & B.L. Turner. 1992. Systematic overview of Krigia (Asteraceae-Lactuceae). Brittonia 44:173-198.
biflora (Walter) Blake [M&H; W&S]
dwarf-dandelion
Cynthia viridis Standley
Hyoseris biflora Walter
Krigia biflora (Walter) Blake var. viridis (Standley) Kim
biflora (Walter) Blake var. viridis (Standley) Kim = Krigia biflora (Walter) Blake
Kuhnia eupatorioides Linnaeus var. chlorolepis (Wooton & Standley) Cronquist = Brickellia
eupatorioides (Linnaeus) Shinners var. chlorolepis (Wooton & Standley) B. Turner
eupatorioides Linnaeus var. corymbulosa Torrey & Gray = Brickellia eupatorioides (Linnaeus)
Shinners var. corymbulosa (Torrey & Gray) Shinners
chlorolepis Wooton & Standley = Brickellia eupatorioides (Linnaeus) Shinners var. chlorolepis
(Wooton & Standley) B. Turner
rosmarinifolia Ventenat [=Brickellia eupatorioides (Linnaeus) Shinners var. eupatorioides] :
Reported by W&S, but not known from NM according to Turner (1989); requires
validation.

159
 rosmarinifolia Ventenat var. chlorolepis (Wooton & Standley) Blake = Brickellia eupatorioides
(Linnaeus) Shinners var. chlorolepis (Wooton & Standley) B. Turner
Lacinaria lancifolia Greene = Liatris lancifolia (Greene) Kittell
ligulistylis A. Nelson = Liatris ligulistylis (A. Nelson) K. Schumann
punctata (Hooker) Kuntze = Liatris punctata Hooker
Lactuca lettuce
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233.
Koopman, W.J.M., M.J. Zevenbergen, & R.G. Van den Berg. 2001. Species relationships in Lactuca s.l. (Lactuceae,
Asteraceae) inferred from AFLP fingerprints. Amer. J. Bot. 88:1881-1887.
Stebbins, G.L. 1939. Notes on Lactuca in western North America. Madroño 5:123-126.
Strother, J.L. 2006. Lactuca, p. 259-263. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 19. Oxford University Press, New York.
Vuilleumier, B. S. 1973. The genera of Lactuceae (Compositae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold
Arboretum 54: 42-93. [Lactuca saligna]
biennis (Moench) Fernald [Hartman et al. 2006; Strother 2006]
wild lettuce
Sonchus biennis Moench
canadensis Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
Canada lettuce
graminifolia Michaux var. arizonica McVaugh [M&H; W&S]
Arizona lettuce
integrata (Grenier & Godron) A. Nelson = Lactuca serriola Linnaeus
ludoviciana (Nuttall) A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S]
Louisiana lettuce
Sonchus ludovicianus Nuttall
*saligna Linnaeus [Strother 2006; Vuilleumier 1973]
willow-leaf lettuce
*sativa Linnaeus [Strother 2006]
garden lettuce
scariola Linnaeus, a later variant spelling = Lactuca serriola Linnaeus
serriola Linnaeus forma integrifolia Bogenhard = Lactuca serriola Linnaeus
serriola Linnaeus var. integrata Grenier & Godron = Lactuca serriola Linnaeus
*serriola Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
prickly lettuce
Lactuca integrata (Grenier & Godron) A. Nelson
Lactuca scariola Linnaeus, a later variant spelling
Lactuca serriola Linnaeus var. integrata Grenier & Godron
Lactuca serriola Linnaeus forma integrifolia Bogenhard
tatarica (Linnaeus) C.A. Meyer subsp. pulchella (Pursh) Stebbins = Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) A.P.
de Candolle
pulchella (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S]
blue-lettuce
Lactuca tatarica (Linnaeus) C.A. Meyer subsp. pulchella (Pursh) Stebbins
Mulgedium pulchellum (Pursh) G. Don
Sonchus pulchellus Pursh
Laennecia woolwort
Nesom, G.L. 1990. Taxonomy of the genus Laennecia (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytologia 68(3):205-228.
coulteri (A. Gray) Nesom [M&H]
Coulter’s woolwort
Conyza coulteri A. Gray
Eschenbachia coulteri (Gray) Rydberg
schiedeana (Lessing) Nesom [M&H; W&S]
pineland woolwort
Conyza schiedeana (Lessing) Cronquist
Erigeron schiedeanus Lessing
Leptilon integrifolium Wooton & Standley
sophiifolia (Kunth) Nesom [M&H]
cut-leaf woolwort

160
 Conyza coulteri Gray var. tenuisecta Gray
Conyza sophiifolia Kunth
Eschenbachia tenuisecta (Gray) Wooton & Standley
Laphamia cernua Greene = Perityle cernua (Greene) Shinners
quinqueflora Steyermark = Perityle quinqueflora (Steyermark) Shinners
staurophylla Barneby = Perityle staurophylla (Barneby) Shinners var. staurophylla
Lappa minus Hill = Arctium minus (Hill) Bernhardi
Lasianthaea daisy
Strother, J.L. 1991. Taxonomy of Complaya, Elaphandra, Iogeton, Jefea, Wamalchitamin, Wedelia, Zexmenia, and
Zyzyxia (Compositae- Heliantheae-Ecliptinae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 33:1-111.
podocephala (Gray) Baker [M&H]
San Pedro daisy
Verbesina podocephala Gray
Zexmenia podocephala (Gray) Gray
Lapsana nipplewort
Worthington, R.D. 2007. Plant distribution reports [Lapsana communis]. The New Mexico Botanist 37:7.
*communis Linnaeus [Worthington 2007]
nipplewort
Lasthenia goldfields
gracilis (A.P. de Candolle) Greene [M&H; W&S] Note : The report is based on a Greene specimen
from Grant County, which cannot be located; no other specimens are known from NM
common goldfields
Baeria chrysostoma Fischer & C.A. Meyer var. gracilis (A.P. de Candolle) Hall
Baeria gracilis (A.P. de Candolle) Gray
Burrielia gracilis A.P. de Candolle
Layia tidytips
glandulosa (Hooker) Hooker & Arnott var. glandulosa [M&H; W&S]
white tidytips
Blepharipappus glandulosa Hooker
Layia neomexicana Gray
neomexicana Gray = Layia glandulosa Hooker
Leibnitzia sunbonnets
Nesom, G.L. 1983. Biology and taxonomy of American Leibnitzia (Asteraceae: Mutisieae). Brittonia 35:126-139.
lyrata (Schultz-Bipontinus) G.L. Nesom [M&H; W&S]
Seemann’s sunbonnets
Chaptalia alsophila Greene
Gerbera lyrata Schultz-Bipontinus
Leibnitzia seemannii (Schultz-Bipontinus) G.L. Nesom
seemannii (Schultz-Bipontinus) G.L. Nesom = Leibnitzia lyraata (Schultz-Bipontinus) G.L. Nesom
Leontodon hawkbit
Sivinski, R. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 19:3. [Leontodon taraxacoides]
ceratophorus Ledebour = Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledebour) A.P. de Candolle
*saxatilis Lamarck [Sivinski 2001]
lesser hawkbit
Leontodon taraxacoides (Villars) Willdenow ex Mérat (not Hoppe & Hornschuch)
taraxacoides (Villars) Willdenow ex Mérat (not Hoppe & Hornschuch) = Leontodon saxatilis
Lamarck
Lepidospartum scalebroom
Sivinski, R. & K. Lightfoot, eds. 1995. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of New Mexico. New Mexico
Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Misc. Publ. No. 4.
Turner, B.L. 1977. Lepidospartum burgessii (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a remarkable new gypsophilic species from
Trans-Pecos Texas. Wrightii 5(9):354-355.
burgessii Turner [Sivinski & Lightfoot 1995]
Burgess’s scalebroom
Leptilon canadense (Linnaeus) Britton & Brown = Conyza canadensis (Linnaeus) Cronquist
integrifolium Wooton & Standley = Conyza schiediana (Lessing) Cronquist
Leptoseris sonchoides Nuttall = Malacothrix sonchoides (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray
Leptosyne californica Nuttall = Coreopsis californica (Nuttall) Sharsmith
Leucampyx newberryi Gray = Hymenopappus newberryi (Gray) I.M. Johnston

161
Leucanthemum daisy
*vulgare Lamarck [M&H; W&S]
oxeye daisy
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Linnaeus
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Linnaeus var. pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte
Leucelene arenosus Heller = Chaetopappa ericoides (Torrey) Nesom
ericoides (Torrey) Greene = Chaetopappa ericoides (Torrey) Nesom
Leuciva marsh-elder
Strother, J.L. 2000. Hedosyne (Compositae, Ambrosiinae), a new genus for Iva ambrosiifolia. Madroño 47(3):204-
205.
dealbata (A. Gray) Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
wooly marsh-elder
Iva dealbata A. Gray
Leucosyris spinosus (Bentham) Greene = Chloracantha spinosa (Bentham) Nesom
Liatris gayfeather
Gaiser, L.O. 1946. The genus Liatris. Rhodora 48:165-183, 216-263, 326, 331-382, 393-412.
lancifolia (Greene) Kittell [M&H; W&S]
lance-leaf gayfeather
Lacinaria lancifolia Greene
ligulistylis (A. Nelson) K. Schumann [M&H; W&S]
strap-style gayfeather
Lacinaria ligulistylis A. Nelson
punctata Hooker var. mexicana Gaiser [Gaiser 1946]
dotted gayfeather
punctata Hooker var. nebraskana Gaiser = Liatris punctata Hooker var. punctata
punctata Hooker var. punctata [Gaiser 1946; M&H; W&S]
dotted gayfeather
Lacinaria punctata (Hooker) Kuntze
Liatris punctata Hooker var. nebraskana Gaiser
Ligularia amplectens (Gray) W.A. Weber = Senecio amplectens Gray
bigelovii (Gray) W.A. Weber = Senecio bigelovii Gray var. bigelovii
bigelovii (Gray) W.A. Weber var. hallii (Gray) W.A. Weber = Senecio bigelovii Gray var. hallii
Gray
holmii (Greene) W.A. Weber = Senecio amplectens A. Gray var. holmii (Greene) Harrington
pudica (Greene) W.A. Weber = Senecio pudicus Greene
soldanella (Gray) W.A. Weber = Senecio soldanella Gray
taraxacoides (Gray) W.A. Weber = Senecio taraxacoides Gray
Linosyris bigelovii Gray = Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. bigelovii (Torrey)
Nesom & Baird
heterophyllus Gray = Isocoma pluriflora (Torrey & Gray) Greene
howardii Parry ex A. Gray = Ericameria parryi (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird var. howardii (Parry ex A.
Gray) Nesom & Baird
pulchella Gray = Lorandersonia pulchella (Gray) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig
texana Torrey & Gray = Baccharis texana (Torrey & Gray) Gray
Logfia cotton-rose
filaginoides (Hooker & Arnott) Morefield [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
California cotton-rose
Filago californica Nuttall
Gnaphalium filaginoides Hooker & Arnott
Lorandersonia rabbitbrush
Urbatsch, L.E., R.P. Roberts, & K.M. Neubig. 2006. Lorandersonia, p. 177-181. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 20.
Oxford University Press, New York.
baileyi (Wooton & Standley) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig [Anderson 1986; M&H; W&S]
Bailey’s rabbitbrush
Ericameria pulchella (Gray) L.C. Anderson subsp. baileyi (Wooton & Standley) L.C.
Anderson
Chrysothamnus baileyi Wooton & Standley

162
 Chrysothamnus pulchellus (Gray) Greene subsp. baileyi (Wooton & Standley) Hall &
Clements
linifolia (Greene) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig [Anderson 1986; M&H; W&S]
spear-leaf rabbitbrush
Chrysothamnus linifolius Greene
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall subsp. linifolius (Greene) Hall & Clements
Ericameria linifolia (Greene) L.C. Anderson
+microcephala (Cronquist) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig [M&H]
small-headed rabbitbrush
Haplopappus microcephalus Cronquist
Ericameria microcephala (Cronquist) Kartesz & Gandhi
Tonestus microcephalus (Cronquist) Nesom & Morgan
pulchella (Gray) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig [Anderson 1986; M&H; W&S]
southwestern rabbitbrush
Bigelovia pulchella Gray
Chrysothamnus elatior Standley
Chrysothamnus pulchellus (Gray) Greene
Chrysothamnus pulchellus (Gray) Greene subsp. elatior (Standley) Hall & Clements
Ericameria pulchella (Gray) L.C. Anderson
Ericameria pulchella (Gray) L.C. Anderson var. elatior (Standley) L.C. Anderson
Linosyris pulchella Gray
spathulata (L.C. Anderson) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig [Anderson 1986]
Guadalupe rabbitbrush
Chrysothamnus spathulatus L.C. Anderson
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Nuttall) Hooker subsp. ludens Shinners
Ericameria spathulata (L.C. Anderson) L.C. Anderson
Lowellia aurea Gray = Thymophylla aurea (Gray) Greene ex Britton var. aurea
Lygodesmia skeleton-plant
Bogler, D.J. 2006. Lygodesmia, p. 369-373. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 19. Oxford University Press, New York.
Kittell, M.T. 1941. A Critical Revision of the Compositae of Arizona and New Mexico. The Catholic University of
America, Biological Series No. 34. [Lygodesmia grandiflora]
Parfitt, B.D. 1987. Noteworthy collections, New Mexico. Madroño 34:171. [Lygodesmia grandiflora]
Tomb, A.S. 1980. Taxonomy of Lygodesmia (Asteraceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 1:1-51.
aphylla (Nuttall) A.P. de Candolle var. texana Torrey & Gray = Lygodesmia texana (Torrey & Gray)
Greene
arizonica Tomb = Lygodesmia grandiflora (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray var. arizonica (Tomb) S.L.
Welsh
bigelovii (Gray) Shinners = Stephanomeria exigua Nuttall subsp. exigua
exigua Gray = Prenanthella exigua (Gray) Rydberg
grandiflora (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray var. arizonica (Tomb) S.L. Welsh [Tomb 1980]
Arizona skeleton-plant
Lygodesmia arizonica Tomb
grandiflora (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray var. grandiflora [Kittell 1941; M&H; Parfitt 1987]
rush-pink
Erythemia grandiflora Nuttall
juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hooker [M&H; Tomb 1980]
rush skeleton-plant
Prenanthes juncea Pursh
minor Hooker = Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Rafinesque) Hall
ramosissima Greenman : M&H erroneously attribute to Tomb (1980) the report of Lygodesmia
ramosissima Greenman for NM.
texana (Torrey & Gray) Greene [M&H; Tomb 1980]
Texas skeleton-plant
Lygodesmia aphylla (Nuttall) A.P. de Candolle var. texana Torrey & Gray
thurberi (Gray) Shinners = Stephanomeria thurberi Gray
wrightii (Gray) Shinners = Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Rafinesque) Hall
Macdougalia bigelovii (Gray) Heller = Hymenoxys bigelovii (Gray) Parker
Machaeranthera spine-aster
Hartman, R.L. 1990. A conspectus of Machaeranthera (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytologia 68:439-465.

163
Morgan, D.R. & R.L. Hartman. 2003. A synopsis of Machaeranthera (Asteraceae: Astereae), with recognition of
segregate genera. Sida 20(4):1387-1416.
Turner, B.L. 1987. Taxonomic study of Machaeranthera, sections Machaeranthera and Hesperastrum (Asteraceae).
Phytologia 62:207-266.
Turner, B.L., J. Bacon, & T. Wendt. 1975. Chromosomes and phyletic position of Aster sonorae Gray (Asteraceae-
sect. Oxytripolium). Southw. Natural. 19(4):361-364.
Turner, B.L. and R.L. Hartman. 1976. Infraspecific categories of Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Compositae). Wrightia
5:308-315.
amplifolia Wooton & Standley = Dieteria asteroides Torrey var. asteroides
angustifolia Wooton & Standley = Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. ambigua (B.L. Turner)
Morgan & Hartman
aquifolia Greene = Dieteria bigelovii (Gray) Morgan & Hartman var. bigelovii
asteroides (Torrey) Greene var. asteroides = Dieteria asteroides Torrey var. asteroides
asteroides (Torrey) Greene var. glandulosa B.L. Turner = Dieteria asteroides Torrey var. glandulosa
(B.L. Turner) Morgan & Hartman
australis (Greene) Shinners = Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var. spinulosum
bigelovii (Gray) Greene var. bigelovii = Dieteria bigelovii (Gray) Morgan & Hartman
blephariphylla (Gray) Shinners = Xanthisma blephariphyllum (Gray) Morgan & Hartman
brevilingulata (Schultz-Bipontinus ex Hemsley) B.L. Turner & Horne = Psilactis brevilingulata
Schultz-Bipontinus ex Hemsley
boltoniae (Greene) Turner & Horne = Psilactis asteroides Gray
canescens (Pursh) Gray s.s. [=Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nuttall s.s.] : Not known from NM
according to Turner (1987).
canescens (Pursh) Gray var. ambigua B.L. Turner = Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. ambigua
(B.L. Turner) Morgan & Hartman
canescens (Pursh) Gray var. aristata (Eastwood) B.L. Turner = Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nuttall
var. aristata (Eastwood) Morgan & Hartman
canescens (Pursh) Gray var. glabra Gray = Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. glabra (Gray)
Morgan & Hartman
canescens (Pursh) Gray var. incana (Lindley) Gray = Dieteria asteroides Torrey var. asteroides
canescens (Pursh) Gray var. latifolia Gray = Dieteria asteroides Torrey var. asteroides
centaureoides Greene = Dieteria bigelovii (Gray) Morgan & Hartman
cichoriacea Greene = Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. aristata (Eastwood) Morgan &
Hartman
coronopifolia (Nuttall) A. Nelson = Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Kunth) Nees
gracilis (Nuttall) Shinners = Xanthisma gracile (Nuttall) Morgan & Hartman
grindelioides (Nuttall) Shinners = Xanthisma grindelioides (Nuttall) Morgan & Hartman
gymnocephala auctores non (A.P. de Candolle) Shinners = Xanthisma blephariphyllum (Gray)
Morgan & Hartman
gypsitherma Nesom, Vorobik, & Hartman = Arida blepharophylla (Gray) Morgan & Hartman
gypsophila B.L. Turner = Xanthisma gypsophilum (B.L. Turner) Morgan & Hartman
havardii (Waterfall) Shinners = Xanthisma viscidum (Wooton & Standley) Morgan & Hartman
humilis Standley = Machaerathera tagetina Greene
linearis Greene = Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. glabra (Gray) Morgan & Hartman
parviflora Gray = Arida parviflora (Gray) Morgan & Hartman
pinnatifida (Hooker) Shinners var. chihuahuana B.L. Turner & Hartman = Xanthisma spinulosum
(Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var. chihuahuanum (Turner & Hartman) Morgan &
Hartman
pinnatifida (Hooker) Shinners var. glaberrima (Rydberg) Turner & Hartman = Xanthisma
spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var. glaberrimum (Rydberg) Morgan &
Hartman
pinnatifida (Hooker) Shinners var. pinnatifida = Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman
var. spinulosum
pygmaea (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Arida parviflora (Gray) Morgan & Hartman
riparia (Kunth) A.G. Jones = Arida riparia (Kunth) Morgan & Hartman
rubricaulis Rydberg = Dieteria bigelovii (Gray) Morgan & Hartman var. bigelovii
simplex Wooton & Standley = Dieteria asteroides Torrey
sonorae (Gray) Stucky = Arida riparia (Kunth) Morgan & Hartman
tagetina Greene [M&H; Turner 1987; W&S]
mesa spine-aster
Aster tagetinus (Greene) Blake

164
 Machaeranthera humilis Standley
Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Kunth) Nees var. humilis Gray
tanacetifolia (Kunth) Nees [M&H; Turner 1987; W&S]
Tahoka-daisy
Aster tanacetifolius Kunth
Dieteria coronoopifolia Nuttall
Machaeranthera coronopifolia (Nuttall) A. Nelson
tanacetifolia (Kunth) Nees var. humilis Gray = Machaeranthera tagetina Greene
tephrodes (Gray) Greene = Dieteria asteroides Torrey
viscida (Wooton & Standley) Hartman = Xanthisma viscidum (Wooton & Standley) Morgan &
Hartman
viscosa (Nuttall) Greene = Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nuttall s.s.; the Cockerell specimen cited in
W&S for NM belongs to Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. glabra (Gray)
Morgan & Hartman [Turner 1987].
Macrorhyncus heterophyllus Nuttall = Agoseris heterophylla (Nuttall) Greene var. heterophylla
Madia tarweed
glomerata Hooker [M&H; W&S]
mountain tarweed
Malacothrix desert-dandelion
Spellenberg, R. 2005. Plant distribution reports (Malacothrix stebbinsii, Melampodium longicorne). The New Mexico
Botanist 33:7.
Williams, E.W. 1957. The genus Malacothrix (Compositae). Amer. Midl. Naturalist 58:494-512.
californica A.P. de Candolle var. glabrata Gray ex D.C. Eaton = Malacothrix glabrata (A. Gray ex
D.C. Eaton) A. Gray
fendleri Gray [M&H; W&S; Williams 1957]
Fendler’s desert-dandelion
glabrata (A. Gray ex D.C. Eaton) A. Gray [Sivinski et al. 1995]
smooth desert-dandelion
Malacothrix californica A.P. de Candolle var. glabrata Gray ex D.C. Eaton
sonchoides (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray [M&H; Williams 1957]
yellow-saucers
Leptoseris sonchoides Nuttall
sonorae Davis & Raven [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
Sonoran desert-dandelion
stebbinsii W.H. Davis & P.H Raven [Spellenberg 2005]
Stebbins’s desert-dandelion
Maruta cotula (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle = Anthemis cotula Linnaeus
Matricaria pineappleweed
Bremer, K., H. Eklund, G. Medhanie, S. Heidmarsson, N. Laurent, J. Maad, J. Niklasson, & A. Nordin. 1996. On the
delimitation of Matricaria versus Microcephala (Asteraceae: Anthemideae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 200:263-271.
Cronquist, A. 1994. Matricaria, pp. 136-138. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
*discoidea A.P. de Candolle [Sivinski et al. 1994]
pineappleweed
Matricaria matricarioides auctores non (Lessing) Porter
matricarioides auctores non (Lessing) Porter = Matricaria discoidea A.P. de Candolle
Melampodium blackfoot-daisy
Spellenberg, R. 2005. Plant distribution reports (Malacothrix stebbinsii, Melampodium longicorne). The New Mexico
Botanist 33:7.
Stuessy, T.F. 1972. Revision of Melampodium (Compositae: Heliantheae). Rhodora 74:1-70, 161-219.
leucanthum Torrey & Gray [M&H; W&S]
plains blackfoot-daisy
longicorne A. Gray [Spellenberg 2005]
Arizona blackfoot-daisy
strigosum Stuessy [Spellenberg et al. 1993]
shaggy blackfoot-daisy
Mesadenia decomposita (Gray) Standley = Psacalium decompositum (Gray) Robinson & Bretting
Microseris cuspidata (Pursh) Schultz-Bipontinus = Nothocalais cuspidata (Pursh) Greene
lindleyi (A.P. de Candolle) Gray = Uropappus lindleyi (A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall

165
 linearifolia (A.P. de Candolle) Schultz-Bipontinus = Uropappus lindleyi (A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall
Molina salicifolia Ruiz & Pavon = Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pavon) Persoon
Nemoseris neomexicana (Gray) Greene = Rafinesquia neomexicana Gray
Nicolletia edwardsii Gray : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
Nothocalais prairie dandelion
cuspidata (Pursh) Greene [M&H]
prairie dandelion
Agoseris cuspidata (Pursh) Steudel
Microseris cuspidata (Pursh) Schultz-Bipontinus
Torximon cuspidatum Pursh
Obeliscaria pulcherrima A.P. de Candolle = Ratibida columnifera (Nuttall) Wooton & Standley forma
pulcherrima (A.P. de Candolle) Fernald
Oedera trinervia Sprengel = Flaveria trinervia (Sprengel) C. Mohr
Oligoneuron canescens Rydberg = Solidago rigida Linnaeus var. humilis Porter
rigidum (Linnaeus) Small var. humile (Porter) Nesom = Solidago rigida Linnaeus var. humilis Porter
Onopordum Scotch-thistle
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, & R. Peterson. 1994. Additions to the native and adventive flora of New Mexico. Phytologia
76(6):473-479. [Onopordum acanthium]
*acanthium Linnaeus [Sivinski et al. 1994]
Scotch-thistle
Oreochrysum goldenrod
Keller, C.F. 1999. New Mexico Solidagos: A preliminary look at a difficult problem, with a tentative key. The New
Mexico Botanist 11:1-5.
parryi (Gray) Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
Parry’s goldenrod
Haplopappus parryi Gray
Solidago parryi (Gray) Greene
Osteospermum daisybush
Strother, J.L. 2006. Osteospermum, p. 382-383. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 19. Oxford University Press, New
York. [Osteospermum spinescens]
spinescens Thunberg [Strother 2006]
spiny daisybush
Othake macrolepis Rydberg = Palafoxia rosea (Bush) Cory var. macrolepis (Rydberg) Turner & Morris
sphacelatum (Nuttall) Rydberg = Palafoxia sphacelata (Nuttall ex Torrey) Cory
texanum (A.P. de Candolle) Bush (=Palafoxia texana A.P. de Candolle var. texana) : Reported by
W&S, but not occurring in NM according to Turner & Morris (1976); our material
is referred to Palafoxia rosea (Bush) Cory var. macrolepis.
texanum (A.P. de Candolle) Bush var. macrolepis (Rydberg) Ammerman = Palafoxia rosea (Bush)
Cory var. macrolepis (Rydberg) Turner & Morris
Oxytenia copperweed
Hershey, A.L. & P.J. Leyendecker, Jr. 1944. Notes on plants of New Mexico—III. Leaflets of Western Botany
4(2):21-25. [Oxytenia acerosa]
Strother, J.L. 2000. Hedosyne (Compositae, Ambrosiinae), a new genus for Iva ambrosiifolia. Madroño 47(3):204-
205.
acerosa Nuttall [Hershey & Leyendecker 1944; M&H]
copperweed
Iva acerosa (Nuttall) Jackson
Packera ragwort
Barkley, T.M. 1962. A revision of Senecio aureus Linn. and allied species. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 65:318-408.
Barkley, T.M. 1999. The segregates of Senecio, s.l., and Cacalia, s.l., in the flora of North America north of Mexico.
Sida 18(3):661-672.
Keller, C.F. 2010. Plant distribution reports (Packera werneriifolia alpina). The New Mexico Botanist 49:8.
Sivinski, R. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 18:3. [Senecio quercetorum, Senecio
neomexicanum toumeyi]
Trock, D.K. 2006. Packera, p. 570-602. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 20. Oxford University Press.
Trock, D.K. & T.M. Barkley. 1998. Seven new nomenclatural combinations and a new name in Packera (Asteraceae:
Senecioneae). Sida 18(2):385-388.
Turner, B.L. 2008. Biological status of Packera thurberi (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) and its relationship to Packera
neomexicana. Phytologia 90(1):47-51.
Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, S.Goodrich, & L.C. Higgins (eds.). 2003. A Utah Flora. 3rd ed, revised. Provo, Utah:
Brigham Young University Press. [Senecio cliffordii]

166
Worthington, R.D. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Packera obovata]
cana (Hooker) W.A. Weber & A. Löve [Spellenberg et al. 1986; Trock 2006]
silver ragwort
Senecio canus Hooker
cardamine (Greene) W.A. Weber & A. Löve [M&H; Trock 2006; W&S]
bitter-cress ragwort
Senecio cardamine Greene
crocata (Rydberg) W.A. Weber & A. Löve [Trock 2006]
saffron ragwort
Senecio crocatus Rydberg
+cynthioides (Greene) W.A. Weber & A. Löve [M&H; Trock 2006; W&S]
White Mountain ragwort
Senecio cynthioides Greene
dimorphophylla (Greene) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var. dimorphophylla [Spellenberg et al.
1986; Trock 2006]
split-leaf ragwort
Senecio dimorphophyllus Greene
fendleri (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve [M&H; Trock 2006; W&S]
Fendler’s ragwort
Senecio fendleri Gray
Senecio canovirens Rydberg
hartiana (Heller) W.A. Weber & A. Löve [M&H; Trock 2006]
Hart’s ragwort
Packera quaerens (Greene) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
Senecio flavulus Wooton & Standley in part
Senecio hartianus Heller
Senecio quaerens Greene
millelobata (Rydberg) W.A. Weber & A. Löve [=Senecio millelobatus Rydberg] : Reported for NM
in M&H and W&S, based on a C. Wright collection thought to be from NM, but
now known to be from Texas; no specimens of this are known from the state
[Peterson 2005].
multilobata (Torrey & Gray ex Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve [M&H; Trock 2006]
lobe-leaf ragwort
Senecio multilobatus Torrey & Gray ex Gray
neomexicana (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var. mutabilis (Greene) W.A. Weber & A.
Löve [M&H; Trock 2006; W&S]
New Mexico ragwort
Packera neomexicana (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var. metcalfei (Greene) Trock &
Barkley
Senecio metcalfei Greene
Senecio mutabilis Greene
Senecio neomexicanus Gray var. mutabilis (Greene) T.M. Barkley
neomexicana (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var. neomexicana [M&H; Trock 2006; W&S]
New Mexico ragwort
Senecio eurypterus Greenman
Senecio neomexicanus Gray
Senecio oresbius Greenman
neomexicana (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var. metcalfei (Greene) Trock & Barkley = Packera
neomexicana (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var. mutabilis (Greene) W.A. Weber
& A. Löve
neomexicana (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var. toumeyi (Greene) Trock & Barkley
[Sivinski 2001; Trock 2006]
Toumey’s ragwort
Senecio neomexicanus Gray var. toumeyi (Greene) T.M. Barkley
Senecio toumeyi Greene
obovata (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) W.A. Weber & A. Löve [Trock 2006; Worthington 2000]
roundleaf ragwort

167
 Senecio obovatus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow
paupercula (Michaux) W.A. Weber & A. Löve [M&H] Note: Not reported for NM by Trock
(2006); perhaps warrants verification.
balsam ragwort
Senecio flavovirens Rydberg
Senecio pauperculus Michaux
plattensis (Nuttall) W.A. Weber & A. Löve [Great Plains Flora Association 1977; Mahoney et al.
2002; Trock 2006]
Platt River ragwort
Senecio plattensis Nuttall
pseudaurea (Rydberg) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var. flavula (Greene) Trock & Barkley
[Barkley 1962; M&H; Trock 2006; W&S]
streambank ragwort
Senecio flavulus Greene
Senecio pseudaureus Rydberg var. flavulus (Greene) Greenman
quaerens (Greene) W.A. Weber & A. Löve = Packera hartiana (Heller) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
quercetorum (Greene) C. Jeffrey [Sivinski 2001; Trock 2006]
oak-leaf ragwort
Senecio quercetorum Greene
+sanguisorboides (Rydberg) W.A. Weber & A. Löve [M&H; Trock 2006; W&S]
burnet ragwort
Senecio sanguisorboides Rydberg
spellenbergii (T.M. Barkley) C. Jeffrey [Barkley 1989; Trock 2006; Welsh et al. 2003]
Spellenberg’s ragwort
Senecio spellenbergii T.M. Barkley
Senecio cliffordii Atwood & Welsh
streptanthifolia (Greene) W.A. Weber & A. Löve [M&H; Trock 2006; W&S]
Rocky Mountain ragwort
Senecio acutidens Rydberg
Senecio cymbalarioides Nuttall
Senecio streptanthifolius Greene
thurberi (Gray) B.L. Turner [Barkley 1962; M&H; Trock 2006; W&S]
Thurber’s ragwort
Packera tridenticulata (Rydberg) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
Senecio oblanceolatus Rydberg
Senecio remifolius Wooton & Standley
Senecio thurberi Gray
Senecio tridenticulatus Rydberg
tridenticulata (Rydberg) W.A. Weber & A. Löve = Packera thurberi (Gray) B.L. Turner
werneriifolia (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var. werneriifolia [M&H; Trock 2006; W&S]
rocky ragwort
Senecio aureus Linnaeus var. werneriifolius Gray
Senecio pentadontus Greene
Senecio saxosus Klatt
Senecio werneriifolius (Gray) Gray
werneriifolia (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var. alpina (Gray) Dorn [Keller 2010]
rocky ragwort
Senecio aureus Linnaeus var. alpinus Gray
Palafoxia palafox
Turner, B.L. and M.I. Morris. 1976. Systematics of Palafoxia (Asteraceae: Helenieae). Rhodora 78:567-628.
callosa (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray : Reported as expected by M&H, but not likely to be found here
according to Turner & Morris (1976).
rosea (Bush) Cory var. macrolepis (Rydberg) Turner & Morris [M&H; W&S]
rosy palafox
Othake macrolepis Rydberg
Othake texanum (A.P. de Candolle) Bush var. macrolepis (Rydberg) Ammerman
Palafoxia texana A.P. de Candolle var. macrolepis (Rydberg) Shinners
sphacelata (Nuttall ex Torrey) Cory [M&H; W&S]

168
 rotting palafox
Othake sphacelatum (Nuttall) Rydberg
Polypteris hookeriana Gray
Stevia sphacelata Nuttall ex Torrey
texana A.P. de Candolle var. macrolepis (Rydberg) Shinners = Palafoxia rosea (Bush) Cory var.
macrolepis (Rydberg) Turner & Morris
Parthenice mollis Gray : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
Parthenium feverfew
Rollins, R.C. 1950. The guayule rubber plant and its relatives. Contr. Gray Herb. 172:1-72.
alpinum (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray [Spellenberg 1984]
alpine feverfew
Bolophyta alpina Nuttall
confertum Gray var. lyratum (Gray) Rollins [M&H; W&S]
Gray’s feverfew
Parthenium hysterophorus Linnaeus
Parthenium lyratum Gray
hysterophorus Linnaeus = Parthenium confertum Gray var. lyratum (Gray) Rollins
incanum Kunth [M&H; W&S]
mariola
lyratum Gray = Parthenium confertum Gray var. lyratum (Gray) Rollins
Pectis lemonweed, chinchweed
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Pectis cylindrica]
Keil, D.J. 1977. A revision of Pectis section Pectothrix (Compositae: Tageteae). Rhodora 79(817):32-78.
angustifolia Torrey var. angustifolia [Keil 1977; M&H; W&S]
lemonweed, limoncillo
Pectis papposa Harvey & Gray var. sessilis M.E. Jones
angustifolia Torrey var. tenella (A.P. de Candolle) Keil [Keil 1977]
lemonweed, limoncillo
Pectis tenella A.P. de Candolle
cylindrica (Fernald) Rydberg [Allred 1999]
Sonoran lemonweed
Pectis prostrata Cavanilles var. cylindrica Fernald
filipes Harvey & Gray var. subnuda Fernald [Keil 1977; M&H; W&S]
threadleaf lemonweed
longipes Gray [M&H]
stalked lemonweed
papposa Harvey & Gray var. grandis Keil [Keil 1977]
lemonweed, limoncillo
papposa Harvey & Gray var. papposa [Keil 1977; M&H; W&S]
lemonweed, limoncillo
papposa Harvey & Gray var. sessilis M.E. Jones = Pectis angustifolia Torrey var. angustifolia
prostrata Cavanilles [M&H; W&S]
dwarf lemonweed
Pectis urceolata Rydberg
prostrata Cavanilles var. cylindrica Fernald = Pectis cylindrica (Fernald) Rydberg
taxifolia Greene = Chrysactinia mexicana Gray
tenella A.P. de Candolle = Pectis angustifolia Torrey var. tenella (A.P. de Candolle) Keil
urceolata Rydberg = Pectis prostrata Cavanilles
Pentzia African sheepbush
*incana (Thunberg) O. Kuntze [Spellenberg et al. 1993]
African sheepbush
Chrysanthemum incanum Thunberg
Perezia nana Gray = Acourtia nana (Gray) Reveal & King
thurberi Gray = Acourtia thurberi (Gray) Reveal & King
wrightii Gray = Acourtia wrightii (Gray) Reveal & King
Pericome tail-leaf
caudata Gray [M&H; W&S]

169
 mountain tail-leaf
Pericome caudata Gray var. glandulosa (Goodman) Harrington
Pericome glandulosa Goodman
caudata Gray var. glandulosa (Goodman) Harrington = Pericome caudata Gray
glandulosa Goodman = Pericome caudata Gray
Perityle rock-daisy
Hall, H.H. & S. Flowers. 1961. Vascular plants found in the Navajo Reservoir Basin, pp. 47-87. IN: D.M. Pendergast
(ed.). Ecological studies of the flora and fauna of Navajo Reservoir Basin, Colorado and New Mexico. Univ.
Utah Anthropological Papers, number 55.
Hershey, A.L. 1940. Notes on New Mexico plants – II. Leaflets of Western Botany 2(15):257-258. [Perityle
quinqueflora]
Powell, A.M. 1973. Taxonomy of Perityle section Laphamia (Compositae- Helenieae- Peritylinae). Sida 5(2):61-128.
Todsen, T.K. 1973. Comments on New Mexico flora. Sida 5(2):135. [Perityle lemmonii]
Yarborough, S.C. & A.M. Powell. 2006. Perityle, pp. 317-334. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21. Oxford
University Press.
+cernua (Greene) Shinners [M&H; Todsen 1973; W&S]
Organ Mountain rock-daisy
Laphamia cernua Greene
congesta (M.E. Jones) Shinners : Reported by Hall & Flowers (1961, as Laphamia congesta M.E.
Jones), but this known only from Arizona; awaits verification.
coronopifolia Gray [M&H; W&S]
crow-foot rock-daisy
dissecta sensu M&H = Perityle lemmonii (Gray) MacBride
dissecta Torrey subsp. lemmonii (Gray) W.E. Niles = Perityle lemmonii (Gray) MacBride
lemmonii (Gray) MacBride [Todsen 1973]
Lemmon’s rock-daisy
Perityle dissecta sensu M&H
Perityle dissecta Torrey subsp. lemmonii (Gray) W.E. Niles
megalocephala (S. Watson) J.F. Macbride : Reported by Hall & Flowers (1961, as Laphamia
megalocephala), but this known only from California and Nevada; awaits
verification.
quinqueflora (Steyermark) Shinners [Hershey 1940; M&H]
five-flower rock-daisy
Laphamia quinqueflora Steyermark
+staurophylla (Barneby) Shinners var. homoflora Todsen [Todsen 1983]
New Mexico rock-daisy
+staurophylla (Barneby) Shinners var. staurophylla [M&H]
New Mexico rock-daisy
Laphamia staurophylla Barneby
Petradoria goldenrod
Anderson, L.C. 1963. Studies on Petradoria (Compositae): anatomy, cytology, taxonomy. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci.
66:632-684.
graminea Wooton & Standley = Petradoria pumila (Nuttall) Greene var. graminea (Wooton &
Standley) S.L. Welsh
pumila (Nuttall) Greene subsp. graminea (Wooton & Standley) L.C. Anderson = Petradoria pumila
(Nuttall) Greene var. graminea (Wooton & Standley) S.L. Welsh
pumila (Nuttall) Greene var. graminea (Wooton & Standley) S.L. Welsh [M&H; W&S]
grassy goldenrod
Petradoria graminea Wooton & Standley
Petradoria pumila (Nuttall) Greene subsp. graminea (Wooton & Standley) L.C.
Anderson
Solidago graminea (Wooton & Standley) Blake
pumila (Nuttall) Greene var. pumila [M&H; W&S]
rock goldenrod
Chrysoma pumila Nuttall
Solidago petradoria Blake
Picradenia helenioides Rydberg = Hymenoxys helenioides (Rydberg) Cockerell
richardsonii Hooker = Hymenoxys richardsonii (Hooker) Cockerell var. richardsonii
vaseyi (Gray) Greene = Hymenoxys vaseyi (Gray) Cockerell

170
Picradeniopsis false bahia
Steussy, T.R., R.S. Irving, and W.L. Ellison. 1973. Hybridization and evolution in Picradeniopsis (Compositae).
Brittonia 25:40-56.
dealbata (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Bahia absinthifolia Bentham
oppositifolia (Nuttall) Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
false bahia
Bahia oppositifolia (Nuttall) Gray
Trichophyllum oppositfolium Nuttall
woodhousei (Gray) Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
Woodhouse’s false bahia
Achyropappus woodhousei Gray
Bahia woodhousei (Gray) Gray
Picrothamnus desertorum Nuttall = Artemisia spinescens D.C. Eaton
Pinaropappus rock-lettuce
Hershey, A.L. & P.J. Leyendecker, Jr. 1944. Notes on plants of New Mexico—III. Leaflets of Western Botany
4(2):21-25. [Pinaropappus parvus]
parvus Blake [Hershey & Leyendecker 1944; M&H]
small rock-lettuce
roseus Lessing var. foliosus (Heller) Shinners = Pinaropappus roseus Lessing
roseus Lessing [M&H]
rock-lettuce
Pinaropappus roseus Lessing var. foliosus (Heller) Shinners
Platyschkuhria basin-daisy
Brown, G.K. 1983. Chromosome numbers in Platyschkuhria Rydberg (Compositae) and their systematic significance.
Amer. J. Bot. 70:591-601.
Ellison, W.L. 1964. A systematic study of the genus Bahia (Compositae). Rhodora 66:67-86, 177-215, 281-311.
Ellison, W.L. 1971. Taxonomy of Platyschkuhria (Compositae). Brittonia 23:269-279.
integrifolia (Gray) Rydberg var. oblongifolia (Gray) Ellison [M&H; W&S]
basin-daisy
Bahia oblongifolia Gray
Bahia nudicaulis Gray var. oblongifolia (Gray) Cronquist
Eriophyllum oblongifolium (Gray) Kuntze
Schkuhria integrifolia Gray var. oblongifolia Gray
Plectocephalus basketflower
Allred, K.W. & R. Lee. 1999. Knapweeds, starthistles, and basketflowers of New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist
10:1-4.
americanus (Nuttall) D. Don [Allred & Lee 1999; M&H; W&S]
American basketflower
Centaurea americana Nuttall
rothrockii (Greenman) D.J.N. Hind [Allred & Lee 1999; M&H]
Rothrock’s basketflower
Centaurea rothrockii Greenman
Pluchea arrow-weed
Gillis, W.T. 1977. Pluchea revisited. Taxon 26:587-591.
Nesom, G.L. 1989. New species, new sections, and a taxonomic overview of American Pluchea (Compositae:
Inuleae). Phytologia 67(2):158-167.
camphorata sensu W&S = Pluchea odorata (Linnaeus) Cassini
odorata (Linnaeus) Cassini [M&H; W&S]
sweet-scent
Pluchea camphorata sensu W&S
Pluchea purpurascens (Swartz) A.P. de Candolle
Conyza purpurascens Swartz
purpurascens (Swartz) A.P. de Candolle = Pluchea odorata (Linnaeus) Cassini
sericea (Nuttall) Cavanilles [M&H; W&S]
arrow-weed
Berthelotia sericea (Nuttall) Rydberg
Polypappus sericeus Nuttall
Tessaria sericea (Nuttall) Shinners

171
Plummera ambigens of NM authors = Hymenoxys ambigens (S.F. Blake) Bierner var. neomexicana
Wagner, Fletcher, & Shannon
Podospermum laciniatum (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle = Scorzonera laciniata Linnaeus
Polypappus sericeus Nuttall = Plucea sericea (Nuttall) Cavanilles
Polypteris hookeriana Gray = Palafoxia sphacelata (Nuttal ex Torrey) Cory
Porophyllum poreleaf
Johnson, R.R. 1969. Monograph of the plant genus Porophyllum (Compositae: Helenieae). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull.
48:225-267.
gracile Bentham [Johnson 1969; M&H]
slender poreleaf
macrocephalum A.P. de Candolle = Porophyllum ruderale (Jacquin) Cassini subsp. macrocephalum
(A.P. de Candolle) R.R. Johnson
ruderale (Jacquin) Cassini subsp. macrocephalum (A.P. de Candolle) R.R. Johnson
[M&H]
yerba porosa
Porophyllum macrocephalum A.P. de Candolle
scoparium Gray [Johnson 1969; M&H; W&S]
Trans-Pecos poreleaf
Prenanthella brightwhite
Tomb, A.S. 1972. Re-establishment of the genus Prenanthella Rydberg (Compositae: Cichorieae). Brittonia 24:223-
228.
exigua (Gray) Rydberg [M&H; Sivinski 1997; Spellenberg et al. 1986]
brightwhite
Lygodesmia exigua (Gray) Gray
Prenanthes exigua Gray
Prenanthes exigua Gray = Prenanthella exigua (Gray) Rydberg
juncea Pursh = Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hooker
pauciflora Torrey = Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torrey) A. Nelson
tenuifolia Torrey [not Linnaeus] = Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Rafinesque) Hall
Prionopsis ciliata Nuttall = Grindelia ciliata (Nuttall) Sprengel
Psacalium Indianbush
Barkley, T.M. 1999. The segregates of Senecio, s.l., and Cacalia, s.l., in the flora of North America north of Mexico.
Sida 18(3):661-672.
Robinson, H. and R.D. Brettell. 1973. Studeis in the Senecioneae (Asteraceae). III. The genus Psacalium. Phytologia
27(4):254-264.
decompositum (Gray) H.E. Robinson & Brett [M&H; W&S]
desert Indianbush
Cacalia decomposita Gray
Mesadenia decomposita (Gray) Standley
Psathyrotes annua (Nuttall) Gray : Reported by W&S based on erroneous information about the type
locality; not known from NM.
scaposa Gray = Psathyrotopsis scaposa (Gray) H. Robinson
Psathyrotopsis turtleback
Cronquist, A. 1994. Psathyrotes, pp. 101-102. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
Strother, J.L. & G. Pilz. 1975. Taxonomy of Psathyrotes (Compositae: Senecioneae). Madroño 23:24-40.
scaposa (Gray) H. Robinson [M&H]
naked turtleback
Psathyrotes scaposa Gray
Pseudoclappia clapdaisy
arenaria Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
Trans-Pecos clapdaisy
Clappia suaedifolia sensu W&S, not Gray
Pseudognaphalium rabbit-tobacco
Cronquist, A. 1994. Gnaphalium, pp. 362-366. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
McGrath, J. 2009. Plant distribution reports (Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum). The New Mexico Botanist 47:7.
Nesom, G.L. 2001. New records in Pseudognaphalium (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) for the United States. Sida
19(4):1185-1190.
Nesom, G.L. 2004. Pseudognaphalium canescens (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) and putative relatives in western North
America. Sida 21(2):781-789.
canescens (A.P. de Candolle) W.A. Weber [Nesom 2004; M&H]

172
 Wright’s rabbit-tobacco
Gnaphalium canescens A.P. de Candolle
Gnaphalium viridulum I. M. Johnston
Gnaphalium wrightii Gray
jaliscense (Greenman) A. Anderberg [Nesom 2001]
Jaliso rabbit-tobacco
Gnaphalium jaliscense Greenman
leucocephalum (Gray) A. Anderberg [McIntosh 1996]
white rabbit-tobacco
Gnaphalium leucocephalum Gray
*luteoalbum (Linnaeus) Hilliard & Burtt [McGrath 2009; Nesom 2001]
Jersey rabbit-tobacco
Gnaphalium luteoalbum Linnaeus
macounii (Greene) Kartesz [M&H]
Macoun’s rabbit-tobacco
Gnaphalium decurrens Ives
Gnaphalium macounii Greene
pringlei (Gray) A. Anderberg [M&H; Wagner 1979]
Pringle’s rabbit-tobacco
Gnaphalium pringlei Gray
stramineum (Kunth) W.A. Weber [M&H]
cotton-batting-plant
Gnaphalium chilense Sprengel
Gnaphalium stramineum Kunth
Gnaphalium sulphurescens Rydberg
viscosum sensu NM reports = Pseudognaphalium macounii (Greene) Kartesz
Psilactis ray-aster
Morgan, D.R. 1993. A molecular systematic study and taxonomic revision of Psilactis (Asteraceae: Astereae). Syst.
Bot. 18(2):290-308.
asteroides A. Gray [Morgan 1993; M&H; W&S]
New Mexico ray-aster
Aster boltoniae Greene
Machaeranthera boltoniae (Greene) Turner & Horne
brevilingulata Schultz-Bipontinus ex Hemsley [Morgan 1993]
Trans-Pecos ray-aster
Machaeranthera brevilingulata (Schultz-Bipontinus ex Hemsley) B.L. Turner & Horne
Psilostrophe paper-flower
Brown, R.C. 1978. Biosystematics of Psilostrophe (Compositae: Helenieae). II. Artificial hybridization and systematic
treatment. Madroño 25:187-201.
Turner, B.L., M.W. Turner, & J.C. Crutchfield. 1988. Populational analyses and new combinations in Psilostrophe
tagetina and P. gnaphalodes (Asteraceae, Heliantheae). Phytologia 65:231-237.
cooperi (Gray) Greene [M&H; W&S]
white-stem paper-flower
Riddellia cooperi Gray
grandiflora Rydberg = Psilostrophe tagetina (Nuttall) Greene
sparsiflora (Gray) A. Nelson [M&H; W&S]
green-stem paper-flower
Riddellia tagetina Nuttall var. sparsiflora Gray
tagetina (Nuttall) Greene var. grandiflora (Rydberg) Heiser = Psilostrophe tagetina (Nuttall) Greene
tagetina (Nuttall) Greene var. lanata A. Nelson = Psilostrophe tagetina (Nuttall) Greene
tagetina (Nuttall) Greene var. cerifera (A. Nelson) Turner = Psilostrophe villosa Rydberg
tagetina (Nuttall) Greene [M&H; W&S]
paper-flower
Psilostrophe grandiflora Rydberg
Psilostrophe tagetina (Nuttall) Greene var. grandiflora (Rydberg) Heiser
Psilostrophe tagetina (Nuttall) Greene var. lanata A. Nelson
Riddellia tagetina Nuttall
villosa Rydberg [M&H; Turner et al. 1988]

173
 wooly paper-flower
Psilostrophe tagetina (Nuttall) Greene var. cerifera (A. Nelson) B. Turner
Ptiloria bigelovii (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Stephanomeria exigua Nuttall
exigua (Nuttall) Greene = Stephanomeria exigua Nuttall
neomexicana Greene = Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Rafinesque) Hall
pauciflora (Torrey) Rafinesque = Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torrey) A. Nelson
ramosa Rydberg = Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Rafinesque) Hall
tenuifolia (Torrey) Rafinesque = Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Rafinesque) Hall
thurberi (Gray) Greene = Stephanomeria thurberi Gray
Pyrrhopappus false-dandelion
Correll, D.S. & M.C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. Texas Research Foundation, Renner,
Texas. [Pyrrhopappus grandiflorus]
Northington, D.K. 1974. Systematic studies of the genus Pyrrhopappus (Compositae, Cichorieae). Special Publ. No.
6. The Museum, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock.
Turner, B.L. and Ki-Soong Kim. 1990. An overview of the genus Pyrrhopappus (Asteraceae: Lactuceae) with
emphasis on chloroplast DNA restriction site data. Amer. J. Bot. 77:845-850.
grandiflorus (Nuttall) Nuttall : Reported by Correll & Johnston 1970, but no validating specimens
are known; awaits verification.
multicaulis A.P. de Candolle = Pyrrhopappus pauciflorus (D. Don) A.P. de Candolle
pauciflorus (D. Don) A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S]
Texas false-dandelion
Chondrilla pauciflora D. Don
Pyrrhopappus multicaulis A.P. de Candolle
Pyrrhopappus rothrockii A. Gray
Sitilias multicaulis (A.P. de Candolle) Greene
rothrockii A. Gray = Pyrrhopappus pauciflorus (D. Don) A.P. de Candolle
Pyrrocoma goldenweed
Lane, M.A. & R.L. Hartman. 1996. Reclassification of North American Haplopappus (Compositae: Astereae)
completed: Rayjacksonia gen. nov. Amer. J. Bot. 83(3):356-370.
amplectens Greene = Pyrrocoma crocea (Gray) Greene
crocea (Gray) Greene [M&H; W&S]
curly-head goldenweed
Haplopappus croceus Gray
Pyrrocoma amplectens Greene
Rafinesquia desert chicory
neomexicana Gray [M&H]
desert chicory, New Mexico plumeseed
Nemoseris neomexicana (Gray) Greene
Ratibida Mexican-hat
Richards, E.L. 1968. A monograph of the genus Ratibida. Rhodora 70:348-393.
columnaris (Sims) D. Don = Ratibida columnifera (Nuttall) Wooton & Standley forma columnifera
columnifera (Nuttall) Wooton & Standley forma columnifera [M&H; W&S]
Mexican-hat
Ratibida columnaris (Sims) D. Don
Rudbeckia columnaris Pursh
Rudbeckia columnifera Nuttall
columnifera (Nuttall) Wooton & Standley forma pulcherrima (A.P. de Candolle)
Fernald [M&H; W&S]
Mexican-hat
Obeliscaria pulcherrima A.P. de Candolle
Ratibida columnifera (Nuttall) Wooton & Standley [subsp.?] pulcherrima (A.P. de Candolle)
Wooton & Standley
columnifera (Nuttall) Wooton & Standley [subsp.?] pulcherrima (A.P. de Candolle) Wooton & Standley =
Ratibida columnifera (Nuttall) Wooton & Standley forma pulcherrima (A.P. de
Candolle) Fernald
tagetes (James) Barnhart [M&H; W&S]
green Mexican-hat
Ratibida tagetes (James) Barnhart var. cinera Standley
Rudbeckia tagetes James

174
 tagetes (James) Barnhart var. cinera Standley = Ratibida tagetes (James) Barnhart
Rayjacksonia camphor-daisy
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Rayjacksonia annua]
Lane, M.A. & R.L. Hartman. 1996. Reclassification of North American Haplopappus (Compositae: Astereae)
completed: Rayjacksonia gen. nov. Amer. J. Bot. 83(3):356-370.
annua (Rydberg) Hartman & Lane [Allred 1999]
camphor-daisy
Haplopappus phyllocephalus A.P. de Candolle subsp. annuus (Rydberg) Hall
Sideranthus annuus Rydberg
Riddellia cooperi Gray = Psilostrophe cooperi (Gray) Greene
tagetina Nuttall = Psilostrophe tagetina (Nuttall) Greene
tagetina Nuttall var. sparsiflora Gray = Psilostrophe sparsiflora (Gray) A. Nelson
Roldana hairwort
Funston, A.M. 2006. Roldana, p. 620-621. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 20. Oxford University Press.
hartwegii (Bentham) H. Robinson & Brettell [Funston 2006]
yellow hairwort
Senecio hartwegii Bentham
Rothia flavescens = Hymenopappus flavescens Gray var. flavescens
mexicana (Gray) Kuntze = Hymenopappus mexicanus Gray
tenuifolia Kuntze = Hymenopappus tenuifolius Pursh
Rudbeckia coneflower
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233.
ampla A. Nelson = Rudbeckia laciniata Linnaeus var. ampla (A. Nelson) Cronquist
amplexicaulis Vahl [M&H; W&S]
clasping coneflower
Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cassini
columnaris Pursh = Ratibida columnifera (Nuttall) Wooton & Standley
columnifera Nuttall = Ratibida columnifera (Nuttall) Wooton & Standley
flava Moore = Rudbeckia hirta Linnaeus
hirta Linnaeus var. pulcherrima Farwell [M&H; W&S]
black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia flava Moore
laciniata Linnaeus var. ampla (A. Nelson) Cronquist [M&H; W&S]
green-head coneflower
Rudbeckia ampla A. Nelson
Rudbeckia latissima Greene
laciniata Linnaeus var. laciniata [Hartman et al. 2006]
green-head coneflower
latissima Greene = Rudbeckia laciniata Linnaeus
tagetes James = Ratibida tagetes (James) Barnhart
Rydbergia brandegei (Porter) Rydberg = Hymenoxys brandegei (Porter ex Gray) Parker
Sanvitalia Abert’s dome
Torres, A.M. 1964. Revision of Sanvitalia (Compositae – Heliantheae). Brittonia 16:417-433.
abertii Gray [M&H; Torres 1964]
Abert’s dome
Sartwellia sartwellia
Turner, B.L. 1971. Taxonomy of Sartwellia (Compositae, Helenieae). Sida 4:265-273.
flaveriae Gray [M&H; Turner 1971]
sartwellia
Scabrethia scabra (Hooker) W.A. Weber subsp. attenuata (W.A. Weber) W.A. Weber = Wyethia scabra
Hooker var. attenuata W.A. Weber
scabra (Hooker) W.A. Weber subsp. canescens (W.A. Weber) W.A. Weber = Wyethia scabra
Hooker var. canescens W.A. Weber
Schkuhria threadleaf
Ellison, W.L. 1964. A systematic study of the genus Bahia (Compositae). Rhodora 66:67-86, 177-215, 281-311.
Heiser, C.B., Jr. 1945. A revision of the genus Schkuhria. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 313:279-301.
integrifolia Gray var. oblongifolia Gray = Platyschkuhria integrifolia (Gray) Rydberg var.
oblongifolia (Gray) Ellison

175
 multiflora Hooker & Arnott [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico threadleaf
Achyropappus neomexicanus Gray
Bahia neomexicana (Gray) Gray
Cephalobembix neomexicana (Gray) Rydberg
Schkuhria neomexicana Gray
neomexicana Gray = Schkuhria multiflora Hooker & Arnott
pinnata (Lamarck) Kuntze ex Thellung var. wislizeni (Gray) B.L. Turner [M&H; W&S]
Wislizenus’s threadleaf
Schkuhria wislizeni Gray
Schkuhria wislizeni Gray var. frustrata Blake
Schkihria wislizeni Gray var. wrightii (Gray) Blake
Schkuhria wrightii Gray
wislizeni Gray = Schkuhria pinnata (Lamarck) Kuntze ex Thellung var. wislizeni (Gray) B.L. Turner
wislizeni Gray var. frustrata Blake = Schkuhria pinnata (Lamarck) Kuntze ex Thellung var. wislizeni
(Gray) B.L. Turner
wislizeni Gray var. wrightii (Gray) Blake = Schkuhria pinnata (Lamarck) Kuntze ex Thellung var.
wislizeni (Gray) B.L. Turner
wrightii Gray = Schkuhria pinnata (Lamarck) Kuntze ex Thellung var. wislizeni (Gray) B.L. Turner
Scorzonera vipergrass
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, & R. Peterson. 1994. Additions to the native and adventive flora of New Mexico. Phytologia
76(6):473-479. [Scorzonera laciniata]
*laciniata Linnaeus [Sivinski et al. 1994]
false salsify, cut-leaf vipergrass
Podospermum laciniatum (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle
Selloa glutinosa Sprengel = Gymnosperma glutinosum (Sprengel) Lessing
Senecio groundsel
Barkley, T.M. 1962. A revision of Senecio aureus Linn. and allied species. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 65:318-408.
Barkley, T.M. 1978. Senecio, N. Amer. Fl. II (10):50-139.
Barkley, T.M. 1980. Taxonomic notes on Senecio tomentosus and its allies (Asteraceae). Brittonia 32(3):291-308.
Barkley, T.M. 1989. New taxa and nomenclatural combinations in Senecio in Mexico and the United States.
Phytologia 67(3):237-253.
Barkley, T.M. 1999. The segregates of Senecio, s.l., and Cacalia, s.l., in the flora of North America north of Mexico.
Sida 18(3):661-672.
Barkley, T.M. 2006. Senecio, p. 544-570. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 20. Oxford University Press.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Senecio serra admirabilis]
Mahoney, A.K., V.W. Kong, & R.R. Kowal. 2002. Documented chromosome numbers 2002:3. Chromosome counts
for Packera paupercula var. appalachiana (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). Sida 20(2):605-610. [Senecio
plattensis]
Peterson, R.S. 2005. Lost: One groundsel. The New Mexico Botanist 32:8. [Senecio millelobatus]
Turner, B.L. and T.M. Barkley. 1990. Taxonomic overview of the Senecio flaccidus complex in North America,
including S. douglasii. Phytologia 68(6):51-55.
accedens Greene = Senecio bigelovii Gray var. hallii Gray
actinella Greene [M&H; W&S]
Flagstaff groundsel
Senecio actinella Greene var. mogollonicus (Greene) Greenman
Senecio mogollonicus Greene
actinella Greene var. mogollonicus (Greene) Greenman = Senecio actinella Greene
acutidens Rydberg = Packera streptanthifolia (Greene) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
admirabilis Greene = Senecio serra Hooker var. admirabilis (Greene) A. Nelson
ambrosioides Rydberg = Senecio eremophilus Richardson var. kingii (Rydberg) Greenman
amplectens Gray var. amplectens [M&H; W&S]
alpine groundsel
Ligularia amplectens (Gray) W.A. Weber
amplectens A. Gray var. holmii (Greene) Harrington [Sivinski et al. 1995]
alpine groundsel
Ligularia holmii (Greene) W.A. Weber
amplectens Gray var. taraxacoides Gray = Senecio taraxacoides (Gray) Greene
anacletus Greene = Senecio wootonii Greene
arizonicus Greene : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.

176
atratus Greene [M&H; W&S]
black-tip groundsel
aureus Linnaeus var. alpinus Gray = Packera werneriifolia (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
bigelovii Gray var. bigelovii [M&H; W&S]
Bigelow’s groundsel
Ligularia bigelovii (Gray) W.A. Weber
Senecio chloranthus Greene
Senecio rusbyi Greene
bigelovii Gray var. hallii Gray [M&H; W&S]
Hall’s groundsel
Ligularia bigelovii (Gray) W.A. Weber var. hallii (Gray) W.A. Weber
Senecio accedens Greene
Senecio scopulinus Greene
blitoides Greene = Senecio fremontii Torrey & Gray var. blitoides (Greene) Cronquist
canovirens Rydberg = Packera fendleri (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
canus Hooker = Packera cana (Hooker) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
cardamine Greene = Packera cardamine (Greene) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
carthamoides Greene = Senecio fremontii Torrey & Gray var. blitoides (Greene) Cronquist
cernuus Gray = Senecio pudicus Greene
chloranthus Greene = Senecio bigelovii Gray var. bigelovii
cliffordii Atwood & Welsh = Packera spellenbergii (T.M. Barkley) C. Jeffrey
crassulus Gray [M&H; W&S]
thick-leaf groundsel
Senecio lapathifolius Greene
crocatus Rydberg = Packera crocata (Rydberg) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
cymbalarioides Nuttall (not S. cymbalarioides Huek) = Packera streptanthifolia (Nuttall) W.A.
Weber & A. Löve
cynthioides Greene = Packera cynthioides (Greene) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
dimorphophyllus Greene = Packera dimorphophylla (Greene) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
douglasii A.P. de Candolle var. douglasii = Senecio flaccidus Lessing var. douglasii (A.P. de
Candolle) B. Turner & T. Barkley
douglasii A.P. de Candolle var. longilobus (Bentham) L. Benson = Senecio flaccidus Lessing var.
flaccidus
douglasii A.P. de Candolle var. var. monoensis (Greene) Jepson = Senecio flaccidus Lessing var.
monoensis (Greene) B.L. Turner & T. Barkley
eremophilus Richardson var. kingii (Rydberg) Greenman [M&H; W&S]
mountain groundsel
Senecio ambrosioides Rydberg non Martius
Senecio eremophilus Richardson subsp. kingii (Rydberg) Douglas & R.-Douglas
Senecio kingii Rydberg
eremophilus Richardson var. macdougalii (Heller) Cronquist [Barkley 2006]
mountain groundsel
Senecio macdougalii Heller
eremophilus Richardson subsp. kingii (Rydberg) Douglas & R.-Douglas = Senecio eremophilus
Richardson var. kingii (Rydberg) Greenman
eurypterus Greenman = Packera neomexicana (Greenman) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var.
neomexicana
fendleri Gray = Packera fendleri (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
filifolius Nuttall = Senecio flaccidus Lessing var. flaccidus
filifolius Nuttall var. jamesii Torrey & Gray = Senecio flaccidus Lessing var. flaccidus
flaccidus Lessing var. douglasii (A.P. de Candolle) B. Turner & T. Barkley : Restricted to
California and western Mexico by Barkley (2000).
Senecio douglasii A.P. de Candolle
flaccidus Lessing var. flaccidus [M&H; W&S]
thread-leaf groundsel
Senecio douglasii A.P. de Candolle var. longilobus (Bentham) L. Benson
Senecio filifolius Nuttall
Senecio filifolius Nuttall var. jamesii Torrey & Gray

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 Senecio longilobus Bentham
flaccidus Lessing var. monoensis (Greene) B. Turner & T. Barkley [Turner & Barkley 1990]
thread-leaf groundsel
Senecio douglasii A.P. de Candolle var. monoensis (Greene) Jepson
Senecio monoensis Greene
flavovirens Rydberg = Packera paupercula (Michaux) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
flavulus Greene = Packera pseudaurea (Rydberg) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var. flavula (Greene)
Trock & Barkley
fremontii Torrey & Gray var. blitoides (Greene) Cronquist [M&H; W&S]
Fremont’s groundsel
Senecio blitoides Greene
Senecio carthamoides Greene
hartianus Heller = Packera hartiana (Heller) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
hartwegii Bentham = Roldana hartwegii (Bentham) H. Robinson & Brettell
integerrimus Nuttall var. integerrimus [Sivinski et al. 1995]
lamb-tongue groundsel
kingii Rydberg = Senecio eremophilus Richardson var. kingii (Rydberg) Greenman
lapathifolius Greene = Senecio crassulus Gray
longilobus Bentham = Senecio flaccidus Lessing var. flaccidus
macdougalii Heller = Senecio eremophilus Richardson var. macdougalii (Heller) Cronquist
metcalfei Greene = Packera neomexicanus (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var. mutabilis (Greene)
W.A. Weber & A. Löve
microdontus (Gray) Heller = Senecio wootonii Greene
millelobatus Rydberg : Reported for NM in M&H and W&S, based on a Charles Wright collection
thought to be from NM, but now known to be from Texas; no specimens of this are
known from the state [Peterson 2005].
Packera millelobata (Rydberg) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
mogollonicus Greene = Senecio actinella Greene var. mogollonicus (Greene) Greenman
monoensis Greene = Senecio flaccidus Lessing var. monoensis (Greene) B.L. Turner & T. Barkley
multicapitatus Greenman ex Rydberg = Senecio spartioides Torrey & Gray
multilobatus Torrey & Gray ex Gray = Packera multilobata (Torrey & Gray ex Gray) W.A. Weber &
A. Löve
mutabilis Greene = Packera neomexicana (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var. mutabilis (Greene)
W.A. Weber & A. Löve
neomexicanus Gray var. metcalfei (Greene) T.M. Barkley = Packera neomexicana (Gray) W.A.
Weber & A. Löve var. mutabilis (Greene) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
neomexicanus Gray var. mutabilis (Greene) T.M. Barkley = Packera neomexicana (Gray) W.A.
Weber & A. Löve var. mutabilis (Greene) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
neomexicanus Gray = Packera neomexicana (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var. neomexicana
neomexicanus Gray var. toumeyi (Greene) T.M. Barkley = Packera neomexicana (Gray) W.A.
Weber & A. Löve var. toumeyi (Greene) Trock & Barkley
oblanceolatus Rydberg = Packera thurberi (Gray) B.L. Turner
obovatus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow = Packera obovata (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) W.A. Weber
& A. Löve
oresbius Greenman = Packera neomexicana (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve var. neomexicana
parryi Gray [M&H; W&S]
Parry’s groundsel
pauperculus Michaux = Packera paupercula (Michaux) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
pentadontus Greene = Packera werneriifolia (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
plattensis Nuttall = Packera plattensis (Nuttall) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
pseudaureus Rydberg var. flavulus (Greene) Greenman = Packera pseudaurea (Rydberg) W.A.
Weber & A. Löve var. flavula (Greene) Trock & Barkley
pudicus Greene [M&H; W&S]
bashful groundsel
Ligularia pudica (Greene) W.A. Weber
Senecio cernuus Gray
quaerens Greene = Packera hartiana (A. Heller) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
quercetorum Greene = Packera quercetorum (Greene) C. Jeffrey
remifolius Wooton & Standley = Packera thurberi (Gray) B.L. Turner

178
 riddellii Torrey & Gray [M&H; W&S]
Riddell’s groundsel
Senecio spartioides Torrey & Gray var. riddellii (Torrey & Gray) Greenman
rusbyi Greene = Senecio bigelovii Gray var. bigelovii
+sacramentanus Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
Sacramento Mountain groundsel
salignus A.P. de Candolle = Barkleyanthus salicifolius (Kunth) H. Robinson & Brettell
sanguisorboides Rydberg = Packera sanguisorboides (Rydberg) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
saxosus Klatt = Packera werneriifolia (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
scopulinus Greene = Senecio bigelovii Gray var. hallii Gray
serra Hooker var. admirabilis (Greene) A. Nelson [Heil et al. 2002]
tall groundsel
Senecio admirabilis Greene
soldanella Gray : Reported by Spellenberg et al. 1986, but the specimen in question is correctly
identified as Senecio amplectens A. Gray var. holmii (Greene) Harrington (fide
Chick Keller 2009).
Ligularia soldanella (Gray) W.A. Weber
spartioides Torrey & Gray [M&H; W&S]
broom groundsel
Senecio multicapitatus Greenman ex Rydberg
Senecio spartioides Torrey & Gray var. multicapitatus (Greenman ex Rydberg) S.L.
Welsh
spartioides Torrey & Gray var. multicapitatus (Greenman ex Rydberg) S.L. Welsh = Senecio
spartioides Torrey & Gray
spartioides Torrey & Gray var. riddellii (Torrey & Gray) Greenman = Senecio riddellii Torrey &
Gray
spellenbergii T.M. Barkley = Packera spellenbergii (T.M. Barkley) C. Jeffrey
streptanthifolius Greene = Packera streptanthifolia (Greene) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
taraxacoides (Gray) Greene [M&H; W&S]
dandelion groundsel
Ligularia taraxacoides (Gray) W.A. Weber
Senecio amplectens Gray var. taraxacoides Gray
thurberi Gray = Packera thurberi (Gray) B.L. Turner
toluccanus var. microdontus Gray = Senecio wootonii Greene
triangularis Hooker [M&H; W&S]
arrow-leaf groundsel
tridenticulatus Rydberg = Packera thurberi (Gray) B.L. Turner
*vulgaris Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
old-man-in-the-spring, common groundsel
warnockii Shinners [Barkley 2006]
Warnock’s groundsel
werneriifolius (Gray) Gray = Packera werneriifolia (Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Löve
wootonii Greene [M&H; W&S]
Wooton’s groundsel
Senecio anacletus Greene
Senecio microdontus (Gray) Heller, not Senecio microdontus Baker
Senecio toluccanus var. microdontus Gray
Serratula arvensis Linnaeus = Cirsium arvensis (Linnaeus) Scopoli
Seriphidium bigelovii (Gray) K. Bremer & Humphries = Artemisia bigelovii Gray
novum (A. Nelson) W.A. Weber = Artemisia nova A. Nelson
pygmaeum (A. Gray) W.A. Weber = Artemisia pygmaea A. Gray
tridentatum (Nuttall) W.A. Weber = Artemisia tridentata Nuttall
tidentatum (Nuttall) W.A. Weber subsp. wyomingense (Beetle & A.M. Young) W.A. Weber =
Artemisia tridentata Nuttall subsp. wyomingensis Beetle & A.M. Young
vaseyanum (Rydberg) W.A. Weber = Artemisia tridentata Nuttall subsp. vaseyana (Rydberg) Beetle
Sideranthus annuus Rydberg = Rayjacksonia annua (Rydberg) Hartman & Lane
australis (Greene) Rydberg = Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var. spinulosum
glaberrimus Rydberg = Xanthisma glaberrimum (Rydberg) Nesom & O’Kennon

179
 gracilis (Nuttall) Rydberg = Xanthisma gracile (Nuttall) Morgan & Hartman
grindelioides Nuttall = Xanthisma grindelioides (Nuttall) Morgan & Hartman
laevis Wooton & Standley = Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var. spinulosum
serratus (Greene) Standley = Xanthisma blephariphyllum (Gray) Morgan & Hartman
spinulosus (Pursh) Sweet ex Rydberg = Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var.
spinulosum
viscidus Wooton & Standley = Xanthisma viscidum (Wooton & Standley) Morgan & Hartman
wootonii (Greene) Standley = Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var. spinulosum
Silphium compass-plant
Clevinger, J.A. 2006. Silphium, pp. 77-82. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21. Oxford University Press. [Silphium
integrifolium]
Heil, K. & A. Clifford. 2003. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 28:8. [Silphium laciniatum]
*integrifolium Michaux var. laeve Torrey & Gray [Clevinger 2006]
smooth compass-plain
*laciniatum Linnaeus [Heil & Clifford 2003]
compass-plant
peristenium Rafinesque = Engelmannia peristenia (Rafinesque) Goodman & Lawson
Silybum milk-thistle
Moore, R.J. & C. Frankton. 1974. The thistles of Canada. Res. Branch, Canada Dept. Agr., Monogr. No. 10.
*marianum (Linnaeus) Gaertner [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
blessed milk-thistle
Carduus marianus Linnaeus
Simsia bush-sunflower
Spooner, D.M. 1990. Systematics of Simsia (Compositae-Heliantheae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 30:1-90.
Worthington, R.D. 2002. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 22:7. [Simsia lagascaeformis]
calva (Engelmann & Gray) Gray [Spooner 1990]
bush-sunflower
Barrattia calva Engelmann & Gray
exaristata Gray = Simsia lagasceiformis A.P. de Candolle
lagasceiformis A.P. de Candolle [Spooner 1990; Worthington 2002]
bush-sunflower
Encelia exaristata (Gray) Gray
Simsia exaristata Gray
scaposa Gray = Encelia scaposa (Gray) Gray
Sitilias multicaulis (A.P. de Candolle) Greene = Pyrrhopappus pauciflorus (D. Don) A.P. de Candolle
Solidago goldenrod
Cockerell, T.D.A. & D.M. Andrews. 1936. A new goldenrod from northern New Mexico. Torreya 36(2):35-36.
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 38:7. [Solidago lepida salebrosa]
Keller, C.F. 1999. New Mexico Solidagos: A preliminary look at a difficult problem, with a tentative key. The New
Mexico Botanist 11:1-5.
Nesom, G.L. 1989. Taxonomy of Solidago velutina with a new, related species from Mexico. Phytologia 67(6):441-
450.
Nesom, G.L. 1989. Solidago simplex, the correct name for S. glutinosa. Phytologia 68:155-157.
Nesom, G.L. 1993. Taxonomic infrastructure of Solidago and Oligoneuron (Asteraceae: Astereae) and observations
on their phylogenetic position. Phytologia 75(1):1-44.
Nesom, G.L. 2008. Taxonomic review of Solidago petiolaris and S. wrightii (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytologia
90(1):21-35. [Solidago wrightii guadalupensis]
Ringius, G.S. 1991. New combinations in Solidago simplex. Phytologia 70:396-399.
Ringius, G.S. & J.C. Semple. 1987. Cytogeography of Solidago spathulata-glutinosa complex. Can. J. Bot. 65:2459-
2462.
Semple, J.C. 2003. New names and combinations in goldenrods, Solidago (Asteraceae: Astereae). Sida 20(4):1605-
1606.
Semple, J.C., J.G. Chmielewski, & R.A. Brammel. 1990. A multivariate morphometric study of Solidago nemoralis
(Compositae-Astereae) and comparison with S. californica and S. sparsiflora. Can. J. Bot. 68:2070-2082.
Semple, J.C. & R.E. Cook. 2006. Solidago, p. 107-166. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 20. Oxford University Press,
New York.
Taylor, C. & J. Taylor. 1983. New species, new combinations and notes on the goldenrods (Euthamia and Solidago-
Asteraceae). Sida 10(2):176-183.
Taylor, C. & J. Taylor. 1984. Solidago in Oklahoma and Texas. Sida 10:176-251.
altissima Linnaeus subsp. gilvocanescens (Rydberg) Semple [M&H; W&S]
tall goldenrod
Solidago canadensis Linnaeus var. gilvocanescens Rydberg

180
 Solidago gilvocanescens (Rydberg) Smith
arizonica (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Solidago velutina A.P. de Candolle subsp. sparsiflora (Gray)
Semple
aureola Greene = Solidago simplex Kunth var. simplex
bigelovii Gray = Solidago wrightii Gray var. wrightii
canadensis Linnaeus s.s. : Reported by numerous authors for western states, but I follow the narrow
circumscription of Semple & Cook (2006), who show its nearest occurrence in
Nebraska; NM material called this is most likely referred to Solidago lepida A.P. de
Candolle, or two other species of the subsection Triplinerviae, Solidago altissima
Linnaeus and Solidago gigantea Aiton.
canadensis sensu western authors = Solidago lepida A.P. de Candolle
canadensis Linnaeus var. arizonica Gray = Solidago velutina A.P. de Candolle subsp. sparsiflora
(Gray) Semple
canadensis Linnaeus var. gilvocanescens Rydberg = Solidago altissima Linnaeus subsp.
gilvocanescens (Rydberg) Semple
capulinensis Cockerell & Andrews = Solidago nemoralis Aiton var. decemflora (A.P. de Candolle)
Fernald
ciliosa Greene = Solidago multiradiata Aiton
decemflora A.P. de Candolle = Solidago nemoralis Aiton var. decemflora (A.P. de Candolle) Fernald
decumbens Greene = Solidago simplex Kunth var. simplex
decumbens Greene var. oreophila (Rydberg) Fernald = Solidago simplex Kunth var. simplex
gigantea Aiton [M&H; W&S]
late goldenrod
Solidago gigantea Aiton var. leiophylla Fernald
Solidago pitcheri Nuttall
gigantea Aiton var. leiophylla Fernald = Solidago gigantea Aiton
gilvocanescens (Rydberg) Smith = Solidago altissima Linnaeus subsp. gilvocanescens (Rydberg)
Semple
glaberrima Martens = Solidago missouriensis Nuttall var. fasciculata Holzinger
glutinosa Nuttall = Solidago simplex Kunth var. simplex
graminea (Wooton & Standley) Blake = Petradoria pumila (Nuttall) Greene subsp. graminea
(Wooton & Standley) L.C. Anderson
howellii Wooton & Standley = Solidago velutina A.P. de Candolle subsp. sparsiflora (Gray) Semple
lepida A.P. de Candolle var. lepida [Semple & Cook 2006]
western goldenrod
Solidago canadensis sensu western authors
lepida A.P. de Candolle var. salebrosa (Piper) Semple [Heil 2007; Semple & Cook 2006]
western goldenrod
Solidago canadensis sensu western authors
Solidago serotina Retz. var. salebrosa Piper
marshallii Rothrock = Solidago missouriensis Nuttall var. missouriensis
missouriensis Nuttall var. fasciculata Holzinger [M&H; W&S]
Missouri goldenrod
Solidago glaberrima Martens
missouriensis Nuttall var. missouriensis [M&H; W&S]
Missouri goldenrod
Solidago marshallii Rothrock
missouriensis Nuttall var. tenuissima (Wooton & Standley) C. & J. Taylor [M&H; W&S]
Missouri goldenrod
Solidago tenuissima Wooton & Standley
mollis Bartling [M&H]
velvet goldenrod
multiradiata Aiton [M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain goldenrod
Solidago ciliosa Greene
Solidago scopulorum (Gray) A. Nelson
nana Nuttall [Cronquist 1994; Keller 1999]
baby goldenrod

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nemoralis Aiton var. decemflora (A.P. de Candolle) Fernald [M&H]
gray goldenrod
Solidago capulinensis Cockerell & Andrews
Solidago decemflora A.P. de Candolle
Solidago nemoralis Aiton var. longipetiolata (Mackenzie & Bush) Palmer & Steyermark
Solidago nemoralis Aiton subsp. decemflora (A.P. de Candolle) Brammall ex Semple
nemoralis Aiton subsp. decemflora (A.P. de Candolle) Brammall ex Semple = Solidago nemoralis
Aiton var. decemflora (A.P. de Candolle) Fernald
nemoralis Aiton var. longipetiolata (Mackenzie & Bush) Palmer & Steyermark = Solidago
nemoralis Aiton var. decemflora (A.P. de Candolle) Fernald
neomexicana Gray = Solidago simplex Kunth var. simplex
occidentalis (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray = Euthamia occidentalis Nuttall
oreophila Rydberg = Solidago simplex Kunth var. simplex
parryi (Gray) Greene = Oreochrysum parryi (Gray) Rydberg
petiolaris Aiton [Gleason 1963; Semple & Cook 2006]
downy goldenrod
Solidago petiolaris Aiton var. angusta (Torrey & Gray) Gray
petiolaris Aiton var. angusta (Torrey & Gray) Gray = Solidago petiolaris Aiton
petradoria Blake = Petradoria pumila (Nuttall) Greene subsp. pumila
pitcheri Nuttall = Solidago gigantea Aiton
rigida Linnaeus subsp. humilis (Porter) S.B. Heard & Semple = Solidago rigida Linnaeus var.
humilis Porter
rigida Linnaeus var. humilis Porter [M&H; Taylor & Taylor 1984; W&S]
hard-leaf goldenrod
Oligoneuron canescens Rydberg
Oligoneuron rigidum (Linnaeus) T.C. Porter
Oligoneuron rigidum (Linnaeus) Small var. humile (Porter) Nesom
Solidago rigida Linnaeus subsp. humils (Porter) S.B. Heard & Semple
sarothrae Pursh = Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby
scopulorum (Gray) A. Nelson = Solidago multiradiata Aiton
serotina Retz. var. salebrosa Piper = Solidago lepida A.P. de Candolle var. salebrosa (Piper) Semple
simplex Kunth var. nana (Gray) Ringius : Restricted in concept by Ringius and Semple (1987) and
endemic to the Pacific Northwest; NM material referred to Solidago simplex Kunth
var. simplex.
Solidago spathulata A.P. de Candolle var. nana (Gray) Cronquist
simplex Kunth var. simplex [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico goldenrod
Solidago aureola Greene
Solidago decumbens Greene
Solidago decumbens Greene var. oreophila (Rydberg) Fernald
Solidago glutinosa Nuttall
Solidago neomexicana Gray
Solidago oreophila Rydberg
Solidago spathulata A.P. de Candolle subsp. glutinosa (Nuttall) Keck
Solidago spathulata A.P. de Candolle var. neomexicana (Gray) Cronquist
sparsiflora Gray = Solidago velutina A.P. de Candolle subsp. sparsiflora (Gray) Semple
spathulata A.P. de Candolle subsp. glutinosa (Nuttall) Keck = Solidago simplex Kunth var. simplex
spathulata A.P. de Candolle var. nana (Gray) Cronquist = Solidago simplex Kunth var. nana (Gray)
Ringius
spathulata A.P. de Candolle var. neomexicana (Gray) Cronquist = Solidago simplex Kunth var.
simplex
speciosa Nuttall var. subsp. pallida (Porter) Semple = Solidago speciosa Nuttall var. pallida Porter
speciosa Nuttall var. pallida Porter [Sivinski et al. 1995]
showy goldenrod
Solidago speciosa Nuttall var. subsp. pallida (Porter) Semple
tenuissima Wooton & Standley = Solidago missouriensis Nuttall var. tenuissima (Wooton &
Standley) C.&J. Taylor
trinervata Greene = Solidago velutina A.P. de Candolle subsp. sparsiflora (Gray) Semple
velutina A.P. de Candolle subsp. sparsiflora (Gray) Semple [M&H; W&S]

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 three-nerved goldenrod
Solidago arizonica (Gray) Wooton & Standley
Solidago canadensis Linnaeus var. arizonica Gray
Solidago howellii Wooton & Standley
Solidago sparsiflora Gray
Solidago trinervata Greene
wrightii Gray forma adenophora (Blake) Nesom [M&H]
Wright’s goldenrod
Solidago wrightii Gray var. adenophora Blake
wrightii Gray var. adenophora Blake = Solidago wrightii Gray forma adenophora (Blake) Nesom
wrightii Gray var. guadalupensis Nesom [Nesom 2008]
Wright’s goldenrod
wrightii Gray var. wrightii [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s goldenrod
Solidago bigelovii Gray
Sonchus sow-thistle
Boulos, L. 1972-74. Révision systématique du genere Sonchus Linnaeus. Bot. Not. 125:287-319; 126:155-196; 127:7-
37, 402-451.
Heil, K. & S. O'Kane. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 41:7. [Sonchus arvensis uliginosus]
*arvensis Linnaeus subsp. arvensis [M&H; W&S]
field sow-thistle
*arvensis Linnaeus subsp. ulignosus (Bieberstein) Nyman [Heil & O’Kane 2007]
marsh sowthistle
Sonchus uliginosus Bieberstein
*asper (Linnaeus) Hill [M&H; W&S]
spiny-leaf sow-thistle
biennis Moench = Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fernald
ludovicianus Nuttall = Lactuca ludoviciana (Nuttall) Riddell
*oleraceus Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
common sow-thistle
pulchellus Pursh = Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle
uliginosus Bieberstein = Sonchus arvensis Linnaeus subsp. uliginosus (Bieberstein) Nyman
Stenotus goldenweed
Lane, M.A. & R.L. Hartman. 1996. Reclassification of North American Haplopappus (Compositae: Astereae)
completed: Rayjacksonia gen. nov. Amer. J. Bot. 83(3):356-370.
armerioides Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
mock goldenweed
Haplopappus armerioides (Nuttall) Gray
pygmaeus Torrey & Gray = Tonestus pygmaeus (Torrey & Gray) A. Nelson
Stephanomeria wire-lettuce
Gottlieb, L.D. 1972. A proposal for the classification of the annual species of Stephanomeria (Compositae). Madroño
21:463-481.
Gottlieb, L.B. 2006. Stephanomeria, p. 350-359. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 19. Oxford University Press, New
York.
exigua Nuttall subsp. exigua [M&H; W&S]
twiggy wire-lettuce
Hemiptilium bigelovii Gray
Lygodesmia bigelovii (Gray) Shinners
Ptiloria bigelovii (Gray) Wooton & Standley
Ptiloria exigua (Nuttall) Greene
tenuifolia (Rafinesque) Hall = Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Rafinesque) Hall
neomexicana (Greene) Cory = Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Rafinesque) Hall
pauciflora (Torrey) A. Nelson [M&H; W&S]
few-flowered wire-lettuce
Prenanthes pauciflora Torrey
Ptiloria pauciflora (Torrey) Rafinesque
ramosa (Rydberg) Kittell = Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Rafinesque) Hall

183
 runcinata Nuttall : Reported by the map in Gottlieb (2006), but the map is an erroneous duplicate of
that for Stephanomeria pauciflora.
tenuifolia (Rafinesque) Hall [M&H; W&S]
lesser wire-lettuce
Lygodesmia minor Hooker [1833]
Lygodesmia wrightii (Gray) Shinners
Prenanthes tenuifolia Torrey [not Prenanthes tenuifolia Linnaeus]
Ptiloria neomexicana Greene
Ptiloria ramosa Rydberg
Ptiloria tenuifolia Rafinesque [1832]
Stephanomeria minor (Hooker) Nuttall
Stephanomeria neomexicana (Greene) Cory
Stephanomeria ramosa (Rydberg) Kittell
Stephanomeria wrightii Gray
thurberi Gray [M&H; W&S]
Thurber’s wire-lettuce
Lygodesmia thurberi (Gray) Shinners
Ptiloria thurberi (Gray) Greene
wrightii Gray = Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Rafinesque) Hall
Stevia candyleaf
Nesom, G.L. 2006. Stevia, pp. 483-486. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21. Oxford University Press, New York.
[Stevia salicifolia]
Nesom, G.L. & B.L. Turner. 2006. New distribution records for Eupatorieae (Asteraceae) in the United States. Sida
22(2):1249-1253.
Robinson, B.L. 1930. The stevias of North America. Contr. Gray herb. 90:90-159.
micrantha Lagasca [M&H; W&S]
annual candyleaf
plummerae Gray [M&H; W&S]
Plummer’s candyleaf
salicifolia Cavanilles [Nesom 2006; Nesom & Turner 2006]
willow-leaf candyleaf
serrata Cavanilles [M&H; W&S]
saw-tooth candyleaf
sphacelata Nuttall ex Torrey = Palafoxia sphacelata (Nuttal ex Torrey) Cory
Stylocline wooly-heads
micropoides Gray [M&H; W&S]
wooly-heads
Symphyotrichum aster
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Symphyotrichum porteri]
Bleakly, D. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 11:8. [Symphyotrichum ciliatum]
Brouillet, L., J.C. Semple, G.A. Allen, K.L. Chambers, & S.D. Sundberg. 2006. Symphyotrichum, p. 465-539. IN:
Flora of North America, vol. 20. Oxford University Press.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Symphyotrichum campestre, Symphyotrichum ciliatum,
Symphyotrichum ericoides pansum]
Jones, R.L., C.T. Witsell, & G.L. Nesom. 2008. Distribution and taxonomy of Symphyotrichum sericeum and S.
pratense (Asteraceae: Astereae). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1):731-739.
Nesom, G.L. 1994 [1995]. Review of the taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), emphasizing the New
World species. Phytologia 77(3):141-297.
Sundberg, S.D. 2004. New combinations in North American Symphyotrichum subgenus Astropolium (Asteraceae:
Astereae). Sida 21(2):903-910.
ascendens (Lindley) Nesom [M&H; W&S]
western aster
Aster ascendens Lindley
Aster chilensis Nees subsp. ascendens (Lindley) Cronquist
Aster vallicola Greene
bracteolatum auctores non (Nuttall) Nesom p.p. = Symphyotrichum eatonii (Gray) Nesom
campestre (Nuttall) G.L. Nesom [Heil et al. 2002]
western meadow aster
Aster campestris Nuttall

184
ciliatum (Ledebour) Nesom [Bleakly 1999; Heil et al. 2002]
alkali aster
Erigeron ciliatus Ledebour
divaricatum (Nuttall) Nesom = Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michaux) Nesom var. ligulatum
(Shinners) S.D. Sundberg
eatonii (A. Gray) Nesom [M&H; W&S]
Eaton’s aster
Aster foliaceus Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle var. eatonii A. Gray
Aster lonchophyllus Greene
Aster oregonus auctores non (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray
Symphyotrichum bracteolatum auctores non (Nuttall) Nesom p.p.
ericoides (Linnaeus) Nesom var. ericoides [M&H; W&S]
white heath aster
Aster ericoides Linnaeus
Aster hebecladus A.P. de Candolle
Aster multiflorus Aiton
ericoides (Linnaeus) Nesom var. pansum (Blake) Nesom [Heil et al. 2002]
white heath aster
Aster multiflorus Aiton var. pansus Blake
expansum (Poeppig ex Sprengel) Nesom = Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michaux) G.L. Nesom var.
parviflorum (Nees) S.D. Sundberg
falcatum (Lindley) Nesom var. commutatum (Torrey & Gray) Nesom [M&H; W&S]
prairie aster
Aster commutatus (Torrey & Gray) Gray var. commutatus
Aster commutatus (Torrey & Gray) Gray var. polycephalus Blake, non Aster
polycephalus Rydberg
Aster commutatus (Torrey & Gray) Gray var. crassulus (Rydberg) Blake
Aster crassulus Rydberg
Aster falcatus Lindley var. crassulus (Rydberg) Cronquist
Aster multiflorus Aiton var. commutatus Torrey & Gray
Symphyotrichum falcatum (Lindley) Nesom var. crassulum (Rydberg) Nesom
falcatum (Lindley) Nesom var. crassulum (Rydberg) Nesom = Symphyotrichum falcatum (Lindley)
Neson var. commutatum (Torrey & Gray) Nesom
falcatum (Lindley) Nesom var. falcatum [M&H]
prairie aster
Aster falcatus Lindley
fendleri (A. Gray) Nesom [M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s aster
Aster fendleri Gray
Aster jemensis A. Nelson
foliaceum (Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle) Nesom var. apricum (A. Gray) Nesom [M&H;
W&S]
alpine aster
Aster apricus (Gray) Rydberg
Aster foliaceus Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle var. apricus Gray
foliaceum (Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle) Nesom var. canbyi (A. Gray) Nesom [M&H;
W&S]
Canby’s alpine aster
Aster canbyi (A. Gray) Vasey
Aster foliaceus Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle var. burkei A. Gray
Aster foliaceus Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle var. canbyi A. Gray
foliaceum (Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle) Nesom var. parryi (D.C. Eaton) Nesom [M&H]
Parry’s alpine aster
Aster ascendens Lindley var. parryi D.C.Eaton
Aster foliaceus Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle var. frondeus A. Gray
Aster foliaceus Lindley ex A.P. de Candolle var. parryi (D.C. Eaton) A. Gray
Aster frondeus (A. Gray) Greene
frondosum (Nuttall) Nesom [M&H; W&S]

185
 leafy aster
Aster frondosus (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray
Aster woodhousei Wooton
Brachyactis frondosus (Nuttall) Gray
Brachyactis woodhousei (Wooton) Wooton & Standley
Tripolium frondosum Nuttall
laeve (Linnaeus) Löve & Löve var. geyeri (A. Gray) Nesom [M&H; W&S]
Geyer’s blue aster
Aster laevis Linnaeus var. geyeri Gray
Aster laevis Linnaeus var. guadalupensis A.G. Jones
lanceolatum (Willdenow) Nesom var. hesperium (A. Gray) Nesom [M&H; W&S]
Wooton’s aster
Aster caerulescens A.P. de Candolle var. wootonii (Greene) Wiegand
Aster hesperius Gray var. hesperius
Aster hesperius Gray var. laetivirens (Greene) Cronquist
Aster hesperius Gray var. wootonii Greene
Aster laetivirens Greene
Aster wootonii Greene
novae-angliae (Linnaeus) Nesom [M&H; W&S]
New England aster
Aster novae-angliae Linnaeus
oblongifolium (Nuttall) Nesom [M&H; W&S]
aromatic aster
Aster kumleinii Fries
Aster oblongifolius Nuttall
Aster oblongifolius Nuttall var. rigidulus Gray
porteri (A. Gray) Nesom [Allred 1999]
Porter’s aster
Aster porteri A. Gray
praealtum (Poiret) Nesom [M&H; W&S] Note: This species is excluded from NM by Brouillet et al.
(2006); warrants verification.
tall aster
Aster praealtus Poiret
Aster salicifolius Aiton
sericeum (Ventenat) Nesom : Reported without documentation by Tidestsrom & Kittell (1941), but
Jones et al. (2008) demonstrate that it does not occur in NM.
Aster sericeus Ventenat
spathulatum (Lindley) Nesom var. spathulatum [M&H]
mountain aster
Aster corymbiformis Rydberg
Aster fremontii (Torrey & Gray) Gray
Aster occidentalis (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray
Aster spathulatus Lindley
subulatum (Michaux) Nesom var. ligulatum (Shinners) S.D. Sundberg [M&H; W&S]
lawn aster, New Mexico aster
Aster exilis of NM authors
Aster neomexicanus Wooton & Standley
Aster subulatus Michaux var. ligulatus Shinners
Symphyotrichum divaricatum (Nuttall) Nesom
subulatum (Michaux) Nesom var. parviflorum (Nees) S.D. Sundberg [Brouillet et al. 2006]
lawn aster, New Mexico aster
Aster exilis of NM authors
Aster subulatus Michaux var. cubensis Shinners
Symphyotrichum expansum (Poeppig ex Sprengel) Nesom
Tripolium subulatum (Michaux) A.P. de Candolle var. parviflorum Nees
subulatum (Michaux) Nesom s.s. : Not known to occur in NM; our material is referred to
Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michaux) Nesom var. ligulatum (Shinners) S.D.

186
 Sundberg or to Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michaux) Nesom var. parviflorum
(Nees) S.D. Sundberg [Brouillet et al. 2006].
Tagetes marigold
micrantha Cavanilles [M&H; W&S]
licorice marigold
papposa Ventenat = Dyssodia papposa (Ventenat) Hitchcock
Tanacetum tansy
*vulgare Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
common tansy
Taraxacum dandelion
Brouillet, L. 2006. Taraxacum, p. 239-252. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 19. Oxford University Press, New York.
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Taraxacum lyratum]
ceratophorum (Ledebour) A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S]
horned dandelion
Leontodon ceratophorus Ledebour
Taraxacum dumetorum Greene
Taraxacum montanum Nuttall
Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex F.H Wiggers subsp. ceratophorum (Ledebour)
Schinz ex Thellung
dumetorum Greene = Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledebour) A.P. de Candolle
*erythrospermum Andrzejowski ex Besser [M&H]
red-seed dandelion
Taraxacum laevigatum (Willdenow) A.P. de Candolle var. erythrospermum
(Andrzejowski ex Besser) J. Weiss
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wiggers var. erythrospermum (Andrzejowski ex Besser)
Babington
laevigatum (Willdenow) A.P. de Candolle s.s. = a European name of uncertain application (Brouillet
2006)
laevigatum (Willdenow) A.P. de Candolle var. erythrospermum = Taraxacum erythrospermum
Andrzejowski ex Besser
lyratum (Ledebour) A.P. de Candolle s.s. : Applied in the narrow sense to Asian plants (Brouillet
2006); our plants referred to Taraxacum scopulorum (A. Gray) Rydberg
montanum Nuttall = Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledebour) A.P. de Candolle
mexicanum A.P. de Candolle = Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H. Wigg
*officinale G.H. Weber ex F.H. Wiggers [M&H; W&S]
common dandelion
Taraxacum mexicanum A.P. de Candolle
Taraxacum taraxacum (Linnaeus) Karsten
officinale F.H. Wiggers var. erythrospermum (Andrzejowski ex Besser) Babington = Taraxacum
erythrospermum Andrzejowski ex Besser
officinale G.H. Weber ex F.H Wiggers subsp. ceratophorum (Ledebour) Schinz ex Thellung =
Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledebour) A.P. de Candolle
officinale Linnaeus var. scopulorum A. Gray = Taraxacum scopulorum (A. Gray) Rydberg
scopulorum (A. Gray) Rydberg [M&H; Peterson 2000]
rock dandelion
Taraxacum officinale Linnaeus var. scopulorum A. Gray
taraxacum (Linnaeus) Karsten = Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H. Wigg
Tessaria sericea (Nuttall) Shinners = Pluchea sericea (Nuttall) Cavanilles
Tetradymia horsebrush
Strother, J.L. 1974. Taxonomy of Tetradymia (Compositae: Senecioneae). Brittonia 26:177-202.
canescens A.P. de Candolle [M&H; Strother 1974; W&S]
spineless horsebrush
Tetradymia inermis Nuttall
+filifolia Greene [M&H; Strother 1979; W&S]
thread-leaf horsebrush
inermis Nuttall = Tetradymia canescens A.P. de Candolle
spinosa Hooker & Arnott [M&H; Strother 1979]
spiny horsebrush

187
Tetraneuris rubberweed
Bierner, M.W. 1994. Submersion of Dugaldia and Plummera in Hymenoxys (Asteraceae: Heliantheae: Gaillardiinae).
Sida 16(1):1-8.
Bierner, M.W. & R.K. Jansen. 1998. Systematic implications of DNA restriction site variation in Hymenoxys and
Tetraneuris (Asteraceae, Helenieae, Gaillardiinae). Lundellia 21:17-26.
Parker, K.F. 1981. New combinations in Tetraneuris Greene (Heliantheae, Asteraceae). Phytologia 45:467.
Schiebout, M.H., D.L. Hazlett, & N. Snow. 2008. A floristic survey of vascular plants over parts of northeastern New
Mexico. J. Res. Inst. Texas 2(2):1407-1447. [Tetraneuris torreyana]
acaulis (Pursh) Greene var. acaulis [M&H; W&S]
stemless rubberweed
Actinea acaulis (Pursh) Sprengel
Actinella acaulis Pursh
Actinella depressa Torrey & Gray var. pygmaea Gray
Hymenoxys acaulis (Pursh) Parker
Tetraneuris pygmaea (Torrey & Gray) Wooton & Standley
Tetraneuris trinervata Greene
acaulis (Pursh) Greene var. arizonica (Greene) Parker [M&H; W&S]
Arizona stemless rubberweed
Actinea acaulis (Pursh) Sprengel subsp. arizonica (Greene) Blake
Actinea arizonica (Greene) A. Nelson
Hymenoxys acaulis (Pursh) Parker var. arizonica (Greene) Parker
Hymenoxys acaulis (Pursh) Parker var nana Welsh
Tetraneuris arizonica Greene
Tetraneuris crandallii Rydberg
acaulis (Pursh) Greene var. caespitosa A. Nelson [M&H]
stemless rubberweed
Hymenoxys acaulis (Pursh) Parker var. caespitosa (A. Nelson) Parker
Tetraneuris crandallii Rydberg
Tetraneuris lanata (Nuttall) Greene
Tetraneuris lanigera Daniels
acaulis (Pursh) Greene var. nana (Welsh) Kartesz & Gandhi = Hymenoxys acaulis (Pursh) Greene
var. arizonica (Greene) Parker
angustifolia Greene = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Greene var. scaposa
argentea (Gray) Greene [M&H; W&S]
perky-Sue
Actinea formosa (Greene ex Wooton & Standley) Nelson
Actinella argentea Gray
Actinella leptoclada Gray
Hymenoxys argentea (Gray) Parker
Hymenoxys argentea (Gray) Parker var. thoreauensis Atwood, Welsh, & Clifford
Tetraneuris formosa Greene ex Wooton & Standley
Tetraneuris leptoclada (Gray) Greene
arizonica Greene = Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene var. arizonica (Greene) Parker
brandegei (Porter ex Gray) Parker = Hymenoxys brandegei Porter ex Gray
crandallii Rydberg = Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene var. arizonica (Greene) Parker
depressa (Torrey & Gray ex Gray) Greene = Tetraneuris torreyana (Nuttall) Greene
formosa Greene ex Wooton & Standley = Tetraneuris argentea (Gray) Greene
glabriuscula Greene = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Greene var. scaposa
ivesiana Greene [M&H; W&S]
Ives rubberweed
Hymenoxys acaulis (Pursh) Parker var. ivesiana (Greene) Parker
Hymenoxys ivesiana (Greene) Parker
lanata (Nuttall) Greene = Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene var. caespitosa A. Nelson
lanigera Daniels = Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene var. caespitosa A. Nelson
leptoclada (Gray) Greene = Tetraneuris argentea (Gray) Greene
linearifolia (Hooker) Greene [M&H; W&S]
fineleaf rubberweed
Actinea linearifolia (Hooker) Torrey & Gray var. oblongifolia (Greene) Kittell
Actinella linearifolia (Hooker) Torrey & Gray

188
 Hymenoxys linearifolia Hooker
Tetraneuris oblongifolia Greene
linearis (Nuttall) Greene = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Greene
oblongifolia Greene = Tetraneuris linearifolia (Hooker) Greene
pygmaea (Torrey & Gray) Wooton & Standley = Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene var. acaulis
scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Greene var. linearis (Nuttall) Parker = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de
Candolle) Greene
scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Greene var. scaposa [M&H; W&S]
naked rubberweed
Actinea scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Kuntze
Actinella glabra Nuttall
Actinella scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall
Actinella scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall var. angustifolia (Greene) Kittell
Actinella scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall var. linearis Nuttall
Cephalophora scaposa A.P. de Candolle
Hymenoxys scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Parker
Hymenoxys scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Parker var. glabra (Nuttall) Parker
Hymenoxys scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Parker var. linearis (Nuttall) Parker
Hymenoxys scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Parker var. villosa Shinners
Hymenoxys scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Parker var. scaposa
Tetraneuris angustifolia Greene
Tetraneuris glabriuscula Greene
Tetraneuris linearis (Nuttall) Greene
Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Greene var. linearis (Nuttall) Parker
Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Greene var. villosa (Shinners) Shinners
Tetraneuris stenophylla Rydberg
scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Greene var. villosa (Shinners) Shinners = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de
Candolle) Greene var. scaposa
stenophylla Rydberg = Tetraneuris scaposa (A.P. de Candolle) Greene
torreyana (Nuttall) Greene [Schiebout et al. 2009; W&S]
Torrey’s rubberweed
Actinella torreyana Nuttall
Tetraneuris depressa (Torrey & Gray ex Gray) Greene
trinervata Greene = Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene var. acaulis
Thelesperma greenthread
Alexander, E.J. 1955. Thelesperma. N. Amer. Fl. II. 2:65-69.
Hansen, C.J., L. Allphin, M.D. Windham. 2002. Biosystematic analysis of the Thelesperma subnudum complex
(Asteraceae). Sida 20(1):71-96.
Shinners, L.H. 1950. The Texas species of Thelesperma (Compositae). Field & Lab. 18:17-24.
Turner, B.L. 2010. Infraspecific categories in Thelesperma filifolium (Asteraceae: Coreopsideae). Phytologia
92(1):27-30.
ambiguum Gray [Alexander 1955]
Colorado greenthread
filifolium Gray var. intermedium (Rydberg) Shinners [M&H; W&S]
greenthread
Thelesperma formosum Greene
Thelesperma intermedium Rydberg
Thelesperma trifidum (Poiret) Britton
filifolium Gray var. intermedium (Rydberg) Shinners = Thelesperma filifolium Gray var.
intermedium (Rydberg) Shinners
formosum Greene = Thelesperma filifolium Gray var. intermedium (Rydberg) Shinners
gracile (Torrey) Gray = Thelesperma megapotamicum (Sprengel) Kuntze [M&H]
intermedium Rydberg = Thelesperma filifolium Gray var. intermedium (Rydberg) Shinners
longipes Gray [M&H; W&S]
long-stalk greenthread
megapotamicum (Sprengel) Kuntze [M&H; W&S]
Navajo-tea, Hopi-tea
Bidens megapotamicum Sprengel
Thelesperma gracile (Torrey) Gray

189
 simplicifolium Gray [M&H]
slender greenthread
subnudum Gray var. subnudum [M&H; W&S]
Navajo-tea
trifidum (Poiret) Britton = Thelesperma filifolium Gray var. intermedium (Rydberg) Shinners
Thymophylla dogweed
Strother, J.L. 1969. Systematics of Dyssodia Cavanilles (Compositae: Tageteae). Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 48:1-86.
Strother, J.L. 1986. Renovation of Dyssodia (Compositae: Tageteae). Sida 11:371-378.
Worthington, R.D. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 31:2. [Thymophylla tenuiloba]
acerosa (A.P. de Candolle) Strother [M&H; W&S]
prickle-leaf dogweed
Aciphyllaea acerosa (A.P. de Candolle) Gray
Dyssodia acerosa A.P. de Candolle
aurea (Gray) Greene ex Britton var. aurea [M&H; W&S]
prickle-leaf
Dyssodia aurea (Gray) A. Nelson
Hymenatherum aureum Gray
Lowellia aurea Gray
aurea (Gray) Greene ex Britton var. polychaeta (Gray) Strother [M&H; W&S]
prickle-leaf
Dyssodia polychaeta (Gray) Robinson
Hymenatherum polychaetum Gray
Thymophylla polychaeta (Gray) Small
greggii Gray = Thymophylla setifolia Lagasca var. greggii (Gray) Strother
hartwegii (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Thymophylla pentachaeta (A.P. de Candolle) Small var.
hartwegii (Gray) Strother
neomexicana (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Adenophyllum wrightii Gray
pentachaeta (A.P. de Candolle) Small var. belenidium (A.P. de Candolle) Strother
[M&H; W&S]
parraleña
Dyssodia thurberi (Gray) Robinson
Hymenatherum belenidium A.P. de Candolle
Hymenatherum thurberi Gray
Thymophylla gracilis Rydberg
Thymophylla thurberi (Gray) Wooton & Standley
pentachaeta (A.P. de Candolle) Small var. hartwegii (Gray) Strother [M&H; W&S]
parraleña
Dyssodia hartwegii (Gray) Robinson
Hymenatherum hartwegii Gray
Thymophylla hartwegii (Gray) Wooton & Standley
pentachaeta (A.P. de Candolle) Small var. pentachaeta : Reported by M&H & W&S, but this
varietiey occurs in central Texas south into Mexico; our material thought to be this
most likely belongs to var. belenidium (A.P. de Candolle) Strother [Strother 1969].
Dyssodia pentachaeta (A.P. de Candolle) Robinson
Hymenatherum pentachaetum A.P. de Candolle
polychaeta (Gray) Small = Thymophylla aurea (Gray) Greene in Britton & Brown var. polychaeta
(Gray) Strother
setifolia Lagasca var. greggii (Gray) Strother [M&H; Strother 2006]
Texas prickle-leaf
Dyssodia setifolia (Lagasca) Robinson var. greggii (Gray) Shinners
Thymophylla greggii Gray
Thymophylla setifolia Lagasca var. radiata (Gray) Strother, nom. illeg.
setifolia Lagasca var. radiata (Gray) Strother = Thymophylla setifolia Lagasca var. greggii (Gray)
Strother
tenuiloba (A.P. de Candolle) Small var. tenuiloba [Worthington 2004]
bristly dogweed
thurberi (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Thymophylla pentachaeta (A.P. de Candolle) Small var.
belenidium (A.P. de Candolle) Strother

190
Tonestus serpentweed
Lane, M.A. & R.L. Hartman. 1996. Reclassification of North American Haplopappus (Compositae: Astereae)
completed: Rayjacksonia gen. nov. Amer. J. Bot. 83(3):356-370.
Nesom, G.L. and D.R. Morgan. 1990. Reinstatement of Tonestus (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytologia 68:174-180.
microcephalus (Cronquist) Nesom & Morgan = Lorandersonia microcephala (Cronquist) Urbatsch,
Roberts & Neubig
pygmaeus (Torrey & Gray) A. Nelson [M&H; W&S]
pygmy serpentweed
Haplopappus pygmaeus (Torrey & Gray) Gray
Stenotus pygmaeus Torrey & Gray
Torximon cuspidatum Pursh = Nothocalais cuspidata (Pursh) Greene
Townsendia Townsend-daisy
Beaman, J.H. 1957. The systematics and evolution of Townsendia (Compositae). Contr. Gray Herb. 183.
Lowrey, T.K. and P.J. Knight. 1994. Townsendia gypsophila (Compositae: Astereae): a new species from northern
New Mexico. Brittonia 46:194-199.
Strother, J.L. 2006. Townsendia, p. 193-203. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 20. Oxford University Press, New
York.
annua Beaman [M&H]
annual Townsend-daisy
arizonica Gray = Townsendia incana Nuttall
eximia Gray [M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain Townsend-daisy
exscapa (Richardson) Porter [M&H; W&S]
stemless Townsend-daisy
Aster exscapus Richardson
Townsendia sericea Hooker
fendleri Gray [M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s Townsend-daisy
formosa Greene [M&H; W&S]
smooth Townsend-daisy
glabella Gray : Not occurring in NM; previous reports were based on a misidentification of
Townsendia grandiflora Nuttall [Tim Lowrey, pers. comm. 1995].
grandiflora Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
big-head Townsend-daisy
+gypsophila Lowrey & Knight [Lowrey & Knight 1994]
gyp Townsend-daisy
incana Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
hoary Townsend-daisy
Townsendia arizonica Gray
leptotes (Gray) Osterhout [M&H]
common Townsend-daisy
Townsendia sericea Hooker var. leptotes Gray
rothrockii Gray ex Rothrock : Reported by Kartesz (1999) without documentation; awaits
verification.
sericea Hooker = Townsendia exscapa (Richardson) Porter
sericea Hooker var. leptotes Gray = Townsendia leptotes (Gray) Osterhout
strigosa Nuttall [Strother 2006]
hairy Townsend-daisy
Tragopogon salsify
Ownbey, M. 1950. Natural hybridization and amphiploidy in the genus Tragopogon. Amer. J. Bot. 37:487-499.
*dubius Scopoli [M&H]
yellow salsify
*porrifolius Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
leek salsify
*pratensis Linnaeus [M&H]
Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon, meadow salsify
Trichophyllum oppositifolium Nuttall = Picradeniopsis oppositifolia (Nuttall) Rydberg

191
Tripleurospermum false mayweed
McGrath, J. 2010. Plant distribution reports (Tripleurospermum inodorum). The New Mexico Botanist 50:5
inodorum (Linnaeus) Schultz-Bipontinus [McGrath 2010]
false mayweed
Tripolium frondosum Nuttall = Symphyotrichum frondosum (Nuttall) Nesom
subulatum (Michaux) A.P. de Candolle var. parviflorum Nees = Symphyotrichum subulatum
(Michaux) Nesom var. parviflorum (Nees) S.D. Sundberg
Trixis threefold
Anderson, C. 1972. A monograph of the Mexican and Central American species of Trixis (Compositae). Mem. N.Y.
Bot. Gard. 22(3):1-68.
californica Kellogg [M&H; W&S]
California threefold
Troximon arizonicum Greene = Agoseris aurantiaca (Hooker) Greene var. purpurea (Gray) Cronquist
glaucum Pursh = Agoseris glauca (Pursh) D. Dietrich var. glauca
heterophyllum (Nuttall) Greene = Agoseris heterophylla (Nuttall) Greene var. heterophylla
parviflorum Nuttall = Agoseris parviflora (Nuttall) D. Dietrich
Uropappus silverpuff
linearifolius Nuttall = Uropappus lindleyi (A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall
lindleyi (A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
silverpuff
Calais lindleyi A.P. de Candolle
Microseris linearifolia (Nuttall) Schultz-Bipontinus
Microseris lindleyi (A.P. de Candolle) Gray
Uropappus linearifolius Nuttall
Uropappus pruinosus Greene
pruinosus Greene = Uropappus lindleyi (A.P. de Candolle) Nuttall
Varilla texana Gray : Reported for NM from near El Paso by Vines (1960), but this seems unlikely in
view of its distribution in the Tamaulipan vegetation of south Texas and adjacent
Mexico and its exclusion from the Chihuahuan Desert flora by Henrickson &
Johnston (1997).
Verbesina crownbeard
Coleman, J.R. 1966. A taxonomic revision of section Ximenesia of the genus Verbesina (Compositae). Amer. Midl.
Naturalist 76:475-481.
Strother, J.L. Verbesina, pp. 106-111. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21. Oxford University Press.
alba Linnaeus = Eclipta prostrata (Linnaeus) Linnaeus
encelioides (Cavanilles) Bentham & Hooker f. ex Gray var. encelioides [M&H]
golden crownbeard, cowpen daisy
Ximenesia encelioides Cavanilles
encelioides (Cavanilles) Bentham & Hooker f. ex Gray var. exauriculata B.L. Robinson
& J.L. Greenman [M&H; W&S]
golden crownbeard, cowpen daisy
Ximenesia exauriculata (B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman) Rydberg
longifolia (Gray) Gray [M&H; W&S]
long-leaf crownbeard
Actinomeris longifolia Gray
nana (Gray) B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman [M&H; W&S]
dwarf crownbeard
Wootonella nana (Gray) Standley
Ximenesia encelioides Cavanilles var. nana Gray
oreophila Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
mountain crownbeard
podocephala Gray = Lasianthaea podocephala (Gray) Baker
prostrata Linnaeus = Eclipta prostrata (Linnaeus) Linnaeus
rothrockii B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman [M&H; W&S]
Rothrock’s crownbeard
Verbesina wrightii Gray, not Grisebach
wrightii Gray = Verbesina rothrockii Robinson
Vernonia ironweed

192
 Carson National Forest, USDA Forest Service. 2000. New plant distribution records 15:7. [Vernonia
noveborascensis]
Jones, S.B. 1972. A systematic study of the Fasciculatae group of Vernonia (Comositae). Brittonia 24:28-45.
altissima Nuttall var. marginata Torrey = Vernonia marginata (Torrey) Rafinesque
baldwinii Torrey subsp. interior (Small) Faust : Reported by Kartesz (1999) without documentation;
awaits verification.
jamesii Torrey & Gray = Vernonia marginata (Torrey) Rafinesque
marginata (Torrey) Rafinesque [M&H; W&S]
plains ironweed
Vernonia altissima Nuttall var. marginata Torrey
Vernonia jamesii Torrey & Gray
missurica Rafinesque [M&H; W&S]
Missouri ironweed
novoborescensis (Linnaeus) Michaux : Reported in a listing by the Carson National Forest (2000),
but this seems unlikely in view of this species’s distribution east of the Mississippi;
perhaps a recent exotic; needs verification.
Viguiera goldeneye
Blake, S.F. 1918. A revision of the genus Viguiera. Contr. Gray Herb. 54:1-218.
Schilling, E.E. 2006. Viguiera, in pp. 172-174. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21(3). Oxford University Press.
annua (M.E. Jones) Blake = Heliomeris longifolia (B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman) Cockerell var.
annua (M.E. Jones) W.F. Yates
ciliata (B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman) Blake = Heliomeris hispida (Gray) Cockerell
cordifolia Gray [M&H; W&S]
heart-leaf goldeneye
dentata (Cavanilles) Sprengel [M&H; W&S]
toothed goldeneye
Helianthus dentatus Cavanilles
Viguiera texana Torrey & Gray
longifolia (B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman) Blake var. longifolia = Heliomeris longifolia (B.L.
Robinson & J.L. Greenman) var. longifolia
longifolia (B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman) Blake var. annua (M.E. Jones) Welsh = Heliomeris
longifolia (B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman) Cockerell var. annua (M.E. Jones)
W.F. Yates
multiflora (Nuttall) Blake = Heliomeris multiflora Nuttall var. multiflora
multiflora (Nuttall) Blake var. ovalis Blake = Heliomeris multiflora Nuttall var. brevifolia (Greene
ex Wooton & Standley) W.F. Yates
ovalis Blake = Heliomeris multiflora Nuttall var. brevifolia (Greene ex Wooton & Standley) W.F.
Yates
stenoloba Blake [M&H; W&S]
resinbush
Gymnolomia tenuifolia (Gray) Bentham & Hooker
Heliomeris tenuifolia Gray
texana Torrey & Gray = Viguiera dentata (Cavanilles) Sprengel
triloba (Gray) J. Olsen = Zaluzania grayana B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman
Villanova biternata (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Bahia biternata Gray
dissecta (Gray) Rydberg = Amauriopsis dissecta (Gray) Rydberg
Wootonella nana (Gray) Standley = Verbesina nana (Gray) Robinson
Wootonia parviflora (Gray) Greene = Dicranocarpus parviflorus Gray
Wyethia mule’s-ears
Weber, W.A. 1946. A taxonomic and cytological study of the genus Wyethia, family Compositae, with notes on the
related genus Balsamorhiza. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 35:400-452.
Weber, W.A. 2006. Scabrethia, pp. 99-100. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21. Oxford University Press. [Wyethia
scabra attenuata]
arizonica Gray [M&H; W&S; Weber 1946]
Arizona mule’s-ears
scabra Hooker var. attenuata W.A. Weber [Weber 2006]
badland mule’s-ears
Scabrethia scabra (Hooker) W.A. Weber subsp. attenuata (W.A. Weber) W.A. Weber
scabra Hooker var. canescens W.A. Weber [M&H; Weber 1946]

193
 badland mule’s-ears
Scabrethia scabra (Hooker) W.A. Weber subsp. canescens (W.A. Weber) W.A. Weber
Wyomingia cana (Gray) A. Nelson = Erigeron canus Gray
cinerea A. Nelson = Erigeron pulcherrimus Heller var. pulcherrimus
pulcherrima (Heller) A. Nelson = Erigeron pulcherrimus Heller var. pulcherrimus
Xanthisma sleep-daisy
Harman, R.L. 2006. Xanthisma, pp. 383-393. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 20. Oxford University Press, New
York.
Hershey, A.L. & P.J. Leyendecker, Jr. 1944. Notes on plants of New Mexico—III. Leaflets of Western Botany
4(2):21-25. [Xanthisma texanum]
Morgan, D.R. & R.L. Hartman. 2003. A synopsis of Machaeranthera (Asteraceae: Astereae), with recognition of
segregate genera. Sida 20(4):1387-1416.
Nesom, G.L. 2003. New combinations in Xanthisma (Asteraceae: Astereae). Sida 20(4):1585-1588.
Nesom, G.L. & B.L. Turner. 2007. Taxonomic review of the Xanthisma spinulosum complex (Asteraceae: Astereae).
Phytologia 89(3):371-389.
Semple, J.C. 1974. The phytogeography and systematics of Xanthisma texanum A.P. de Candolle (Asteraceae): proper
usage of infraspecific categories. Rhodora 76:1-19.
blephariphyllum (Gray) Morgan & Hartman [Hartman 2006; M&H]
Texas sleep-daisy
Aplopappus blephariphyllus Gray
Aster gymnocephalus auctores non (A.P. de Candolle) Gray
Haplopappus gymnocephalus auctores non A.P. de Candolle
Sideranthus serratus (Greene) Standley
Machaeranthera blephariphylla (Gray) Shinners
Machaeranthera gymnocephala auctores non (A.P. de Candolle) Shinners
glaberrimum (Rydberg) Nesom & O’Kennon = Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman
var. glaberrimum (Rydberg) Morgan & Hartman
gracile (Nuttall) Morgan & Hartman [Hartman 2006; M&H]
slender sleep-daisy
Dieteria gracilis Nuttall
Haplopappus gracilis (Nuttall) Gray
Machaeranthera gracilis (Nuttall) Shinners
Sideranthus gracilis (Nuttall) Nelson
grindelioides (Nuttall) Morgan & Hartman [Hartman 2006; M&H; W&S]
ray-less sleep-daisy
Haplopappus nuttallii Torrey & Gray
Machaeranthera grindelioides (Nuttall) Shinners
Sideranthus grindelioides Nuttall
gypsophilum (B.L. Turner) Morgan & Hartman [Hartman 2006]
gyp sleep-daisy
Machaeranthera gypsophila B.L. Turner
spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var. chihuahuanum (Turner & Hartman)
Morgan & Hartman [Hartman 2006; Turner & Hartman 1976]
lacy sleep-daisy
Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hooker) Shinners var. chihuahuana B.L. Turner &
Hartman
spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var. glaberrimum (Rydberg) Morgan &
Hartman [M&H; Turner & Hartman 1976; W&S]
smooth sleep-daisy
Haplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle subsp. glaberrimus (Rydberg) Hall
Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hooker) Shinners var. glaberrima (Rydberg) Turner &
Hartman
Sideranthus glaberrimus Rydberg
Xanthisma glaberrimum (Rydberg) Nesom & O’Kennon
spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman var. spinulosum [M&H; Turner & Hartman 1976;
W&S]
lacy sleep-daisy
Amellus spinulosus Pursh
Eriocarpum wootonii Greene

194
 Haplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle subsp. australis (Greene) Hall
Haplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle subsp. laevis (Wooton & Standley)
Hall
Haplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle subsp. scabrellus (Greene) Hall
Haplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle subsp. spinulosus
Machaeranthera australis (Greene) Shinners
Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hooker) Shinners
Sideranthus laevis Wooton & Standley
Sideranthus spinulosus (Pursh) Sweet ex Rydberg
Sideranthus wootonii (Greene) Standley
texanum A.P. de Candolle subsp. drummondii (Torrey & Gray) Semple [Hershey &
Leyendecker 1944; M&H] Note: not reported for NM by Hartman (2006); perhaps warrants
verification.
Drummond’s sleep-daisy
Centauridium drummondii Torrey & Gray
viscidum (Wooton & Standley) Morgan & Hartman [M&H; Hartman 1990; W&S]
sticky sleep-daisy
Haplopappus havardii Waterfall
Machaeranthera havardii (Waterfall) Shinners
Machaeranthera viscida (Wooton & Standley) Hartman
Sideranthus viscidus Wooton & Standley
glaberrimum (Rydberg) Nesom & O’Kennon = Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman
var. glaberrimum (Rydberg) Morgan & Hartman
Xanthium cocklebur
Cronquist, A. 1994. Xanthium, pp. 64-65. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
campestre Greene = Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (Miller) Torrey
canadense Miller = Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (Miller) Torrey
chinense Miller = Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
commune Britton = Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (Miller) Torrey
commune Britton var. wootonii Cockerell = Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de
Candolle) Cronquist
italicum Moretti = Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (Miller) Torrey
macrocarpum A.P. de Candolle var. glabratum A.P. de Candolle = Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
pennsylvanicum Wallroth = Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle)
Cronquist
saccharatum Wallroth = Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (Miller) Torrey
*spinosum Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
spiny cocklebur
Acanthoxanthium spinosum (Linnaeus) Fourreau
strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (Miller) Torrey [M&H; W&S]
rough cocklebur
Xanthium campestre Greene
Xanthium canadense Miller
Xanthium commune Britton
Xanthium italicum Moretti
Xanthium saccharatum Wallroth
strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist [M&H; W&S]
rough cocklebur
Xanthium chinense Miller
Xanthium commune Britton var. wootonii Cockerell
Xanthium macrocarpum A.P. de Candolle var. glabratum A.P. de Candolle
Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallroth
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. wootonii (Cockerell) M.E. Peck
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. wootonii (Cockerell) Martin & Hutchins ined. [not
validly published]
Xanthium wootonii (Cockerell) Cockerell

195
 strumarium Linnaeus var. wootonii (Cockerell) Martin & Hutchins ined. [This combination not
validly published by M&H; ICBN, Article 33] = Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
strumarium Linnaeus var. wootonii (Cockerell) M.E. Peck = Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var.
glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
wootonii (Cockerell) Cockerell
Xanthocephalum dracunculoides (A.P. de Candolle) Shinners = Amphiachyris dracunculoides (A.P. de
Candolle) Nuttall
microcephalum (A.P. de Candolle) Shinners = Gutierrezia microcephala (A.P. de Candolle) Gray
sarothrae (Pursh) Shinners = Gutierrezia sarothra (Pursh) Britton & Rusby
wrightii (A. Gray) A. Gray = Gutierrezia wrightii A. Gray
Ximenesia encelioides Cavanilles = Verbesina encelioides (Cavanilles) Bentham & Hooker var.
encelioides
exauriculata (B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman) Rydberg = Verbesina encelioides (Cavanilles)
Bentham & Hooker var. exauriculata B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman
encelioides Cavanilles var. nana Gray = Verbesina nana (Gray) Robinson
Xylorhiza tortifolia (Torrey & Gray) Greene : Reported for NM by Tidestrom & Kittell (1941), but
restricted to more western localities by all subsequent authors (i.e., Hickman 1993;
Kearney & Peebles 1969; Nesom 2002; Welsh et al. 1993); awaits verification.
Zaluzania yellow-streamers
Strother, J.L. 2006. Zaluzania, p. 63. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 21. Oxford University Press, New York.
grayana B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman [M&H; Strother 2006; W&S]
yellow-streamers
Viguiera triloba (Gray) J. Olsen
Zexmenia brevifolia Gray = Jefea brevifolia (Gray) Strother
podocephala (Gray) Gray = Lasianthaea podocephala (Gray) Baker
Zinnia zinnia
Torres, A.M. 1963. Taxonomy of Zinnia. Brittonia 15:1-25.
acerosa (A.P. de Candolle) Gray [M&H; W&S]
desert zinnia
Crassina pumila (Gray) Kuntze
Diplothrix acerosa A.P. de Candolle
Zinnia pumila Gray
grandiflora Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
plains zinnia
Crassina grandiflora (Nuttall) Kuntze
pumila Gray = Zinnia acerosa (A.P. de Candolle) Gray

Family BERBERIDACEAE
Berberis barberry
Cox, G.W. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 20:8. [Berberis vulgaris]
Hall, H.H. & S. Flowers. 1961. Vascular plants found in the Navajo Reservoir Basin, pp. 47-87. IN: D.M. Pendergast
(ed.). Ecological studies of the flora and fauna of Navajo Reservoir Basin, Colorado and New Mexico. Univ.
Utah Anthropological Papers, number 55. [Berberis vulgaris]
Whittemore, A.T. 1997. Berberis, pp. 276-286. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
aquifolius Pursh = Berberis repens Lindley
fendleri Gray [Whittemore 1997; M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s barberry
Mahonia fendleri (Gray) Wooton & Standley
fremontii Torrey [Whittemore 1997; M&H; W&S]
desert Oregon-grape
Mahonia fremontii (Torrey) Fedde
Odostemon fremontii (Torrey) Rydberg
haematocarpa Wooton [Whittemore 1997; M&H; W&S]
algerita, red Oregon-grape
Mahonia haematocarpa (Wooton) Fedde
Odostemon haematocarpus (Wooton) Heller
nana Greene = Berberis repens Lindley
repens Lindley [Whittemore 1997; M&H; W&S]

196
 creeping Oregon-grape
Berberis aquifolius Pursh
Berberis nana Greene
Mahonia repens (Lindley) G. Don
Odostemon repens (Lindley) Cockerell
trifoliolata Moricand [Whittemore 1997; M&H; W&S]
Laredo Oregon-grape
Mahonia trifoliolata (Moricand) Fedde
Odostemon trifoliolatus (Moricand) Heller
*vulgaris Linnaeus [Cox 2001; Hall & Flowers 1961]
European barberry
wilcoxii Kearney [Whittemore 1997; M&H; W&S]
Wilcox’s barberry
Odostemon wilcoxii (Kearney) Heller
Mahonia fendleri (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Berberis fendleri Gray
fremontii (Torrey) Fedde = Berberis fremontii Torrey
haematocarpa (Wooton) Fedde = Berberis haematocarpa Wooton
repens (Lindley) G. Don = Berberis repens Lindley
trifoliolata (Moricand) Fedde = Berberis trifoliolata Moricand
Odostemon fremontii (Torrey) Rydberg = Berberis fremontii Torrey
haematocarpus (Wooton) Heller = Berberis haematocarpa Wooton
repens (Lindley) Cockerell = Berberis repens Lindley
trifoliolatus (Moricand) Heller = Berberis trifoliolata Moricand
wilcoxii (Kearney) Heller = Berberis wilcoxii Kearney

Family BETULACEAE
Furlow, J.J. 1997. Betulaceae, pp. 507-538. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford Univrsity Press.
Alnus alder
Furlow, J.J. 1979. The systematics of the American species of Alnus (Betulaceae). Rhodora 81:151-248.
incana (Linnaeus) Moench subsp. tenuifolia (Nuttall) Breitung [Furlow 1997; M&H; W&S]
mountain alder
Alnus tenuifolia Nuttall
oblongifolia Torrey [Whittemore 1997; M&H; W&S]
Arizona alder
tenuifolia Nuttall = Alnus incana (Linnaeus) Moench subsp. tenuifolia (Nuttall) Breitung
Betula birch
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Betula glandulosa]
fontinalis Sargent = Betula occidentalis Hooker
glandulosa Michaux [Harman et al. 2006]
bog birch
occidentalis Hooker [M&H; W&S]
water birch
Betula fontinalis Sargent
Ostrya hop-hornbeam
baileyi Rose = Ostrya knowltonii Coville
knowltonii Coville [M&H; W&S]
Knowlton’s hop-hornbeam
Ostrya baileyi Rose

Family BIGNONIACEAE
Catalpa catalpa
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4.
bignonioides Walter var. speciosa Warder = Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Warder ex Engelmann
*speciosa (Warder) Warder ex Engelmann [Heil et al. 2002]
Catalpa
Catalpa bignonioides Walter var. speciosa Warder

197
Chilopsis desert-willow
Henrickson, J. 1985. A taxonomic revision of Chilopsis (Bignoniaceae). Aliso 11:179-197.
linearis (Cavanilles) Sweet var. arcuata Fosberg [Henrickson 1985]
desert-willow
Chilopsis linearis (Cavanilles) Sweet subsp. arcuata (Fosberg) Henrickson
linearis (Cavanilles) Sweet var. linearis [M&H; W&S]
desert-willow
Chilopsis saligna D. Don
linearis (Cavanilles) Sweet subsp. arcuata (Fosberg) Henrickson = Chilopsis linearis (Cavanilles)
Sweet var. arcuata Fosberg
saligna D. Don = Chilopsis linearis (Cavanilles) Sweet var. linearis
Stenolobium incisum Rose & Standley = Tecoma stans (Linnaeus) Jussieu ex Kunth var. angustata Rehder
Tecoma trumpet-bush
stans (Linnaeus) Jussieu ex Kunth var. angustata Rehder [M&H; W&S]
yellow trumpet-bush
Stenolobium incisum Rose & Standley

Family BIXACEAE
[Cochlospermaceae]
Amoreuxia yellowshow
Hodgson, W. 1993. Bixaceae. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 27(2):188-189.
palmatifida Sessé & Mociño ex A.P. de Candolle [M&H]
Mexican yellowshow

Family BORAGINACEAE
Cronquist, A. 1984. Boraginaceae, pp. 207-293. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 4. New York Botanical Garden.
Higgins, L.C. 1979. Boraginaceae of the southwestern United States. Great Basin Naturalist 39(4):293-350.
Allocarya scopulorum Greene = Plagiobothrys scopulorum (Greene) I.M. Johnston
Amsinckia devil’s-lettuce
Sivinski, R.C. 2005. Plant distribution reports (Amsinckia menziesii intermedia, Astragalus eremiticus). The New
Mexico Botanist 33:7.
intermedia Fischer & Meyer = Amsinckia menziesii (Lehmann) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbride var.
intermedia (Fischer & Meyer) Ganders
menziesii (Lehmann) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbride var. intermedia (Fischer & Meyer)
Ganders [Sivinski 2005]
small devil’s-lettuce
Amsinckia intermedia Fischer & Meyer
tessellata Gray [Higgins 1979; M&H]
devil’s-lettuce
Antiphytum saucer-flower
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey and R. Peterson. 1994. Additions to the native and adventive flora of New Mexico. Phytologia
76(6):473-479. [Antiphytum floribundum]
floribundum (Torrey) Gray [Sivinski et al. 1994]
Texas saucer-flower
Krynitzkia floribunda Torrey
Coldenia canescens A.P. de Candolle = Tiquilia canescens (A.P. de Candolle) A. Richardson
gossypina (Wooton & Standley) I.M. Johnston = Tiquilia gossypina (Wooton & Standley) A
Richardson
greggii (Torrey) Gray = Tiquilia greggii (Torrey) A. Richardson
hispidissima (Torrey) Gray = Tiquilia hispidissima (Torrey) A. Richardson
Cryptantha cat’s-eye
Sivinski, R. 1993. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 40:273-274. [Cryptantha gracilis, Cryptantha
recurvata]
Sivinski, R. 1994. A review of Cryptantha fulvocanescens (Boraginaceae) with the re-evaluation of Greene's
Oreocarya nitida. Madroño 41(4):243-253.
Sivinski, R.C. 1998. The genus Cryptantha (Boraginaceae) in New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 8:2-9.
Sivinski, R. 2006. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 35:3. [Cryptantha nevadensis rigida]
Sivinski, R. 2006. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 36:7. [Cryptantha flavoculata]

198
Spellenberg, R., M. Mahrt & R. Brozka. 1991. Noteworthy collections, New Mexico. Madroño 38:298-301.
[Cryptantha pterocarya pterocarya]
albida (Kunth) I.M. Johnston [M&H; Sivinski 1998]
New Mexico cat’s-eye
Cryptantha ramosa (Lehmann) Greene
Myosotis albida Kunth
angustifolia (Torrey) Greene [M&H; Sivinski 1998]
Panamint cat’s-eye
Eritrichium angustifolium Torrey
Krynitzkia angustifolia (Torrey) Gray
bakeri (Greene) Payson [Sivinski 1998]
Baker’s cat’s-eye
Oreocarya bakeri Greene
barbigera (Gray) Greene [Sivinski 1998]
bearded cat’s-eye
Eritrichium barbigera Gray
cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var. cinerea [Sivinski 1998; W&S]
James’s cat’s-eye
Cryptantha jamesii (Torrey) Payson var. disticha (Eastwood) Payson
Cryptantha jamesii (Torrey) Payson var. multicaulis (Torrey) Payson
Cryptantha jamesii (Torrey) Payson var. setosa (Jones) Johnston ex Tidestrom
Eritrichium multicaule Torrey
Krynitzkia multicaulis Torrey var. setosa M.E. Jones
Oreocarya cinerea Greene
Oreocarya disticha Eastwood
Oreocarya multicaulis (Torrey) Greene
Oreocarya suffruticosa (Torrey) Greene var. multicaulis (Torrey) Payson
cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var. jamesii Cronquist [Sivinski 1998]
James’s cat’s-eye
Cryptantha jamesii (Torrey) Payson
Eritrichium jamesii Torrey [nom. illegit.]
Krynitzkia jamesii (Torrey) Gray
Myosotis suffruticosa Torrey
Oreocarya suffruticosa (Torrey) Greene
cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var. laxa (Macbride) Higgins [M&H; Sivinski 1998]
James’s cat’s-eye
Cryptantha jamesii (Torrey) Payson var. laxa (Macbride) Payson
Oreocarya multicaulis (Torrey) Greene var. laxa Macbride
cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var. pustulosa (Rydberg) Higgins [Sivinski 1998]
James’s cat’s-eye
Cryptantha jamesii (Torrey) Payson var. pustulosa (Rydberg) Harrington
Cryptantha pustulosa (Rydberg) Payson
Oreocarya pustulosa Rydberg
coryi I.M. Johnston = Cryptantha palmeri (Gray) Payson
crassisepala (Torrey & Gray) Greene var. crassisepala [M&H; Sivinski 1998]
thick-sepal cat’s-eye
Eritrichium crassisepalum Torrey & Gray
Krynitzkia crassisepala (Torrey & Gray) Gray
crassisepala (Torrey & Gray) Greene var. elachantha I.M. Johnston [M&H; Sivinski 1998]
thick-sepal cat’s-eye
cycloptera Greene = Cryptantha pterocarya (Torrey) Greene var. cycloptera (Greene) Macbride
fendleri (Gray) Greene [M&H; Sivinski 1998]
Fendler’s cat’s-eye
Cryptantha pattersonii (A. Gray) Greene
Krynitzkia fendleri Gray
flava (A. Nelson) Payson [M&H; Sivinski 1998; W&S]
yellow cat’s-eye

199
 Oreocarya flava A. Nelson
Oreocarya lutescens Greene
flavoculata (A. Nelson) Payson [Sivinski 2006]
rough-seed cat’s-eye
fulvocanescens (S. Watson) Payson var. echinoides (Jones) Higgins = Cryptantha fulvocanescens (S.
Watson) Payson var. fulvocanescens
fulvocanescens (S. Watson) Payson var. fulvocanescens [M&H; Sivinski 1998; W&S]
tawny cat’s-eye
Cryptantha fulvocanescens (S. Watson) Payson var. echinoides (Jones) Higgins
Oreocarya fulvocanescens (S. Watson) Greene
fulvocanescens (S. Watson) Payson var. nitida (Greene) Sivinski [Sivinski 1994; Sivinski
1998]
tawny cat’s-eye
gracilis Osterhout [Sivinski 1993; Sivinski 1998]
slender cat’s-eye
jamesii (Torrey) Payson var. disticha (Eastwood) Payson = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist
var. cinerea
jamesii (Torrey) Payson var. jamesii = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var. jamesii Cronquist
jamesii (Torrey) Payson var. laxa (Macbride) Payson = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var.
laxa (Macbride) Higgins
jamesii (Torrey) Payson var. multicaulis (Torrey) Payson = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist
var. cinerea
jamesii (Torrey) Payson var. pustulosa (Rydberg) Harrington = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene)
Cronquist var. pustulosa (Rydberg) Higgins
jamesii (Torrey) Payson var. setosa (Jones) Johnston ex. Tidestrom = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene)
Cronquist var. cinerea
mexicana (Brandegee) I.M. Johnston [M&H; Sivinski 1998]
Mexican cat’s-eye
micrantha (Torrey) I.M. Johnston [M&H; Sivinski 1998]
red-root cat’s-eye
Eremocarya micrantha (Torrey) Greene
Eritrichium micranthum Torrey
minima Rydberg [M&H; Sivinski 1998]
little cat’s-eye
nevadensis A. Nelson & Kennedy var. nevadensis [Sivinski 1998; Spellenberg et al. 1993]
Nevada cat’s-eye
nevadensis A. Nelson & Kennedy var. rigida I.M. Johnston [Sivinski 2006]
Nevada cat’s-eye
oblata (M.E. Jones) Payson [M&H; Sivinski 1998; W&S]
rough cat’s-eye
Krynitzkia oblata M.E. Jones
Oreocarya hispidissima sensu Wooton & Standley
Oreocarya oblata (M.E. Jones) Macbride
palmeri (Gray) Payson [M&H; Sivinski 1998]
Palmer’s cat’s-eye
Crypthantha coryi I.M. Johnston
Krynitzkia palmeri Gray
Oreocarya palmeri (Gray) Greene
paradoxa (A. Nelson) Payson [M&H; Sivinski 1998]
handsome cat’s-eye
Oreocarya paradoxa A. Nelson
pattersonii (A. Gray) Greene = Cryptantha fendleri (Gray) Greene
paysonii (Macbride) I.M. Johnston [M&H; Sivinski 1998]
Payson’s cat’s-eye
Oreocarya paysonii Macbride
pterocarya (Torrey) Greene var. cycloptera (Greene) Macbride [M&H; Sivinski 1998]
winged cat’s-eye

200
 Crypthantha cycloptera Greene
Krynitzkia cycloptera Greene
pterocarya (Torrey) Greene var. pterocarya [Spellenberg et al. 1991; Sivinski 1998]
winged cat’s-eye
Eritrichium pterocaryum Torrey
Krynitzkia pterocarya (Torrey) Gray
pusilla (Torrey & Gray) Greene [M&H; Sivinski 1998]
low cat’s-eye
Eritrichium pusillum Torrey & Gray
Krynitzkia pusilla (Torrey & Gray) Gray
pustulosa (Rydberg) Payson = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var. pustulosa (Rydberg)
Higgins
ramosa (Lehmann) Greene = Cryptantha albida (Kunth) I.M. Johnston
recurvata Coville [Sivinski 1993; Sivinski 1998]
curved cat’s-eye
setosissima (Gray) Payson [Sivinski 1998]
bristly cat’s-eye
thyrsiflora (Greene) Payson [M&H; Sivinski 1998]
limestone cat’s-eye
Oreocarya hispidissima (Torrey) Rydberg
Oreocarya thyrsiflora Greene
Oreocarya urticacea Wooton & Standley
Cynoglossum hound’s-tongue
*officinale Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
hound’s-tongue
Echinospermum floribundum Lehmann = Hackelia florbunda (Lehmann) I.M. Johnston
ursinum Greene ex Gray = Hackelia ursina (Greene ex Gray) I.M. Johnston var. ursina
Echium bugloss
*vulgare Linnaeus [M&H]
viper’s bugloss
Eddya gossypina Wooton & Standley = Tiquilia gossypina (Wooton & Standley) A. Richardson
hispidissima Torrey = Tiquilia hispidissima (Torrey) A. Richardson
Eremocarya micrantha (Torrey) Greene = Cryptantha micrantha (Torrey) I.M. Johnston
Eritrichium alpine forget-me-not
angustifolium Torrey = Cryptantha angustifolia (Torrey) Greene
aretioides (Chamisso) A.P. de Candolle var. elongatum Rydberg = Eritrichium nanum (Villars)
Schrader ex Gaudin var. elongatum (Rydberg) Cronquist
barbigera Gray = Cryptantha barbigera (Gray) Greene
canescens Gray var. arizonicum Gray = Plagiobothrys arizonicus (Gray) Greene ex Gray
crassisepalum Torrey & Gray = Cryptantha crassisepala (Torrey & Gray) Greene var. crassisepala
elongatum (Rydberg) W.F. Wright = Eritrichium nanum (Villars) Schrader ex Gaudin var.
elongatum (Rydberg) Cronquist
jamesii Torrey [nom. illegit.] = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var. jamesii Cronquist
micranthum Torrey = Cryptantha micrantha (Torrey) I.M. Johnston
multicaule Torrey = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var. cinerea
nanum (Villars) Schrader ex Gaudin var. elongatum (Rydberg) Cronquist [M&H; W&S]
alpine forget-me-not
Eritrichium aretioides (Chamisso) A.P. de Candolle var. elongatum Rydberg
Eritrichium elongatum (Rydberg) W.F. Wright
pterocaryum Torrey = Cryptantha pterocarya (Torrey) Greene var. pterocarya
pusillum Torrey & Gray = Cryptantha pusilla (Torrey & Gray) Greene
Euploca = see HELIOTROPACEAE
Hackelia stickseed
Gentry, J.L. & R.L. Carrier 1976. a revision of Hackelia (Boraginaceae) in North America, north of Mexico. Mem.
New York Bot. Gard. 26(1):121-227.
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, and C. Keller. 1995 [1996]. Additions to the floras of Colorado and New Mexico. Phytologia
79(5):319-324. [Hackelia ursina pustulosa]
besseyi (Rydberg) J.L. Gentry [M&H; W&S]

201
 Bessey’s stickseed
Hackelia grisea (Wooton & Standley) I.M. Johnston
Lappula grisea Wooton & Standley
floribunda (Lehmann) I.M. Johnston [M&H; W&S]
many-flowered stickseed
Echinospermum floribundum Lehmann
Lappula floribunda (Lehmann) Greene
grisea (Wooton & Standley) I.M. Johnston = Hackelia besseyi (Rydberg) J.L. Gentry
+hirsuta (Wooton & Standley) I.M. Johnston [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico stickseed
Lappula hirsuta Wooton & Standley
pinetorum (Greene ex Gray) I.M. Johnston var. jonesii J.L. Gentry [Gentry 1974; Higgins
1979; M&H]
Jones’s stickseed
pinetorum (Greene ex Gray) I.M. Johnston var. pinetorum [Gentry 1974; M&H; W&S]
Livermore stickseed
Lappula pinetorum Greene
ursina (Greene ex Gray) I.M. Johnston var. pustulosa (Macbride) J.L. Gentry [Sivinski et
al. 1995]
Chihuahuan stickseed
ursina (Greene ex Gray) I.M. Johnston var. ursina [Gentry 1974; M&H; W&S]
Chihuahuan stickseed
Echinospermum ursinum Greene
Lappula leucantha Greene
Lappula ursina Greene
Heliotropium = see HELIOTROPACEAE
Krynitzkia angustifolia (Torrey) Gray = Cryptantha angustifolia (Torrey) Greene
crassisepala (Torrey & Gray) Gray = Cryptantha crassisepala (Torrey & Gray) Greene var.
crassisepala
cycloptera Greene = Cryptantha pterocarya (Torrey) Greene var. cycloptera (Greene) Macbride
fendleri Gray = Cryptantha fendleri (Gray) Greene
floribunda Torrey = Antiphytum floribundum (Torrey) Gray
jamesii (Torrey) Gray = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronqusit var. jamesii Cronquist
multicaulis Torrey var. setosa M.E. Jones = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var. cinerea
oblata M.E. Jones = Cryptantha oblata (M.E. Jones) Payson
palmeri Gray = Cryptantha palmeri (Gray) Payson
pterocarya (Torrey) Gray = Cryptantha pterocarya (Torrey) Greene var. pterocarya
pusilla (Torrey & Gray) Gray = Cryptantha pusilla (Torrey & Gray) Greene
Lappula sheepbur
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Lappula squarrosa]
occidentalis (S. Watson) Greene var. cupulata (Gray) Higgins [M&H; W&S]
spiny sheepbur
Lappula texana (Scheele) Britton var. texana
Lappula texana (Scheele) Britton var. coronata (Greene) A. Nelson & Macbride
occidentalis (S. Watson) Greene var. occidentalis [M&H; W&S]
spiny sheepbur
Lappula leucotricha Rydberg
Lappula redowskii (Hornemann) Greene
Lappula redowskii (Hornemann) Greene var. desertorum (Greene) I.M. Johnston
echinata Gilibert = Lappula squarrosa (Retzius) Dumortier
floribunda (Lehmann) Greene = Hackelia floribunda (Lehmann) I.M. Johnston
grisea Wooton & Standley = Hackelia grisea (Wooton & Standley) I.M. Johnston
hirsuta Wooton & Standley = Hackelia hirsuta (Wooton & Standley) I.M. Johnston
leucantha Greene = Hackelia ursina (Greene) I.M. Johnston
leucotricha Rydberg = Lappula occidentalis (S. Watson) Greene var. occidentalis
pinetorum Greene = Hackelia pinetorum (Greene) I.M. Johnston
redowskii (Hornemann) Greene = Lappula occidentalis (S. Watson) Greene var. occidentalis

202
 redowskii (Hornemann) Greene var. desertorum (Greene) I.M. Johnston = Lappula occidentalis (S.
Watson) Greene var. occidentalis
*squarrosa (Retzius) Dumortier [Allred 1999]
bristly sheepbur
Lappula echinata Gilibert
texana (Scheele) Britton var. texana = Lappula occidentalis (S. Watson) Greene var. cupulata (Gray)
Higgins
texana (Scheele) Britton var. coronata (Greene) A. Nelson & Macbride = Lappula occidentalis (S.
Watson) Greene var. cupulata (Gray) Higgins
ursina Greene = Hackelia ursina (Greene) I.M. Johnston
Lithospermum gromwell
Boyd, A. 2002. Morphological analysis of Sky Island populations of Macromeria viridiflora (Boraginaceae). Syst.
Bot. 27(1):116-126.
Cohen, J.I. & J.I Davis. 2009. Nomenclatural changes in Lithospermum (Boraginaceae) and related taxa following a
reassessment of phylogenetic relationships. Brittonia 61(2):101-111.
Turner, B.L. 1994. Synoptical study of the genus Macromeria (Boraginaceae). Phytologia 77(5):393-407.
Turner, B.L. 1995. Synopsis of the genus Onosmodium (Boraginaceae). Phytologia 78:39-60.
angustifolium Michaux = Lithospermum incisum Lehmann
caroliniense (Walter) MacMillan : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
cobrense Greene [M&H; W&S]
Cobre gromwell
confine I.M. Johnston [Higgins 1979]
Arizona gromwell
incisum Lehmann [M&H; W&S]
fringed gromwell
Lithospermum angustifolium Michaux
Lithospermum linearifolium Goldie
Lithospermum oblongum Greene
linearifolium Goldie = Lithospermum incisum Lehmann
macromeria J. Cohen [M&H; Turner 1994; W&S]
giant trumpets
Macromeria thurberi (Gray) Mackenzie
Macromeria viridiflora A.P. de Candolle
Macromeria viridiflora A.P. de Candolle var. thurberi (Gray) I.M. Johnston
Onosmodium thurberi Gray
multiflorum Torrey ex Gray [M&H; W&S]
puccoon, many-flowered gromwell
oblongum Greene = Lithospermum incisum Lehmann
onosmodium J. Cohen [M&H; Turner 1995; W&S]
marble-seed
Onosmodium bejariense A.P. de Candolle var. occidentale (Mackenzie) B.L. Turner
Onosmodium molle Michaux var. occidentale (Mackenzie) I.M. Johnston
Onosmodium occidentale Mackenzie
parksii I.M. Johnston. [M&H]
Parks’s gromwell
viride Greene [M&H; W&S]
green gromwell
Macromeria thurberi (Gray) Mackenzie = Lithospermum macromeria J. Cohen
viridiflora A.P. de Candolle var. thurberi (Gray) I.M. Johnston = Lithospermum macromeria J.
Cohen
viridiflora A.P. de Candolle var. viridiflora = Lithospermum macromeria J. Cohen
Mertensia bluebells
Heil, K. 2006. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 35:3. [Mertensia fusiformis, Mertensia lanceolata
coriacea]
Heil, K. & S. O'Kane. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 41:7. [Mertensia brevistyla]
Williams, L.O. 1937. A monograph of the genus Mertensia in North America. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24:17-159.
alba Rydberg = Mertensia franciscana Heller
alpina (Torrey) G. Don [M&H]
alpine bluebells

203
 amoena A. Nelson = Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. nivalis (S. Watson) Higgins
amplifolia Wooton & Standley = Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. nivalis (S.
Watson) Higgins
bakeri Greene = Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. nivalis (S. Watson) Higgins
brevistyla Watson [Heil & O’Kane 2007]
short-style bluebells
Mertensia fusiformis Greene
caelestina A. Nelson & Cockerell = Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. nivalis (S.
Watson) Higgins
ciliata (James ex Torrey) G. Don [M&H]
fringed bluebells
coriacea A. Nelson = Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. coriacea (A. Nelson)
Higgins & Welsh
cynoglossoides Greene = Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. nivalis (S. Watson)
Higgins
fendleri Gray = Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. nivalis (S. Watson) Higgins
fendleri Gray var. pubens Macbride = Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. nivalis (S.
Watson) Higgins
franciscana Heller [M&H; W&S]
San Francisco bluebells
Mertensia alba Rydberg
Mertensia grandis Wooton & Standley
Mertensia pratensis Heller
fusiformis Greene = Mertensia brevistyla Watson
grandis Wooton & Standley = Mertensia franciscana Heller
lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. fendleri Gray = Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de
Candolle var. nivalis (S. Watson) Higgins
lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. coriacea (A. Nelson) Higgins & Welsh [Heil
2006]
prairie bluebells
Mertensia coriacea A. Nelson
lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. lanceolata [M&H; W&S]
prairie bluebells
lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. nivalis (S. Watson) Higgins [M&H; W&S]
prairie bluebells
Mertensia amplifolia Wooton & Standley
Mertensia amoena A. Nelson
Mertensia bakeri Greene
Mertensia caelestina A. Nelson & Cockerell
Mertensia cynoglossoides Greene
Mertensia fendleri Gray
Mertensia fendleri Gray var. pubens Macbride
Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. fendleri Gray
Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. pubens Williams
Mertensia lateriflora Greene
Mertensia paniculata (Aiton) G. Don var. nivalis S. Watson
Mertensia viridis A. Nelson
Mertensia viridis A. Nelson var. caelestina (A. Nelson & Cockerell) Williams
lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. pubens Williams = Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de
Candolle var. nivalis (S. Watson) Higgins
lateriflora Greene = Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. nivalis (S. Watson) Higgins
paniculata (Aiton) G. Don var. nivalis S. Watson = Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle
var. nivalis (S. Watson) Higgins
pratensis Heller = Mertensia franciscana Heller
viridis A. Nelson = Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. nivalis (S. Watson) Higgins
viridis A. Nelson var. caelestina (A. Nelson & Cockerell) L.O. Williams = Mertensia lanceolata
(Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. nivalis (S. Watson) Higgins
Myosotis forget-me-not

204
 Hutchins, C.R. 1974. A flora of the White Mountains area, southern Lincoln and northern Otero counties, New
Mexico. Privately published. [Myosotis scorpioides)
albida Kunth = Cryptantha albida (Kunth) I.M. Johnston
palustris Lamarck = Myosotis scorpioides Linnaeus
*scorpioides Linnaeus [Hutchins 1974; M&H]
forget-me-not
Myosotis palustris Lamarck
suffruticosa Torrey = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronqusit var. jamesii Cronqist
Onosmodium bejariense A.P. de Candolle var. occidentale (Mackenzie) B.L. Turner = Lithospermum
onosmodium J. Cohen
molle Michaux var. occidentale (Mackenzie) I.M. Johnston = Lithospermum onosmodium J. Cohen
occidentale Mackenzie = Lithospermum onosmodium J. Cohen
thurberi Gray = Lithospermum macromeria J. Cohen
Oreocarya bakeri Greene = Cryptantha bakeri (Greene) Payson
cinerea Greene = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var. cinerea
flava A. Nelson = Cryptantha flava (A. Nelson) Payson
fulvocanescens (S. Watson) Greene = Cryptantha fulvocanescens (S. Watson) Payson
hispidissima (Torrey) Rydberg = Cryptantha thyrsiflora (Greene) Payson
hispidissima sensu W&S = Cryptantha oblata (M.E. Jones) Payson
lutescens Greene = Cryptantha flava (A. Nelson) Payson
multicaulis (Torrey) Greene = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var. cinerea
multicaulis (Torrey) Greene var. laxa Macbride = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var. laxa
(Macbride) Higgins
oblata (M.E. Jones) Macbride = Cryptantha oblata (M.E. Jones) Payson
palmeri (Gray) Greene = Cryptantha palmeri (Gray) Payson
paradoxa A. Nelson = Cryptantha paradoxa (A. Nelson) Payson
paysonii Macbride = Cryptantha paysonii (Macbride) I.M. Johnston
pustulosa Rydberg = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronqusit var. pustulosa (Rydberg) Higgins
suffruticosa (Torrey) Greene = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var. jamesii Cronquist
suffruticosa (Torrey) Greene var. multicaulis (Torrey) Payson = Cryptantha cinerea (Greene)
Cronquist var. cinerea
thyrsiflora Greene = Cryptantha thyrsiflora (Greene) Payson
urticacea Wooton & Standley = Cryptantha thyrsiflora (Greene) Payson
Pectocarya combseed
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Pectocarya heterocarpa]
Cronquist, A. 1984. Boraginaceae, pp. 207-293. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 4. New York Botanical Garden.
[Pectocarya setosa]
heterocarpa I.M. Johnston. [Allred 1999]
chuckwalla combseed
platycarpa (Munz & I.M. Johnston) Munz & I.M. Johnston [Higgins 1979; M&H]
broad-fruit combseed
recurvata I.M. Johnston [Higgins 1979; M&H]
curved combseed
setosa A. Gray [Cronquist 1984]
bristly combseed
Plagiobothrys popcorn-flower
arizonicus (Gray) Greene ex Gray [Higgins 1979; W&S]
Arizona popcorn-flower
Eritrichium canescens Gray var. arizonicum Gray
scopulorum (Greene) I.M. Johnston = Plagiobothrys scouleri (Hooker & Arnott) I.M. Johnston var.
hispidulus (Greene) Dorn
scouleri (Hooker & Arnott) I.M. Johnston var. hispidulus (Greene) Dorn [Higgins 1979;
M&H]
Scouler’s popcorn-flower
Allocarya scopulorum Greene
Plagiobothrys scopulorum (Greene) I.M. Johnston
Plagiobothrys scouleri (Hooker & Arnott) I.M. Johnston var. penicillatus (Greene)
Cronquist

205
 scouleri (Hooker & Arnott) I.M. Johnston var. penicillatus (Greene) Cronquist = Plagiobothrys
scouleri (Hooker & Arnott) I.M. Johnston var. hispidulus (Greene) Dorn
Ptilocalyx greggii Torrey = Tiquilia greggii (Torrey) A. Richardson
Stegnocarpus canescens (A.P. de Candolle) Torrey = Tiquilia canescens (A.P. de Candolle) A. Richardson
var. canescens
Symphytum comfrey
Sivinski, R. 1999. Plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 12:8. [Symphytum officinale]
*officinale Linnaeus [Sivinski 1999]
comfrey
Tiquilia crinklemat
Richardson, A.T. 1977. Monograph of the genus Tiquilia (Coldenia, sensu lato), Boraginaceae: Ehretioideae. Rhodora
79(820):467-572.
canescens (A.P. de Candolle) A. Richardson var. canescens [M&H; Richardson 1977; W&S]
wooly crinklemat
Coldenia canescens A.P. de Candolle
Stegnocarpus canescens (A.P. de Candolle) Torrey
gossypina (Wooton & Standley) A. Richardson [M&H; Richardson 1977; W&S]
Texas crinklemat
Coldenia gossypina (Wooton & Standley) I.M. Johnston
Eddya gossypina Wooton & Standley
greggii (Torrey) A. Richardson [M&H; Richardson 1977; W&S]
plumed crinklemat
Coldenia greggii (Torrey) Gray
Ptilocalyx greggii Torrey
hispidissima (Torrey) A. Richardson [M&H; Richardson 1977; W&S]
spiny crinklemat
Coldenia hispidissima (Torrey) Gray
Eddya hispidissima Torrey
latior (I.M. Johnston) A. Richardson : M&H surmised that this species was common in NM, but
Richardson (1977) showed its distribution to the west and did not find it in the state;
awaits verification.

Family BRASSICACEAE (CRUCIFERAE)

Al-Shehbaz, I.A. (ed.). 2010. Brassicaceae, p. 224-746. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 7. Oxford University Press,
New York.
Rollins, R.C. 1993. The Cruciferae of Continental North America: Systematics of the Mustard Family from the Arctic
to Panama. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. pp. 1-976.
Alyssum alyssum
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 38:7. [Alyssum alyssoides]
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey and R. Peterson. 1994. Additions to the native and adventive flora of New Mexico. Phytologia
76(6):473-479. [Alyssum desertorum]
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, and R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Alyssum minus]
*alyssoides (Linnaeus) Linnaeus [Heil 2007]
pale alyssum
Clypeola alyssoides Linnaeus
*desertorum Stapf [Sivinski et al. 1994]
desert alyssum
ludovicianum Nuttall = Physaria ludoviciana (Nuttall) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
maritimum Linnaeus = Lobularia maritima (Linnaeus) Desvaux
minus (Linnaeus) Rothmaler nom. illeg. = Alyssum simplex Rudolphi
minus (Linnaeus) Rothmaler var. micranthium (C.A. Meyer) Dudley = Alyssum simplex Rudolphi
*simplex Rudolphi [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
European alyssum
Alyssum minus (Linnaeus) Rothmaler nom. illeg.
Alyssum minus (Linnaeus) Rothmaler var. micranthium (C.A. Meyer) Dudley
Arabidopsis cress
Allred, K.W. 2008. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 42:39. [Arabidopsis thaliana]
*thaliana (Linnaeus) Heynhold [Allred 2008]

206
 mouse-ear cress
Arabis rock-cress
Al-Shehbaz, I.A. 2003. Transfer of most North American species of Arabis to Boechera (Brassicaceae). Novon
13:381-391.
angulata Greene ex Wooton & Standley = Boechera perennans (S. Watson) W.A. Weber
consanguinea Greene = Boechera consanguinea (Greene) Windham & Al-Shehbaz
divaricarpa A. Nelson = Boechera divaricarpa (A. Nelson) A.& D. Löve
drummondii Gray = Boechera stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz
eremophila Greene = Boechera perennans (S. Watson) W.A. Weber
fendleri (S. Watson) Greene var. fendleri = Boechera fendleri (S. Watson) W.A. Weber
fendleri (S. Watson) Greene var. spatifolia (Rydberg) Rollins = Boechera spatifolia (Rydberg)
Windham & Al-Shehbaz
formosa Greene = Boechera formosa (Greene) Windham & Al-Shebhaz
glabra (Linnaeus) Bernhardi = Turritis glabra Linnaeus
gracilenta Greene = Boechera gracilenta (Greene) Windham & Al-Shehbaz
hirsuta (Linnaeus) Scopoli var. pycnocarpa (Hopkins) Rollins = Arabis pycnocarpa Hopkins
holboellii Hornemann = Boechera holboellii (Hornemann) A.& D. Löve
holboellii Hornemann var. fendleri S.Watson = Boechera fendleri (S. Watson) W.A. Weber
holboellii Hornemann var. retrofracta (Graham) Rydberg = Boechera retrofracta (Graham) A.& D.
Löve
lignifera A. Nelson = Boechera lignifera (A. Nelson) W.A. Weber
longirostris S. Watson = Streptanthella longirostris (S. Watson) Rydberg
ovata (Pursh) Poiret = Arabis pycnocarpa Hopkins
oxyphylla Greene = Boechera stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz
pallidifolia Rollins = Boechera pallidifolia (Rollins) W.A. Weber
perennans S. Watson = Boechera perennans (S. Watson) W.A. Weber
porphyrea Wooton & Standley = Boechera porphyrea (Wooton & Standley) Windham & Al-
Shehbaz
pulchra M.E. Jones ex S. Watson var. duchesnensis Rollins = Boechera duchesnensis (Rollins)
Windham, Al-Shehbaz, & Allphin
pulchra M.E. Jones ex S. Watson var. pallens M.E. Jones = Boechera pulchra (M.E. Jones ex S.
Watson) W.A. Weber
pycnocarpa Hopkins var. pycnocarpa [M&H; W&S]
bluff rock-cress
Arabis hirsuta (Linnaeus) Scopoli var. pycnocarpa (Hopkins) Rollins
Arabis ovata (Pursh) Poiret
reptans Lamarck = Draba reptans (Lamarck) Fernald
retrofracta Graham = Boechera retrofracta (Graham) A.& D. Löve
selbyi Rydberg = Boechera gracilenta (Greene) Windham & Al-Shehbaz
spatifolia Rydberg = Boechera spatifolia (Rydberg) Windham & Al-Shehbaz
Armoracia horseradish
Al-Shehbaz, I.A. 2010. Armoracia, p. 459-460. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 7. Oxford University Press, New
York. [Armoracia rusticana]
*A. rusticana P. Gaertner
Barbarea yellow-rocket
Hartman, R.L. 1973. New plant records for New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 18(2):241-242. [Barbarea
vulgaris]
orthoceras Ledebour [M&H]
American yellow-rocket
verna (Miller) Ascherson : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
*vulgaris R. Brown [Hartman 1973; M&H]
garden yellow-rocket
Berteroa madwort
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, and C. Keller. 1995. Additions to the floras of Colorado and New Mexico. Phytologia
79(5):319-324. [Berteroa incana]
*incana (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle [Sivinski et al. 1995]
hoary madwort
Alyssum incanum Linnaeus
Boechera rock-cress

207
Al-Shehbaz, I.A. 2003. Transfer of most North American species of Arabis to Boechera (Brassicaceae). Novon
13:381-391.
Al-Shehbaz, I.A. & M.D. Windham. 2010. Boechera, p. 348-412. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 7. Oxford
University Press, New York. [Boechera consanguinea, B. duchesnensis]
Windham, M.D. & I.A. Al-Shehbaz. 2006. New and noteworthy species of Boechera (Brassicaceae) I: Sexual
diploids. Harvard Papers in Botany 11(1):61-88.
Windham, M.D. & I.A. Al-Shehbaz. 2007. New and noteworthy species of Boechera (Brassicaceae) II: Apomictic
hybrids. Harvard Papers in Botany 11(2):257-274.
consanguinea (Greene) Windham & Al-Shehbaz [Al-Shehbaz & Windham 2010]
scarlet rock-cress
Arabis consanguinea Greene
divaricarpa (A. Nelson) A.& D. Löve : Reported by M&H, but our plants are referrable to un-named
hybrids of Boechera stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz × Boechera fendleri (S. Watson)
W.A. Weber [Patrick Alexander, pers. comm., 2007].
Arabis divaricarpa A. Nelson
drummondii (Gray) A.& D. Löve = Boechera stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz
duchesnensis (Rollins) Windham, Al-Shehbaz, & Allphin [Al-Shehbaz & Windham 2010]
Duchesne rock-cress
Arabis pulchra M.E. Jones ex S. Watson var. duchesnensis Rollins
fendleri (S. Watson) W.A. Weber [M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s rock-cress
Arabis fendleri (S. Watson) Greene
Arabis holboellii var. fendleri S.Watson
fendleri (S. Watson) W.A. Weber var. spatifolia (Rydberg) W.A. Weber = Boechera spatifolia
(Rydberg) Windham & Al-Shehbaz
formosa (Greene) Windham & Al-Shebhas [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
desert rock-cress
Arabis pulchra M.E. Jones ex S. Watson var. pallens M.E. Jones
gracilenta (Greene) Windham & Al-Shehbaz [Al-Shehbaz & Windham 2010]
slender rock-cress
Arabis gracilenta Greene
Arabis selbyi Rydberg
Boechera selbyi (Rydberg) W.A. Weber
holboellii (Hornemann) A.& D. Löve s.s. : In the narrow sense of Al-Shehbaz & Windham (2010,
and followed here), Boechera holboellii is found in North America only in
Greenland; our material is referred to Boechera fendleri (S. Watson) W.A. Weber
and Boechera retrofracta (Graham) A.& D. Löve.
lignifera (A. Nelson) W.A. Weber [M&H]
Owen’s Valley rock-cress
Arabis lignifera A. Nelson
pallidifolia (Rollins) W.A. Weber [Windham & Al-Shebaz 2006]
pale rock-cress
Arabis pallidifolia Rollins
perennans (S. Watson) W.A. Weber [M&H; W&S]
perennial rock-cress
Arabis angulata Greene ex Wooton & Standley
Arabis eremophila Greene
Arabis perennans S. Watson
porphyrea (Wooton & Standley) Windham & Al-Shehbaz [M&H; W&S]
Wooton’s rock-cress
Arabis porphyrea Wooton & Standley
pulchra (M.E. Jones ex S. Watson) W.A. Weber s.s. : Not occurring in NM; our material of this
complex is referrable to the segregate species Boechera formosa (Greene) Windham
& Al-Shebhaz [Windham & Al-Shebhaz 2006].
selbyi (Rydberg) W.A. Weber = Boechera gracilenta (Greene) Windham & Al-Shehbaz
spatifolia (Rydberg) Windham & Al-Shebaz [Windham & Al-Shebaz 2006]
spoon-leaf rock-cress
Arabis fendleri (S. Watson) Greene var. spatifolia (Rydberg) Rollins
Arabis spatifolia Rydberg

208
 Boechera fendleri (S. Watson) W.A. Weber var. spatifolia (Rydberg) W.A. Weber
stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz [M&H; W&S]
Drummond’s rock-cress
Arabis drummondii Gray
Arabis oxyphylla Greene
Boechera drummondii (Gray) A.& D. Löve
Turritis stricta Graham
texana Windham & Al-Shebaz [Windham & Al-Shebaz 2006]
Texas rock-cress
+villosa Windham & Al-Shebaz [Windham & Al-Shebaz 2006]
Gorge rock-cress
Brachiolobos hispidus Desvaux = Rorippa palustris (Linnaeus) Besser var. hispida (Desvaux) Rydberg
Brassica mustard
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Brassica napus]
Huff, C. 1996. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 3:6. [Brassica rapa]
McIntosh, L. 1996. Seven additions to the flora of New Mexico. Phytologia 81(5):365-368. [Brassica tournefortii]
Warwick, S.I. 2010. Brassica, p. 419-424. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 7. Oxford University Press, New York.
[Brassica nigra]
alba (Linaeus) Boissier = Sinapis alba Linnaeus
arvensis (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg = Sinapis arvensis Linnaeus
campestris Linnaeus = Brassica rapa Linnaeus
hirta Moench = Sinapis alba Linnaeus
*juncea (Linnaeus) Cosson [M&H; W&S]
Chinese mustard
Sinapsis juncea Linnaeus
kaber (A.P. de Candolle) L.C. Wheeler = Sinapsis arvensis Linnaeus
*napus Linnaeus [Allred 1999]
turnip
nigra (Linnaeus) Koch [Warwick 2010]
black mustard
orientalis Linnaeus = Conringia orientalis (Linnaeus) Dumort
*rapa Linnaeus [Huff 1996; M&H]
rape
Brassica campestris Linnaeus
*tournefortii Gouan [McIntosh 1996]
Sahara mustard
Bursa bursa-pastoris (Linnaeus) Webber = Capsella bursa-pastoris (Linnaeus) Medikus
Camelina false-flax
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 38:7. [Camelina rumelica]
*microcarpa Andrzejowski [M&H; W&S]
little false-flax
*rumelica Velenovsky [Heil 2007]
graceful false-flax
*sativa (Linnaeus) Crantz [M&H]
gold-of-pleasure, field false-flax
Capsella shepherd’s purse
*bursa-pastoris (Linnaeus) Medikus [M&H; W&S]
shepherd’s purse
Bursa bursa-pastoris (Linnaeus) Webber
Thlaspi bursa-pastoris Linnaeus
Cardamine bitter-cress
Forbes, A. 1998. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 8:10. [Cardamine hirsuta]
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Cardamine cordifolia incana]
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Cardamine pensylvanica]
cordifolia Gray var. cordifolia [M&H; W&S]
mountain bitter-cress

209
 cordifolia Gray var. incana Gray ex M.E. Jones [Hartman et al. 2006]
mountain bitter-cress
*hirsuta Linnaeus [Forbes 1998]
hairy bitter-cress
pensylvanica Muhlenberg ex Willdenow [Heil et al. 2002]
Quaker bitter-cress
Cardaria
Al-Shehbaz, I.A., K. Mummenhoff, & O. Appel. 2002. Cardaria, Coronopus, and Stroganowia are united with
Lepidium (Brassicaceae). Novon 12:5-11.
chalepensis (Linnaeus) Handel-Mazzetti = Lepidium chalepense Linnaeus
draba (Linnaeus) Desvaux = Lepidium draba Linnaeus
pubescens (C.A. Meyer) Jarmolenko = Lepidium appelianum Al-Shehbaz
Caulanthus western-cabbage
Spellenberg, R., L. McIntosh, and L. Brouillet. 1993. New records of angiosperms from southern New Mexico.
Phytologia 75:224-230. [Caulanthus lasiophyllus]
lasiophyllus (Hooker & Arnott) Payson [Spellenberg et al. 1993]
western-cabbage
Turritis lasiophylla Hooker & Arnott
Cheiranthus asper Nuttall = Erysimum asperum (Nuttall) A.P. de Candolle
aridus A. Nelson = Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. purshii (Durand) Rollins
aridus Greene = Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. purshii (Durand) Rollins
capitatus Douglas ex Hooker = Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker Greene
longipetalus Ventenat = Matthiola longipetala (Ventenat) A.P. de Candolle
Cheirinia arida (A. Nelson) Rydberg = Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. purshii
(Durand) Rollins
aspera (Nuttall) Rydberg = Erysimum asperum (Nuttall) A.P. de Candolle
asperrima (Greene) Rydberg = Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. purshii
(Durand) Rollins
bakeri (Greene) Rydberg = Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. purshii (Durand)
Rollins
desertorum Wooton & Standley = Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. purshii
(Durand) Rollins
elata (Nuttall) Rydberg = Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. capitatum
inconspicua (S. Watson) Rydberg = Erysimum inconspicuum (S. Watson) MacMillan
wheeleri (Rothrock) Rydberg = Erysimum capitatum (Douglas) Greene var. capitatum
Chorispora crossflower
*tenella (Pallas) A.P. de Candolle [M&H; Marley & Wagner 1981]
crossflower
Raphanus tenella Pallas
Clypeola alyssoides Linnaeus = Alyssum alyssoides (Linnaeus) Linnaeus
Conringia hare’s-ear-mustard
*orientalis (Linnaeus) Dumort [M&H; W&S]
hare’s-ear-mustard
Brassica orientalis Linnaeus
Coronopus didymus (Linnaeus) I.E. Smith = Lepidium didymum Linnaeus
Descurainia tansy-mustard
Goodson, B.E. & I.A. Al-Shehbaz. 2010. Descurainia, p. 518-529. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 7. Oxford
University Press, New York.
Reif, B., J. Larson, B.R. Jacobs, B.E. Nelson, & R.L. Hartman. 2009. Floristic studies in north central New Mexico,
U.S.A., the Tusa Mountains and the Jemez Mountains. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3(2):921-961. [Descurainia
incisa paysonii]
adenophora (Wooton & Standley) O.E. Schulz = Descurainia obtusa (Greene) O.E. Schultz subsp.
adenophora (Wooton & Standley) Detling
andrenarum (Cockerell) Shinners = Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. halictorum
(Cockerell) Detling
brevisiliqua (Detling) Al-Shehbaz & Goodson = Descurainia obtusa (Greene) O.E. Schultz subsp.
brevisilique Detling
californica (Gray) O. E. Schulz [M&H]
Sierran tansy-mustard

210
 Smelowskia californica Gray
incana (Bernhardi ex Fischer & Meyer) Dorn [M&H; W&S]
mountain tansy-mustard
Descurainia richardsonii (Sweet) O.E. Schulz subsp. procera (Greene) Detling
Sisymbrium incanum Bernhardi ex Fischer & Meyer
Sophia procera Greene
incisa (Engelmann ex A. Gray) Britton subsp. filipes (A. Gray) Rollins [Rollins 1993]
tansy-mustard
Descurainia longepedicellata (Fournier) O.E. Schulz
Sisymbrium incisum Engelmann ex A. Gray var. filipes A. Gray
incisa (Engelmann ex A. Gray) Britton subsp. incisa [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
tansy-mustard
Descurainia richardsonii (Sweet) O.E. Schulz subsp. incisa (Engelmann ex A. Gray)
Detling
Sisymbrium incisum Engelmann ex A. Gray
Sophia incisa (Engelmann ex A. Gray) Greene
Sophia serrata Greene
incisa (Engelmann ex A. Gray) Britton subsp. paysonii (Detling) Rollins [M&H; Reif et al.
2009]
tansy-mustard
Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. paysonii Detling
incisa (Engelmann ex A. Gray) Britton subsp. viscosa (Rydberg) Rollins [M&H]
tansy-mustard
Descurainia richardsonii (Sweet) O.E. Schulz subsp. viscosa (Rydberg) Detling
Sophia viscosa Rydberg
intermedia (Rydberg) Daniels = Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton var. intermedia (Rydberg) C.L.
Hitchcock
longepedicellata (Fournier) O.E. Schulz = Descurainia incisa (Engelmann ex A. Gray) Britton subsp.
filipes (A. Gray) Rollins
obtusa (Greene) O.E. Schultz subsp. adenophora (Wooton & Standley) Detling [M&H;
W&S]
blunt tansy-mustard
Descurainia adenophora (Wooton & Standley) O.E. Schulz
Sophia adenophora Wooton & Standley
obtusa (Greene) O.E. Schultz subsp. brevisiliqua Detling [Goodson & Shehbaz 2010]
blunt tansy-mustard
Descurainia brevisiliqua (Detling) Al-Shehbaz & Goodson
obtusa (Greene) O. E. Schulz subsp. obtusa [M&H; W&S]
blunt tansy-mustard
Descurainia obtusa (Greene) O.E. Schultz subsp. brevisiliqua Detling
Sophia obtusa Greene
pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. brachycarpa (Richardson) Detling [M&H]
western tansy-mustard
Sisymbrium brachycarpum Richardson
pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. glabra (Wooton & Standley) Detling [M&H; W&S]
western tansy-mustard
Sophia glabra Wooton & Standley
pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. halictorum (Cockerell) Detling [M&H; W&S]
western tansy-mustard
Descurainia andrenarum (Cockerell) Cory
Descurainia andrenarum (Cockerell) Cory var. osmiarum (Cockerell) O.E. Schulz
Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton var. osmiarum (Cockerell) Shinners
Sophia halictorum Cockerell
pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. intermedia (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock [Heil et al. 2002]
western tansy-mustard
Descurainia intermedia (Rydberg) Daniels
Sophia intermedia Rydberg

211
 pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. ochroleuca (Wooton) Detling [M&H; W&S]
western tansy-mustard
Sophia ochroleuca Wooton
pinnata (Walter) Britton var. osmiarum (Cockerell) Shinners = Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton
subsp. halictorum (Cockerell) Detling
pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. paysonii Detling = Descurainia incisa (Engelmann ex A. Gray)
Britton subsp. paysonii (Detling) Rollins
richardsonii (Sweet) O.E. Schulz subsp. incisa (Engelmann) Detling = Descurainia incisa
(Engelmann ex A. Gray) Britton subsp. incisa
richardsonii (Sweet) O.E. Schulz subsp. procera (Greene) Detling = Descurainia incana (Bernhardi
ex Fischer & Meyer) Dorn
richardsonii (Sweet) O.E. Schulz subsp. viscosa (Rydberg) Detling = Descurainia incisa (Engelmann
ex A. Gray) Britton subsp. viscosa (Rydberg) Rollins
*sophia (Linnaeus) Webb ex Prantl [M&H]
flixweed
Sisymbrium sophia Linnaeus
Dimorphocarpa spectacle-pod
Rollins, R.C. 1979. Dithyrea and a related genus (Cruciferae). The Bussey Institute of Harvard University. pp. 1-32.
candicans (Rafinesque) Rollins = Dimorphocarpa wislizeni (Engelmann) Rollins
palmeri (Payson) Rollins = Dimorphocarpa wislizeni (Engelmann) Rollins
wislizeni (Engelmann) Rollins [M&H; Rollins 1979, 1993; W&S]
spectacle-pod, tourist plant
Dimorphocarpa palmeri (Payson) Rollins
Dithyrea griffithsii Wooton & Standley
Dithyrea wislizeni Engelmann
Dithyrea wislizeni Engelmann var. griffithsii (Wooton & Standley) Payson
Diplotaxis wall-rocket
Marley, G.A. & W.L. Wagner. 1981. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 28:41-43. [Diplotaxis
muralis]
*muralis (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle [Marley & Wagner 1981]
annual wall-rocket
Sisymbrium murale Linnaeus
*tenuifolia (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
perennial wall-rocket
Sisymbrium tenuifolium Linnaeus
Disaccanthus luteus Greene = Streptanthus carinatus Wright ex Gray subsp. arizonicus (S. Watson)
Kruckeberg, Rodman, & Worthington
mogollonicus Greene = Streptanthus carinatus Wright ex Gray subsp. arizonicus (S. Watson)
Kruckeberg, Rodman, & Worthington
validus Greene = Streptanthus carinatus Wright ex Gray subsp. carinatus
Dithyrea griffithsii Wooton & Standley = Dimorphocarpa wislizeni (Engelmann) Rollins
wislizeni Engelmann = Dimorphocarpa wislizeni (Engelmann) Rollins
wislizeni Engelmann var. griffithsii (Wooton & Standley) Payson = Dimorphocarpa wislizeni
(Engelmann) Rollins
Draba whitlow-grass
Al-Shehbaz, I.A., M.D. Windham, & R. Elven. 2010. Draba, p. 269-347. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 7. Oxford
University Press, New York. [Draba abajoensis, D. crassa]
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Draba grayana]
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 38:7. [Draba albertina]
Heil, K.D. 2009 Plant distribution reports [Crypsis alopecuroides, Platanthera obtusata, Draba smithii]. The New
Mexico Botanist 46:7.
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Draba spectabilis]
abajoensis Windham & Al-Shebaz [Al-Shebaz et al. 2010]
Abajo whitlow-grass
albertina Greene [Heil 2007]
Alberta whitlow-grass
aurea Vahl ex Hornemann [M&H]
golden whitlow-grass

212
 Draba aurea Vahl ex Hornemann var. leiocarpa (Payson & St. John) C.L. Hitchcock
Draba leiocarpa Payson & St. John
aurea Vahl ex Hornemann var. leiocarpa (Payson & St. John) C.L. Hitchcock = Draba aurea Vahl
ex Hornemann
aurea Vahl var. neomexicana (Greene) Tidestrom = Draba helleriana Greene var. helleriana
brachycarpa Nuttall : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
breweri S. Watson var. cana (Rydberg) Rollins = Draba cana Rydberg
cana Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
cushion whitlow-grass
Draba breweri S. Watson var. cana (Rydberg) Rollins
Draba lanceolata of North American authors, not Royle
coloradensis Rydberg = Draba reptans (Lamarck) Fernald
crassa Rydberg [Al-Shebaz et al. 2010]
thick-leaf whitlow-grass
crassifolia Graham [M&H]
snowbed whitlow-grass
cuneifolia Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. cuneifolia [M&H; W&S]
wedgeleaf whitlow-grass
cuneifolia Nuttall var. platycarpa (Torrey & Gray) S. Watson (=Draba platycarpa Torrey & Gray) :
Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
gilgiana Wooton & Standley = Draba standleyi Macbride & Payson
grayana (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock [Hartman et al. 2006]
Gray whitlow-grass
Draba streptocarpa var. grayana Rydberg
helleriana Greene var. blumeri C.L. Hitchcock [M&H]
Blumer’s whitlow-grass
Draba helleriana Greene var. pinetorum (Greene) O. E. Schulz
helleriana Greene var. helleriana [M&H; W&S]
Heller whitlow-grass
Draba aurea Vahl var. neomexicana (Greene) Tidestrom
Draba neomexicana Greene
helleriana Greene var. patens (Heller) O.E. Schulz [M&H; W&S]
Heller whitlow-grass
Draba pallida Heller
Draba patens Heller
helleriana Greene var. pinetorum (Greene) O. E. Schulz = Draba helleriana Greene var blumeri C.L.
Hitchcock
lanceolata of North American authors, not Royle = Draba cana Rydberg
leiocarpa Payson & St. John = Draba aurea Vahl ex Hornemann
micrantha Nuttall = Draba reptans (Lamarck) Fernald
mogollonica Greene [M&H; W&S]
Mogollon whitlow-grass
montana S. Watson = Draba rectifructa C.L. Hitchcock
neomexicana Greene = Draba helleriana Greene var. helleriana
pallida Heller = Draba helleriana Greene var. patens (Heller) O.E. Schulz
patens Heller = Draba helleriana Greene var. patens (Heller) O. E. Schulz
petrophila Greene var. petrophila [M&H; W&S]
Santa Rita whitlow-grass
rectifructa C.L. Hitchcock [M&H; W&S]
mountain whitlow-grass
Draba montana S. Watson
reptans (Lamarck) Fernald [M&H; W&S]
Carolina whitlow-grass
Arabis reptans Lamarck
Draba coloradensis Rydberg
Draba micrantha Nuttall
Draba reptans (Lamarck) Fernald forma micrantha (Nuttall) C.L. Hitchcock

213
 reptans (Lamarck) Fernald forma micrantha (Nuttall) C.L. Hitchcock = Draba reptans (Lamarck)
Fernald
smithii Gilg ex O.E. Schulz [Heil 2009]
Smith’s whitlow-grass
spectabilis Greene [Al-Shehbaz et al. 2010; Peterson 2000]
showy whitlow-grass
standleyi Macbride & Payson [M&H; W&S]
Standley’s whitlow-grass
Draba gilgiana Wooton & Standley
streptocarpa Gray [M&H; W&S]
pretty whitlow-grass
Draba streptocarpa Gray var. tonsa (Wooton & Standley) O.E. Schulz
Draba tonsa Wooton & Standley
streptocarpa var. grayana Rydberg = Draba grayana (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock
streptocarpa Gray var. tonsa (Wooton & Standley) O.E. Schulz = Draba streptocarpa Gray
tonsa Wooton & Standley = Draba streptocarpa Gray
Dryopetalon rock-mustard
runcinatum Gray [M&H; W&S]
rock-mustard
Eruca garden-rocket
eruca (Linnaeus) Britton = Eruca vesicaria (Linnaeus) Cavanilles subsp. sativa (Miller) Thellung
sativa Miller = Eruca vesicaria (Linnaeus) Cavanilles subsp. sativa (Miller) Thellung
*vesicaria (Linnaeus) Cavanilles subsp. sativa (Miller) Thellung [M&H; W&S]
garden rocket
Eruca eruca (Linnaeus) Britton
Eruca sativa Miller
Erucastrum pollichii Schimper & Spenner [=Erucastrum gallicum (Willdenow) O.E. Schulz] : Reported
by Campbell & Little (1935), but the identification is corrected to Thelypodium
wrightii Gray.
Erysimum wallflower
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Erysimum cheiranthoides]
Turner, B.L. 2006. Taxonomy and nomenclature of the Erysimum asperum - E. capitatum complex (Brassicaceae).
Phytologia 88(3):279-287.
asperrimum (Greene) Rydberg = Erysimum captiatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. purshii
(Durand) Rollins
asperum (Nuttall) A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S]
plains wallflower
Cheiranthus asper Nuttall
Cheirinia aspera (Nuttall) Rydberg
asperum (Nuttall) A.P. de Candolle var. inconspicuum S. Watson = Erysimum inconspicuum (S.
Watson) MacMillan
bakeri Rydberg = Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. purshii (Durand) Rollins
capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. capitatum [M&H; W&S]
wallflower
Cheiranthus capitatus Douglas ex Hooker
Cheirinia elata (Nuttall) Rydberg
Cheirinia wheeleri (Rothrock) Rydberg
Erysimum elatum Nuttall
Erysimum wheeleri Rothrock
capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. elatum (Nuttall) Torrey = Erysimum capitatum
(Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. capitatum
capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. purshii (Durand) Rollins [M&H; W&S]
Pursh’s wallflower
Cheiranthus aridus Greene
Cheirinia arida Greene
Cheirinia asperrima (Greene) Rydberg
Cheirinia bakeri (Greene) Rydberg

214
 Cheirinia desertorum Wooton & Standley
Erysimum asperrimum (Greene) Rydberg
Erysimum bakeri Rydberg
Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. purshii (Durand) Rollins
Erysimum desertorum (Wooton & Standley) Rossbach
*cheiranthoides Linnaeus [Heil et al. 2002]
worm-seed wallflower
desertorum (Wooton & Standley) Rossbach = Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene
var. purshii (Durand) Rollins
elatum Nuttall = Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. capitatum
inconspicuum (S. Watson) MacMillan [M&H; W&S]
wallflower
Cheirinia inconspicua (S. Watson) Rydberg
Erysimum asperum (Nuttall) A.P. de Candolle var. inconspicuum S. Watson
Erysimum parviflorum Nuttall
parviflorum Nuttall = Erysimum inconspicuum (S. Watson) MacMillan
*repandum Linnaeus [M&H]
spreading wallflower
wheeleri Rothrock = Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. capitatum
Euklisia crassifolia (Greene) Rydberg = Strepthanthus cordatus Nuttall
longirostris (S. Watson) Rydberg = Streptanthella longirostris (S. Watson) Rydberg
valida (Greene) Wooton & Standley = Streptanthus carinatus C. Wright ex A. Gray subsp. carinatus
Greggia camporum Gray var. camporum = Nerisyrenia camporum (Gray) Greene
camporum Gray var. linearifolium (S. Watson) M.E. Jones = Nerisyrenia linearifolia (S. Watson)
Greene
linearifolia S. Watson = Nerisyrenia linearifolia (S. Watson) Greene
Halimolobos fissurewort
diffusa (Gray) O.E. Schulz [M&H; W&S]
fissurewort
Sisymbrium diffusum Gray
Hesperidanthus plains-mustard
Rollins, R.C. 1982. Thelypodiopsis and Schoenocrambe (Cruciferae). Contr. Gray Herb. 212:71-102.
Warwick, S.I., A. Al-Shehbaz, R.A. Price, & C. Sauder. 2002. Phylogeny of Sisymbrium (Brassicaceae) based on ITS
sequences of neclear ribosomal DNA. Can. J. Bot. 80:1002-1017.
linearifolius (Gray) Rydberg [M&H; Rollins 1982; W&S]
slim-leaf plains-mustard
Schoenocrambe linearifolia (Gray) Rollins
Sisymbrium linearifolium (Gray) Payson
Streptanthus linearifolius Gray
Thelypodiopsis linearifolia (Gray) Al-Shebaz
Thelypodium linearifolium (Gray) S. Watson
Hesperis rocket
Cox, G.W. & R.S. Peterson. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Hesperis
matronalis]
africana Linnaeus = Malcolmia africana (Linnaeus) R. Brown
*matronalis Linnaeus [Cox & Peterson 2000]
mother-of-the-evening
Heterothrix longifolia (Bentham) Rydberg = Pennellia longifolia (Bentham) Rollins
micrantha (Gray) Rydberg = Pennellia micrantha (Gray) Niewl.
Hornungia slenderweed
Appel, O. & I.A. Al-Shehbaz. 1997. Generic limits and taxonomy of Hornungia, Pritzelago, and Hymenolobus
(Brassicaceae). Novon 7:338-340.
Heil, K. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 31:2. [Hutchinsia procumbens]
*procumbens (Linnaeus) Hayek [Heil 2004]
slenderweed
Hutchinsia procumbens (Linnaeus) Desvaux
Hutchinsia procumbens (Linnaeus) Desvaux = Hornungia procumbens (Linnaeus) Hayek
Iberis candytuft
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Iberis umbellata]

215
 *umbellata Linnaeus [Allred 1999]
globe candytuft
Isatis woad
Allred, K.W. 1996. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 4:6. [Isatis tinctoria]
*tinctoria Linnaeus [Allred 1996]
dyer’s woad
Lamphrophragma longifolium (S. Watson) O. E. Schulz = Pennellia longifolia (Bentham) Rollins
Lepidium pepperweed
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Lepidium latifolium]
Al-Shehbaz, I.A. 1986. The genera of Lepidieae (Cruciferae; Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. J.
Arnold Arboretum 67:265-311. [Lepidium austrinum]
Al-Shehbaz, I.A. & J.F. Gaskin. 2010. Lepidium, p. 570-595. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 7. Oxford University
Press, New York.
Al-Shehbaz, I.A., K. Mummenhoff, & O. Appel. 2002. Cardaria, Coronopus, and Stroganowia are united with
Lepidium (Brassicaceae). Novon 12:5-11.
Atwood, N.D. & S.L. Welsh. 2007. New taxa of Camissonia (Onagraceae); Erigeron, Hymenoxys, and Tetradymia
(Compositae); Lepidium and Physaria (Cruciferae) from Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. Rhodora 109
(940):395-414. [Lepidium montanum todiltoensis]
Bleakly, D. 2003. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 25:7. [Lepidium appelianum]
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp.
[Lepidium campestre]
Hartman, R.L. 2003. Preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico.
Distributed by the author <rhartman@uwyo.edu>. [Lepidium ramosissimum bourgeauanum]
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Lepidium ramosissimum bourgeauanum]
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Lepidium montanum montanum]
Hitchcock, C.L. 1936. The genus Lepidium in the United States. Madroño 3:265-320.
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey and R. Peterson. 1994. Additions to the native and adventive flora of New Mexico. Phytologia
76(6):473-479. [Lepidium chalepense]
Spellenberg, R., L. McIntosh, and L. Brouillet. 1993. New records of angiosperms from southern New Mexico.
Phytologia 75:224-230. [Lepidium didymum]
Strahan, R. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 40:16. [Lepidium sordidum]
Wagner, W.L. 1983. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 30:126. [Lepidium oblongum]
alyssoides Gray [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
mesa pepperweed
Lepidium montanum Nuttall var. alyssoides (Gray) M.E. Jones
Lepidium montanum Nuttall var. angustifolium C.L. Hitchcock
alyssoides Gray var. angustifolium (C.L. Hitchcock) Rollins = Lepidium alyssoides Gray
alyssoides Gray var. eastwoodiae (Wooton) Rollins = Lepidium eastwoodiae Wooton
*appelianum Al-Shehbaz [Bleakly 2003]
hoary-cress
Cardaria pubescens (C.A. Meyer) Jarmolenko
apetalum Willdenow = Lepidium densiflorum Schrader
austrinum Small [Al-Shehbaz 1986]
southern pepperweed
bourgeauanum Thellung = Lepidium ramosissimum A. Nelson
*campestre (Linnaeus) R.Brown [Great Plains Flora Assoc. 1977]
field pepperweed
Thlaspi campestre Linnaeus
*chalepense Linnaeus [Sivinski et al. 1994]
hoary-cress
Cardaria chalepensis (Linnaeus) Handel-Mazzetti
crenatum (Greene) Rydberg [Rollins 1993]
alkali pepperweed
Lepidium montanum Nuttall var. spathulatum (Vasey ex Robinson) C.L. Hitchcock
Lepidium vasayanum Thellung
Thelypodium crenatum Greene
densiflorum Schrader var. bourgeauanum (Thellung) Hitchcock = Lepidium ramosissimum A.
Nelson
densiflorum Schrader [M&H; W&S]

216
 miner’s pepperweed
Lepidium apetalum Linnaeus
Lepidium ramosum A. Nelson
densiflorum Schrader var. ramosum (A. Nelson) Thellung = Lepidium densiflorum Schrader
*didymum Linnaeus [Spellenberg et al. 1993]
lesser swine-cress
Coronopus didymus (Linnaeus) I.E. Smith
*draba Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
hoary-cress
Cardaria draba (Linnaeus) Desvaux
eastwoodiae Wooton [M&H; W&S]
Eastwood’s pepperweed
Lepidium alyssoides Gray var. eastwoodiae (Wooton) Rollins
glaucum Greene = Lepidium virginicum Linnaeus var. menziesii (A.P. de Candolle) Thellung
hirsutum Rydberg = Lepidium virginicum Linnaeus var. menziesii (A.P. de Candolle) Thellung
intermedium Gray = Lepidium virginicum Linnaeus var. menziesii (A.P. de Candolle) Thellung
intermedium Gray var. pubescens Greene = Lepidium virginicum Linnaeus var. menziesii (A.P. de
Candolle) Thellung
jonesii Rydberg = Lepidium montanum Nuttall
lasiocarpum Nuttall var. lasiocarpum [Al-Shehbaz & Gaskin 2010]
southwestern pepperweed
lasiocarpum Nuttall var. rotundum C.L. Hitchcock = Lepidium lasiocarpum Nuttall var. wrightii
(Gray) C.L. Hitchcock
lasiocarpum Nuttall var. wrightii (Gray) C.L. Hitchcock [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
Wright’s pepperweed
Lepidium lasiocarpum Nuttall var. rotundum C.L. Hitchcock
Lepidium wrightii Gray
*latifolium Linnaeus [Allred 1999]
broad-leaf pepperweed
medium Greene var. medium = Lepidium virginicum Linnaeus var. menziesii (A.P. de Candolle)
Thellung
medium Greene var. pubescens (Greene) Robinson = Lepidium virginicum Linnaeus var. menziesii
(A.P. de Candolle) Thellung
montanum Nuttall var. alyssoides (Gray) M.E. Jones = Lepidium alyssoides Gray
montanum Nuttall var. angustifolium C.L. Hitchcock = Lepidium alyssoides Gray
montanum Nuttall var. canescens (Thellung) C.L. Hitchcock = Lepidium montanum Nuttall
montanum Nuttall var. jonesii (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock = Lepidium montanum Nuttall
montanum Nuttall [Al-Shehbaz & Gaskin 2010; Heil et al. 2002]
mountain pepperweed
Lepidium montanum Nuttall var. canescens (Thellung) C.L. Hitchcock
Lepidium jonesii Rydberg
Lepidium montanum Nuttall var. todiltoensis Atwood & Welsh
montanum Nuttall var. spathulatum (Vasey ex Robinson) C.L. Hitchcock = Lepidium crenatum
(Greene) Rydberg
montanum Nuttall var. todiltoensis Atwood & Welsh = Lepidium montanum Nuttall
oblongum Small [M&H; Wagner 1983]
veiny pepperweed
*perfoliatum Linnaeus [M&H]
clasping pepperweed
ramosissimum A. Nelson var. bourgeauanum (Thellung) Rollins = Lepidium ramosissimum A.
Nelson
ramosissimum A. Nelson [Al-Shehbaz & Gaskin 2010; Hartman 2003; Rollins 1993]
branched pepperweed
Lepidium bourgeauanum Thellung
Lepidium densiflorum Schrader var. bourgeauanum (Thellung) Hitchcock
ramosum A. Nelson = Lepidium densiflorum Schrader
*ruderale Linnaeus [Al-Shehbaz & Gaskin 2010]

217
 roadside pepperweed
sordidum A. Gray [Strahan 2007]
dirty pepperweed
thurberi Wooton [M&H; W&S]
Thurber’s pepperweed
vaseyanum Thellung = Lepidium crenatum (Greene) Rydberg
virginicum Linnaeus var. virginicum [Al-Shehbaz & Gaskin 2010]
poor-man’s pepperweed
virginicum Linnaeus var. menziesii (A.P. de Candolle) Thellung [M&H; W&S]
poor-man’s pepperweed
Lepidium glaucum Greene
Lepidium hirsutum Rydberg
Lepidium intermedium Gray
Lepidium intermedium Gray var. pubescens Greene
Lepidium medium Greene var. medium
Lepidium medium Greene var. pubescens (Greene) Robinson
virginicum Linnaeus var. medium (Greene) Hitchcock = Lepidium virginicum Linnaeus var.
menziesii (A.P. de Candolle) Thellung
virginicum Linnaeus var. pubescens (Greene) Thellung = Lepidium virginicum Linnaeus var.
menziesii (A.P. de Candolle) Thellung
wrightii Gray = Lepidium lasiocarpum Nuttall var. wrightii (Gray) C.L. Hitchcock
Lesquerella
Al-Shehbaz, I.A. & S.L. O'Kane. 2002. Lesquerella is united with Physaria (Brassicaceae). Novon 12:319-329.
alpina (Nuttall) S. Watson var. intermedia S.Watson = Physaria intermedia (S. Watson) O’Kane &
Al-Shehbaz
aurea Wooton = Physaria aurea (Wooton) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
calcicola Rollins = Physaria calcicola (Rollins) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
fendleri (Gray) S. Watson = Physaria fendleri (Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
gooddingii Rollins & Shaw = Physaria gooddingii (Rollins & Shaw) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
gordonii (A. Gray) S. Watson var. densifolia Rollins = Physaria gordonii (A. Gray) O’Kane & Al-
Shehbaz
gordonii (Gray) S. Watson var. gordonii = Physaria gordonii (A. Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
gordonii (Gray) S. Watson var. sessilis S. Watson [=Lesquerella tenella A. Nelson] : Reported as
expected by M&H; awaits verification.
intermedia (S. Watson) Heller = Physaria intermedia (S. Watson) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
lata Wooton & Standley = Physaria lata (Wooton & Standley) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
ludoviciana (Nuttall) S. Watson = Physaria ludoviciana (Nuttall) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
montana (Gray) S. Watson = Physaria montana (Gray) E.L. Greene
montana (Gray) S. Watosn var. suffruticosa Payson = Physaria montana (Gray) E.L. Greene
navajoensis O'Kane = Physaria navajoensis (O’Kane) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
ovalifolia Rydberg = Physaria ovalifolia (Rydberg) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
pinetorum Wooton & Standley = Physaria pinetorum (Wooton & Standley) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
praecox Wooton & Standley = Physaria fendleri (Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
pruinosa Greene = Physaria pruinosa (Greene) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
purpurea (Gray) S. Watson = Physaria purpurea (Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
rectipes Wooton & Standley = Physaria rectipes (Wooton & Standley) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
valida Greene = Physaria valida (Greene) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
Lobularia sweet-alyssum
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Lobularia maritima]
*maritima (Linnaeus) Desvaux [Allred 1999]
sweet-alyssum
Alyssum maritimum Linnaeus
Malcolmia adder’s-mouth
Marley, G. & W.L. Wagner. 1981. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 28:41-43. [Malcolmia africana]
*africana (Linnaeus) R. Brown [Marley & Wagner 1981]
African adder’s-mouth
Hesperis africana Linnaeus
Strigosella africana (Linnaeus) Botschantzev
Matthiola stock
218
 Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Matthiola longipetala]
bicornis A.P. de Candolle = Matthiola longipetala (Ventenat) A.P. de Candolle
*longipetala (Ventenat) A.P. de Candolle [Allred 1999]
night-scented stock
Cheiranthus longipetalus Ventenat
Matthiola bicornis A.P. de Candolle
Myagrum rugosum Linnaeus = Rapistrum rugosum (Linnaeus) Allioni
Nasturtium water-cress
Al-Shehbaz, I.A. & R.A. Price. 1998. Delimitation of the genus Nasturtium (Brassicaceae). Novon 8:124-126.
obtusum Nuttall var. alpinum S.Watson = Rorippa alpina (S. Watson) Rydberg
hispidum (Desvaux) A.P. de Candolle = Rorippa palustris (Linnaeus) Besser var. palustris
linifolium Nuttall = Schoenocrambe linifolia (Nuttall) Greene
*microphyllum Boehmer ex Reichenbach [Rollins 1993]
little-leaf water-cress
Rorippa microphylla (Boehmer ex Reichenbach) Hyland ex Löve and Löve
microtitis (Robinson) O. E. Schulz = Rorippa microtitis (Robinson) Rollins
*officinale R.Brown [M&H; W&S]
water-cress
Radicula nasturtium-aquaticum (Linnaeus) Britton & Rendle
Rorippa nasturtium Rusby
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (Linnaeus) Schinz & Thellung
Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum Linnaeus
palustre Linnaeus = Rorippa palustris (Linnaeus) Besser var. palustris
sinuatum Nuttall = Rorippa sinuata (Nuttall) A.S. Hitchcock
sphaerocarpum Gray = Rorippa sphaerocarpa (Gray) Britton
sylvestre Linnaeus = Rorippa sylvestris (Linnaeus) Besser
terrestre R.Brown var. occidentalis S. Watson = Rorippa palustris (Linnaeus) Besser var. palustris
trachycarpum Gray = Rorippa sinuata (Nuttall) A.S. Hitchcock
Nerisyrenia fan-mustard
Bacon, J.D. 1978. Taxonomy of Nerisyrenia (Cruciferae). Rhodora 80:159-227.
camporum (Gray) Greene [Bacon 1978; M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
bicolored fan-mustard
Greggia camporum Gray var. camporum
Parrasia camporum (Gray) Greene
linearifolia (S. Watson) Greene [Bacon 1978; M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
White Sands fan-mustard
Greggia camporum Gray var. linearifolium (S. Watson) M.E. Jones
Greggia linearifolia S. Watson
Parrasia linearifolia (S. Watson) Greene
Noccaea mountain-cress
Holmgren, P.K. 1971. A biosystematic study of North American Thlaspi montanum and its allies. Mem. N.Y. Bot.
Gard. 21:1-106.
Koch, M. & I. Al-Shehbaz. 2004. Taxonomic and phylogenetic evaluation of the American "Thlaspi" species: Identity
and relationship to the Eurasian genus Noccaea (Brassicaceae). Syst. Bot. 29(2):375-384.
fendleri (Gray) Holub subsp. fendleri [Holmgren 1971; W&S]
Fendler’s mountain-cress
Thlaspi fendleri Gray
Thlaspi montanum Linnaeus var. fendleri (Gray) Holmgren
fendleri (Gray) Holub subsp. glauca (A. Nelson) Al-Shebaz & M. Koch [Holmgren 1971;
W&S]
Fendler’s mountain-cress
Thlaspi alpestre of NM authors
Thlaspi alpestre L. var. glaucum A. Nelson
Thlaspi coloradense Rydberg
Thlaspi fendleri Gray var. glaucum (A. Nelson) C.L. Hitchcock
Thlaspi purpurascens Rydberg
Norta altissima (Linnaeus) Britton = Sisymbrium altissimum Linnaeus
irio (Linnaeus) Britton = Sisymbrium irio Linnaeus
Pachypodium integrifolium Nuttall = Thelypodium integrifolium (Nuttall) Endlicher ex Walpers

219
Parrasia camporum (Gray) Greene = Nerisyrenia camporum (Gray) Greene
linearifolia (S. Watson) Greene = Nerisyrenia linearifolia (S. Watson) Greene
Pennellia pennellia
Rollins, R.C. 1980. The genus Pennellia (Cruciferae) in North America. Contr. Gray Herb. 210:5-21.
longifolia (Bentham) Rollins [M&H; Rollins 1980; W&s]
long-leaf pennellia
Heterothrix longifolia (Bentham) Rydberg
Lamphrophragma longifolium (S. Watson) O. E. Schulz
Streptanthus longifolius Bentham
Thelypodium longifolium (Bentham) S. Watson
micrantha (Gray) Nieuwland [M&H; Rollins 1980; W&S]
mountain pennellia
Heterothrix micrantha (Gray) Rydberg
Streptanthus micranthus Gray
Thelypodium micranthum (Gray) S. Watson
Physaria bladderpod, twinpod
Al-Shehbaz, I.A. & S.L. O'Kane. 2002. Lesquerella is united with Physaria (Brassicaceae). Novon 12:319-329.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Physaria ludoviciana]
O'Kane, S.L., Jr. 1999. Lesquerella navajoensis (Brassicaceae), a new species of the L. hitchcockii complex from New
Mexico. Madroño 46:88-91.
O'Kane, S.L. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 16:7. [Physaria pruinosa]
Rollins, R.C. and E.A. Shaw. 1973. The genus Lesquerella (Cruciferae) in North America. Harvard Univ. Press. 288
pp.
Sivinski, R.C. 1999. A new variety of Physaria newberryi (Brassicaceae) from New Mexico. Sida 18(3):673-677.
[Physaria newberryi yesicola]
acutifolia Rydberg var. acutifolia [M&H; Rollins 1993]
pointed twinpod
Physaria australis (Payson) Rollins
Physaria didymocarpa (Hooker) Gray var. australis Payson
+aurea (Wooton) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
golden bladderpod
Lesquerella aurea Wooton
australis (Payson) Rollins = Physaria acutifolia Rydberg var. acutifolia
calcicola (Rollins) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz [M&H; Rollins 1993]
Rocky Mountain bladderpod
Lesquerella calcicola Rollins
didymocarpa (Hooker) Gray var. australis Payson = Physaria acutifolia Rydberg var. acutifolia
fendleri (A. Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz [M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s bladderpod
Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) S. Watson
Lesquerella praecox Wooton & Standley
Lesquerella stenophylla (Gray) Rydberg
Vesicaria fendleri Gray
floribunda Rydberg var. floribunda [M&H; Rollins 1993]
twinpod
gooddingii (Rollins & Shaw) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz [M&H; Rollins 1993]
Goodding’s bladderpod
Lesquerella gooddingii Rollins & Shaw
gordonii (A. Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz var. densifolia (Rollins) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz =
Physaria gordonii (A. Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
gordonii (A. Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
Gordon’s bladderpod
Lesquerella gordonii (A. Gray) S. Watson var. densifolia Rollins
Lesquerella gordonii (Gray) S. Watson var. gordonii
Vesicaria gordonii Gray
intermedia (S. Watson) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
Santa Fe bladderpod
Lesquerella alpina (Nuttall) S. Watson var. intermedia S.Watson

220
 Lesquerella intermedia (S. Watson) Heller
+lata (Wooton & Standley) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
Lincoln County bladderpod
Lesquerella lata Wooton & Standley
ludoviciana (Nuttall) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz [Heil et al. 2002]
Louisiana bladderpod
Alyssum ludovicianum Nuttall
Lesquerella ludoviciana (Nuttall) S. Watson
montana (A. Gray) Greene [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
mountain bladderpod
Lesquerella montana (A. Gray) S. Watson
Lesquerella montana (Gray) S. Watosn var. suffruticosa Payson
Vesicaria montana A. Gray
navajoensis (O’Kane) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz [O'Kane 1999]
Navajo bladderpod
Lesquerella navajoensis O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz
newberryi A. Gray var. newberryi [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
Newberry’s twinpod
+newberryi A. Gray var. yesicola Sivinski [Sivinski 1999]
gyp twinpod
ovalifolia (Rydberg) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz subsp. ovalifolia [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
round-leaf bladderpod
Lesquerella ovalifolia Rydberg
pinetorum (Wooton & Standley) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
White Mountain bladderpod
Lesquerella pinetorum Wooton & Standley
pruinosa (Greene) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz [O’Kane 2000]
Pagosa Springs bladderpod
Lesquerella pruinosa Greene
purpurea (Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz [M&H; W&S]
purple bladderpod
Lesquerella purpurea (Gray) S. Watson
Vesicaria purpurea Gray
rectipes (Wooton & Standley) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
straight bladderpod
Lesquerella rectipes Wooton & Standley
stenophylla (Gray) Rydberg = Physaria fendleri (A. Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
valida (Greene) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
strong bladderpod
Lesquerella valida Greene
Pleurophragma gracilipes (Robinson) Rydberg = Thelypodium integrifolium (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray)
Endlicher subsp. gracilipes (Robinson) Al-Shehbaz
integrifolium (Nuttall) Rydberg = Thelypodium integrifolium (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) Endlicher
subsp. integrifolium
Radicula calycina (Engelmann) Greene [=Rorippa calycina (Engelmann) Rydberg] : Reported by W&S,
but not known from NM [Stuckey 1972].
hispida (Desvaux) Britton = Rorippa palustris (Linnaeus) Besser var. palustris
nasturtium-aquaticum (Linnaeus) Britton & Rendle = Nasturtium officinale R.Br.
obtusa (Nuttall) Greene [=Rorippa teres (Michaux) Stuckey] : Reported by W&S, but not known
from NM [Stuckey 1972].
sinuata (Nuttall) Greene = Rorippa sinuata (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) Hitchcock
sinuata (Nuttall) Greene var. truncata Jepson = Rorippa curvipes Greene var. truncata (Jepson)
Rollins
sphaerocarpa (Gray) Greene = Rorippa sphaerocarpa (Gray) Britton
sylvestris (Linnaeus) Druce = Rorippa sylvestris (Linnaeus) Besser
tenerrima (Greene) Greene = Rorippa tenerrima Greene
terrestris (R. Brown) Wooton & Standley = Rorippa palustris (Linnaeus) Besser var. palustris

221
Raphanus radish
Warwick, S.I. 2010. Raphanus, p. 438-440. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 7. Oxford University Press, New York.
[Raphanus raphanistrum]
raphanistrum Linnaeus [Warwick 2010]
wild-radish
*sativus Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
radish
tenella Pallas = Chorispora tenella (Pallas) A.P. de Candolle
Rapistrum bastard-cabbage
Allred, K.W. & J. Travis Columbus. 1989. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Phytologia 67(5):361-365.
[Rapistrum rugosum]
*rugosum (Linnaeus) Allioni subsp. rugosum [Allred & Columbus 1989]
bastard-cabbage
Myagrum rugosum Linnaeus
Rorippa yellow-cress
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Rorippa sylvestris]
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 38:7. [Rorippa alpina, Rorippa palustris
palustris]
Schiebout, M.H., D.L. Hazlett, & N. Snow. 2008. A floristic survey of vascular plants over parts of northeastern New
Mexico. J. Res. Inst. Texas 2(2):1407-1447. [Draba teres]
Shehbaz, I.A. 2010. Rorippa, p. 493-506. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 7. Oxford University Press, New York.
Stuckey, R.L. 1972. Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Rorippa (Cruciferae) in North America. Sida 4:279-430.
alpina (S. Watson) Rydberg [Heil 2007]
alpine yellow-cress
Nasturtium obtusum Nuttall var. alpinum S.Watson
*austriaca (Crantz) Besser [Shehbaz 2010]
Austrian yellow-cress
curvipes Greene var. curvipes [M&H; Rollins 1993]
curved yellow-cress
curvipes Greene var. truncata (Jepson) Rollins [M&H; W&S]
curved yellow-cress
Radicula sinuata (Nuttall) Greene var. truncata Jepson
Rorippa truncata (Jepson) Stuckey
islandica (Oeder) Borbás var. fernaldiana Butters & Abbe = Rorippa palustris (Linnaeus) Besser
var. palustris
microphylla (Boehmer ex Reichenbach) Hyland ex Löve and Löve = Nasturtium microphyllum
Boehmer ex Reichenbach
microtitis (Robinson) Rollins [M&H]
Chihuahuan yellow-cress
Nasturtium microtitis (Robinson) O. E. Schulz
Sisymbrium microtitis Robinson
nasturtium Rusby = Nasturtium officinale R. Brown
nasturtium-aquaticum (Linnaeus) Schinz & Thellung = Nasturtium officinale R.Brown
obtusa (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) Britton = Rorippa teres (Michaux) Stuckey var. teres
obtusa (Nuttall) Britton var. sphaerocarpa (Gray) Cory = Rorippa sphaerocarpa (Gray) Britton
palustris (Linnaeus) Besser subsp. glabra (O.E. Schulz) Stuckey var. glabra = Rorippa palustris
(Linnaeus) Besser var. palustris
palustris (Linnaeus) Besser var. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Stuckey = Rorippa palustris
(Linnaeus) Besser var. palustris
palustris (Linnaeus) Besser var. hispida (Desvaux) Rydberg [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
bog yellow-cress
Brachiolobos hispidus Desvaux
Nasturtium hispidum (Desvaux) A.P. de Candolle
Radicula hispida (Desvaux) Britton
palustris (Linnaeus) Besser var. occidentalis (S. Watson) Rollins = Rorippa palustris (Linnaeus)
Besser var. palustris
palustris (Linnaeus) Besser var. palustris [Heil 2007]
bog yellow-cress

222
 Nasturtium palustre Linnaeus
Nasturtium terrestre R.Brown var. occidentalis S. Watson
Radicula terrestris (R. Brown) Wooton & Standley
Rorippa palustris (Linnaeus) Besser subsp. glabra (O.E. Schulz) Stuckey var. glabra
Rorippa palustris (Linnaeus) Besser var. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Stuckey
Rorippa palustris (Linnaeus) Besser var. occidentalis (S. Watson) Rollins
sinuata (Nuttall) A.S. Hitchcock [M&H; W&S]
spreading yellow-cress
Nasturtium sinuatum Nuttall
Nasturtium trachycarpum Gray
Radicula sinuata (Nuttall) Greene
sphaerocarpa (Gray) Britton [M&H; W&S]
round yellow-cress
Nasturtium sphaerocarpum Gray
Radicula sphaerocarpa (Gray) Greene
Rorippa obtusa (Nuttall) Britton var. sphaerocarpa (Gray) Cory
*sylvestris (Linnaeus) Besser [Hartman et al. 2006]
creeping yellow-cress
Nasturtium sylvestre Linnaeus
tenerrima Greene [M&H]
Modoc yellow-cress
Radicula tenerrima (Greene) Greene
teres (Michaux) Stuckey [Schiebout et al. 2008; W&S]
marsh yellow-cress
Rorippa obtusa (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) Britton
truncata (Jepson) Stuckey = Rorippa curvipes Greene var. truncata (Jepson) Rollins
Schoenocrambe linearifolia (Gray) Rollins = Hesperidanthus linearifolius (Gray) Rydberg
linifolia (Nuttall) Greene = Sisymbrium linifolium (Nuttall) Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray
Selenia selenia
dissecta Torrey & Gray [M&H; Rollins 1993]
Texas selenia
Sibara grisea Rollins = Thelypodium texanum (Cory) Rollins
Sinapis charlock
*alba Linnaeus [M&H]
white-mustard
Brassica alba (Linnaeus) Boissier
Brassica hirta Moench
*arvensis Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
charlock, corn-mustard
Brassica arvensis (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg
Brassica kaber (A.P. de Candolle) L.C. Wheeler
juncea Linnaeus = Brassica juncea (Linnaeus) Cosson
Sisymbrium hedge-mustard
Warwick, S.I., A. Al-Shehbaz, R.A. Price, & C. Sauder. 2002. Phylogeny of Sisymbrium (Brassicaceae) based on ITS
sequences of neclear ribosomal DNA. Can. J. Bot. 80:1002-1017.
Warwick, S.I. & I.A. Al-Shehbaz. 2003. Nomenclatural notes on Sisymbrium (Brassicaceae). Novon 13:265-267.
*altissimum Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
tall hedge-mustard
Norta altissima (Linnaeus) Britton
aureum (Eastwood) Payson = Thelypodiopsis aurea (Eastwood) Rydberg
brachycarpum Richardson = Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. brachycarpa (Richardson)
Detling
diffusum Gray = Halimolobos diffusa (Gray) O.E. Schulz
incanum Bernhardi ex Fischer & Meyer = Descurainia incana (Bernhardi ex Fischer & Meyer) Dorn
incisum Engelmann ex A. Gray = Descurainia incisa (Engelmann ex A. Gray) Britton subsp. incisa
incisum Engelmann ex A. Gray var. filipes A. Gray = Descurainia incisa (Engelmann ex A. Gray)
Britton subsp. filipes (A. Gray) Rollins
*irio Linnaeus [M&H]

223
 London rocket
Norta irio (Linnaeus) Britton
linearifolium (Gray) Payson = Hesperidanthus linearifolius (Gray) Rydberg
linifolium (Nuttall) Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray [M&H; Rollins 1982, 1993; W&S]
flax-leaf hedge-mustard
Nasturtium linifolium Nuttall
Schoenocrambe linifolia (Nuttall) Greene
Sisymbrium linifolium (Nuttall) Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray
*loeselii Linnaeus [Allred & Columbus 1989]
false London rocket
microtitis Robinson = Rorippa microtitis (Robinson) Rollins
murale Linnaeus = Diplotaxis muralis (Linnaeus)A.P. de Candolle
nasturtium-aquaticum Linnaeus = Nasturtium officinale R. Brown
officinale (Linnaeus) Scopoli var. leiocarpum A.P. de Candolle = Sisymbrium officinale (Linnaeus)
Scopoli
*officinale (Linnaeus) Scopoli [M&H; W&S]
hedge-mustard
Erysimum officinale Linnaeus
Sisymbrium officinale (Linnaeus) Scopoli var. leiocarpum A.P. de Candolle
*orientale Linnaeus [Rollins, in Kartesz 1999]
Indian hedge-mustard
purpusii (Brandegee) O.E. Schulz = Thelypodiopsis purpusii (Brandegee) Rollins
sophia Linnaeus = Descurainia sophia (Linnaeus) Webb ex Prantl
tenuifolium Linnaeus = Diplotaxis tenuifolia (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle
vaseyi S. Watson ex Robinson = Thelypodiopsis vaseyi (S. Watson ex Robinson) Rollins
Smelowskia californica Gray = Descurainia californica (Gray) O.E. Schultz
Sophia adenophora Wooton & Standley = Descurainia obtusa (Greene) O.E. Schultz subsp. adenophora
(Wooton & Standley) Detling
andrenarum Cockerell osmiarum Cockerell = Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp.
halictorum (Cockerell) Detling
glabra Wooton & Standley = Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. glabra (Wooton &
Standley) Detling
halictorum Cockerell = Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. halictorum (Cockerell) Detling
incisa (Engelmann) Greene = Descurainia incisa (Engelmann ex A. Gray) Britton subsp. incisa
intermedia Rydberg = Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. intermedia (Rydberg) C.L.
Hitchcock
ochroleuca Wooton = Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. ochroleuca (Wooton) Detling
obtusa Greene = Descurainia obtusa (Greene) O. E. Schulz subsp. obtusa
procera Greene = Descurainia incana (Bernhardi ex Fischer & Meyer) Dorn
serrata Greene = Descurainia incisa (Engelmann ex A. Gray) Britton subsp. incisa
viscosa Rydberg = Descurainia incisa (Engelmann ex Gray) Britton subsp. viscosa (Rydberg)
Rollins
Stanleya prince’s-plume
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 38:7. [Stanleya pinnata integrifolia]
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Stanleya viridiflora]
albescens M.E. Jones [M&H; W&S]
white prince’s-plume
arcuata Rydberg = Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britton
pinnata (Pursh) Britton var. integrifolia C. James [Heil 2007]
prince’s-plume
pinnata (Pursh) Britton var. pinnata [M&H; W&S]
prince’s-plume
Cleome pinnata Pursh
Stanleya arcuata Rydberg
viridiflora Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray [Peterson 2000]
green prince’s-plume
Stanleyella wrightii (Gray) Rydberg = Thelypodium wrightii Gray
Streptanthella fiddle-mustard

224
 longirostris (S. Watson) Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
long-beak fiddle-mustard
Arabis longirostris S. Watson
Euklisia longirostris (S. Watson) Rydberg
Streptanthus longirostris S. Watson
Streptanthus jewel-flower
Kruckenberg, A.R., J.E. Rodman, and R.D. Worthington. 1982. Natural hybridization between Streptanthus
arizonicus and S. carinatus (Cruciferae). Syst. Bot. 7(3):291-299.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, and R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Streptanthus sparsiflorus]
arizonicus S. Watson = Streptanthus carinatus Wright ex Gray subsp. arizonicus (S. Watson)
Kruckeberg, Rodman, & Worthington
carinatus Wright ex Gray subsp. arizonicus (S. Watson) Kruckeberg, Rodman, &
Worthington [Kruckeberg et al. 1982; Rollins 1993]
Arizona jewel-flower
Disaccanthus luteus Greene
Disaccanthus mogollonicus Greene
Streptanthus arizonicus S. Watson
carinatus Wright ex Gray subsp. carinatus [M&H; W&S]
lyre-leaf jewel-flower
Disaccanthus validus Greene
Euklisia valida (Greene) Wooton & Standley
Streptanthus validus (Greene) Cory
cordatus Nuttall var. cordatus [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
heart-leaf jewel-flower
Euklisia crassifolia (Greene) Rydberg
Strepthanthus crassifolius Greene
crassifolius Greene = Streptanthus cordatus Nuttall var. cordatus
linearifolius Gray = Hesperidanthus linearifolius (Gray) Rydberg
longifolius Bentham = Pennellia longifolia (Bentham) Rollins
longirostris S. Watson = Streptanthella longirostris (S. Watson) Rydberg
micranthus Gray = Pennellia micrantha (Gray) Nieuwland
platycarpus A. Gray [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
jewel-flower
sparsiflorus Rollins = Streptanthus platycarpus A. Gray
validus (Greene) Cory = Streptanthus carinatus C. Wright ex A. Gray subsp. carinatus
Strigosella africana (Linnaeus) Botschantzev = Malcolmia africana (Linnaeus) W.T. Aiton
Thelypodiopsis tumble-mustard
Rollins, R.C. 1982. Thelypodiopsis and Schoenocrambe (Cruciferae). Contr. Gray Herb. 212:71-102.
Ward, D. & R. Spellenberg. 1981. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 28:185-186. [Thelypodiopsis
purpusii]
aurea (Eastwood) Rydberg [M&H; Rollins 1982]
Durango tumble-mustard
Sisymbrium aureum (Eastwood) Payson
Thelypodium aureum Eastwood
linearifolia (Gray) Al-Shebaz = Hesperidanthus linearifolia (Gray) Rydberg
purpusii (Brandegee) Rollins [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S; Ward & Spellenberg 1981]
Purpus’s tumble-mustard
Sisymbrium purpusii (Brandegee) O.E. Schulz
Telypodium purpusii Brandegee
Thelypodium vernale Wooton & Standley
+vaseyi (S. Watson ex Robinson) Rollins [M&H; Rollins 1982; W&S]
Vasey’s tumble-mustard
Sisymbrium vaseyi S. Watson ex Robinson
Thelypodium thelypody
Al-Shehbaz, I.A. 1973. The biosystematics of the genus Thelypodium (Cruciferae). Contr. Gray Herb. 204:3-148.
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 38:7. [Thelypodium laxiflorum]
Rollins, R.C. 1981. Species of Draba, Lesquerella, and Sibara (Cruciferae). Contr. Gray Herb. 211:107-113.
[Thelypodium texanum]

225
 aureum Eastwood = Thelypodiopsis aurea (Eastwood) Rydberg
crenatum Greene = Lepidium crenatum (Greene) Rydberg
integrifolium (Nuttall) Endlicher ex Walpers subsp. gracilipes (Robinson) Al-Shehbaz
[Al-Shehbaz 1973; M&H; W&S]
smooth thelypody
Pleurophragma gracilipes (Robinson) Rydberg
Thelypodium integrifolium (Nuttall) Endlicher ex Walpers var. gracilipes Robinson
integrifolium (Nuttall) Endlicher ex Walpers var. gracilipes Robinson = Thelypodium integrifolium
(Nuttall) Endlicher subsp. gracilipes (Robinson) Al-Shehbaz
integrifolium (Nuttall) Endlicher ex Walpers var. integrifolium : Reported by M&H, but our plants
belong to Thelypodium integrifolium (Nuttall) Endlicher subsp. gracilipes
(Robinson) Al-Shehbaz [Al-Shehbaz 1973].
Pachypodium integrifolium Nuttall
Pleurophragma integrifolium (Nuttall) Rydberg
Thelypodium lilacinum Greene
lilacinum Greene = Thelypodium integrifolium (Nuttall) Endlicher ex Walpers
laxiflorum Al-Shehbaz [Heil 2007]
drooping thelypody
longifolium (Bentham) S. Watson = Pennellia longifolia (Bentham) Rollins
micranthum (Gray) S. Watson = Pennellia micrantha (Gray) Niewl.
purpusii Brandegee = Thelypodiopsis purpusii (Brandegee) Rollins
vernale Wooton & Standley = Thelypodiopsis purpusii (Brandegee) Rollins
wrightii Gray [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s thelypody
Stanleyella wrightii (Gray) Rydberg
Thelypodium wrightii Gray var. tenellum M.E. Jones
wrightii Gray var. tenellum M.E. Jones = Thelypodium wrightii Gray
texanum (Cory) Rollins [Rollins 1981, 1993]
Texas thelypody
Sibara grisea Rollins
Thlaspi penny-cress
Holmgren, P.K. 1971. A biosystematic study of North American Thlaspi montanum and its allies. Mem. N.Y. Bot.
Gard. 21:1-106.
Koch, M. & I. Al-Shehbaz. 2004. Taxonomic and phylogenetic evaluation of the American "Thlaspi" species: Identity
and relationship to the Eurasian genus Noccaea (Brassicaceae). Syst. Bot. 29(2):375-384.
alpestre of NM authors = Noccaea fendleri (Gray) Holub subsp. glauca (A. Nelson) Al-Shebaz & M.
Koch
alpestre L. var. glaucum A. Nelson = Noccaea fendleri (Gray) Holub subsp. glauca (A. Nelson) Al-
Shebaz & M. Koch
*arvense Linnaeus [M&H]
field penny-cress
bursa-pastoris Linnaeus = Capsella bursa-pastoris (Linnaeus) Medikus
campestre Linnaeus = Lepidium campestre (Linnaeus) R. Brown
coloradense Rydberg = Noccaea fendleri (Gray) Holub subsp. glauca (A. Nelson) Al-Shebaz & M.
Koch
fendleri Gray = Noccaea fendleri (Gray) Holub
fendleri Gray var. glaucum (A. Nelson) C.L. Hitchcock = Noccaea fendleri (Gray) Holub subsp.
glauca (A. Nelson) Al-Shebaz & M. Koch
glaucum A. Nelson = Noccaea fendleri (Gray) Holub subsp. glauca (A. Nelson) Al-Shebaz & M.
Koch
montanum Linnaeus var. fendleri (Gray) Holmgren = Noccaea fendleri (Gray) Holub subsp. fendleri
montanum Linnaeus s.s. : This is a European species perhaps separable from the North American
Thlaspi fendleri Gray
purpurascens Rydberg = Noccaea fendleri (Gray) Holub subsp. glauca (A. Nelson) Al-Shebaz & M.
Koch
Thysanocarpus fringepod
amplectens Greene = Thysanocarpus curvipes Hooker
curvipes Hooker [M&H; Rollins 1993; W&S]
sand fringepod

226
 Thysanocarpus amplectens Greene
Turritis tower-mustard
glabra Linnaeus [M&H]
tower-mustard
Arabis glabra (Linnaeus) Bernhardi
lasiophylla Hooker & Arnott = Caulanthus lasiophyllus (Hooker & Arnott) Payson
stricta Graham = Boechera stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz
Vesicaria fendleri Gray = Physaria fendleri (Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
gordonii Gray = Physaria gordonii (Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
montana Gray = Physaria montana (Gray) Greene
purpurea Gray = Physaria purpurea (Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz

Family BUDDLEJACEAE
Buddleja butterfly-bush
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Buddleja scordioides]
scordioides Kunth [Allred 1999]
escobilla

Family CACTACEAE
Anderson, E.F. 2001. The Cactus Family. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. 776 pp.
Benson, L. 1982. The Cacti of the United States and Canada. Stanford Univ. Press. 1044 p.
Parfitt, B.D. & A.C. Gibson. 2003. Cactaceae, pp. 92-257. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4. Oxford University
Press, New York.
Weniger, D. 1984. Cacti of Texas and neighboring states. University of Texas Press, Austin. 356 pp.
Ancistrocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) L. Benson var. wrightii (Engelmann) L. Benson = Glandulicactus
uncinatus (Galeotti) Backeberg var. wrightii (Engelmann) Backeberg
Cactus viviparus Nuttall = Coryphantha vivipara (Nuttall) Britton & Rose
Cereus coccineus (Engelmann) Engelmann var. cylindricus Engelmann = Echinocereus coccineus
Engelmann var. coccineus
coccineus (Engelmann) Engelmann var. melanacanthus Engelmann = Echinocereus coccineus
Engelmann var. coccineus
conoideus Engelmann & Bigelow = Echinocereus coccineus Engelmann var. coccineus
fendleri Engelmann var. pauperculus Engelmann = Echinocereus fasciculatus (Engelmann ex S.
Watson) L. Benson
greggii Engelmann = Peniocereus greggii (Engelmann) Britton & Rose
greggii Engelmann var. transmontanus Engelmann = Peniocereus greggii (Engelmann) Britton &
Rose var. transmontanus (Engelmann) Backeberg
imbricatus Haworth = Cylindropuntia imbricata (Haworth) F.M. Knuth var. imbricata
mojavensis Engelmann & Bigelow = Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelmann
pectinatus Engelmann in Gray var. rigidissimus Engelmann = Echinocereus rigidissimus
(Engelmann) Rose
roetteri Engelmann = Echinocereus ×roetteri (Engelmann) Rümpler
stramineus Engelmann = Echinocereus stramineus (Engelmann) F. Seitz
Coloradoa mesae-verdae Boissevain & C. Davidson = Sclerocactus mesae-verdae (Boissevain ex
Boissevain & C. Davidson) L. Benson
Coryphantha beehive-cactus
Baker, M.A. & R.A. Johnson. 2000. Morphometric analysis of Escobaria sneedii var. sneedii, E. sneedii var. leei, and
E. guadalupensis (Cactaceae). Syst. Bot. 25(4):577-587.
Gorelick R. 2004. Coryphantha dasyacantha found in New Mexico....and the cacti at Anthony Gap. Cact. Succ. J.
(USA). 78. (4): 184 - 189.
Taylor, N.P. 1978. Review of the genus Escobaria B. & R. Cactus & Succulent J. of Great Britain 40(2):31-37.
Sivinski, R. and K. Lightfoot, eds. 1994. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of New Mexico. New Mexico
Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Misc. Publ. No. 3. [Coryphantha scheerii uncinata]
Zimmerman, A.D. & B.D. Parfitt. 2003. Coryphantha, pp. 220-237. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford
University Press, New York.
arizonica (Engelmann) Britton & Rose = Coryphantha vivipara (Nuttall) Britton & Rose
bisbeeana Orcutt = Coryphantha vivipara (Nuttall) Britton & Rose
organensis D. Zimmerman = Coryphantha sneedii (Britton & Rose) A. Berger
dasyacantha (Engelmann) Orcutt : Though reported by M&H, W&S, and Gorelick 2006, plants
reputed to be this species have been studied in detail by Baker & Johnson (2000)

227
 and other NM botanists, who all agree that the population is referrable to
Coryphantha sneedii (Britton & Rose) A. Berger
Mammillaria dasyacantha Engelmann
deserti Engelmann [=Coryphantha chlorantha (Engelmann) Britton & Rose] : Reported for NM by
Weniger (1984) and Rogers (1953), but Benson (1982) and Zimmerman & Parfitt
(2003) exclude it from the state; awaits verification.
duncanii (Hester) L. Benson [M&H; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
Duncan’s foxtail-cactus
Escobaria duncanii (Hester) Backeberg
Escobesseya duncanii Hester
macromeris (Engelmann) Lemaire [M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
nipple beehive-cactus
Mammillaria macromeris Engelmann
missouriensis (Sweet) Britton & Rose [M&H; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
Missouri foxtail-cactus
Escobaria missouriensis (Sweet) D.R. Hunt
Mammillaria missouriensis Sweet
Neobessya missouriensis (Sweet) Britton & Rose
muehlenpfordtii (Poselger) Britton & Rose = Coryphantha robustispina (Schott ex Engelmann)
Britton & Rose
robustispina (Schott ex Engelmann) Britton & Rose [M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
pineapple cactus
Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii (Poselger) Britton & Rose
Coryphantha scheeri (Muehlenpfordt) Lemaire
Coryphantha scheeri (Muehlenpfordt) Lemaire var. uncinata L. Benson
Mammillaria robustispina Schott ex Engelmann
Mammillaria scheeri Muehlenpfordt
Mammillaria scheeri Muehlenpfordt var. valida Engelmann
scheeri (Muehlenpfordt) Lemaire = Coryphantha robustispina (Schott ex Engelmann) Britton &
Rose
scheeri (Muehlenpfordt) Lemaire var. uncinata L. Benson = Coryphantha robustispina (Schott ex
Engelmann) Britton & Rose
scheeri (Muehlenpfordt) Lemaire var. valida (Engelmann) L. Benson = Coryphantha robustispina
(Schott ex Engelmann) Britton & Rose
sneedii (Britton & Rose) A. Berger [M&H; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
Sneed’s foxtail-cactus
Coryphantha sneedii (Britton & Rose) Berger
Coryphantha sneedii (Britton & Rose) Berger var. leei (Bödecker) L. Benson
Coryphantha strobiliformis (Poselger) Orcutt var. orcuttii (Rose) L. Benson
Coryphantha organensis D. Zimmerman
Escobaria guadalupensis Brack & Heil
Escobaria leei Rose ex Bödecker
Escobaria orcuttii Boedeker
Escobaria orcuttii (Rose ex Orcutt) Bödeker var. koenigii Castetter, Pierce, & Schwerin
Escobaria orcuttii (Rose ex Orcutt) Bödeker var. macraxina Castetter, Pierce, &
Schwerin
Escobaria sandbergii Castetter, Pierce, & Schwerin
Escobaria sneedii Britton & Rose var. leei (Rose ex Boed.) D.R. Hunt
Escobaria sneedii Britton & Rose var. sneedii
Escobaria villardii Castetter, Pierce, & Schwerin
Mammillaria leei (Rose ex Bödecker) Rose
strobiliformis of various authors = Coryphantha tuberculosa (Engelmann) A. Berger
strobiliformis (Poselger) Orcutt var. orcuttii (Rose) L. Benson = Coryphantha sneedii (Britton &
Rose) A. Berger
tuberculosa (Engelmann) A. Berger [M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
Cob cactus
Coryphantha strobiliformis auctores
Echinocactus strobiliformis auctores
Escobaria strobiliformis auctores

228
 Escobaria tuberculosa (Engelmann) Britton & Rose
Mammillaria tuberculosa Engelmann
vivipara (Nuttall) Britton & Rose [M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
spinystar
Cactus viviparus Nuttall
Coryphantha arizonica (Engelmann) Britton & Rose
Coryphantha bisbeeana Orcutt
Coryphantha vivipara (Nuttall) Britton & Rose var. arizonica (Engelmann) W.T.
Marshall
Coryphantha vivipara (Nuttall) Britton & Rose var. bisbeeana (Orcutt) L. Benson
Coryphantha vivipara (Nuttall) Britton & Rose var. radiosa (Engelmann) Backeberg
Escobaria vivipara (Nuttall) F. Buxbaum
Escobaria vivipara (Nuttall) F. Buxbaum var. arizonica (Engelmann) D.R. Hunt
Escobaria vivipara (Nuttall) F. Buxbaum var. bisbeeana (Orcutt) D.R. Hunt
Escobaria vivipara (Nuttall) F. Buxbaum var. neomexicana (Engelmann) F. Buxbaum
Escobaria vivipara (Nuttall) F. Buxbaum var. radiosa (Engelmann) D.R. Hunt
Mammillaria arizonica Engelmann
Mammillaria neomexicana Engelmann
Mammillaria radiosa Engelmann
Mammillaria vivipara (Nuttall) Haworth var. neomexicana (Engelmann) Engelmann
Mammillaria vivipara (Nuttall) Haworth
Cylindropuntia cholla
Pinkava, D.J. 2003. Cylindropuntia, pp. 103-118. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt.1. Oxford University Press,
New York.
Allred, K.W. 2009. Plant distribution reports [Cylindropuntia bigelovii, Ranunculus acris]. The New Mexico Botanist
48:7.
bigelovii (Engelmann) F.N. Knuth [Allred 2009]
teddy-bear cholla
clavata (Engelmann) F.M. Knuth = Grusonia clavata (Engelmann) H. Robinson
davisii (Engelmann & Bigelow) F.M. Knuth [M&H; Pinkava 2003; W&S]
Davis’s cholla
Opuntia davisii Engelmann & Bigelow
Opuntia tunicata (Lehmann) Link & Otto var. davisii (Engelmann & Bigelow) L. Benson
fulgida (Engelmann) F.M. Knuth var. mamillata (Schott) Backeberg : Reported by M&H and
Benson (1982), but its occurrence in NM questioned by Parfitt (pers.comm. 1999)
and restricted to Sonoran Desert by Anderson (2001); awaits verification.
Opuntia fulgida Engelmann var. mamillata (Schott) J.M. Coulter
imbricata (Haworth) F.M. Knuth var. imbricata [M&H; Pinkava 2003; W&S]
cane cholla
Cereus imbricatus Haworth
Opuntia arborescens Engelmann in Wislizenus
Opuntia imbricata (Haworth) A.P. de Candolle
kleiniae (A.P. de Candolle) F.M. Knuth [M&H; Pinkava 2003; W&S]
candle cholla, Klein’s cholla
Opuntia kleiniae A.P. de Candolle
leptocaulis (A.P. de Candolle) F.M. Knuth [M&H; Pinkava 2003; W&S]
desert Christmas cactus
Opuntia leptocaulis A.P. de Candolle
spinosior (Engelmann) F.M. Knuth [M&H; Pinkava 2003; W&S]
walking-stick cholla
Opuntia spinosior (Engelmann) Toumey
Opuntia whipplei Engelmann & Bigelow var. spinosior Engelmann
×viridiflora (Britton & Rose) F.M. Knuth [Benson 1982; Pinkava 2003]
Santa Fe cholla
Opuntia viridiflora Britton & Rose
Opuntia whipplei Engelmann & Bigelow var. viridiflora (Britton & Rose) L. Benson
whipplei (Engelmann & Bigelow) F.M. Knuth [M&H; Pinkava 2003; W&S]
Whipple’s cholla

229
 Opuntia whipplei Engelmann & Bigelow
Echinocactus barrel cactus
Hall, H.H. & S. Flowers. 1961. Vascular plants found in the Navajo Reservoir Basin, pp. 47-87. IN: D.M. Pendergast
(ed.). Ecological studies of the flora and fauna of Navajo Reservoir Basin, Colorado and New Mexico. Univ.
Utah Anthropological Papers, number 55. [Ecinocactus polycephalus]
Heil, K.D. & J.M. Porter. 1994. Sclerocactus (Cactaceae): A revision. Haseltonia 2:20-46.
Zimmerman, A.D. & B.D. Parfitt. 2003. Echinocactus, pp. 188-191. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt.1. Oxford
University Press, New York.
dasyacanthus Engelmann = Echinomastus intertextus (Engelmann) Britton & Rose var.
dasyacanthus (Engelmann) Backeberg
glaucus K. Schumann [=Sclerocactus glaucus (J.A. Purpus) L. Benson] : Reported by W&S, but
not occurring in NM [Benson 1982; Heil & Porter 1994].
hamatacanthus Muehlenpfordt = Ferocactus hamatacanthus (Muehlenpfordt) Britton & Rose
horizonthalonius Lemaire [M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
eagle-claw cactus, blue-barrel
intertextus Engelmann = Echinomastus intertextus (Engelmann) Britton & Rose
mesae-verdae (Boissevain & C. Davidson) L. Benson = Sclerocactus mesae-verdae (Boissevain ex
Boissevain & C. Davidson) L. Benson
papyracanthus Engelmann = Sclerocactus papyracanthus (Engelmann) N.P. Taylor
polycephalus Engelmann & J.M. Bigelow var. xeranthemoides J.M. Coulter : Reported by Hall &
Flowers (1961); needs verification.
reichenbachii Terscheck ex Walpers = Echinocereus reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Haage f.
strobiliformis auctores non Poselger = Coryphantha tuberculosa (Engelmann) A. Berger
texensis Hopffer [M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
horse-crippler
Homalocephalus texensis (Hopffer) Britton & Rose
uncinatus Galeotti var. wrightii Engelmann = Glandulicactus uncinatus (Galeotti) Backeberg var.
wrightii (Engelmann) Backeberg
wislizeni Engelmann = Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelmann) Britton & Rose
Echinocereus hedgehog-cactus
Baker, M.A. 2006. Circumscription of Echinocereus arizonicus subsp. arizonicus: Phenetic analysis of morphological
characters in section Triglochidiatus (Cactaceae), part II. [Echinocereus arizonicus nigrihorridispinus]
Blum, W., M. Lange, W. Rischer, & J. Rutow. 1998. Echinocereus. Fa. Proost. N.V., Turnhout, Belgium.
[Echinocereus arizonicus nigrihorridispinus]
Castetter, E.F., P. Pierce, and K.H. Schwerin. 1976. A new cactus species and two new varieties from New Mexico.
Cactus & Succulent J. 48:77-81. [Echinocereus kuenzleri]
Ferguson, D.J. 1989. Revision of the U.S. members of the Echinocereus triglochidiatus group. Cactus & Succulent
Journal (U.S.) 61:217-224.
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp.
[Echinocereus reichenbachii baileyi]
Powell, A.M., A.D. Zimmerman, & R.A. Hilsenbeck. 1991. Experimental documentation of natural hybridization in
Cactaceae: origin of Lloyd’s hedgehog cactus, Echinocereus xlloydii. Pl. Syst. Evol. 178:107-122.
Taylor, N.P. 1985. The genus Echinocereus. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
Zimmerman, A.D. & B.D. Parfitt. 2003. Echinocereus, pp. 157-174. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt.1. Oxford
University Press, New York.
arizonicus Rose ex Orcutt subsp. arizonicus [Ferguson 1989; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
Arizona hedgehog-cactus
Echinocereus coccineus Engelmann var. arizonicus (Rose ex Orcutt) Ferguson
Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelmann var. arizonicus (Rose ex Orcutt) L. Benson
arizonicus Rose ex orcutt subsp. nigrihorridispinus W. Blum & Rutow [Baker 2006; Blum
et al. 1998]
black-spine Arizona hedgehog-cactus
chloranthus Engelmann = Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelmann
chloranthus Engelmann var. cylindricus (Engelmann) N.P. Taylor = Echinocereus viridiflorus
Engelmann
coccineus Engelmann var. arizonicus (Rose ex Orcutt) Ferguson = Echinocereus arizonicus Rose ex
Orcutt
coccineus Engelmann [Ferguson 1989; M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
scarlet hedgehog-cactus
Cereus coccineus (Engelmann) Engelmann var. cylindricus Engelmann
Cereus coccineus (Engelmann) Engelmann var. melanacanthus Engelmann

230
 Cereus conoideus Engelmann & Bigelow
Echinocereus conoideus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann
Echinocereus melanacanthus (Engelmann) Engelmann
Echinocereus polyacanthus Engelmann
Echinocereus rosei Wooton & Standley
Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelmann var. melanacanthus (Engelmann) L. Benson
coccineus Engelmann var. gurneyi (Benson) Heil & Brack = Echinocereus ×roetteri (Engelmann)
Rümpler
conoideus Engelmann = Echinocereus coccineus Engelmann
dasyacanthus Engelmann [M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
spiny hedgehog-cactus
Echinocereus pectinatus (Schwidweiler) Engelmann var. dasyacanthus (Engelmann) N.P.
Taylor
dasyacanthus Engelmann in Wislizenus var. rigidissimus (Engelmann) W.T. Marshall =
Echinocereus rigidissimus (Engelmann) Rose
enneacanthus Engelmann var. brevispinus (W.O. Moore) L. Benson : Erroneously reported for NM
by Taylor (1985), citing the Ash Canyon record for Echinocereus enneacanthus
Engelmann var. enneacanthus reported by Benson (1982).
enneacanthus Engelmann var. enneacanthus [Benson 1982]. Note: Reported from Ash Canyon,
San Andres Mts, Doña Ana County, but Zimmerman & Parfitt (2003) dispute this; warrants
verification.
Echinocereus enneacanthus Engelmann var. dubius (Engelmann) L. Benson
enneacanthus Engelmann var. dubius (Engelmann) L. Benson = Echinocereus enneacanthus
Engelmann var. enneacanthus
enneacanthus Engelmann var. stramineus (Engelmann) L. Benson = Echinocereus stramineus
(Engelmann) F. Seitz
fasciculatus (Engelmann) L. Benson : Not known from NM (Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003); NM
reports probably pertain to Echinocereus fendleri (Engelmann) Engelmann ex
Rümpler
Cereus fendleri Engelmann var. pauperculus Engelmann
Echinocereus fendleri (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler var. fasciculatus (Engelmann
ex S. Watson) N.P. Taylor
fendleri (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler var. fasciculatus (Engelmann ex S. Watson) N.P.
Taylor = Echinocereus fasciculatus (Engelmann ex S. Watson) L. Benson
fendleri (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler [M&H; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
Fendler’s hedgehog-cactus
Echinocereus fendleri (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler var. kuenzleri (Castetter,
Pierce & Schwerin) L. Benson
Echinocereus kuenzleri Castetter, Pierce & Schwerin
Echinocereus rectispinus Peebles
fendleri (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler var. kuenzleri (Castetter, Pierce & Schwerin) L.
Benson = Echinocereus fendleri (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler
fendleri (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler var. rectispinus (Peebles) L. Benson = Echinocereus
fendleri (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler
gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rümpler = Echinocereus triglochidiatus
Engelmann
kuenzleri Castetter, Pierce & Schwerin = Echinocereus fendleri (Engelmann) Engelmann ex
Rümpler
lloydii Britton & Rose = Echinocereus ×roetteri (Engelmann) Rümpler
melanacanthus Engelmann = Echinocereus coccineus Engelmann
×neomexicanus Coulter = Echinocereus ×roetteri (Engelmann) Rümpler
neomexicanus Standley = Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelmann
paucispinus Engelmann ex Rümpler [=Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelmann var. paucispinus
(Engelmann) Engelmann ex W.T. Marshall] : Reported by W&S, but not by any
others; needs verification.
pectinatus (Schwidweiler) Engelmann var. dasyacanthus (Engelmann) N.P. Taylor = Echinocereus
dasyacanthus Engelmann
pectinatus (Schwidweiler) Engelmann var. minor (Engelmann) L. Benson = Echinocereus ×roetteri
(Engelmann) Rümpler

231
pectinatus (Schwidweiler) Engelmann var. neomexicanus (Coulter) L. Benson = Echinocereus
×roetteri (Engelmann) Rümpler
pectinatus (Schwidweiler) Engelmann var. rigidissimus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler =
Echinocereus rigidissimus (Engelmann) Rose
polyacanthus Engelmann = Echinocereus coccineus Engelmann
rectispinus Peebles = Echinocereus fendleri (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpleru
reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Haage f. [M&H; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
lacy hedgehog-cactus
Echinocactus reichenbachii Terscheck ex Walpers
Echinocereus reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Haage f. var. albospinus (Lahman)
L. Benson
Echinocereus reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Haage f. var. baileyi (Rose) N.P.
Taylor
Echinocereus reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Haage f. var. perbellus (Britton &
Rose) L. Benson
reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Haage f. var. albospinus (Lahman) L. Benson = Echinocereus
reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Haage f.
reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Haage f. var. baileyi (Rose) N.P. Taylor = Echinocereus
reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Haage f.
reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Haage f. var. perbellus (Britton & Rose) L. Benson =
Echinocereus reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Haage f.
rigidissimus (Engelmann) Rose var. rigidissimus [M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
stiff-spine hedgehog-cactus
Cereus pectinatus Engelmann in Gray var. rigidissimus Engelmann
Echinocereus dasyacanthus Engelmann in Wislizenus var. rigidissimus (Engelmann)
W.T. Marshall
Echinocereus pectinatus (Schwidweiler) Engelmann var. rigidissimus (Engelmann)
Engelmann ex Rümpler
rosei Wooton & Standley = Echinocereus coccineus Engelmann
×roetteri (Engelmann) Rümpler [Anderson 2001; M&H; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
Lloyd’s hedgehog-cactus
Cereus roetteri Engelmann
Echinocereus coccineus Engelmann var. gurneyi (Benson) Heil & Brack
Echinocereus lloydii Britton & Rose
Echinocereus ×neomexicanus Coulter
Echinocereus pectinatus (Schwidweiler) Engelmann var. minor (Engelmann) L. Benson
Echinocereus pectinatus (Schwidweiler) Engelmann var. neomexicanus (Coulter) L.
Benson
Echinocereus triglochiadiatus Engelmann var. gurneyi Benson
stramineus (Engelmann) F. Seitz [M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
strawberry hedgehog-cactus
Cereus stramineus Engelmann
Echinocereus enneacanthus Engelmann var. stramineus (Engelmann) L. Benson
triglochidiatus Engelmann var. arizonicus (Rose ex Orcutt) L. Benson = Echinocereus arizonicus
Rose ex Orcutt
triglochidiatus Engelmann var. gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Boissevain = Echinocereus
triglochidiatus Engelmann
triglochidiatus Engelmann var. gurneyi L. Benson = Echinocereus ×roetteri (Engelmann) Rümpler
triglochidiatus Engelmann var. melanacanthus (Engelmann) L. Benson = Echinocereus coccineus
Engelmann
triglochidiatus Engelmann var. mojavensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) L. Benson = Echinocereus
triglochidiatus Engelmann
triglochidiatus Engelmann var. neomexicanus (Standley) Standley ex W.T. Marshall = Echinocereus
triglochidiatus Engelmann
triglochidiatus Engelmann [Ferguson 1989; M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
claret-cup cactus
Cereus gonacanthus Engelmann & Bigelow
Cereus mojavensis Engelmann & Bigelow
Echinocereus neomexicanus Standley

232
 Echinocereus gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rümpler
Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelmann var. gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow)
Boissevain
Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelmann var. mojavensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) L.
Benson
Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelmann var. neomexicanus (Standley) Standley ex W.T.
Marshall
viridiflorus Engelmann subsp. chloranthus (Engelmann) N.P. Taylor = Echinocereus viridiflorus
Engelmann
viridiflorus Engelmann subsp. cylindricus (Engelmann) N.P. Taylor = Echinocereus viridiflorus
Engelmann
viridiflorus Engelmann [M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
nylon hedgehog-cactus
Echinocereus chloranthus Engelmann
Echinocereus chloranthus Engelmann var. cylindricus (Engelmann) N.P. Taylor
Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelmann subsp. chloranthus (Engelmann) N.P. Taylor
Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelmann subsp. cylindricus (Engelmann) N.P. Taylor
Echinomastus early-bloomer
Zimmerman, A.D. & B.D. Parfitt. 2003. Echinomastus, pp. 192-196. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt.1. Oxford
University Press, New York.
dasyacanthus (Engelmann) Britton & Rose = Echinomastus intertextus (Engelmann) Britton & Rose
var. dasyacanthus (Engelmann) Backeberg
intertextus (Engelmann) Britton & Rose var. dasyacanthus (Engelmann) Backeberg
[M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
early-bloomer
Echinocactus dasyacanthus Engelmann
Echinomastus dasyacanthus (Engelmann) Britton & Rose
Neolloydia intertexta (Engelmann) L. Benson
Neolloydia intertexta (Engelmann) L. Benson var. dasyacantha (Engelmann) L. Benson
intertextus (Engelmann) Britton & Rose var. intertextus [M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt
2003]
early-bloomer
Echinocactus intertextus Engelmann
Neolloydia intertexta (Engelmann) L. Benson var. intertexta
Epithelantha ball-cactus
Zimmerman, A.D. & B.D. Parfitt. 2003. Epithelantha, pp. 239-240. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford
University Press, New York.
micromeris (Engelmann) Weber ex Britton & Rose var. micromeris [M&H; W&S;
Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
ping-pong-ball cactus
Mammillaria micromeris Engelmann
Escobaria dasyacantha (Engelmann) Britton & Rose = Coryphantha dasyacantha (Engelmann) A. Berger
duncanii (Hester) Backeberg = Coryphantha duncanii (Hester) L. Benson
guadalupensis Brack & Heil = Coryphantha sneedii (Britton & Rose) A. Berger
leei Rose ex Bodecker = Coryphantha sneedii (Britton & Rose) Berger
missouriensis (Sweet) D.R. Hunt = Coryphantha missouriensis (Sweet) Britton & Rose
orcuttii (Rose ex Orcutt) Bödeker var. koenigii Castetter, Pierce, & Schwerin = Coryphantha sneedii
(Britton & Rose) A. Berger
orcuttii (Rose ex Orcutt) Bödeker var. macraxina Castetter, Pierce, & Schwerin = Coryphantha
sneedii (Britton & Rose) A. Berger
orcuttii (Rose ex Orcutt) Bödeker = Coryphantha sneedii (Britton & Rose) A. Berger
organensis (D. Zimmerman) Castetter, Pierce, & Schwerin = Coryphantha sneedii (Britton & Rose)
A. Berger
sandbergii Castetter, Pierce, & Schwerin = Coryphantha sneedii (Britton & Rose) A. Berger
sneedii Britton & Rose var. leei (Rose ex Bödecker) D.R. Hunt = Coryphantha sneedii (Britton &
Rose) A. Berger
sneedii Britton & Rose var. sneedii = Coryphantha sneedii (Britton & Rose) A. Berger
strobiliformis (Poselger) Scheere ex Bödeker : The type of this taxon belongs to Escobaria
chihuahuensis Britton & Rose, not known from NM; our plants belong to
Coryphantha tuberculosa (Engelmann) A. Berger

233
 tuberculosa (Engelmann) Britton & Rose = Coryphantha tuberculosa (Engelmann) A. Berger
villardii Castetter, Pierce, & Schwerin = Coryphantha sneedii (Britton & Rose) A. Berger
vivipara (Nuttall) F. Buxbaum var. arizonica (Engelmann) D.R. Hunt = Coryphantha vivipara
(Nuttall) Britton & Rose
vivipara (Nuttall) F. Buxbaum var. bisbeeana (Orcutt) D.R. Hunt = Coryphantha vivipara (Nuttall)
Britton & Rose
vivipara (Nuttall) F. Buxbaum var. radiosa (Engelmann) D.R. Hunt = Coryphantha vivipara
(Nuttall) Britton & Rose
vivipara (Nuttall) F. Buxbaum var. neomexicana (Engelmann) F. Buxbaum = Coryphantha vivipara
(Nuttall) Britton & Rose
vivipara (Nuttall) F. Buxbaum = Coryphantha vivipara (Nuttall) Britton & Rose
Escobesseya duncanii Hester = Coryphantha duncanii (Hester) L. Benson
Ferocactus barrel-cactus
Zimmerman, A.D. & B.D. Parfitt. 2003. Ferocactus, pp. 243-247. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford
University Press, New York.
hamatacanthus (Muehlenpfordt) Britton & Rose var. hamatacanthus [Benson 1982; M&H;
Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
turk’s-head
Echinocactus hamatacanthus Muehlenpfordt
wislizeni (Engelmann) Britton & Rose [Benson 1982; M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
fish-hook barrel-cactus
Echinocactus wislizeni Engelmann
Glandulicactus fish-hook cactus
Zimmerman, A.D. & B.D. Parfitt. 2003. Glandulicactus, pp. 207-208. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1.
Oxford University Press, New York.
uncinatus (Galeotti) Backeberg var. wrightii (Engelmann) Backeberg [M&H; W&S;
Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
Chihuahuan fish-hook cactus
Ancistrocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) L. Benson var. wrightii (Engelmann) L. Benson
Echinocactus uncinatus Galeotti var. wrightii Engelmann
Sclerocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) N.P. Taylor subsp. wrightii (Engelmann) N.P. Taylor
Thelocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) Marshall var. wrightii (Engelmann) Marshall
Grusonia club-cholla
Pinkava, D.J. 2003. Grusonia, pp. 118-123. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt.1. Oxford University Press, New
York.
+clavata (Engelmann) H. Robinson [M&H; W&S]
club-cholla
Cylindropuntia clavata (Engelmann) F.M Knuth
Opuntia clavata Engelmann
emoryi (Engelmann) Pinkava [M&H; W&S]
Emory’s club-cholla
Opuntia emoryi Engelmann
Opuntia stanlyi Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson
grahamii (Engelmann) H. Robinson [M&H; W&S]
Graham’s club-cholla
Opuntia densispina Ralston & Hilsenbeck
Opuntia grahamii Engelmann
Opuntia schottii Engelmann var. grahamii (Engelmann) L. Benson
Homalocephalus texensis (Hopffer) Britton & Rose = Echinocactus texensis Hopffer
Mammillaria nipple-cactus
Hunt, D.R. 1971. Schumann and Buxbaum reconciled. The Schumann system of Mammillaria classification brought
provisionally up-to-date. Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 33:53-72.
Zimmerman, A.D. & B.D. Parfitt. 2003. Mammillaria, pp. 247-257. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford
University Press, New York.
applanata Engelmann = Mammillaria heyderi Muehlenpfordt var. heyderi
arizonica Engelmann = Coryphantha vivipara (Nuttall) Britton & Rose
barbata Engelmann [M&H; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
nipple-cactus
Mammillaria chavezei Cowper

234
 Mammillaria orestera L. Benson
Mammillaria viridiflora (Britton & Rose) Bödeker
chavezei Cowper = Mammillaria barbata Engelmann
dasyacantha Engelmann = Coryphantha dasyacantha (Engelmann) Orcutt
grahamii Engelmann [M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
Graham’s nipple-cactus
gummifera Engelmann var. applanata (Engelmann) L. Benson = Mammillaria heyderi
Muehlenpfordt var. heyderi
gummifera Engelmann var. meiacantha (Engelmann) L. Benson = Mammillaria meiacantha
Engelmann
heyderi Muehlenpfordt var. heyderi [M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
Heyder’s nipple-cactus
Mammillaria applanata Engelmann
Mammillaria gummifera Engelmann var. applanata (Engelmann) L. Benson
heyderi Muehlenpfordt var. bullingtoniana Castetter, P. Pierce & K.H. Schwerin
[Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
cream nipple-cactus
heyderi Muehlenpfordt var. macdougalii (Rose) L. Benson [=Mammillaria macdougalii Rose] :
Known only from near Tucson, Arizona; NM reports refer to Mammillaria heyderi
Muehlenpfordt var. bullingtoniana Castetter, P. Pierce & K.H. Schwerin
heyderi Muehlenpfordt var. meiacantha (Engelmann) L. Benson = Mammillaria meiacantha
Engelmann
lasiacantha Engelmann [M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
lacy-spine nipple-cactus
Mammillaria lasiacantha Engelmann var. denudata Engelmann
lasiacantha Engelmann var. denudata Engelmann = Mammillaria lasiacantha Engelmann
leei (Boedeker) Rose = Coryphantha sneedii (Britton & Rose) A. Berger
macromeris Engelmann = Coryphantha macromeris (Engelmann) Britton & Rose
meiacantha Engelmann [M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
little nipple-cactus
Mammillaria gummifera Engelmann var. meiacantha (Engelmann) L. Benson
Mammillaria heyderi Muehlenpfordt var. meiacantha (Engelmann) L. Benson
Mammillaria melanocentra Poselger var. meiacantha (Engelmann) Craig
melanocentra Poselger var. meiacantha (Engelmann) Craig = Mammillaria meiacantha Engelmann
micromeris Engelmann = Epithelantha micromeris (Engelmann) Weber ex Britton & Rose
missouriensis Sweet = Coryphantha missouriensis (Sweet) Britton & Rose
neomexicana Engelmann = Escobaria vivipara (Nuttall) F. Buxbaum
orestera Benson = Mammillaria barbata Engelmann
radiosa Engelmann = Escobaria vivipara (Nuttall) F. Buxbaum
robustispina Schott ex Engelmann = Coryphantha robustispina (Schott ex Engelmann) Britton &
Rose
scheerii Muehlenpfordt = Coryphantha robustispina (Schott ex Engelmann) Britton & Rose
scheerii Muehlenpfordt var valida Engelmann = Coryphantha robustispina (Schott ex Engelmann)
Britton & Rose
tuberculosa Engelmann = Coryphantha tuberculosa (Engelmann) A. Berger
viridiflora (Britton & Rose) Bödeker = Mammillaria barbata Engelmann
vivipara (Nuttall) Haworth = Coryphantha vivipara (Nuttall) Britton & Rose
vivipara (Nuttall) Haworth var. neomexicana (Engelmann) Engelmann = Coryphantha vivipara
(Nuttall) Britton & Rose
wilcoxii Toumey ex Schumann = Mammillaria wrightii Engelmann var. wilcoxii (Toumey ex
Schumann) Marshall
wrightii Engelmann var. wilcoxii (Toumey ex Schumann) Marshall [Benson 1982;
Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
Wilcox’s nipple-cactus
Mammillaria wilcoxii Toumey ex Schumann
wrightii Engelmann var. wrightii [Benson 1982; M&H; W&S; Zimmerman & Parfitt 2003]
Wright’s nipple-cactus
Neobessya missouriensis (Sweet) Britton & Rose = Escobaria missouriensis (Sweet) D.R. Hunt

235
Neolloydia intertexta (Engelmann) L. Benson var. dasyacantha (Engelmann) L. Benson = Echinomastus
intertextus (Engelmann) Britton & Rose var. dasyacantha (Engelmann) Backeberg
intertexta (Engelmann) L. Benson = Echinomastus intertextus (Engelmann) Britton & Rose var.
intertextus
Opuntia prickly-pear
Denham, R.A. 1996. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 4:6. [Opuntia chihuahuaensis]
Ferguson, D.J. 1987. Opuntia cymochila Eng. & Bigelow: A species lost in the shuffle. Cactus & Succulent J. (U.S.)
59:256-260.
Ferguson, D.J. 1988. Opuntia macrocentra Eng. and Opuntia chlorotica Eng. & Big. Cactus and Succulent Journal
(U.S.) 60(3):155-160.
Grant, V. & K.A. Grant. 1979. Systematics of the Opuntia phaeacantha group in Texas. Bot. Gaz (Crawfordsville)
140:199-207.
Leuenberger, B.E. 1971. Interpretation and typification of Cactus ficus-indica Linnaeus and Opuntia ficus-indica
(Linnaeus) Miller (Cactaceae). Taxon 40:621-627.
Parfitt, B.D. 1998. New nomenclatural combinations in the Opuntia polyacantha complex. Cactus & Succulent J.
(U.S.) 70(4):188.
Parfitt, B.D. and D.J. Pinkava. 1988. Nomenclatural and systematic reassessment of Opuntia engelmannii and O.
lindheimeri (Cactaceae). Madroño 35(4):342-349.
Pinkava, D.J. 2003. Opuntia, pp. 123-148. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt.1. Oxford University Press, New
York.
Pinkava, D.J. and B.D. Parfitt. 1988. Nomenclatural changes in Chihuahuan Desert Opuntia (Cactaceae). Sida
13(2):125-130.
Sivinski, R. and K. Lightfoot, eds. 1994. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of New Mexico. New Mexico
Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Misc. Publ. No. 3. [Opuntia valida]
arborescens Engelmann in Wislizenus = Cylindropuntia imbricata (Haworth) F.M. Knuth
arenaria Engelmann = Opuntia polyacantha Haworth var. arenaria (Engelmann) Parfitt
brachyarthra Engelmann & Bigelow = Opuntia fragilis Nuttall
camanchica Engelmann & Bigelow = Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann
chihuahuensis Rose = Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann
chlorotica Engelmann & Bigelow [M&H; W&S]
clock-face prickly-pear
chlorotica Engelmann & Bigelow var. santa-rita Griffiths & Hare = Opuntia santa-rita (Griffiths &
Hare) Rose
clavata Engelmann = Grusonia clavata (Engelmann) H. Robinson
confusa Griffiths = Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann
cyclodes (Engelmann & Bigelow) Rose = Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann
cymochila Engelmann & Bigelow = Opuntia tortispina Engelmann & J.M. Bigelow
cymochila Engelmann var. montana Engelmann & Bigelow = Opuntia pottsii Salm-Dyck
davisii Engelmann & Bigelow = Cylindropuntia davisii (Engelmann & Bigelow) F.M. Knuth
densispina Ralston & Hilsenbeck = Grusonia grahamii (Engelmann) H. Robinson
dillei Griffiths = Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann
discata Griffiths = Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann
dulcis Engelmann = Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann
emoryi Engelmann = Grusonia emoryi (Engelmann) Pinkava
engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann var. engelmannii [M&H; W&S]
Engelmann’s prickly-pear, cactus-apple
Opuntia discata Griffiths
Opuntia dillei Griffiths
Opuntia microcarpa Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson
Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann var. discata (Griffiths) Benson
Opuntia riparia Griffiths
Opuntia tardospina Griffiths
Opuntia valida Griffiths
engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann var. lindheimeri (Engelmann) Parfitt & Pinkava
[Benson 1982; M&H; W&S] Note: Perhaps known only as a rare escape in NM.
Engelmann’s prickly-pear
Opuntia lindheimeri Engelmann
erinacea Engelmann & Bigelow ex Engelmann = Opuntia polyacantha Haworth var. erinacea
(Engelmann & Bigelow) Parfitt
erinacea Engelmann & Bigelow ex Engelmann var. hystricina (Engelmann & Bigelow) L. Benson =
Opuntia polyacantha Haworth var. hystricina (Engelmann & Bigelow) Parfitt

236
erinacea Engelmann & Bigelow var. utahensis (Engelmann) L. Benson : Reported by Benson (1982)
and M&H, but not known to occur in NM [Ferguson, pers. comm. 1997; Parfitt,
pers. comm. 1999].
Opuntia sphaerocarpa Engelmann & Bigelow var. utahensis Engelmann
*ficus-indica (Linnaeus) Miller [Benson 1982]. Note: Benson (1982) cites one specimen from southern
NM, but Ferguson (pers. comm. 1994) and Parfitt (pers. comm. 1999) maintain that this species
is not known outside of cultivation in NM; perhaps warrants verification.
Indian-fig
filipendula Engelmann = Opuntia pottsii Salm-Dyck
fragilis Nuttall var. brachyarthra (Engelmann & Bigelow) Coulter = Opuntia fragilis Nuttall
fragilis Nuttall [Benson 1982; M&H; W&S]
pygmy prickly-pear
Opuntia brachyarthra Engelmann & Bigelow
Opuntia fragilis Nuttall var. brachyarthra (Engelmann & Bigelow) Coulter
fulgida Engelmann var. mamillata (Schott) Coulter = Cylindropuntia fulgida (Engelmann) F.M.
Knuth
grahamii Engelmann = Grusonia grahamii (Engelmann) H. Robinson
×gilvescens Griffiths (a hybrid of various phases of Opuntia phaeacantha) = Opuntia phaeacantha
Engelmann
gregoriana Griffiths = Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann
hystricina Engelmann & Bigelow = Opuntia polyacantha Haworth var. hystricina (Engelmann &
Bigelow) Parfitt
imbricata (Haworth) A.P. de Candolle = Cylindropuntia imbricata (Haworth) F.M. Knuth
kleiniae A.P. de Candolle = Cylindropuntia kleiniae (A.P. de Candolle) F.M. Knuth
kunzei Rose : Not occurring in NM; plants called this by M&H and W&S belong to Grusonia
emoryi (Engelmann) Pinkava [Parfitt, pers. comm. 1999].
leptocaulis A.P. de Candolle = Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (A.P. de Candolle) F.M. Knuth
lindheimeri Engelmann = Opuntia englemannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann var. lindheimeri
(Engelmann) Parfitt & Pinkava
mackensenii Rose = Opuntia tirtuspina Engelmann & J.M. Bigelow
macrocentra Engelmann [M&H; W&S]
purple prickly-pear
Opuntia violacea Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson
Opuntia violacea Engelmann var. castetteri L. Benson
Opuntia violacea Engelmann var. macrocentra (Engelmann) L. Benson
macrorhiza Engelmann [M&H; W&S]
western prickly-pear
Opuntia plumbea Rose
Opuntia stenochila Engelmann
macrorhiza Engelmann var. pottsii (Salm-Dyck) L. Benson = Opuntia pottsii Salm-Dyck
microcarpa Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson = Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann
phaeacantha Engelmann var. camanchica (Engelmann & Bigelow) L. Benson = Opuntia
phaeacantha Engelmann
phaeacantha Engelmann var. discata Engelmann = Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann
phaeacantha Engelmann var. major Engelmann = Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann
phaeacantha Engelmann [M&H; W&S]
plains prickly-pear
Opuntia camanchica Engelmann & Bigelow
Opuntia chihuahuensis Rose
Opuntia confusa Griffiths
Opuntia cyclodes (Engelmann & Bigelow) Rose
Opuntia dulcis Engelmann
Opuntia gilvescens Griffiths
Opuntia gregoriana Griffiths
Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann var. camanchica (Engelmann & Bigelow) L. Benson
Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann var. major Engelmann
Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann var. wootonii (Griffiths) L. Benson
Opuntia toumeyi Rose
Opuntia zuniensis Griffiths

237
 Opuntia wootonii Griffiths
phaeacantha Engelmann var. wootonii (Griffiths) L. Benson = Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann
plumbea Rose = Opuntia macrorhiza Engelmann
polyacantha Haworth var. arenaria (Engelmann) Parfitt [M&H; W&S]
starvation prickly-pear
Opuntia arenaria Engelmann
polyacantha Haworth var. erinacea (Engelmann & Bigelow) Parfitt : Reported by Benson (1982)
and M&H, but known from western Arizona and Utah and westward [Pinkava
2003].
Opuntia erinacea Engelmann & Bigelow
polyacantha Haworth var. hystricina (Engelmann & Bigelow) Parfitt [M&H; W&S]
starvation prickly-pear
Opuntia erinacea Engelmann & Bigelow ex Engelmann var. hystricina (Engelmann &
Bigelow) L. Benson
Opuntia hystricina Engelmann & Bigelow
polyacantha Haworth var. juniperina (Engelmann) L. Benson = Opuntia polyacantha Hawarth var.
polyacantha
polyacantha Haworth var. polyacantha [M&H; W&S]
starvation prickly-pear
Opuntia polyacantha Haworth var. juniperina (Engelmann) L. Benson
Opuntia polyacantha Haworth var. rufispina (Engelmann & Bigelow ex Engelmann) L.
Benson
Opuntia polyacantha Haworth var. schweriniana (K. Schumann) Backeberg
Opuntia polyacantha Haworth var. trichophora (Engelmann & Bigelow) Coulter
Opuntia sphaerocarpa Engelmann & Bigelow
Opuntia trichophora Britton & Rose
polyacantha Haworth var. schweriniana (K. Schumann) Backeberg = Opuntia polyacantha Hawarth
var. polyacantha
polyacantha Haworth var. rufispina (Engelmann & Bigelow ex Engelmann) L. Benson = Opuntia
polyacantha Hawarth var. polyacantha
polyacantha Haworth var. trichophora (Engelmann & Bigelow) Coulter = Opuntia polyacantha
Hawarth var. polyacantha
pottsii Salm-Dyck [M&H; W&S]
Potts’s prickly-pear
Opuntia cymochila Engelmann var. montana Engelmann & Bigelow
Opuntia filipendula Engelmann
Opuntia macrorhiza Engelmann var. pottsii (Salm-Dyck) L. Benson
Opuntia pottsii Salm-Dyck var. montana (Engelmann & Bigelow) Bulot
Opuntia tenuispina Engelmann
pottsii Salm-Dyck var. montana (Engelmann & Bigelow) Bulot = Opuntia pottsii Salm-Dyck
riparia Griffiths = Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann var. engelmannii
santa-rita (Griffiths & Hare) Rose : Reported by M&H and W&S, but Pinkava (2003) questions its
occurrence in NM, referring material to Opuntia macrocentra Engelmann; requires
verification.
Opuntia chlorotica Engelmann & Bigelow var. santa-rita Griffiths & Hare
Opuntia violacea Engelmann var. santa-rita (Griffiths & Hare) L. Benson
schottii Engelmann var. grahamii (Engelmann) L. Benson = Grusonia grahamii (Engelmann) H.
Robinson
sphaerocarpa Engelmann & Bigelow = Opuntia polyacantha Haworth var. polyacantha
sphaerocarpa Engelmann & Bigelow var. utahensis Engelmann = Opuntia erinacea Engelmann &
Bigelow var. utahensis (Engelmann) L. Benson
spinosior (Engelmann) Toumey = Cylindropuntia spinosior (Engelmann) F.M. Knuth
stanlyi Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson = Grusonia emoryi (Engelmann) Pinkava
stenochila Engelmann = Opuntia macrorhiza Engelmann
tardospina Griffiths = Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann var. engelmannii
tenuispina Engelmann = Opuntia pottsii Salm-Dyck
tortispina Engelmann & Bigelow [Ferguson 1987; Pinkava 2003; W&S]
twisted-spine prickly-pear
Opuntia cymochila Engelmann & J.M. Bigelow

238
 Opuntia mackensenii Rose
toumeyi Rose = Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann
trichophora Britton & Rose = Opuntia polyacantha Haworth var. polyacantha
tunicata (Lehmann) Link & Otto var. davisii (Engelmann & Bigelow) L. Benson = Cylindropuntia
davisii (Engelmann & Bigelow) F.M. Knuth
valida Griffiths = Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann
violacea Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson = Opuntia macrocentra Engelmann
violacea Engelmann var. castetteri L. Benson = Opuntia macrocentra Engelmann
violacea Engelmann var. macrocentra (Engelmann) L. Benson = Opuntia macrocentra Engelmann
violacea Engelmann var. santa-rita (Griffiths & Hare) L. Benson = Opuntia santa-rita (Griffiths &
Hare) Rose
viridiflora Britton & Rose = Cylindropuntia viridiflora (Britton & Rose) F.M. Knuth
whipplei Engelmann & Bigelow var. viridiflora (Britton & Rose) L. Benson = Cylindropuntia
viridiflora (Britton & Rose) F.M. Knuth
whipplei Engelmann & Bigelow var. spinosior Engelmann = Cylindropuntia spinosior (Engelmann)
F.M. Knuth
whipplei Engelmann & Bigelow var. whipplei = Cylindropuntia whipplei (Engelmann & Bigelow)
F.M. Knuth
wootonii Griffiths = Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann
zuniensis Griffiths = Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann
Pediocactus pincushion-cactus
Heil, K., B. Armstrong, & D. Schleser. 1981. A review of the genus Pediocactus. Cactus & Succulent J. (U.S.A.)
53:17-39.
Heil, K.D. & J.M. Porter. 2003. Pediocactus, pp. 211-216. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford
University Press, New York.
+knowltonii L. Benson [Heil & Porter 2003; M&H]
Knowlton’s pincushion-cactus
papyracanthus (Engelmann) L. Benson = Sclerocactus papyracanthus (Engelmann) N.P. Taylor
knowltonii L. Benson var. papyracanthus (Engelmann) L. Benson = Sclerocactus papyracanthus
(Engelmann) N.P. Taylor
simpsonii (Engelmann) Britton & Rose var. minor (Engelmann) Cockerell = Pediocactus simpsonii
(Engelmann) Britton & Rose
simpsonii (Engelmann) Britton & Rose [Heil & Porter 2003; M&H]
snowball cactus
Echinocactus simpsonii Engelmann var. minor Engelmann
Peniocereus cereus
greggii (Engelmann) Britton & Rose var. greggii [M&H; W&S]
night-blooming cereus
Cereus greggii Engelmann
Cereus greggii Engelmann var. transmontanus Engelmann
greggii (Engelmann) Britton & Rose var. transmontanus (Engelmann) Backeberg : Reported by
M&H as probably occurring in Hidalgo County; awaits verification.
Sclerocactus fish-hook cactus
Castetter, E.F., P. Pierce, and K.H. Schwerin. 1976. A new cactus species and two new varieties from New Mexico.
Cactus & Succulent J. 48:77-81. [Sclerocactus whipplei var. heilii and var. reevesii]
Heil, K.D. & J.M. Porter. 1994. Sclerocactus (Cactaceae): A revision. Haseltonia 2:20-46.
Heil, K.D. & J.M. Porter. 2003. Sclerocactus, pp. 197-207. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford
University Press, New York.
Sivinski, R. & K. Lightfoot. 1994. Status summary for the grama grass cactus (Toumeya papyracantha). U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM.
+cloveriae Heil & Porter subsp. brackii Heil & Porter [Heil & Porter 1994]
Brack’s fish-hook cactus
cloveriae Heil & Porter subsp. cloveriae [Castetter et al. 1976; Heil & Porter 1994; M&H]
New Mexico fish-hook cactus
Sclerocactus whipplei (Engelmann & Bigelow) Britton & Rose var. heilii Castetter,
Pierce & Schwerin
Sclerocactus whipplei (Engelmann & Bigelow) Britton & Rose var. reevesii Castetter,
Pierce & Schwerin
intermedius Peebles = Sclerocactus parviflorus Clover & Jotter subsp. intermedius (Peebles) Heil &
Porter

239
 mesae-verdae (Boissevain & C. Davidson) L. Benson [Heil & Porter 1994; M&H]
Mesa Verde fish-hook cactus
Coloradoa mesae-verdae Boissevain & C. Davidson
Echinocactus mesae-verdae (Boissevain & C. Davidson) L. Benson
papyracanthus (Engelmann) N.P. Taylor [M&H; Sivinski & Lightfoot 1994; W&S]
paper-spine fish-hook cactus
Echinocactus papyracanthus Engelmann
Pediocactus knowltonii L. Benson var. papyracanthus (Engelmann) L. Benson
Pediocactus papryacanthus (Engelmann) L.D. Benson
Toumeya papyracantha (Engelmann) Britton & Rose
parviflorus Clover & Jotter var. intermedius (Peebles) Woodruff & Benson = Sclerocactus
parviflorus Clover & Jotter subsp. intermedius (Peebles) Heil & Porter
parviflorus Clover & Jotter subsp. intermedius (Peebles) Heil & Porter [Heil & Porter 1994;
M&H]
small-flower fish-hook cactus
Sclerocactus intermedius Peebles
Sclerocactus parviflorus Clover & Jotter var. intermedius (Peebles) Woodruff & Benson
Sclerocactus whipplei (Engelmann & Bigelow) Britton & Rose var. intermedius
(Peebles) L. Benson
uncinatus (Galeotti) N.P. Taylor subsp. wrightii (Engelmann) N.P. Taylor = Glandulicactus
uncinatus (Galeotti) Backeberg var. wrightii (Engelmann) Backeberg
whipplei (Engelmann & Bigelow) Britton & Rose var. heilii Castetter, Pierce & Schwerin =
Sclerocactus cloveriae Heil & Porter subsp. cloveriae
whipplei (Engelmann & Bigelow) Britton & Rose var. intermedius (Peebles) L. Benson =
Sclerocactus parviflorus Clover & Jotter subsp. intermedius (Peebles) Heil & Porter
whipplei (Engelmann & Bigelow) Britton & Rose var. reevesii Castetter, Pierce & Schwerin =
Sclerocactus cloveriae Heil & Porter subsp. cloveriae
whipplei (Engelmann & Bigelow) Britton & Rose var. roseus (Clover) L. Benson [=Sclerocactus
parviflorus Clover & Jotter subsp. parviflorus] : Reported by M&H, but not yet
known in NM [Benson 1982; Heil & Porter 1994].
Thelocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) L. Benson var. wrightii (Engelmann) L. Benson = Glandulicactus
uncinatus (Galeotti) Backeberg var. wrightii (Engelmann) Backeberg
Toumeya papyracantha (Engelmann) Britton & Rose = Sclerocactus papyracanthus (Engelmann) N.P.
Taylor

Family CAESALPINIACEAE = FABACEAE

Family CALLITRICHACEAE = PLANTAGINACEAE

Family CAMPANULACEAE
[Lobeliaceae]
Campanula bellflower
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp.
[Campanula rapunculoides]
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Campanula rapunculoides]
biflora Ruiz & Pavon = Triodanis perfoliata (Linnaeus) Nieuwland var. biflora (Ruiz & Pavon)
Bradley
parryi Gray [M&H; W&S]
Parry’s bellflower
perfoliata Linnaeus = Triodanis perfoliata (Linnaeus) Nieuwland var. perfoliata
petiolata A. A.P. de Candolle = Campanula rotundifolia Linnaeus
*rapunculoides Linnaeus [Great Plains Flora Association 1977; Peterson 2000]
creeping bellflower
rotundifolia Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
bluebells-of-Scotland
Campanula petiolata A. A.P. de Candolle
uniflora Linnaeus [M&H]
arctic bellflower

240
Lobelia cardinal-flower, lobelia
Thompson, S.W. & T.G. Lammers. 1997. Phenetic analysis of morphological variation in the Lobelia cardinalis
complex (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae). Syst. Bot. 22(2):315-332.
anatina Wimmer
Apache lobelia
cardinalis Linnaeus
cardinal-flower
Lobelia cardinalis Linnaeus subsp. graminea (Lamarck) McVaugh
Lobelia splendens Willdenow
cardinalis Linnaeus subsp. graminea (Lamarck) McVaugh = Lobelia cardinalis Linnaeus
fenestralis Cavanilles
fringeleaf lobelia
splendens Willdenow = Lobelia cardinalis Linnaeus
Nemacladus threadplant
Ward, D. & R. Spellenberg. 1981. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 28:185-186. [Nemacladus
glanduliferus orientalis]
glanduliferus Jepson var. orientalis McVaugh [Ward & Spellenberg 1981]
glandular threadplant
Specularia holzingeri (McVaugh) Fernald = Triodanis holzingeri McVaugh
perfoliata (Linnaeus) A. A.P. de Candolle = Triodanis perfoliata (Linnaeus) Nieuwland var.
perfoliata
Triodanis Venus’s-looking-glass
Bradley, T.R. 1975. Hybridization between Triodanis perfoliata and Triodanis biflora (Campanulaceae). Brittonia
27:110-114.
biflora (Ruiz & Pavon) Greene = Triodanis perfoliata (Linnaeus) Nieuwland var. biflora (Ruiz &
Pavon) Bradley
holzingeri McVaugh : Reported as expected by M&H map. Note: Weber & Wittmann (2001) consider
this to be hybrids of Ttriodanis perfoliata × Triodanis leptocarpa.
Specularia holzingeri (McVaugh) Fernald
perfoliata (Linnaeus) Nieuwland var. perfoliata [M&H; W&S]
Venus’s-looking-glass
Campanula perfoliata Linnaeus
Specularia perfoliata (Linnaeus) A. A.P. de Candolle
perfoliata (Linnaeus) Nieuwland var. biflora (Ruiz & Pavon) Bradley [Spellenberg et al.
1986]
small Venus’s-looking-glass
Campanula biflora Ruiz & Pavon
Specularia biflora (Ruiz & Pavon) Fischer & Meyer
Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pavon) Greene

Family CANNABACEAE
Cannabis hemp
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Cannabis sativa]
Small, E. & A. Cronquist. 1976. A practical and natural taxonomy for Cannabis. Taxon 25(4):405-435.
Small, E., P.Y. Jul, & L.P. Lefkovitch. 1976. A numerical taxonomic analysis of Cannabis with special reference to
species delimitation. Syst. Bot. 1:67-84.
*sativa Linnaeus var. sativa [Allred 1999]
hemp, marijuana
Celtis hackberry
Sargent, C.S. 1933. Manual of the trees of North America. Houghton Mifflin Co. [Celtis laevigata texana]
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Celtis occidentalis]
Whittemore, A.T. 2005. Genetic structure, lack of introgression, and taxonomic status in the Celtis laevigata – C.
reticulata complex (Cannabaceae). Syst. Bot. 30(4):809-817.
laevigata Willdenow var. reticulata (Torrey) L. Benson = Celtis reticulata Torrey
laevigata Willdenow var. texana Sargent [Sargent 1933]
sugar-berry
occidentalis Linnaeus [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
common hackberry

241
 pallida Torrey [M&H; Sherman-Broyles et al. 1997]
spiny hackberry
reticulata Torrey [M&H; Sherman-Broyles et al. 1997; W&S]
western hackberry
Celtis laevigata Willdenow var. reticulata (Torrey) L. Benson
Humulus hops
Small, E. 1978. A numerical and nomenclatural analysis of morpho-geographic taxa of Humulus. Syst. Bot. 3(1):37-
76.
americanus of NM works = Humulus lupulus Linnaeus var. neomexicanus Nelson & Cockerell
lupulus Linnaeus var. neomexicanus Nelson & Cockerell [M&H; Small 1978; W&S]
New Mexico hops
Humulus neomexicanus (Nelson & Cockerell) Rydberg
Humulus americanus of NM works
neomexicanus (Nelson & Cockerell) Rydberg = Humulus lupulus Linnaeus var. neomexicanus
Nelson & Cockerell

Family CAPPARACEAE
Cleome = see Cleomaceae
Cleomella = see Cleomaceae
Polanisia = see Cleomaceae
Wislizenia = see Cleomaceae

Family CAPRIFOLIACEAE
[Dipsacaceae, Valerianaceae]
Ferguson, I.K. 1965. The genera of Valerianaceae and Dipsacaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor.
46:218-231.
Dipsacus teasel
Laferrire, J.E. 1994. Dipsacaceae. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 27(2):201-202.
McClintock, E. 1993. Dipsacaceae. p. 540-541, IN J.C. Hickman (editor). The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of
California. Univ. California Press.
*fullonum Linnaeus subsp. sylvestris (Hudson) Clapham [M&H; W&S]
teasel
Dipsacus sylvestris Hudson
sylvestris Hudson = Dipsacus fullonum Linnaeus subsp. sylvestris (Hudson) Clapham
Distegia involucrata (Richardson) Rafinesque = Lonicera involucrata (Richardson) Banks
Linnaea twin-flower
americana Forbes = Linnaea borealis Linnaeus var. longiflora Torrey
borealis Linnaeus subsp. americana (Forbes) Hultén ex Clausen = Linnaea borealis Linnaeus var.
longiflora Torrey
borealis Linnaeus var. americana (Forbes) Rehder = Linnaea borealis Linnaeus var. longiflora
Torrey
borealis Linnaeus var. longiflora Torrey [W&S]
American twin-flower
Linnaea americana Forbes
Linnaea borealis Linnaeus subsp. americana (Forbes) Hultén ex Clausen
Linnaea borealis Linnaeus var. americana (Forbes) Rehder
Lonicera honeysuckle
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Lonicera tatarica]
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Lonicera bella]
albiflora Torrey & Gray [W&S]
white honeysuckle
Lonicera dumosa Gray
Lonicera albiflora Torrey & Gray var. dumosa (Gray) Rehder
albiflora Torrey & Gray var. dumosa (Gray) Rehder = Lonicera albiflora Torrey & Gray
arizonica Rehder [W&S]
Arizona honeysuckle
*bella Zabel [Peterson 2000]
Belle’s honeysuckle
242
 dumosa Gray = Lonicera albiflora Torrey & Gray
involucrata (Richardson) Banks ex Sprengel [W&S]
four-line honeysuckle
Distegia involucrata (Richardson) Rafinesque
Xylosteon involucratum Richardson
*japonica Thunberg [M&H]
Japanese honeysuckle
*tatarica Linnaeus [Heil et al. 2002]
twin-sisters
utahensis S. Watson [W&S]
Rocky Mountain honeysuckle
Xylosteon utahense (S. Watson) Howell
Sambucus = see ADOXACEAE
Symphoricarpos snowberry
Allred, K.W. 2005. A synopsis of Symphoricarpos (Caprifoliaceae) in New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 33:5-
6.
Jones, G.N. 1940. A monograph of the genus Symphoricarpos. J. Arnold Arbor. 21:203-252.
albus (Linnaeus) Blake [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
common snowberry
Symphoricarpos albus (Linnaeus) Blake var. pauciflorus (Robbins ex Gray) Blake
Symphoricarpos pauciflorus Robbins ex Gray
Symphoricarpos racemosus Michaux var. pauciflorus Robbins
Vaccinium album Linnaeus
albus (Linnaeus) Blake var. pauciflorus (Robbins ex Gray) Blake = Symphoricarpos albus
(Linnaeus) Blake
longiflorus Gray [Allred 2005; M&H]
desert snowberry
microphyllus Kunth : Reported by Jones (1940), based on a Wooton specimen from Valencia
County; the specimen is referred to Symphoricarpos rotundifolius (utahensis phase)
[Allred 2005].
occidentalis Hooker [Allred 2005; M&H]
western snowberry
oreophilus Gray = Symphoricarpos rotundifolius Gray
oreophilus Gray var. utahensis (Rydberg) A. Nelson = Symphoricarpos rotundifolius Gray
palmeri G.N. Jones = Symphoricarpos rotundifolius Gray
pauciflorus (Robbins) Britton = Symphoricarpos albus (Linnaeus) Blake
racemosus Michaux var. pauciflorus Robbins = Symphoricarpos albus (Linnaeus) Blake
rotundifolius Gray [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
round-leaf snowberry
Symphoricarpos oreophilus Gray
Symphoricarpos oreophilus Gray var. utahensis (Rydberg) A. Nelson
Symphoricarpos palmeri G.N. Jones
Symphoricarpos utahensis Rydberg
utahensis Rydberg = Symphoricarpos rotundifolius Gray
Valeriana valerian
Cronquist, A. 1984. Valerianaceae, pp. 545-550. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 4. New York Botanical Garden.
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 39:7. [Valeriana occidentalis]
Hershey, A.L. 1940. Notes on New Mexico plants – II. Leaflets of Western Botany 2(15):257-258. [Valeriana
texana]
McIntosh, L. 1996. Seven additions to the flora of New Mexico. Phytologia 81(5):365-368. [Valeriana sorbifolia]
Meyer, F.G. 1951. Valeriana in North America and the West Indies (Valerianaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
38:377-503.
acutiloba Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain valerian
Valeriana capitata Pallas ex Link subsp. acutiloba (Rydberg) F.G. Meyer
acutiloba Rydberg var. ovata (Rydberg) A. Nelson = Valeriana arizonica Gray
arizonica Gray [M&H; W&S]
Arizona valerian
Valeriana acutiloba Rydberg var. ovata (Rydberg) A. Nelson

243
 Valeriana ovata Rydberg
capitata Pallas ex Link subsp. acutiloba (Rydberg) F.G. Meyer = Valeriana acutiloba Rydberg
edulis Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray [M&H; W&S]
tobacco-root
Valeriana trachycarpa Rydberg
occidentalis Heller [Heil 2007]
western valerian
ovata Rydberg = Valeriana arizonica Gray
sorbifolia Kunth [McIntosh 1996]
pineland valerian
texana Steyermark [Hershey 1940; M&H]
Guadalupe valerian
trachycarpa Rydberg = Valeriana edulis Nuttall
Viburnum = see ADOXACEAE
Xylosteon involucratum Richardson = Lonicera involucrata (Richardson) Banks ex Sprengel
utahense (S. Watson) Howell = Lonicera utahensis S. Watson

Family CARYOPHYLLACEAE
[Alsinaceae, Corrigiolaceae, Silenaceae]
Rabeler, R.K. & R.L. Hartman (eds.). 2005. Caryophyllaceae, p. 3-215. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 5, pt. 2.
Oxford University Press, New York
Agrostemma corn-cockle
*githago Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
corn-cockle
Alsinopsis macrantha Rydberg = Minuartia macrantha (Rydberg) House
obtusiloba Rydberg = Minuartia obtusiloba (Rydberg) House
propinqua (Richardson) Rydberg = Minuartia rubella (Wahlenberg) Grabner
Alsine baicalensis Coville = Stellaria umbellata Turczaninow
curtisii Ryberg = Pseudostellaria jamesiana (Torrey) W.A. Weber & R.L. Hartman
cuspidata (Willdenow) Wooton & Standley = Stellaria cuspidata Willdenow
jamesiana (Torrey) Heller = Pseudostellaria jamesiana (Torrey) Weber & Hartman
laeta (Richardson) Rydberg = Stellaria longipes Goldie
longifolia (Muhlenberg) Britton = Stellaria longifolia Muhlenberg
longipes (Goldie) Coville = Stellaria longipes Goldie var. longipes
media Linnaeus = Stellaria media (Linnaeus) Cyrillo
rubella Wahlenberg = Minuartia rubella (Wahlenberg) Grabner
vulgaris Moench = Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
Arenaria sandwort
Hartman, R.L. & R.K. Rabeler. 2004. New combinations in North America Eremogone (Caryophyllaceae). Sida
29(1):237-241.
Maguire, B. 1951. Studies in the Caryophyllaceae – V. Arenaria in America north of Mexico. [Arenaria benthamii]
aculeata S. Watson = Eremogone aculeata (S. Watson) Ikonnikov
aequicalis A. Nelson = Minuartia rubella (Wahlenberg) Grabner
benthamii Fenzl ex Torrey & Gray [Maguire 1951]
hilly sandwort
confusa Rydberg = Spergulastrum lanuginosum Michaux subsp. saxosum (Gray) Weber
congesta Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. aculeata M.E. Jones = Eremogone aculeata (S. Watson)
Ikonnikov
eastwoodiae Rydberg = Eremogone eastwoodiae (Rydberg) Ikonnikov
eastwoodiae Rydberg var. adenophora Kearney & Peebles = Eremogone eastwoodiae (Rydberg)
Ikonnikov var. adenophora (Kearney & Peebles) Hartman & Rabeler
fendleri Gray var. brevifolia (Maguire) Maguire = Eremogone fendleri (Gray) Ikonnikov
fendleri Gray var. eastwoodiae (Rydberg) Harrington = Eremogone eastwoodiae (Rydberg)
Ikonnikov var. eastwoodiae
fendleri Gray var. fendleri = Eremogone fendleri (Gray) Ikonnikov
fendleri Gray var. tweedyi (Rydberg) Maguire = Eremogone fendleri (Gray) Ikonnikov
hookeri Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray = Eremogone hookeri (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) W.A. Weber

244
 lanuginosa (Michaux) Rohrbach subsp. saxosa (Gray) Maguire = Spergulastrum lanuginosum
Michaux subsp. saxosum (Gray) Weber
lateriflora Linnaeus = Moehringia lateriflora (Linnaeus) Fenzl
leptophylla Chamisso & Schlechtendal = Drymaria leptophylla (Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Fenzl
ex Rohrbach
macrophylla Hooker = Moehringia macrophylla (Hooker) Torrey
mearnsii Wooton & Standley = Spergulastrum lanuginosum Michaux subsp. saxosum (Gray) Weber
media Linnaeus = Spergularia media (Linnaeus) Presl
molluginea Seringe = Drymaria molluginea (Seringe) Didrichsen
obtusiloba (Rydberg) Fernald = Minuartia obtusiloba (Rydberg) House
polycaulos Rydberg = Spergulastrum lanuginosum Michaux subsp. saxosum (Gray) Weber
rubella (Wahlenberg) J.E. Smith = Minuartia rubella (Wahlenberg) Grabner
rubra Linnaeus = Spergularia rubra (Linnaeus) J. & C. Presl
sajanensis auctores non Willdenow = Minuartia obtusiloba (Rydberg) House
saxosa Gray var. cinerascens Robinson = Spergulastrum lanuginosum Michaux subsp. saxosum
(Gray) Weber
saxosa Gray var. mearnsii (Wooton & Standley) Kearny & Peebles = Spergulastrum lanuginosum
Michaux subsp. saxosum (Gray) Weber
saxosa Gray var. saxosa = Spergulastrum lanuginosum Michaux subsp. saxosum (Gray) Weber
*serpyllifolia Linnaeus [M&H]
thyme-leaf sandwort
stricta Michaux subsp. texana (Robinson ex Britton) Maguire = Minuartia michauxii (Frenzl)
Farwell var. texana (Robinson ex Britton) Mattfield
stricta Michx. var. texana Robinson ex Britton = Minuartia michauxii (Frenzl) Farwell var. texana
(Robinson ex Britton) Mattfield
Cerastium chickweed
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Cerastium glomeratum as C.
viscosum]
Morton, J.K. 2005. Cerastium, p. 74-93. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 5, pt.2. Oxford University Press, New York.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Cerastium axillare]
Spellenberg, R., M. Mahrt & R. Brozka. 1991. Noteworthy collections, New Mexico. Madroño 38:298-301.
[Cerastium glomeratum]
Turner, B.L. 1995. Cerastium texanum (Caryophyllaceae) does not occur in Texas. Phytologia 79(5):356-363.
arvense Linnaeus subsp. strictum (Linnaeus) Ugborogho [M&H; W&S]
field chickweed
Cerastium oreophilum Greene
Cerastium scopulorum Greene
Cerastium strictum Linnaeus
axillare Correll [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
Trans-Pecos chickweed
beeringianum Chamisso & Schlechtendal subsp. earlei (Rydberg) Hultén [M&H; W&S]
Bering chickweed
Cerastium earlei Rydberg
brachypodum (Engelmann ex Gray) Robinson [M&H; W&S]
short-stalk chickweed
earlei Rydberg = Cerastium beeringianum Chamisso & Schlechtendal subsp. earlei (Rydberg)
Hultén
fastigiatum Greene [M&H; Morton 2005; W&S]
fastigiate chickweed
Cerastium nutans sensu NM authors
*fontanum Baumgarten subsp. vulgare (Hartman) Greuter & Burdet [M&H]
common chickweed
Cerastium vulgare Hartman
Cerastium vulgatum Linnaeus
*glomeratum Thuiller [Allred 1999; Spellenberg et al. 1991]
sticky chickweed
Cerastium viscosum auctores non Linnaeus
longipedunculatum Muhlenberg = Cerastium nutans Rafinesque var. nutans

245
 nutans sensu NM authors = Cerastium fastigiatum Greene
nutans Rafinesque var. obtectum Kearney & Peebles [M&H; W&S]
nodding chickweed
Cerastium sericeum S. Watson
oreophilum Greene = Cerastium arvense Linnaeus subsp. strictum (Linnaeus) Ugborogho
scopulorum Greene = Cerastium arvense Linnaeus subsp. strictum (Linnaeus) Ugborogho
sericeum S. Watson = Cerastium nutans Rafinesque var. obtectum Kearney & Peebles
strictum Linnaeus = Cerastium arvense Linnaeus subsp. strictum (Linnaeus) Ugborogho
texanum Britton [M&H; Turner 1995]
Texas chickweed
viscosum auctores non Linnaeus = Cerastium glomeratum Thuiller
vulgare Hartman = Cerastium fontanum Baumgarten subsp. vulgare (Hartman) Greuter & Burdet
vulgatum Linnaeus = Cerastium fontanum Baumgarten subsp. vulgare (Hartman) Greuter & Burdet
Dianthus carnation
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Dianthus armeria]
*armeria Linnaeus [Allred 1999]
Deptford pink
Drymaria drymary
Duke, J.A. 1961. Preliminary revision of the genus Drymaria. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 48(3):173-268. [Drymaria
molluginea]
Little, E.L. Jr. 1937. A study of poisonous Drymaria on southern New Mexico ranges. Ecology 18:416-426.
[Drymaria pachyphylla]
arenarioides Humboldt & Bonpland ex J.A. Schultes : Listed in various noxious weed lists of NM,
but not yet known definitely from the state.
depressa Greene = Drymaria effusa Gray var. depressa (Greene) Duke
effusa Gray var. depressa (Greene) Duke [M&H; W&S]
pinewoods drymary
Drymaria depressa Greene
fendleri S. Watson = Drymaria glandulosa C. Presl
glandulosa C. Presl [M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s drymary
Drymaria fendleri S. Watson
laxiflora Bentham [M&H]
Trans-Pecos drymary
leptophylla (Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Fenzl ex Rohrbach [M&H; W&S]
canyon drymary
Arenaria leptophylla Chamisso & Schlechtendal
Drymaria tenella Gray
molluginea (Seringe) Didrichsen [Duke 1961; M&H; W&S]
slim-leaf drymary
Arenaria molluginea Seringe
Drymaria sperguloides Gray
pachyphylla Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
thick-leaf drymary
sperguloides Gray = Drymaria molluginea (Seringe) Didrichsen
tenella Gray = Drymaria leptophylla (Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Fenzl ex Rohrbach
Eremogone sandwort
Hartman, R.L. & R.K. Rabeler. 2004. New combinations in North America Eremogone (Caryophyllaceae). Sida
29(1):237-241.
Hartman, R.L., R.K. Rabeler, & F.H. Utech. 2005. Eremogone, p. 56-70. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 5, pt. 2.
Oxford University Press, New York.
Sivinski, R. 1998. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 7:6. [Eremogone (Arenaria) hookeri]
aculeata (S. Watson) Ikonnikov [M&H; W&S]
needle-leaf sandwort
Arenaria aculeata S. Watson
Arenaria congesta Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. aculeata M.E. Jones
eastwoodiae (Rydberg) Ikonnikov var. eastwoodiae [M&H; W&S]
Eastwood’s sandwort

246
 Arenaria eastwoodiae Rydberg
Arenaria fendleri Gray var. eastwoodiae (Rydberg) Harrington
eastwoodiae (Rydberg) Ikonnikov var. adenophora (Kearney & Peebles) R.L. Hartman
& Rabeler [Hartman et al. 2005]
Eastwood’s sandwort
Arenaria eastwoodiae Rydberg var. adenophora Kearney & Peebles
fendleri (Gray) Ikonnikov [M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s sandwort
Arenaria fendleri Gray var. brevifolia (Maguire) Maguire
Arenaria fendleri Gray var. fendleri
Arenaria fendleri Gray var. tweedyi (Rydberg) Maguire
hookeri (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) W.A. Weber [Sivinski 1998]
Hooker’s sandwort
Arenaria hookeri Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray
Gypsophila baby’s-breath
Allred, K. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 31:1. [Gypsophila paniculata]
Allred, K.W. 2005. Plant distribution reports (Gypsophila scorzonerifolia, Rumex stenophyllus, Paronychia
pulvinata). The New Mexico Botanist 33:7.
elegans Bieberstein : Reported by Campbell & Little (1935), but no specimen can be found at the
Jornada Herbarium; reported for Texas recently [Nesom & O’Kennon 2002]; this
was likely a one-time escape that has not persisted.
*scorzonerifolia Seringe [Allred 2004, 2005]
garden baby’s-breath
paniculata Linnaeus : Reported by Allred (2004), but the specimen was corrected to Gypsophila
scorzonerifolia Seringe [Allred 2005].
Illecebrum densum Willdenow = Guilleminea densa (Willdenow) Moquin-Tandon var. densa
[Amaranthaceae]
Lidia obtusiloba (Rydberg) Löve & Löve = Minuartia obtusiloba (Rydberg) House
Loeflingia pygmy-leaf
Chauvin, Y. 2006. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 35:3. [Loeflingia squarrosa]
Strahan, R. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 40:16. [Loeflingia squarrosa]
squarrosa Nuttall [Chauvin 2006; Strahan 2007]
spreading pygmy-leaf
Lychnis alba Miller = Silene latifolia Poiret subsp. alba (Miller) Greuter & Burdet
drummondii (Hooker) S. Watson = Silene drummondii Hooker var. drummondii
striata Rydberg = Silene drummondii Hooker var. striata (Rydberg) Bocquillon
Melandrium album (Miller) Garcke = Silene latifolia Poiret subsp. alba (Miller) Greuter & Burdet
Minuartia stitchwort
Hartman, R. 2006. Plant distribution reports (Minuartia macrantha). The New Mexico Botanist 35:3.
Hartman, R.L. & R.K. Rabeler. 2008. Minuartia macrantha (Alsinoideae: Caryophyllaceae): Morphological
circumscription, geographical range, and phylogenetic affinities. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(2):1225-1231.
Rabeler, R.K., R.L. Hartman, & F.H. Utech. 2005. Minuartia, p. 116-136. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 5, pt. 2.
Oxford University Press, New York.
Wagner, W.L. 1983. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 30:126. [M. (Arenaria) stricta subsp. texana]
Weber, W.A. & R.C. Wittmann. 2009. Two new combinations in Tryphane (Alsinaceae). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas
3(2):501-502.
macrantha (Rydberg) House [Hartman 2006]
House’s stitchwort
Alsinopsis macrantha Rydberg
michauxii (Frenzl) Farwell var. texana (Robinson ex Britton) Mattfield [Wagner 1983]
Texas stitchwort
Arenaria stricta Michx. var. texana Robinson ex Britton
Arenaria stricta Michaux subsp. texana (Robinson ex Britton) Maguire
obtusiloba (Rydberg) House [M&H; W&S]
alpine stitchwort
Alisinopsis obtusiloba Rydberg
Arenaria obtusiloba (Rydberg) Fernald
Arenaria sajanensis auctores non Willdenow
Lidia obtusiloba (Rydberg) Löve & Löve

247
 rubella (Wahlenberg) Grabner [M&H; W&S]
boreal stitchwort
Alsine rubella Wahlenberg
Alsinopsis propinqua (Richardson) Rydberg
Arenaria aequicalis A. Nelson
Arenaria propinqua Richardson
Arenaria rubella (Wahlenberg) J.E. Smith
Tryphane rubella (Wahlenberg) A. & D. Löve ex W.A. Weber
Tryphane rubella (Wahlenberg) A. & D. Löve ex W.A. Weber subsp. propinqua
(Richardson) A. & D. Löve ex W.A. Weber
Moehringia sandwort
lateriflora (Linnaeus) Fenzl [M&H; W&S]
blunt sandwort
Arenaria lateriflora Linnaeus
macrophylla (Hooker) Torrey [M&H; W&S]
large-leaf sandwort
Arenaria macrophylla Hooker
Paronychia nailwort
Allred, K.W. 2005. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 33:7. [Paronychia pulvinata]
Sivinski, R. 1998. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 7:6. [Paronychia depressa]
Turner, B.L. 1981. The Texas species of Paronychia (Caryophyllaceae). Phytologia 54(1):9-23.
depressa (Torrey & Gray) Nuttall ex A. Nelson [Sivinski 1998]
spreading nailwort
Paronychia jamesii Torrey & Gray var. depressa Torrey & Gray
jamesii Torrey & Gray [M&H]
James’s nailwort
jamesii Torrey & Gray var. depressa Torrey & Gray = Paronychia depressa (Torrey & Gray) Nuttall
ex A. Nelson
lanuginosa Poiret = Gossypianthus lanuginosus (Poiret) Moquin-Tandon [Amaranthaceae]
lindheimeri Engelmann ex Gray : Reported as expected by M&H map; this seems unlikely in view
of the distribution reported by Turner (1981); awaits verification.
pulvinata Gray [Allred 2005; M&H]
Rocky Mountain nailwort
sessiliflora Nuttall [M&H]
low nailwort
Pseudostellaria starwort
Weber, W.A. & R. Hartman. 1979. Pseudostellaria jamesiana, comb. nov., a North American representative of a
Eurasian genus. Phytologia 44:313-314.
jamesiana (Torrey) W.A. Weber & R.L. Hartman [M&H; W&S]
sticky starwort
Stellaria jamesiana Torrey
Alsine curtisii Rydberg
Alsine jamesiana (Torrey) Heller
Sagina pearlwort
Crow, G.E. 1978. A taxonomic revision of Sagina (Caryophyllaceae) in North America. Rhodora 80:1-91.
saginoides (Linnaeus) Karsten [Crow 1978; M&H; W&S]
alpine pearlwort
Spergula saginoides Linnaeus
Saponaria bouncing-bet
*officinalis Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
bouncing-bet
vaccaria Linnaeus = Vaccaria hispanica (Miller) Rauschert
Silene catchfly
Greuter, W. 1995. Silene (Caryophyllacee) in Greece: a subgeneric and sectional classification. Taxon 44:543-581.
Heil, K. & S. O'Kane. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 41:7. [Silene vulgaris]
Hitchcock, C.L. & B. Maguire. 1947. A revision of the North American species of Silene. Univ. Washington Publ. in
Biology 13:1-73.
Ivey, R.D. 2003. Flowering Plants of New Mexico. 4th ed. Publ. by the author. 573 pp. [Silene csereii]

248
 McNeill, J. 1978. Silene alba and S. dioica in North America and the generic delimitation of Lychnis, Melandrium,
and Silene (Caryophyllaceae). Can. J. Bot. 56:297-308.
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Silene latifolia alba]
Reif, B., J. Larson, B.R. Jacobs, B.E. Nelson, & R.L. Hartman. 2009. Floristic studies in north central New Mexico,
U.S.A., the Tusa Mountains and the Jemez Mountains. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3(2):921-961. [Silene
drummondii striata]
Todsen, T.K. 1973. Comments on New Mexico flora. Sida 5:135. [Silene plankii]
acaulis Linnaeus forma subacaulescens F.N. Williams = Silene acaulis Linnaeus subsp.
subacaulescens (F.N. Williams) Hitchcock & Maguire
acaulis Linnaeus subsp. subacaulescens (F.N. Williams) Hitchcock & Maguire [M&H;
W&S]
cushion-pink
Silene acaulis Linnaeus forma subacaulescens F.N. Williams
antirrhina Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
sleepy catchfly
concolor Greene = Silene scouleri Hooker subsp. pringlei (S. Watson) Hitchcock & Maguire
*cserei Baumgarten [Ivey 2003]
smooth catchfly
drummondii Hooker var. drummondii [M&H; W&S]
Drummond’s catchfly
Lychnis drummondii (Hooker) S. Watson
Wahlbergella drummondii (Hooker) Rydberg
drummondii Hooker var. striata (Rydberg) Bocquillon [Reif et al. 2009]
Drummond’s catchfly
Lychnis striata Rydberg
greggii Gray = Silene laciniata Cavanilles var. greggii (Gray) C.L. Hitchcock & Maguire
laciniata Cavanilles var. greggii (Gray) C.L. Hitchcock & Maguire [M&H; W&S]
cardinal catchfly
Silene greggii Gray
latifolia Poiret subsp. alba (Miller) Greuter & Burdet [Peterson 2000]
white campion
Lychnis alba Miller
Melandrium alba (Miller) Garcke
menziesii Hooker [M&H; W&S]
white catchfly
Silene stellaroides Nuttall
*noctiflora Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
night catchfly
plankii C.L. Hitchcock & Macguire [M&H; Todsen 1973]
Plank’s catchfly
pringlei S. Watson = Silene scouleri Hooker subsp. pringlei (S. Watson) Hitchcock & Maguire
+scouleri Hooker var. grisea C.L. Hitchcock & Maguire [Hitchcock & Maguire 1947]
Scouler’s catchfly
scouleri Hooker var. pringlei (S. Watson) C.L. Hitchcock & Maguire ex Kartesz &
Gandhi [M&H; W&S]
Pringle’s catchfly
Silene concolor Greene
Silene pringlei S. Watson
stellaroides Nuttall = Silene menziesii Hooker
thurberi S. Watson [M&H; Wagner 1979]
Thurber’s catchfly
*vulgaris (Moench) Garcke [Heil & O’Kane 2007]
maiden’s-tears
Alsine vulgaris Moench
+wrightii Gray [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s catchfly
Spergula arvensis Linnaeus : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.

249
 saginoides Linnaeus = Sagina saginoides (Linnaeus) Karsten
Spergularia sandspurry
maritima (Allioni) Chiovenda = Spergularia media (Linnaeus) Presl
marina (Linnaeus) Grisebach = Spergularia salina J.& C. Presl
*media (Linnaeus) Presl [M&H]
satin-flower
Arenaria media Linnaeus
Spergularia maritima (Allioni) Chiovenda
*rubra (Linnaeus) J. & C. Presl [M&H; W&S]
ruby sandspurry
Arenaria rubra Linnaeus
Tissa rubra (Linnaeus) Britton
salina J. & C. Presl [M&H]
salt-marsh sandspurry
Spergularia marina (Linnaeus) Grisebach
Spergularia sparsiflora (Greene) A. Nelson
Tissa salina (J. & C. Presl) Greene
sparsiflora (Greene) A. Nelson = Spergularia salina J.& C. Presl
Spergulastrum sandwort
lanuginosum Michaux subsp. saxosum (Gray) Weber [M&H; W&S]
spreading sandwort
Arenaria confusa Rydberg
Arenaria lanuginosa (Michaux) Rohrbach subsp. saxosa (Gray) Maguire
Arenaria lanuginosa (Michaux) Rohrbach var. saxosa (Gray) Zarucchi, Hartman &
Rabeler
Arenaria mearnsii Wooton & Standley
Arenaria polycaulos Rydberg
Arenaria saxosa Gray
Arenaria saxosa Gray var. cinerascens Robinson
Arenaria saxosa Gray var. mearnsii (Wooton & Standley) Kearny & Peebles
Stellaria starwort
Hartman, R.L. 1973. New plant records for New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 18(2):241-242. [Stellaria
calycantha, Stellaria irrigua]
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Stellaria crassifolia]
Chinnappa, C.C. 1992. Stellaria porsildii, sp. nov., a new member of the S. longipes complex (Caryophyllaceae). Syst.
Bot. 17(1):29-32.
Morton, J.K. 2005. Stellaria, p. 96-114. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 5, pt. 2. Oxford University Press, New York.
Morton, J.K. & R.K. Rabeler. 1989. Biosystemic studies on the Stellaria calycantha (Caryophyllaceae) complex. I.
Cytology and cytogeography. Can. J. Bot. 67(1):121-127.
Spellenberg, R., L. McIntosh, & L. Brouillet. 1993. New records of angiosperms from southern New Mexico.
Phytologia 75:224-230. [Stellaria nitens]
borealis Bigelow var. simcoei Howell = Stellaria calycantha (Ledebour) Bongard var. simcoei
(Howell) Fernald
calycantha (Ledebour) Bongard var. simcoei (Howell) Fernald [Hartman 1973; M&H]
northern bog starwort
Stellaria borealis Bigelow var. simcoei Howell
crassifolia Ehrhart var. crassifolia [Heil et al. 2002]
fleshy starwort
cuspidata Willdenow ex Schlectendal subsp. cuspidata [M&H; W&S]
Mexican starwort
Alsine cuspidata (Willdenow) Wooton & Standley
cuspidata Willdenow ex Schlectendal subsp. prostrata (Baldwin) J.K. Morton [Morton
2005]
Mexican starwort
Stellaria prostrata Baldwin
irrigua Bunge [Hartman 1973; M&H]
Colorado starwort
jamesiana Torrey = Pseudostellaria jamesiana (Torrey) W.A. Weber & R.L. Hartman

250
 laeta Richardson = Stellaria longipes Goldie
longifolia Muhlenberg ex Willdenow [M&H; W&S]
long-leaf starwort
Alsine longifolia (Muhlenberg) Britton
longipes Goldie var. laeta (Richardson) S. Watson = Stellaria longipes Goldie
longipes Goldie [M&H; W&S]
long-stalk starwort
Alsine laeta (Richardson) Rydberg
Alsine longipes (Goldie) Coville
Stellaria laeta Richardson
Stellaria longipes Goldie var. laeta (Richardson) S. Watson
*media (Linnaeus) Cyrillo [M&H; W&S]
common chickweed
Alsine media Linnaeus
nitens Nuttall [Spellenberg et al. 1993]
shiny starwort
porsildii Chinnappa [Chinnappa 1992]
Porsild’s starwort
prostrata Baldwin = Stellaria cuspidata Willdenow ex Schlechtendal subsp. prostrata (Baldwin)
Morton
umbellata Turczaninow ex Karelin & Kirilov [M&H; W&S]
parachute starwort
Alsine baicalensis Coville
Stellaria weberi Boivin
weberi Boivin = Stellaria umbellata Turczaninow
Tissa rubra (Linnaeus) Britton = Spergularia rubra (Linnaeus) J. & C. Presl
salina (J. & C. Presl) Greene = Spergularia salina J.& C. Presl
Tryphane rubella (Wahlenberg) Reichenbach = Minuartia rubella (Wahlenberg) A. & D. Löve ex W.A.
Weber
rubella (Wahlenberg) A. & D. Löve ex W.A. Weber subsp. propinqua (Richardson) A. & D. Löve
ex W.A. Weber = Minuartia rubella (Wahlenberg) A. & D. Löve ex W.A. Weber
Vaccaria cow-cockle
*hispanica (Miller) Rauschert [M&H; W&S]
cow-cockle
Saponaria vaccaria Linnaeus
Vaccaria vaccaria (Linnaeus) Britton
vaccaria (Linnaeus) Britton = Vaccaria hispanica (Miller) Rauschert
Wahlbergella drummondii (Hooker) Rydberg = Silene drummondii Hooker

Family CASSIACEAE = FABACEAE

Family CELASTRACEAE
Forsellesia = see CROSSOSOMATACEAE
Glossopetalon = see CROSSOSOMATACEAE
Mortonia sandpaper-bush
scabrella Gray
sandpaper-bush, Rio Grande saddlebush
Paxistima mountain-lover [Note: variously rendered Pachistima, Pachystima, Pachystigma]
myrsinites (Pursh) Rafinesque
mountain lover
Ilex myrsinites Pursh

Family CERATOPHYLLACEAE
Ceratophyllum coon’s-tail
Les, D.H. 1997. Ceratophyllum, pp. 82-84. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
demersum Linnaeus [Les 1997; M&H; W&S]
coon’s-tail

251
 Family CHENOPODIACEAE
Welsh, S.L., C.W. Crompton, & S.E. Clemants. 2003. Chenopodiaceae. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1.
Oxford University Press, New York.
Allenrolfea iodinebush
occidentalis (S. Watson) Kuntze [M&H; W&S]
iodinebush
Halostachys occidentalis S. Watson
Salicornia occidentalis (S. Watson) Greene
Anabasis glomerata Bieberstein = Halogeton glomeratus (Bieberstein) C.A. Meyer
Atriplex saltbush
Bleakly, D. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 11:8. [Atriplex heterosperma]
Brown, G.D. 1956. Taxonomy of America Atriplex. Amer. Midl. Natural. 55:199-210.
Henrickson, J. 1988. A revision of the Atriplex acanthocarpa complex (Chenopodiaceae). Southw. Naturalist 33:451-
463.
Sanderson, S.C. & H.C. Stutz. 2001. Chromosome races of fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens), Chenopodiaceae.
USDA For. Serv. Proc. RMRS-P-21. p. 75-88.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Proatriplex pleiantha]
Stutz, H.C. & G.-L. Chu. 1997(1998). Atriplex pachypoda (Chenopodiaceae), a new species from southwestern
Colorado and northwestern New Mexico. Madroño 44(3):277-281.
Stutz, H.C., G.-L. Chu, & S.C. Sanderson. 1990. Evolutionary studies of Atriplex: phylogenetic relationships of
Atriplex pleiantha. Amer. J. Bot. 77(3):364-369.
Stutz, H.C. & S.C. Sanderson. 1998. Taxonomic clarification of Atriplex nuttallii (Chenopodiaceae) and its near
relatives. Sida 18(1):193-212.
Wagner, W.L. & E.F. Aldon. 1978. Manual of the saltbushes (Atriplex spp.) in New Mexico. USDA, For. Ser. Gen.
Tech. Rpt. RM-57.
Welsh, S.L.. 2003. Atriplex, pp. 322-381. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press, New
York.
Welsh, S.L. & C. Crompton. 1995. Names and types in perennial Atriplex Linnaeus (Chenopodiaceae) in North
America selectively exclusive of Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist 55(4):322-334.
acanthocarpa (Torrey) S. Watson var. acanthocarpa [Henrickson 1988; M&H; W&S; Welsh
2003]
armed saltbush
Obione acanthocarpa Torrey
angustior Cockerell = Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nuttall
argentea Nuttall var. argentea [M&H; W&S; Welsh 2003]
silverscale
Atriplex argentea Nuttall var. caput-medusae (Eastwood) Fosberg
Atriplex caput-medusae Eastwood
argentea Nuttall var. caput-medusae (Eastwood) Fosberg = Atriplex argentea Nuttall subsp. argentea
argentea Nuttall var. mohavense (M.E. Jones) Welsh [M&H; W&S; Welsh 2003]
silverscale
Atriplex expansa S. Watson var. mohavense M.E. Jones
argentea Nuttall var. rydbergii (Standley) Welsh [Stutz & Chu 1997; Welsh 2003]
Rydberg’s orach
Atriplex pachypoda Stutz & Chu
Atriplex rydbergii Standley
canescens (Pursh) Nuttall [M&H; W&S; Welsh 2003]
four-wing saltbush
Atriplex angustior Cockerell
Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. angustifolia (Torrey) S. Watson
canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. angustifolia (Torrey) S. Watson = Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nuttall
canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. garrettii (Rydberg) L. Benson = Atriplex garrettii Rydberg
caput-medusae Eastwood = Atriplex argentea Nuttall subsp. argentea
collina Wooton & Standley = Atriplex confertifolia (Torrey & Fremont) S. Watson
confertifolia (Torrey & Fremont) S. Watson [M&H; W&S; Welsh 2003]
shadscale
Atriplex collina Wooton & Standley
Obione confertifolia Torrey & Fremont
cornuta M.E. Jones = Atriplex saccaria S. Watson var. cornuta (M.E. Jones) Welsh

252
corrugata S. Watson [M&H; Welsh 2003]
matted saltbush
Atriplex nuttallii S. Watson var. corrugata (S. Watson) A. Nelson
cuneata A. Nelson = Atriplex gardneri (Moquin-Tandon) Dietrich var. cuneata (A. Nelson) Welsh
dioica Rafinesque [Welsh 2003]
thickleaf orach
Atriplex patula Linnaeus var. subspicata (Nuttall) S. Watson
Atriplex subspicata (Nuttall) Rydberg
elegans (Moquin-Tandon) D. Dietrich var. elegans [M&H; W&S; Welsh 2003]
wheel-scale
Atriplex elegans (Moquin-Tandon) D. Dietrich var. thornberi Jones
Obione elegans Moquin-Tandon
elegans (Moquin-Tandon) D. Dietrich var. thornberi Jones = Atiplex elegans (Moquin-Tandon) D.
Dietrich var. elegans
expansa S. Watson = Atriplex argentea Nuttall subsp. expansa (S. Watson) Hall & Clements
flagellaris Wooton & Standley = Atriplex semibaccata R. Brown
gardneri (Moquin-Tandon) Dietrich var. cuneata (A. Nelson) Welsh [M&H; Stutz &
Sanderson 1998; Wagner & Aldon 1978; Welsh 2003]
valley saltbush
Atriplex cuneata A. Nelson
Atriplex nuttallii S. Watson subsp. cuneata (A. Nelson) Hall & Clements
garrettii Rydberg [Brown 1956]
Garrett’s saltbush
Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. garrettii (Rydberg) L. Benson
greggii S. Watson = Atriplex obovata Moquin-Tandon
griffithsii Standley = Atriplex torreyi (S. Watson) S. Watson var. griffithsii (Standley) G.D. Brown
heterosperma Bunge = Atriplex micrantha Ledebour
*hortensis Moquin-Tandon [M&H]
garden orache
jonesii Standley = Atriplex obovata Moquin-Tandon
lentiformis (Torrey) S. Watson var. griffithsii (Standley) Benson = Atriplex torreyi (S. Watson) S.
Watson var. griffithsii (Standley) G.D. Brown
*micrantha Ledebour [Bleakly 1999]
two-scale saltbush
Atriplex heterosperma Bunge
×neomexicana Standley : This name refers to sporadic hybrids of Atriplex gardneri × Atriplex
confertifolia
nuttallii S. Watson var. corrugata (S. Watson) A. Nelson = Atriplex corrugata S. Watson
nuttallii S. Watson subsp. cuneata (A. Nelson) Hall & Clements = Atriplex cuneata A. Nelson
obovata Moquin-Tandon [M&H; W&S; Welsh 2003]
New Mexico saltbush
Atriplex greggii S. Watson
Atriplex jonesii Standley
Atriplex sabulosa M.E. Jones
pachypoda Stutz & Chu = Atriplex argentea Nuttall var. rydbergii (Standley) Welsh
patula Linnaeus var. subspicata (Nuttall) S. Watson = Atiplex dioica Rafinesque
pleiantha W.A. Weber [Welsh 2003]
Mancos orache
Proatriplex pleiantha (Weber) Stutz & Chu
powellii S. Watson var. powellii [M&H; W&S; Welsh 2003]
Powell’s orache
prostrata Bouchér ex A.P. de Candolle [Welsh 2003]
fat hen
Atiplex triangularis Willdenow
*rosea Linnaeus [M&H; W&S; Welsh 2003]
tumbling orache
rydbergii Standley = Atriplex argentea Nuttall var. rydbergii (Standley) Welsh

253
 sabulosa M.E. Jones = Atriplex obovata Moquin-Tandon
saccaria S. Watson var. cornuta (M.E. Jones) Welsh [Welsh 2003]
flat-horn orach
Atriplex cornuta M.E. Jones
saccaria S. Watson var. saccaria [M&H; W&S; Welsh 2003]
stalked orache
*semibaccata R. Brown [M&H; W&S; Welsh 2003]
Australian saltbush
Atriplex flagellaris Wooton & Standley
subspicata (Nuttall) Rydberg = Atriplex dioica Rafinesque
torreyi (S. Watson) S. Watson var. griffithsii (Standley) G.D. Brown [Wagner & Aldon 1978]
Griffiths’s saltbush
Atriplex griffithsii Standley
triangularis Willdenow = Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex A.P. de Candolle
truncata (Torrey ex S. Watson) Gray : Reported by M&H, but not by Wagner & Aldon (1978) or
Welsh (2003); awaits verification.
wrightii S. Watson [M&H; W&S; Welsh 2003]
Wright’s saltbush
Bassia smotherweed
Collins, S.L. & W.H. Blackwell, Jr. 1979. Bassia (Chenopodiaceae) in North America. Sida 8(1):57-64.
Mosyakin S. 2003. Bassia, pp. 309-310. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press, New
York.
*hyssopifolia (Pallas) Kuntze [M&H]
smotherweed
Kochia hyssopifolia (Pallas) Schrader
Suaeda hyssopifolia Pallas
sieversiana (Pallas) W.A. Weber = Kochia scoparia (Linnaeus) Schrader
Batis vermiculatus= Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hooker) Torrey
Blitum capitatum Linnaeus = Chenopodium capitatum (Linnaeus) Ambrosi
hastatum Rydberg = Chenopodium capitatum (Linnaeus) Ambrosi var. parvicapitatum S.L. Welsh
nuttallianum Schultes = Monolepis nuttalliana (Schultes) Greene
Ceratoides lanata (Pursh) J.T. Howell = Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) Meeuse & Smit
Chenopodium goosefoot
Aellen, P., & T. Just. 1943. Key and synopsis of the American species of Chenopodium Linnaeus. Am. Midl. Nat.
30:47-76.
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Chenopodium cycloides]
Allred, K.W. 2005. Chenopodium in New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 32:1-5.
Bassett, I.J. & C.W. Crompton. 1982. The genus Chenopodium in Canada. Can. J. Bot. 60(5):586-610.
Clemants, S.E. & S.L. Mosyakin, S.L. 2003. Chenopodium, pp. 275-299. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1.
Oxford University Press, New York.
Crawford, D.J. 1975. Systematic relationships in the narrow-leaved species of Chenopodium of the western United
States. Brittonia 27:279-288.
Crawford, D.J. 1977. A study of morphological variability in Chenopodium incanum (Chenopodiaceae) and the
recognition of two new varieties. Brittonia 29:291-296.
Dorn, R.D. 1988. Chenopodium simplex, an older name for C. gigantospermum (Chenopodiaceae). Madroño 35:162.
Mosyakin, S.L. & S.E. Clemants. 1996. New infrageneric taxa and combinations in Chenopodium L.
(Chenopodiaceae). Novon 6:398-403.
Palomino-H., G., M. Segura-D., R. Bye, & P. Mercado-R. 1990. Cytogenetic distinction between Teloxys and
Chenopodium (Chenopodiaceae). Southwestern Naturalist 35(3):351-353.
Reif, B., J. Larson, B.R. Jacobs, B.E. Nelson, & R.L. Hartman. 2009. Floristic studies in north central New Mexico,
U.S.A., the Tusa Mountains and the Jemez Mountains. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3(2):921-961. [Chenopodium
capitatum capitatum]
Schiebout, M.H., D.L. Hazlett, & N. Snow. 2008. A floristic survey of vascular plants over parts of northeastern New
Mexico. J. Res. Inst. Texas 2(2):1407-1447. [Chenopodium berlandieri berlandieri]
Sivinski, R. 1996. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 3:6. [Chenopodium cycloides]
Standley, P.C. 1916. Chenopodium, in Chenopodiaceae. North American Flora 21, part 1:1-93. [Chenopodium
hircinum inter allii]
Tidestrom, I. & T. Kittell. 1941. A Flora of Arizona and New Mexico. The Catholic University of America Press,
Washington, D.C. 897 pp. [Chenopodium hircinum]
Wahl, H.A. 1952-53. A preliminary study of the genus Chenopodium in North America. Bartonia 27:1-46.
albescens of NM authors, not Small = mostly applied to Chenopodium atrovirens Rydberg
*album Linnaeus var. album [Allred 2005; Clemants & Mosyakin 2003; W&S]

254
 lamb’s quarter
Chenopodium paganum of NM authors, not Reichenbach
*album Linnaeus var. lanceolatum (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Cosson & Germain
[Allred 2005]
Chenopodium lanceolatum Muhlenberg ex Willdenow
album Linnaeus var. leptophyllum Nuttall ex Moquin-Tandon = Chenopodium leptophyllum
(Moquin-Tandon) Nuttall ex S. Watson
album Linnaeus var. missouriense (Aellen) Bassett & Crompton [Allred 2005] Note: This is
our native form of the otherwise exotic Chenopodium album Linnaeus.
Chenopodium missouriense Aellen
ambrosioides Linnaeus = Dysphania ambrosioides (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants
arizonicum Standley = Chenopodium neomexicanum Standley
atrovirens Rydberg [Allred 2005; Clemants & Mosyakin 2003; M&H; Wahl 1952-53]
piñon goosefoot
berlandieri Moquin-Tandon var. berlandieri [Schiebout et al. 2009]
pitted goosefoot
berlandieri Moquin-Tandon var. sinuatum (Murr) Wahlenberg [Allred 2005; Clemants &
Mosyakin 2003; M&H]
pitted goosefoot
Chenopodium petiolare Kunth var. sinuatum Murr
berlandieri Moquin-Tandon var. zschackei (Murr) Murr [Allred 2005; Clemants & Mosyakin
2003]
pitted goosefoot
Chenopodium zschackei Murr
berlandieri Moquin-Tandon var. glaucoviride Aellen = Chenopodium desiccatum A. Nelson var.
leptophylloides (Murr) Wahl
botrys Linnaeus = Dysphania botrys (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants
calceoliforme Hooker = Suaeda calceoliformis (Hooker) Moquin-Tandon
*capitatum (Linnaeus) Ambrosi var. capitatum [Reif et al. 2009]
strawberry blite
Blitum capitatum Linnaeus
*capitatum (Linnaeus) Ambrosi var. parvicapitatum S.L. Welsh [Allred 2005; Clemants &
Mosyakin 2003; M&H; W&S; Wahl 1952-53]
strawberry blite
Blitum hastatum Rydberg
Chenopodium overi Aellen
cornutum (Torrey) Bentham & Hooker = Dysphania graveolens (Willdenow) Mosyakin & Clemants
cycloides A. Nelson [Allred 2005; Clemants & Mosyakin 2003; Sivinski 1996; Wahl 1952-53]
sandhills goosefoot
desiccatum A. Nelson var. desiccatum [Allred 2005; M&H]
desert goosefoot
Chenopodium leptophyllum (Nuttall ex Moquin-Tandon) S. Watson subsp. desiccatum
(A. Nelson) Aellen
Chenopodium pratericola Rydberg subsp. desiccatum (A. Nelson) Aellen
desiccatum A. Nelson var. leptophylloides (Murr) Wahl [Allred 2005; Clemants & Mosyakin
2003; M&H]
plains goosefoot
Chenopodium berlandieri Moquin-Tandon var. glaucoviride Aellen
Chenopodium pratericola Rydberg
Chenopodium pratericola Rydberg var. leptophylloides Aellen
*foliosum (Moench) Ascherson [Allred 2005; Clemants & Mosyakin 2003]
leafy goosefoot
Morocarpus foliosus Moench
fremontii S. Watson [Allred 2005; Clemants & Mosyakin 2003; M&H; W&S]
Fremont’s goosefoot
fremonti S. Watson var. incanum S. Watson = Chenopodium incanum (S. Watson) Heller
gigantospermum Aellen = Chenopodium simplex (Torrey) Rafinesque
glabrescens (Aellen) Wahl = Chenopodium watsonii A. Nelson

255
*glaucum Linnaeus var. glaucum [Wahl 1952-53]
oak-leaf goosefoot
glaucum Linnaeus var. salinum (Standley) B. Boivin [Allred 2005; Clemants & Mosyakin 2003;
M&H; W&S; Wahl 1952-53]
Rocky Mountain goosefoot
Chenopodium salinum Standley
graveolens Willdenow = Dysphania graveolens (Willdenow) Mosyakin & Clemants
graveolens Willdenow var. neomexicanum (Aellen) Aellen = Dysphania graveolens (Willdenow)
Mosyakin & Clemants
hians Standley [Clemants & Mosyakin 2003; M&H; Wahl 1952-53]
gaping goosefoot
Chenopodium incognitum Wahl (not Wahlenberg) pro parte (NM material)
*hircinum Schrader [Standley 1916; Tidestrom & Kittell 1941]
foetid goosefoot
hybridum of early North American authors = Chenopodium simplex (Torrey) Rafinesque
hybridum Linnaeus var. gigantospermum (Aellen) Rouleau = Chenopodium simplex (Torrey)
Rafinesque
hybridum Linnaeus var. simplex Torrey = Chenopodium simplex (Torrey) Rafinesque
hybridum Linnaeus var. standleyanum (Aellen) Fernald = Chenopodium standleyanum Aellen
humile Hooker = Chenopodium rubrum Linnaeus var. humile (Hooker) S. Watson
incanum (S. Watson) Heller [Allred 2005; Clemants & Mosyakin 2003; Crawford 1977; M&H; W&S]
mealy goosefoot
Chenopodium fremonti S. Watson var. incanum S. Watson
Chenopodium incanum (S. Watson) Heller var. elatum Crawford
incanum (S. Watson) Heller var. elatum Crawford = Chenopodium incanum (S. Watson) Heller
incisum Poiret var. neomexicanum Aellen = Dysphania graveolens (Willdenow) Mosyakin &
Clemants
incognitum Wahl (not Wahlenberg) pro parte (NM material) = Chenopodium hians Standley
lanceolatum Muhlenberg ex Willdenow = Chenopodium album Linnaeus var. lanceolatum
(Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Cosson & Germain
leptophyllum (Nuttall ex Moquin-Tandon) S. Watson [Allred 2005; Clemants & Mosyakin 2003;
M&H; W&S; Wahl 1952-53]
narrowleaf goosefoot
Chenopodium album Linnaeus var. leptophyllum Nuttall ex Moquin-Tandon
Chenopodium oblongifolium Rydberg
missouriense Aellen = Chenopodium album Linnaeus var. missouriense (Aellen) Bassett &
Crompton
*murale Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
nettle-leaf goosefoot
neomexicanum Standley [Allred 2005; Clemants &Mosyakin 2003; M&H; Wahl 1952-53]
New Mexico goosefoot
Chenopodium arizonicum Standley
nigrum Rafinesque = Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) Macbride
oblongifolium Rydberg = Chenopodium leptophyllum Nuttall
overi Aellen = Chenopodium capitatum (Linnaeus) Ambrosi var. parvicapitatum S.L. Welsh
paganum of NM authors, not Reichenbach = Chenopodium album Linnaeus
pallescens Standley [Allred 2005; Clemants & Mosyakin 2003; M&H; Wahl 1952-53]
slim-leaf goosefoot
petiolare Kunth var. sinuatum Murr = Chenopodium berlandieri Moquin-Tandon var. sinuatum
(Murr) Wahlenberg
pratericola Rydberg = Chenopodium desiccatum A. Nelson var. leptophylloides (Murr) Wahl
pratericola Rydberg var. leptophylloides Aellen = Chenopodium desiccatum A. Nelson var.
leptophylloides (Murr) Wahl
quinoa Willdenow : Grown occasionally in gardens or as a curiosity; apparently not fruiting in NM
and not known to escape.
*rubrum Linnaeus var. rubrum [Clemants & Mosyakin 2003; M&H]
red goosefoot
rubrum Linnaeus var. humile (Hooker) S. Watson [Allred 2005; Clemants & Mosyakin 2003]

256
 red goosefoot
Chenopodium humile Hooker
salinum Standley = Chenopodium glaucum Linnaeus var. salinum (Standley) B. Boivin
scoparium Linnaeus = Kochia scoparia (Linnaeus) Schrader
simplex (Torrey) Rafinesque [Allred 2005; Clemants & Mosyakin 2003; M&H; W&S]
giant-seed goosefoot
Chenopodium hybridum of early Amer. authors, not Linnaeus
Chenopodium hybridum Linnaeus var. gigantospermum (Aellen) Rouleau
Chenopodium hybridum Linnaeus var. simplex Torrey
Chenopodium gigantospermum Aellen
standleyanum Aellen : Reported by M&H and Aellen & Just (1943), based on a large plant of
Chenopodium incognitum Wahl (=C. hians Standley) from Rio Arriba County
[Wahl 1952-53].
Chenopodium hybridum Linnaeus var. standleyanum (Aellen) Fernald
watsonii A. Nelson [Allred 2005; Clemant & Mosyakin 2003; M&H; W&S; Wahl 1952-53]
stinking goosefoot
Chenopodium glabrescens (Aellen) Wahl
zschackei Murr = Chenopodium berlandieri Moquin-Tandon var. zschackei (Murr) Murr
Corispermum bugseed
Mosyakin, S.L. 1995. New taxa of Corispermum Linnaeus (Chenopodiaceae), with preliminary comments on the
taxonomy of the genus in North America. Novon 5:340-353.
Mosyakin, S. 2003. Corispermum, pp. 313-321. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press,
New York.
americanum (Nuttall) Nuttall var. americanum [M&H; Mosyakin 2003; W&S]
American bugseed
Corispermum hyssopifolium Linnaeus var. americanum Nuttall
Corispermum imbricatum A. Nelson
Corispermum marginale Rydberg
Corispermum nitidum auctores non Kitaibel ex Schultes
americanum (Nuttall) Nuttall var. rydbergii Mosyakin [M&H; Mosyakin 1995, 2003]
Rydberg’s bugseed
Corispermum marginale auctores non Rydberg
Corispermum nitidum auctores non Kitaibel ex Schultes
emarginatum Rydberg = Corispermum villosum Rydberg
hyssopifolium Linnaeus s.s. : Restricted to southeastern Europe and western Asia; NM plants are
referrable to Corispermum americanum (Nuttall) Nuttall [Mosyakin 1995].
hyssopifolium Linnaeus var. americanum Nuttall = Corispermum americanum (Nuttall) Nuttall var.
americanum
imbricatum A. Nelson = Corispermum americanum (Nuttall) Nuttall
marginale Rydberg = Corispermum americanum (Nuttall) Nuttall
nitidum auctores non Kitaibel ex Schultes = Corispermum americanum (Nuttall) Nuttall
orientale Lamarck s.s. : Missapplied to NM specimens, which are referred to Corispermum villosum
Rydberg [Mosyakin 1995].
orientale Lamarck var. emarginatum (Rydberg) Macbride = Corispermum villosum Rydberg
*villosum Rydberg [M&H; Mosyakin 1995]
hairy bugseed
Corispermum emarginatum Rydberg
Corispermum orientale Lamarck var. emarginatum (Rydberg) Macbride
welshii Mosyakin [Mosyakin 1995, 2003]
Welsh’s bugseed
Cycloloma tumbleweed
Mosyakin, S.L. 2003. Cycloloma, pp. 264-265. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press,
New York.
atriplicifolia (Sprengel) Coulter [M&H; W&S]
winged tumbleweed
Salsola atriplicifolia Sprengel
Salsola platyphylla Michaux
Diotis lanata Pursh = Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) Meeuse & Smits
Dondia diffusa (S. Watson) Heller = Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) Macbride

257
 depressa auctores non (Pursh) Britton = Suaeda calceoliformis (Hooker) Moquin
erecta of NM authors = Suaeda calceoliformis (Hooker) Moquin
moquini (Torrey) A. Nelson = Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) Macbride
nigra (Rafinesque) Standley = Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) Macbride
suffrutescens (S. Watson) Heller = Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) Macbride
torreyana (S. Watson) Standley = Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) Macbride
Dysphania wormseed
Clemants, S.E. & S.L. Mosyakin, S.L. 2003. Dysphania, pp. 267-275. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1.
Oxford University Press, New York.
Palomino-H., G., M. Segura-D., R. Bye, & P. Mercado-R. 1990. Cytogenetic distinction between Teloxys and
Chenopodium (Chenopodiaceae). Southwestern Naturalist 35(3):351-353.
Wahl, H.A. 1952-53. A preliminary study of the genus Chenopodium in North America. Bartonia 27:1-46.
Weber, W.A. 1985. The genus Teloxys (Chenopodiaceae). Phytologia 58:477-478.
*ambrosioides (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants [M&H]
Mexican tea
Chenopodium ambrosioides Linnaeus
Teloxys ambrosioides (Linnaeus) W.A. Weber
*botrys (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants [M&H; W&S]
Jerusalem-oak
Chenopodium botrys Linnaeus
Teloxys botrys (Linnaeus) W.A. Weber
graveolens (Willdenow) Mosyakin & Clemants [M&H; W&S; Wahl 1952-53]
fetid goosefoot
Chenopodium cornutum (Torrey) Bentham & Hooker
Chenopodium graveolens Willdenow
Chenopodium graveolens Willdenow var. neomexicanum (Aellen) Aellen
Chenopodium inciscum Poiret var. neomexicanum Aellen
Teloxys graveolens (Willdenow) W.A. Weber
Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moquin-Tandon = Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) Meeuse & Smit
subspinosa Rydberg = Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) Meeuse & Smit
Grayia hop-sage
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Grayia spinosa]
Holmgren, N. 2003. Grayia, pp. 306-307. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press, New
York.
brandegei Gray var. plummeri Stutz & Sanderson = Zuckia brandegei (Gray) Welsh & Stutz var.
plummeri (Stutz & Sanderson) Welsh
spinosa (Hooker) Moquin-Tandon [Heil et al. 2002]
spiny hop-sage
Halogeton halogeton
Holmgren, N.H. 2003. Halogeton, pp. 403-404. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press,
New York.
*glomeratus (Bieberstein) C. A. Meyer [Holmgren 2003; M&H]
halogeton
Anabasis glomerata Bieberstein
Halostachys occidentalis S. Watson = Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Watson) Kuntze
Kochia kochia
Blackwell, W.H., M.D. Baechle, & G. Williamson. 1978. Synopsis of Kochia (Chenopodiaceae) in North America.
Sida 7:248-254.
Chu, G-L., & S.C. Sanderson. 2008(2009). The genus Kochia (Chenopodiaceae) in North America. Madroño
55(4):251-256.
Mosyakin, S. 2003. Kochia, pp. 310-312. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press, New
York.
Stevens, R., K.R. Jorgensen, E.D. McArthur, & J.N. Davis. 1985. 'Immigrant' forage kochia. Rangelands 7(1):22-23.
[Kochia prostrata]
americana S. Watson = Neokochia americana (S. Watson) G.L. Chu & S.C. Sanderson
hyssopifolia (Pallas) Schrader = Bassia hyssopifolia (Pallas) Kuntze
*prostrata (Linnaeus) Schrader [Stevens et al. 1985]
prostrate summer cypress
Salsola prostrata Linnaeus
*scoparia (Linnaeus) Roth [M&H]

258
 Mexican fireweed, kochia
Bassia sieversiana (Pallas) W.A. Weber
Chenopodium scoparium Linnaeus
Kochia sieversiana (Pallas) C.A. Meyer
sieversiana (Pallas) C.A. Meyer = Kochia scoparia (Linnaeus) Roth
Krascheninnikovia winterfat
Holmgren, N. 2003. Krascheninnikovia, pp. 307-308. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University
Press, New York.
Heklau, H. & M. Roser. 2008. Delineation, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the genus Krascheninnikovia
(Amaranthaceae subtribe Axyridinae). Taxon 57(2):563-576.
Howell, J.T. 1971. A new name for winterfat. Wasmann J. Biol. 29:105.
Meeuse, A.D.J. & A. Smit. 1971. A new combination in Krascheninnikovia (Chenopodiaceae). Taxon 20:644.
ceratoides (Linnaeus) Gueldenstaedt subsp. lanata (Pursh) H. Heklau = Krascheninnikovia lanata
(Pursh) Meeuse & Smits
lanata (Pursh) Meeuse & Smits [M&H; W&S]
winterfat
Ceratoides lanata (Pursh) J.T. Howell
Diotis lanata Pursh
Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moquin-Tandon
Eurotia subspinosa Rydberg
Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (Linnaeus) Gueldenstaedt subsp. lanata (Pursh) H. Heklau
Monolepis povertyweed
Holmgren, N.H. 2003. Monolepis, pp. 300-301. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press,
New York.
nuttalliana (Schultes) Greene [Holmgren 2003; M&H; W&S]
Nuttall povertyweed
Blitum nuttallianum Schultes
Morocarpus foliosus Moench = Chenopodium foliosum (Moench) Ascherson
Neokochia molly
Chu, G-L., & S.C. Sanderson. 2008(2009). The genus Kochia (Chenopodiaceae) in North America. Madroño
55(4):251-256.
americana (S. Watson) G.L. Chu & S.C. Sanderson [M&H; W&S]
green molly
Kochia americana S. Watson
Nitrophila occidentalis (Moquin-Tandon) S. Watson (boraxweed) : Reported as expected by M&H map,
and various specimens of Monolepis, Eriogonum, and Glaux have been mis-
identified as this; awaits verification.
Obione acanthocarpa Torrey = Atriplex acanthocarpa (Torrey) S. Watson
confertifolia Torrey & Fremont = Atriplex confertifolia (Torrey & Fremont) S. Watson
elegans Moquin-Tandon = Atriplex elegans (Moquin-Tandon) D. Dietrich var. elegans
suckleyana Torrey = Suckleya suckleyana (Torrey) Rydberg
Proatriplex pleiantha = Atriplex pleiantha W.A. Weber
Salicornia saltwort
Ball, P.W. 2003. Salicornia, pp. 382-384. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press, New
York.
Hershey, A.L. & P.J. Leyendecker, Jr. 1944. Notes on plants of New Mexico – III. Leafl. West. Bot. 4(2):21-25.
[Salicornia rubra]
Scott. A.J. 1977. Reinstatement and revision of Salicorniaceae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 75:357-374.
bigelovii Torrey : Reported by M&H, but this is a coastal species only, and not found in NM [Ball
2003].
rubra A. Nelson [Ball 2003; Hershey & Leyendecker 1944; M&H]
red saltwort
Salicornia europaea Linnaeus subsp. rubra (A. Nelson) Breitung
europaea Linnaeus subsp. rubra (A. Nelson) Breitung = Salicornia rubra A. Nelson
occidentalis (S. Watson) Greene = Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Watson) Kuntze
utahensis Tidestrom = Sarcocornia utahensis (Tidestrom) A.J. Scott
Salsola Russian-thistle
Forbes, A.C. & K.W. Allred. 1999. An investigation of Salsola Linnaeus (Chenopodiaceae) in New Mexico. The New
Mexico Botanist 12:4-7.
Heil, K. & K.W. Allred. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 16:7. [Salsola paulsenii]

259
 Mosyakin, S.L. 1996. A taxonomic synopsis of the genus Salsola (Chenopodiaceae) in North America. Ann. Missouri
Bot. Gard. 83:387-395.
Mosyakin, W. 2003. Salsola, pp. 398-403. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxofrd University Press, New
York.
australis R. Brown = Salsola tragus Linnaeus
atriplicifolia Sprengel = Cycloloma atriplicifolia (Sprengel) Coulter
*collina P.S. Pallas [Forbes & Allred 1999; Mosyakin 2003]
slender Russian-thistle
depressa auctores non (Pursh) S. Watson = Suaeda calceoliformis (Hooker) Moquin
iberica (Sennen & Pau) Botschantzev ex Czerepanov = Salsola tragus Linnaeus
kali Linnaeus s.s. : Found only in coastal areas, not in NM.
kali Linnaeus var. tenuifolia Moquin-Tandon = Salsola tragus Linnaeus
*paulsenii Litvinov [Heil & Allred 2000]
barbwire Russian-thistle
pestifer A. Nelson = Salsola tragus Linnaeus
platyphylla Michaux = Cycloloma atriplicifolia (Sprengel) Coulter
prostrata Linnaeus = Kochia prostrata (Linnaeus) Schrader
*tragus Linnaeus [Forbes & Allred 1999; M&H; W&S]
Russian-thistle
Salsola australis R. Brown
Salsola kali Linnaeus var. tenuifolia Moquin-Tandon
Salsola iberica (Sennen & Pau) Botschantzev ex Czerepanov
Salsola pestifer A. Nelson
Sarcobatus greasewood
vermiculatus (Hooker) Torrey [M&H; W&S]
greasewood
Batis vermiculatus Hooker
Sarcocornia glasswort
Ball, P.W. 2003. Sarcocornia, pp. 384-387. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press, New
York.
Hershey, A.L. & P.J. Leyendecker, Jr. 1944. Notes on plants of New Mexico – III. Leafl. West. Bot. 4(2):21-25.
[Salicornia utahensis]
utahensis (Tidestrom) A.J. Scott [Ball 2003; Hershey & Leyendecker 1944; M&H]
Utah glasswort
Salicornia utahensis Tidestrom
Suaeda seepweed
Bassett, I.J. & C.W. Crompton. 1978. The genus Suaeda in Canada. Can. J. Bot. 56:581-591.
Ferren, W.R. Jr. & H.J. Schenk. 2003. Suaeda, pp. 390-398. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford
University Press, New York.
Hopkins, C.O. & W.H. Blackwell, Jr. 1977. Synopsis of Suaeda (Chenopodiaceae) in North America. Sida 7:147-173.
McNeill, J., I.J. Bassett, & C.W. Crompton. 1977. Suaeda calceoliformis, the correct name for Suaeda depressa
auctores Rhodora 79:133-137.
Schenk, H.J. & W.R. Ferren, Jr. 2001 On the sectional nomenclature of Suaeda (Chenopodiaceae). Taxon 50:857-873.
calceoliformis (Hooker) Moquin-Tandon [Ferren & Schenk 2003; M&H; W&S]
low seepweed
Chenopodium calceoliforme Hooker
Dondia depressa auctores non (Pursh) Britton
Dondia erecta of NM authors
Salsola depressa auctores non Pursh
Suaeda depressa auctores non (Pursh) S. Watson
Suaeda occidentalis (Watson) Watson
depressa auctores non (Pursh) S. Watson = Suaeda calceoliformis (Hooker) Moquin
diffusa S. Watson = Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) Macbride
fruticosa sensu M&H = Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) Macbride
hyssopifolia Pallas = Bassia hyssopifolia (Pallas) Kuntze
moquinii (Torrey) Greene = Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) Macbride
nigra (Rafinesque) Macbride [Ferren & Schenk 2003; M&H; W&S]
shrubby seepweed
Chenopodium nigrum Rafinesque
Dondia diffusa (S. Watson) Heller

260
 Dondia moquini (Torrey) A. Nelson
Dondia nigra (Rafinesque) Standley
Dondia suffrutescens (S. Watson) Heller
Dondia torreyana (S. Watson) Standley
Suaeda diffusa S. Watson
Suaeda fruticosa sensu M&H
Suaeda moquinii (Torrey) Greene
Suaeda nigrescens I.M. Johnston var. glabra I.M. Johnston
Suaeda suffrutescens S. Watson
Suaeda suffrutescens S. Watson var. detonsa Johnston
Suaeda torreyana S. Watson
Suaeda torreyana S. Watson var. ramosissima (Standley) Munz
nigrescens I.M. Johnston var. glabra I.M. Johnston = Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) Macbride
occidentalis (Watson) Watson = Suaeda calceoliformis (Hooker) Moquin-Tandon
suffrutescens S. Watson = Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) Macbride
suffrutescens S. Watson var. detonsa Johnston = Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) Macbride
torreyana S. Watson = Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) Macbride
torreyana S. Watson var. ramosissima (Standley) Munz = Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) Macbride
Suckleya suckleya
Allred, K.W. 2007. What’s in a name – Suckleya suckleyana. The New Mexico Botanist 36:7.
Chu, G. 2003. Suckleya, pp. 305-306. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press, New York.
Chu, G.L., H.C. Stutz, & S.C. Sanderson. 1991. Morphology and taxonomic position of Suckleya suckleyana
(Chenopodiaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 78(1):63-68.
Hershey, A.L. & P.J. Leyendecker, Jr. 1944. Notes on plants of New Mexico – III. Leafl. West. Bot. 4(2):21-25.
suckleyana (Torrey) Rydberg [Chu 2003; Hershey & Leyendecker 1944; M&H]
poison suckleya
Obione suckleyana Torrey
Teloxys ambrosioides (Linnaeus) W.A. Weber = Dysphania ambrosioides (Linnaeus) Mosyakin &
Clemants
botrys (Linnaeus) W.A. Weber = Dysphania botrys (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants
graveolens (Willdenow) W.A. Weber = Dysphania graveolens (Willdenow) Mosyakin & Clemants
Zuckia siltbush
McIntosh, L. 1985. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 32:192. [Zuckia brandegei]
Stutz, H.C. & G.-L. Chu. 1987. Chromosome races of Grayia brandegei (Chenopodiaceae). Madroño 34:142-149.
Welsh, S.L. 2003. Zuckia, pp. 303-305. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press, New York.
brandegei (Gray) Welsh & Stutz ex Welsh var. plummeri (Stutz & Sanderson) Dorn
[McIntosh 1985; Stutz & Chu 1987; Welsh 2003]
siltbush
Grayia brandegei Gray var. plummeri Stutz & Sanderson

Family CICHORIACEAE = ASTERACEAE

Family CISTACEAE
Lechea pinweed
Worthington, R.D. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 14:4. [Lechea tenuifolia]
Strahan, R. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 40:16. [Lechea mucronata]
mucronata Rafinesque [Strahan 2007]
hairy pinweed
tenuifolia Michaux [Worthington 2000]
slender pinweed

Family CLEOMACEAE
Hall, J.C., K.J. Systma, & H.H. Iltis. 2002. Phylogeny of Capparaceae and Brassicaceae based on chloroplast sequence
data. Amer. J. Bot. 89:1826-1842.
Iltis, H.H. 1958. Studies in the Capparidaceae V. Capparidaceae of New Mexico. Southw. Naturalist 3:133-44.
Tucker, G.C. & S.S. Vanderpool. 2010. Cleomacease, p. 199-223. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 7. Oxford
University Press, New York.
Cleome beeplant
integrifolium Torrey & Gray = Cleome serrulata Pursh
lutea Hooker [Iltis 1958; M&H; W&S]

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 yellow spider-flower
Peritoma breviflorum Wooton & Standley
Peritoma luteum (Hooker) Rafinesque
multicaulis A.P. de Candolle [Iltis 1958; M&H]
slender spider-flower
Cleome sonorae Gray
Peritoma sonorae (Gray) Rydberg
pinnata Pursh = Stanley pinnata (Pursh) Britton [Brassicaceae]
serrulata Pursh [Iltis 1958; M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain beeplant
Cleome integrifolium Torrey & Gray
Peritoma serrulatum (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle
sonorae Gray = Cleome multicaulis A.P. de Candolle
uniglandulosa Cavanilles = Polanisia uniglandulosa (Cavanilles) A.P. de Candolle
Cleomella stinkweed
Holmgren, P.K. & A. Cronquist. 2005. Cleomella, p.166-172. IN: Holmgren, N.H., P.K. Holmgren, & A. Cronquist.
Intermountain Flora, vol. 2, pt. B. [Cleomella obtusifolia]
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, & C. Keller. 1995 [1996]. Additions to the floras of Colorado and New Mexico. Phytologia
79(5):319-324.
longipes Torrey [M&H; W&S]
Chiricahua Mountain stinkweed
*obtusifolia Torrey & Fremont [Holmgren & Cronquist 2005]
Mojave stinkweed
palmeriana M.E. Jones [Sivinski et al. 1995]
Rocky Mountain stinkweed
Koeberlinia = see Koeberliniaceae
Peritoma breviflorum Wooton & Standley = Cleome lutea Hooker
luteum (Hooker) Rafinesque = Cleome lutea Hooker
serrulatum (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle = Cleome serrulata Pursh
sonorae (Gray) Rydberg = Cleome multicaulis A.P. de Candolle
Polanisia clammyweed
Tucker, G.C. Polanisia, p. 201-204. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 7. Oxford University Press, New York.
Willson, J., R. Spellenberg, & H. Wolfe. 1979. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 26:48. [Polanisia
jamesii]
dodecandra (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle subsp. trachysperma (Torrey & Gray) Iltis [Iltis
1958; M&H; W&S]
red-whisker clammyweed
Polanisia trachysperma Torrey & Gray
dodecandra (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle subsp. uniglandulosa (Cavanilles) Iltis = Polanisia
uniglandulosa (Cavanilles) A.P. de Candolle
jamesii (Torrey & Gray) Iltis [Willson et al. 1979]
James’s clammyweed
trachysperma Torrey & Gray = Polanisia dodecandra (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle subsp.
dodecandra var. trachysperma (Torrey & Gray) Iltis
uniglandulosa (Cavanilles) A.P. de Candolle [Iltis 1958; M&H; W&S]
Mexican clammyweed
Cleome uniglandulosa Cavanilles
Polanisia dodecandra (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle subsp. uniglandulosa (Cavanilles)
Iltis
Wislizenia jack-ass-clover
refracta Engelmann [Iltis 1958; M&H; W&S]
jack-ass-clover

Family CLUSIACEAE (GUTTIFERAE)

Hypericum = see Hypericaceae

Family COCHLOSPERMACEAE = BIXACEAE

262
 Family COMPOSITAE = ASTERACEAE

Family CONVOLVULACEAE
[Cuscutaceae, Dichondraceae]
Austin, D.F. 1990. Annotated checklist of New Mexican Convolvulaceae. Sida 14(2):273-286.
Calystegia hedge bindweed
macounii (Greene) Brummitt [Austin 1990]
Macoun’s bindweed
Convolvulus macounii Greene
sepium (Linnaeus) R. Brown subsp. angulata Brummitt [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
hedge bindweed
Convolvulus bindweed
*arvensis Linnaeus [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
field bindweed
capillaceus Kunth = Ipomoea capillacea (Kunth) G. Don
equitans Bentham [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
Texas bindweed
Convolvulus incanus Vahl
incanus Vahl = Convolvulus equitans Bentham
macounii Greene = Calystegia macounii (Greene) Brummitt
purpureus Linnaeus = Ipomoea purpurea (Linnaeus) Roth
Cressa alkaliweed
truxillensis Kunth [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
alkaliweed
Cressa truxillensis Kunth var. vallicola (Heller) Munz
Cressa vallicola Heller
truxillensis Kunth var. vallicola (Heller) Munz = Cressa truxillensis Kunth
vallicola Heller = Cressa truxillensis Kunth
Cuscuta dodder
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Cuscuta applanata, Cuscuta
cuspidata]
Austin, D.F. 1986. Cuscutaceae, pp. 661-666. IN: Great Plains Flora Association. Flora of the Great Plains. University
Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
Costea, M., G.L. Nesom, & S. Stefanovic. 2006. Taxonomy of the Cuscuta pentagona complex (Convolvulaceae) in
North America. Sida 22(1):151-176.
Costea, M. & S. Stefanovic. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of the Cuscuta californica complex (Convolvulaceae) and a
new species from New Mexico and Trans-Pecos. Syst. Bot. 34(3):570-579. [Cuscuta draconella]
Costea, M., G.L. Nesom, & S. Stefanovic. 2006. Taxonomy of the Cuscuta salina-californica complex
(Convolvulaceae). Sida 22(1):177-195.
Costea, M., G.L. Nesom, & S. Stefanovic. 2006. Taxonomy of Cuscuta gronovii and Cuscuta umbrosa
(Convolvulaceae). Sida 22(1):197-207.
Costea, M., G.L. Nesom, & S. Stefanovic. 2006. Taxonomy of the Cuscuta indecora (Convolvulaceae) complex in
North America. Sida 22(1):209-225.
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Cuscuta warneri]
Yuncker, T.G. 1921. Revision of the North American and West Indian species of Cuscuta. Ill. Biol. Monogr. 6:7-141.
Yuncker, T.G. 1932. The genus Cuscuta. Memoirs of the torrey Botanical Club 18(2): 113 - 331. [Cuscuta
fasciculata, Cuscuta approximata urceolata]
Yuncker, T.G. 1965. Cuscuta. North American Flora, ser. II, pt 4:1-51.
applanata Engelmann [Allred 1999]
Gila River dodder
*approximata Babington [Yuncker 1932]
alfalfa dodder
Cuscuta approximata Babington var. urceolata (Kunze) Yuncker
approximata Babington var. urceolata (Kunze) Yuncker = Cuscuta approximata Babington
campestris Yuncker [Costea et al. 2006; M&H]
field dodder
Cuscuta pentagona Engelmann var. calycina Engelmann
Cuscuta pentagona Engelmann var. pubescens (Engelmann) Yuncker
cephalanthi Engelmann [M&H]
buttonbush dodder

263
 coryli Engelmann [Costea et al. 2006; M&H]
hazel dodder
curta (Engelmann) Rydberg = Cuscuta megalocarpa Rydberg
cuspidata Engelmann [Allred 1999]
cusp dodder
draconella Costea & Stefanovic [Costea & Stefanovic 2009]
little dragon dodder
*epithymum Linnaeus [M&H]
clover dodder
+fasciculata Yuncker [Yuncker 1932]
clustered dodder
glabrior (Engelmann) Yuncker [M&H]
smooth dodder
Cuscuta pentagona Engelmann var. glabrior (Engelmann) Gandhi, Thomas & Hatch
Cuscuta verrucosa Engelmann var. glabrior Engelmann
glomerata Choisy [Yuncker 1932]
rope dodder
gronovii Willdenow ex J.A. Schultes var. gronovii [Costea et al. 2006; M&H]
scaldweed
gronovii Willdenow ex J.A. Schultes var. latiflora Engelmann [Costea et al. 2006]
scaldweed
indecora Choisy [Costea et al. 2006; M&H]
large-seed dodder
leptantha Engelmann [M&H]
slender dodder
megalocarpa Rydberg [M&H]
big-fruit dodder
Cuscuta curta (Engelmann) Rydberg
mitriformis Engelmann : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
pentagona Engelmann var. calycina Engelmann = Cuscuta campestris Yuncker
pentagona Engelmann var. glabrior (Engelmann) Gandhi, Thomas & Hatch = Cuscuta glabrior
(Engelmann) Yuncker
pentagona Engelmann s.s. : Not known from NM [Costea et al. 2006].
pentagona Engelmann var. pubescens (Engelmann) Yuncker = Cuscuta glabrior (Engelmann)
Yuncker
potosina Schaffner var. globifera Yuncker [Yuncker 1921, 1965]
globe dodder
salina Engelmann [Costea et al. 2006; M&H]
goldenthread
squamata Engelmann [M&H]
scale-flower dodder
*suaveolens Seringe : Reported without documentation by Kartesz (1999); awaits verification.
tuberculata Brandegee [Yuncker 1921, 1965]
popcorn dodder
umbrosa Beyrich ex Hooker [Costea et al. 2006]
pale dodder
umbellata Kunth [M&H]
flat-globe dodder
verrucosa Engelmann var. glabrior Engelmann = Cuscuta glabrior (Engelmann) Yuncker
warneri Yuncker [Costea et al. 2006; Peterson 2000]
Warner’s dodder
Dichondra pony’s-foot
argentea Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
silver pony’s-foot
brachypoda Wooton & Standley [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]

264
 New Mexico pony’s-foot
Evolvulus morning-glory
alsinoides Linnaeus var. angustifolius Torrey [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
slender morning-glory
Evolvulus linifolius Linnaeus
argenteus Pursh = Evolvulus nuttallianus Roemer & Schultes
arizonicus Gray = Evolvulus laetus Gray
arizonicus Gray var. laetus (Gray) van Oostroom = Evolvulus laetus Gray
laetus Gray [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
Arizona morning-glory
Evolvulus arizonicus Gray var. laetus (Gray) van Oostroom
Evolulus arizonicus Gray
linifolius Linnaeus = Evolvulus alsinoides Linnaeus var. angustifolius Torrey
nuttallianus Roemer & Schultes [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
shaggy morning-glory
Evolvulus argenteus Pursh
Evolvulus oreophilus Greene
Evolvulus pilosus Nuttall
oreophilus Greene = Evolvulus nuttallianus Roemer & Schultes
pilosus Nuttall = Evolvulus nuttallianus Roemer & Schultes
sericeus Swartz var. discolor (Bentham) Gray = Evolvulus sericeus Swartz var. sericeus
sericeus Swartz var. sericeus [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
silvery morning-glory
Evolvulus sericeus Swartz var. discolor (Bentham) Gray
Evolvulus wilcoxianus House
wilcoxianus House = Evolvulus sericeus Swartz var. sericeus
Ipomoea morning-glory
McDonald, A. 1984. Ipomoea dumetorum (Convolvulaceae): an amphitropical disjunct morning glory in the
southwestern United States. Sida 10:252-254.
McDonald, J.A. 1995. Revision of Ipomoea section Leptocallis (Convolvulaceae). Harvard Papers in Botany 6:97-
122.
Soreng, R. & R. Spellenberg. 1981. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 28:87-88. [Ipomoea plummerae
cuneifolia]
barbatisepala Gray [Austin 1990; M&H]
canyon morning-glory
capillacea (Kunth) G. Don [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
purple morning-glory
Convolvulus capillaceus Kunth
Ipomoea muricata Cavanilles
Ipomoea patens (Gray) House
cardiophylla Gray [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
dutchman’s-pipe morning-glory
coccinea auctores non Linnaeus var. coccinea = Ipomoea cristulata H. Hall.
coccinea auctores non Linnaeus var. hederifolia (Linnaeus) Gray = Ipomoea cristulata H. Hall.
costellata Torrey [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
crested morning-glory
cristulata H. Hall [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
Trans-Pecos morning-glory
Ipomoea coccinea auctores non Linnaeus var. coccinea
Ipomoea coccinea auctores non Linnaeus var. hederifolia (Linnaeus) Gray
Quamoclit coccinea (auctores non Linnaeus) Moench
Quamoclit hederifolia (auctores non Linnaeus) Choisy
cuneifolia Gray = Ipomoea plummerae Gray var. cuneifolia (Gray) Macbride
desertorum House = Ipomoea purpurea (Linnaeus) Roth
dumetorum Willdenow ex Roemer & Schultes [Austin 1990; McDonald 1984]
railway-creeper
egregia House = Ipomoea plummerae Gray var. cuneifolia (Gray) Macbride
*hederacea Jacquin [Austin 1990; M&H]

265
 ivy-leaf morning-glory
Pharbitis hederacea (Linnaeus) Choisy
hirsutula Jacquin f. = Ipomoea purpurea (Linnaeus) Roth
leptophylla Torrey [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
bush morning-glory
leptotoma Torrey = Ipomoea ternifolia Cavanilles var. leptotoma (Torrey) McDonald
lindheimeri Gray [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
Lindheimer’s morning-glory
Pharbitis lindheimeri (Gray) Small
longifolia Bentham : Reported by M&H, but not occurring in NM [Austin 1990].
mexicana Gray = Ipomoea purpurea (Linnaeus) Roth
muricata Cavanilles = Ipomoea capillacea (Kunth) G. Don
patens (Gray) House = Ipomoea capillacea (Kunth) G. Don
plummerae Gray var. cuneifolia (Gray) Macbride [McDonald 1995; Soreng & Spellenberg 1981]
Huachuca morning-glory
Ipomoea cuneifolia Gray
Ipomoea egregia House
plummerae Gray var. plummerae [Austin 1990]
Plummer’s morning-glory
pubescens Lamarck [Austin 1990]
silky morning-glory
*purpurea (Linnaeus) Roth [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
common morning-glory
Convolvulus purpureus Linnaeus
Ipomoea desertorum House
Ipomoea hirsutula Jacquin f.
Ipomoea mexicana Gray
tenuiloba Torrey var. tenuiloba [Austin 1990; M&H; W&S]
spiderleaf
ternifolia Cavanilles var. leptotoma (Torrey) McDonald [Austin 1990; M&H]
three-leaf morning-glory
Ipomoea leptotoma Torrey
Pharbitis hederacea (Linnaeus) Choisy = Ipomoea hederacea (Linnaeus) Jacquin
lindheimeri (Gray) Small = Ipomoea lindheimeri Gray
Quamoclit coccinea (auctores non Linnaeus) Moench = Ipomoea cristulata H. Hall.
hederifolia (auctores non Linnaeus) Choisy = Ipomoea cristulata H. Hall.

Family CORRIGIOLACEAE = CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Family CORNACEAE
Cornus dogwood
Eyde, R.H. 1987. The case for keeping Cornus in the broad Linnaean sense. Syst. Bot. 12:509-518.
Ferguson, I.K. 1966. Notes on the nomenclature of Cornus. J. Arnold Arbor. 47:100-105.
canadensis Linnaeus [M&H]
Canadian bunchberry
instolonea A. Nelson = Cornus stolonifera Michaux
sericea Linnaeus subsp. sericea [M&H; W&S]
red-osier dogwood
Cornus instolonea A. Nelson
Cornus sericea Linnaeus subsp. stolonifera (Michaux) Fosberg
Cornus stolonifera Michaux
sericea Linnaeus subsp. stolonifera (Michaux) Fosberg = Cornus sericea Linnaeus subsp. sericea
stolonifera Michaux = Cornus sericea Linnaeus subsp. sericea
Garrya = see GARRYACEAE

Family CRASSULACEAE
Clementsia rhodantha (Gray) Rose = Sedum rhodanthum Gray

266
Cotyledon rusbyi Greene = Graptopetalum rusbyi (Greene) Rose
Crassula pygmyweed
Moran, R.V. 2009. Crassula, p. 150-155. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press, New York.
aquatica (Linnaeus) Schönland [Moran 2009]
water pygmyweed
Graptopetalum leather-petal
Sivinski, R. & K. Lightfoot, eds. 1994. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of New Mexico. New Mexico
Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Misc. Publ. No. 3. [Graptopetalum rusbyi]
rusbyi (Greene) Rose [Sivinski & Lightfoot 1994]
Rusby’s leather-petal
Cotyledon rusbyi Greene
Rhodiola integrifolia Rafinesque = Sedum integrifolium (Rafinesque) A. Nelson subsp. integrifolium
neomexicana Britton = Sedum integrifolium (Rafinesque) A. Nelson subsp. neomexicanum (Britton)
Clausen
polygama (Rydberg) Britton & Rose = Sedum integrifolium (Rafinesque) A. Nelson subsp.
neomexicanum (Britton) Clausen
Sedum stonecrop
Clausen, R.T. 1975. Sedum of North America North of the Mexican Plateau. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New
York. 742 pp.
Clausen, R.T. 1979. Sedum in six areas of the Mexican Cordilleran Plateau. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 106(3):205-216.
Moran, R.V. 2009. Rhodiola, p. 164-167. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press, New York.
Ohba, H. 2009. Sedum, p. 199-222. Cholewa, A.F. 2009. Lysimachia, p. 308-318. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8.
Oxford University Press.

cockerellii Britton [Clausen 1975; M&H; Ohba 2009; W&S]

Cockerell’s stonecrop
Sedum griffithsii Rose
Sedum wootonii Britton
debile S. Watson [Ohba 2009]
feeble stonecrop
griffithsii Rose = Sedum cockerellii Britton
integrifolium (Rafinesque) A. Nelson subsp. integrifolium [Clausen 1975; M&H; Moran 2009]
rosewort
Rhodiola integrifolia Rafinesque
Thodiola integrifolia Rafinesque
Sedum integrifolium (Rafinesque) A. Nelson subsp. procerum Clausen
+integrifolium (Rafinesque) A. Nelson subsp. neomexicanum (Britton) Clausen [Clausen
1975; M&H; Moran 2009; W&S]
New Mexico rosewort
Rhodiola neomexicana Britton
Rhodiola polygama (Rydberg) Britton & Rose
integrifolium (Rafinesque) A. Nelson subsp. procerum Clausen = Sedum integrifolium (Rafinesque)
A. Nelson subsp. integrifolium
lanceolatum Torrey subsp. lanceolatum [Clausen 1975; M&H; Moran 2009; W&S]
rosewort
Sedum stenopetalum sensu W&S
rhodanthum Gray [Clausen 1975; M&H; Moran 2009; W&S]
queen’s-crown
Clementsia rhodantha (Gray) Rose
rosea (Linnaeus) Scopoli : Reported by Correll & Correll (1972), but this species occurs far to the
east of NM [Clausen 1975].
stelliforme S. Watson [Clausen 1975; M&H; Ohba 2009; W&S]
Huachuca Mountain stonecrop
stenopetalum sensu W&S = Sedum lanceolatum Torrey
wootonii Britton = Sedum cockerellii Britton
wrightii Gray subsp. priscum R.T. Clausen [Clausen 1975, 1979; M&H; Ohba 2009; W&S]
Wright’s stonecrop
wrightii Gray subsp. wrightii [Ohba 2009]

267
 Wright’s stonecrop
Tillaea aquatica Linnaeus = Crassula aquatica (Linnaeus) Schönland
Thodiola integrifolia Rafinesque = Sedum integrifolium (Rafinesque) A. Nelson subsp. integrifolium

Family CROSSOSOMATACEAE
Apacheria Apachebush
Knight, P.J., C.R. Wahl, & R. Fletcher. 1984. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 31:63.
Spellenberg, R., M. Mahrt & R. Brozka. 1991. Noteworthy collections, New Mexico. Madroño 38:298-301.
chiricahuensis Mason [Knight et al. 1984; Spellenberg et al. 1991]
Apachebush
Forsellesia planitierum Ensign = Glossopetalon spinescens Gray var. planitierum (Ensign) Yatskievych
spinescens (Gray) Greene = Glossopetalon spinescens Gray
Glossopetalon greasebush
Brooks, R.E. 1984. An addition to the New Mexico flora, Glossopetalon planitierum (Crossosomataceae). Sida
10:321-322.
Ensign, M. A. 1942. Revision of the celastraceous genus Forsellesia (Glossopetalon). American Midland Naturalist
27:501-511.
Holmgren, N. 1988. Glossopetalon (Crossosomataceae) and a new variety of G. spinescens from the Great Basin,
U.S.A. Brittonia 40:269-274.
Yatskievych, G. 2007. New combination in Glossopetalon (Crossosomataceae). Novon 17(4):529-530.
planitierum (Ensign) St. John = Glossopetalon spinescens Gray var. planitierum (Ensign)
Yatskievych
spinescens Gray var. planitierum (Ensign) Yatskievych [Brooks 1984]
plains greasebush
Forsellesia planitierum Ensign
spinescens Gray var. spinescens [M&H; W&S]
spiny greasebush
Forsellesia spinescens (Gray) Greene

Family CRUCIFERAE = BRASSICACEAE

Family CUCURBITACEAE
Jeffrey, C. 1990. Appendix: An outline classification of the Cucurbitaceae, pp. 449-463. IN: D.M. Bates, R.W.
Robinson, & C. Jeffrey, eds. Biology and utilization of the Cucurbitaceae. Cornell University Press, Ithaca,
NY.
Apodanthera melon-loco
undulata Gray [M&H; W&S]
melon-loco
Citrullus watermelon
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Citrullus vulgaris citroides]
citrullus (Linnaeus) Small = Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai var. lanatus
*lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai var. citroides (Bailey) Mansfeld [Spellenberg et
al. 1986]
citron
Citrullus vulgaris Schrader var. citroides Bailey
*lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai var. lanatus [M&H; W&S]
watermelon
Citrullus citrullus (Linnaeus) Small
Citrullus vulgaris Schrader
Momordica lanata Thunberg
vulgaris Schrader = Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai var. lanatus
vulgaris Schrader var. citroides Bailey = Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai var.
citroides (Bailey) Mansfield
Cucumis melon
Hershey, A.L. 1938. Notes on plants of New Mexico – 1. Leaflets of Western Botany 2(8):138. [Cucumis
myriocarpus]
Kirkbride, J.H. 1993. Biosystematic monograph of the genus Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae): botanical identification of
cucumbers and melons. Boone, N.C.: Parkway Publishers.
*melo Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
268
 cantaloupe, melon
myriocarpus Naudin : Reported by Hershey (1938) from around farms near Lovington, but probably
only a one-time escape and not known to have persisted in the wild in NM.
Cucurbita gourd
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Cucurbita. pepo pepo]
Sivinski, R. & K. Lightfoot, eds. 1994. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of New Mexico. New Mexico
Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Misc. Publ. No. 3. [Cucurbita texana]
digitata Gray [M&H; W&S]
finger-leaf gourd
foetidissima Kunth [M&H; W&S]
buffalo gourd
Cucurbita perennis Gray
Pepo foetidissima (Kunth) Britton
*pepo Linnaeus var. pepo [Heil et al. 2002]
field pumpkin
pepo Linnaeus var. texana (Scheele) Decker [Sivinski & Lightfoot 1994]
field pumpkin
Tristemon texanum Scheele
perennis Gray = Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth
Cyclanthera cyclanthera
Wagner, W.L. 1979. New records to the Animas Mountain flora, New Mexico. Southw. Naturalist 24(2):291-296.
[Cyclanthera dissecta]
dissecta (Torrey & Gray) Arnott [M&H; Wagner 1979]
cut-leaf cyclanthera
Discanthera dissecta Torrey & Gray
Discanthera dissecta Torrey & Gray = Cyclanthera dissecta (Torrey & Gray) Arnott
Echinocystis wild cucumber
gilensis Greene = Marah gilensis (Greene) Greene
lobata (Michaux) Torrey & Gray [M&H]
wild cucumber
Micrampelis lobata (Michaux) Greene
Sicyos lobatus Michaux
wrightii (Gray) Cogniaux = Echinopepon wrightii (Gray) S. Watson
Echinopepon spiny-melon
Stocking, K.M. 1955. Some considerations of the genera Echinocystis and Echinopepon in the United States and
northern Mexico. Madroño 13:84-100. [Echinopepon coulteri]
confusus Rose = Echinopepon coulteri (Gray) Rose
coulteri (Gray) Rose [Stocking 1955]
Coulter’s spiny-melon
Echinopepon confusus Rose
Elaterium coulteri Gray
wrightii (Gray) S. Watson [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s spiny-melon
Echinocystis wrightii (Gray) Cogniaux
Elaterium wrightii Gray
Elaterium coulteri Gray = Echinopepon coulteri (Gray) Rose
wrightii Gray = Echinopepon wrightii (Gray) S. Watson
Ibervillea globeberry
Kearns, D.M. 1994. The genus Ibervillea (Cucurbitaceae): An enumeration of the species and two new combinations.
Madroño 41(1):13-22.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470.
lindheimeri (A. Gray) Greene : This is a species of central and east Texas; our plants belong to
Ibervillea tripartita (Naudin) Greene [Kearns 1994]; reported for NM by
Spellenberg et al. (1986) as Ibervillea tripartita (Naudin) Greene, but based upon a
misidentified specimen of Ibervillea tenuisecta (Gray) Small.
Ibervillea tripartita (Naudin) Greene
tenuisecta (Gray) Small [M&H; W&S]

269
 deer-apples
Sicydium lindheimeri Gray var. tenuisectum Gray
tripartita (Naudin) Greene = Ibervillea lindheimeri (A. Gray) Greene
Marah manroot
gilensis (Greene) Greene [M&H; W&S]
Gila manroot
Echinocystis gilensis Greene
Megarrhiza gilensis Greene
Micrampelis gilensis (Greene) Britton
Megarrhiza gilensis Greene = Marah gilensis (Greene) Greene
Micrampelis gilensis (Greene) Britton = Marah gilensis (Greene) Greene
lobata (Michaux) Greene = Echinocystis lobata (Michaux) Torrey & Gray
Momordica balsam-apple
Spellenberg, R. 1996. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 4:8. [Momordica balsamina]
*balsamina Linnaeus [Spellenberg 1996]
balsam-apple
lanata Thunberg = Citrulus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai var. lanatus
Pepo foetidissima (Kunth) Britton = Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth
Sicydium lindheimeri Gray var. tenuisectum Gray = Ibervillea tenuisecta (Gray) Small
Sicyos bur-cucumber
ampelophyllus Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
streamside bur-cucumber
Sicyos laciniatus Linnaeus var. subintigera Cogniaux
glaber Wooton [M&H; W&S]
smooth bur-cucumber
laciniatus Linnaeus var. subintigera Cogniaux = Sicyos ampelophyllus Wooton & Standley
lobatus Michaux = Echinocystis lobata (Michaux) Torrey & Gray
parviflorus Willdenow [M&H; W&S]
small bur-cucumber
Sicyosperma arrowheads
gracile Gray [M&H]
climbing arrowheads
Tristemon texanum Scheele = Cucurbita pepo Linnaeus var. texana (Scheele) Decker

Family CUSCUTACEAE = CONVOLVULACEAE

Family DICHONDRACEAE = CONVOLVULACEAE

Family DILLENIACEAE
Tigarea tridentata Pursh = Purshia tridentata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle

Family DIPSACACEAE = CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Family EHRETIACEAE = BORAGINACEAE

Family ELAEAGNACEAE
Graham, S.A. 1964. The Elaeagnaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 45:274-278.
Elaeagnus oleaster
*angustifolia Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
Russian olive
Hippophaë argentea Pursh = Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nuttall
canadensis Linnaeus = Shepherdia canadensis (Linnaeus) Nuttall
Lepargyrea argentea (Pursh) Greene = Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nuttall
canadensis (Linnaeus) Greene = Shepherdia canadensis (Linnaeus) Nuttall
Shepherdia buffalo-berry
argentea (Pursh) Nuttall [M&H; W&S]

270
 silver buffalo-berry
Lepargyrea argentea (Pursh) Greene
Hippophaë argentea Pursh
canadensis (Linnaeus) Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
russet buffalo-berry
Lepargyrea canadensis (Linnaeus) Greene
Hippophaë canadensis Linnaeus

Family ELATINACEAE
Tucker, G.C. 1986. The genera of Elatinaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 67:471-483.
Bergia bergia
texana (Hooker) Seubert ex Walpers [M&H]
Texas bergia
Merimea texana Hooker
Elatine waterwort
Heil, K.D. & S. O’Kane. 2009. Plant distribution reports [Elatine chilensis]. The New Mexico Botanist 48:7.
americana (Pursh) Arnott : This species occurs to the east of NM; our material is referred to Elatine
rubella Rydberg.
americana of NM works = Elatine rubella Rydberg
brachysperma Gray [M&H]
short-seed waterwort
Elatine triandra Schkuhr var. brachysperma (Gray) Fassett
*chilensis C. Gay [Heil & O’Kane 2009]
Chilean waterwort
rubella Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
red-stem waterwort
Elatine americana of NM works
Elatine triandra of NM works
triandra of NM works = Elatine rubella Rydberg
triandra Schkuhr var. americana (Pursh) Fassett : This taxon occurs to the east of NM; our material
referred to Elatine rubella Rydberg
triandra Schkuhr var. brachysperma (Gray) Fassett = Elatine brachysperma Gray
Merimea texana Hooker = Bergia texana (Hooker) Seubert ex Walpers

Family EPILOBIACEAE = ONAGRACEAE

Family ERICACEAE
[Monotropaceae, Pyrolaceae, Vacciniaceae]
Judd, W.S. & K.A. Kron. 1993. Circumscription of Ericaceae (Ericales) as determined by preliminary cladistic
analyses based on morphological, anatomical, and embryological features. Brittonia 45:99-114.
Haber, E. 1992. Monotropaceae. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 26(1):15-16.
Haber, E. 1992. Pyrolaceae. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 26(1):22-28.
Haber, E. & J.E. Cruise. 1974. Generic limits in the Pyroloideae (Ericaceae). Canad. J. Bot. 52:877-883.
Kron, K.W. 1996. Phylogenetic relationships of Empetraceae, Epacridaceae, Ericaceae, Monotropaceae, and
Pyrolaceae: Evidence from nuclear ribosomal 18s sequence data. Ann. Bot. 77:293-303.
Kron, K.A., W.S. Judd, P.F. Stevens, D.M. Crayn, A.A. Anderberg, P.A. Gadek, C.J. Quinn, & J.L. Luteyn. 2002.
Phylogenetic classification of Ericaceae: Molecular and morphological evidence. Bot. Rev. 68(3):335-423.
Kron, K.A. & M.W. Chase. 1993. Systematics of the Ericaceae, Empetraceae, Epacridaceae and related taxa based
upon rbcl sequence data. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80:735-741.
Arbutus madrone
Sorensen, P.D. 2009. Arbutus, p. 398-400. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
arizonica (Gray) Sargent [M&H; Sorensen 2009; W&S]
Arizona madrone
Arbutus xalapensis Kunth var. arizonica Gray
texana Buckley [M&H; Sorensen 2009; W&S]
Texas madrone
uva-ursi Linnaeus = Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Linnaeus) Sprengel
xalapensis Kunth var. arizonica Gray = Arbutus arizonica (Gray) Sargent
Arctostaphylos manzanita

271
 Adams, J.E. 1940. A systematic study of the genus Arctostaphylos Adans. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 56:1-62.
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports [Arctostaphylos patula]. The New Mexico Botanist 39:7.
Parker, V.T., MC. Vasey, & J.E. Keeley. 2009. Arctostaphylos, p. 406-445. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8.
Oxford University Press.
patula Greene [Heil 2007]
green-leaf manzanita
pungens Kunth [M&H; Parker et al. 2009; W&S]
pointleaf manzanita
uva-ursi (Linnaeus) Sprengel [M&H; Parker et al. 2009; W&S]
bearberry
Arbutus uva-ursi Linnaeus
Daphnidostylis fendleriana Klotzsch
Chimaphila pipsissewa
Freeman, C.C. 2009. Chimaphila, p. 385-387. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
acuta Rydberg = Chimaphila umbellata (Linnaeus) Nuttall var. acuta (Rydberg) Blake
dasystemma Torrey = Chimaphila umbellata (Linnaeus) Nuttall var. acuta (Rydberg) Blake
maculata (Linnaeus) Pursh var. dasystemma (Torrey) Kearney & Peebles : Reported as expected by
M&H; awaits verification.
Chimaphila dasystemma Torrey
umbellata (Linnaeus) Nuttall var. acuta (Rydberg) Blake [Freeman 2009; M&H; W&S]
pipsissewa
Chimaphila acuta Rydberg
Daphnidostylis fendleriana Klotzsch = Arctostaphylos ura-ursi (Linnaeus) Sprengel
Erxlebenia minor (Linnaeus) Rydberg = Pyrola minor Linnaeus
Gaultheria wintergreen
Trock, D.K. 2009. Gaultheria, p. 512-515. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
humifusa (Graham) Rydberg [M&H]
alpine wintergreen
Vaccinium humifusum Graham
Hypopitys latisquama Rydberg = Monotropa hypopitys Linnaeus
monotropa Crantz = Monotropa hypopitys Linnaeus
Moneses wintergreen
Freeman, C.C. 2009. Moneses, p. 384-385. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
uniflora (Linnaeus) Gray [Freeman 2009; M&H; W&S]
single-delight
Pyrola uniflora Linnaeus
Monotropa Indian-pipe
Haber, E. 1992. Monotropaceae. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 26(1):15-16.
Wallace, G.D. 1975. Studies of the Monotropoideae (Ericaceae): Taxonomy and distribution. Wasmann J. Biol. 33:1-
88.
Wallace, G.D. 2009. Monotropa, p. 392-393. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
hypopitys Linnaeus [M&H; W&S; Wallace 1975]
Indian-pipe
Hypopitys latisquama Rydberg
Hypopitys monotropa Crantz
Monotropa hypopitys Linnaeus var. latisquama (Rydberg) Kearney & Peebles
Monotropa latisquama (Rydberg) Hultén
hypopitys Linnaeus var. latisquama (Rydberg) Kearney & Peebles = Monotropa hypopitys Linnaeus
latisquama (Rydberg) Hultén = Monotropa hypopitys Linnaeus
uniflora Linnaeus : Reported as expected by M&H; this seems unlikely in view of the distribution
reported by Wallace (1975); awaits verification.
Orthilia wintergreen
Freeman, C.C. 2009. Orthilia, p. 388-389. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
Haber, E. 1992. Pyrolaceae. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 26(1):22-28.
Haber, E. & J.E. Cruise. 1974. Generic limits in the Pyroloideae (Ericaceae). Canad. J. Bot. 52:877-883.
secunda (Linnaeus) House [Freeman 2009; M&H; W&S]
sidebells
Pyrola secunda Linnaeus
Ramischia secunda (Linnaeus) Garcke

272
Pterospora pinedrops
Freeman, C.C. 2009. Pterospora, p. 389. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
andromedea Nuttall [Freeman 2009; M&H; W&S]
woodland pinedrops
Pyrola wintergreen
Freeman, C.C. 2009. Pyrola, p. 378-384. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
Haber, E. 1987. Variability, distribution, and systematics of Pyrola picta s.l. (Ericaceae) in western North America.
Syst. Bot. 12(2):324-335.
Hartman, R.L. 1973. New plant records for New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 18(2):241-242. [Pyrola minor]
asarifolia Michaux subsp. asarifolia [Freeman 2009; M&H; W&S]
pink wintergreen
chlorantha Swartz [Freeman 2009; M&H; W&S]
green-flower wintergreen
Pyrola virens Schweigger
elliptica Nuttall [Freeman 2009; M&H; W&S]
shinleaf
minor Linnaeus [Freeman 2009; Hartman 1973; M&H]
snowline wintergreen
Erxlebenia minor (Linnaeus) Rydberg
picta J.E. Smith [Freeman 2009; M&H; W&S]
white-vein wintergreen
secunda Linnaeus = Orthilia secunda (Linnaeus) House
uniflora Linnaeus = Moneses uniflora (Linnaeus) Gray
virens Schweigger = Pyrola chlorantha Swartz
Ramischia secunda (Linnaeus) Garcke = Orthilia secunda (Linnaeus) House
Vaccinium blueberry
Vander Kloet, S.P. 2009. Vaccinium, p. 515-530. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
Vander Kloet, S.P. & T.A. Dickinson. 1999. The taxonomy of Vaccinium section Myrtillus. Brittonia 51(2):231-254.
album Linnaeus = Symphoricarpos albus (Linnaeus) S.F. Blake [Caprifoliaceae]
cespitosum Michaux [M&H; Vander Kloet 2009]
dwarf blueberry
humifusum Graham = Gaultheria humifusa (Graham) Rydberg
myrtillus Linnaeus [M&H; Vander Kloet 2009; W&S]
whortle-berry
Vaccinium oreophilum Rydberg
oreophilum Rydberg = Vaccinium myrtillus
scoparium Leiberg ex Coville [M&H; Vander Kloet 2009; W&S]
grouseberry

Family EUPHORBIACEAE
[Phyllanthaceae]
Steinmann, V.W. & R.S. Felger. 1997. The Euphorbiaceae of Sonora, Mexico. Aliso 16:1-71.
Webster, G.L. 1994. Synopsis of the genera and suprageneric taxa of Euphorbiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 81:33-
144.
Acalypha copperleaf
amblyodonta Müller Argoviensis = Tragia amblyodonta (Müller Argoviensis) Pax & K. Hoffmann
lindheimeri Müller Argoviensis [M&H; W&S]
Lindheimer’s copperleaf
neomexicana Müller Argoviensis [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico copperleaf
ostryifolia Riddell [M&H]
three-seed mercury
Anisophyllum albomarginatum (Torrey & Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke = Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torrey
& Gray) Small
Aphora humilis Engelmann & Gray = Ditaxis humilis (Engelmann & Gray) Pax forma humilis
laevis Gray ex Torrey = Ditaxis humilis (Engelmann & Gray) forma laevis (Gray ex Torrey) B.L.
Turner
mercurialina Nuttall = Ditaxis mercurialina (Nuttall) Coulter

273
Argythamnia cyanophylla (Wooton & Standley) Ingram = Ditaxis cyanophylla Wooton & Standley
humilis (Engelmann & Gray) Müller Argoviensis = Ditaxis humilis (Engelmann & Gray) Pax forma
humilis
laevis (Torrey) Müller Argoviensis = Ditaxis humilis (Engelmann & Gray) forma laevis (Gray ex
Torrey) B.L. Turner
mercurialina (Nuttall) Müller Argoviensis = Ditaxis mercurialina (Nuttall) Coulter
neomexicana Müller Argoviensis = Ditaxis neomexicana (Müller Argoviensis) Heller
Bernardia bernardia
Allred, K.W. 2002. Bernardia (Euphorbiaceae) in New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 24:5.
myricifolia (Scheele) Bentham & Hooker : Reported by M&H and W&S, but not known from NM;
our material is referred to Bernardia obovata I.M. Johnston [Allred 2002].
Tyria myricifolia Scheele
myricifolia of NM authors, non (Scheele) Bentham & Hooker = Bernardia obovata I.M. Johnston
obovata I.M. Johnston [Allred 2002; M&H; W&S]
desert bernardia
Bernardia myricifolia of NM authors, non (Scheele) Bentham & Hooker
Chamaesyce spurge
Allred, K.W. 2002. Plant distribution reports [Chamaesyce hirta]. The New Mexico Botanist 24:7.
Allred, K.W. & J. Travis Columbus. 1989. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Phytologia 67(5):361-365.
[Chamaesyce abramsiana]
Jercinovic, E. 2007. Chamaesyce villifera in New Mexico? The New Mexico Botanist 37:7.
Jercinovic, E. 2007. The status of the genus Chamaesyce in New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 40:1-14.
Johnston, M.C. 1975. Studies of the Euphorbia species of the Chihuahuan Desert region and adjacent areas. Wrightia
5:120-143.
Mayfield, M.H. 1993. New combinations in Chamaesyce A. Gray (Euphorbiaceae) from Texas and the Chihuahuan
Desert. Phytologia 75(2):178-183.
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, & R. Peterson. 1994. Additions to the native and adventive flora of New Mexico. Phytologia
76(6):473-479. [Chamaesyce carunculata]
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Chamaesyce geyeri wheeleriana]
Webster, G.L. 1994. Synopsis of the genera and suprageneric taxa of Euphorbiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 81:33-
144.
Wheeler, L.C. 1941. Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce in Canada and the United States exclusive of southern Florida.
Rhodora 43:97-154, 168-205, 223-286.
Worthington, R.D. 2007. Plant distribution reports [Chamaesyce theriaca]. The New Mexico Botanist 39:7.
abramsiana (L.C. Wheeler) Koutnik [Allred & Columbus 1989; Jercinovic 2007]
Abrams spurge
Euphorbia abramsiana L.C. Wheeler
acuta (Engelmann) Millspaugh [Jercinovic 2007; M&H]
pointed spurge
Euphorbia acuta Engelmann
Euphorbia georgei Oudejans
albomarginata (Torrey & Gray) Small [Jercinovic 2007; M&H; W&S]
rattleweed spurge
Anisophyllum albomarginatum (Torrey & Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke
Euphorbia albomarginata Torrey & Gray
arizonica (Engelmann) Arthur [Jercinovic 2007; M&H]
Arizona spurge
Euphorbia arizonica Engelmann
Euphorbia versicolor Greene
brasiliensis (Lamarck) Small = Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (Linnaeus) Small
capitellata (Engelmann) Millspaugh [Jercinovic 2007; M&H]
head spurge
Euphorbia capitellata Engelmann
carunculata (Waterfall) Shinners [Sivinski et al. 1994]
sand-dune spurge
Euphorbia carunculata Waterfall
chaetocalyx (Boissier) Wooton & Standley = Chamaesyce fendleri Torrey & Gray var. chaetocalyx
Boissier
dioica (Kunth) Millspaugh [Jercinovic 2007; M&H; W&S]

274
 royal spurge
Chamaesyce indivisa (Engelmann) Millspaugh
Euphorbia dioica Kunth
Euphorbia dioica Kunth var. indivisa Engelmann
Euphorbia indivisa (Engelmann) Tidestrom
fendleri (Torrey & Gray) Small var. chaetocalyx (Boissier) Shinners [Jercinovic 2007; M&H;
W&S]
Fendler’s spurge
Chamaesyce chaetocalyx (Boissier) Wooton & Standley
Chamaesyce fendleri Torrey & Gray var. chaetocalyx Boissier
fendleri (Torrey & Gray) Small var. fendleri [Jercinovic 2007; M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s spurge
Euphorbia fendleri Torrey & Gray
fendleri Torrey & Gray var. chaetocalyx Boissier = Chamaesyce chaetocalyx (Boissier) Wooton &
Standley
flagelliformis (Engelmann) Rydberg = Chamaesyce parryi (Engelmann) Rydberg
geyeri (Engelmann) Small [Jercinovic 2007; M&H; W&S]
Geyer’s spurge
Chamaesyce geyeri (Engelmann) Small var. wheeleriana (Warnock & M.C. Johnston)
Mayfield
Euphorbia geyeri Engelmann
Euphorbia geyeri Engelmann var. wheeleriana Warnock & M.C. Johnston
geyeri (Engelmann) Small var. wheeleriana (Warnock & M.C. Johnston) Mayfield = Chamaesyce
geyeri (Engelmann) Small
glyptosperma (Engelmann) Small [Jercinovic 2007; M&H; W&S]
rib-seed spurge
Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelmann
hirta (Linnaeus) Millspaugh [Allred 2002; Jercinovic 2007]
pill-pod spurge
Euphorbia hirta Linnaeus
hypericifolia (Linnaeus) Millspaugh : Reported for NM by Kartesz (1999), citing Krochmal (1952);
apparently a lapsus calami, as a search of that paper failed to find a reference to this
species.
hyssopifolia (Linnaeus) Small [Jercinovic 2007; M&H]
hyssop-leaf spurge
Chamaesyce brasiliensis (Lamarck) Small
Euphorbia hyssopifolia Linnaeus
indivisa (Engelmann) Millspaugh = Chamaesyce dioica (Kunth) Millspaugh
lata (Engelmann) Small [Jercinovic 2007; M&H; W&S]
hoary spurge
Euphorbia dilatata Torrey & Gray, not Hochstetter ex A. Richard
Euphorbia lata Engelmann
Euphorbia rinconis M. E. Jones
maculata (Linnaeus) Small [Jercinovic 2007; M&H]
spotted spurge
Euphorbia maculata Linnaeus
Euphorbia supina Rafinesque
micromera (Boissier ex Engelmann) Wooton & Standley [Jercinovic 2007; M&H; W&S]
desert spurge
Euphorbia micromera Boissier ex Engelmann
missurica (Rafinesque) Shinners [Jercinovic 2007; M&H; W&S]
prairie spurge
Chamaesyce petaloidea (Engelmann) Small
Euphorbia missurica Rafinesque
Euphorbia missurica Rafinesque var. intermedia (Engelmann) L.C. Wheeler
Euphorbia petaloidea Engelmann
neomexicana (Greene) Standley = Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Persoon) Small
nutans (Lagasca) Small [Jercinovic 2007; W&S]

275
 eyebane
Euphorbia nutans Lagasca
Euphorbia preslii Gussone
parryi (Engelmann) Rydberg [Jercinovic 2007; M&H; W&S]
Parry’s spurge
Chamaesyce flagelliformis (Engelmann) Rydberg
Euphorbia parryi Engelmann
petaloidea (Engelmann) Small = Chamaesyce missurica (Rafinesque) Shinners
prostrata (Aiton) Small [Jercinovic 2007; M&H]
prostrate spurge
Euphorbia prostrata Aiton
revoluta (Engelmann) Small [Jercinovic 2007; M&H; W&S]
curl-leaf spurge
Euphorbia revoluta Engelmann
rugulosa (Engelmann) Rydberg = Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Persoon) Small
serpens (Kunth) Small [Jercinovic 2007; M&H; W&S]
matted spurge
Euphorbia serpens Kunth
serpyllifolia (Persoon) Small [Jercinovic 2007; M&H; W&S]
thyme-leaf spurge
Chamaesyce neomexicana (Greene) Standley
Chamaesyce rugulosa (Engelmann) Rydberg
Euphorbia neomexicana Greene
Euphorbia serpyllifolia Persoon
Euphorbia serpyllifolia Persoon var. rugulosa Engelmann
serrula (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley [Jercinovic 2007; M&H; W&S]
saw-tooth spurge
Euphorbia serrula Engelmann
setiloba (Engelmann ex Torrey) Millspaugh ex Parish [Jercinovic 2007; M&H]
shaggy spurge
Euphorbia setiloba Engelmann ex Torrey
stictospora (Engelmann) Small [Jercinovic 2007; M&H; W&S]
pitted-seed spurge
Euphorbia stictospora Engelmann
theriaca (L.C. Wheeler) Shinners var. spurca (M.C. Johnston) M.H. Mayfield [Jercinovic
2007; Worthington 2007]
Terlingua spurge
Euphorbia theriaca L.C. Wheeler var. spurca M.C. Johnston
vermiculata (Rafinesque) House [Jercinovic 2007; M&H]
worm-seed spurge
Euphorbia vermiculata Rafinesque
villifera (Scheele) Small : Reported by M&H, but no validating specimens have been located
[Jercinovic 2007].
Euphorbia villifera Scheele
Croton croton
Alexander, P. 2006. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 36:7. [Croton monanthogynus]
Van Ee, B., P.E. Berry, & S. Ginzbarg. 2009. An assessment of the varieties of Croton glandulosus (Euphorbiaceae)
in the United States. Harvard Papers in Botany 14(1):45-59.
Webster, G.L. 1992. Realignments in American Croton (Euphorbiaceae). Novon 2: 269-273.
Webster, G.L. 1993. A provisional synopsis of the sections of the genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 42:793-823.
Webster, G.L., M.J. Del-Arco-Aguilar, & B.A. Smith. 1996. Systematic distribution of foliar trichome type in Croton
(Euphorbiaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 121:41-57.
corymbulosus Engelmann = Croton pottsii (Klotzsch) Müller Argoviensis
dioicus Cavanilles [M&H; W&S]
grassland croton
Croton neomexicanus Müller Argoviensis
eremophilus Wooton & Standley = Croton pottsii (Klotzsch) Müller Argoviensis
fruticulosus Engelmann ex Torrey [M&H; W&S]

276
 bush croton
glandulosus Linnaeus var. lindheimeri Müller Argoviensis [M&H] Note: Van Ee et al. (2009)
report this variety from farther east in Mexico, Texas, and Kansas; our plants may warrant
verification.
glandular croton
lindheimerianus Scheele [M&H]
Lindheimer’s croton
luteovirens Wooton & Standley = Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Müller Argoviensis
monanthogynus Michaux [Alexander 2006]
prairie-tea
neomexicanus Müller Argoviensis = Croton dioicus Cavanilles
pottsii (Klotzsch) Müller Argoviensis [M&H; W&S]
leatherweed
Croton corymbulosus Engelmann
Croton eremophilus Wooton & Standley
Lasiogyne pottsii Klotzsch
tenuis S. Watson : Reported by W&S, but not occurring in NM [M&H].
texensis (Klotzsch) Müller Argoviensis [M&H; W&S]
Texas croton
Croton luteovirens Wooton & Standley
Hendecandra texensis Klotzsch
Dichrophyllum marginatum (Pursh) Klotzsh & Garcke = Euphorbia marginata Pursh
Ditaxis silverbush
Turner, B.L. 2001. Biological status of Argythamnia laevis (Euphorbiaceae). Sida 19(3):621-622.
Webster, G.L. 1994. Synopsis of the genera and suprageneric taxa of Euphorbiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 81:33-
144.
cyanophylla Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
silverbush
Argythamia cyanophylla (Wooton & Standley) Ingram
humilis (Engelmann & Gray) Pax forma humilis [M&H; W&S]
Aphora humilis Engelmann & Gray
Argythamia humilis (Engelmann & Gray) Müller Argoviensis
humilis (Engelmann & Gray) Pax forma laevis (Gray ex Torrey) B.L. Turner [M&H]
low silverbush
Aphora laevis Gray ex Torrey
Argythamia laevis (Gray ex Torrey) Müller Argoviensis
Ditaxis laevis (Gray ex Torrey ) Heller
laevis (Gray ex Torrey ) Heller = Ditaxis humilis (Engelmann & Gray) forma laevis (Gray ex
Torrey) B.L. Turner
mercurialina (Nuttall) Coulter [M&H; W&S]
tall silverbush
Aphora mercurialina Nuttall
Argythamia mercurialina (Nuttall) Müller Argoviensis
neomexicana (Müller Argoviensis) Heller [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico silverbush
Argythamia neomexicana Müller Argoviensis
Euphorbia spurge
Allred, K.W. 1996. New plant distribution records The New Mexico Botanist 4:6. [Euphorbia peplus]
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Euphorbia odontadenia]
Allred, K.W. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 19:3. [Euphorbia cyathophora]
Cox, G.W. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 20:8. [Euphorbia myrsinites]
Cronquist, A., N.H. Holmgren, & P.K. Holmgren. 1997. Euphorbia, pp.268-276. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 3A.
New York Botanical Garden.
Hartman, R.L. 1973. New plant records for New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 18(2):241-242. [Euphorbia esula]
Hershey, A.L. & P.J. Leyendecker, Jr. 1944. Notes on plants of New Mexico III. Leafl. West. Bot. 4(2):21-25.
[Euphorbia antisyphilitica]
Jercinovic, G. 2005. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 34:7. [Euphorbia lathyris]
Johnston, M.C. 1975. Studies of the Euphorbia species of the Chihuahuan Desert region and adjacent areas. Wrightia
5:120-143.
Krochmal, A. 1952. Seeds of weedy Euphorbia species and their identification. Weeds 1:243-255. [Euphorbia esula]

277
Oudejans, R. 1989. New names and new combinations in the genus Euphorbia Linnaeus (Euphorbiaceae). Phytologia
67(1):43-49.
Park, K. 1998. Monograph of Euphorbia sect. Tithymalopsis (Euphorbiaceae). Edinb. J. Bot. 55:161-208.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Euphorbia eriantha]
Subils, R. 1984. Una nueva especie de Euphorbia sect. Poinsettia (Euphorbiaceae). Kurtziana 17:125-130.
[Euphorbia davidii]
Tidestrom, I. & T. Kittell. 1941. A Flora of Arizona and New Mexico. The Catholic University of America Press,
Washington, D.C. 897 pp. [Euphorbia crenulata]
Webster, G.L. 1994. Synopsis of the genera and suprageneric taxa of Euphorbiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 81:33-
144.
abramsiana L.C. Wheeler = Chamaesyce abramsiana (L.C. Wheeler) Koutnik
acuta Engelmann = Chamaesyce acuta (Engelmann) Millspaugh
albomarginata Torrey & Gray = Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torrey & Gray) Small
alta Norton [M&H; W&S]
tall spurge
Tithymalus altus (Norton) Wooton & Standley
antisyphilitica Zuccarini [Hershey & Leyendecker 1944; M&H]
candelilla
arizonica Engelmann = Chamaesyce arizonica (Engelmann) Arthur
arkansana Engelmann & Gray = Euphorbia spathulata Lamarck
arkansana Engelmann & Gray var. atrosemina Norton = Euphorbia spathulata Lamarck
bicolor Engelmann & Gray : Reported questionably by Kartesz (1999) without documentation;
awaits verification.
bifurcata Engelmann [M&H; Oudejans 1989; W&S]
Wooton’s spurge
Euphorbia delicatula auctores non Boissier & Millspaugh
Euphorbia wootonii Oudejans
Zygophyllidium delicatulum Wooton & Standley
bilobata Engelmann [M&H; W&S]
black-seed spurge
Zygophyllidium bilobatum (Engelmann) Standley
brachycera Engelmann [M&H; W&S]
horned spurge
Euphorbia lurida Engelmann
Euphorbia montana Engelmann
Euphorbia montana Engelmann var. robusta Engelmann
Euphorbia odontadenia Boissier
Euphorbia philora (Cockerell) Tidestrom
Euphorbia robusta (Engelmann) Small ex Britton
Tithymalus brachycerus (Engelmann) Small
Tithymalus luridus (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley
Tithymalus mexicanus (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley
Tithymalus montanus (Engelmann) Small
Tithymalus robustus (Engelmann) Small
capitellata Engelmann = Chamaesyce capitellata (Engelmann) Millspaugh
carunculata Waterfall = Chamaesyce carunculata (Waterfall) Shinners
chamaesula Boissier [M&H; W&S]
mountain spurge
Tithymalus chamaesula (Boissier) Wooton & Standley
crenulata Engelmann [Tidestrom & Kittell 1941]
Chinese caps
cuphosperma (Engelmann) Boissier [M&H; W&S]
hairy-fruit spurge
Euphorbia dentata Michaux var. cuphosperma Engelmann
Euphorbia dentata Michaux forma cuphosperma (Engelmann) Fernald
Poinsettia cuphosperma (Engelmann) Small
cyathophora Murray [Allred 2001]
fire-on-the-mountain

278
davidii Subils [M&H; W&S]
David Anderson’s poinsettia
Euphorbia dentata of numerous authors
delicatula (Wooton & Standley) Boissier = Euphorbia bifurcata Engelmann
dentata Michaux : Although E. davidii seems to be the predominent species of the dentata/davidii
complex in NM, Cronquist et al. (1997) suggest that E. dentata Michaux could be
found in NM as well; awaits verification.
Poinsettia dentata (Michaux) Klotzsch & Garcke
dentata Michaux forma cuphosperma (Engelmann) Fernald = Euphorbia cuphosperma (Engelmann)
Boissier
dentata Michaux var. cuphosperma Engelmann = Euphorbia cuphosperma (Engelmann) Boissier
dictyosperma Fischer & Meyer = Euphorbia spathulata Linnaeus
dictyosperma Fischer & Meyer var. mexicana Engelmann = Euphorbia spathulata Linnaeus
dilatata Torrey & Gray, not Hochstetter ex A. Richard = Chamaesyce lata (Engelmann) Small
dioica Kunth = Chamaesyce dioica (Kunth) Millspaugh
dioica Kunth var. indivisa Engelmann = Chamaesyce dioica (Kunth) Millspaugh
eriantha Bentham [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
beetle spurge
Poinsettia eriantha (Bentham) Rose & Standley
*esula Linnaeus [Hartman 1973; Krochmal 1952; M&H]
leafy spurge, wolf’s milk
Euphorbia esula Linnaeus subsp. ×pseudovirgata (Schur) Govaerts
Euphorbia esula Linnaeus var. uralensis (Fischer ex Link) Dorn
Euphorbia ×pseudovirgata (Schur) Soó
Euphorbia uralensis Fischer ex Link
Tithymalus esula (Linnaeus) Scopoli
esula Linnaeus subsp. ×pseudovirgata (Schur) Govaerts = Euphorbia esula Linnaeus
esula Linnaeus var. uralensis (Fischer ex Link) Dorn = Euphorbia esula Linnaeus
exstipulata Engelmann [M&H; W&S]
square-seed spurge
Zygophyllidium exstipulatum (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley
fendleri Torrey & Gray var. chaetocalyx Boissier = Chamaesyce chaetocalyx (Boissier) Wooton &
Standley
fendleri Torrey & Gray var. fendleri = Chamaesyce fendleri (Torrey & Gray) Small
georgei Oudejans = Chamaesyce acuta (Engelmann) Millspaugh
geyeri Engelmann = Chamaesyce geyeri (Engelmann) Small
geyeri Engelmann var. wheeleriana Warnock & M.C. Johnston = Chamaesyce geyeri (Engelmann)
Small
glyptosperma Engelmann = Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelmann) Small
heterophylla Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
Mexican fireplant
Poinsettia havanensis (Willdenow) Small
Poinsettia heterophylla (Linnaeus) Klotzsch & Garcke
hexagona Nuttall ex Sprengel [M&H]
six-angle spurge
Zygophyllidium hexagonum (Nuttall ex Sprengel) Small
hirta Linnaeus = Chamaesyce hirta (Linnaeus) Millspaugh
hyssopifolia Linnaeus = Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (Linnaeus) Small
indivisa (Engelmann) Tidestrom = Chamaesyce dioica (Kunth) Millspaugh
lata Engelmann = Chamaesyce lata (Engelmann) Small
lathyris Linnaeus [Jercinovic 2005]
moleplant
lurida Engelmann = Euphorbia brachycera Engelmann
maculata Linnaeus = Chamaesyce maculata (Linnaeus) Small
marginata Pursh [M&H; W&S]
snow-on-the-mountain
Dichrophyllum marginatum (Pursh) Klotzsch & Garcke
Lepadenia marginata (Pursh) Nieuwland

279
 mexicana (Engelmann) Norton = Euphorbia spathulata Linnaeus
micromera Boissier = Chamaesyce micromera (Boissier ex Engelmann) Wooton & Standley
missurica Rafinesque = Chamaesyce missurica (Rafinesque) Shinners
missurica Rafinesque var. intermedia (Engelmann) L.C. Wheeler = Chamaesyce missurica
(Rafinesque) Shinners
montana Engelmann = Euphorbia brachycera Engelmann
montana Engelmann var. robusta Engelmann = Euphorbia brachycera Engelmann
*myrsinites Linnaeus [Cox 2001]
myrtle spurge
multicaulis Engelmann = Euphorbia spathulata Linnaeus
neomexicana Greene = Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Persoon) Small
nutans Lagasca = Chamaesyce nutans (Lagasca) Small
odontadenia Boissier = Euphorbia brachycera Engelmann
parryi Engelmann = Chamaesyce parryi (Engelmann) Rydberg
*peplus Linnaeus [Allred 1996]
petty spurge
Tithymalus peplus (Linnaeus) Gaertner
petaloidea Engelmann = Chamaesyce missurica (Rafinesque) Shinners
philora (Cockerell) Tidestrom = Euphorbia brachycera Engelmann
preslii Gussone = Chamaesyce nutans (Lagasca) Small
prostrata Aiton = Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small
×pseudovirgata (Schur) Soó = Euphorbia esula Linnaeus
radians Bentham : Reported without documentation by Kartesz (1999); awaits verification.
revoluta Engelmann = Chamaesyce revoluta (Engelmann) Small
rinconis M. E. Jones = Chamaesyce lata (Engelmann) Small
robusta (Engelmann) Small ex Britton = Euphorbia brachycera Engelmann
serpens Kunth = Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small
serpyllifolia Persoon = Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Persoon) Small
serpyllifolia Persoon var. rugulosa Engelmann = Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Persoon) Small
serrula Engelmann = Chamaesyce serrula (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley
setiloba Engelmann ex Torrey = Chamaesyce setiloba (Engelmann ex Torrey) Millspaugh
spathulata Lamarck [M&H; W&S]
warty spurge
Euphorbia arkansana Engelmann & Gray
Euphorbia arkansana Engelmann & Gray var. atrosemina Norton
Euphorbia dictyosperma Fischer & Meyer
Euphorbia dictyosperma Fischer & Meyer var. mexicana Engelmann
Euphorbia mexicana (Engelmann) Norton
Euphorbia multicaulis Engelmann
Tithymalus missouriensis (Norton) Small
stictospora Engelmann = Chamaesyce stictospora (Engelm) Small
strictior Holzinger [M&H; W&S]
panhandle spurge
Tithymalopsis strictior (Holzinger) Wooton & Standley
supina Rafinesque = Chamaesyce maculata (Linnaeus) Small
theriaca L.C. Wheeler var. spurca M.C. Johnston = Chamaesyce theriaca (L.C. Wheeler) Shinner
var. spurca (M.C. Johnston) Mayfield
uralensis Fischer ex Link = Euphorbia esula Linnaeus
vermiculata Rafinesque = Chamaesyce vermiculata (Rafinesque) House
versicolor Greene = Chamaesyce arizonica (Engelmann) Arthur
villifera Scheele = Chamaesyce villifera (Scheele) Small
wootonii Oudejans = Euphorbia bifurcata Engelmann
Hendecandra texensis Klotzsch = Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Müller Argoviensis
Jatropha nettle-spurge
Johnson, M.B. 1998. Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in southwestern United States and adjacent northern Mexico. Desert
Plants 14(2):21-28.
macrorhiza Bentham [M&H; W&S]
ragged nettle-spurge
Lasiogyne pottsii Klotzsch = Croton pottsii (Klotzsch) Müller Argoviensis

280
Lepadenia marginata (Pursh) Nieuwland = Euphorbia marginata Pursh
Phyllanthus leaf-flower
Urbatsch, L.E., J.D. Bacon, R.L. Hartman, M.C. Johnston, T.J. Watson, Jr., & G.L. Webster. 1975. Chromosome
numbers for North American Euphorbiaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 62:494-500. [Phyllanthus abnormis]
Webster, G.L. 1970. a revision of Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) in the continental United States. Brittonia 22:44-76.
abnormis Baillon var. abnormis [Urbatsch et al. 1975]
Drummond’s leaf-flower
Phyllanthus drummondii Small
drummondii Small = Phyllanthus abnormis Baillon var. abnormis
polygonoides Nuttall ex Sprengel [M&H; W&S]
smartweed leaf-flower
Poinsettia cuphosperma (Engelmann) Small = Euphorbia cuphosperma (Engelmann) Boissier
dentata auctores = Euphorbia davidii Subils
eriantha (Bentham) Rose & Standley = Euphorbia eriantha Bentham
havanensis (Willdenow) Small = Euphorbia heterophylla Linnaeus
heterophylla (Linnaeus) Klotzsch & Garcke = Euphorbia heterophylla Linnaeus
Reverchonia sandy-mat
Webster, G.L. & K.I. Miller. 1963. The genus Reverchonia (Euphorbiaceae). Rhodora 65:193-207.
arenaria Gray [M&H; W&S]
sandy-mat
Sapium sylvaticum var. linearifolium Torrey = Stillingia texana I.M. Johnston
Stillingia tooth-leaf
linearifolia (Torrey) Small = Stillingia texana I.M. Johnston
salicifolia (Torrey) Small = Stillingia sylvatica Garden ex Linnaeus var. salicifolia Torrey
smallii Wooton & Standley = Stillingia sylvatica Linnaeus var. salicifolia Torrey
sylvatica Linnaeus var. linearifolia (Torrey) Müller Argoviensis = Stillingia texana I.M. Johnston
sylvatica Garden ex Linnaeus var. salicifolia Torrey [M&H; W&S]
queen’s-delight
Stillingia salicifolia (Torrey) Small
Stillingia smallii Wooton & Standley
texana I.M. Johnston [M&H; W&S]
Texas tooth-leaf
Sapium sylvaticum var. linearifolium Torrey
Stillingia linearifolia (Torrey) Small
Stillingia sylvatica Linnaeus var. linearifolia (Torrey) Müller Argoviensis
Tithymalopsis strictior (Holzinger) Wooton & Standley = Euphorbia strictior Holzinger
Tithymalus altus (Norton) Wooton & Standley = Euphorbia alta Norton
chamaesula (Boissier) Wooton & Standley = Euphorbia chamaesula Boissier
esula (Linnaeus) Scopoli = Euphorbia esula Linnaeus
luridus (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley = Euphorbia brachycera Engelmann
mexicanus (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley = Euphorbia spathulata Lamarck
missouriensis (Norton) Small = Euphorbia spathulata Lamarck
montanus (Engelmann) Small = Euphorbia brachycera Engelmann
peplus (Linnaeus) Gaertner = Euphorbia peplus Linnaeus
robustus (Engelmann) Small = Euphorbia brachycera Engelmann
Tragia noseburn
Miller, K.I. & G.L. Webster. 1967. A preliminary revision of Tragia (Euphorbiaceae) in the United States. Rhodora
69:241-305.
amblyodonta (Müller Argoviensis) Pax & K. Hoffmann [M&H; Miller & Webster 1967]
dog-tooth noseburn
Acalypha amblyodonta Müller Argoviensis
nepetifolia Cavanilles [M&H; W&S]
catnip noseburn
nepetifolia Cavanilles var. ramosa (Torrey) Müller Argoviensis = Tragia ramosa Torrey
ramosa Torrey [M&H; Miller & Webster 1967; W&S]
branched noseburn
Tragia nepetifolia Cavanilles var. ramosa (Torrey) Müller Argoviensis
Tragia stylaris Müller Argoviensis

281
 stylaris Müller Argoviensis = Tragia ramosa Torrey
Tyria myricifolia Scheele = Bernardia myricifolia (Scheele) Bentham & Hooker
Zygophyllidium exstipulatum (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley = Euphorbia exstipulata Engelmann
bilobatum (Engelmann) Standley = Euphorbia bilobata Engelmann
delicatulum Wooton & Standley = Euphorbia bifurcata Engelmann
hexagonum (Nuttall ex Sprengel) Small = Euphorbia hexagona Nuttall ex Sprengel

Family FABACEAE (LEGUMINOSAE)

[Caesalpiniaceae, Cassiaceae, Mimosaceae]
Barneby, R.C. 1989. Fabales. IN: Intermountain Flora, Vol. 3. New York Botanical Garden.
Barneby, R.C. 1991. Sensitivae Censitae. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 65:1-835.
Ballenger, J.A., E. Dickson, M. Meyer, & J.J. Doyle. 1993. DNA sequence data and the phylogeny of the
Leguminosae. Amer. J. Bot. 80:130-131.
Isely, D. 1973. Leguminosae of the United States:I. Subfamily Mimosoideae. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 25(1).
Isely, D. 1975. Leguminosae of the United States:II. Subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 25(2):1-228.
Isely, D. 1981. Leguminosae of the United States:III. Subfamily Papilionoideae: Tribes Sophoreae, Podalyrieae,
Loteae. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 25(3):1-264.
Isely, D. 1998. Native and naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States. Monte L. Bean Life Science
Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. 1007 pp.
Isely, D. & R.M. Polhill. 1980. Leguminosae: Subfamily Papilionoideae. Taxon 29:105-119.
Polhill, R.M. & P.H. Raven, eds. 1981. Advances in legume systematics. Vols. 1, 2. Proc. Intern. Legume Conference,
Kew, England.
Stirton, C.H., ed. 1987. Advances in legume systematics, part 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. 466 pp.
Acacia
Seigler, D.S., J.E. Ebinger, & J.T. Miller. 2006. Mariosousa, a new segregate genus from Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae,
Mimosoideae) from Central and North America. Novon 16(3):413-420.
Seigler, D.S., J.E. Ebinger and J.T. Miller. 2006. The genus Senegalia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from the New
World. Phytologia 88:38-93.
Maslin, B. R., J. T. Miller and D. S. Seigler. 2003. Overview of the generic status of Acacia (Leguminoseae:
Mimosoideae). Australian Systematic Botany 16:1-18.
Rico-Arce, M. de L. & S. Bachman. 2006. A taxonomic revision of Acaciella (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Anales
del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 63(2):189-244.
angustissima (Miller) Kuntze var. chisosiana Isely = Acaciella angustissima (Miller) Britton & Rose
var. texensis (Torrey & Gray) L. Rico
angustissima (Miller) Kuntze var. hirta (Nuttall) B.L. Robinson = Acaciella angustissima (Miller)
Britton & Rose var. angustissima
angustissima (Miller) Kuntze var. suffrutescens (Rose) Isely = Acaciella angustissima (Miller)
Britton & Rose var. angustissima
angustissima (Miller) Kuntze var. texensis (Torrey & Gray) Isely = Acaciella angustissima (Miller)
Britton & Rose var. texensis (Torrey & Gray) L. Rico
constricta Bentham var. constricta = Vachellia constricta (Bentham) Seigler & Ebinger
constricta Bentham var. vernicosa (Standley) L. Benson = Vachellia vernicosa (Britton & Rose)
Seigler & Ebinger
constricta Bentham var. paucispina Wooton & Standley = Vachellia constricta (Bentham) Seigler &
Ebinger
cooleyi Eaton = Desmanthus cooleyi (Eaton) Trelease
cuspidata Schlechtendal = Acaciella angustissima (Miller) Britton & Rose var. texensis (Torrey &
Gray) L. Rico
farnesiana (Linnaeus) Willdenow : Reported for NM by Kartesz (1999) based on an erroneous
specimen at NMCR.
filicoides (Cavanilles) Trelease : Reported by W&S, but not occurring in NM [Isely 1969].
greggii Gray var. arizonica Isely = Senegalia greggii (Gray) Britton & Rose
greggii Gray var. greggii = Senegalia greggii (Gray) Britton & Rose
hirta Nuttall = Acaciella angustissima (Miller) Britton & Rose var. angustissima
millefolia S. Watson = Mariosousa millefolia (S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger
neovernicosa Isely = Vachellia vernicosa (Britton & Rose) Seigler & Ebinger
roemeriana Scheele = Senegalia roemeriana (Scheele) Britton & Rose
suffrutescens Rose = Acaciella angustissima (Miller) Britton & Rose var. angustissima
texensis (Torrey & Gray) = Acaciella angustissima (Miller) Britton & Rose var. texensis (Torrey &
Gray) L. Rico
vernicosa Standley, not Fitzgerald = Vachellia vernicosa (Britton & Rose) Seigler & Ebinger
Acaciella acacia
Heil, K.D. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 30:7. [Acacia angustissima hirta]

282
 Rico-Arce, M. de L. & S. Bachman. 2006. A taxonomic revision of Acaciella (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Anales
del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 63(2):189-244.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Acacia angustissima suffrutescens, Acacia millefolia]
Turner, B.L. 1996. Synoptical study of the Acacia angustissima (Mimosaceae) complex. Phytologia 81(1):10-16.
angustissima (Miller) Britton & Rose var. angustissima [Heil 2004; Spellenberg et al. 1986]
prairie acacia
Acacia angustissima (Miller) Kuntze var. hirta (Nuttall) B.L. Robinson
Acacia angustissima (Miller) Kuntze var. suffrutescens (Rose) Isely
Acacia hirta Nuttall
angustissima (Miller) Britton & Rose var. texensis (Torrey & Gray) L. Rico [M&H; Turner
1996; W&S]
prairie acacia
Acacia angustissima (Miller) Kuntze var. chisosiana Isely
Acacia angustissima (Miller) Kuntze var. texensis (Torrey & Gray) Isely
Acacia cuspidata Schlechtendal
Acacia texensis Torrey & Gray
Acaciopsis vernicosa Britton & Rose = Vachellia vernicosa (Britton & Rose) Seigler & Ebinger
Acmispon americanum (Nuttall) Rydberg = Lotus purshianus (Bentham) Clements & Clements
Acuan fallax Small = Desmanthus obtusus S. Watson
illinoense (Michaux) Kuntze = Desmanthus illinoensis (Michaux) MacMillan
jamesii (Torrey & Gray) Kuntze = Desmanthus cooleyi (Eaton) Trelease
obtusum (S. Watson) Heller = Desmanthus obtusus S. Watson
velutinum (Scheele) Kuntze = Desmanthus velutinus Scheele
Albizia silktree
Isely, D. 1973. Leguminosae of the United States:I. Subfamily Mimosoideae. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 25(1). [Albizia
julibrissin]
*julibrissin Durazzini [Isely 1973]
silktree
Alepidocalyx parvulus (Greene) Piper = Phaseolus parvulus Greene
Alhagi camel-thorn
camelorum Fischer = Alhagi maurorum Medikus
*maurorum Medikus [M&H]
camelthorn
Alhagi camelorum Fischer, nomen nudum
Alhagi pseudalhagi (Bierberstein) N. Desvaux ex B. Keller & Schaparenko
pseudalhagi (Bierberstein) N. Desvaux ex B. Keller & Schaparenko = Alhagi maurorum Medikus
Amorpha indigo-bush
Wilbur, R.L. 1975. A revision of the North American genus Amorpha (Leguminosae-Psoraleae). Rhodora
77(811):337-409.
arizonica Rydberg = Amorpha fruticosa Linnaeus
californica Nuttall : Reported by M&H and W&S, but not occurring in NM [Wilbur 1975].
canescens Pursh [M&H; W&S]
leadplant
fruticosa Linnaeus [M&H]
false indigo-bush
Amorpha arizonica Rydberg
Amorpha fruticosa Linnaeus var. angustifolia Pursh
Amorpha fruticosa Linnaeus var. occidentalis (Abrams) Kearney & Peebles
Amorpha occidentalis Abrams
fruticosa Linnaeus var. angustifolia Pursh = Amorpha fruticosa Linnaeus
fruticosa Linnaeus var. occidentalis (Abrams) Kearney & Peebles = Amorpha fruticosa Linnaeus
microphylla Pursh = Amorpha nana Nuttall
nana Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
fragrant indigo-bush
Amorpha microphylla Pursh
occidentalis Abrams = Amorpha fruticosa Linnaeus
ovalis M.E. Jones = Indigofera sphaerocarpa A. Gray
Anisolotus brachycarpus (Bentham) Rydberg = Lotus humistratus Greene

283
 mollis (Greene) Heller = Lotus greenei (Wooton & Standley) Ottley
neomexicanus (Greene) Heller = Lotus plebeius (Brandegee) Barneby
nummularius (M.E. Jones) Wooton & Standley = Lotus plebeius (Brandegee) Barneby
puberulus (Bentham) Wooton & Standley = Lotus plebeius (Brandegee) Barneby
rigidus (Bentham) Rydberg (=Lotus rigidus (Bentham) Greene) : Reported by W&S, but not
occurring in NM (Barneby 1989; M&H).
trispermus (Greene) Wooton & Standley = Lotus humistratus Greene
wrightii (Gray) Rydberg = Lotus wrightii (Gray) Greene
Aragallus articulatus Greene = Oxytropis lambertii Pursh var. articulata (Greene) Barneby
nothoxys (Gray) Heller = Astragalus nothoxys Gray
parryi (Gray) Greene = Oxytropis parryi Gray
pinetorum Heller = Oxytropis sericea Nuttall
pinetorum Heller var. vegana Cockerell = Oxytropis sericea Nuttall
splendens (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene = Oxytropis splendens Douglas ex Hooker
Astragalus milkvetch, locoweed
Allred, K.W. 1991. The biology of Astragalus allochrous: halfmoon locoweed (var. allochrous) and Wooton’s
locoweed (var. playanus). New Mex. St. Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Rep. 652.
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Astragalus crassicarpus]
Barneby, R.C. 1964. Atlas of North American Astragalus. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 13(2):1-1188.
Barneby, R.C. 1979. Dragma hippomanicum IV. New taxa of Astragalus sect. Humillimi. Brittonia 31(4):459-463.
Barneby, R.C. 1989. Fabales. IN: A. Cronquist, A.H. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, J.L. Reveal, & P.K. Holmgren.
Intermountain Flora, Vol. 3. New York Botanical Garden.
Barneby, R.C. & R. Spellenberg. 1987. A new species of Astragalus (Leguminosae) from northwestern New Mexico
and adjacent Arizona. Brittonia 39(2):188-191.
Barneby, R.C. & S.L. Welsh. 1996. Astragalus laxmannii Jacquin (Leguminosae) in North America. Great Basin
Naturalist 56(1):85-86.
Fox, W.E., K.W. Allred, & E.H. Roalson. 1998. A Guide to the Common Locoweeds and Milkvetches of New
Mexico. Circular 557, Agr. Exp. Sta. & Coop. Ext. Serv., New Mexico State University. 95 pp.
Heil, K.D. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 30:7. [Astragalus preussii, Astragalus flavus
higginsii]
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 39:7. [Astragalus flexuosus diehlii, Astragalus
missouriensis humistratus]
Heil, K. & S. O'Kane. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 41:7. [Astragalus miser]
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Astragalus calycosus calycosus]
Isely, D. 1983. New combinations and two new varieties in Astragalus, Orophaca, and Oxytropis (Leguminosae).
Syst. Bot. 8(4):420-426.
Isely, D. 1984. Astragalus L. (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) II: Species summary A-E. Iowa State J. Res. 59:99-209.
Knight, P.J. 1984. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 31:63. [Astragalus humillimus]
Kulshreshtha, S., R. Creamer, & T.M. Sterling. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships among New Mexico Astragalus
mollissimus varieties and Oxytropis species by restriction fragment analysis. Weed Sci. 52:984-988
Marley, G.A. & W.L. Wagner. 1981. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 28:41-43. [Astragalus
monumentalis]
Reif, B., J. Larson, B.R. Jacobs, B.E. Nelson, & R.L. Hartman. 2009. Floristic studies in north central New Mexico,
U.S.A., the Tusa Mountains and the Jemez Mountains. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3(2):921-961. [Astragalus
cerussatus]
Reveal, J.L., K.N. Gandhi, & D.H. Nicolson. 2004. The demise of the name Astragalus tenellus Pursh (Fabaceae).
Taxon 53(4):1055-1058.
Sivinski, R.C. 2005. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 32:7. [Astragalus nutriosensis]
Sivinski, R.C. 2005. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 33:7. [Astragalus eremiticus]
Welsh, S.L. 2005. Correction to an effectively but non-validly published species of Astragalus (Leguminosae) from
New Mexico. Rhodora 107(929):103-104. [Astragalus cliffordii]
Welsh, S. L. 2008. North American Species of Astragalus Linnaeus (Leguminosae). Stanley L. Welsh Herbarium,
Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT. 932 pp. [Astragalus zionis]
Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, S.Goodrich, & L.C. Higgins (eds.). 2003. A Utah Flora. 3rd ed, revised. Provo, Utah:
Brigham Young University Press. [Astragalus cliffordii, Astragalus heilii]
aboriginum Richardson var. glabriusculus (Hooker) Rydberg = Astragalus australis (Linnaeus)
Lamarck
accumbens Sheldon = Astragalus missouriensis Nuttall var. accumbens (Sheldon) Isely
adsurgens Pallas var. robustior Hooker = Astragalus laxmannii Jacquin var. robustior (Hooker)
Barneby & Welsh
agrestis Douglas ex G. Don [M&H; W&S]
cock’s-head
Astragalus goniatus Nuttall
albulus Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]

284
 Cibola milkvetch
Batidophaca albula (Wooton & Standley) Rydberg
allochrous Gray var. allochrous [M&H; W&S]
halfmoon milkvetch
Phaca allochroa (Gray) Rydberg
allochrous Gray var. playanus (M.E. Jones) Isely [M&H; W&S]
Wooton’s milkvetch
Astragalus playanus M.E. Jones
Astragalus triflorus sensu Gray var. playanus M.E. Jones
Astragalus wootonii Sheldon
Phaca wootonii (Sheldon) Rydberg
alpinus Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
alpine milkvetch
+altus Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
tall milkvetch
Atelophragma altum (Wooton & Standley) Rydberg
amphioxys Gray var. amphioxys [M&H; W&S]
Aladdin’s-slippers
Astragalus amphioxys Gray var. typicus Barneby
Astragalus crescenticarpus Sheldon
Xylophacos amphioxys (Gray) Rydberg
amphioxys Gray var. typicus Barneby = Astragalus amphioxys Gray var. amphioxys
amphioxys Gray var. vespertinus (Sheldon) M.E. Jones
Aladdin’s-slippers
Astragalus vespertinus Sheldon
Xylophacos vespertinus (Sheldon) Rydberg
arizonicus Gray : Reported by Kartesz (1999) without documentation; awaits verification.
australis (Linnaeus) Lamarck [M&H]
Indian milkvetch
Astragalus aboriginum Richardson var. glabriusculus (Hooker) Rydberg
Phaca australis Linnaeus
Phaca glabriuscula Hooker
austrinus (Small) Schulz = Astragalus nuttallianus A.P. de Candolle var. austrinus (Small) Barneby
bigelovii Gray = Astragalus mollissimus Torrey var. bigelovii (Gray) Barneby
bigelovii Gray var. matthewsii (S. Watson) M.E. Jones = Astragalus mollissimus Torrey var.
matthewsii (S. Watson) Barneby
bigelovii Gray var. mogollonicus (Greene) Barneby = Astragalus mollissimus Torrey var.
mogollonicus (Greene) Barneby
bigelovii Gray var. thompsoniae (S. Watson) M.E. Jones = Astragalus mollissimus Torrey var.
thompsoniae (S. Watson) Barneby
bisulcatus (Hooker) Gray var. bisulcatus [M&H; W&S]
two-groove milkvetch
Diholcos bisulcatus (Hooker) Rydberg
Phaca bisulcata Hooker
Tragacantha bisulcata (Hooker) Kuntze
bisulcatus (Hooker) Gray var. haydenianus (Gray) Barneby [M&H; W&S]
Hayden’s two-groove milkvetch
Astragalus haydenianus Gray ex Brand
Diholcos haydenianus (Gray) Rydberg
Tragacantha haydeniana (Gray) Kuntze
blakei Eggleston = Astragalus robbinsii (Oakes) Gray var. minor (Hooker) Barneby
bodinii Sheldon [M&H]
Bodin’s milkvetch
brandegei Porter [M&H; W&S]
Brandegee’s milkvetch
Atelophragma brandegei (Porter) Rydberg
Tragacantha brandegei (Porter) Kuntze

285
calycosus Torrey ex S. Watson var. calycosus [Heil et al. 2002]
Torrey’s milkvetch
calycosus Torrey ex S. Watson var. scaposus (Gray) M.E. Jones [M&H; W&S]
Torrey’s milkvetch
Astragalus scaposus Gray
Hamosa scaposa (Gray) Rydberg
canadensis Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
Canadian milkvetch
Astragalus oreophilus Rydberg
canovirens (Rydberg) Barneby = Astragalus coltonii M.E. Jones var. moabensis M.E. Jones
carnosus Pursh = Astragalus crassicarpus Nuttall var. crassicarpus
+castetteri Barneby [M&H]
Castetter’s milkvetch
ceramicus Sheldon var. ceramicus [M&H; W&S]
painted milkvetch
ceramicus Sheldon var. filifolius (Gray) F.J. Hermann [M&H]
painted milkvetch
Astragalus filifolius Gray
Astragalus longifolius (Pursh) Rydberg
cerussatus Sheldon [Reif et al. 2009]
powdery milkvetch
chuskanus Barneby & Spellenberg [Barneby & Spellenberg 1987]
San Juan milkvetch
cibarius Sheldon : Isely (1998) reports this species from NM, but his map and all other authors
indicate otherwise.
*cicer Linnaeus [Heil et al. 2002]
chickpea milkvetch
+cliffordii Welsh & Atwood [Welsh 2005; Welsh et al. 2003]
Clifford’s milkvetch
cobrensis Gray var. cobrensis [M&H; W&S]
copper-mine milkvetch
Atelophragma cobrense (Gray) Rydberg
Tragacantha cobrensis (Gray) Kuntze
cobrensis Gray var. maguirei Kearney [Isley 1984]
copper-mine milkvetch
coltonii M.E. Jones var. moabensis M.E. Jones [M&H; W&S]
Moab milkvetch
Astragalus canovirens (Rydberg) Barneby
Homalobus canovirens Rydberg
confertiflorus Gray = Astragalus flavus Nuttall var. flavus
cottamii Welsh = Astragalus monumentalis Barneby var. cottamii (Welsh) Isely
crassicarpus Nuttall var. cavus Barneby [M&H]
ground-plum
crassicarpus Nuttall var. crassicarpus [M&H; W&S]
ground-plum
Astragalus carnosus Pursh
Geoprumnon crassicarpum (Nuttall) Rydberg
crassicarpus Nuttall var. paysonii (Kelso) Barneby [Allred 1999]
ground-plum
Astragalus succulentus var. paysonii Kelso
crescenticarpus Sheldon = Astragalus amphioxys Gray var. amphioxys
curtilobus Tidestrom = Astragalus tephrodes Gray var. brachylobus (Gray) Barneby
+cyaneus Gray [M&H]
cyanic milkvetch
Astragalus jemensis A. Nelson
Astragalus shortianus Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. cyaneus (Gray) M.E. Jones

286
 Tragacantha cyanea (Gray) Kuntze
Xylophacos cyaneus (Gray) Rydberg
datilensis (Rydberg) Tidestrom = Astragalus humistratus Gray var. humistratus
desperatus Jones [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
rimrock milkvetch
diehlii M.E. Jones = Astragalus flexuosus (Hooker) Douglas ex G. Don var. diehlii (M.E. Jones)
Barneby
diphysus Gray = Astragalus lentiginosus Douglas ex Hooker var. albiflorus (A. Gray) Schoener
diphysus Gray var. albiflorus Gray = Astragalus lentiginosus Douglas ex Hooker var. albiflorus (A.
Gray) Schoener
diversifolius Gray : Reported by W&S, but not occurring in NM (Barneby 1964).
drummondii Douglas ex Hooker [M&H; W&S]
Drummond’s milkvetch
Tium drummondii (Douglas ex Hooker) Rydberg
earlei Greene ex Rydberg = Astragalus mollissimus Torrey var. earlei (Greene ex Rydberg)
Tidestrom
egglestonii (Rydberg) Kearney & Peebles [M&H]
Eggleston’s milkvetch
Tium egglestonii Rydberg
elatiocarpus Sheldon = Astragalus lotiflorus Hooker
ellisiae (Rydberg) C.L. Porter = Astragalus praelongus Sheldon var. ellisiae (Rydberg) Barneby
emoryanus (Rydberg) Cory [M&H]
red-stemmed peavine, Emory’s milkvetch
Hamosa emoryana Rydberg
episcopus S. Watson [Barneby 1989]
Bishop’s milkvetch
eremiticus Sheldon [Sivinski 2005]
fallax S. Watson [nom. illegit.] = Astragalus hallii Gray var. fallax Barneby
famelicus Sheldon = Astragalus hallii Gray var. fallax Barneby
+feensis M.E. Jones [M&H]
Santa Fe milkvetch
Astragalus sanctae-fidei Tidestrom
Hamosa feensis (M.E. Jones) Rydberg
fendleri (Gray) Gray = Astragalus flexuosus Douglas ex Hooker var. flexuosus
filifolius Gray = Astragalus ceramicus Sheldon var. filifolius (Gray) F.J. Hermann
flaviflorus (Kuntze) Sheldon = Astragalus flavus Nuttall var. flavus
flavus Nuttall var. candicans Gray = Astragalus flavus Nuttall var. flavus
flavus Nuttall var. flavus [M&H; W&S]
yellow milkvetch
Astragalus confertiflorus Gray
Astragalus confertiflorus Gray var. flaviflorus (Kuntze) M.E. Jones
Astragalus flaviflorus (Kuntze) Sheldon
Astragalus flavus Nuttall var. candicans Gray
Cnemidophacos confertiflorus (Gray) Rydberg
Cnemidophacos flavus (Nuttall) Rydberg
Tragacantha flaviflora Kuntze
flavus Nuttall var. higginsii Welsh [Heil 2004]
Higgins’s yellow milkvetch
flexuosus Douglas ex G. Don var. diehlii (M.E. Jones) Barneby [Heil 2007]
pliant milkvetch
Astragalus diehlii M.E. Jones
flexuosus Douglas ex G. Don var. flexuosus [M&H; W&S]
pliant milkvetch
Astragalus fendleri (Gray) Gray
Pisophaca flexuosa (Douglas) Rydberg
Pisophaca ratonensis Rydberg
Pisophaca sierrae-blancae Rydberg

287
flexuosus Douglas ex G. Don var. greenei (Gray) Barneby [M&H; W&S]
pliant milkvetch
Astragalus gracilentus (Gray) Gray var. greenei (Gray) Rydberg
Astragalus greenei Gray
fucatus Barneby [M&H]
Hopi milkvetch
gertrudis Greene = Astragalus puniceus Osterhout var. gertrudis (Greene) Barneby
giganteus S. Watson [M&H; W&S]
giant milkvetch
Astragalus giganteus (S. Watson) Sheldon var. yaquianus (S. Watson) M.E. Jones
Astragalus texanus Sheldon
Astragalus yaquianus S. Watson
giganteus (S. Watson) Sheldon var. yaquianus (S. Watson) M.E. Jones = Astragalus giganteus S.
Watson
gilensis Greene [M&H; W&S]
Gila milkvetch
Batidophaca gilensis (Greene) Rydberg
goniatus Nuttall = Astragalus agrestis Douglas ex G. Don
gracilentus (Gray) Gray var. greenei (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus flexuosus (Hooker) Douglas ex
G. Don var. greenei (Gray) Barneby
gracilentus (Gray) Gray var. hallii (Gray) M.E. Jones = Astragalus hallii Gray var. hallii
gracilentus (Gray) Gray var. exsertus M.E. Jones = Astragalus puniceus Osterhout var. puniceus
gracilis Nuttall [M&H]
slender milkvetch
Astragalus microlobus Gray
Astragalus microphacos Cory
Astragalus parviflorus (Pursh) MacMillan
greenei Gray = Astragalus flexuosus Douglas ex Hooker var. greenei (Gray) Barneby
gypsodes Barneby [M&H]
gypsum milkvetch
hallii Gray var. fallax Barneby [M&H]
Hall’s milkvetch
Astragalus fallax S. Watson [nom. illegit.]
Astragalus famelicus Sheldon
Pisophaca famelica (Sheldon) Rydberg
hallii Gray var. hallii [M&H]
Hall’s milkvetch
Astragalus gracilentus (Gray) Gray var. hallii (Gray) M.E. Jones
Homalobus hallii (Gray) Rydberg
Pisophaca hallii (Gray) Rydberg
Tragacantha hallii (Gray) Kuntze
+heilii Welsh & Atwood [Welsh et al. 2003]
Heil’s milkvetch
haydenianus Gray ex Brand = Astragalus bisulcatus (Hooker) Gray var. haydenianus (Gray)
Barneby
hosackiae Greene = Astragalus humistratus Gray var. hosackiae (Greene) M.E. Jones
humillimus Gray ex Brand [Knight 1984]
Mancos milkvetch
humistratus Gray var. crispulus Barneby [M&H]
ground-cover milkvetch
humistratus Gray var. hosackiae (Greene) M.E. Jones [M&H; W&S]
ground-cover milkvetch
Astragalus hosackiae Greene
Batidophaca hosackiae (Greene) Rydberg
humistratus Gray var. humistratus [M&H; W&S]
ground-cover milkvetch
Astragalus datilensis (Rydberg) Tidestrom

288
 Batidophaca humistrata (Gray) Rydberg
Pisophaca datilensis Rydberg
Tium humistratum (Gray) Rydberg
Tragacantha humistrata (Gray) Kuntze
humistratus Gray var. humivagans (Rydberg) Barneby [M&H]
ground-cover milkvetch
Batidophaca humivagans Rydberg
humistratus Gray var. sonorae (Gray) M.E. Jones [M&H; W&S]
ground-cover milkvetch
Astragalus sonorae Gray
Batidophaca sonorae (Gray) Rydberg
Batidophaca stipulacea Rydberg
Tragacantha sonorae (Gray) Kuntze
impensus (Sheldon) Wooton & Standley = Astragalus kentrophyta Gray var. elatus S. Watson
iodopetalus (Rydberg) Barneby [M&H]
violet milkvetch
Xylophacos iodopetalus Rydberg
jemensis A. Nelson = Astragalus cyaneus Gray
kentrophyta Gray var. elatus S. Watson [M&H; W&S]
spiny milkvetch
Astragalus impensus (Sheldon) Wooton & Standley
Astragalus tagetarius S. Watson var. elatus (S. Watson) Barneby
kentrophyta Gray var. implexus (Canby ex T. Porter & Coulter) Barneby = Astragalus kentrophyta
Gray var. tagetarius (S. Watson) Dorn
+kentrophyta Gray var. neomexicanus (Barneby) Barneby [M&H]
New Mexico spiny milkvetch
Astragalus tagetarius S. Watson var. neomexicanus Barneby
kentrophyta Gray var. tagetarius (S. Watson) Dorn [M&H]
spiny milkvetch
Astragalus tagetarius S. Watson var. tegetarius [autonym created by Astragalus
tagetarius S. Watson var. implexus Canby ex T. Porter & Coulter]
Astragalus tagetarius S. Watson var. implexus Canby ex T. Porter & Coulter
Astragalus kentrophyta Gray var. implexus (Canby ex T. Porter & Coulter) Barneby
+kerrii Knight & Cully [Knight & Cully 1991]
Kerr’s milkvetch
+knightii Barneby [Barneby 1983]
Knight’s milkvetch
laxmannii Jacquin var. robustior (Hooker) Barneby & Welsh [M&H]
Laxmann’s milkvetch
Astragalus adsurgens Pallas var. robustior Hooker
Astragalus striatus Nuttall
lentiginosus Douglas ex Hooker var. australis Barneby [M&H]
freckled milkvetch
lentiginosus Douglas ex Hooker var. albiflorus (Gray) Schoener [M&H; W&S]
freckled milkvetch
Astragalus diphysus Gray
Astragalus diphysus Gray var. albiflorus Gray
Astragalus lentiginosus Douglas ex Hooker var. diphysus (Gray) M.E. Jones
Cystium diphysum (Gray) Rydberg
Tragacantha diphysa (Gray) Kuntze
lentiginosus Douglas ex Hooker var. diphysus (Gray) M.E. Jones = Astragalus lentiginosus Douglas
ex Hooker var. albiflorus (Gray) Schoener
lonchocarpus Torrey [M&H; W&S]
great rushy milkvetch
Phaca macrocarpa Gray
longifolius (Pursh) Rydberg = Astragalus ceramicus Sheldon var. filifolius (Gray) F.J. Hermann
lotiflorus Hooker [M&H; W&S]

289
 lotus milkvetch
Astragalus elatiocarpus Sheldon
Batidophaca lotiflora (Hooker) Rydberg
Phaca lotiflora (Hooker) Torrey & Gray
Tragacantha lotiflora (Hooker) Kuntze
macounii Rydberg = Astragalus robbinsii (Oakes) Gray var. minor (Hooker) Barneby
matthewsii S. Watson = Astragalus mollissimus Torrey var. matthewsii (S. Watson) Barneby
melanocarpus Nuttall = Astragalus missouriensis Nuttall var. missouriensis
microlobus Gray = Astragalus gracilis Nuttall
microphacos Cory = Astragalus gracilis Nuttall
+micromerius Barneby [M&H]
Chaco milkvetch
*miser Douglas var. oblongifolius (Rydberg) Cronquist [Heil & O’Kane 2007]
timber milkvetch
Homalobus oblongifolius Rydberg
+missouriensis Nuttall var. accumbens (Sheldon) Isely [Isely 1983; M&H; W&S]
Zuni milkvetch
Astragalus accumbens Sheldon
missouriensis Nuttall var. amphibolus Barneby [M&H]
Missouri milkvetch
missouriensis Nuttall var. humistratus Isely [Heil 2007]
Missouri milkvetch
+missouriensis Nuttall var. mimetes Barneby [M&H]
Missouri milkvetch
missouriensis Nuttall var. missouriensis [M&H; W&S]
Missouri milkvetch
Astragalus melanocarpus Nuttall
Tragacantha missouriensis (Nuttall) Kuntze
Xylophacos missouriensis (Nuttall) Rydberg
mogollonicus Greene = Astragalus mollissimus Torrey var. mogollonicus (Greene) Barneby
mollissimus Torrey var. bigelovii (Gray) Barneby [M&H; W&S]
Bigelow’s wooly locoweed
Astragalus bigelovii Gray
mollissimus Torrey var. earlei (Greene ex Rydberg) Tidestrom [M&H]
Earle’s wooly locoweed
Astragalus earlei Greene ex Rydberg
+mollissimus Torrey var. matthewsii (S. Watson) Barneby [M&H; W&S]
Matthew’s wooly locoweed
Astragalus bigelovii Gray var. matthewsii (S. Watson) M.E. Jones
Astragalus matthewsii S. Watson
mollissimus Torrey var. mogollonicus (Greene) Barneby [M&H]
Mogollon wooly locoweed
Astragalus bigelovii Gray var. mogollonicus (Greene) Barneby
Astragalus mogollonicus Greene
mollissimus Torrey var. mollissimus [M&H; W&S]
wooly locoweed
Astragalus simulans Cockerell
Phaca villosa James ex S. Watson
mollissimus Torrey var. thompsoniae (S. Watson) Barneby [M&H; W&S]
Thompson’s wooly locoweed
Astragalus bigelovii Gray var. thompsoniae (S. Watson) M.E. Jones
Astragalus thompsoniae S. Watson
monumentalis Barneby var. cottamii (Welsh) Isely [Isely 1983]
Cottam’s milkvetch
Astragalus cottamii Welsh
monumentalis Barneby var. monumentalis [Marley & Wagner 1981]

290
 Monument Valley milkvetch
multiflorus (Pursh) Gray [M&H; W&S]
Standley’s milkvetch
Astragalus tenellus Pursh
Ervum multiflorum Pursh
Homalobus standleyi Rydberg
naturitensis Payson [Knight 1984]
Naturita milkvetch
+neomexicanus Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico milkvetch
Pisophaca neomexicana (Wooton & Standley) Rydberg
newberryi Gray [M&H; W&S]
Newberry’s milkvetch
Xylophacos newberryi (Gray) Rydberg
nothoxys Gray [M&H]
sheep milkvetch
Aragallus nothoxys (Gray) Heller
Hamosa nothoxys (Gray) Rydberg
Oxytropis nothoxys (Gray) M.E. Jones
Spiesia nothoxys (Gray) M.E. Jones
Tragacantha nothoxys (Gray) Kuntze
nutriosensis Sanderson [Sivinski 2005]
Nutriosa milkvetch
nuttallianus A.P. de Candolle var. austrinus (Small) Barneby [M&H; W&S]
Nuttall’s milkvetch, turkey-peas
Astragalus austrinus (Small) Schulz
Hamosa austrina Small
nuttallianus A.P. de Candolle var. macilentus (Small) Barneby [M&H]
Nuttall’s milkvetch, turkey-peas
Hamosa macilenta Small
nuttallianus A.P. de Candolle var. micranthiformis Barneby [M&H]
Nuttall’s milkvetch, turkey-peas
nuttallianus A.P. de Candolle var. trichocarpus Torrey & Gray [M&H]
Nuttall’s milkvetch, turkey-peas
oocalycis M.E. Jones [M&H]
arboles milkvetch
Astragalus urceolatus Greene
Diholcos oocalycis (M.E. Jones) Rydberg
oreophilus Rydberg = Astragalus canadensis Linnaeus
parryanus Tidestrom = Oxytropis parryi Gray
parviflorus (Pursh) MacMillan = Astragalus gracilis Nuttall
pattersonii Gray in Brandegee [M&H;W&S]
Patterson’s milkvetch
Jonesiella pattersonii (Gray) Rydberg
Phacopsis pattersonii (Gray) Rydberg
Rydbergiella pattersonii (Gray) Fedde & Sydow
pectinatus Douglas ex G. Don : Reported by M&H, but no verifying specimens or other reports
found; needs verification.
pictiformis Barneby [M&H]
Guadalupe milkvetch
plattensis Nuttall : Reported by M&H, but no verifying specimens or other reports found; awaits
verification.
playanus M.E. Jones = Astragalus allochrous Gray var. playanus (M.E. Jones) Isely
praelongus Sheldon var. ellisiae (Rydberg) Barneby [M&H]
Ellis’s stinking milkvetch
Astragalus ellisiae (Rydberg) C.L. Porter
Jonesiella ellisiae Rydberg

291
praelongus Sheldon var. lonchopus Barneby [M&H]
stinking milkvetch
praelongus Sheldon var. praelongus [M&H; W&S]
stinking milkvetch
Astragalus recedens (Greene) C.L. Porter
Jonesiella recedens Greene
preussii A. Gray var. latus M.E. Jones [Heil 2004]
Preuss’s milkvetch
proximus (Rydberg) Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
Aztec milkvetch
Homalobus proximus Rydberg
Pisophaca proxima Rydberg
+puniceus Osterhout var. gertrudis (Greene) Barneby [M&H; W&S]
Trinidad milkvetch
Astragalus gertrudis Greene
Pisophaca gertrudis (Greene) Rydberg
puniceus Osterhout var. puniceus [M&H]
Trinidad milkvetch
Astragalus gracilentus (Gray) Gray var. exsertus M.E. Jones
Pisophaca punicea (Osterhout) Rydberg
Xylophacos puniceus (Osterhout) Rydberg
racemosus Pursh var. longisetus M.E. Jones [M&H]
Jones’s alkali milkvetch
racemosus Pursh var. racemosus [M&H]
alkali milkvetch
Tium racemosum (Pursh) Rydberg
recedens (Greene) C.L. Porter = Astragalus praelongus Sheldon var. praelongus
remulcus M.E. Jones = Astragalus tephrodes Gray var. brachylobus (Gray) Barneby
ripleyi Barneby [M&H]
Ripley’s milkvetch
robbinsii (Oakes) Gray var. minor (Hooker) Barneby [M&H]
Robbins’s milkvetch
Astragalus blakei Eggleston
Astragalus macounii Rydberg
Atelophragma macounii (Rydberg) Rydberg
Phaca robbinsii Oakes
Phaca elegans Hooker var. minor Hooker
rusbyi Greene [W&S]
Rusby’s milkvetch
sabulonum Gray [M&H]
gravel milkvetch
Phaca sabulonum (Gray) Rydberg
sanctae-fidei Tidestrom = Astragalus feensis M.E. Jones
scaposus Gray = Astragalus calycosus Torrey ex S. Watson var. scaposus (Gray) M.E. Jones
scopulorum T.C. Porter [M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain milkvetch
Tium scopulorum (Porter) Rydberg
Tium stenolobum Rydberg
sericoleucus Gray [Spellenberg 1984]
silky milkvetch
shortianus Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
Short’s milkvetch
Astragalus shortianus Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. typicus Barneby
Tragacantha shortiana (Nuttall) Kuntze
Xylophacos shortianus (Nuttall) Rydberg

292
 shortianus Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. brachylobus Gray = Astragalus tephrodes Gray var.
brachylobus (Gray) Barneby
shortianus Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. cyaneus (Gray) M.E. Jones = Astragalus cyaneus Gray
shortianus Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. typicus Barneby = Astragalus shortianus Nuttall
+siliceus Barneby [M&H]
Flint Mountain milkvetch
simulans Cockerell = Astragalus mollissimus Torrey var. mollissimus
sonorae Gray = Astragalus humistratus Gray var. sonorae (Gray) M.E. Jones
striatus Nuttall = Astragalus laxmannii Jacquin var. robustior (Hooker) Barneby & Welsh
spatulatus Sheldon : Isely (1998) reports “n NM,” but this not verified by his map nor by other
sources; awaits verification.
subcinereus Gray : Reported by W&S, but not occurring in NM [Barneby 1964].
succulentus var. paysonii Kelso = Astragalus crassicarpus Nuttall var. paysonii (Kelso) Barneby
tagetarius S. Watson = Astragalus kentrophyta Gray var. implexus (Canby ex T. Porter & Coulter)
Barneby
tagetarius S. Watson var. elatus (S. Watson) Barneby = Astragalus kentrophyta Gray var. elatus S.
Watson
tagetarius S. Watson var. neomexicanus Barneby = Astragalus kentrophyta Gray var. neomexicanus
(Barneby) Barneby
tenellus Pursh = Astragalus multiflorus (Pursh) Gray
tephrodes Gray var. brachylobus (Gray) Barneby [M&H; W&S]
silverline locoweed
Astragalus curtilobus Tidestrom
Astragalus remulcus M.E. Jones
Astragalus shortianus Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. brachylobus Gray
Xylophacos brachylobus (Gray) Rydberg
tephrodes Gray var. tephrodes [M&H; W&S]
silverline locoweed
Tragacantha tephrodes (Gray) Kuntze
Xylophacos tephrodes (Gray) Rydberg
texanus Sheldon = Astragalus giganteus S. Watson
thompsoniae S. Watson = Astragalus mollissimus Torrey var. thompsoniae (S. Watson) M.E. Jones
thurberi Gray [M&H; W&S]
Thurber’s milkvetch
Phaca thurberi (Gray) Kearney
Tragacantha thurberi (Gray) Kuntze
triflorus sensu Gray var. playanus M.E. Jones = Astragalus allochrous Gray var. playanus (M.E.
Jones) Isely
urceolatus Greene = Astragalus oocalycis M.E. Jones
vaccarum Gray [M&H; W&S]
cow spring milkvetch
Hamosa vaccarum (Gray) Rydberg
Tragacantha vaccarum (Gray) Kuntze
vespertinus Sheldon = Astragalus amphioxys Gray var. vespertinus (Sheldon) M.E. Jones
waterfallii Barneby [M&H]
Waterfall’s milkvetch
wingatanus S. Watson [M&H; W&S]
Fort Wingate milkvetch
Homalobus wingatanus (S. Watson) Rydberg
+wittmannii Barneby [Barneby 1979]
Wittmann’s milkvetch
wootonii Sheldon = Astragalus allochrous Gray var. playanus (M.E. Jones) Isely
yaquianus S. Watson = Astragalus giganteus S. Watson
zionis M.E. Jones var. zionis [Welsh 2008]
Zion milkvetch
Atelophragma altum (Wooton & Standley) Rydberg = Astragalus altus Wooton & Standley
brandegei (Porter) Rydberg = Astragalus brandegei Porter
cobrense (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus cobrensis Gray var. cobrensis

293
 macounii (Rydberg) Rydberg = Astragalus robbinsii (Oakes) Gray var. minor (Hooker) Barneby
Batidophaca albula (Wooton & Standley) Rydberg = Astragalus albulus Wooton & Standley
gilensis (Greene) Rydberg = Astragalus gilensis Greene
hosackiae (Greene) Rydberg = Astragalus humistratus Gray var. hosackiae (Greene) M.E. Jones
humistrata (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus humistratus Gray var. humistratus
humivagans Rydberg = Astragalus humistratus Gray var. humivagans (Rydberg) Barneby
lotiflora (Hooker) Rydberg = Astragalus lotiflorus Hooker
sonorae (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus humistratus Gray var. sonorae (Gray) M.E. Jones
stipulacea Rydberg = Astragalus humistratus Gray var. sonorae (Gray) M.E. Jones
Broussonetia secundiflora Ortega = Sophora secundiflora (Ortega) A.P. de Candolle
Caesalpinia paradise-flower
Simpson, B.B. 1998. A revision of Pomaria (Fabaceae) in North America. Lundellia 1:46-71.
drepanocarpa (Gray) E.M. Fisher = Hoffmannseggia drepanocarpa Gray
*gilliesii (Wallich ex Hooker) Wallich ex D. Dietrich [M&H; W&S]
bird-of-paradise bush
Poinciana gilliesii Wallich ex Hooker
jamesii (Torrey & Gray) Fisher = Pomaria jamesii (Torrey & Gray) Walpers
Calliandra stick-pea
chamaedrys Engelmann = Calliandra eriophylla Bentham
eriophylla Bentham [M&H; W&S]
fairy duster
Calliandra chamaedrys Engelmann
herbacea Bentham = Calliandra humilis Bentham var. humilis
humilis Bentham var. humilis [M&H; W&S]
dwarf stick-pea
Calliandra herbacea Bentham
humilis Bentham var. reticulata (Gray) L. Benson [M&H; W&S]
dwarf stick-pea
Calliandra reticulata Gray
reticulata Gray = Calliandra humulis Bentham var. reticulata (Gray) L. Benson
Caragana pea-shrub
Cox, G. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 31:1. [Caragana arborescnes]
*arborescens Linnaeus [Cox 2004]
Siberian pea-shrub
Cassia bauhinioides Gray var. arizonica Robinson= Senna bauhinioides (Gray) Irwin & Barneby
bauhinioides Gray = Senna bauhinioides (Gray) Irwin & Barneby
chamaecrista Linnaeus = Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michaux) Greene
covesii Gray = Senna covesii (Gray) Irwin & Barneby
fasciculata Michaux var. fasciculata = Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michaux) Greene
fasciculata Michaux var. rostrata (Wooton & Standley) B. L. Turner = Chamaecrista fasciculata
(Michaux) Greene
leptadenia Greenman = Chamaecrista nictitans (Linnaeus) Moench var. mensalis (Greenman) Irwin
& Barneby
leptadenia Greenman var. mensalis Greenman = Chamaecrista nictitans (Linnaeus) Moench var.
mensalis (Greenman) Irwin & Barneby
leptocarpa Bentham var. glaberrima M. E. Jones = Senna hirsuta (Linnaeus) Irwin & Barneby var.
glaberrima (M.E. Jones) Irwin & Barneby
lindheimeriana Scheele = Senna lindheimeriana (Scheele) Irwin & Barneby
orcuttii (Britton & Rose) B.L. Turner = Senna orcuttii (Britton & Rose) Irwin & Barneby
pumilio Gray : Reported as expected by M&H map, but not known to occur in NM [Isely 1975].
roemeriana Scheele = Senna roemeriana (Scheele) Irwin & Barneby
wislizeni Gray = Senna wislizeni (Gray) Irwin & Barneby
wrightii Gray = Chamaecrista serpens (Linnaeus) Greene var. wrightii (Gray) Irwin & Barneby
Cercis redbud
Hopkins, M. 1942. Cercis in North America. Rhodora 44:193-211.
canadensis Linnaeus var. mexicana (Rose) Hopkins [M&H]
redbud
Cercis mexicana Rose
mexicana Rose = Cercis canadensis Linnaeus var. mexicana (Rose) Hopkins

294
Chamaecrista partridge-pea
Irwin, H.S. & R.C. Barneby. 1982. The American Cassinae, a synoptical revision of Leguminosae tribe Cassieae
subtribe Cassinae in the New World. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35:1-918.
fasciculata (Michaux) Greene [M&H; W&S]
sleeping-plant
Cassia chamaecrista Linnaeus
Cassia fasciculata Michaux
Cassia fasciculata Michaux var. rostrata (Wooton & Standley) B.L. Turner
Chamaecrista rostrata Wooton & Standley
nictitans (Linnaeus) Moench var. leptadenia (Greenman) Gandhi & Hatch = Chamaecrista nictitans
(Linnaeus) Moench var. mensalis (Greenman) Irwin & Barneby
nictitans (Linnaeus) Moench var. mensalis (Greenman) Irwin & Barneby [M&H; W&S]
partridge-pea
Cassia leptadenia Greenman
Cassia leptadenia Greenman var. mensalis Greenman
Chamaecrista leptadenia (Greenman) Cockerell
Chamaecrista nictitans (Linnaeus) Moench var. leptadenia (Greenman) Gandhi & Hatch
rostrata Wooton & Standley = Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michaux) Greene
leptadenia (Greenman) Cockerell = Chamaecrista nictitans (Linnaeus) Moench var. mensalis
(Greenman) Irwin & Barneby
serpens (Linnaeus) Greene var. wrightii (Gray) Irwin & Barneby [M&H; W&S]
slender partridge-pea
Cassia wrightii Gray
Chamaecrista wrightii (Gray) Wooton & Standley
wrightii (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Chamaecrista serpens (Linnaeus) Greene var. wrightii (Gray)
Irwin & Barneby
Clitoria mariana Linnaeus : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
Cnemidophacos confertiflorus (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus flavus Nuttall var. flavus
flavus (Nuttall) Rydberg = Astragalus flavus Nuttall var. flavus
Cologania cologania
Turner, B.L. 1992. Taxonomic overview of the genus Cologania (Fabaceae, Phaseoleae). Phytologia 73(4):281-301.
angustifolia Kunth [M&H; W&S]
long-leaf cologania
Cologania longifolia Gray
broussonettii (Balb.) A.P. de Candolle s.s. : Not known to occur in NM; our plants are referred to
Cologania pallida Rose [Turner 1992].
Cologania pulchella Kunth
pallida Rose [M&H; W&S]
pale cologania
Cologania pulchella of NM works
longifolia Gray = Cologania angustifolia Kunth
pulchella of NM works = Cologania pallida Rose
Colutea bladder-senna
Sivinski, R. 2006. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 35:3. [Colutea arborescens]
*arborescens Linnaeus [Sivinski 2006]
bladder-senna
Coronilla crown-vetch
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Coronilla varia]
Lassen, P. 1989. A new delimitation of the genera Coronilla, Hippocrepis, and Securigera (Fabaceae). Willdenowia
19:49-62.
*varia Linnaeus [Allred 1999]
purple crown-vetch
Securigera varia (Linnaeus) Lassen
Crotalaria rattlebox
lupulina Kunth = Crotalaria pumila Ortega
pumila Ortega [M&H; W&S]
low rattlebox
Crotalaria lupulina Kunth

295
 sagittalis Linnaeus : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
Cystium diphysum (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus lentiginosus Douglas ex Hooker var. albiflorus (Gray)
Schoener
Dalea prairie-clover
Barneby, R.C. 1977. Daleae Imagines. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 27:1-892.
Benson, L. & R.A. Darrow. 1981. Trees and Shrubs of the Southwestern Deserts. 3rd ed. Univ. Arizona Press. 416 p.
[Dalea versicolor var. sessilis]
Peterson, R. 2000. On Dalea compacta in New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 15:5.
Sivinski, R. & K. Lightfoot, eds. 1994. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of New Mexico. New Mexico
Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Misc. Publ. No. 3. [Dalea pulchra]
Wemple, D.K. 1970. Revision of the genus Petalostemum (Leguminosae). Iowa State J. Sci. 45:1-102.
alba Michaux = Dalea leporina (Aiton) Bullock
albiflora Gray [Barneby 1977; M&H; W&S]
Ord’s prairie-clover
Dalea ordiae Gray
Parosela albiflora (Gray) Vail
Parosela ordiae (Gray) Heller
alopecuroides Willdenow = Dalea leporina (Aiton) Bullock
argyraea Gray = Dalea bicolor Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow var. argyraea (Gray) Barneby
aurea Nuttall ex Pursh [M&H; W&S]
golden prairie-clover
Parosela aurea (Nuttall ex Pursh) Britton
bicolor Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow var. argyraea (Gray) Barneby [Barneby 1977;
M&H]
silver prairie-clover
Dalea argyraea Gray
Parosela argyraea (Gray) Heller
brachystachya Gray [M&H; W&S]
Fort Bowie prairie-clover
Parosela brachystachys (Gray) Heller
calycosa Gray = Marina calycosa (Gray) Barneby
candida Muhlenberg ex Willdenow var. candida [Barneby 1977; M&H]
white prairie-clover
Petalostemon candidum (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Michaux
candida Muhlenberg ex Willdenow var. oligophylla (Torrey) Shinners [Barneby 1977; M&H;
W&S]
white prairie-clover
Dalea occidentalis (Britton & Kearney) Isely
Petalostemon candidum (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Michaux var. oligophyllus (Torrey)
F.J. Hermann
Petalostemon gracilis Nuttall var. oligophyllus Torrey
Petalostemon occidentalis (Gray ex Heller) Fernald
Petalostemon oligophyllum (Torrey) Rydberg
compacta of NM reports = Dalea cylindriceps Barneby
compacta Sprengel var. compacta : Apparently not occurring in NM (Peterson 2000); see Dalea
cylindriceps Barneby
Petalostemon compactum (Sprengel) Swezey
compacta Sprengel var. pubescens (Gray) Barneby : Apparently not occurring in NM [Peterson
2000].
Petalostemon pulcherrimum (Heller) Heller
cylindriceps Barneby [Barneby 1977]
Barneby’s prairie-clover
Dalea compacta of NM reports
Petalostemon compactum of NM reports
Petalostemon macrostachyum Torrey
Petalostemon pulcherrimum of NM reports
enneandra Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
slender prairie-clover
Dalea laxiflora Pursh

296
 Parosela enneandra (Nuttall) Britton
exigua Barneby [Barneby 1977; M&H; W&S]
Chihuahuan prairie-clover
Petalostemon exilis Gray, non Dalea exilis A.P. de Candolle
filiformis Gray [M&H; W&S]
Sonoran prairie-clover
Parosela filiformis (Gray) Heller
formosa Torrey [M&H; W&S]
feather-plume
Parosela formosa (Torrey) Vail
frutescens Gray [M&H; W&S]
black prairie-clover
Parosela frutescens (Gray) Vail
glaberrima S. Watson = Dalea lanata Sprengel var. terminalis (M.E. Jones) Barneby
grayi (Vail) L.O. Williams [M&H; W&S]
Gray’s prairie-clover
Dalea laevigata Gray
Parosela grayi Vail
greggii Gray [M&H]
Gregg’s prairie-clover
Parosela greggii (Gray) Heller
hutchinsoniae M.E. Jones var. anomala M.E. Jones = Dalea polygonoides Gray
jamesii (Torrey) Torrey & Gray [M&H; W&S]
James’s prairie-clover
Parosela jamesii (Torrey) Vail
Psoralea jamesii Torrey
lachnostachya Gray [M&H; W&S]
gland-leaf prairie-clover
Parosela lachnostachya (Gray) Heller
laevigata Gray = Dalea grayi (Vail) L.O. Williams
lanata Sprengel var. lanata [M&H; W&S]
wooly prairie-clover
Parosela lanata (Sprengel) Britton
lanata Sprengel var. terminalis (M.E. Jones) Barneby [Barneby 1977; M&H; W&S]
wooly prairie-clover
Dalea glaberrima S. Watson
Dalea terminalis M.E. Jones
Parosela glaberrima (S. Watson) Rose
Parosela terminalis (M.E. Jones) Heller
laxiflora Pursh = Dalea enneandra Nuttall
leporina (Aiton) Bullock [M&H; W&S]
foxtail prairie-clover
Dalea alba Michaux
Dalea alopecuroides Willdenow
Parosela dalea of NM works
Psoralea leporina Aiton
mollis Bentham var. neomexicana Gray = Dalea neomexicana (Gray) Cory
nana Torrey ex Gray var. carnescens (Rydberg) Kearney & Peebles [Barneby 1977; M&H]
dwarf prairie-clover
Parosela carnescens Rydberg
nana Torrey ex Gray var. nana [M&H; W&S]
dwarf prairie-clover
Parosela nana (Torrey) Heller
neomexicana (Gray) Cory [M&H]
New Mexico prairie-clover
Dalea mollis Bentham var. neomexicana Gray

297
 occidentalis (Britton & Kearney) Isely = Dalea candida Willdenow var. oligophylla (Torrey)
Shinners
ordiae Gray = Dalea albiflora Gray
pogonathera Gray [M&H; W&S]
bearded prairie-clover
Parosela pogonathera (Gray) Vail
polygonoides Gray [Barneby 1977; M&H; W&S]
six-weeks prairie-clover
Dalea hutchinsoniae M.E. Jones var. anomala M.E. Jones
Dalea polygonoides Gray var. anomala (M.E. Jones) Morton
Dalea polygonoides Gray var. laevitual Kearney & Peebles
Parosela polygonoides (Gray) Heller
polygonoides Gray var. anomala (M.E. Jones) Morton = Dalea polygonoides Gray
polygonoides Gray var. laevitual Kearney & Peebles = Dalea polygonoides Gray
pulchra H.C. Gentry [Sivinski & Lightfoot 1994]
Santa Catalina prairie-clover
purpurea Ventenat var. arenicola (Wemple) Barneby [Isely 1998]
purple prairie-clover
Petalostemon arenicola Wemple
purpurea Ventenat var. purpurea [Barneby 1977; M&H; W&S]
purple prairie-clover
Petalostemon molle Rydberg
Petalostemon purpureum (Ventenat) Rydberg
Petalostemon purpureum (Ventenat) Rydberg var. molle (Rydberg) A. Nelson
Petalostemon violaceum Michaux
+scariosa S. Watson [Barneby 1977; M&H; W&S]
Albuquerque prairie-clover
Petalostemon prostratum Wooton & Standley
Petalostemon scariosum (S. Watson) Wemple
scoparia Gray = Psorothamnus scoparius (Gray) Rydberg
scoparia Gray var. subrosea Cockerell = Psorothamnus scoparius (Gray) Rydberg
sessilis (Gray) Tidestrom = Dalea versicolor Zuccarini var. sessilis (Gray) Barneby
tenuifolia (Gray) Shinners [Barneby 1977; W&S]
slim-leaf prairie-clover
Petalostemon tenuifolium Gray
terminalis M.E. Jones = Dalea lanata Sprengel var. terminalis (M.E. Jones) Barneby
urceolata Greene [M&H; W&S]
pinewoods prairie-clover
Parosela urceolata (Greene) Standley
versicolor Zuccarini var. sessilis (Gray) Barneby [Benson & Darrow 1981; M&H]
Wislizenus prairie-clover
Dalea sessilis (Gray) Tidestrom
Dalea wislizeni sensu M&H
Dalea wislizeni Gray var. sessilis Gray
villosa (Nuttall) Sprengel [Barneby 1977; M&H]
silky prairie-clover
Petalostemon villosum Nuttall
wislizeni sensu M&H = Dalea versicolor Zuccarini var. sessilis (Gray) Barneby
wislizeni Gray var. sessilis Gray = Dalea versicolor Zuccarini var. sessilis (Gray) Barneby
wrightii Gray [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s prairie-clover
Parosela wrightii (Gray) Vail
Desmanthus bundle-flower
Luckow, M. 1993. Monograph of Desmanthus (Leguminosae- Mimosoideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 38:1-166.
Worthington, R.D. 2003. Plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 28:8. [Desmanthus leptolobus]
cooleyi (Eaton) Trelease [M&H; W&S]
Cooley’s bundle-flower

298
 Acacia cooleyi Eaton
Acuan jamesii (Torrey & Gray) Kuntze
Desmanthus jamesii Torrey & Gray
glandulosus (B.L. Turner) Luckow [M&H]
glandular bundle-flower
Desmanthus virgatus (Linnaeus) Willdenow var. glandulosus B.L. Turner
illinoensis (Michaux) MacMillan ex B.L. Robinson & Fernald [M&H; W&S]
prairie bundle-flower
Acuan illinoense (Michaux) Kuntze
Mimosa illinoensis
jamesii Torrey & Gray = Desmanthus cooleyi (Eaton) Trelease
*leptolobus Torrey & Gray [Worthington 2003]
roadside bundle-flower
obtusus S. Watson [M&H]
blunt-pod bundle-flower
Acuan fallax Small
Acuan obtusum (S. Watson) Heller
velutinus Scheele [M&H]
velvet bundle-flower
Acuan velutinum (Scheele) Kuntze
virgatus (Linnaeus) Willdenow var. glandulosus B.L. Turner = Desmanthus glandulosus (B.L.
Turner) Luckow
Desmodium tick-trefoil
Schubert, B.G. 1950. Desmodium: Preliminary studies-III. Rhodora 52:135-155.
Vail, A.M. 1896. Studies in the Leguminosae I. Notes on Meibomia. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23:139-141.
[Desmodium psilophyllum]
Worthington, R.D. 2003. Plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 28:8. [Desmodium procumbens]
arizonicum S. Watson [M&H; W&S]
Arizona tick-trefoil
Meibomia arizonica (S. Watson) Vail
batocaulon Gray [M&H; W&S]
San Pedro tick-trefoil
Meibomia batocaulis (Gray) Kuntze
bigelovii A. Gray = Desmodium neomexicanum A. Gray
exiguum A. Gray = Desmodium procumbens (Millspaugh) A.S. Hitchcock var. exiguum (A. Gray)
Shubert
grahamii Gray [M&H; W&S]
Graham’s tick-trefoil
Meibomia grahamii (Gray) Kuntze
metcalfei (Rose & Painter) Kearney & Peebles [M&H; W&S]
Metcalfe’s tick-trefoil
Meibomia metcalfei Rose & Painter
neomexicanum A. Gray [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico tick-trefoil
Desmodium bigelovii A. Gray
Desmodium neomexicanum A. Gray var. bigelovii (A. Gray) S. Watson
Desmodium spirale (Swartz) de Candolle var. bigelovii (A. Gray) B.L. Robinson & J.L.
Greenman
Meibomia bigelovii (A. Gray) Kuntze
Meibomia neomexicana (A. Gray) Kuntze
neomexicanum A. Gray var. bigelovii (A. Gray) S. Watson = Desmodium neomexicanum A. Gray
procumbens (Millspaugh) A.S. Hitchcock var. exiguum (A. Gray) Shubert [Worthington
2003]
southwestern tick-trefoil
Desmodium exiguum A. Gray
psilocarpum A. Gray [Isely 1998]
Santa Cruz Island tick-trefoil
psilophyllum Schlectendal [Vail 1896]
299
 single-leaf tick-trefoil
Desmodium wrightii A. Gray
rosei Schubert [M&H]
Rose’s tick-trefoil
spirale (Swartz) de Candolle var. bigelovii (A. Gray) B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman = Desmodium
neomexicanum A. Gray
wrightii A. Gray = Desmodium psilophyllum Schlectendal
Diholcos bisulcatus (Hooker) Rydberg = Astraglus bisulcatus (Hooker) Gray var. bisulcatus
heydenianus (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus bisulcatus (Hooker) Gray var. bisulcatus
oocalycis (M.E. Jones) Rydberg = Astragalus oocalycis M.E. Jones
Dolicholus texanus (Torrey & A. Gray) Vail = Rhynchosia senna Gillies ex Hooker var. texana (Torrey &
A. Gray) M.C. Johnston
Earleocassia bauhinioides (Gray) Britton & Rose = Senna bauhinioides (Gray) Irwin & Barneby
covesii (Gray) Britton & Rose = Senna covesii (Gray) Irwin & Barneby
lindheimeriana (Scheele) Britton = Senna lindheimeriana (Scheele) Irwin & Barneby
roemeriana (Scheele) Britton = Senna roemeriana (Scheele) Irwin & Barneby
Ervum multiflorum Pursh = Astraglus multiflorus (Pursh) Gray
Erythrina coral-bean
Krukoff, B.A. & R.C. Barneby. 1974. Conspectus of species of the genus Erythrina. Lloydia 37:332-459.
flabelliformis Kearney [M&H; W&S]
coral-bean
Eysenhardtia kidneywood
amorphoides Kunth var. orthocarpa A. Gray = Eysenhardtia orthocarpa (A. Gray) S. Watson
polystachya of NM works, not (Ortega) Sargent = Eysenhardtia orthocarpa (A. Gray) S. Watson
orthocarpa (A. Gray) S. Watson [M&H; W&S]
desert kidneywood
Eysenhardtia amorphoides Kunth var. orthocarpa A. Gray
Eysenhardtia polystachya of NM works, not (Ortega) Sargent
Viborquia orthocarpa (A. Gray) Cockerell
Galactia milk-pea
tephrodes A. Gray = Galactia wrightii A. Gray var. wrightii
wrightii A. Gray var. wrightii [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s milk-pea
Galactia tephrodes A. Gray
Geoprumnon crassicarpum (Nuttall) Rydberg = Astragalus crassicarpus Nuttall var. crassicarpus
Gleditsia honey-locust
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Gleditsia triacanthos]
*triacanthos Linnaeus [Allred 1999]
honey-locust
Glycyrrhiza licorice
lepidota Nuttall ex Pursh [M&H; W&S]
American licorice
Liquivitia lepidota Nuttall
Hamosa austrina Small = Astragalus nuttallianus A.P. de Candolle var. austrinus (Small) Barneby
emoryana Rydberg = Astragalus emoryanus (Rydberg) Cory
feensis (M.E. Jones) Rydberg = Astragalus feensis M.E. Jones
macilenta Small = Astragalus nuttallianus A.P. de Candolle var. macilentus (Small) Barneby
nothoxys (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus nothoxys Gray
scaposa (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus calycosus Torrey ex S. Watson var. scaposus (Gray) M.E.
Jones
vaccarum (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus vaccarum Gray
Hedysarum sweet-vetch
boreale Nuttall var. boreale [Isely 1998; M&H; W&S]
boreal sweet-vetch
Hedysarum pabulare A. Nelson
boreale Nuttall var. cinerascens (Rydberg) Rollins [Isely 1998]
boreal sweet-vetch
Hedysarum cinerascens Rydberg

300
 cinerascens Rydberg = Hedysarum boreale Nuttall var. cinerascens (Rydberg) Rollins
onobrychis Linnaeus = Onobrychis viciifolia Scopoli
pabulare A. Nelson = Hedysarum boreale Nuttall
Hoffmannseggia rush-pea
Simpson, B.B. & B. Miao. 1997. The circumscription of Hoffmannseggia (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae, Caesalpinieae)
and it allies using morphological and cpDNA restriction site data. Pl. Syst. Evol. 205:157-178.
brachycarpa A. Gray : Reported as expected by M&H map; the type, collected by Charles Wright,
stated "New Mexico”, but no specimens are known from the state; awaits
verification.
caudata A. Gray : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
Schrammia caudata (A. Gray) Britton & Rose
densiflora Bentham = Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert
drepanocarpa A. Gray [M&H; W&S]
sickle-pod hog-potato
Caesalpinia drepanocarpa (A. Gray) E.M. Fisher
glauca (Ortega) Eijert [M&H; W&S]
waxy rush-pea
Hoffmannseggia densiflora Bentham
Larrea glauca Ortega
jamesii Torrey & A. Gray = Pomaria jamesii (Torrey & A. Gray) Walpers
Homalobus canovirens Rydberg = Astragalus coltonii M.E. Jones var. moabensis M.E. Jones
hallii (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus hallii Gray var. hallii
oblongifolius Rydberg = Astragalus miser Douglas var. oblongifolius (Rydberg) Cronquist
proximus Rydberg = Astragalus proximus (Rydberg) Wooton & Standley
standleyi Rydberg = Astragalus multiflorus (Pursh) Gray
wingatanus (S. Watson) Rydberg = Astragalus wingatanus S. Watson
Hosackia brachycarpa Bentham = Lotus humistratus Greene
plebeia Brandegee = Lotus plebeius (Brandegee) Barneby
purshiana Bentham = Lotus purshianus (Bentham) Clements & Clements
rigida Bentham var. nummularia M.E. Jones = Lotus plebeius (Brandegee) Barneby
Indigofera indigo
sphaerocarpa A. Gray [M&H]
Chihuahuan indigo
Amorpha ovalis M.E. Jones
Jonesiella ellisiae Rydberg = Astragalus praelongus Sheldon var. ellisiae (Rydberg) Barneby
pattersonii (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus pattersonii Gray in Brandegee
recedens Greene = Astragalus praelongus Sheldon var. praelongus
Krameria = see KRAMERIACEAE
Kummerowia striata (Thunberg) Schindler [=Lespedeza striata (Thunberg) Hooker & Arnott] : Reported
without documentation by Kartesz (1999); awaits verification.
Lathyrus sweetpea
Allred, K.W. 2003. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 25:7. [Lathyrus brachycalyx zionis]
Broich, S.L. 2009. A new combination in North American Lathyrus. Phytologia 91(3):566-567. [Lathyrus
decaphyllus incanus]
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Lathyrus pauciflorus utahensis]
Hitchcock, C.L. 1952. A revision of the North American species of Lathyrus. Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 15:1-104.
Johnson, S. & K.W. Allred. 2003. A taxonomic review of the tendril-bearing legumes (Leguminosae) in New Mexico.
I. Lathyrus. The New Mexico Botanist 25:1-7.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Lathyrus latifolius]
arizonicus Britton [Johnson & Allred 2003; M&H; W&S]
Arizona sweetpea
brachycalyx Rydberg var. zionis (C.L. Hitchcock) Welsh [Allred 2003; Johnson & Allred 2003]
Zion’s sweetpea
Lathyrus zionis C.L. Hitchcock
decaphyllus Pursh var. incanus (J.G. Smith & Rydberg) S.L Broich [Johnson & Allred 2003;
M&H; W&S]
hoary sweetpea
Lathyrus incanus (J.G. Smith & Rydberg) Rydberg

301
 Lathyrus ornatus Nuttall var. incanus J.G. Smith & Rydberg
Lathyrus polymorphus Nuttall subsp. incanus (J.G. Smith & Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock
eucosmus Butters & St. John [Johnson & Allred 2003; M&H; W&S]
bush sweetpea
graminifolius (S. Watson) White [Johnson & Allred 2003; M&H; W&S]
grass-leaf sweetpea
Lathyrus palustris Linnaeus var. graminifolius S. Watson
*hirsutus Linnaeus [Isely 1998; Johnson & Allred 2003]
Singletary sweetpea
incanus (Smyth & Rydberg) Rydberg = Lathyrus decaphyllus Pursh var. incanus (J.G. Smith &
Rydberg) S.L. Broich
laetivirens Green ex Rydberg : Reported by various authors, but not in NM in the circumscription of
Johnson & Allred (2003).
Lathyrus lanzwertii Kellogg var. laetivirens (Greene ex Rydberg) Welsh
Lathyrus leucanthus Rydberg var. laetivirens (Greene ex Rydberg) C.L Hitchcock
lanzwertii Kellogg var. lanzwertii : Reported by Isely (1998), but not in NM in the circumscription
of Johnson & Allred (2003).
lanzwertii Kellogg var. laetivirens (Greene ex Rydberg) Welsh = Lathyrus laetivirens Greene ex
Rydberg
lanzwertii Kellogg var. leucanthus (Rydberg) Dorn = Lathyrus leucanthus Rydberg
lanzwertii Kellogg var. pallescens Barneby : Reported by Barneby (1989), but not in NM in the
circumscription of Johnson & Allred (2003).
*latifolius Linnaeus [Johnson & Allred 2003; Spellenberg et al. 1986]
everlasting-pea
leucanthus Rydberg var. laetivirens (Greene ex Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock = Lathyrus laetivirens
Greene ex Rydberg
leucanthus Rydberg [Johnson & Allred 2003; M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain sweet-pea
Lathyrus lanzwertii Kellogg var. leucanthus (Rydberg) Dorn
oreophilus Wooton & Standley = Lathyrus venosus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow var. intonsus (Butters
& St. John) C.L. Hitchcock
ornatus Nuttall var. incanus Smyth & Rydberg = Lathyrus decaphyllus Pursh var. incanus (J.G.
Smith & Rydberg) S.L. Broich
palustris Linnaeus var. graminifolius S. Watson = Lathyrus graminifolius (S. Watson) White
parvifolius S. Watson : Reported by W&S, but this is a Mexican species not found in NM
[Hitchcock 1952].
pauciflorus Fernald var. utahensis (M.E. Jones) Piper ex M.E. Peck : Reported by Heil et al. (2002),
but the specimen in question (Heil & Mietty 14908) is corrected to Lathyrus
eucosmus [Johnson & Allred 2003].
polymorphus Nuttall subsp. incanus (J.G. Smith & Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock = Lathyrus decaphyllus
Pursh var. incanus (J.G. Smith & Rydberg) S.L. Broich
polymorphus Nuttall subsp. polymorphus (=Lathyrus decaphyllus Pursh var. decaphyllus) :
Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
tingitanus Linnaeus : Planted at Bosque del Apache (Socorro Co.) in 1957, but not persisting and
not known in the wild in NM [Johnson & Allred 2003].
*venosus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow var. intonsus Butters & St. John [Johnson & Allred
2003; M&H; W&S]
veiny sweetpea
Lathyrus oreophilus Wooton & Standley
zionis C.L. Hitchcock = Lathyrus brachycalyx Rydberg var. zionis (C.L. Hitchcock) Welsh
Leptoglottis occidentalis (Wooton & Standley) Britton & Rose = Mimosa quadrivalvis Linnaeus var.
occidentalis (Wooton & Standley) Barneby
Lespedeza striata (Thunberg) Hooker & Arnott : Reported without documentation by Kartesz (1999);
awaits verification.
Leucaena leadtree
Hughes, C. 1998. Monograph of Leucaena (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 55:1-244. [Leucaena
retusa]
retusa Bentham [Hughes 1998]
little-leaf leadtree

302
Liquivitia lepidota Nuttall = Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nuttall ex Pursh
Lotus trefoil
Barneby, R.C. 1989. Lotus, pp. 190-198. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 3. New York Botanical Garden.
Brouillet, L. 2008. The taxonomy of North American Loti (Fabaceae: Loteae): New names in Acmispon and Hosackia.
J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1):387-394.
Isely, D. 1981. Leguminosae of the United States:III. Subfamily Papilionoideae: Tribes Sophoreae, Podalyrieae,
Loteae. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 25(3):1-264.
Ottley, A.M. 1944. The American Loti with special consideration of aproposed new section, Simpeteria. Brittonia
5:81-123.
americanus (Nuttall) Rydberg = Lotus purshianus (Bentham) Clements & Clements
*corniculatus Linnaeus [M&H]
birds-foot trefoil
greenei Ottley ex Kearney & Peebles [M&H; W&S]
Greene’s trefoil
Anisolotus mollis (Greene) Heller
humistratus Greene [M&H; W&S]
foothill trefoil, colchita
Anisolotus brachycarpus (Bentham) Rydberg
Anisolotus trispermus (Greene) Wooton & Standley
Hosackia brachycarpa Bentham
Lotus trispermus Greene
neomexicanus Greene = Lotus plebeius (Brandegee) Barneby
×nummularius (M.E. Jones) Tidestrom = Lotus plebeius (Brandegee) Barneby
oroboides (Kunth) Ottley var. nanus (A. Gray) Isely = Lotus plebeius (Brandegee) Barneby
oroboides (Kunth) Ottley var. nummularis (Jones) Isely = Lotus plebeius (Brandegee) Barneby
oroboides of New Mexico authors = Lotus plebeius (Brandegee) Barneby
plebeius (Brandegee) Barneby [Isely 1981; M&H; W&S]
New Mexico trefoil
Anisolotus neomexicanus (Greene) Heller
Anisolotus nummularius (M.E. Jones) Wooton & Standley
Anisolotus puberulus (Bentham) Wooton & Standley
Hosackia plebeia Brandegee
Hosackia rigida Bentham var. nummularia M.E. Jones
Lotus neomexicanus Greene
Lotus oroboides (Kunth) Ottley var. nanus (A. Gray) Isely
Lotus oroboides (Kunth) Ottley var. nummularius (Jones) Isely
Lotus oroboides of New Mexico authors
Lotus ×nummularius (M.E. Jones) Tidestrom
Lotus puberulus (Bentham) Greene
puberulus (Bentham) Greene = Lotus plebeius (Brandegee) Barneby
purshianus (Bentham) Clements & Clements [M&H; W&S]
Pursh’s trefoil
Acmispon americanum (Nuttall) Rydberg
Hosackia purshiana Bentham
Lotus americanus (Nuttall) Rydberg
rigidus (Bentham) Greene : Reported by W&S (as Anisolotus rigidus Bentham), but not occurring
in NM [Barneby 1989; M&H].
trispermus Greene = Lotus humistratus Greene
wrightii (A. Gray) Greene [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s trefoil
Anisolotus wrightii (A. Gray) Rydberg
Lupinus lupine
Barneby, R.C. 1989. Lupinus, pp. 237-267. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 3. New York Botanical Garden.
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp. [Lupinus
argenteus parviflorus]
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports [Lupinus argenteus moabensis, Lupinus caudatus utahensis]. The New
Mexico Botanist 39:7.
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Lupinus argenteus argentatus]
aduncus Greene = Lupinus caudatus Kellogg var. argophyllus (Gray) Welsh
alpestris A. Nelson = Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. rubricaulis (Greene) Welsh

303
ammophilus Greene [M&H; W&S]
sand lupine
Lupinus polyphyllus Lindley var. ammophilus (Greene) Barneby
amplus Greene = Lupinus polyphyllus Lindley var. prunophilus (M.E. Jones) L. Phillips
aquilinus Wooton & Standley = Lupinus sierrae-blancae Wooton & Standley subsp. aquilinus
(Wooton & Standley) Fleak & D. Dunn
argenteus Pursh var. argentatus (Rydberg) Barneby [Barneby 1989; Peterson 2000]
silvery lupine
Lupinus decumbens Torrey var. argentatus Rydberg
argenteus Pursh var. argenteus [M&H]
silvery lupine
Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. laxiflorus (Douglas ex Lindley) Dorn
Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. stenophyllus (Rydberg) Davis
Lupinus sitgreavii S. Watson
argenteus Pursh var. argophyllus (Gray) S. Watson = Lupinus caudatus Kellogg var. argophyllus
(Gray) Welsh
argenteus Pursh var. fulvomaculatus (Payson) Barneby [M&H; W&S]
silvery lupine
Lupinus fulvomaculatus Payson
Lupinus ingratus Greene
argenteus Pursh var. hillii (Greene) Barneby [Isely 1998; M&H]
Hill’s silvery lupine
Lupinus hillii Greene
Lupinus osterhoutianus C.P. Smith
argenteus Pursh var. laxiflorus (Douglas ex Lindley) Dorn = Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. argenteus
argenteus Pursh var. moabensis (D. Dunn & Harmon) S. Welsh [Heil 2007]
silvery lupine
Lupinus argenteus Pursh subsp. moabensis D. Dunn & Harmon
argenteus Pursh subsp. moabensis D. Dunn & Harmon = Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. moabensis
(D. Dunn & Harmon) S. Welsh
argenteus Pursh var. myrianthus (Greene) Isely [M&H]
silvery lupine
Lupinus floribundus Greene
Lupinus myrianthus Greene
argenteus Pursh var. palmeri (S. Watson) Barneby [M&H; W&S]
Palmer’s silvery lupine
Lupinus palmeri S. Watson
argenteus Pursh var. parviflorus (Nuttall ex Hooker & Arnott) C.L. Hitchcock [Great
Plains Flora Association 1977]
silvery lupine
Lupinus parviflorus Nuttall ex Hooker & Arnott
argenteus Pursh var. rubricaulis (Greene) Welsh [M&H]
silvery lupine
Lupinus alpestris A. Nelson
Lupinus rubricaulis Greene
argenteus Pursh var. stenophyllus (Rydberg) Davis = Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. argenteus
argenteus Pursh var. utahensis (S. Watson) Barneby = Lupinus caudatus Kellogg var. utahensis (S.
Watson) Welsh
argillaceus Wooton & Standley = Lupinus kingii S. Watson
argophyllus (Gray) Cockerell = Lupinus caudatus Kellogg var. argophyllus (Gray) Welsh
bakeri Greene = Lupinus sericeus Pursh
brevicaulis S. Watson [M&H; W&S]
short-stem lupine
Lupinus dispersus Heller
caudatus Kellogg var. argophyllus (Gray) Welsh [M&H; W&S]
silvery spurred lupine
Lupinus aduncus Greene

304
 Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. argophyllus (Gray) S. Watson
Lupinus argophyllus (Gray) Cockerell
Lupinus caudatus Kellogg subsp. agrophyllus (Gray) Phillips
Lupinus decumbens Torrey var. argophyllus Gray
Lupinus helleri Greene
caudatus Kellogg subsp. agrophyllus (Gray) Phillips = Lupinus caudatus kellogg var. argophyllus
(Gray) Welsh
caudatus Kellogg var. cutleri (Eastwood) Welsh [M&H]
Cutler’s spurred lupine
Lupinus cutleri Eastwood
caudatus Kellogg var. utahensis (S. Watson) Welsh [Heil 2007]
Utah spurred lupine
Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. utahensis (S. Watson) Barneby
Lupinus holosericeus Nuttall var. utahensis S. Watson
concinnus Agardh [M&H; W&S]
elegant lupine
Lupinus concinnus Agardh var. orcuttii (S. Watson) C.P. Smith
Lupinus micensis M.E. Jones
Lupinus orcuttii S. Watson
cutleri Eastwood = Lupinus caudatus Kellogg var. cutleri (Eastwood) Welsh
decumbens Torrey var. argentatus Rydberg = Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. argentatus (Rydberg)
Barneby
decumbens Torrey var. argophyllus Gray = Lupinus caudatus Kellogg var. argophyllus (Gray) Welsh
dispersus Heller = Lupinus brevicaulis S. Watson
floribundus Greene = Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. myrianthus (Greene) Isely
fulvomaculatus Payson = Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. fulvomaculatus (Payson) Barneby
helleri Greene = Lupinus caudatus kellogg var. argophyllus (Gray) Welsh
hillii Greene = Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. hillii (Greene) Barneby
holosericeus Nuttall var. utahensis S. Watson = Lupinus caudatus kellogg var. utahensis (S. Watson)
Welsh
ingratus Greene = Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. fulvomaculatus (Payson) Barneby
kingii S. Watson [M&H; W&S]
King’s lupine
Lupinus argillaceus Wooton & Standley
Lupinus kingii S. Watson var. argillaceus (Wooton & Standley) C.P. Smith
Lupinus sileri S. Watson
kingii S. Watson var. argillaceus (Wooton & Standley) C.P. Smith = Lupinus kingii S. Watson
laetus Wooton & Standley = Lupinus latifolius Agardh var. leucanthus (Rydberg) Isely
latifolius Lindley ex Agardh var. leucanthus (Rydberg) Isely [M&H; W&S]
broad-leaf lupine
Lupinus laetus Wooton & Standley
Lupinus leucanthus Rydberg
lepidus Douglas ex Lindley var. utahensis (Watson) C.L. Hitchcock [Heil et al. 2002]
prairie lupine
leucanthus Rydberg = Lupinus latifolius Lindley ex Agardh var. leucanthus (Rydberg) Isely
micensis M.E. Jones = Lupinus concinnus Agardh var. orcuttii (S. Watson) C.P. Smith
myrianthus Greene = Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. myrianthus (Greene) Isely
neomexicanus Greene [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico lupine
orcuttii S. Watson = Lupinus concinnus Agardh
osterhoutianus C.P. Smith = Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. hillii (Greene) Barneby
palmeri S. Watson = Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. palmeri (S. Watson) Barneby
parviflorus Nuttall ex Hooker & Arnott = Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. parviflorus (Nuttall ex
Hooker & Arnott) C.L. Hitchcock
plattensis S. Watson [M&H]
Nebraska lupine
polyphyllus Lindley var. ammophilus (Greene) Barneby = Lupinus ammophilus Greene
polyphyllus Lindley var. prunophilus (M.E. Jones) L. Phillips [W&S]

305
 big-leaf lupine
Lupinus amplus Greene
Lupinus prunophilus M.E. Jones
prunophilus M.E. Jones = Lupinus polyphyllus Lindley var. prunophilus (M.E. Jones) L. Phillips
pusillus Pursh var. pusillus [M&H; W&S]
rusty lupine
Lupinus pusillus Pursh var. intermontanus (Heller) C. P. Smith
pusillus Pursh var. rubens (Rydberg) Welsh [M&H]
Lupinus rubens Rydberg
pusillus Pursh var. intermontanus (Heller) C. P. Smith = Lupinus pusillus Pursh
rubens Rydberg = Lupinus pusillus Pursh var. rubens (Rydberg) Welsh
rubricaulis Greene = Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. rubricaulis (Greene) Welsh
sericeus Pursh [M&H]
silky lupine
Lupinus bakeri Greene
sierrae-blancae Wooton & Standley subsp. aquilinus (Wooton & Standley) Fleak & D. Dunn =
Lupinus sierrae-blancae Wooton & Standley
+sierrae-blancae Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
White Mountain lupine
Lupinus aquilinus Wooton & Standley
Lupinus sierrae-blancae Wooton & Standley subsp. aquilinus (Wooton & Standley)
Fleak & D. Dunn
sileri S. Watson = Lupinus kingii S. Watson
sitgreavei S. Watson = Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. argenteus
sparsiflorus Bentham subsp. mohavensis Dziekanowski & D. Dunn : Reported by M&H, but no NM
specimens have been located of this more western taxon.
Macroptilium bush-bean
Buhrow, R. 1983. The wild beans of southwestern North America. Desert Plants 5(2):67-88.
gibbosifolium (Ortega) A. Delgado [Buhrow 1983; M&H; W&S]
bush-bean
Phaseolus gibbosifolius Ortega
Phaseolus heterophyllus Willdenow var. heterophyllus
Phaseolus heterophyllus Willdenow var. rotundifolius (Gray) Piper
Phaseolus macropoides Gray
Phaseolus rotundifolius Gray
Marina prairie-clover
Barneby, R.C. 1977. Daleae Imagines. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 27:1-892.
calycosa (Gray) Barneby [Barneby 1977; M&H; W&S]
San Pedro prairie-clover
Dalea calycosa Gray
Parosela calycosa (Gray) Heller
Mariosousa acacia
Jawad, J.T., D.S. Seigler, & J.E. Ebinger. 2000. A systematic treatment of Acacia coulteri (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae)
and similar species in the New World. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 87:528-548. [Acacia millefolia]
Seigler, D.S., J.E. Ebinger, & J.T. Miller. 2006. Mariosousa, a new segregate genus from Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae,
Mimosoideae) from Central and North America. Novon 16(3):413-420.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Acacia angustissima suffrutescens, Acacia millefolia]
millefolia (S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger [Jawad et al. 2000; Spellenberg et al. 1986]
milfoil acacia
Acacia millefolia S. Watson
Medicago medick
Small, E. & M. Jomphe. 1989. A synopsis of the genus Medicago (Leguminosae). Can. J. Bot. 67:3260-3294.
hispida Gaertner = Medicago polymorpha Linnaeus
*lupulina Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
black medick
*polymorpha Linnaeus [M&H]
toothed medick
Medicago hispida Gaertner

306
 *sativa Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
alfalfa
Meibomia arizonica (S. Watson) Vail = Desmodium arizonicum S. Watson
batocaulis (Gray) Kuntze = Desmodium batocaulon Gray
bigelovii (Gray) Kuntze = Desmodium neomexicanum Gray
grahamii (Gray) Kuntze = Desmodium grahamii Gray
metcalfei Rose & Painter = Desmodium metcalfei (Rose & Painter) Kearney & Peebles
neomexicana (Gray) Kuntze = Desmodium neomexicanum Gray
Melilotus sweet-clover
Stevenson, G.A. 1969. An agronomic and taxonomic review of the genus Melilotus Miller Canad. J. Pl. Sci. 49:1-20.
*albus Medikus [M&H; W&S]
white sweet-clover
*indicus (Linnaeus) Allioni [M&H; W&S]
Indian sweet-clover
Melilotus parviflora Desfontaines
Trifolium melilotus-indica Linnaeus
*officinalis (Linnaeus) Pallas [M&H; W&S]
yellow sweet-clover
Trifolium melilotus-officinalis Linnaeus
parviflora Desfontaines = Melilotus indicus (Linnaeus) Allioni
Mimosa mimosa
Barneby, R.C. 1991. Sensitivae Censitae. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 65:1-835.
Isely, D. 1971. Legumes of the United States. IV. Mimosa. Am. Midland Naturalist 85(2):410-424.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Mimosa quadrivalvis var. angustata]
aculeaticarpa Ortega var. biuncifera (Bentham) Barneby [Isely 1998; M&H; W&S]
wait-a-minute-bush
Mimosa biuncifera Bentham
Mimosa biuncifera Bentham var. glabrescens Gray
Mimosa biuncifera Bentham var. lindheimeri (Gray) Robinson
Mimosa flexuosa Bentham
Mimosa lindheimeri Gray
Mimosa warnockii B.L. Turner
Mimosopsis biuncifera (Bentham) Britton & Rose
Mimosopsis biuncifera (Bentham) Britton & Rose var. flexuosa (Bentham) Robinson
Mimosopsis flexuosa (Bentham) Britton & Rose
biuncifera Bentham = Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega var. biuncifera (Bentham) Barneby
biuncifera Bentham var. glabrescens Gray = Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega var. biuncifera (Bentham)
Barneby
biuncifera Bentham var. lindheimeri (Gray) Robinson = Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega var.
biuncifera (Bentham) Barneby
borealis Gray [Barneby 1991; M&H; W&S]
fragrant mimosa
Mimosa fragrans Gray
flexuosa Bentham = Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega var. biuncifera (Bentham) Barneby
dysocarpa Bentham [Barneby 1991; M&H; W&S]
velvety mimosa
Mimosa dysocarpa Bentham var. wrightii (Gray) Kearney & Peebles
Mimosa wrightii Gray
dysocarpa Bentham var. wrightii (Gray) Kearney & Peebles = Mimosa dysocarpa Bentham
fragrans Gray = Mimosa borealis Gray
grahamii Gray var. grahamii [Barneby 1991; M&H; W&S]
Graham’s mimosa
Mimosa grahamii Gray var. lemmonii (Gray) Kearney & Peebles
Mimosa lemmonii Gray
grahamii Gray var. lemmonii (Gray) Kearney & Peebles = Mimosa grahamii Gray var. grahamii
illinoensis Michaux = Desmanthus illinoensis (Michaux) MacMillan ex B.L. Robinson & Fernald
lemmonii Gray = Mimosa grahamii Gray
lindheimeri Gray = Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega var. biuncifera (Bentham) Barneby

307
 *quadrivalvis Linnaeus var. angustata (Torrey & Gray) Barneby [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
sensitive briar
Schrankia angustata Torrey & Gray
Schrankia uncinata Willdenow
quadrivalvis Linnaeus var. occidentalis (Wooton & Standley) Barneby [Barneby 1991;
M&H; W&S]
western sensitive briar
Leptoglottis occidentalis (Wooton & Standley) Britton & Rose
Mimosa rupertiana B.L. Turner
Morongia occidentalis Wooton & Standley
Schrankia occidentalis (Wooton & Standley) Standley
rupertiana B.L. Turner = Mimosa quadrivalvis Linnaeus var. occidentalis (Wooton & Standley)
Barneby
warnockii B.L. Turner = Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega var. biuncifera (Bentham) Barneby
wrightii Gray = Mimosa dysocarpa Bentham
Mimosopsis biuncifera (Bentham) Britton & Rose = Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega var. biuncifera
(Bentham) Barneby
biuncifera (Bentham) Britton & Rose var. flexuosa (Bentham) Robinson = Mimosa aculeaticarpa
Ortega var. biuncifera (Bentham) Barneby
flexuosa (Bentham) Britton & Rose = Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega var. biuncifera (Bentham)
Barneby
Morongia occidentalis Wooton & Standley = Mimosa quadrivalvis Linnaeus var. occidentalis (Wooton &
Standley) Barneby
Onobrychis sainfoin
onobrychis (Linnaeus) Rydberg = Onobrychis viciifolia Scopoli
sativa Lamarck = Onobrychis viciifolia Scopoli
*viciifolia Scopoli [M&H; W&S]
sainfoin
Hedysarum onobrychis Linnaeus
Onobrychis onobrychis (Linnaeus) Rydberg
Onobrychis sativa Lamarck
Oxytropis crazyweed
Barneby, R.C. 1952. A revision of the North American species of Oxytropis A.P. de Candolle Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.
27(7):177-312.
Sivinski, R. 1993. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 40:273-274. [Oxytropis deflexa var. deflexa]
Welsh, S.L. 1995. North American types of Oxytropis A.P. de Candolle (Leguminosae) at the Natural History
Museum and Royal Botanic Garden, England, with nomenclatural comments and a new variety. Great Basin
Naturalist 55:271-281.
Welsh, S.L. 2001. Revision of North American species of Oxytropis A.P. de Candolle (Leguminosae). Publ. by the
author.
deflexa (Pallas) A.P. de Candolle var. deflexa of NM works = Oxytropis deflexa (Pallas) A.P. de
Candolle var. pulcherrima Welsh & A. Huber
deflexa (Pallas) A.P. de Candolle var. pulcherrima Welsh & A. Huber [Sivinski 1993; W&S;
Welsh 1995]
drooping crazyweed
Oxytropis deflexa (Pallas) A.P. de Candolle var. deflexa of NM works
deflexa (Pallas) A.P. de Candolle var. sericea Torrey & Gray [M&H; Welsh 2001]
drooping crazyweed
lambertii Pursh var. articulata (Greene) Barneby [Barneby 1952]
Lambert’s crazyweed
Aragallus articulatus Greene
lambertii Pursh var. bigelovii Gray [M&H; W&S; Welsh 2001]
Bigelow’s crazyweed
nothoxys (Gray) M.E. Jones = Astragalus nothoxys Gray
parryi Gray [M&H; W&S; Welsh 2001]
Parry’s crazyweed
Aragallus parryi (Gray) Greene
Astragalus parryanus Tidestrom
pinetorum (Heller) Wooton & Standley = Oxytropis sericea Nuttall

308
 richardsonii (Hooker) Wooton & Standley = Oxytropis splendens Douglas
sericea Nuttall var. sericea [M&H; W&S; Welsh 2001]
white crazyweed
Aragallus pinetorum Heller
Aragallus pinetorum Heller var. vegana Cockerell
Oxytropis pinetorum (Heller) Wooton & Standley
Oxytropis vegana (Cockerell) Wooton & Standley
splendens Douglas ex Hooker [M&H; W&S; Welsh 2001]
whorled crazyweed
Aragallus splendens (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene
Oxytropis richardsonii (Hooker) Wooton & Standley
Oxytropis splendens Douglas ex Hooker var. richardsonii Hooker
splendens Douglas ex Hooker var. richardsonii Hooker = Oxytropis splendens Douglas ex Hooker
vegana (Cockerell) Wooton & Standley = Oxytropis sericea Nuttall
Parkinsonia palo-verde
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Parkinsonia aculeata]
*aculeata Linnaeus [Allred 1999]
Mexican palo-verde
Parosela albiflora (Gray) Vail = Dalea albiflora Gray
argyraea (Gray) Heller = Dalea bicolor Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow var. argyraea (Gray)
Barneby
aurea (Nuttall) Britton = Dalea aurea Nuttall
brachystachys (Gray) Heller = Dalea brachystachys Gray
calycosa (Gray) Heller = Marina calycosa (Gray) Barneby
carnescens Rydberg = Dalea nana Torrey ex Gray var. carnescens (Rydberg) Kearney & Peebles
dalea of NM works = Dalea leporina (Aiton) Bullock
enneandra (Nuttall) Britton = Dalea enneandra Nuttall
filiformis (Gray) Heller = Dalea filiformis Gray
formosa (Torrey) Vail = Dalea formosa Torrey
frutescens (Gray) Vail = Dalea frutescens Gray
glaberrima (S. Watson) Rose = Dalea lanata Sprengel var. terminalis (M.E. Jones) Barneby
grayi Vail = Dalea grayi (Vail) L.O. Williams
greggii (Gray) Heller = Dalea greggii Gray
jamesii (Torrey) Vail = Dalea jamesii (Torrey) Torrey & Gray
lachnostachys (Gray) Heller = Dalea lachnostachya Gray
lanata (Sprengel) Britton = Dalea lanata Sprengel
lemmonii (Parry) Heller : Reported by Campbell & Little (1935), but the identification is correct to
Dalea brachystachys Gray.
nana (Torrey) Heller = Dalea nana Torrey
ordiae (Gray) Heller = Dalea albiflora Gray
pogonathera (Gray) Vail = Dalea pogonathera Gray
polygonoides (Gray) Heller = Dalea polygonoides Gray
scoparia (Gray) Heller = Psorothamnus scoparius (Gray) Rydberg
terminalis (M.E. Jones) Heller = Dalea lanata Sprengel var. terminalis (M.E. Jones) Barneby
urceolata (Greene) Standley = Dalea urceolata Greene
wrightii (Gray) Vail = Dalea wrightii Gray
Parryella dune-broom
Rydberg, P.A. 1928. Parryella. Amer. J. Bot. 15:425-426.
filifolia Torrey & Gray ex Gray [M&H; W&S]
dune-broom
Pediomelum breadroot
Grimes, J.W. 1990. A revision of the New World species of Psoraleae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae). Mem. N.Y.
Bot. Gard. 61:1-113.
argophyllum (Pursh) Grimes [M&H; W&S]
silver-leaf breadroot
Psoralea argophylla Pursh
Psoralidium argophyllum (Pursh) Rydberg
digitatum (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) Grimes [M&H]
palm-leaf breadroot

309
 Psoralea digitata Nuttall
Psoralidium digitatum (Nuttall) Rydberg
esculentum (Pursh) Rydberg [M&H]
Indian breadroot
Psoralea esculenta Pursh
hypogaeum (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
subterranean breadroot
Psoralea hypogaea Nuttall
linearifolium (Torrey & Gray) Grimes [Isely 1998]
narrow-leaf breadroot
Psoralea linearifolia Torrey & Gray
Psoralidium linearifolium (Torrey & Gray) Rydberg
megalanthum (Wooton & Standley) Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
Intermountain breadroot
Psoralea megalantha Wooton & Standley
pentaphyllum (Linnaeus) Grimes [M&H]
small breadroot
Psoralea pentaphylla Linnaeus
Psoralea trinervata (Rydberg) Standley
Pediomelum trinervatum Rydberg
trinervatum Rydberg = Pediomelum pentaphyllum (Linnaeus) Grimes
Petalostemon arenicola Wemple = Dalea purpurea Ventenat var. arenicola (Wemple) Barneby
candidum (Willdenow) Michaux var. candidum = Dalea candida Willdenow var. candida
candidum (Willdenow) Michaux var. oligophyllum (Torrey) F.J. Hermann = Dalea candida
Willdenow var. oligophylla (Torrey) Shinners
compactum of NM reports = Dalea cylindriceps Barneby
compactum (Sprengel) Swezey = Dalea compacta Sprengel
exilis Gray = Dalea exigua Barneby
gracilis Nuttall var. oligophyllum Torrey = Dalea candida Muhlenberg ex Willdenow var. candida
macrostachyum Torrey = Dalea cylindriceps Barneby
molle Rydberg = Dalea purpurea Ventenat var. purpurea
occidentalis (Gray ex Heller) Fernald = Dalea candida Willdenow var. oligophylla (Torrey) Shinners
oligophyllum (Torrey) Rydberg = Dalea candida Willdenow var. oligophylla (Torrey) Shinners
prostratum Wooton & Standley = Dalea scariosa S. Watson
pulcherrimum of NM reports = Dalea cylindriceps Barneby
pulcherrimum (Heller) Heller = Dalea compacta Sprengel var. pubescens (Gray) Barneby
purpureum (Ventenat) Rydberg = Dalea purpurea Ventenat var. purpurea
purpureum (Ventenat) Rydberg var. molle (Rydberg) A. Nelson = Dalea purpurea Ventenat var.
purpurea
scariosum (S. Watson) Wemple = Dalea scariosa S. Watson
tenuifolium Gray = Dalea tenuifolia (Gray) Shinners
villosum Nuttall = Dalea villosa (Nuttall) Sprengel var. villosa
violaceum Michaux = Dalea purpurea Ventenat var. purpurea
Peteria peteria
Porter, C.L. 1956. The genus Peteria (Leguninosae). Rhodora 58:344-354.
scoparia Gray [M&H; W&S]
rush peteria
Phaca allochroa (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus allochrous Gray var. allochrous
australis Linnaeus = Astragalus australis (Linnaeus) Lamarck
bisulcata Hooker = Astragalus bisulcatus (Hooker) Gray var. bisulcatus
elegans Hooker var. minor Hooker = Astragalus robbinsii (Oakes) Gray var. minor (Hooker)
Barneby
glabriuscula Hooker = Astragalus australis (Linnaeus) Lamarck
lotiflora (Hooker) Torrey & Gray = Astragalus lotiflorus Hooker
macrocarpa Gray = Astragalus lonchocarpus Torrey
robbinsii Oakes = Astragalus robbinsii (Oakes) Gray var. minor (Hooker) Barneby
sabulonum (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus sabulonum Gray
salsula Pallas = Sphaerophysa salsula (Pallas) A.P. de Candolle
thurberi (Gray) Kearney = Astragalus thurberi Gray

310
 villosa James ex S. Watson = Astragalus mollissimus Torrey var. mollissimus
wootonii (Sheldon) Rydberg = Astragalus allochrous Gray var. playanus (M.E. Jones) Isely
Phacopsis pattersonii (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus pattersonii Gray in Brandegee
Phaseolus bean
Buhrow, R. 1983. The wild beans of southwestern North America. Desert Plants 5(2):67-88.
Lackey, J.A. 1983. A review of generic concepts in American Phaseolinae (Fabaceae), Faboideae). Iselya 2(2):21-64.
Nabhan, G.P. & R.S. Felger. 1978. Teparies in southwestern North America. Econ. Bot. 32:3-19.
acutifolius Gray var. acutifolius [M&H; W&S]
tepary bean
Phaseolus acutifolius Gray var. latifolius Freeman
acutifolius Gray var. latifolius Freeman = Phaseolus acutifolius Gray var. acutifolius
acutifolius Gray var. tenuifolius Gray [M&H; W&S]
tepary bean
Phaseolus tenuifolius (Gray) Wooton & Standley
angustissimus Gray var. angustissimus [M&H; W&S]
narrow-leaf bean
angustissimus Gray var. latus M.E. Jones [M&H; W&S]
narrow-leaf bean
Phaseolus dilatatus Wooton & Standley
dilatatus Wooton & Standley = Phaseolus angustissimus Gray var. latus M.E. Jones
filiformis Bentham [M&H]
slimjim bean
Phaseolus wrightii Gray
gibbosifolius Ortega = Macroptilium gibbosifolium (Ortega) A. Delgado
grayanus Wooton & Standley = Phaseolus pedicellatus Bentham var. grayanus (Wooton & Standley)
Delgado ex Isely
heterophyllus Willdenow var. heterophyllus = Macroptilium gibbosifolium (Ortega) A. Delgado
heterophyllus Willdenow var. rotundifolius (Gray) Piper = Macroptilium gibbosifolium (Ortega) A.
Delgado
leiospermus Torrey & Gray = Strophostyles leiosperma (Torrey & Gray) Piper
macropoides Gray = Macroptilium gibbosifolium (Ortega) A. Delgado
maculatus Scheele [M&H; W&S]
spotted bean
Phaseolus metcalfei Wooton & Standley
Phaseolus retusus Bentham, non Moench
metcalfei Wooton & Standley = Phaseolus maculatus Scheele
parvulus Greene [M&H; W&S]
Pinos Altos bean
Alepidocalyx parvulus (Greene) Piper
Phaseolus grayanus Wooton & Standley
pedicellatus Bentham var. grayanus (Wooton & Standley) Delgado ex Isely [M&H; W&S]
Sonoran bean
Phaseolus grayanus Wooton & Standley
Phaseolus wrightii Gray var. grayanus (Wooton & Standley) Kearney & Peebles
pauciflora = Phaseolus leiospermus Torrey & Gray
retusus Bentham, non Moench = Phaseolus maculatus Scheele
rotundifolius Gray = Macroptilium gibbosifolium (Ortega) A. Delgado
tenuifolius (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Phaseolus acutifolius Gray var. tenuifolius Gray
wrightii Gray = Phaseolus filiformis Bentham
wrightii Gray var. grayanus (Wooton & Standley) Kearney & Peebles = Phaseolus pedicellatus
Bentham var. grayanus (Wooton & Standley Delgado ex Isely
Pisophaca datilensis Rydberg = Astragalus humistratus Gray var. humistratus
famelica (Sheldon) Rydberg = Astragalus hallii Gray var. fallax Barneby
flexuosa (Douglas) Rydberg = Astragalus flexuosus (Hooker) Douglas ex G. Don var. flexuosus
gertrudis (Greene) Rydberg = Astragalus puniceus Osterhout var. gertrudis (Greene) Barneby
hallii (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus hallii Gray var. hallii
neomexicana (Wooton & Standley) Rydberg = Astragalus neomexicana Wooton & Standley
proxima Rydberg = Astragalus proximus (Rydberg) Wooton & Standley

311
 punicea (Osterhout) Rydberg = Astragalus puniceus Osterhout var. puniceus
ratonensis Rydberg = Astragalus flexuosus (Hooker) Douglas ex G. Don var. flexuosus
sierrae-blancae Rydberg = Astragalus flexuosus (Hooker) Douglas ex G. Don var. flexuosus
Poinciana gilliesii Wallich ex Hooker = Caesalpinia gilliesii (Wallich ex Hooker) Wallich ex D. Dietrich
Pomaria pomaria
Simpson, B.B. 1998. A revision of Pomaria (Fabaceae) in North America. Lundellia 1:46-71.
jamesii (Torrey & Gray) Walpers [M&H; W&S]
James’s hog-potato
Caesalpinia jamesii (Torrey & Gray) Fisher
Hoffmannseggia jamesii Torrey & Gray
Prosopis mesquite
Benson, L. 1941. The mesquites and screw-beans of the United States. Amer. J. Bot. 28:748-754.
Burkart, A. 1976. A monograph of the genus Prosopis (Leguminosae subfamily Mimosoideae). J. Arnold Arb.
57:219-249, 450-525.
Johnston, M.C. 1962. The North American mesquites, Prosopis sect. Algarobia (Leguminosae). Brittonia 14:72-90.
glandulosa Torrey var. glandulosa [M&H; W&S]
honey mesquite
glandulosa Torrey var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston [M&H]
Torrey’s honey mesquite
Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) A.P. de Candolle var. torreyana L. Benson
juliflora (Swartz) A.P. de Candolle var. torreyana L. Benson = Prosopis glandulosa Torrey var.
torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston
juliflora (Swartz) A.P. de Candolle var. velutina (Wooton) Sargent = Prosopis velutina Wooton
odorata (Torrey & Fremont) Torrey & Fremont emend. Welsh = Prosopis pubescens Bentham
pubescens Bentham [M&H; W&S]
screwbean mesquite, tornillo
Prosopis odorata (Torrey & Fremont) Torrey & Fremont emend. Welsh
Strombocarpa pubescens (Bentham) Gray
velutina Wooton [M&H; W&S]
velvet mesquite
Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) A.P. de Candolle var. velutina (Wooton) Sargent
Psoralea argophylla Pursh = Pediomelum argophyllum (Pursh) Grimes
digitata Nuttall = Pediomelum digitatum (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) Grimes
esculenta Pursh = Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydberg
hypogaea Nuttall = Pediomelum hypogaeum (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) Rydberg
lanceolata Pursh = Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydberg
leporina Aiton = Dalea leporina (Aiton) Bullock
linearifolia Torrey & Gray = Pediomelum linearifolium (Torrey & Gray) Grimes
megalantha Wooton & Standley = Pediomelum megalanthum (Wooton & Standley) Rydberg
micrantha Torrey = Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydberg
pentaphylla Linnaeus = Pediomelum pentaphyllum (Linnaeus) Grimes
tenuiflora Pursh var. bigelovii (Rydberg) Macbride = Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydberg
tenuiflora Pursh var. tenuiflora = Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydberg
trinervata (Rydberg) Standley = Pediomelum pentaphyllum (Linnaeus) Grimes
Psoralidium scurf-pea
Grimes, J.W. 1990. A revision of the New World species of Psoraleae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae). Mem. N.Y.
Bot. Gard. 61:1-113.
argophyllum (Pursh) Rydberg = Pediomelum argophyllum (Pursh) Grimes
bigelovii Rydberg = Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydberg
digitatum (Nuttall) Rydberg = Pediomelum digitatum (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) Grimes
lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
wild scurf-pea
Psoralea lanceolata Pursh
Psoralea micrantha Torrey
Psoralidium micranthum (Gray) Rydberg
linearifolium (Torrey & Gray) Rydberg = Pediomelum linearifolium (Torrey & Gray) Grimes
micranthum (Gray) Rydberg = Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydberg
tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
slender scurf-pea

312
 Psoralidium bigelovii Rydberg
Psoralea tenuiflora Pursh
Psoralea tenuiflora Pursh var. bigelovii (Rydberg) Macbride
Psorothamnus dalea
Barneby, R.C. 1977. Daleae Imagines. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 27:1-892.
scoparius (Gray) Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
broom dalea, broom smokebush
Dalea scoparia Gray
Dalea scoparia Gray var. subrosea Cockerell
Parosela scoparia (Gray) Heller
Rhynchosia snout-bean
Grear, J.W. 1978. A revision of the New World species of Rhynchosia (Leguminosae- Faboideae). Mem. N.Y. Bot.
Gard. 31(1):1-168.
Johnston, M.C. 1984. Rhynchosia senna var. texana, new combination made necessary by the Demoulin Rule.
Phytologia 54:474.
senna Gillies ex Hooker var. angustifolia (Gray) Grear = Rhynchosia senna Gillies ex Hooker var.
texana (Torrey & Gray) M.C. Johnston
senna Gillies ex Hooker var. texana (Torrey & Gray) M.C. Johnston [M&H; W&S]
Texas snout-bean
Dolicholus texanus (Torrey & Gray) Vail
Rhynchosia senna Gillies ex Hooker var. angustifolia (Gray) Grear
Rhynchosia texana Torrey & Gray
texana Torrey & Gray = Rhynchosia senna Gillies ex Hooker var. texana (Torrey & Gray) M.C.
Johnston
Robinia locust
Isely, D. & F.J. Peabody. 1984. Robinia (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae). Castanea 49:187-202.
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp. [Robinia
hispida]
*hispida Linnaeus [Great Plains Flora Association 1977]
bristly locust
luxurians (Dieck) Rydberg = Robinia neomexicana Gray var. neomexicana
neomexicana Gray var. neomexicana [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico locust
Robinia luxurians (Dieck) Rydberg
Robinia subvelutina Rydberg
neomexicana Gray var. rusbyi (Wooton & Standley) Martin & Hutchins ex Peabody
[M&H; W&S]
Rusby’s locust
Robinia rusbyi Wooton & Standley
*pseudo-acacia Linnaeus [M&H]
black locust
rusbyi Wooton & Standley = Robinia neomexicana Gray var. rusbyi (Wooton & Standley) Martin &
Hutchins ex Peabody
subvelutina Rydberg = Robinia neomexicana Gray var. neomexicana
Rydbergiella pattersonii (Gray) Fedde & Sydow = Astragalus pattersonii Gray in Brandegee
Schrammia caudata (A. Gray) Britton & Rose = Hoffmannseggia caudata A. Gray
Schrankia angustata Torrey & Gray = Mimosa quadrivalvis Linnaeus var. angustata (Torrey & Gray)
Barneby
occidentalis (Wooton & Standley) Standley = Mimosa quadrivalvis Linnaeus var. occidentalis
(Wooton & Standley) Barneby
uncinata Willdenow = Mimosa quadrivalvis Linnaeus var. angustata (Torrey & Gray) Barneby
Securigera varia (Linnaeus) Lassen = Coronilla varia Linnaeus
Senegalia acacia
Seigler, D.S., J.E. Ebinger and J.T. Miller. 2006. The genus Senegalia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from the New
World. Phytologia 88: 38-93.
greggii (Gray) Britton & Rose [M&H; W&S]
catclaw
Acacia greggii Gray
Acacia greggii Gray var. arizonica Isely

313
 roemeriana (Scheele) Britton & Rose [M&H]
Roemer acacia
Acacia roemeriana Scheele
Senna senna
Irwin, H.S. & R.C. Barneby. 1982. The American Cassinae, a synoptical revision of Leguminosae tribe Cassieae
subtribe Cassinae in the New World. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35:1-918.
Isely, D. 1998. Native and naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States. Monte L. Bean Life Science
Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. 1007 pp. [Senna orcuttii]
Simpson, B.B. & B. Miao. 1997. The circumscription of Hoffmannseggia (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae, Caesalpinieae)
and it allies using morphological and cpDNA restriction site data. Pl. Syst. Evol. 205:157-178.
bauhinioides (Gray) Irwin & Barneby [M&H; W&S]
two-leaf senna
Cassia bauhinioides Gray
Cassia bauhinioides Gray var. arizonica Robinson
Earleocassia bauhinioides (Gray) Britton & Rose
covesii (Gray) Irwin & Barneby [M&H; W&S]
Coues’s senna
Cassia covesii Gray
Earleocassia covesii (Gray) Britton & Rose
hirsuta (Linnaeus) Irwin & Barneby var. glaberrima (M.E. Jones) Irwin & Barneby
[M&H; W&S]
wooly senna
Cassia leptocarpa Bentham var. glaberrima M. E. Jones
lindheimeriana (Scheele) Irwin & Barneby [M&H; W&S]
Lindheimer senna
Cassia lindheimeriana Scheele
Earleocassia lindheimeriana (Scheele) Britton
orcuttii (Britton & Rose) Irwin & Barneby [Isely 1998]
Orcutt’s senna
Cassia orcuttii (Britton & Rose) B.L. Turner
roemeriana (Scheele) Irwin & Barneby [M&H; W&S]
Roemer senna
Cassia roemeriana Scheele
Earleocassia roemeriana (Scheele) Britton
wislizeni (Gray) Irwin & Barneby [M&H; W&S]
Wislizenus’s senna
Cassia wislizeni Gray
Sophora sophora
Northington, D.K. 1976. Evidence bearing on the origin of infraspecific disjunction in Sophora gypsophila. Plant Syst.
Evol. 125:233-44.
Sivinski, R.C. 1991. Status report on Sophora gypsophila var. guadalupensis. For U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
New Mexico Ecological Services Field Office, Albuquerque.
Turner, B.L. & A.M. Powell. 1972. A new gypsophilic Sophora from north- central Mexico and adjacent Texas.
Phytologia 22:419-23.
gypsophila Turner & Powell var. guadalupensis Turner & Powell [Sivinski 1991]
Guadalupe Mountain sophora
nuttalliana B.L. Turner [M&H; W&S]
silky sophora
Sophora sericea Nuttall
secundiflora (Ortega) Lagasca ex A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S]
mescal bean
Broussonetia secundiflora Ortega
sericea Nuttall = Sophora nuttalliana B.L. Turner
stenophylla Gray [M&H; W&S]
silvery sophora
Sphaerophysa bladder-vetch
Barneby, R.C. 1964. Sphaerophysa. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 13:1162-1164.
Hershey, A.L. & P.J. Leyendecker, Jr. 1944. Notes on plants of New Mexico—III. Leaflets of Western Botany
4(2):21-25. [Sphaerophysa salsula]

314
 *salsula (Pallas) A.P. de Candolle [Hershey & Leyendecker 1944; M&H]
red bladder-vetch
Phaca salsula Pallas
Swainsona salsula (Pallas) Taubert
Spiesia nothoxys (Gray) M.E. Jones = Astragalus nothoxys Gray
Strombocarpa pubescens (Bentham) Gray = Prosopis pubescens Bentham
Strophostyles fuzzy-bean
Riley-Hulting, E.T., A. Delgado-Salinas, & M. Lavin. 2004. Phylogenetic systematics of Strophostyles (Fabaceae): A
North American temperate genus within a neotropical diversification. Syst. Bot. 29(3):627-653.
*helvula (Linnaeus) Elliott [Riley-Hulting et al. 2004]
trailing fuzzy-bean
Phaseolus helvulus Linnaeus
leiosperma (Torrey & Gray) Piper [M&H; Riley-Hulting et al. 2004; W&S]
slick fuzzy-bean
Phaseolus leiospermus Torrey & Gray
Phaseolus pauciflora Bentham
Strophostyles pauciflora (Bentham) S. Watson
pauciflora (Bentham) S. Watson = Strophostyles leiosperma (Torry & Gray) Piper
Swainsona salsula (Pallas) Taubert = Sphaerophysa salsula (Pallas) A.P. de Candolle
Tephrosia hoary-pea
Todsen, T.K. 1984. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 31:125. [Tephrosia tenella]
tenella Gray [Todsen 1984]
red hoary-pea
Thermopsis golden-pea
Chen, C.J., M.G. Mendenhall, & B.L. Turner. 1994. Taxonomy of Thermopsis (Fabaceae) in North America. Ann.
Missouri Bot. Gard. 81:714-742.
arenosa A. Nelson = Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nuttall ex Pursh) Nuttall ex Richardson
divaricarpa A. Nelson = Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nuttall ex Pursh) Richardson var. divaricarpa (A.
Nelson) Isely
montana Nuttall = Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nuttall ex Pursh) Richardson var. montana (Nuttall)
Isely
pinetorum Greene = Thermopsis divaricarpa A. Nelson
rhombifolia (Nuttall ex Pursh) Nuttall ex Richardson var. rhombifolia [Chen et al. 1994;
M&H]
golden-pea
Thermopsis arenosa A. Nelson
rhombifolia (Nuttall ex Pursh) Nuttall ex Richardson var. divaricarpa (A. Nelson) Isely
[Chen et al. 1994; M&H; W&S]
golden-pea
Thermopsis divaricarpa A. Nelson
Thermopsis pinetorum Greene
rhombifolia (Nuttall ex Pursh) Nuttall ex Richardson var. montana (Nuttall) Isely [Chen
et al. 1994; M&H; W&S]
golden-pea
Thermopsis montana Nuttall
Tium drummondii (Douglas ex Hooker) Rydberg = Astragalus drummondii Douglas ex Hooker
egglestonii Rydberg = Astragalus egglestonii (Rydberg) Kearney & Peebles
humistratum (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus humistratus Gray var. humistratus
racemosum (Pursh) Rydberg = Astragalus racemosus Pursh var. racemosus
scopulorum (Porter) Rydberg = Astragalus scopulorum T.C. Porter
stenolobum Rydberg = Astragalus scopulorum T.C. Porter
Tragacantha bisulcata (Hooker) Kuntze = Astragalus bisulcatus (Hooker) Gray var. bisulcatus
brandegei (Porter) Kuntze = Astragalus brandegei Porter
cobrensis (Gray) Kuntze = Astragalus cobrensis Gray var. cobrensis
cyanea (Gray) Kuntze = Astragalus cyaneus Gray
diphysa (Gray) Kuntze = Astragalus lentiginosus Douglas ex Hooker var. albiflorus
flaviflora Kuntze = Astragalus flavus Nuttall
hallii (Gray) Kuntze = Astragalus hallii Gray var. hallii
heydeniana (Gray) Kuntze = Astragalus bisulcatus (Hooker) Gray var. bisulcatus

315
 humistrata (Gray) Kuntze = Astragalus humistratus Gray var. humistratus
lotiflora (Hooker) Kuntze = Astragalus lotiflorus Hooker
missouriensis (Nuttall) Kuntze = Astragalus missouriensis Nuttall var. missouriensis
nothoxys (Gray) Kuntze = Astragalus nothoxys Gray
shortiana (Nuttall) Kuntze = Astragalus shortianus Nuttall
sonorae (Gray) Kuntze = Astragalus humistratus Gray var. sonorae (Gray) M.E. Jones
tephrodes (Gray) Kuntze = Astragalus tephrodes Gray var. tephrodes
thurberi (Gray) Kuntze = Astragalus thurberi Gray
vaccarum (Gray) Kuntze = Astragalus vaccarum Gray
Trifolium clover
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Trifolium campestre]
Hall, H.H. & S. Flowers. 1961. Vascular plants found in the Navajo Reservoir Basin, pp. 47-87. IN: D.M. Pendergast
(ed.). Ecological studies of the flora and fauna of Navajo Reservoir Basin, Colorado and New Mexico. Univ.
Utah Anthropological Papers, number 55.
Isely, D. 1980. New combinations and one new variety in Trifolium (Leguminosae). Brittonia 32:55-57.
Zohary, M. & D. Heller. 1984. The Genus Trifolium. The Israel Acadamy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem. 606
pp.
albopurpureum Torrey & A. Gray : Reported by Hall & Flowers (1961), but known only from the
Pacific Coast region; awaits verification.
andinum Nuttall : Reported by Isely’s map (1998) but not his text; upon comparison to other
references, the map seems to be in error; awaits verification.
arizonicum Greene = Trifolium wormskjoldii Lehmann var. arizonicum (Greene) Barneby
attenuatum Greene [Isely 1998; W&S; Zohary & Heller 1984]
Rocky Mountain clover
Trifolium stenolobum Rydberg
brandegei S. Watson [M&H]
Brandegee’s clover
*campestre Schreber [Allred 1999]
lesser hop clover
Trifolium procumbens Linnaeus
dasyphyllum Torrey & Gray var. uintense (Rydberg) Welsh [Isely 1998; M&H].
Uinta clover
Trifolium uintense Rydberg
fendleri Greene = Trifolium wormskjoldii Lehmann var. wormskjoldii
*fragiferum Linnaeus [M&H]
strawberry clover
gracilentum Torrey & Gray [Isely 1998] Note: Isely’s map does not show NM, but he reports a
specimen from Lincoln Co.
pin-point clover
gymnocarpon Nuttall [Isely 1998; M&H; W&S]
holly-leaf clover
Trifolium gymnocarpon Nuttall var. subacaulescens (Gray) A. Nelson
Trifolium subcaulescens Gray
gymnocarpon Nuttall var. subacaulescens (Gray) A. Nelson = Trifolium gymnocarpon Nuttall
*hybridum Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
alsike clover
lacerum Greene = Trifolium wormskjoldii Lehmann var. arizonicum (Greene) Barneby
longicaule Wooton & Standley = Trifolium wormskjoldii Lehmann var. longicaule (Wooton &
Standley) L. Benson
longipes Nuttall var. longipes : Not known from NM [Isely 1998; Zohary & Heller 1984].
longipes Nuttall var. neurophyllum (Greene) Martin ex Isely [M&H; W&S]
long-stalk clover
Trifolium neurophyllum Greene
Trifolium rusbyi Greene subsp. neurophyllum (Greene) Heller & Zohary
longipes Nuttall var. reflexum A. Nelson [Isely 1998; W&S]
long-stalk clover
Trifolium rusbyi Greene subsp. reflexum (A. Nelson) Heller & Zohary
Trifolium rydbergii Greene

316
 longipes Nuttall var. rusbyi (Greene) Harrington [Isely 1998]
long-stalk clover
Trifolium rusbyi Greene
melilotus-indica Linnaeus = Melilotus indicus (Linnaeus) Allioni
melilotus-officinalis Linnaeus = Melilotus officinalis (Linnaeus) Pallas
mucronatum Willdenow ex Sprengel subsp. lacerum (Greene) J.M. Gillett = Trifolium wormskjoldii
Lehmann var. arizonicum (Greene) Barneby
nanum Torrey [M&H; W&S]
tundra clover
neurophyllum Greene = Trifolium longipes Nuttall var. neurophyllum (Greene) Martin ex Isely
parryi Gray [M&H; W&S]
Parry’s clover
pinetorum Greene = Trifolium wormskjoldii Lehmann var. longicaule (Wooton & Standley) L.
Benson
*pratense Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
red clover
procumbens Linnaeus = Trifolium campestre Schreber
*repens Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
white clover
rusbyi Greene = Trifolium longipes Nuttall var. rusbyi (Greene) Harrington
rusbyi Greene subsp. neurophyllum (Greene) Heller & Zohary = Trifolium longipes Nuttall var.
neurophyllum (Greene) Martin ex Isely
rusbyi Greene subsp. reflexum (A. Nelson) Heller & Zohary = Trifolium longipes Nuttall var.
reflexum A. Nelson
rydbergii Greene = Trifolium longipes Nuttall var. reflexum A. Nelson
stenolobum Rydberg = Trifolium attenuatum Greene
subcaulescens Gray = Trifolium gymnocarpon Nuttall
uintense Rydberg = Trifolium dasyphyllum Torrey & Gray var. uintense (Rydberg) Welsh
willdenovii auctores, misapplied = Trifolium wormskjoldii Lehmann var. wormskjoldii
wormskjoldii Lehmann var. arizonicum (Greene) Barneby [M&H]
cusp clover
Trifolium arizonicum Greene
Trifolium lacerum Greene
Trifolium mucronatum Willdenow ex Sprengel subsp. lacerum (Greene) J.M. Gillett
wormskjoldii Lehmann var. longicaule (Wooton & Standley) L. Benson [M&H; W&S]
cusp clover
Trifolium longicaule Wooton & Standley
Trifolium pinetorum Greene
wormskjoldii Lehmann var. wormskjoldii [M&H; W&S]
cusp clover
Trifolium fendleri Greene
Trifolium willdenovii auctores, misapplied
Vachellia acacia
constricta (Bentham) Seigler & Ebinger [M&H; W&S]
western white-thorn acacia
Acacia constricta Bentham
Acacia constricta Bentham var. paucispina Wooton & Standley
vernicosa (Britton & Rose) Seigler & Ebinger [M&H; W&S]
eastern white-thorn acacia
Acacia constricta Bentham var. vernicosa (Standley) L. Benson
Acacia neovernicosa Isely
Acacia vernicosa Standley, not Fitzgerald
Acaciopsis vernicosa Britton & Rose
Viborquia orthocarpa (Gray) Cockerell = Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ortega) Sargent
Vicia vetch
Allred, K.W. & S. Johnson. 2003. A taxonomic review of the tendril-bearing legumes (Leguminosae) in New Mexico:
II. Vicia. The New Mexico Botanist 26:1-5.

317
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp. [Vicia
dasycarpa]
Gunn, C.R. 1968. The Vicia americana complex (Leguminosae). Iowa State J. Sci. 42:171-214.
Lassetter, J.S. 1984. Taxonomy of the Vicia ludoviciana complex (Leguminosae). Rhodora 86:475-505.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Vicia villosa]
americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow [Allred & Johnson 2003; M&H; W&S]
American vetch
Vicia americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow var. linearis (Nuttall) S. Watson
Vicia americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow var. minor Hooker
Vicia americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow subsp. oregana (Nuttall) Abrams
Vicia americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow var. truncata (Nuttall) Brewer
Vicia caespitosa A. Nelson
Vicia dissitifolia (Nuttall) Rydberg
Vicia linearis Nuttall
Vicia linearis Nuttall var. caespitosa (A. Nelson) A. Nelson
Vicia oregana Nuttall
Vicia sparsifolia Nuttall
americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow var. linearis (Nuttall) S. Watson = Vicia americana
Muhlenberg ex Willdenow
americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow var. minor Hooker = Vicia americana Muhlenberg ex
Willdenow
americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow subsp. oregana (Nuttall) Abrams = Vicia americana
Muhlenberg ex Willdenow
americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow var. truncata (Nuttall) Brewer = Vicia americana Muhlenberg
ex Willdenow
angustifolia Linnaeus = Vicia sativa Linnaeus var. angustifolia Linnaeus
caespitosa A. Nelson = Vicia americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow
dasycarpa Tenore = Vicia villosa Roth subsp. varia (Host) F.M.L. Corbière
dissitifolia (Nuttall) Rydberg = Vicia americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow
exigua Nuttall = Vicia ludoviciana Nuttall
leavenworthii Torrey & Gray [=Vicia ludoviciana Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray subsp. leavenworthii
(Torrey & Gray) Lassetter & Gunn] : Reported by M&H and W&S, but Lassetter
(1984) reports this taxon far to the east; awaits further verification.
leucophaea Greene [Allred & Johnson 2003; M&H; W&S]
Mogollon vetch
linearis Nuttall = Vicia americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow
linearis Nuttall var. caespitosa (A. Nelson) A. Nelson = Vicia americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow
ludoviciana Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray subsp. leavenworthii (Torrey & Gray) Lassetter & Gunn :
Reported by M&H and W&S, but Lassetter (1984) reports this taxon far to the east;
needs verification.
ludoviciana Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray subsp. ludoviciana [Allred & Johnson 2003; Lassetter
1984; M&H; W&S]
slim vetch
Vicia exigua Nuttall
melilotoides Wooton & Standley = Vicia pulchella Kunth
oregana Nuttall = Vicia americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow
pulchella Kunth [Allred & Johnson 2003; M&H; W&S]
sweet vetch
Vicia melilotoides Wooton & Standley
*sativa Linnaeus var. angustifolia Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
garden vetch
Vicia angustifolia Linnaeus
Vicia sativa Linnaeus subsp. nigra (Linnaeus) Ehrhart
sativa Linnaeus subsp. nigra (Linnaeus) Ehrhart = Vicia sativa Linnaeus var. angustifolia Linnaeus
sparsifolia Nuttall = Vicia americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow
varia Host = Vicia villosa Roth subsp. varia (Host) F.M.L. Corbière
villosa Roth var. glabrescens W.D.J. Koch = Vicia villosa Roth subsp. varia (Host) F.M.L. Corbière
*villosa Roth subsp. varia (Host) F.M.L. Corbière [Great Plains Flora Association 1977]
winter vetch
318
 Vicia dasycarpa Tenore
Vicia varia Host
Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens W.D.J. Koch
*villosa Roth subsp. villosa [Allred & Johnson 2003; Spellenberg et al. 1986]
wooly vetch
Xylophacos amphioxys (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus amphioxys Gray var. amphioxys
brachylobus (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus tephrodes Gray var. brachylobus (Gray) Barneby
cyaneus (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus cyaneus Gray
iodopetalus Rydberg = Astragalus iodopetalus (Rydberg) Barneby
missouriensis (Nuttall) Rydberg = Astragalus missouriensis Nuttall var. missouriensis
newberryi (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus newberryi Gray
puniceus (Osterhout) Rydberg = Astragalus puniceus Osterhout var. puniceus
shortianus (Nuttall) Rydberg = Astragalus shortianus Nuttall
tephrodes (Gray) Rydberg = Astragalus tephrodes Gray var. tephrodes
vespertinus (Sheldon) Rydberg = Astragalus amphioxys Gray var. vespertinus (Sheldon) M.E. Jones

Family FAGACEAE
Quercus oak
Hershey, A.L. & P.J. Leyendecker, Jr. 1944. Notes on plants of New Mexico – III. Leafl. West. Bot. 4(2):21-25.
[Quercus toumeyi]
Nixon, K.C. 1997. Quercus, pp. 445-506. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
Spellenberg, R., M. Mahrt & R. Brozka. 1991. Noteworthy collections, New Mexico. Madroño 38:298-301. [Quercus
chrysolepis, Quercus palmeri]
Tucker, J.M. 1961. Studies in the Quercus undulata complex. I. A preliminary statement. Amer. J. Bot. 48:202-208.
Tucker, J.M. 1961. Studies in the Quercus undulata complex. II. The contribution of Quercus turbinella. Amer. J.
Bot. 48:329-339.
Tucker, J.M. & J. Maze. 1966. Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) in New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 11:402-405.
[Quercus macrocarpa]
Tucker, J.M. 1970. Studies in the Quercus undulata complex. IV. The contribution of Quercus havardii. Amer. J. Bot.
57:71-84.
arizonica Sargent [Nixon 1997; M&H; W&S]
Arizona oak
chrysolepis Liebmann [Nixon 1997; Spellenberg et al. 1991; W&S]
canyon live oak
Quercus wilcoxii Rydberg
confusa Wooton & Standley = Quercus undulata Torrey pro sp.
diversicolor Trelease = Quercus rugosa Née
emoryi Torrey [Nixon 1997; M&H; W&S]
Emory’s oak
fendleri Liebmann = Quercus undulata Torrey pro sp.
gambelii Nuttall [Nixon 1997; M&H; W&S]
Gambel’s oak
Quercus gunnisonii (Torrey & Gray) Rydberg
Quercus leptophylla Rydberg
Quercus novomexicana (A. A.P. de Candolle) Rydberg
Quercus submollis Rydberg
Quercus utahensis (A. A.P. de Candolle) Rydberg
Quercus vreelandii Rydberg
grisea Liebmann [Nixon 1997; M&H; W&S]
gray oak
gunnisonii (Torrey & Gray) Rydberg = Quercus gambelii Nuttall
havardii Rydberg [Nixon 1997; M&H; W&S]
Havard’s oak, shin-oak
hypoleuca Engelmann = Quercus hypoleucoides A. Camus
hypoleucoides A. Camus [Nixon 1997; M&H; W&S]
silver-leaf oak
Quercus hypoleuca Engelmann
leptophylla Rydberg = Quercus gambelii Nuttall

319
 ×macrocarpa Michaux : Plants of presumably hybrid origin of Quercus gambelii × Quercus
macrocarpa were reported from Union Co. by Tucker & Maze (1966); some of
these plants (though not populations) possibly may be referred to Quercus
macrocarpa.
media Wooton & Standley = Quercus undulata Torrey pro sp.
mohriana Buckley ex Rydberg [Nixon 1997; M&H]
Mohr oak
muhlenbergii Engelmann [Nixon 1997; M&H; W&S]
chinkapin oak
novomexicana (A. A.P. de Candolle) Rydberg = Quercus gambelii Nuttall
oblongifolia Torrey [Nixon 1997; M&H; W&S]
Mexican blue oak
×organensis Trelease : Putative hybrids of Quercus arizonica Sargent × Quercus grisea Liebmann
[Nixon 1997].
palmeri Engelmann : Reported by Spellenberg et al. 1991; NM plants identified as Quercus palmeri
are intermediate between this and Quercus chrysolepis, likely the result of
introgression; they are best classified as Quercus chrysolepis Liebmann aff. Q.
palmeri [Nixon 1997].
pungens Liebmann [Nixon 1997; M&H; W&S]
sandpaper oak
reticulata Humboldt & Bonpland = Quercus rugosa Nee
rugosa Née [Nixon 1997; M&H; W&S]
net-leaf oak
Quercus diversicolor Trelease
Quercus reticulata Humboldt & Bonpland
rydbergiana Cockerell = Quercus undulata Torrey pro sp.
submollis Rydberg = Quercus gambelii Nuttall
toumeyi Sargent [Nixon 1997; Hershey & Leyendecker 1944; M&H]
Toumey’s oak
turbinella Greene [Nixon 1997; M&H; W&S]
desert scrub oak
×undulata Torrey, pro. sp. [M&H; W&S] Note: This is a catch-all name for hybrids involving Quercus
gambelii Nuttall.
wavy-leaf oak
Quercus confusa Wooton & Standley
Quercus fendleri Liebmann
Quercus media Wooton & Standley
Quercus rydbergiana Cockerell
Quercus venustula Greene
utahensis (A. A.P. de Candolle) Rydberg = Quercus gambelii Nuttall
venustula Greene = Quercus undulata Torrey pro sp.
vreelandii Rydberg = Quercus gambelii Nuttall
wilcoxii Rydberg = Quercus chrysolepis Liebmann

Family FOUQUIERIACEAE
Henrickson, J. 1972. A taxonomic revision of Fouquieriaceae. Aliso 7:439-537.
Fouquieria coach-whip
splendens Engelmann [M&H; W&S]
ocotillo

Family FRANKENIACEAE
Frankenia frankenia
jamesii Torrey ex Gray [M&H; W&S]
James’s frankenia

Family FUMARIACEAE
Capnoides aureum (Willdenow) Kuntze = Corydalis aurea Willdenow subsp. aurea

320
 brandegei (S. Watson) Heller = Corydalis caseana Gray subsp. brandegei (S. Watson) G. Ownbey
euchlamydeum Wooton & Standley = Corydalis aurea Willdenow subsp. aurea
montanum (Engelmann) Britton = Corydalis aurea Willdenow subsp. occidentalis (Engelmann) G.
Ownbey
Corydalis golden-smoke
Stern, K.R. 1997. Corydalis, pp. 348-355. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
Ownbey, G.B. 1947. Monograph of the North American species of Corydalis. Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 34:187-260.
aurea Willdenow subsp. aurea [Stern 1997; M&H; W&S]
golden-smoke, scrambled-eggs
Capnoides aureum (Willdenow) Kuntze
Capnoides euchlamydeum Wooton & Standley
aurea Willdenow subsp. occidentalis (Engelmann ex Gray) G. Ownbey [Stern 1997; M&H;
W&S]
golden-smoke, scrambled-eggs
Capnoides montanum (Engelmann) Britton
Corydalis aurea Willdenow var. occidentalis Engelmann
Corydalis curvisiliqua Engelmann subsp. occidentalis (Engelmann ex Gray) W.A. Weber
Corydalis montana Engelmann
brandegei S. Watson = Corydalis caseana Gray subsp. brandegei (S. Watson) G. Ownbey
caseana Gray subsp. brandegei (S. Watson) G. Ownbey [Stern 1997; M&H; W&S]
Sierra golden-smoke
Capnoides brandegei (S. Watson) Heller
Corydalis brandegei S. Watson
curvisiliqua Engelmann subsp. occidentalis (Engelmann ex Gray) W.A. Weber = Corydalis aurea
Willdenow subsp. occidentalis (Engelmann ex Gray) G. Ownbey
montana Engelmann = Corydalis aurea Willdenow subsp. occidentalis (Engelmann ex Gray) G.
Ownbey

Family GARRYACEAE
Garrya silktassel
Dahling, G.V. 1978. Systematics and evolution of Garrya. Contr. Gray Herb. No. 209.
flavescens sensu NM authors = Garrya ovata Bentham subsp. goldmanii (Wooton & Standley)
Dahling
goldmanii Wooton & Standley = Garrya ovata Bentham ssp. goldmanii (Wooton & Standley)
Dahling
ovata Bentham subsp. goldmanii (Wooton & Standley) Dahling [M&H; W&S]
Goldman’s silktassel
Garrya goldmanii Wooton & Standley
wrightii Torrey [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s silktassel

Family GENTIANACEAE
Amarella heterosepala (Engelmann) Greene = Gentianella amarella (Linnaeus) Börner subsp. heterosepala
(Engelmann) Gillett
plebeia (Chamisso) Greene = Gentianella amarella (Linnaeus) Börner subsp. acuta (Michaux) Gillett
scopulorum Greene = Gentianella amarella (Linnaeus) Börner subsp. heterosepala (Engelmann)
Gillett
strictiflora (Rydberg) Greene = Gentianella amarella (Linnaeus) Börner subsp. acuta (Michaux)
Gillett
Anthopogon barbellatus (Engelmann) Rydberg = Gentianopsis barbellata (Engelmann) Iltis
elegans (A. Nelson) Rydberg = Gentianopsis thermalis (Kuntze) Iltis
thermalis (Kuntze) Rydberg = Gentianopsis thermalis (Kuntze) Iltis
Centaurium arizonicum (Gray) Heller = Zeltnera arizonica (Gray) Mansion
calycosum (Buckley) Fernald = Zeltnera calycosa (Buckley) Mansion
exaltatum (Grisebach ex Hooker) W.F. Wight ex Piper = Zeltnera exaltata (Grisebach ex Hooker)
Mansion
maryannum B.L. Turner = Zeltnera maryanna (B.L. Turner) Mansion
nudicaule (Engelmann) B.L. Robinson = Zeltnera nudicaulis (Engelmann) Mansion

321
 texense (Grisebach) Fernald [=Zeltnera texensis (Grisebach ex Hooker) Mansion] : Reported by
M&H & W&S, but this is a species of central Texas; NM plants seem to fit Zeltnera
arizonica or Zeltnera calycosa.
Chironia angularis Linnaeus = Sabatia angularis (Linnaeus) Pursh
Chondrophylla fremontii (Torrey) A. Nelson = Gentiana prostrata Haenke ex Jacquin
Cicendia exaltata Grisebach = Zeltnera exaltata (Grisebach) Mansion
Dasystephana affinis (Grisebach) Rydberg = Gentiana affinis Grisebach
bigelovii (Gray) Rydberg = Gentiana affinis Grisebach
interrupta (Greene) Rydberg = Gentiana affinis Grisebach
parryi (Engelmann) Rydberg = Gentiana parryi Engelmann
romanzovii (Ledebour) Rydberg = Gentiana algida Pallas
rusbyi (Greene) Wooton & Standley = Gentiana affinis Grisebach
Erythraea calycosa Buckley = Zeltnera calycosa (Buckley) Mansion
calycosa Buckley var. arizonica Gray = Zeltnera arizonica (Gray) Mansion
nudicaulis Engelmann = Zeltnera nudicaulis (Engelmann) Mansion
Eustoma prairie gentian
Shinners, L.H. 1957. Synopsis of the genus Eustoma (Gentianaceae). Southwestern Naturalist 2:38-43.
exaltatum (Linnaeus) Salisbury ex G. Don [M&H]
prairie gentian
Eustoma silenifolium Salisbury
Gentiana exaltata Linnaeus
grandiflorum (Rafinesque) Shinners = Eustoma russellianum (Hooker) G. Don ex Sweet
russellianum (Hooker) G. Don in Sweet [M&H; W&S]
Russell’s prairie gentian
Eustoma grandiflorum (Rafinesque) Shinners
Lisianthus russellianus Hooker
silenifolium Salisbury = Eustoma exaltatum (Linnaeus) Salisbury ex G. Dong
Frasera elkweed
Chassot, P., S. Nemomissa, Y.-M. Yuan, & P. Kupfer. 2001. High paraphyly of Swertia L. (Gentianaceae) in the
Gentianella-lineage as revealed by nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence variation. Plant Syst. Evol. 229:1-
21.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Frasera albomarginata]
Holmgren, N. 1984. Gentianaceae, pp. 4-23. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 4. New York Botanical Garden.
St. John, H. 1941. Revision of the genus Swertia (Gentianaceae) of the Americas and the reduction of Frasera. Amer.
Midl. Natural. 26:1-29.
albomarginata S. Watson [Heil et al. 2002]
desert elkweed
Swertia albomarginata (S. Watson) Kuntze
paniculata Torrey [M&H; W&S]
tufted elkweed
Swertia utahensis (M.E. Jones) St. John
speciosa Douglas ex Grisebach [M&H; W&S]
monument plant, showy elkweed
Frasera speciosa Douglas ex Grisebach var. scabra M.E. Jones
Frasera stenosepala Rydberg
Frasera venosa Greene
Swertia radiata (Kellogg) Kuntze
Swertia radiata (Kellogg) Kuntze var. macrophylla (Greene) St. John
speciosa Douglas ex Grisebach var. scabra M.E. Jones = Frasera speciosa Douglas ex Grisebach
stenosepala Rydberg = Frasera speciosa Douglas ex Grisebach
venosa Greene = Frasera speciosa Douglas ex Grisebach
Gentiana gentian
Gillett, J.M. 1957. A revision of the North American species of Gentianella Moench. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
44:195-269.
Iltis, H.H. 1965. The genus Gentianopsis (Gentianaceae): transfers and phytogeographic comments. Sida 2:129-154.
acuta Michaux = Gentianella amarella (Linnaeus) Börner subsp. acuta (Michaux) Gillett
affinis Grisebach [M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain gentian
Dasystephana affinis (Grisebach) Rydberg

322
 Dasystephana bigelovii (Gray) Rydberg
Dasystephana interrupta (Greene) Rydberg
Dasystephana rusbyi (Greene) Wooton & Standley
Gentiana interrupta Greene
Gentiana rusbyi Greene
algida Pallas [M&H; W&S]
arctic gentian
Dasystephana romanzovii (Ledebour) Rydberg
Gentiana romanzovii Ledebour
barbellata Engelmann = Gentianopsis barbellata (Engelmann) Iltis
bigelovii Gray = Gentiana affinis Grisebach
elegans A. Nelson = Gentianopsis thermalis (Kuntze) Iltis
exaltata Linnaeus = Eustoma exaltata (Linnaeus) Salisbury ex G. Don
fremontii Torrey = Gentiana prostrata Haenke ex Jacquin
heterosepala Engelmann = Gentianella amarella (Linnaeus) Börner subsp. heterosepala (Engelmann)
Gillett
interrupta Greene = Gentiana affinis Grisebach
parryi Engelmann [M&H; W&S]
Parry’s gentian
Dasystephana parryi (Engelmann) Rydberg
plebeia Chamisso = Gentianella amarella (Linnaeus) Börner subsp. acuta (Michaux) Gillett
prostrata Haenke ex Jacquin [M&H; W&S]
moss gentian
Chondrophylla fremontii (Torrey) A. Nelson
Gentiana fremontii Torrey
romanzovii Ledebour = Gentiana algida Pallas
rusbyi Greene = Gentiana affinis Grisebach
scopulorum (Greene) Tidestrom = Gentianella amarella (Linnaeus) Börner subsp. heterosepala
(Engelmann) Gillett
strictiflora (Rydberg) A. Nelson = Gentianella amarella (Linnaeus) Börner subsp. acuta (Michaux)
Gillett
tenella Rottboell = Gentianella tenella (Rottboell) Börner subsp. tenella
thermalis Kuntze = Gentianopsis thermalis (Kuntze) Iltis
wislizeni Engelmann (=Gentianella wislizeni (Engelmann) Gillett) : Reported as expected by M&H;
awaits verification.
wrightii Gray = Gentianella amarella (Linnaeus) Börner subsp. wrightii (Gray) Gillett
Gentianella dwarf-gentian
Gillett, J.M. 1957. A revision of the North American species of Gentianella Moench. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
44:195-269.
amarella (Linnaeus) Börner subsp. acuta (Michaux) Gillett [Gillett 1957; M&H; W&S]
dwarf-gentian
Amarella plebeia (Chamisso) Greene
Amarella strictiflora (Rydberg) Greene
Gentiana acuta Michaux
Gentiana plebeia Chamisso
Gentiana strictiflora (Rydberg) A. Nelson
amarella (Linnaeus) Börner subsp. heterosepala (Engelmann) Gillett [Gillett 1957; M&H;
W&S]
dwarf-gentian
Amarella heterosepala (Engelmann) Greene
Amarella scopulorum Greene
Gentiana heterosepala Engelmann
Gentiana scopulorum (Greene) Tidestrom
amarella (Linnaeus) Börner subsp. wrightii (Gray) Gillett [Gillett 1957]
Wright’s dwarf-gentian
Gentiana wrightii Gray
tenella (Rottboell) Börner subsp. tenella [Gillett 1957; M&H]
slender dwarf-gentian
Gentiana tenella Rottboell

323
Gentianopsis fringed-gentian
Iltis, H.H. 1965. The genus Gentianopsis (Gentianaceae): transfers and phytogeographic comments. Sida 2:129-154.
barbellata (Engelmann) Iltis [Iltis 1965; M&H; W&S]
fringed-gentian
Anthopogon barbellatus (Engelmann) Rydberg
Gentiana barbellata Engelmann
thermalis (Kuntze) Iltis [Iltis 1965; M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain gentian
Anthopogon elegans (A. Nelson) Rydberg
Anthopogon thermalis (Kuntze) Rydberg
Gentiana elegans A. Nelson
Gentiana thermalis Kuntze
Halenia spurred-gentian
Pringle, J.S. 2007. Nomenclature of the spurred-gentian of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico,
Halenia rothrockii (Gentianaceae). Madrono 54(4):326-328.
recurva of southwestern authors = Halenia rothrockii Gray Note: The true Halenia recurva (Small) C.K.
Allen is native to Colombia, and does not occur in NM [Pringle 2007].
rothrockii Gray [M&H; Pringle 2007; W&S]
spurred-gentian
Halenia recurva of southwestern authors
Lisianthus russellianus Hooker = Eustoma russellianum (Hooker) G. Don ex Sweet
Lomatogonium marsh-felwort
Fernald, M.L. 1919. Lomatogonium the correct name for Pleurogyne. Rhodora 21:193.
rotatum (Linnaeus) Fries ex Fernald [M&H; W&S]
marsh-felwort
Pleurogyne fontana A. Nelson
Pleurogyne rotata (L.) Grisebach
Swertia rotata Linnaeus
Pleurogyne fontana A. Nelson = Lomatogonium rotatum (Linnaeus) Grisebach
rotata Grisebach = Lomatogonium rotatum (Linnaeus) Grisebach
Sabatia rose-gentian
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Sabatia angularis]
*angularis (Linnaeus) Pursh [Allred 1999]
rose-gentian
Chironia angularis Linnaeus
Swertia star gentian
Chassot, P., S. Nemomissa, Y.-M. Yuan, & P. Kupfer. 2001. High paraphyly of Swertia L. (Gentianaceae) in the
Gentianella-lineage as revealed by nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence variation. Plant Syst. Evol. 229:1-
21.
St. John, H. 1941. Revision of the genus Swertia (Gentianaceae) of the Americas and the reduction of Frasera. Amer.
Midl. Natural. 26:1-29.
albomarginata (S. Watson) = Frasera albomarginata S. Watson
palustris A. Nelson = Swertia perennis Linnaeus
perennis Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
perennial star gentian
Swertia palustris A. Nelson
radiata (Kellogg) Kuntze var. macrophylla (Greene) St. John = Frasera speciosa Douglas ex
Grisebach
radiata (Kellogg) Kuntze = Frasera speciosa Douglas ex Grisebach
rotata Linnaeus = Lomatogonium rotatum (Linnaeus) Fries ex Fernald
utahensis (M.E. Jones) St. John = Frasera paniculata Torrey
Zeltnera centaury
Mansion, G. 2004. A new classification of the polyphyletic genus Centaurium Hill (Chironiinae, Gentianaceae):
description of the New World endemic Zeltnera, and reinstatement of Gyrandra Griseb. and Schenkia
Griseb. Taxon 53(3):719-740.
Turner, B.L. 1993. The Texas species of Centaurium (Gentianaceae). Phytologia 75:259-275.
arizonica (Gray) Mansion [Turner 1993]
Arizona centaury
Centaurium arizonicum (Gray) Heller
Erythraea calycosa Buckley var. arizonica Gray

324
 calycosa (Buckley) Mansion [M&H; W&S]
Buckley’s centaury
Centaurium calycosum (Buckley) Fernald
Erythraea calycosa Buckley
exaltata (Grisebach) Mansion [M&H]
desert centaury
Centaurium exaltatum (Grisebach) W.F. Wight ex Piper
Cicendia exaltata Grisebach
maryanna (B.L. Turner) Mansion [Turner 1993]
gyp centaury
Centaurium maryannum B.L. Turner
nudicaulis (Engelmann) Mansion [Turner 1993]
Santa Catalina centaury
Centaurium nudicaule (Engelmann) B.L. Robinson
Erythraea nudicaulis Engelmann
texensis (Grisebach ex Hooker) Mansion : Reported by M&H & W&S (in Centaurium), but this is a
species of central Texas; NM plants seem to fit Zeltnera arizonica or Zeltnera
calycosa [Turner 1993].

Family GERANIACEAE
Robertson, K.R. 1972. The genera of Geraniaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 53:182-201.
Erodium filaree
*cicutarium (Linnaeus) L'Héretier ex Aiton [M&H; W&S]
filaree, red-stem storkbill
Geranium cicutarium Linnaeus
texanum Gray [M&H; W&S]
Texas filaree
Geranium geranium
Aedo, C. 2000. The genus Geranium L. (Geraniaceae) in North America. I. Annual species. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid
58(1):39-82.
Aedo, C. 2001. The genus Geranium L. (Geraniaceae) in North America. II. Perennial species. Anales Jard. Bot.
Madrid 59(1):3-65. [Geranium wislizeni]
Holmgren, N. 1997. Geranium, pp. 330-336. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 3A. New York Botanical Garden. [G.
viscossimum]
albiflorum Hooker β incisum Torrey & Gray = Geranium viscosissimum Fischer & C.A. Meyer ex
C.A. Meyer var. incisum (Torrey & Gray) N.H. Holmgren
atropurpureum Heller = Geranium caespitosum James
caespitosum James [M&H; W&S]
tufted geranium
Geranium atropurpureum Heller
Geranium caespitosum James var. eremophilum (Wooton & Standley) Martin &
Hutchins ined. [not validly published]
Geranium eremophilum Wooton & Standley
Geranium fremontii Torrey ex Gray
Geranium fremontii Torrey ex Gray var. parryi Engelmann
Geranium furcatum Hanks
Geranium parryi (Engelmann) Heller
caespitosum James var. eremophilum (Wooton & Standley) Martin & Hutchins ined. [This
combination not validly published by M&H; see ICBN, Article 33] = Geranium
caespitosum James
carolinianum Linnaeus [M&H]
Carolina geranium
Geranium langloissi Greene
cicutarium Linnaeus = Erodium cicutarium (Linnaeus) L'Héretier ex Aiton
eremophilum Wooton & Standley = Geranium caespitosum James
fremontii Torrey ex Gray = Geranium caespitosum James
fremontii Torrey ex Gray var. parryi Engelmann = Geranium caespitosum James
furcatum Hanks = Geranium caespitosum James
langloissi Greene = Geranium carolinianum Linnaeus

325
 lentum Wooton & Standley [Aedo 2001; W&S]
New Mexico geranium
nervosum Rydberg = Geranium viscosissimum Fischer & C.A. Meyer ex C.A. Meyer var. incisum
(Torrey & Gray) N.H. Holmgren
parryi (Engelmann) Heller = Geranium caespitosum James
richardsonii Fischer & Trautvetter [M&H; W&S]
Richardson’s geranium
strigosum Rydberg = Geranium viscosissimum Fischer & C.A. Meyer ex C.A. Meyer var. incisum
(Torrey & Gray) N.H. Holmgren
viscosissimum Fischer & C.A. Meyer ex C.A. Meyer var. incisum (Torrey & Gray) N.H.
Holmgren [Holmgren 1997]
sticky geranium
Geranium albiflorum Hooker β incisum Torrey & Gray
Geranium nervosum Rydberg
Geranium strigosum Rydberg
wislizeni S. Watson [Aedo 2001]
Wislizenus’s geranium

Family GROSSULARIACEAE
Grossularia inermis (Rydberg) Coville & Britton = Ribes inerme Rydberg
leptantha (Gray) Coville & Britton = Ribes leptanthum Gray
Ribes currant, gooseberry
Berger, A. 1924. A taxonomic review of currants and gooseberries. New York Agric. Exp. Sta. Techn. Bull. 109:1-
118.
Morin, N.R. 2009. Ribes, p. 8-42. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
Senters, A.E. & D.E. Soltis. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships in Ribes (Grossulariaceae) inferred from ITS sequence
data. Taxon 52:51-66.
Sinnott, Q.P. 1985. A revision of Ribes L. subg. Grossularia (Miller) Persoon sect. Grossularia (Miller) Nuttall
(Grossulariaceae) in North America. Rhodora 87:189-286.
americanum Miller [M&H; W&S]
wild black currant
aureum Pursh var. aureum [M&H; W&S]
golden currant
aureum Pursh var. villosum A.P. de Candolle [Great Plains Flora Association 1977]
golden currant
Ribes odoratum Wendland
cereum Douglas var. cereum [M&H; W&S]
wax currant
Ribes cereum Douglas var. pedicellare Brewer & S. Watson
Ribes inebrians Lindley
cereum Douglas var. pedicellare Brewer & S. Watson = Ribes cereum Douglas
coloradense Coville = Ribes laxiflorum Pursh
inebrians Lindley = Ribes cereum Douglas
inerme Rydberg var. inerme [M&H; W&S]
white-stem gooseberry
Grossularia inermis (Rydberg) Coville & Britton
laxiflorum Pursh [M&H; W&S]
trailing black currant
Ribes coloradense Coville
leptanthum Gray [M&H; W&S]
trumpet gooseberry
Grossularia leptantha (Gray) Coville & Britton
Ribes leptanthum Gray var. veganum Cockerell
leptanthum Gray var. veganum Cockerell = Ribes leptanthum Gray
mescalerium Coville [M&H; W&S]
Mescalero currant
mogollonicum Greene = Ribes wolfii Rothrock

326
 montigenum McClatchie [M&H; W&S]
prickly gooseberry
odoratum Wendland = Ribes aureum Pursh var. villosum A.P. de Candolle
pinetorum Greene [M&H; W&S]
orange gooseberry
viscosissimum Pursh : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
wolfii Rothrock [M&H; W&S]
Wolf’s currant
Ribes mogollonicum Greene

Family GUNNERACEAE sensu stricto : Not in NM; see HALORAGACEAE

Family GUTTIFERAE = CLUSIACEAE

Family HALORAGACEAE
Enydria aquatica Vellozo = Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vellozo) Verdcourt
Hippuris = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Myriophyllum water-milfoil
Adams, T. 1998. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 7:6. [Myriophyllum verticillatum]
Aiken, S.G. 1981. A conspectus of Myriophyllum (Haloragaceae) in North America. Brittonia 33:57-69.
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Myriophyllum aquaticum]
Allred, K.W. 2002. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 21:2. [Myriophyllum aquaticum]
Orchard, A.E. 1981. A revision of South American Myriophyllum (Haloragaceae), and its repercussions on some
Australian and North American species. Brunonia 4:27-65.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Myriophyllum pinnatum]
*aquaticum (Vellozo) Verdcourt [Allred 1999, 2002]
parrot’s feather
Enydria aquatica Vellozo
Myriophyllum brasiliense Cambessèdes
brasiliense Cambessèdes = Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vellozo) Verdcourt
exalbescens Fernald = Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov
heterophyllum Michaux : Reported as expected by M&H map and also by Fernald (1950); awaits
verification.
pinnatum (Walter) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
cut-leaf water-milfoil
Potamogeton pinnatum Walter
sibiricum Komarov [M&H]
Siberian water-milfoil
Myrioiphyllum exalbescens Fernald
Myriophyllum spicatum Linnaeus subsp. exalbescens (Fernald) Hultén
spicatum Linnaeus subsp. exalbescens (Fernald) Hultén = Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov
*spicatum Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
Eurasian water-milfoil
verticillatum Linnaeus [Adams 1998]
whorled water-milfoil

Family HEDERACEAE = APIACEAE

Family HELIOTROPACEAE
Euploca convolvulacea Nuttall = Heliotropium convolvulaceum (Nuttall) Gray
grandiflora Torrey = Heliotropium convolvulaceum (Nuttall) Gray
Heliotropium heliotrope
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey and R. Peterson. 1994. Additions to the native and adventive flora of New Mexico. Phytologia
76(6):473-479. [Heliotropium fruticosum]
convolvulaceum (Nuttall) Gray [M&H; W&S]
trumpet heliotrope
Euploca convolvulacea Nuttall

327
 Euploca grandiflora Torrey
curassavicum Linnaeus var. curassavicum [M&H; W&S]
seaside heliotrope
Heliotropium xerophilum Cockerell
curassavicum Linnaeus var. obovatum A.P. de Candolle [Higgins 1979; M&H]
seaside heliotrope
Heliotropium spathulatum Rydberg
fruticosum Linnaeus [Sivinski et al. 1994]
Key West heliotrope
greggii Torrey [M&H; W&S]
fragrant heliotrope
spathulatum Rydberg = Heliotropium curassavicum Linnaeus var. obovatum A.P. de Candolle
xerophilum Cockerell = Heliotropium curassavicum Linnaeus var. curassavicum

Family HYDRANGEACEAE
Edwinia americana (Torrey & Gray) Heller = Jamesia americana Torrey & Gray var. americana
Fendlera Fendler-bush
cymosa Greene ex Wooton & Standley = Fendlerella utahensis (S. Watson) Heller var. cymosa
(Greene ex Wooton & Standley) Kearney & Peebles
falcata Thornber = Fendlera rupicola Gray var. falcata (Thornber) Rehder
rupicola Gray var. falcata (Thornber) Rehder [W&S]
cliff Fendler-bush
Fendlera falcata Thornber
rupicola Gray var. rupicola [M&H; W&S]
cliff Fendler-bush
rupicola Gray var. wrightii Gray [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s Fendler-bush
Fendlera tomentella Thornber
tomentella Thornber = Fendlera rupicola Gray var. wrightii Gray
Fendlerella Fendler-bush
utahensis (S. Watson) Heller var. cymosa (Greene ex Wooton & Standley) Kearney &
Peebles [M&H; W&S]
Utah Fendler-bush
Fendlera cymosa Greene ex Wooton & Standley
Jamesia cliffbush
Holmgren, N. & P.K. Holmgren. 1989. A taxonomic study of Jamesia (Hydrangeaceae). Brittonia 41:335-350.
americana Torrey & Gray var. americana [Holmgren & Holmgren 1989; M&H; W&S]
cliffbush
Edwinia americana (Torrey & Gray) Heller
Philadelphus mock-orange
Frazier, C. 1995. A taxonomic study of Philadelphus as it occurs in New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 13:1-6.
Hu, S.Y. 1954-56. A monograph of the genus Philadelphus. J. Arnold Arbor. 35:275-333. 36:52-109, 325-368. 37:15-
90.
argenteus Rydberg = Philadelphus microphyllus Gray subsp. argenteus (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock
argyrocalyx Wooton = Philadelphus microphyllus Gray subsp. argyrocalyx (Wooton) C.L.
Hitchcock
argyrocalyx Wooton var. argenteus (Rydberg) Engler = Philadelphus microphyllus Gray subsp.
argenteus (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock
ellipticus Rydberg = Philadelphus microphyllus Gray subsp. argyrocalyx (Wooton) C.L. Hitchcock
hitchcockianus Hu = Philadelphus mearnsii W.H. Evans ex Rydberg
madrensis Hemsley = Philadelphus microphyllus Gray subsp. argenteus (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock
mearnsii W.H.Evans ex Rydberg [Frazier 1995; M&H; W&S]
Mearns’s mock-orange
Philadelpus hitchcockianus Hu
microphyllus Gray subsp. argenteus (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock [Frazier 1995; M&H; W&S]
silver mock-orange
Philadelphus argenteus Rydberg

328
 Philadelphus argyrocalyx Wooton var. argenteus (Rydberg) Engler
Philadelphus madrensis Hemsley
Philadelphus microphyllus Gray var. argenteus (Rydberg) Kearney & Peebles
Philadelphus occidentalis sensu M&H
microphyllus Gray var. argenteus (Rydberg) Kearney & Peebles = Philadelphus microphyllus Gray
subsp. argenteus (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock
+microphyllus Gray subsp. argyrocalyx (Wooton) C.L. Hitchcock [Frazier 1995; M&H;
W&S]
little-leaf mock-orange
Philadelphus argyrocalyx Wooton
Philadelphus ellipticus Rydberg
Philadelphus serpyllifolius Gray subsp. argyrocalyx (Wooton) Hitchcock
Philadelphus serpyllifolius Gray var. argyrocalyx (Wooton) M.E. Jones
Philadelphus wootonii Hu
microphyllus Gray subsp. microphyllus [Frazier 1995; M&H; W&S]
little-leaf mock-orange
Philadelphus microphyllus Gray var. ovatus Hu
microphyllus Gray var. ovatus Hu = Philadelphus microphyllus Gray subsp. microphyllus
occidentalis sensu M&H = Philadelphus microphyllus Gray subsp. argenteus (Rydberg) C.L.
Hitchcock
serpyllifolius Gray s.s. : Reported by M&H, but no verifying specimens have been found [Frazier
1995].
serpyllifolius Gray subsp. argyrocalyx (Wooton) Hitchcock = Philadelphus microphyllus Gray
subsp. argyrocalyx (Wooton) C.L. Hitchcock
serpyllifolius Gray var. argyrocalyx (Wooton) M.E. Jones = Philadelphus microphyllus Gray subsp.
argyrocalyx (Wooton) C.L. Hitchcock
wootonii Hu = Philadelphus microphyllus Gray subsp. argyrocalyx (Wooton) C.L. Hitchcock

Family HYDROPHYLLACEAE
Andropus carnosus (Wooton) Brand = Nama carnosum (Wooton) C. L. Hitchcock
Conanthus angustifolius (Gray) Heller = Nama dichotomum (Ruiz & Pavon) Choisy
carnosus Wooton = Nama carnosum (Wooton) C.L. Hitchcock
hispidus (Gray) Heller = Nama hispidum Gray
Ellisia Ellis-weed
nyctelea Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
Aunt Lucy
Macrocalyx nyctelea (Linnaeus) Kuntze
Nyctelea nyctelea (Linnaeus) Britton
Eucrypta hide-seed
micrantha (Torrey) Heller [M&H; W&S]
dainty hide-seed
Macrocalyx micrantha (Torrey) Coville
Nyctelea micrantha (Torrey) Wooton & Standley
Phacelia micrantha Torrey
Eutoca sericea Graham = Phacelia sericea (Graham) Gray
Hydrolea dichotoma Ruiz & Pavon = Nama dichotomum (Ruiz & Pavon) Choisy
Hydrophyllum waterleaf
fendleri (Gray) Heller var. fendleri [M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s waterleaf
Hydrophyllum occidentale (S. Watson) Gray var. fendleri Gray
occidentale (S. Watson) Gray var. fendleri Gray = Hydrophyllum fendleri (Gray) Heller var. fendleri
Macrocalyx micrantha (Torrey) Coville = Eucrypta micrantha (Torrey) Heller
nyctelea (Linnaeus) Kuntze = Ellisia nyctelea Linnaeus
Marilaunidium angustifolium (Gray) Kuntze = Nama dichotomum (Ruiz & Pavon) Choisy
foliosum Wooton & Standley = Nama hispidum Gray
hispidum (Gray) Kuntze = Nama hispidum Gray
tenue Small = Nama hispidum Gray
tenue Wooton & Standley, not Small = Nama dichotomum (Ruiz & Pavon) Choisy

329
 xylopodum Wooton & Standley = Nama xylopodum (Wooton & Standley) C. L. Hitchcock
Nama fiddleleaf
Bacon, J.D. 1984. Chromosome numbers and taxonomic notes in the genus Nama (Hydrophyllaceae). II. Sida 10:267-
275. [Nama stevensii]
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Nama hispidum mentzelii, Nama retrorsum]
angustifolium (Gray) A. Nelson = Nama dichotomum (Ruiz & Pavon) Choisy
biflorum Choisy var. spathulatum Torrey = Nama hispidum Gray
carnosum (Wooton) C. L. Hitchcock [M&H; W&S]
sand fiddleleaf
Andropus carnosus (Wooton) Brand
Conanthus carnosus Wooton
dichotomum (Ruiz & Pavon) Choisy [M&H; W&S]
wishbone fiddleleaf
Conanthus angustifolius (Gray) Heller
Hydrolea dichotoma Ruiz & Pavon
Marilaunidium angustifolium (Gray) Kuntze
Marilaunidium tenue Wooton & Standley, not Small
Nama angustifolium (Gray) A. Nelson
Nama dichotomum (Ruiz & Pavon) Choisy var. angustifolium Gray
Nama tenue (Wooton & Standley) Tidestrom
dichotomum (Ruiz & Pavon) Choisy var. angustifolium Gray = Nama dichotomum (Ruiz & Pavon)
Choisy
foliosum (Wooton & Standley) Tidestrom = Nama hispidum Gray
hispidum Gray [M&H; W&S]
purple roll-leaf, sandbells
Conanthus hispidus (Gray) Heller
Marilaunidium foliosum Wooton & Standley
Marilaunidium hispidum (Gray) Kuntze
Marilaunidium tenue Small
Nama biflorum Choisy var. spathulatum Torrey
Nama hispidum Gray var. mentzelii Brand
Nama hispidum Gray var. spathulatum (Torrey) C.L. Hitchcock
hispidum Gray var. mentzelii Brand = Nama hispidum Gray
hispidum Gray var. spathulatum (Torrey) C.L. Hitchcock = Nama hispidum Gray
retrorsum J.T. Howell [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
Betatakin fiddleleaf
stevensii C.L. Hitchcock [Bacon 1984]
Stevens’s fiddleleaf
tenue (Wooton & Standley) Tidestrom = Nama dichotomum (Ruiz & Pavon) Choisy
xylopodum (Wooton & Standley) C. L. Hitchcock [M&H; W&S]
yellow-seed fiddleleaf
Marilaunidium xylopodum Wooton & Standley
Nyctelea micrantha (Torrey) Wooton & Standley = Eucrypta micrantha (Torrey) Heller
nyctelea (Linnaeus) Britton = Ellisia nyctelea Linnaeus
Phacelia scorpion-weed
Atwood, N.D. 1975. A revision of the Phacelia crenulatae group (Hydrophyllaceae) for North America. Great Basin
Naturalist 35:127-190.
Atwood, N.D. 2007. Six new species of Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae) from Arizona and New Mexico. Novon 17:403-
416.
Atwood, N.D. & S.L. Welsh. 2005. New species of Mentzelia (Loasaceae) and Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae) from New
Mexico. Western North American Naturalist 65(3):365-370. [Phacelia sivinskii]
Gillett, G.W. 1961. An experimental study of variation in the Phacelia sericea complex. Amer. J. Bot. 48:1-7.
Hartman, R.L. 1973. New plant records for New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 18(2):241-242. [Phacelia
denticulata]
Knight, P.J. 1984. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 31:63. [Phacelia splendens]
Sivinski, R. 1993. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 40:273-274. [Phacelia cephalotes]
Sivinski, R. & K. Lightfoot, eds. 1994. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of New Mexico. New Mexico
Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Misc. Publ. No. 3. [Phacelia serrata]
Soreng, R. 1984. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 31:126. [Phacelia demissa]
Worthington, R.D. 2005. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 34:7. [Phacelia cryptantha]

330
affinis Gray [M&H]
limestone scorpion-weed
alba Rydberg [Atwood 1975; M&H; W&S]
white scorpion-weed
Phacelia neomexicana Thurber var. alba (Rydberg) Brand
arizonica Gray [Atwood 1975; M&H; W&S]
Arizona scorpion-weed
Phacelia popei Torrey & Gray var. arizonica (Gray) Voss
bakeri (Brand) Macbride [Atwood 1975]
Baker’s scorpion-weed
Phacelia crenulata Torrey ex S. Watson var. bakeri Brand
bombycina Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
Mangas Spring scorpion-weed
Phacelia tenuipes Wooton & Standley
caerulea Greene [M&H; W&S]
sky-blue scorpion-weed
Phacelia intermedia Wooton
campestris A. Nelson = Phacelia ivesiana Torrey
cephalotes Gray [Sivinski 1993]
virgin scorpion-weed
+cloudcroftensis N.D. Atwood [Atwood 2007]
Cloudcroft scorpion-weed
congesta Hooker [M&H]
caterpillars
congesta Hooker var. rupestris (Greene) Macbride = Phacelia rupestris Greene
corrugata A. Nelson = Phacelia crenulata Torrey
crenulata Torrey ex S. Watson [M&H; W&S]
notched scorpion-weed
Phacelia corrugata A. Nelson
Phecelia crenulata Torrey ex S. Watson var. corrugata
crenulata Torrey ex S. Watson var. corrugata = Phacelia crenulata Torrey ex S. Watson
cryptantha Greene [Worthington 2005]
small-flower scorpion-weed
crenulata Torrey ex S. Watson var. bakeri Brand = Phacelia bakeri (Brand) Macbride
demissa Gray [Soreng 1984; W&S]
intermountain scorpion-weed
denticulata Osterhout [Hartman 1973; M&H]
Rocky Mountain scorpion-weed
depauperata Wooton & Standley = Phacelia popei Torrey & Gray
glandulosa Nuttall : Reported by W&S, but not occurring in NM [Atwood 1975].
heterophylla Pursh [W&S]
two-leaf scorpion-weed
integrifolia Torrey var. integrifolia [M&H]
gypsum scorpion-weed
integrifolia Torrey var. texana (Voss) Atwood [Atwood 1975]
gypsum scorpion-weed
Phacelia texana Voss
intermedia Wooton = Phacelia caerulea Greene
ivesiana Torrey [M&H]
Ives scorpion-weed
Phacelia campestris A. Nelson
micrantha Torrey = Eucrypta micrantha (Torrey) Heller
neomexicana Thurber var. alba (Rydberg) Brand = Phacelia alba Rydberg
neomexicana Thurber ex Torrey [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico scorpion-weed
Phacelia neomexicana Thurber ex Torrey var. pseudoarizonica (Brand) Voss

331
 neomexicana Thurber ex Torrey var. pseudoarizonica (Brand) Voss = Phacelia neomexicana
Thurber ex Torrey
palmeri Torrey ex S. Watson : Reported by Kartesz (1999) for NM, supposedly based on a report in
Atwood (1975), but this is an error.
pinkavae N.D. Atwood [Atwood 2007]
Pinkava’s scorpion-weed
popei Torrey & Gray var. arizonica (Gray) Voss = Phacelia arizonica Gray
popei Torrey & Gray [Atwood 1975; M&H; W&S]
Pope’s scorpion-weed
Phacelia depauperata Wooton & Standley
Phacelia popei Torrey & Gray var. similis (Wooton & Standley) Voss
Phacelia similis Wooton & Standley
popei Torrey & Gray var. similis (Wooton & Standley) Voss = Phacelia popei Torrey & Gray
rupestris Greene [Atwood 1975; M&H; W&S]
rock scorpion-weed
Phacelia congesta Hooker var. rupestris (Greene) Macbride
sericea (Graham) Gray [M&H; W&S]
purplefringe
Eutoca sericea Graham
serrata J. Voss [Sivinski & Lightfoot 1994]
saw-tooth scorpion-weed
similis Wooton & Standley = Phacelia popei Torrey & Gray
+sivinskii Atwood, Knight, & Lowrey [Atwood & Welsh 2005]
Sivinski’s scorpion-weed
splendens Eastwood [Knight 1984]
patchy scorpion-weed
texana Voss = Phacelia integrifolia Torrey var. texana (Voss) Atwood
tenuipes Wooton & Standley = Phacelia bombycina Wooton & Standley

Family HYPERICACEAE
Hypericum St. John’s-wort
Robson, N.K.B. 2002. Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae) 4(2). Section 9. Hypericum sensu lato (part 2):
subsection 1. Hypericum series 1. Hypericum. Bull Nat. Hist. Mus., Bot. 32:61-123.
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Hypericum perforatum]
formosum Kunth : Robson (2002) applies this name to central Mexican populations distinct from
ours.
scouleri Hooker [M&H; W&S]
St. John’s-wort
Hypericum formosum Kunth var. scouleri (Hooker) Coulter
formosum Kunth var. scouleri (Hooker) Coulter = Hypericum scouleri Hooker
perforatum Linnaeus [Peterson 2000]
St. John’s-wort, Klamath weed

Family JUGLANDACEAE
Juglans walnut
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Juglans nigra]
Whittemore, A.T. & D.E. Stone. Juglans, pp. 425-428. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
major (Torrey) Heller [M&H; W&S]
Arizona walnut
Juglans rupestris Engelmann ex Torrey var. major Torrey
microcarpa Berlandier var. microcarpa [M&H; W&S]
little walnut
Juglans rupestris Engelmann ex Torrey
nigra Linnaeus [Hartman et al. 2006]
black walnut

332
 rupestris Engelmann ex Torrey = Juglans microcarpa Berlandier
rupestris Engelmann ex Torrey var. major Torrey = Juglans major (Torrey) Heller

Family KOEBERLINIACEAE
Koeberlinia crucifixion-thorn
Holmes, W.C., K.L. Yip, & A.E. Rushing. 2008. Taxonomy of Koeberlinia (Koeberliniaceae). Brittonia 60(2):171-
184.
spinosa Zuccarini var. wivaggii Holmes, Yip, & Rushing [Holmes et al. 2008; M&H; W&S]
crucifixion-thorn, crown-of-thorns

Family KRAMERIACEAE
Krameria ratany
Simpson, B.B. 1989. Krameriaceae. Flora Neotropica 49:1-108.
canescens Gray = Krameria grayi Rose & Painter
erecta Willdenow ex Schultes [M&H; W&S]
range ratany
Krameria glandulosa Rose & Painter
Krameria parvifolia Bentham var. glandulosa (Rose & Painter) Macbride
glandulosa Rose & Painter = Krameria erecta Willdenow ex Schultes
grayi Rose & Painter [M&H]
white ratany
Krameria canescens Gray
lanceolata Torrey [M&H; W&S]
trailing ratany
Krameria secundiflora auctores non A.P. de Candolle
parvifolia Bentham var. glandulosa (Rose & Painter) Macbride = Krameria erecta Willdenow ex
Schultes
secundiflora auctores non A.P. de Candolle = Krameria lanceolata Torrey

Family LABIATAE = LAMIACEAE

Family LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE)

[Menthaceae]
Agastache giant-hyssop
Sanders, R.W. 1981. New taxa and combinations in Agastache (Lamiaceae). Brittonia 33(2):194-197.
Sanders, R.W. 1987. Taxonomy of Agastache section Brittonastrum (Lamiaceae-Nepeteae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 15.
Worthington, R.. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 16:7. [Agastache pallidiflora
havardii]
breviflora (Gray) Epling [M&H] Note: Sanders (1987) did not include NM in his distribution; perhaps
merits verification.
Chiricahua giant-hyssop
Cedronella breviflora Gray
cana (Hooker) Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
mosquito-plant
Cedronella cana Hooker
greenei (Briquet) Wooton & Standley = Agastache pallidiflora (Heller) Rydberg subsp. pallidiflora
var. greenei (Briquet) R. Sanders
lanceolata Standley = Agastache rupestris (Greene) Standley
mearnsii Wooton & Standley : Reported by W&S and M&H for NM, but the type (Mearns 2251,
San Luis Mountains, Chihuahua) is south of the NM border, and the taxon has been
circumscribed to not include NM elements of Agastache pallidiflora [Sanders
1987]; not yet known from NM.
micrantha (Gray) Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
white giant-hyssop
Cedronella micrantha Gray
neomexicana (Briquet) Standley = Agastache pallidiflora (Heller) Rydberg subsp. neomexicana
(Briquet) Lint & Epling var. neomexicana (Briquet) R. Sanders

333
 +pallidiflora (Heller) Rydberg subsp. neomexicana (Briquet) Lint & Epling var.
neomexicana (Briquet) R. Sanders [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico giant-hyssop
Agastache neomexicana (Briquet) Standley
Brittonastrum neomexicanum Briquet
pallidiflora (Heller) Rydberg subsp. pallidiflora var. gilensis R.W. Sanders [Sanders 1981]
Gila giant-hyssop
pallidiflora (Heller) Rydberg subsp. pallidiflora var. greenei (Briquet) R. Sanders [W&S]
Greene’s giant-hyssop
Agastache greenei (Briquet) Wooton & Standley
Brittonastrum greenei Briquet
pallidiflora (Heller) Rydberg subsp. pallidiflora var. havardii (Gray) R. Sanders
[Worthington 2000]
Havard’s giant-hyssop
Cedronella breviflora A.Gray var. havardii Gray
pallidiflora (Heller) Rydberg subsp. pallidiflora var. pallidiflora [M&H; W&S]
mountain giant-hyssop
Brittonastrum pallidiflorum Heller
+pringlei (Briquet) Lint & Epling var. verticillata (Wooton & Standley) R. Sanders
[M&H; W&S]
Pringle’s giant-hyssop
Agastache verticillata Wooton & Standley
rupestris (Greene) Standley [M&H; W&S]
thread-leaf giant-hyssop
Agastache lanceolata Standley
Cedronella rupestris Greene
verticillata Wooton & Standley = Agastache pringlei (Briquet) Lint & Epling var. verticillata
(Wooton & Standley) R. Sanders
wrightii (Greenman) Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s giant-hyssop
Brittonastrum wrightii (Greenman) Robinson
Cedronella wrightii Greenman
Brittonastrum neomexicanum Briquet = Agastache pallidiflora (Heller) Rydberg subsp. neomexicana
(Briquet) Lint & Epling var. neomexicana (Briquet) R. Sanders
greenei Briquet = Agastache pallidiflora (Heller) Rydberg subsp. pallidiflora var. greenei (Briquet)
R. Sanders
pallidiflorum Heller = Agastache pallidiflora (Heller) Rydberg subsp. pallidiflora var. pallidiflora
wrightii (Greenman) Robinson = Agastache wrightii (Greenman) Wooton & Standley
Calamintha arkansana (Nuttall) Shinners = Satureja arkansana (Nuttall) Briquet
Cedronella breviflora Gray = Agastache breviflora (Gray) Epling
breviflora A.Gray var. havardii Gray = Agastache pallidiflora (Heller) Rydberg subsp. pallidiflora
var. havardii (Gray) R. Sanders
cana Hooker = Agastache cana (Hooker) Wooton & Standley
micrantha Gray = Agastache micrantha (Gray) Wooton & Standley
rupestris Greene = Agastache rupestris (Greene) Standley
wrightii Greenman = Agastache wrightii (Greenman) Wooton & Standley
Clinopodium vulgare Linnaeus = Satureja vulgaris (Linnaeus) Fritsch
Dracocephalum dragonhead
parviflorum Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
dragonhead
Moldavica parviflora (Nuttall) Britton
Hedeoma false-pennyroyal
Hall, H.H. & S. Flowers. 1961. Vascular plants found in the Navajo Reservoir Basin, pp. 47-87. IN: D.M. Pendergast
(ed.). Ecological studies of the flora and fauna of Navajo Reservoir Basin, Colorado and New Mexico. Univ.
Utah Anthropological Papers, number 55.
Irving, R.S. 1979. Hedeoma todsenii (Labiatae), a new and rare species from New Mexico. Madroño 26:184-187.
[Hedeoma todsenii]
Irving, R.S. 1980. The systematics of Hedeoma (Labiatae). Sida 8:218-295.

334
 Sivinski, R. & K. Lightfoot, eds. 1995. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of New Mexico. New Mexico
Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Misc. Publ. No. 4. [Hedeoma apiculata]
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Hedeoma dentata]
apiculata Stewart [Sivinski & Lightfoot 1995]
McKittrick’s false-penneyroyal
arkansana Nuttall = Satureja arkansana (Nuttall) Briquet
ciliata Nuttall = Hedeoma drummondii Bentham [M&H]
convisae A. Nelson = Hedeoma costata Gray var. pulchella (Greene) Irving
costata Gray var. pulchella (Greene) Irving [Irving 1980; M&H; W&S]
ribbed false-pennyroyal
Hedeoma convisae A. Nelson
Hedeoma pulchella Greene
dentata Torrey [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
Arizona false-pennyroyal
dentata Torrey var. nana Torrey = Hedeoma nana (Torrey) Briquet
diffusa Greene : Reported by Hall & Flowers (1961); awaits verification.
drummondii Bentham [M&H; W&S]
Drummond’s false-pennyroyal
Hedeoma ciliata Nuttall
Hedeoma lata Small
Hedeoma sancta Small
hyssopifolia Gray [M&H; W&S]
aromatic false-pennyroyal
incana Torrey = Poliomintha incana (Torrey) Gray
lata Small = Hedeoma drummondii Bentham
nana (Torrey) Briquet [M&H; W&S]
dwarf false-pennyroyal
Hedeoma dentata Torrey var. nana Torrey
Hedeoma thymoides Gray
oblongifolia (Gray) Heller var. oblongifolia [M&H; W&S]
oblong-leaf false-pennyroyal
Hedeoma piperita Bentham var. oblongifolia Gray
Hedeoma thymoides Gray var. oblongifolia Gray
piperita Bentham var. oblongifolia Gray = Hedeoma oblongifolia (Gray) Heller
plicata Torrey [M&H; W&S]
veiny false-pennyroyal
pulchella Greene = Hedeoma costata Gray var. pulchella (Greene) Irving
+pulcherrima Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
Mescalero false-pennyroyal
reverchonii Gray var. serpyllifolia (Small) Irving [Irving 1980]
Reverchon’s false-pennyroyal
Hedeoma serpyllifolia Small
sancta Small = Hedeoma drummondii Bentham
serpyllifolia Small = Hedeoma reverchonii Gray var. serpyllifolia (Small) Irving
thymoides Gray = Hedeoma nana (Torrey) Briquet
thymoides Gray var. oblongifolia Gray = Hedeoma oblongifolia (Gray) Heller
+todsenii Irving [Irving 1979]
Todsen’s false-pennyroyal
Isanthus brachiatus (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg = Trichostema brachiatum Linnaeus
Lamium henbit
Mennema, J. 1989. A taxonomic revision of Lamium (Lamiaceae). Leiden Bot. Ser. 11:1-198.
*amplexicaule Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
henbit
Leonurus motherwort
*cardiaca Linnaeus subsp. cardiaca [M&H]
motherwort

335
Lycopus water-horehound
Henderson, N.C. 1962. A taxonomic revision of the genus Lycopus (Labiatae). Amer. Midl. Naturalist 68:95-138.
americanus Muhlenberg ex W. Barton [Henderson 1962; M&H; W&S]
American water-horehound
Lycopus sinuatus Elliott
asper Greene [Henderson 1962; M&H; W&S]
rough water-horehound
Lycopus lucidus of American authors, not Turczaninow
lucidus of American authors, not Turczaninow = Lycopus asper Greene
sinuatus Elliott = Lycopus americanus Muhlenberg ex W. Barton
Madronella parvifolia (Greene) Rydberg = Monardella odoratissima Bentham
Marrubium horehound
*vulgare Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
horehound
Melosmon laciniatum (Torrey) Small = Teucrium laciniatum Torrey
Mentha mint
arvensis Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
field mint
Mentha canadensis Linnaeus
Mentha arvensis Linnaeus var. penardi Briquet
Mentha arvensis Linnaeus var. villosa (Bentham) S.R. Stewart
Mentha penardi (Briquet) Rydberg
arvensis Linnaeus var. penardi Briquet = Mentha arvensis Linnaeus
arvensis Linnaeus var. villosa (Bentham) S.R. Stewart = Mentha arvensis Linnaeus
canadensis Linnaeus = Mentha arvensis Linnaeus
penardi (Briquet) Rydberg = Mentha arvensis Linnaeus
*×rotundifolia (Linnaeus) Hudson [longifolia×suaveolens] [M&H; W&S]
hybrid mint
Mentha spicata Linnaeus var. rotundifolia Linnaeus
*spicata Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
spearmint
Mentha spicata Linnaeus var. viridis Linnaeus
Mentha viridis Linnaeus
spicata Linnaeus var. rotundifolia Linnaeus = Mentha ×rotundifolia (Linnaeus) Hudson
spicata Linnaeus var. viridis Linnaeus = Mentha spicata Linnaeus
viridis Linnaeus = Mentha spicata Linnaeus
Moldavica parviflora (Nuttall) Britton = Dracocephalum parviflorum Nuttall
Monarda beebalm
McClintock, E. & C. Epling. 1942. A review of the genus Monarda. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 20:147-194.
Prather, L.A. & J.A. Keith. 2003. Monarda humilis (Lamiaceae), a new combination for a species from New Mexico,
and a key to the species of section Cheilyctis. Novon 13:104-109.
Scora, R. 1967. Interspecific relationships in the genus Monarda (Labiatae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 41:1-59.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Monarda citriodora]
Turner, B.L. 1994. Taxonomic treatment of Monarda (Lamiaceae) for Texas and Mexico. Phytologia 77:56-79.
austromontana Epling = Monarda citriodora Cervantes subsp. austromontana (Epling) Scora
citriodora Cervantes ex Lagasca subsp. austromontana (Epling) Scora [M&H; W&S]
lemon beebalm
Monarda austromontana Epling
citriodora Cervantes ex Lagasca subsp. citriodora [Spellenberg et al. 1986; W&S]
lemon beebalm
Monarda tenuiaristata (Gray) Small
comata Rydberg = Monarda fistulosa Linnaeus var. menthifolia (Graham) Fernald
fistulosa Linnaeus var. menthifolia (Graham) Fernald [M&H; W&S]
Oswego tea
Monarda comata Rydberg
Monarda menthifolia Graham
Monarda stricta Wooton

336
 +humilis (Torrey) Prather & Keith [Prather & Keith 2003]
low beebalm
Monarda punctata Linnaeus var. humilis Torrey
lasiodonta (Gray) Small = Monarda punctata Linnaeus var. lasiodonta Gray
menthifolia Graham = Monarda fistulosa Linnaeus var. menthifolia (Graham) Fernald
pectinata Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
plains beebalm
punctata Linnaeus var. humilis Torrey = Monarda humilis (Torrey) Prather & Keith
punctata Linnaeus var. lasiodonta Gray : Regarded by Turner (1994) as a taxon separate from var.
occidentalis in eastern and southern Texas.
Monarda lasiodonta (Gray) Small
punctata Linnaeus var. occidentalis (Epling) Palmer & Steyermark [M&H; W&S]
spotted beebalm
Monarda punctata Linnaeus subsp. occidentalis Epling
punctata Linnaeus subsp. occidentalis Epling = Mondarda punctata Linnaeus var. occidentalis
(Epling) Palmer & Steyermark
stricta Wooton = Monarda fistulosa Linnaeus var. menthifolia (Graham) Fernald
tenuiaristata (Gray) Small = Monarda citriodora Cervantes subsp. citriodora
Monardella mountainbalm
Epling, C. 1925. Monograph of the genus Monardella. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 12:1-106.
odoratissima Bentham [M&H; W&S]
fragrant mountainbalm
Madronella parvifolia (Greene) Rydberg
Monardella parvifolia Greene
parvifolia Greene = Monardella odoratissima Bentham
Nepeta catnip
*cataria Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
catnip
Physostegia false dragonhead
Cantino, P.D. 1982. A monograph of the genus Physostegia (Labiatae). Contr. Gray Herb. No. 211:1-105.
praemorsa Shinners = Physostegia virginiana (Linnaeus) Bentham subsp. praemorsa (Shinners)
Cantino
serotina Shinners = Physostegia virginia (Linnaeus) Bentham subsp. praemorsa (Shinners) Cantino
virginiana (Linnaeus) Bentham subsp. praemorsa (Shinners) Cantino [Cantino 1982; M&H]
obedient-plant
Physostegia praemorsa Shinners
Physostegia serotina Shinners
Poliomintha Rosemary-mint
Irving, R.S. 1972. A revision of the genus Poliomintha (Labiatae). Sida 5:8-22.
incana (Torrey) Gray [M&H; W&S]
hoary Rosemary-mint
Hedeoma incana Torrey
Prunella selfheal
Allred, K.W. 2007. Plant distribution reports [Prunella vulgaris hispida]. The New Mexico Botanist 37:7.
pennsylvanica Willdenov var. lanceolata Barton = Prunella vulgaris Linnaeus var. lanceolata
(Barton) Hultén
vulgaris Linnaeus var. hispida Bentham [Allred 2007]
self-heal
vulgaris Linnaeus var. lanceolata (Barton) Hultén [M&H; W&S]
selfheal
Prunella pennsylvanica Willdenov var. lanceolata Barton
Salazaria mexicana Torrey : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
Salvia sage
Marley, G.A. & W.L. Wagner. 1981. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 28:41-43. [Salvia microphylla
wislizeni]
Sivinski, R. 1997. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 5:8. [Salvia texana]
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, & R. Peterson. 1994. Additions to the native and adventive flora of New Mexico. Phytologia
76(6):473-479. [Salvia pratensis]

337
 Spellenberg, R.S., D. Anderson, & R. Brozka. 1993. Noteworthy Collections: New Mexico. Madroño 40:136-138.
[Salvia davidsonii]
Walker, J.B. & W.J. Elisens. 2001. A revision of Salvia section Heterosphace (Lamiaceae) in western North America.
Sida 19(3):571-589.
Worthington, R.D. 1982. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico-Texas). Madroño 29:217. [Salvia summa]
arizonica Gray : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
azurea Michaux ex Lamarck var. grandiflora Bentham [M&H; W&S]
blue sage
Salvia azurea Michaux ex Lamarck subsp. pitcheri (Torrey) Epling
Salvia azurea Michaux ex Lamarck var. pitcheri (Torrey) Sheldon
Salvia pitcheri Torrey
azurea Michaux ex Lamarck subsp. pitcheri (Torrey) Epling = Salvia azurea Michaux ex Lamarck
var. grandiflora Bentham
azurea Michaux ex Lamarck var. pitcheri (Torrey) Sheldon = Salvia azurea Michaux ex Lamarck
var. grandiflora Bentham
ballotiflora Bentham var. pinguifolia Fernald = Salvia pinguifolia (Fernald) Wooton & Standley
columbariae Bentham var. columbariae [M&H]
California sage
confinis Fernald = Salvia parryi Gray
davidsonii Greenman = Salvia henryi Gray
earlei Wooton & Standley = Salvia farinacea Bentham
farinacea Bentham [M&H; W&S]
mealy-cup sage
Salvia earlei Wooton & Standley
henryi Gray [M&H; W&S; Walker & Elisens 2001]
crimson sage
Salvia davidsonii Greenman
lancifolia sensu W&S = Salvia reflexa Hornemann
lemmonii Gray [M&H; Marley & Wagner 1981]
Lemmon’s sage
Salvia microphylla Kunth var. wislizeni Gray
lycioides Gray [M&H; W&S]
canyon sage
Salvia ramosissima Fernald
microphylla Kunth var. wislizeni Gray = Salvia lemmonii Gray
parryi Gray : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
Salvia confinis Fernald
pinguifolia (Fernald) Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
rocky sage
Salvia ballotiflora Bentham var. pinguifolia Fernald
Salvia vinacea Wooton & Standley
pitcheri Torrey = Salvia azurea Lamarck var. grandiflora Bentham
*pratensis Linnaeus [Sivinski et al. 1994]
meadow sage
ramosissima Fernald = Salvia lycioides Gray
reflexa Hornemann [M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain sage
Salvia lancifolia sensu W&S
subincisa Bentham [M&H; W&S]
saw-tooth sage
summa A. Nelson [M&H; Walker & Elisens 2001; Worthington 1982]
great sage
texana (Scheele) Torrey [Sivinski 1997]
Texas sage
vinacea Wooton & Standley = Salvia pinguifolia (Fernald) Wooton & Standley
Satureja wild-basil
Gleason, H.A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Satureja, pp. 439-440. IN: Manual of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern United
States and Adjacent Canada, 2nd ed. New York Botanical Garden.

338
 Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Satureja arkansana]
arkansana (Nuttall) Briquet [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
limestone wild-basil
Calamintha arkansana (Nuttall) Shinners
Hedeoma arkansana Nuttall
vulgaris (Linnaeus) Fritsch [M&H; W&S]
wild-basil
Clinopodium vulgare Linnaeus
Scutellaria skullcap
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp.
[Scutellaria lateriflora]
Paton, A. 1990. A global taxonomic investigation of Scutellaria (Labiatae). Kew Bull. 45:399-450.
Turner, B.L. 1994. A taxonomic overview of Scutellaria, section Resinosa (Lamiaceae). Phytologia 76(5):345-382.
Turner, B.L. & P.G. Delprete. 1996. Nutlet sculpturing in Scutellaria sect. Resinosa (Lamiaceae) and its taxonomic
utility. Pl. Syst. Evol. 199:109-120.
brittonii Porter [M&H]
Britton’s skullcap
drummondii Bentham var. edwardsiana B.L. Turner [Turner 1994; M&H; W&S]
Edward’s Plateau skullcap
*galericulata Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
hooded skullcap
lateriflora Linnaeus [Great Plains Flora Association 1977]
mad dog skullcap
potosina Brandegee var. tessellata (Epling) B.L. Turner [M&H; Turner 1994]
Mexican skullcap
Scutellaria resinosa of NM authors
Scutellaria tessellata Epling
resinosa of NM authors : Reported by M&H, but NM material is referred to Scutellaria potosina
Brandegee var. tessellata (Epling) B.L. Turner [Turner 1994].
tessellata Epling = Scutellaria potosina Brandegee var. tessellata (Epling) B.L. Turner
wrightii Gray : Not yet known from NM [Turner 1994].
Stachys hedge-nettle
coccinea Jacquin [M&H; W&S]
scarlet hedge-nettle
palustris Linnaeus subsp. pilosa (Nuttall) Epling = Stachys pilosa Nuttall var. pilosa
pilosa Nuttall var. pilosa [M&H; W&S]
hairy hedge-nettle
Stachys palustris Linnaeus subsp. pilosa (Nuttall) Epling
Stachys scopulorum Greene
rothrockii Gray [M&H; W&S]
Rothrock’s hedge-nettle
scopulorum Greene = Stachys palustris Linnaeus subsp. pilosa (Nuttall) Epling
Teucrium germander
McClintock, E. & C. Epling. 1946. A revision of Teucrium in the New World, with observations on its variation,
geographical distribution and history. Brittonia 5:491-510.
canadense Linnaeus var. angustatum Gray [M&H]
American germander
canadense Linnaeus var. occidentale (Gray) McClintock & Epling [M&H; W&S]
American germander
Teucrium occidentale Gray
cubense Jacquin var. densum Jepson [M&H]
coastal germander
Teucrium depressum Small
depressum Small = Teucrium cubense Jacquin var. densum Jepson
laciniatum Torrey [M&H; W&S]
lacy germander
Melosmon laciniatum (Torrey) Small

339
 occidentale Gray = Teucrium canadense Linnaeus var. occidentale (Gray) McClintock & Epling
Trichostema bluecurls
Lewis, H. 1945. A revision of the genus Trichostema. Brittonia 5:276-303. [Isanthus arizonicum, Isanthus
brachiatus]
arizonicum Gray [M&M; W&S]
Arizona bluecurls
brachiatum Linnaeus [Lewis 1945]
fluxweed
Isanthus brachiatus (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg
Vitex chaste-tree
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Vitex agnus-castus]
*agnus-castus Linnaeus [Peterson 2000]
chaste-tree

Family LEGUMINOSAE = FABACEAE

Family LENTIBULARIACEAE
[Pinguiculaceae]
Utricularia bladderwort
Johnson, W.T. 1987. Bladderwort, Arizona's carnivorous wildflower. Desert Plants 8(3):140-141.
Taylor, P. 1989. The genus Utricularia - a taxonomic monograph. Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 14:1-724.
macrorhiza LeConte [M&H; W&S]
greater bladderwort
Utricularia vulgaris of North American reports
vulgaris of North American reports = Utricularia macrorhiza LeConte

Family LINACEAE
Cathartolinum aristatum (Engelmann) Small = Linum aristatum Engelmann
australe (Heller) Small = Linum australe Heller
berlandieri (Hooker) Small = Linum berlandieri Hooker
neomexicanum (Greene) Small = Linum neomexicanum Greene
puberulum (Engelmann) Small = Linum puberulum (Engelmann) Heller
rigidum (Pursh) Small = Linum rigidum Pursh var. rigidum
vernale (Wooton) Small = Linum vernale Wooton
vestitum Wooton & Standley = Linum puberulum (Engelmann) Heller
Linum flax
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Linum subteres]
Mosquin, T. 1971. Biosystematic studies in the North American species of Linum, section Adenolinum (Linaceae).
Can. J. Bot. 49:1379-1388.
Rogers, C.M. 1968. Yellow-flowered species of Linum in Central America and western North America. Brittonia
20:107-135.
Rogers, C.M. 1984. Linaceae. N. Amer. Fl. II. 12:1-58.
aristatum Engelmann [M&H; W&S]
bristle flax
Cathartolinum aristatum (Engelmann) Small
aristatum Engelmann var. australe (Heller) Kearney & Peebles = Linum australe Heller var. australe
australe Heller var. australe [M&H; W&S]
southern flax
Cathartolinum australe (Heller) Small
Linum aristatum Engelmann var. australe (Heller) Kearney & Peebles
berlandieri Hooker [M&H; W&S]
Berlandier’s yellow-flax
Cathartolinum berlandieri (Hooker) Small
Linum rigidum Pursh var. berlandieri (Hooker) Torrey & Gray
boottii Planchon var. rupestre Gray = Linum rupestre (Gray) Engelmann ex Gray
compactum A. Nelson [Great Plains Flora Association 1977] Note: This species not reported for NM by
Rogers (1984); perhaps merits verification.
Wyoming flax
340
 Linum rigidum Pursh var. compactum (A. Nelson) Rogers
hudsonioides Planchon [M&H]
Texas flax
lewisii Pursh [M&H; W&S]
prairie flax
Linum perenne Linnaeus var. lewisii (Pursh) Eaton & J. Wright
lewisii Pursh var. pratense Norton = Linum pratense (Norton) Small
neomexicanum Greene [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico yellow flax
Cathartolinum neomexicanum (Greene) Small
perenne Linnaeus var. lewisii (Pursh) Eaton & J. Wright = Linum lewisii Pursh
pratense (Norton) Small [M&H]
meadow flax
Linum lewisii Pursh var. pratense Norton
puberulum (Engelmann) Heller [M&H; W&S]
plains flax
Cathartolinum puberulum (Engelmann) Small
Cathartolinum vestitum Wooton & Standley
Linum rigidum var. puberulum Engelmann
rigidum Pursh var. berlandieri (Hooker) Torrey & Gray = Linum berlandieri Hooker
rigidum Pursh var. compactum (A. Nelson) Rogers = Linum compactum A. Nelson
rigidum var. puberulum Engelmann = Linum puberulum (Engelmann) Heller
rigidum Pursh var. rigidum [M&H]
large yellow-flax
Cathartolinum rigidum (Pursh) Small
rupestre (Gray) Engelmann ex Gray [Rogers 1968]
rock flax
Linum boottii Planchon var. rupestre Gray
schiedeanum Schlechtendal & Chamisso [M&H; Rogers 1968]
Schiede’s flax
subteres (Trelease) Winkler : Reported by Heil et al. (2002), but the plant in question has been
determined to be Linum aristatum Engelmann.
*usitatissimum Linnaeus [M&H]
cultivated flax
vernale Wooton [M&H; W&S]
Chihuahuan flax
Cathartolinum vernale (Wooton) Small

Family LOASACEAE
Acrolasia albicaulis (Douglas) Rydberg = Mentzelia albicaulis Douglas
parviflora (Heller) Heller = Mentzelia albicaulis Douglas
Bartonia decapetala Pursh ex Sims = Mentzelia decapetala (Pursh) ex Sims) Urban
multiflora Nuttall = Mentzelia multiflora (Nuttall) Gray
nuda Pursh = Mentzelia nuda (Pursh) Torrey & Gray var. nuda
pumila Nuttall ined. = Mentzelia pumila Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. pumila
Cevallia stinging-serpent
sinuata Lagasca
stinging-serpent
Hesperaster strictus Osterhout = Mentzelia nuda (Pursh) Torrey & Gray var. stricta (Osterhout)
Harrington
Mentzelia blazingstar, stickleaf
Atwood, N.D. & S.L. Welsh. 2005. New species of Mentzelia (Loasaceae) and Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae) from New
Mexico. Western North American Naturalist 65(3):365-370. [Mentzelia todiltoensis]
Darlington, J. 1934. A monograph of the genus Mentzelia. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 21:103-225.
Holmgren, N.H., P.K. Holmgren, & A. Cronquist. 2005. Loasaceae, p. 81-118. IN: Holmgren, N.H., P.K. Holmgren,
& A. Cronquist. Intermountain Flora, vol. 2, pt. B.
Sivinski, R. 1998. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 7:6. [Mentzelia marginata]

341
Sivinski, R.C. 1998. Review and resurrection of Mentzelia springeri (Loasaceae). New Mexico Naturalist’s Notes
1(2):43-45.
Spellenberg, R. & T. Wootten. 1999. Vascular plants on a gypsum outcrop in southern New Mexico: A listing, a new
variety and taxonomic realignments in the Anulocaulis leiosolenus complex (Nyctaginaceae), and a new
variety of Mentzelia humilis (Loasaceae). Sida 18(4):987-999.
Thompson, H.J. & A.M. Powell. 1981. Loasaceae of the Chihuahuan Desert region. Phytologia 49(1):16-32.
Thompson, H.J. & J.R. Zavortink. 1970. Loasaceae, pp. 1082-1087. IN: Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas.
Renner, Texas.
Todsen, T.K. 1999. A new endemic species of Mentzelia sect. Bartonia (Loasaceae) from New Mexico. Sida
18(3):819-822. [Mentzelia conspicua]
albicaulis Douglas ex Hooker [M&H; W&S]
white-stem blazingstar
Acrolasia albicaulis (Douglas ex Hooker) Rydberg
Acrolasia parviflora (Heller) Heller
Mentzelia parviflora Heller
asperula Wooton & Standley [M&H; Thompson & Powell 1981]
Organ Mountain blazingstar
+conspicua T.K. Todsen [Todsen 1999]
Chama blazingstar
cronquistii H.J. Thompson & Prigge = Mentzelia marginata (Osterhout) H.J. Thompson & Prigge
var. cronquistii (H.J. Thompson & Prigge) N.H. Holmgren & P.K. Holmgren
decapetala (Pursh ex Sims) Urban & Gilg ex Gilg [M&H; W&S]
gumbo-lily
Bartonia decapetala Pursh ex Sims
Nuttallia decapetala (Pursh ex Sims) Greene
+humilis (Gray) J. Darlington var. guadalupensis Spellenberg [Spellenberg & Wootten 1999]
Guadalupe stickleaf
humilis (Gray) J. Darlington var. humilis [M&H; W&S]
gypsum blazingstar
Mentzelia multiflora (Nuttall) Gray var. humilis Gray, not Acrolasia humilis Osterhout
Nuttallia gypsea Wooton & Standley
Nuttallia humilis (Gray) Rydberg
integra (M.E. Jones) Tidestrom = Mentzelia pumila Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. integra M.E.
Jones
laciniata (Rydberg) J. Darlington [M&H; W&S]
cut-leaf blazingstar
Nuttallia laciniata (Rydberg) Wooton & Standley
Touterea laciniata Rydberg
marginata (Osterhout)Thompson & Prigge var. cronquistii (H.J. Thompson & Prigge)
N.H. Holmgren & P.K. Holmgren [Holmgren et al. 2005; Sivinski 1998]
Cronquist’s blazingstar
Mentzelia cronquistii H.J. Thompson & Prigge
monosperma Wooton & Standley = Mentzelia oligosperma Nuttall
multicaulis (Osterhout) A. Nelson ex J. Darlington : Sivinski (1997, pers. comm.) contends that the
single record of Mentzelia multicaulis is a misapplication of that name to plants of
Mentzelia springeri (Standley) Tidestrom.
Nuttallia multicaulis Osterhout
multiflora (Nuttall) Gray [M&H; Thompson & Powell 1981; W&S]
Adonis blazingstar
Bartonia multiflora Nuttall
Mentzelia pumila Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. multiflora (Nuttall) Urban & Gilg
Nuttallia multiflora (Nuttall) Greene
multiflora (Nuttall) Gray var. integra M.E. Jones = Mentzelia pumila Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var.
integra (M.E. Jones) Kearney & Peebles
nuda (Pursh) Torrey & Gray var. nuda [M&H; W&S]
goodmother
Bartonia nuda Pursh
Nuttallia nuda (Pursh) Greene
nuda (Pursh) Torrey & Gray var. stricta (Osterhout) Harrington [M&H; W&S]

342
 goodmother
Nuttallia stricta (Osterhout) Greene
Hesperaster strictus Osterhout
oligosperma Nuttall ex Sims [M&H; Thompson & Powell 1981; W&S]
chicken-thief
Mentzelia monosperma Wooton & Standley
parviflora Heller = Mentzelia albicaulis Douglas ex Hooker
+perennis Wooton [M&H; W&S]
Wooton’s blazingstar
Nuttallia perennis (Wooton) Cockerell
pumila Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. integra M.E. Jones [M&H; W&S]
golden blazingstar
Mentzelia integra (M.E. Jones) Tidestrom
Mentzelia multiflora (Nuttall) Gray var. integra (M.E. Jones) Kearney & Peebles
Nuttallia integra (M.E. Jones) Rydberg
pumila Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. multiflora (Nuttall) Urban & Gilg = Mentzelia multiflora
(Nuttall) Gray
pumila Nuttell ex Torrey & Gray var. procera (Wooton & Standley) J. Darlington [M&H;
W&S]
golden blazingstar
Nuttallia procera Wooton & Standley
pumila Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. pumila [M&H]
golden blazingstar
Bartonia pumila Nuttall ined.
Nuttallia pumila (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) Greene
pumila Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. reverchonii Urban & Gilg = Mentzelia reverchonii (Urban &
Gilg) Thompson & Zavortink
reverchonii (Urban & Gilg) Thompson & Zavortink [Thompson & Zavortink 1970]
Reverchon’s blazingstar
Mentzelia pumila Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. reverchonii Urban & Gilg
rusbyi Wooton [M&H; W&S]
Rusby’s blazingstar
Nuttallia rusbyi (Wooton) Rydberg
speciosa Osterhout [W&S] Note: This species was not treated by M&H; perhaps warrants verification.
showy blazingstar
Nuttallia speciosa (Osterhout) Greene
+springeri (Standley) Tidestrom [Sivinski 1998; W&S]
Springer’s blazingstar
Nuttallia springeri Standley
stricta (Osterhout) G.W. Stevens ex Jeffs & Little = Mentzelia nuda (Pursh) Torrey & Gray var.
stricta (Osterhout) Harrington
strictissima (Wooton & Standley) J. Darlington [M&H; W&S]
grassland blazingstar
Nuttallia strictissima Wooton & Standley
+todiltoensis Atwood & Welsh [Atwood & Welsh 2005]
Todilto stickleaf
thompsonii Glad [Holmgren et al. 2005]
Thompson’s stickleaf
Acrolasia humilis Osterhout, not Mentzelia humilis (Gray) J. Darlington
Nuttallia decapetala (Pursh) Greene = Mentzelia decapetala (Pursh) Urban & Gilg
gypsea Wooton & Standley = Mentzelia humilis (Gray) J. Darlington var. humilis
humilis (Gray) Rydberg = Mentzelia humilis (Gray) J. Darlington var. humilis
integra (M.E. Jones) Rydberg = Mentzelia pumila Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. integra M.E. Jones
laciniata (Rydberg) Wooton & Standley = Mentzelia laciniata (Rydberg) J. Darlington
multicaulis Osterhout = Mentzelia multicaulis (Osterhout) A. Nelson ex J. Darlington
multiflora (Nuttall) Greene = Mentzelia multiflora (Nuttall) Gray
nuda (Pursh) Greene = Mentzelia nuda (Pursh) Torrey & Gray

343
 perennis (Wooton) Cockerell = Mentzelia perennis Wooton
procera Wooton & Standley = Mentzelia pumila Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. procera (Wooton &
Standley) J. Darlington
pumila (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) Greene = Mentzelia pumila Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. pumila
rusbyi (Wooton) Rydberg = Mentzelia rusbyi Wooton
speciosa (Osterhout) Greene = Mentzelia speciosa Osterhout
springeri Standley = Mentzelia springeri (Standley) Tidestrom
speciosa (Osterhout) Greene = Mentzelia speciosa Osterhout
stricta (Osterhout) Greene = Mentzelia nuda (Pursh) Torrey & Gray var. stricta (Osterhout)
Harrington
strictissima Wooton & Standley = Mentzelia strictissima (Wooton & Standley) J. Darlington
Touterea laciniata Rydberg = Mentzelia laciniata (Rydberg) J. Darlington

Family LOBELIACEAE = CAMPANULACEAE

Family LOGANIACEAE
Buddleja = see BUDDLEJACEAE
Cynoctonum sessilifolium J.F. Gmelin = Mitreola sessilifolia (J.F. Gmelin) G. Don
Mitreola hornpod
Rogers, G.K. 1986. The genera of Loganiaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 67(2):143-185.
[Mitreola sessilifolia]
sessilifolia (J.F. Gmelin) G. Don [Rogers 1986] Note: Though reported by Rogers (1986) for NM, this
species generally occurs in east Texas and eastward; perhaps needs verification.
swamp hornpod
Cynoctonum sessilifolium J.F. Gmelin

Family LORANTHACEAE sensu stricto : not in NM; see VISCACEAE

Family LYTHRACEAE
Ammannia redstem
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Ammannia coccinea]
Graham, S.A. 1985. A revision of Ammannia (Lythraceae) in the Western Hemisphere. J. Arnold Arbor. 66:395-420.
auriculata Willdenow [Graham 1985; M&H]
eared redstem
coccinea Rottboell [Allred 1999]
valley redstem
ramosior Linnaeus = Rotala ramosior (Linnaeus) Koehne
Cuphea waxweed
Todsen, T.K. 1982. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 29:60. [Cuphea wrightii]
wrightii Gray [M&H]
Wright’s waxweed
Lythrum loosestrife
Lee, R. 1999. New Mexico’s Invasive Weeds. New Mexico State Univ. Coop. Ext. Serv. [Lythrum salicaria]
californicum Torrey & Gray [M&H]
California loosestrife
linearifolium (Gray) Small : Reported by W&S, but NM plants belong to Lythrum californicum
Torrey & Gray [M&H].
*salicaria Linnaeus [Lee 1999]
purple loosestrife
Nesaea stalkflower
Graham, S.A. 1977. The American species of Nesaea (Lythraceae) and their relationships to Heimia and Decodon.
Syst. Bot. 2:61-71.
longipes Gray [Graham 1977]
stalkflower
Rotala toothcup
Sivinksi, R. 2002. New plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 24:7. [Rotala ramosior]
ramosior (Linnaeus) Koehne [Sivinksi 2002]
lowland toothcup

344
 Ammannia ramosior Linnaeus

Family MALACEAE = ROSACEAE

Family MALPIGHIACEAE
Aspicarpa asp-head
Todsen, T.K. 1982. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 29:60. [Aspicarpa hirtella]
hirtella L.C.M. Richard [Todsen 1982]
chaparral asp-head
longipes Gray : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
Janusia propeller-plant
gracilis Gray [M&H; W&S]
propeller-plant

Family MALVACEAE
Fryxell, P.A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:1-522.
Fryxell, P.A. 1994. Malvaceae. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 27(2):222-236.
Abutilon Indian-mallow
Carter, J. 1996. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 2:5. [Abutilon incanum pringlei]
Peterson, R.S. & R. Spellenberg. 2005. Abutilon (Malvaceae) in and near New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist
32:6-7.
abutiloides (Jacquin) Arcke ex Britton & Wilson : Present in Arizona just a few km west of the NM
state line; to be expected.
crispum (Linnaeus) Sweet = Herissantia crispa (Linnaeus) Brizicky
fruticosum Guillemin & Perrottet [Peterson & Spellenberg 2005]
shrubby Indian-mallow
Abutilon texense Torrey & Gray
holosericeum Scheele = Allowissadula holosericea (Scheele) Bates
incanum (Link) Sweet [M&H; W&S]
pelotazo
Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet subsp. pringlei (Hochreutiner) Felger & Lowe
Sida incana Link
incanum (Link) Sweet subsp. pringlei (Hochreutiner) Felger & Lowe = Abutilon incanum (Link)
Sweet
malacum S. Watson [M&H; W&S]
yellow Indian-mallow
mollicomum (Willdenow) Sweet [Fryxell 1988, 1994]
Sonoran Indian-mallow
Abutilon sonorae Gray
Sida mollicoma Willdenow
parvulum Gray [M&H; W&S]
dwarf Indian-mallow
pinkavae P. Fryxell : Present just 9 km south of NM in Chihuahua; to be expected.
sonorae Gray = Abutilon mollicomum (Willdenow) Sweet
texense Torrey & Gray = Abutilon fruticosum Guillemin & Perrottet
*theophrasti Medikus [M&H]
velvetleaf
Sida abutilon Linnaeus
wrightii Gray [M&H]
Wright’s Indian-mallow
Alcea hollyhock
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Althaea rosea]
*rosea Linnaeus [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
hollyhock
Althaea rosea (Linnaeus) Cavanilles
Allowissadula Indian-mallow
Bates, D.M. 1978. Allowissadula, a new genus of North American Malvaceae. Gentes Herbarium 11(5):329-354.

345
 Spellenberg, R. 1996. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 4:8. [Allowissadula holosericea]
holosericea (Scheele) Bates [Spellenberg 1996]
Chisos Mountain Indian-mallow
Abutilon holosericeum Scheele
Althaea rosea (Linnaeus) Cavanilles = Alcea rosea Linnaeus
Anoda anoda
Fryxell, P.A. 1987. A revision of Anoda Cavanilles (Malvaceae). Aliso 11:485-522.
arizonica Gray var. digitata Gray = Anoda cristata (Linnaeus) Schlectendal
cristata (Linnaeus) Schlectendal [M&H; W&S]
spurred anoda
Anoda arizonica Gray var. digitata Gray
Anoda cristata (Linnaeus) Schlechtendal var. digitata (Gray) Hochreutiner
Sida cristata Linnaeus
Anoda lavaterioides Medikus
cristata (Linnaeus) Schlechtendal var. digitata (Gray) Hochreutiner = Anoda cristata (Linnaeus)
Schlectendal
lanceolata Hooker & Arnott [M&H; W&S]
lance-leaf anoda
Anoda wrightii Gray
lavaterioides Medikus = Anoda cristata (Linnaeus) Schlectendal
pentaschista Gray [M&H; W&S]
field anoda
Sidanoda pentaschista (Gray) Wooton & Standley
thurberi Gray : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
wrightii Gray = Anoda lanceolata Hooker & Arnott
Bogenhardia crispa (Linnaeus) Kearney = Herissantia crispa (Linnaeus) Brizicky
Callirhoë poppy-mallow
alcaeoides (Michaux) Gray [M&H; W&S]
light poppy-mallow
Sida alcaeoides Michaux
involucrata (Torrey & Gray) Gray [M&H; W&S]
wine-cups
Malva involucrata Torrey & Gray
Disella hederacea (Douglas) Greene = Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapovickas
lepidota (Gray) Greene = Malvella lepidota (Gray) Fryxell
sagittifolia (Gray) Greene = Malvella sagittifolia (Gray) Fryxell
Gayoides crispum (Linnaeus) Small = Herissantia crispa (Linnaeus) Brizicky
Herissantia bladder-mallow
Brizicky, G.K. 1968. Herissantia, Bogenhardia, and Gayoides (Malvaceae). J. Arnold Arbor. 49:278-279.
crispa (Linnaeus) Brizicky [M&H; W&S]
bladder-mallow
Abutilon crispum (Linnaeus) Sweet
Bogenhardia crispa (Linnaeus) Kearney
Gayoides crispum (Linnaeus) Small
Sida crispa Linnaeus
Hibiscus rose-mallow
Fryxell, P.A. 1980. a revision of the American species of Hibiscus sect. Bombicella. U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 1624:1-53.
biseptus S. Watson : Reported questionably by Kartesz (1999); awaits verification.
coulteri Harvey ex Gray [M&H]
desert rose-mallow
denudatus Bentham [M&H; W&S]
palefaces
Hibiscus denudatus Bentham var. involucellatus Gray
Hibiscus involucellatus (Gray) Wooton & Standley
denudatus Bentham var. involucellatus Gray = Hibiscus denudatus Bentham
involucellatus (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Hibiscus denudatus Bentham
lasiocarpos Cavanilles [M&H; W&S]
crimson-eye rose-mallow

346
 *trionum Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
flower-of-an-hour
Trionum trionum (Linnaeus) Wooton & Standley
Iliamna wild-hollyhock
grandiflora (Rydberg) Wiggins [M&H; W&S]
wild-hollyhock
Phymosia grandiflora (Rydberg) Rydberg
Sphaeralcea grandiflora Rydberg
Malva cheeseweed, mallow
angustifolia Cavanilles = Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cavanilles) G. Don
coccinea Nuttall = Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nuttall) Rydberg
*crispa (Linnaeus) Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
crisp cheeseweed
Malva verticillata Linnaeus var. crispa Linnaeus
hederacea Douglas = Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapovickas
involucrata Torrey & Gray = Callirhoë involucrata (Torrey & Gray) Gray
leprosa Ortega = Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapovickas
*neglecta Wallroth [M&H]
dwarf cheeseweed
Malva rotundifolia of NM authors
*parviflora Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
small-flower cheeseweed
rotundifolia of NM authors = Malva neglecta Wallroth
*sylvestris Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
tall cheeseweed
verticillata Linnaeus var. crispa Linnaeus = Malva crispa Linnaeus
Malvastrum coccineum (Nuttall) Gray = Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nuttall) Rydberg
digitatum Greene = Sphaeralcea digitata (Greene) Rydberg var. digitata
elatum (Baker) A. Nelson = Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nuttall) Rydberg
leptophyllum Gray = Sphaeralcea leptophylla (Gray) Rydberg
micranthum Wooton & Standley = Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nuttall) Rydberg
Malvella mallow
Fryxell, P.A. 1974. The North American Malvellas. Southw. Naturalist 19:97-103.
lepidota (Gray) Fryxell [Fryxell 1974; M&H; W&S]
scurfy mallow
Disella lepidota (Gray) Greene
Sida lepidota Gray
Sida lepidota Gray var. depauperata Gray
Sida leprosa (Ortega) K. Schumann var. depauperata (Gray) I. Clement
leprosa (Ortega) Krapovickas [Fryxell 1974; W&S]
alkali mallow
Disella hederacea (Douglas) Greene
Malva hederacea Douglas
Malva leprosa Ortega
Sida hederacea (Doubl.) Torrey
Sida leprosa (Ortega) K. Schumann
sagittifolia (Gray) Fryxell [Fryxell 1974; M&H; W&S]
arrow-leaf mallow
Disella sagittifolia (Gray) Greene
Sida lepidota Gray var. sagittifolia Gray
Sida leprosa (Ortega) K. Schumann var. sagittifolia (Gray) I. Clement
Sida sagittifolia (Gray) Rydberg
Phymosia grandiflora (Rydberg) Rydberg = Iliamna grandiflora (Rydberg) Wiggins
Rhynchosida buff-petal
physocalyx (Gray) Fryxell [M&H; W&S]
buff-petal
Sida hastata St. Hilaire

347
 Sida physocalyx Gray
Sida fan-petal
Fryxell, P.A. 1985. Sidus sidarum V. The North and Central American species of Sida. Sida 11:62-91.
*abutifolia Miller [Fryxell 1985; M&H; W&S]
spreading fan-petal
Sida diffusa Kunth
Sida filicaulis Torrey & Gray
Sida procumbens Swartz
abutilon Linnaeus = Abutilon theophrasti Medikus
alcaeoides Michaux = Callirhoe alcaeoides (Michaux) Gray
angustifolia Lamarck = Sida spinosa Linnaeus var. angustifolia (Lamarck) Grisebach
crispa Linnaeus = Herissantia crispa (Linnaeus) Brizicky
cristata Linnaeus = Anoda cristata (Linnaeus) Schlectendal
diffusa Kunth = Sida abutifolia Miller
filicaulis Torrey & Gray = Sida abutifolia Miller
hastata St. Hilaire = Rhynchosida physocalyx (Gray) Fryxell
hederacea (Douglas) Torrey = Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapovickas
incana Link = Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet
lepidota Gray = Malvella lepidota (Gray) Fryxell
leprosa (Ortega) K. Schumann s.s. = Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapovickas
leprosa (Ortega) K. Schumann var. depauperata (Gray) I. Clement = Malvella lepidota (Gray)
Fryxell
leprosa (Ortega) K. Schumann var. sagittifolia (Gray) I. Clement = Malvella sagittifolia (Gray)
Fryxell
mollicoma Willdenow = Abutilon mollicomum (Willdenow) Sweet
neomexicana Gray [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico fan-petal
physocalyx Gray = Rhynchosida physocalyx (A. Gray) Fryxell
procumbens Swartz = Sida abutifolia Miller
sagitifolia (Gray) Rydberg = Malvella sagittifolia (Gray) Fryxell
spinosa Linnaeus var. angustifolia (Lamarck) Grisebach : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits
verification.
Sida angustifolia Lamarck
Sidalcea checker-mallow
candida Gray var. candida [M&H; W&S]
white checker-mallow
neomexicana Gray [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico checker-mallow
Sidalcea parviflora Greene var. thurberi Robinson ex Gray
Sidalcea neomexicana Gray var. parviflora (Greene) Murray
parviflora Grerene var. thurberi Robinson ex Gray = Sidalcea neomexicana Gray
neomexicana Gray var. parviflora (Greene) Murray = Sidalcea neomexicana Gray
Sidanoda pentaschista (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Anoda pentachista Gray
Sphaeralcea globemallow
Kearney, T.H. 1935. The North American species of Sphaeralcea, subgenus Eusphaeralcea. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.
19:1-128.
LaDuke, J.C. 1985. A new species of Sphaeralcea from New Mexico. Southw. Naturalist 30:433-436. [Sphaeralcea
polychroma]
LaDuke, J.C. & D.K. Northington. 1978. The systematics of Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nuttall) Rydberg (Malvaceae).
Southw. Natural. 23:651-660.
Shinners, L.H. 1964. Three new varietal names in Sphaeralcea (Malvaceae). Sida 1(6):384-385.
angustifolia (Cavanilles) G. Don [M&H; W&S]
narrowleaf globemallow
Malva angustifolia Cavanilles
Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cavanilles) G. Don var. cuspidata Gray
Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cavanilles) G. Don var. lobata (Wooton) Kearney
Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cavanilles) G. Don. var. oblongifolia (Gray) Shinners
Sphaeralcea cuspidata (Gray) Britton
Sphaeralcea incana Torrey var. oblongifolia Gray
Sphaeralcea lobata Wooton

348
angustifolia (Cavanilles) G. Don var. cuspidata Gray = Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cavanilles) G. Don
angustifolia (Cavanilles) G. Don var. lobata (Wooton) Kearney = Sphaeralcea angustifolia
(Cavanilles) G. Don
angustifolia (Cavanilles) G. Don. var. oblongifolia (Gray) Shinners = Sphaeralcea angustifolia
(Cavanilles) G. Don
arenaria Wooton & Standley = Sphaeralcea hastulata Gray
arizonica Heller = Sphaeralcea parvifolia A. Nelson
coccinea (Nuttall) Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
scarlet globemallow
Malva coccinea Nuttall
Malvastrum elatum (Baker) A. Nelson
Malvastrum coccineum (Nuttall) Gray
Malvastrum micranthum Wooton & Standley
Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nuttall) Rydberg var. dissecta (Nuttall) Garrett
Sphaeralcea dissecta (Nuttall) Rydberg
coccinea (Nuttall) Rydberg var. dissecta (Nuttall) Garrett = Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nuttall) Rydberg
coccinea (Nuttall) Rydberg var. elata (Baker) Kearney = Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nuttall) Rydberg
cuspidata (Gray) Britton = Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cavanilles) G. Don
digitata (Greene) Rydberg var. digitata [M&H]
juniper globemallow
Malvastrum digitatum Greene
digitata (Greene) Rydberg var. tenuipes (Wooton & Standley) Kearney [M&H; W&S]
juniper globemallow
Sphaeralcea tenuipes Wooton & Standley
dissecta (Nuttall) Rydberg = Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nuttall) Rydberg
emoryi Torrey ex Gray [M&H]
Emory’s globemallow
fendleri Gray [M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s globemallow
Sphaeralcea fendleri Gray var. elongata Kearney
Sphaeralcea fendleri Gray var. tripartita (Wooton & Standley) Kearney
Sphaeralcea leiocarpa Wooton & Standley
Sphaeralcea tripartita Wooton & Standley
fendleri Gray var. elongata Kearney = Sphaeralcea fendleri Gray
fendleri Gray var. tripartita (Wooton & Standley) Kearney = Sphaeralcea fendleri Gray
glabrescens Wooton & Standley = Sphaeralcea hastulata Gray
grandiflora Rydberg = Iliamna grandiflora (Rydberg) Wiggins
grossulariifolia (Hooker & Arnott) Rydberg var. pedata (Torrey ex Gray) Kearny [M&H;
W&S]
goose-berry globemallow
Sphaeralcea pedata Torrey
hastulata Gray [M&H; W&S]
wrinkled globemallow
Sphaeralcea arenaria Wooton & Standley
Sphaeralcea glabrescens Wooton & Standley
Sphaeralcea martii Cockerell
Sphaeralcea pumila Wooton & Standley
Sphaeralcea simulans Wooton & Standley
Sphaeralcea subhastata Coulter var. connata Kearney
Sphaeralcea subhastata Coulter var. latifolia Kearney
Sphaeralcea subhastata Coulter var. martii (Cockerell) Kearney
Sphaeralcea subhastata Coulter var. pumila (Wooton & Standley) Kearney
Sphaeralcea subhastata Coulter var. subhastata
incana Torrey ex Gray var. cuneata Kearney = Sphaeralcea incana Torrey ex Gray
incana Torrey ex Gray [M&H; W&S]
soft globemallow
Sphaeralcea incana Torrey ex Gray var. cuneata Kearney
incana Torrey var. oblongifolia Gray = Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cavanilles) G. Don

349
 laxa Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
caliche globemallow
Sphaeralcea ribifolia Wooton & Standley
leiocarpa Wooton & Standley = Sphaeralcea fendleri Gray
leptophylla (Gray) Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
scaly globemallow
Malvastrum leptophyllum Gray
lobata Wooton = Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cavanilles) G. Don
marginata York = Sphaeralcea parvifolia A. Nelson
martii Cockerell = Sphaeralcea hastulata Gray
parvifolia A. Nelson [M&H; W&S]
small-leaf globemallow
Sphaeralcea arizonica Heller
Sphaeralcea marginata York
pedata Torrey = Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia (Hooker & Arnott) Rydberg var. pedata (Torrey ex
Gray) Kearny
polychroma La Duke [La Duke 1985]
Hot Springs globemallow
+procera Porter [M&H]
Luna County globemallow
pumila Wooton & Standley = Sphaeralcea hastulata Gray
ribifolia Wooton & Standley = Sphaeralcea laxa Wooton & Standley
simulans Wooton & Standley = Sphaeralcea hastulata Gray
subhastata Coulter var. connata Kearney = Sphaeralcea hastulata Gray
subhastata Coulter var. latifolia Kearney = Sphaeralcea hastulata Gray
subhastata Coulter var. martii (Cockerell) Kearney = Sphaeralcea hastulata Gray
subhastata Coulter var. pumila (Wooton & Standley) Kearney = Sphaeralcea hastulata Gray
subhastata Coulter var. subhastata = Sphaeralcea hastulata Gray
tenuipes Wooton & Standley = Sphaeralcea digitata (Greene) Rydberg var. tenuipes (Wooton &
Standley) Kearney
tripartita Wooton & Standley = Sphaeralcea fendleri Gray
wrightii Gray [M&H]
Wright’s globemallow
Trionum trionum (Linnaeus) Wooton & Standley = Hibiscus trionum Linnaeus

Family MARTYNIACEAE = PEDALIACEAE

Family MELIACEAE
Pennington, T.D. 1981. Meliaceae. Flora Neotrop. Monogr. 28.
Melia Chinaberry tree
*azedarach Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
Chinaberry tree, pride-of-India

Family MENTHACEAE = LAMIACEAE

Family MENYANTHACEAE
Menyanthes buckbean
McGrath, J. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 10:7. [Menyanthes trifoliata]
trifoliata Linnaeus [McGrath 1999]
buckbean

Family MIMOSACEAE = FABACEAE

Family MOLLUGINACEAE
Vincent, M.A. 2003. Molluginaceae, pp. 509-512. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press,
New York.

350
Mollugo carpetweed
*cerviana (Linnaeus) Seringe [M&H; Vincent 2001; W&S]
thread-stem carpetweed
Pharnaceum cerviana Linnaeus
verticillata Linnaeus [M&H; Vincent 2001; W&S]
green carpetweed
Pharnaceum cerviana Linnaeus = Mollugo cerviana (Linnaeus) Seringe

Family MONOTROPACEAE = ERICACEAE

Family MORACEAE
Wunderlin, R.P. 1997. Moraceae, pp. 388-399. IN: Flora North America, Vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
Maclura Osage-orange
*pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider [M&H]
Osage-orange
Toxylon pomiferum Rafinesque
Morus mulberry
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey and R. Peterson. 1994. Additions to the native and adventive flora of New Mexico. Phytologia
76(6):473-479. [Morus alba]
*alba Linnaeus [Sivinski et al. 1994]
white mulberry
microphylla Buckley [M&H; W&S]
Texas mulberry
Toxylon pomiferum Rafinesque = Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider

Family MUTISIACEAE = ASTERACEAE

Family MYRSINACEAE
Cholewa, A.F., J.J. Pipoly III, & J.M. Ricketson. 2009. Myrsinaceae, p. 302-321. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8.
Oxford University Press.
Anagallis pimpernel
Cholewa, A.F. 2009. Anagallis, p. 305-308. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
*arvensis Linnaeus subsp. arvensis [Cholewa 2009; M&H; W&S]
scarlet pimpernel
minima (Linnaeus) Krause = Centunculus minimus Linnaeus
Centunculus chaffweed
Cholewa, A.F. 2009. Anagallis, p. 305-308. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
*minimus Linnaeus [Cholewa 2009; M&H]
chaffweed
Anagallis minima (Linnaeus) Krause
Glaux sea-milkwort
Cholewa, A.F. 2009. Lysimachia, p. 308-318. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
Reeves, T. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 16:7. [Glaux maritima]
maritima Linnaeus [Cholewa 2009; Reeves 2000]
sea-milkwort
Lycimachia maritima (Linnaeus) Galasso, Banfi, & Soldano
Lysimachia yellow-loosestrife
Cholewa, A.F. 2009. Lysimachia, p. 308-318. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
Coffey, V.J. & S.B. Jones, Jr. 1980. Biosystematics of Lysimachia section Seleucia (Primulaceae). Brittonia
32(3):309-322.
ciliata Linnaeus [Cholewa 2009; M&H; W&S]
fringed yellow-loosestrife
Steironema ciliatum (Linnaeus) Rafinesque
ciliata Linnaeus var. validula (Greene) Kearney & Peebles = Lysimachia hybrida Michaux
hybrida Michaux [Cholewa 2009; Coffey & Jones 1980; M&H; W&S]
lowland yellow-loosestrife
Lysimachia ciliata Linnaeus var. validula (Greene) Kearney & Peebles
Steironema validulum Greene

351
 maritima (Linnaeus) Galasso, Banfi, & Soldano = Glaux maritima Linnaeus
Steironema ciliatum (Linnaeus) Rafinesque = Lysimachia ciliata Linnaeus
validulum Greene = Lysimachia hybrida Michaux

Family NYCTAGINACEAE
Spellenberg, R.W. 2003. Nyctaginaceae, pp. 14-74. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4. Oxford University Press, New
York.
Abronia sand-verbena
Ackerfield, J. & W.F. Jennings. 2008. The genus Abronia (Nyctaginaceae) in Colorado, with notes on Abronia
bolackii in New Mexico. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1):419-423.
Atwood, N.D., S.L. Welsh, & K.D. Heil. 2002. A new species of Abronia (Nyctaginaceae) from San Juan County,
New Mexico, U.S.A. Novon 12:167-169. [Abronia bolackii]
Galloway, L.A. 1975. Systematics of the North American desert species of Abronia and Tripterocalyx
(Nyctaginaceae). Brittonia 27:328-347.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Abronia nana harrisii]
angustifolia Greene [Galloway 1975; M&H; W&S]
narrow-leaf sand-verbena
Abronia angustifolia Greene var. arizonica (Standley) Kearney & Peebles
Abronia arizonica Standley
Abronia torreyi Standley
angustifolia Greene var. arizonica (Standley) Kearney & Peebles = Abronia angustifolia Greene
arizonica Standley = Abronia angustifolia Greene
+bigelovii Heimerl [M&H; W&S]
Galisteo sand-verbena
+bolackii Atwood, Welsh, & Heil [Atwood et al. 2002] Note: Ackerfield & Jennings (2008) contend
that this species should be submerged within Abronia elliptica A. Nelson.
Bolack’s sand-verbena
carletonii Coulter & Fisher = Abronia fragrans Nuttall ex Hooker
carnea Greene = Tripterocalyx carnea (Greene) Galloway var. carnea
elliptica A. Nelson [Galloway 1975; M&H; W&S]
white sand-verbena
Abronia fragans Nuttall var. elliptica M.E. Jones
Abronia nana S. Watson var. harrisii Welsh
Abronia ramosa Standley
fendleri Standley = Abronia fragrans Nuttall
fragrans Nuttall ex Hooker [Galloway 1975; M&H; W&S]
fragrant sand-verbena, heart’s delight
Abronia carletonii Coulter & Fisher
Abronia fendleri Standley
fragans Nuttall var. elliptica M.E. Jones = Abronia elliptica A. Nelson
micrantha Torrey = Tripterocalyx micranthus (Torrey) Hooker
nana S. Watson var. harrisii Welsh = Abronia elliptica A Nelson
ramosa Standley = Abronia elliptica A. Nelson
torreyi Standley = Abronia angustifolia Greene
Acleisanthes angel’s trumpets
Fowler, B.A. & B.L. Turner. 1977. Taxonomy of Selinocarpus and Ammocodon (Nyctaginaceae). Phytologia 37:177-
208.
Levin, R.A. 2002. Taxonomic status of Acleisanthes, Selincocarpus, and Ammocodon (Nyctaginaceae). Novon 12:58-
63.
Smith, J.M. 1976. A taxonomic study of Acleisanthes (Nyctaginaceae). Wrightia 5(8):261-276.
chenopodioides (A. Gray) R.A. Levin [Fowler & Turner 1977; M&H; W&S]
goosefoot moonpod
Ammocodon chenopodioides (A. Gray) Standley
Selinocarpus chenopodioides A. Gray
diffusa (A. Gray) R.A. Levin [Fowler & Turner 1977; M&H; W&S]
spreading moonpod
Selinocarpus diffusus A. Gray
lanceolata (Wooton) R.A. Levin [Fowler & Turner 1977; M&H; W&S]
lance-leaf moonpod

352
 Selinocarpus lanceolatus Wooton
longiflora Gray [M&H; W&S]
angel’s trumpet’s
Allionia windmills
Turner, B.L. 1993. Texas species of Mirabilis (Nyctaginaceae). Phytologia 75:432-451.
Turner, B.L. 1994. Revisionary study of the genus Allionia (Nyctaginaceae). Phytologia 77(1):45-55.
albida Walter = Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl
bodinii (Holzinger) Morong = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl
carletonii Standley = Mirabilis glabra (S. Watson) Standley
choisyi Standley [M&H; W&S]
annual windmills
Allionia incarnata Linnaeus var. glabra Choisy
Wedelia glabra (Choisy) Standley
Wedeliella glabra (Choisy) Cockerell
coccinea (Torrey) Standley = Mirabilis coccineus (Torrey) Bentham & Hooker f.
comata Small = Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl
diffusa Heller = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl
divaricata Rydberg = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl
gausapoides Standley = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl var. subhispida (Heimerl) Spellenberg
glabra (S. Watson) Kuntze = Mirabilis glabra S. Watson
glabra (S. Watson) Kuntze var. recedens (Weatherby) Standley = Mirabilis glabra S. Watson
hirsuta Pursh = Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl
incarnata Linnaeus var. glabra Choisy = Allionia choisyi Standley
incarnata Linnaeus var. incarnata [M&H; W&S]
trailing windmills
Wedeliella incarnata (Linnaeus) Cockerell
Wedeliella incarnata (Linnaeus) Cockerell var. anodonta (Standley) Cockerell
incarnata Linnaeus var. villosa (Standley) B.L. Turner [Turner 1994]
trailing windmills
Wedelia incarnata (Linnaeus) Kuntze subsp. villosa Standley
lanceolata Rydberg = Mirabilis lanceolata (Rydberg) Standley
linearifolia (S. Watson) Kuntze var. filifolia Standley = Mirabilis coccinea (Torrey) Bentham &
Hooker
linearis Pursh = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl
linearis Pursh subhispida (Heimerl) Standley [rank unstated] = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl var.
subhispida (Heimerl) Spellenberg
melanotricha Standley = Mirabilis melanotricha (Standley) Spellenberg
nyctaginea Michaux = Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michaux) MacMillan
pinetorum Standley = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl
pratensis Standley = Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl
pumila Standley = Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl
subhispida (Heimerl) Standley = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl var. subhispida (Heimerl)
Spellenberg
Allionella oxybaphoides (Gray) Rydberg = Mirabilis oxybaphoides (Gray) Gray
oxybaphoides (Gray) Rydberg var. glabrata (Heimerl) Standley = Mirabilis oxybaphoides (Gray)
Gray
Ammocodon chenopodioides (Gray) Standley = Acleisanthes chenopodioides (A. Gray) R.A. Levin
Anulocaulis ringstem
Spellenberg, R. 1993. Taxonomy of Anulocaulis (Nyctaginaceae). Sida 15(3):373-390.
Spellenberg, R. & T. Wootten. 1999. Vascular plants on a gypsum outcrop in southern New Mexico: A listing, a new
variety and taxonomic realignments in the Anulocaulis leiosolenus complex (Nyctaginaceae), and a new
variety of Mentzelia humilis (Loasaceae). Sida 18(4):987-999.
gypsogenus Waterfall = Anulocaulis leiosolenus (Torrey) Standley var. gypsogenus (Waterfall)
Spellenb & T. Wootten
leiosolenus (Torrey) Standley var. gypsogenus (Waterfall) Spellenberg & T. Wootten
[M&H; Spellenberg 1993; Spellenberg & Wootten 1999]
gypsum ringstem
Anulocaulis gypsogenus Waterfall
+leiosolenus (Torrey) Standley var. howardii Spellenberg & T. Wootten [Spellenberg &
Wootten 1999]

353
 Howard’s ringstem
leiosolenus (Torrey) Standley var. leiosolenus [M&H; Spellenberg 1993; W&S]
southwestern ringstem
Boerhavia leiosolenus Torrey
Boerhavia nummularia M.E. Jones
Boerhavia spiderling
Spellenberg, R. 2002. Boerhavia coulteri var. palmeri, a new varietal combination for Boerhavia (Nyctaginaceae) of
southwestern North America. Sida 20(1):151-155. [Boerhavia coulteri palmeri]
Spellenberg, R. 2007. Boerhavia triquetra var. intermedia (Nyctaginaceae): a new combination and varietal status for
the widespread southwestern North American B. intermedia. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2):871-874.
coccinea Miller [M&H; W&S]
scarlet spiderling
Boerhavia ixodes Standley
Boerhavia ramulosa M.E. Jones
Boerhavia viscosa Lagasca & Rodríguez var. oligadena Heimerl
coulteri (Hooker f.) S. Watson var. coulteri [M&H; Spellenberg 2002]
Coulter’s spiderling
coulteri (Hooker f.) S. Watson var. palmeri (S. Watson) Spellenberg [Spellenberg 2002]
Palmer’s spiderling
Boerhavia spicata Choisy var. palmeri S. Watson
erecta Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
erect spiderling
Boerhavia erecta Linnaeus var. thornberi (M.E. Jones) Standley
Boerhavia thornberi M.E. Jones
erecta Linnaeus var. intermedia (M.E. Jones) Kearney & Peebles = Boerhavia intermdia M.E. Jones
erecta Linnaeus var. thornberi (M.E. Jones) Standley = Boerhavia erecta Linnaeus
gracillima Heimerl [M&H; W&S]
bush spiderling
Boerhavia organensis Standley
gypsophiloides (Martius & Galeotti) Coulter = Cyphomeris gypsophiloides (Martius & Galeotti)
Standley
intermedia M.E. Jones = Boerhavia triquetra S. Watson var. intermedia (M.E. Jones) Spellenberg
ixodes Standley = Boerhavia coccinea Miller
linearifolia Gray [M&H; W&S]
narrow-leaf spiderling
Boerhavia tenuifolia Gray
leiosolenus Torrey = Anulocaulis leiosolenus (Torrey) Standley var. leiosolenus
nummularia M.E. Jones = Anulocaulis leiosolenus (Torrey) Standley var. leiosolenus
organensis Standley = Boerhavia gracillima Heimerl
purpurascens Gray [M&H; W&S]
purple spiderling
ramulosa M.E. Jones = Boerhavia coccinea Miller
scandens Linnaeus = Commicarpus scandens (Linnaeus) Standley
spicata Choisy [M&H; W&S]
creeping spiderling
spicata Choisy var. palmeri S. Watson = Boerhavia coulteri (Hooker f.) S. Watson var. palmeri (S.
Watson) Spellenberg
spicata var. torreyana S.Watson = Boerhavia torreyana (S. Watson) Standley
tenuifolia Gray = Boerhavia linearifolia Gray
thornberi M.E. Jones = Boerhavia erecta Linnaeus
torreyana (S. Watson) Standley [M&H; W&S]
Torrey’s spiderling
Boerhavia spicata var. torreyana S.Watson
triquetra S. Watson var. intermedia (M.E. Jones) Spellenberg [M&H; W&S]
five-wing spiderling
Boerhavia erecta Linnaeus var. intermedia (M.E. Jones) Kearney & Peebles
Boerhavia intermedia M.E. Jones
viscosa Lagasca & Rodríguez var. oligadena Heimerl = Boerhavia coccinea Miller

354
 wrightii Gray [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s spiderling
Commicarpus wart-club
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Commicarpus scandens]
Harriman, N.A. 1999. Synopsis of New World Commicarpus (Nyctaginaceae). Sida 18(3):679-684.
scandens (Linnaeus) Standley [Allred 1999; Harriman 1999]
climbing wart-club
Boerhavia scandens Linnaeus
Cyphomeris cyphomeris
Mahrt, M. & R. Spellenberg. 1995. Taxonomy of Cyphomeris (Nyctaginaceae) based on multivariate analyses of
geographic variation. Sida 16(6):679-698.
gypsophiloides (Martens & Galeotti) Standley [M&H; Mahrt & Spellenberg 1995; W&S]
delicate darling
Boerhavia gypsophiloides (Martens & Galeotti) Coulter
Lindenia gypsophiloides Martens & Galeotti
Lindenia gypsophiloides Martens & Galeotti = Cyphomneris gypsophiloides (Martens & Galeotti)
Standley
Mirabilis four-o’clock
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports [Mirabilis glandulosa]. The New Mexico Botanist 39:7.
LeDuc, A. 1995. A revision of Mirabilis section Mirabilis (Nyctaginaceae). Sida 16(40):613-648.
Pilz, G.E. 1978. Systematics of Mirabilis subgenus Quamoclidion (Nyctaginaceae). Madroño 25:113-176.
Spellenberg, R. 1998 [1999]. Mirabilis melanotricha (Nyctaginaceae), a new combination for a common four o'clock
from southwestern North America. Phytologia 85(2):99-104.
Spellenberg, R. & S.R. Rodriguez Tijerina. 2001. Geographic variation and taxonomy of North American species of
Mirabilis, section Oxybaphoides (Nyctaginaceae). Sida 19(3):539-570.
Spellenberg, R. 2002. Varietal status for a hirsute phase of Mirabilis linearis (Nyctaginaceae). Novon 12:270-271.
Turner, B.L. 1993. Texas species of Mirabilis (Nyctaginaceae). Phytologia 75:432-451.
albida (Walter) Heimerl [M&H; M&H]
white four-o’clock
Allionia albida Walter
Allionia comata Small
Allionia hirsuta Pursh
Allionia lanceolata Rydberg
Allionia pratensis Standley
Allionia pumila Standley
Mirabilis comata (Small) Standley
Mirabilis lanceolata (Rydberg) Standley
Oxybaphus albidus (Walter) Choisy
Oxybaphus comatus (Small) Weatherby
Oxybaphus hirsutus (Pursh) Sweet
Oxybaphus lanceolatus (Rydberg) Standley
Oxybaphus pumilus (Standley) Standley
carletonii (Standley) Standley = Mirabilis glabra (S. Watson) Standley
coccinea (Torrey) Bentham & Hooker f. [M&H; W&S]
scarlet four-o’clock
Allionia coccinea (Torrey) Standley
Allionia linearifolia (S. Watson) Kuntze var. filifolia Standley
Oxybaphus coccineus Torrey
Oxybaphus linearifolius S. Watson
comata (Small) Standley = Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl
decipiens (Standley) Standley = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimrl var. decipiens (Standley) S.L.
Welsh
decumbens (Nuttall) Daniels : Tentative report by M&H map; awaits verification.
Oxybaphus decumbens Nuttall
diffusa (Heller) Reed = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl
gausapoides (Standley) Standley = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl var. subhispida (Heimerl)
Spellenberg
glabra (S. Watson) Standley [M&H; Turner 1993; W&S]
smooth four-o’clock
Allionia carletonii Standley

355
 Allionia glabra (S. Watson) Kuntze
Allionia glabra (S. Watson) Kuntze var. recedens (Weatherby) Standley
Oxybaphus carletonii (Standley) Weatherby
Oxybaphus glaber S. Watson
glandulosa (Standley) Weber = Mirabilis multiflora (Torrey) Gray var. glandulosa (Standley)
MacBride
hirsuta (Pursh) MacMillan = Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl
jalapa Linnaeus (garden four o’clock) : Reported as expected by M&H map; not yet known in NM
except as a garden ornamental (Le Duc 1995); awaits verification.
lanceolata (Rydberg) Standley = Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl
linearis (Pursh) Heimerl var. decipiens (Standley) S.L. Welsh [M&H]
ribbon four-o’clock
Allionia decipiens Standley
linearis (Pursh) Heimerl var. linearis [M&H; Turner 1993; W&S]
ribbon four-o’clock
Allionia bodinii (Holzinger) Morong
Allionia divaricata Rydberg
Allionia diffusa Heller
Allionia linearis Pursh
Allionia pinetorum Standley
Mirabilis decipiens (Standley) Standley
Mirabilis diffusa (Heller) Reed
Oxybaphus diffusus (Heller) Martin & Hutchins ined. [not validly published]
Oxybaphus linearis (Pursh) Robinson var. decipiens (Standley) Kearney & Peebles
Oxybaphus linearis (Pursh) Robinson var. linearis
linearis (Pursh) Heimerl forma subhispida Heimerl = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl var.
subhispida (Heimerl) Spellenberg
linearis (Pursh) Heimerl var. subhispida (Heimerl) Spellenberg [M&H; W&S]
ribbon four-o’clock
Allionia gausapoides Standley
Allionia linearis Pursh subhispida (Heimerl) Standley [rank unstated]
Allionia subhispida (Heimerl) Standley
Mirabilis gausapoides (Standley) Standley
Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl. forma subhispida Heimerl
Oxybaphus linearis (Pursh) Robinson var. subhispidus (Heimerl) Dayton
longiflora Linnaeus [M&H; Le Duc 1995; W&S]
sweet four-o’clock
Mirabilis longiflora Linnaeus var. wrightiana (Gray ex Britton & Kearney) Kearney &
Peebles
Mirabilis wrightiana Gray ex Britton & Kearney
melanotricha (Standley) Spellenberg [Spellenberg 1998; W&S]
Standley’s four-o’clock
Allionia melanotricha Standley
multiflora (Torrey) Gray var. glandulosa (Standley) MacBride [Heil 2007]
Colorado four-o’clock
Quamoclidion multiflorum Torrey subsp. glandulosum Standley
multiflora (Torrey) Gray var. multiflora [M&H; W&S]
Colorado four-o’clock
Oxybaphus multiflorus Torrey
Quamoclidion multiflorum Torrey
nyctaginea (Michaux) MacMillan [M&H; Turner 1993]
heart-leaf four-o’clock
Allionia nyctaginea Michaux
Oxybaphus nyctagineus (Michaux) Sweet
oblongifolia (A. Gray) Heimerl = Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl
oxybaphoides (Gray) Gray [M&H; W&S]
spreading four-o’clock
Allionella oxybaphoides (Gray) Rydberg

356
 Allionella oxybaphoides (Gray) Rydberg var. glabrata (Heimerl) Standley
Mirabilis oxybaphoides (Gray) Gray var. glabrata Heimerl
Oxybaphus wrightii Hemsley
Quamoclidion oxybaphoides Gray
oxybaphoides (Gray) Gray var. glabrata Heimerl = Mirabilis oxybaphoides (Gray) Gray
pumila (Standley) Standley = Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl
wrightiana Gray ex Britton & Kearney = Mirabilis longiflora Linnaeus
Nyctaginea devil’s-bouquet
capitata Choisy [M&H; W&S]
devil’s-bouquet
Nyctaginea cockerellae A. Nelson
cockerellae A. Nelson = Nyctaginea capitata Choisy
Oxybaphus albidus (Walter) Choisy = Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl
carletonii (Standley) Weatherby = Mirabilis glabra (S. Watson) Standley
coccineus Torrey = Mirabilis coccineus (Torrey) Bentham & Hooker f.
comatus (Small) Weatherby = Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl
decumbens Nuttall = Mirabilis decumbens (Nuttall) Daniels
diffusus (Heller) Martin & Hutchins ined. [This combination not validly published by M&H; see
ICBN, Article 33] = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl
glaber S. Watson = Mirabilis glabra (S. Watson) Standley
hirsutus (Pursh) Sweet = Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl
lanceolatus (Rydberg) Standley = Mirabilis lanceolata (Rydberg) Standley
linearifolius S. Watson = Mirabilis coccineus (Torrey) Bentham & Hooker f.
linearis (Pursh) Robinson var. decipiens (Standley) Kearney & Peebles = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh)
Heimerl
linearis (Pursh) Robinson var. linearis = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl
linearis (Pursh) Robinson var. subhispidus (Heimer) Dayton = Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl
multiflorus Torrey = Mirabilis multiflora (Torrey) Gray var. multiflora
nyctagineus (Michaux) Sweet = Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michaux) MacMillan
pumilus (Standley) Standley = Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl
wrightii Hemsley = Mirabilis oxybaphoides (Gray) Gray
Quamoclidion multiflorum Torrey = Mirabilis multiflora (Torrey) Gray var. multiflora
multiflorum Torrey subsp. glandulosum Standley = Mirabilis multiflora (Torrey) Gray var.
glandulosa (Standley) Macbride
oxybaphoides Gray = Mirabilis oxybaphoides (Gray) Gray
Selinocarpus chenopodioides Gray = Acleisanthes chenopodioides (A. Gray) R.A. Levin
diffusus Gray = Acleisanthes diffusus (A. Gray) R.A. Levin
lanceolatus Wooton = Acleisanthes lanceolatus (Wooton) R.A. Levin
Tripterocalyx sand-puffs
Galloway, L.A. 1975. Systematics of the North American desert species of Abronia and Tripterocalyx
(Nyctaginaceae). Brittonia 27:328-347.
carneus (Greene) Galloway [Galloway 1975; M&H; W&S]
winged sand-puffs
Abronia carnea Greene
Tripterocalyx cyclopterus sensu Standley
carneus (Greene) Galloway var. wootonii (Standley) Galloway = Tripterocalyx wootonii Standley
cyclopterus sensu Standley = Tripterocalyx carneus (Greene) Galloway
micranthus (Torrey) Hooker [Galloway 1975; M&H; W&S]
small-flower sand-puffs
Abronia micrantha Torrey
Tripterocalyx micranthus (Torrey) Hooker forma albus Moldenke
micranthus (Torrey) Hooker forma albus Moldenke = Tripterocalyx micranthus (Torrey) Hooker
wootonii Standley [Galloway 1975; M&H; W&S]
Wooton’s sand-puffs
Tripterocalyx carneus (Greene) Galloway var. wootonii (Standley) Galloway
Wedelia glabra (Choisy) Standley = Allionia choisyi Standley
incarnata (Linnaeus) Cockerell subsp. villosa Standley = Allionia incarnata Linnaeus var. villosa
(Standley) B.L. Turner
Wedeliella glabra (Choisy) Cockerell = Allionia choisyi Standley

357
 incarnata (Linnaeus) Cockerell = Allionia incarnata Linnaeus var. incarnata
incarnata (Linnaeus) Cockerell var. anodonta (Standley) Cockerell = Allionia incarnata Linnaeus
var. incarnata

Family NYMPHAEACEAE
Nuphar pond-lily
Wiersema, J.H. & C.B. Hellquist. 1997. Nuphar, pp. 67-71. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University
Press.
polysepala Engelmann [M&H; Wiersema & Hellquist 1997]
yellow pond-lily
Nymphaea polysepala (Engelmann) Greene
Nymphaea water-lily
Wiersema, J.H. 1997. Nymphaea, pp. 71-77. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
Allred, K.W. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 20:8. [Nymphaea mexicana]
*mexicana Zuccarini [Allred 2001]
Mexican water-lily
*odorata Aiton [Wiersema 1997]
white water-lily
polysepala (Engelmann) Greene = Nuphar polysepala Engelmann

Family OLEACEAE
Adelia neomexicana (Gray) Kuntze = Forestiera pubescens Nuttall
Forestiera desert-olive
Hess, W.J. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 14:4. [Forestiera shrevei]
neomexicana Gray = Forestiera pubescens Nuttall
pubescens Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico desert-olive
Adelia neomexicana (Gray) Kuntze
Forestiera neomexicana Gray
Forestiera pubescens Nuttall var. glabrifolia Shinners
pubescens Nuttall var. glabrifolia Shinners = Forestiera pubescens Nuttall
shrevei Standley [Hess 2000]
Shreve’s desert-olive
Fraxinus ash
Elias, T.S. 1980. The Complete Trees of North America. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Fraxinus pennsylvanica]
Huff, C. 1996. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 3:6. [Fraxinus lowellii]
Miller, G.N. 1955. The genus Fraxinus, the ashes, in North America, north of Mexico. New York State College Agr.
Mem. (Cornell Univ.) 335. 1-64.
anomala Torrey ex S. Watson var. anomala [M&H; W&S]
singleleaf ash
anomala Torrey ex S. Watson var. lowellii (Sargent) Little = Fraxinus lowellii Sargent
attenuata M.E. Jones = Fraxinus velutina Torrey
berlandieriana A. A.P. de Candolle : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
cuspidata Torrey [M&H; W&S]
fragrant ash
lowellii Sargent [Huff 1996]
Lowell’s ash
Fraxinus anomala Torrey ex S. Watson var. lowellii (Sargent) Little
greggii Gray [M&H]
Gregg’s ash
papillosa Lingelsheim [M&H]
Chihuahua ash
*pennsylvanica Marshall [Heil et al. 2002]
green ash
pennsylvanica Marshall subsp. velutina (Torrey) G.N. Miller = Fraxinus velutina Torrey
velutina Torrey [M&H; W&S]

358
 velvet ash
Fraxinus attenuata M.E. Jones
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall subsp. velutina (Torrey) G.N. Miller
Fraxinus velutina Torrey var. glabra (Thornber) Rehder
Fraxinus velutina Torrey var. toumeyi (Britton) Rehder
velutina Torrey var. glabra (Thornber) Rehder = Fraxinus velutina Torrey
velutina Torrey var. toumeyi (Britton) Rehder = Fraxinus velutina Torrey
Ligustrum privet
Allred, B.W. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Ligustrum vulgare]
Nesom, G.L. 2009. Taxonomic overview of Ligustrum (Oleaceae) naturalized in North America north of Mexico.
Phytologia 91(3):467-482.
*vulgare Linnaeus [Allred, B.W. 2000]
European privet
Menodora menodora
Turner, B.L. 1991. An overview of the North American species of Menodora (Oleaceae). Phytologia 71:340-356.
decemfida (Gill ex Hooker & Arnott) Gray var. longifolia Steyermark : Reported by Kartesz (1999),
citing Steyermark (1932) as the source, but the latter work does not include New
Mexico in the distribution of var. longifolia.
laevis Wooton & Standley = Menodora scabra Gray
longiflora Gray [M&H; W&S]
showy menodora
Menodoropsis longiflora (Gray) Small
scabra Gray var. laevis (Wooton & Standley) Steyermark = Menodora scabra Gray
scabra Gray var. ramosissima Steyermark = Menodora scabra Gray
scabra Gray [M&H; W&S]
rough menodora, frog’s eyes
Menodora laevis Wooton & Standley
Menodora scabra Gray var. laevis (Wooton & Standley) Steyermark
Menodora scabra Gray var. ramosissima Steyermark
Menodora scoparia Engelmann
scoparia Engelmann = Menodora scabra Gray
Menodoropsis longiflora (Gray) Small = Menodora longiflora Gray
Syringa lilac
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Syringa vulgaris]
*vulgaris Linnaeus [Hartman et al. 2006]
lilac

Family ONAGRACEAE
[Epilobiaceae]
Raven, P.H. 1976. Generic and sectional delimitation in Onagraceae, tribe Epilobieae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
63:326-340.
Wagner, W.L., P.C. Hoch, & P.H. Raven. 2007. Revised classification of the Onagraceae. Syst. Bot. Monographs vol.
83.
Anogra albicaulis (Pursh) Britton = Oenothera albicaulis Pursh
amplexicaulis (Wooton & Standley) Tidestrom = Oenothera pubescens Willdenow ex Sprengel
coronopifolia (Torrey & Gray) Britton = Oenothera coronopifolia Torrey & Gray
ctenophylla Wooton & Standley = Oenothera albicaulis Pursh
engelmannii Wooton & Standley = Oenothera engelmannii (Wooton & Standley) Munz
gypsophila (Eastwood) Heller = Oenothera pallida Lindley subsp. runcinata (Engelmann) Munz &
Klein
latifolia Rydberg = Oenothera pallida Lindley subsp. latifolia (Rydberg) Munz
leucotricha Wooton & Standley = Oenothera pallida Lindley subsp. runcinata (Engelmann) Munz &
Klein
neomexicana Small = Oenothera neomexicana (Small) Munz
pallida (Lindley) Britton = Oenothera pallida Lindley subsp. pallida
pallida (Lindley) Britton var. runcinata (Engelmann) Small = Oenothera pallida Lindley subsp.
runcinata (Engelmann) Munz & Klein
albicaulis Britton var. runcinata Engelmann = Oenothera pallida Lindley subsp. runcinata
(Engelmann) Munz & Klein

359
 runcinata (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley = Oenothera pallida Lindley subsp. runcinata
(Engelmann) Munz & Klein
Boisduvalia campestris Jepson = Epilobium campestre (Jepson) Hoch & W.L. Wagner
glabella (Nuttall) Walpers = Epilobium campestre (Jepson) Hoch & W.L. Wagner
Calylophus berlandieri Spach subsp. berlandieri = Oenothera berlandieri (Spach) Steudel subsp.
berlandieri
berlandieri Spach subsp. pinifolius (Engelmann ex Gray) Towner = Oenothera berlandieri (Spach)
Steudel subsp. pinifolia (Engelmann ex Gray) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
berlandieri Spach subsp. pinifolius (Engelmann ex Gray) Towner = Oenothera berlandieri (Spach)
Steudel subsp. pinifolia (Engelmann ex Gray) W.L Wagner & Hoch
hartwegii (Bentham) Raven subsp. fendleri (Gray) Towner & Raven = Oenothera hartwegii
Bentham subsp. fendleri (Gray) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
hartwegii (Bentham) Raven subsp. filifolius (Eastwood) Towner & Raven = Oenothera hartwegii
Bentham subsp. filifolia (Eastwood) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
hartwegii (Bentham) Raven subsp. hartwegii [=Oenothera hartwegii Bentham subsp. hartwegii] :
Reported by M&H and W&S, but the typical subspecies is not known in NM
[Towner 1977].
hartwegii (Bentham) Raven subsp. lavandulifolius (Torrey & Gray) Towner & Raven = Oenothera
lavandulifolia Torrey & Gray
hartwegii (Bentham) Raven subsp. pubescens (Gray) Towner & Raven = Oenothera hartwegii
Bentham subsp. pubescens (Gray) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
hartwegii (Bentham) Raven subsp. toumeyi (Small) Towner & Raven = Oenothera toumeyi (Small)
Tidestrom
lavandulifolius (Torrey & Gray) Raven = Oenothera lavandulifolia Torrey & Gray
serrulatus (Nuttall) Raven = Oenothera serrulata Nuttall
toumeyi (Small) Towner = Oenothera toumeyi (Small) Tidestrom
tubicula (Gray) Raven = Oenothera tubicula Gray
Camissonia suncup
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Camissonia parvula]
Raven, P.H. 1969. A revision of the genus Camissonia (Onagraceae). Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 37:161-396.
chamaenerioides (Gray) Raven = Eremothera chamaenerioides (A. Gray) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
claviformis (Torrey & Fremont) Raven subsp. peeblesii (Munz) Raven = Chylismia claviformis
Torrey & Fremont subsp. peeblesii (Munz) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
multijuga (S. Watson) Raven = Chylismia walkeri A. Nelson
parvula (Nuttal ex Torrey & Gray) Raven [Heil et al. 2002]
little suncup
Oenothera parvula Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray
refracta (S. Watson) Raven = Eremothera refracta (S. Watson) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
scapoidea (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) Raven subsp. scapoidea = Chylismia scapoidea (Torrey &
Gray) Nuttall ex Raimann subsp. scapoidea
walkeri (A. Nelson) Raven = Chylismia walkeri A. Nelson
Chamerion fireweed
Baum, D.A., K.J. Systsma, & P.C. Hoch. 1994. a phylogenetic analysis of Epilobium (Onagraceae) based on nuclear
ribosomal DNA sequences. Syst. Bot. 19:363-388.
Chen, C.-j., P.C. Hoch, & P.H. Raven. 1992. Systematics of Epilobium (Onagraceae) in China. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 34.
Mosquin, T. 1966. A new taxonomy for Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae). Brittonia 18:167-188.
angustifolium (Linnaeus) Holub subsp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Hoch [M&H; W&S]
fireweed
Epilobium angustifolium Linnaeus var. canescens Wood
Epilobium angustifolium Linnaeus subsp. circumvagum Mosquin
Chylismia suncup
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Chylismia walkeri]
Wagner, W.L., P.C. Hoch, & P.H. Raven. 2007. Revised classification of the Onagraceae. Syst. Bot. Monographs vol.
83.
claviformis subsp. peeblesii (Munz) W.L. Wagner & Hoch [M&H]
brown-eyes
Camissonia claviformis (Torrey & Fremont) Raven subsp. peeblesii (Munz) Raven
Oenothera claviformis Torrey & Fremont var. peeblesii Munz

360
 scapoidea (Torrey & Gray) Nuttall ex Raimann subsp. scapoidea [M&H]
Paiute suncup
Camissonia scapoidea (Torrey & Gray) Raven subsp. scapoidea
Oenothera scapoidea Torrey & Gray
walkeri A. Nelson [Heil et al. 2002]
Walker’s suncup
Camissonia multijuga (S. Watson) Raven
Camissonia walkeri (A. Nelson) Raven
Oenothera multijuga S. Watson var. orientalis Munz
Circaea enchanter’s-nightshade
Boufford, D.E. 1982 (1983). The systematics and evolution of Circaea (Onagraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
69:804-994.
alpina Linnaeus subsp. alpina [M&H; W&S]
alpine enchanter’s-nightshade
alpina Linnaeus subsp. pacifica (Ascherson & Magnus) Raven [M&H]
alpine enchanter’s-nightshade
Circaea pacifica Ascherson & Magnus
pacifica Ascherson & Magnus = Circaea alpina Linnaeus subsp. pacifica (Ascherson & Magnus)
Raven
Epilobium willow-herb
Chen, C.-j., P.C. Hoch, & P.H. Raven. 1992. Systematics of Epilobium (Onagraceae) in China. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 34.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Epilobium palustre]
Raven, P.H. 1976. Generic and sectional delimitation in Onagraceae, tribe Epilobieae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
63:326-340.
Reif, B., J. Larson, B.R. Jacobs, B.E. Nelson, & R.L. Hartman. 2009. Floristic studies in north central New Mexico,
U.S.A., the Tusa Mountains and the Jemez Mountains. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3(2):921-961. [Epilobium
campestre, Epilobium ciliatum glandulosum]
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, & C. Keller. 1995 [1996]. Additions to the floras of Colorado and New Mexico. Phytologia
79(5):319-324. [Epilobium hornemanni lactiflorum]
adenocaulon Haussknecht = Epilobium ciliatum Rafinesque
adenocaulon Haussknecht var. parishii (Trelease) Munz = Epilobium ciliatum Rafinesque
adenocaulon Haussknecht var. perplexans Trelease = Epilobium ciliatum Rafinesque
adenocladon (Haussknecht) Rydberg = Epilobium brachycarpum C. Presl
anagallidifolium Lamarck = Epilobium alpinum Linnaeus
alpinum Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
alpine willow-herb
Epilobium anagallidifolium Lamarck
angustifolium Linnaeus var. canescens Wood = Chamerion angustifolium (Linnaeus) Holub subsp.
circumvagum Mosquin
angustifolium Linnaeus subsp. circumvagum Mosquin = Chamerion angustifolium (Linnaeus) Holub
subsp. circumvagum Mosquin
brachycarpum C. Presl [M&H; W&S]
annual willow-herb
Epilobium paniculatum Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray
Epilobium adenocladon (Haussknecht) Rydberg
Epilobium paniculatum Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray forma adenocladon Haussknecht
Epilobium paniculatum Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray forma subulatum Haussknecht
californicum Haussknecht = Epilobium ciliatum Rafinesque
campestre (Jepson) Hoch & W.L. Wagner [Reif et al. 2009]
smooth willow-herb
Boisduvalia campestris Jepson
Boisduvalia glabella (Nuttall) Walpers
Epilobium pygmaeum (Spegazzini) Hoch & P.H. Raven
canum (Greene) Raven var. latifolium (Hooker) N.H. Holmgren & P.K. Holmgren
[M&H; W&S]
humingbird-trumpets
Zauschneria californica Presl subsp. latifolia (Hooker) Keck
Zauschneria californica Presl var. latifolia Hooker
Zauschneria arizonica A. Davidson

361
 Zauschneria latifolia Greene var. arizonica (A. Davidson) Hilend
ciliatum Rafinesque var. ciliatum [M&H; W&S]
fringed willow-herb
Epilobium adenocaulon Haussknecht
Epilobium adenocaulon Haussknecht var. parishii (Trelease) Munz
Epilobium adenocaulon Haussknecht var. perplexans Trelease
Epilobium californicum Haussknecht
Epilobium fendleri Haussknecht
Epilobium novomexicanum Haussknecht
ciliatum Rafinesque var. glandulosum (Lehmann) Dorn [Reif et al. 2009]
fringed willow-herb
drummondii Haussknecht = Epilobium saximontanum Houssknecht
fendleri Haussknecht = Epilobium ciliatum Rafinesque
hallianum Haussknecht [W&S]
glandular willow-herb
hornemannii Reichenbach var. hornemannii [M&H]
Hornemann’s willow-herb
hornemannii Reichenbach var. lactiflorum (Haussknecht) D. Löve = Epilobium lactiflorum
Haussknecht
lactiflorum Haussknecht [Sivinski et al. 1995]
milky willow-herb
Epilobium hornemannii Reichenbach var. lactiflorum (Haussknecht) D. Löve
leptophyllum Rafinesque [M&H; W&S]
bog willow-herb
Epilobium lineare sensu W&S
lineare sensu W&S = Epilobium leptophyllum Rafinesque
novomexicanum Haussknecht = Epilobium ciliatum Rafinesque
ovatifolium Rydberg = Epilobium saximontanum Haussknecht
palustre Linnaeus [Heil et al. 2002]
marsh willow-herb
paniculatum Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray = Epilobium brachycarpum C. Presl
paniculatum Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray forma adenocladon Haussknecht = Epilobium brachycarpum
C. Presl
paniculatum Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray forma subulatum Haussknecht = Epilobium brachycarpum C.
Presl
pygmaeum (Spegazzini) Hoch & P.H. Raven = Epilobium campestre (Jepson) Hoch & W.L. Wagner
saximontanum Haussknecht [M&H]
Rocky Mountain willow-herb
Epilobium drummondii Haussknecht
Epilobium ovatifolium Rydberg
Eremothera suncup
Wagner, W.L., P.C. Hoch, & P.H. Raven. 2007. Revised classification of the Onagraceae. Syst. Bot. Monographs vol.
83.
chamaenerioides (Gray) W.L. Wagner & Hoch [M&H; W&S]
fireweed suncup
Camissonia chamaenerioides (Gray) Raven
Oenothera chamaenerioides Gray
Sphaerostigma chamaenerioides (Gray) Small
refracta (S. Watson) W.L. Wagner & Hoch [M&H]
narrow-leaf suncup
Camissonia refracta (S. Watson) Raven
Oenothera deserti M.E. Jones
Oenothera refracta S. Watson
Sphaerostigma deserti (M.E. Jones) Heller
Sphaerostigma refractum (S. Watson) Small
Galpinsia carlsbadiana Nelson = Oenothera tubicula Gray
camporum Wooton & Standley = Oenothera hartwegii Bentham subsp. pubescens (Gray) W.L.
Wagner & Hoch

362
 fendleri (Gray) Heller = Oenothera hartwegii Bentham subsp. fendleri
filifolia (Eastwood) Wooton = Oenothera hartwegii Bentham subsp. filifolia (Eastwood) W.L.
Wagner & Hoch
glandulifera A. Nelson = Oenothera tubicula Gray
hartwegii (Bentham) Britton = Oenothera hartwegii Bentham subsp. hartwegii
lampsana (Buckley) Wooton & Standley = Oenothera hartwegii Bentham subsp. pubescens (Gray)
W.L. Wagner & Hoch
lavandulifolia (Torrey & Gray) Small = Oenothera lavandulifolia Torrey & Gray
toumeyi Small = Oenothera toumeyi (Small) Tidestrom
tubicula (Gray) Small = Oenothera tubicula Gray
Gaura australis Grisebach = Oenothera curtiflora W.L. Wagner & Hoch
brassicacea Wooton & Standley = Oenothera hexandra (Ortega) W.L. Wagner & Hoch subsp.
gracilis (Wooton & Standley) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
cinerea Wooton & Standley = Oenothera cinerea (Wooton & Standley) W.L. Wagner
coccinea Nuttall ex Pursh = Oenothera suffrutescens (Seringe) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
coccinea Nuttall ex Pursh var. arizonica Munz = Oenothera suffrutescens (Seringe) W.L. Wagner &
Hoch
coccinea Nuttall ex Pursh var. epilobioides (Kunth) Munz = Oenothera suffrutescens (Seringe) W.L.
Wagner & Hoch
coccinea Nuttall ex Pursh var. glabra (Lehmann) Torrey & Gray = Oenothera suffrutescens
(Seringe) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
coccinea Nuttall ex Pursh var. parvifolia (Torrey) Torrey & Gray = Oenothera suffrutescens
(Seringe) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
epilobioides Kunth = Oenothera suffrutescens (Seringe) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
glandulosa Wooton & Standley = Oenothera hexandra (Ortega) W.L. Wagner & Hoch subsp.
gracilis (Wooton & Standley) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
gracilis Wooton & Standley = Oenothera hexandra (Ortega) W.L. Wagner & Hoch subsp. gracilis
(Wooton & Standley) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
gracilis Wooton & Standley forma glandulosa Munz = Oenothera hexandra (Ortega) W.L. Wagner
& Hoch subsp. gracilis (Wooton & Standley) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
gracilis Wooton & Standley var. typica Munz = Oenothera hexandra (Ortega) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
subsp. gracilis (Wooton & Standley) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
hexandra Ortega = Oenothera hexandra (Ortega) W.L. Wagner & Hoch subsp. gracilis (Wooton &
Standley) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
hexandra Ortega subsp. gracilis (Wooton & Standley) Raven & Gregory = Oenothera hexandra
(Ortega) W.L. Wagner & Hoch subsp. gracilis (Wooton & Standley) W.L. Wagner
& Hoch
induta Wooton & Standley = Oenothera suffrutescens (Seringe) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
linearis Wooton & Standley = Oenothera suffrutescens (Seringe) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
linifolia Nuttall ex James = Oenothera glaucifolia W.L. Wagner & Hoch
mollis James = Oenothera curtiflora W.L. Wagner & Hoch
nealleyi Coulter = Oenothera suffulta (Engelmann) W.L. Wagner & Hoch subsp. nealleyi (Coulter)
W.L. Wagner & Hoch
neomexicana Wooton subsp. neomexicana = Oenothera coloradensis (Rydberg) subsp. neomexicana
(Wooton) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
parviflora Douglas ex Hooker = Oenothera curtiflora W.L. Wagner & Hoch
parviflora Douglas ex Hooker var. lachnocarpa Weatherby = Oenothera curtiflora W.L. Wagner &
Hoch
parviflora Douglas ex Hooker var. parviflora = Oenothera curtiflora W.L. Wagner & Hoch
parviflora Douglas ex Hooker var. typica Munz = Oenothera curtiflora W.L. Wagner & Hoch
parviflora Douglas ex Hooker var. typica Munz forma glabra Munz = Oenothera curtiflora W.L.
Wagner & Hoch
parvifolia Torrey = Oenothera suffrutescens (Seringe) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
podocarpa Wooton & Standley = Oenothera hexandra (Ortega) W.L. Wagner & Hoch subsp. gracilis
(Wooton & Standley) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
strigillosa Wooton & Standley = Oenothera hexandra (Ortega) W.L. Wagner & Hoch subsp. gracilis
(Wooton & Standley) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
suffrutescens Seringe = Oenothera suffrutescens (Seringe) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
suffulta Engelmann ex Gray subsp. nealleyi (Coulter) Raven & Gregory = Oenothera suffulta
(Engelmann) W.L. Wagner & Hoch subsp. nealleyi (Coulter) W.L. Wagner & Hoch

363
 villosa Torrey subsp. villosa = Oenothera cinerea (Wooton & Standley) W.L. Wagner
villosa Torrey var. arenicola Munz = Oenothera cinerea (Wooton & Standley) W.L. Wagner
Gaurella canescens (Torrey & Fremont) A. Nelson = Oenothera canescens Torrey & Fremont
guttulata Small = Oenothera canescens Torrey & Fremont
Gayophytum ground-smoke
Lewis, H. & J. Szweykowski. 1964. The genus Gayophytum (Onagraceae). Brittonia 16:343-391.
diffusum Torrey & Gray var. strictipes (Hooker) Dorn [M&H; W&S]
spreading ground-smoke
Gayophytum diffusum Torrey & Gray subsp. parviflorum Lewis & Szweykowski
Gayophytum intermedium Rydberg
Gayophytum nuttallii Torrey & Gray var. intermedium (Rydberg) Munz
Gayophytum ramosissimum Torrey & Gray var. strictipes Hooker
diffusum Torrey & Gray subsp. parviflorum Lewis & Szweykowski = Gayophytum diffusum Torrey
& Gray var. strictipes (Hooker) Dorn
intermedium Rydberg = Gayophytum diffusum Torrey & Gray var. strictipes (Hooker) Dorn
nuttallii Torrey & Gray var. intermedium (Rydberg) Munz = Gayophytum diffusum Torrey & Gray
var. strictipes (Hooker) Dorn
ramosissimum Torrey & Gray [M&H; W&S]
piñon ground-smoke
ramosissimum Torrey & Gray var. strictipes Hooker = Gayophytum diffusum Torrey & Gray var.
strictipes (Hooker) Dorn
Hartmannia rosea (Aiton) G. Don = Oenothera rosea Aiton
speciosa (Nuttall) Small = Oenothera speciosa Nuttall
Isnardia palustris Linnaeus = Ludwigia palustris (Linnaneus) Elliot
Jussiaea peploides Kunth = Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) Raven subsp. peploides
repens Linnaeus var. glabrescens Kuntze = Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) Raven subsp. peploides
repens Linnaeus var. peploides (Kunth) Grisebach = Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) Raven subsp.
peploides
Lavauxia brachycarpa (Gray) Britton = Oenothera brachycarpa Gray
flava A. Nelson = Oenothera flava (A. Nelson) Garrett
hamata Wooton & Standley = Oenothera flava (A. Nelson) Garrett
primiveris (Gray) Small = Oenothera primiveris Gray subsp. primiveris
taraxacoides Wooton & Standley = Oenothera flava (A. Nelson) Garrett
wrightii Small = Oenothera brachycarpa Gray
Ludwigia primrose-willow
Peng, C.-I. 1988. The biosystematics of Ludwigia sect. Microcarpium (Onagraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
75:970-1009.
Peng, C.-I. 1989. The systematics and evolution of Ludwigia sect. Microcarpium (Onagraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot.
Gard. 76:221-302.
Peng, C.-I., C.L. Schmidt, P.C. Hoch, & P.H. Raven. 2005. Systematics and evolution of Ludwigia section Dantia
(Onagraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 92(3):307-359.
Ramamoorthy, T.P. & E.M. Zardini. 1987. The systematics and evolution of Ludwigia sect. Myrtocarpus sensu lato
(Onagraceae). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19:1-120.
natans Elliott = Ludwigia repens J.R. Forster
palustris (Linnaeus) Elliott [M&H]
marsh primrose-willow
Isnardia palustris Linnaeus
peploides (Kunth) Raven subsp. peploides [M&H]
floating primrose-willow
Jussiaea peploides Kunth
Jussiaea repens Linnaeus var. glabrescens Kuntze
Jussiaea repens Linnaeus var. peploides (Kunth) Grisebach
repens J.R. Forster [M&H; Peng et al. 2005]
creeping primrose-willow
Ludwigia natans Elliott
Ludwigia repens J.R. Forster var. rotundata (Grisebach) Gomes
repens J.R. Forster var. rotundata (Grisebach) Gomes = Ludwigia repens J.R. Forster
Meriolix serrulata (Nuttall) Walpers = Calyophus serrulatus (Nuttall) Raven
Oenothera evening-primrose
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Oenothera pallida trichocalyx]

364
Dietrich, W., P.H. Raven, & W.L. Wagner. 1985. Revision of Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Emersonia
(Onagraceae). Syst. Bot. 10(1):29-48.
Dietrich, W. & W.L. Wagner. 1987. A new combination and new subspecies in Oenothera elata Kunth (Onagraceae).
Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74:151-152.
Dietrich, W. & W.L. Wagner. 1988. Systematics of Oenothera section Oenothera subsection Raimannia and
subsection Nutantigemma (Onagraceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 24:1-91.
Dietrich, W., W.L. Wagner, & P.H. Raven. 1997. Systematics of Oenothera Section Oenothera Subsection Oenothera
(Onagraceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 50.
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp.
[Oenothera triloba]
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Oenothera caespitosa caespitosa]
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Oenothera berlandieri pinifolia]
Sublette, M. 1980. A record of Stenosiphon linifolius (Nutt.) Heynh. (Onagraceae) from New Mexico. Southwest. Nat.
25(1): 103. [Oenothera glaucifolia]
Towner, H.F. 1977. The biosystematics of Calylophus (Onagraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 64:48-120.
Wagner, W.L. 1983. New species and combinations in the genus Oenothera (Onagraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
70:194-196.
Wagner, W.L. 1984. Reconsideration of Oenothera subg. Gauropsis (Onagraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
71:1114-1127.
Wagner, W.L. 1986. New Taxa in Oenothera (Onagraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 73:475-480.
Wagner, W.L., R.E. Stockhouse, & W.M. Klein. 1985. The systematics and evolution of the Oenothera caespitosa
species complex (Onagraceae). Missouri Bot. Gard. Monogr. Syst. Bot. 12:1-103.
Worthington, R.D. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Oenothera triloba]
albicaulis Pursh [M&H; W&S]
white-stem evening-primrose
Anogra albicaulis (Pursh) Britton
Anogra ctenophylla Wooton & Standley
Oenothera ctenophylla (Wooton & Standley) Tidestrom
albicaulis Pursh var. gypsophila Eastwood = Oenothera pallida Lindley subsp. runcinata
(Engelmann) Munz & Klein
amplexicaulis Wooton & Standley = Oenothera pubescens Willdenow ex Sprengel
australis (Wooton & Standley) Tidestrom = Oenothera brachycarpa Gray
berlandieri (Spach) Steudel subsp. berlandieri [Towner 1977]
Berlandier’s sundrops
Calylophus berlandieri Spach
berlandieri (Spach) Steudel subsp. pinifolia (Engelmann ex Gray) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
[Spellenberg et al. 1986]
Berlandier’s sundrops
Calylophus berlandieri Spach subsp. pinifolius (Engelmann ex Gray) Towner
Oenothera serrulata Nutt. var. pinifolia Engelmann ex A.Gray
*biennis Linnaeus [M&H]
king’s cure-all
Oenothera biennis Linnaeus subsp. centralis Munz
biennis Linnaeus subsp. centralis Munz = Oenothera biennis Linnaeus
biennis Linnaeus var. hirsutissima Gray ex S. Watson = Oenothera elata Kunth subsp. hirsutissima
(Gray ex S. Watson) Dietrich
brachycarpa Gray [M&H; W&S]
desert evening-primrose
Lavauxia brachycarpa (Gray) Britton
Lavauxia wrightii (Gray) Small
Oenothera brachycarpa Gray var. wrightii (Gray) Leveille
Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser subsp. australis (Wooton & Standley) Munz
Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser var. australis (Wooton & Standley) Munz
Oenothera australis (Wooton & Standley) Tidestrom
Oenothera wrightii Gray
Pachylophus australis Wooton & Standley
caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser subsp. australis (Wooton & Standley) Munz = Oenothera brachycarpa
Gray
caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser subsp. eximia (Gray) Munz = Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall subsp.
marginata (Nuttall) Munz

365
caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser subsp. caespitosa [Heil et al. 2002]
tufted evening-primrose
Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser var. montana (Nuttall) Durand
Pachylophus montanus (Nuttall) Rydberg
caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser subsp. macroglottis (Rydberg) W.L. Wagner, Stockhouse, &
Klein [Wagner et al. 1985; W&S]
tufted evening-primrose
Pachylophus hirsutus Rydberg
Pachylophus macroglottis Rydberg
caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser subsp. marginata (Nuttall ex Hooker & Arnott) Munz [M&H;
W&S]
tufted evening-primrose
Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser subsp. eximia (Gray) Munz
Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser var. eximia (Gray) Munz
Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser var. marginata (Nuttall ex Hooker & Arnott)
Durand
Oenothera eximia Gray
Oenothera marginata Nuttall ex Hooer & Arnott
Pachylophus eximius (Gray) Wooton & Standley
Pachylophus marginatus (Nuttall ex Hooker & Arnott) Rydberg
caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser var. eximia (Gray) Munz = Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser
subsp. marginata (Nuttall ex Hooker & Arnott) Munz
caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser var. marginata (Nuttall ex Hooker & Arnott) Durand = Oenothera
caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser subsp. marginata (Nuttall ex Hooker & Arnott) Munz
caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser subsp. montana (Nuttall) Munz = Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall ex
Fraser subsp. caespitosa
caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser subsp. navajoensis W.L. Wagner, Stockhouse, & Klein
[Wagner et al. 1985; W&S]
Navajo evening-primrose
Pachylophus caulescens Rydberg
canescens Torrey & Fremont [M&H; W&S]
spotted evening-primrose
Gaurella canescens (Torrey & Fremont) A. Nelson
Gaurella guttulata Small
chamaenerioides Gray = Camissonia chamaenerioides (Gray) Raven
cinerea (Wooton & Standley) W.L. Wagner [M&H; W&S]
wooly bee-blossom
Gaura cinerea Wooton & Standley
Gaura villosa Torrey [not Oenothera villosa Thunberg]
Gaura villosa Torrey var. arenicola Munz
claviformis Torrey & Fremont var. peeblesii Munz = Chylismia claviformis subsp. peeblesii (Munz)
W.L. Wagner & Hoch
coloradensis (Rydberg) subsp. neomexicana (Wooton) W.L. Wagner & Hoch [M&H;
W&S]
New Mexico bee-blossom
Gaura neomexicana Wooton [not Oenothera neomexicana (Small) Munz]
coronopifolia Torrey & Gray [M&H; W&S]
hairy-throat evening-primrose
Anogra coronopifolia (Torrey & Gray) Britton
ctenophylla (Wooton & Standley) Tidestrom = Oenothera albicaulis Pursh
curtiflora W.L. Wagner & Hoch [M&H; W&S]
velvet-weed
Gaura australis Grisebach
Gaura mollis James [not Oenothera mollis Renner]
Gaura parviflora Douglas ex Lehmann [not Oenothera parviflora Linnaeus]
Gaura parviflora Douglas ex Lehmann var. lachnocarpa Weatherby
Gaura parviflora Douglas ex Lehmann var. typica Munz
Gaura parviflora Douglas ex Lehmann var. typica Munz forma glabra Munz

366
deserti M.E. Jones = Camissonia refracta (S. Watson) Raven
elata Kunth subsp. hirsutissima (Gray ex S. Watson) Dietrich [Dietrich et al. 1997; M&H;
W&S]
Hooker’s evening-primrose
Onagra guttata ined.
Oenothera biennis Linnaeus var. hirsutissima Gray ex S. Watson
Oenothera hirsutissima (Gray ex S. Watson) Rydberg
Oenothera hookeri Torrey & Gray subsp. angustifolia (Gates) Munz
Oenothera hookeri Torrey & Gray var. angustifolia Gates
Oenothera hookeri Torrey & Gray subsp. hewittii Cockerell
Oenothera hookeri Torrey & Gray subsp. hirsutissima (Gray ex S. Watson) Munz
Oenothera irrigua Wooton & Standley
eximia Gray = Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser subsp. marginata (Nuttall ex Hooker &
Arnott) Munz
engelmannii (Wooton & Standley) Munz [M&H; W&S]
Engelmann’s evening-primrose
Anogra engelmannii Wooton & Standley
fendleri Gray = Oenothera hartwegii Bentham subsp. fendleri (Gray) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
filifolia (Eastwood) Tidestrom = Oenothera hartwegii Bentham subsp. filifolius (Eastwood) W.L.
Wagner & Hoch
flava (A. Nelson) Garrett [M&H; Wagner 1986; W&S]
long-tube evening-primrose
Lavauxia flava A. Nelson
Lavauxia hamata Wooton & Standley
Lavauxia taraxacoides Wooton & Standley
Oenothera hamata (Wooton & Standley) Tidestrom
Oenothera taraxacoides (Wooton & Standley) Munz
flava (A. Nelson) Garrett subsp. taraxacoides (Wooton & Standley) W.L. Wagner = Oenothera flava
(A. Nelson) Garrett
glaucifolia W.L. Wagner & Hoch [M&H; Sublette 1980]
false-gaura
Gaura linifolia Nuttall ex James
Stenosiphon linifolius (Nuttall ex James) Heynhold [not Oenothera linifolia Nuttall]
grandis (Britton) Smyth [M&H]
showy evening-primrose
Oenothera laciniata Hill var. grandiflora (S. Watson) Robinson
Oenothera laciniata Hill var. grandis Britton
greggii Gray = Oenothera hartwegii Betham subsp. pubescens (Gray) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
greggii Gray var. lampasana (Buckley) Munz = Oenothera hartwegii Betham subsp. pubescens
(Gray) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
greggii var. pubescens Gray = Oenothera hartwegii Betham subsp. pubescens (Gray) W.L. Wagner
& Hoch
hamata (Wooton & Standley) Tidestrom = Oenothera flava (A. Nelson) Garrett
hartwegii Bentham subsp. fendleri (Gray) W.L. Wagner & Hoch [M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s sundrops
Calylophus hartwegii (Bentham) Raven subsp. fendleri (Gray) Towner & Raven
Galpinsia fendleri (Gray) Heller
Oenothera fendleri Gray
hartwegii Bentham subsp. filifolia (Eastwood) W.L. Wagner & Hoch [M&H; W&S]
Hartweg’s sundrops
Calylophus hartwegii (Bentham) Raven subsp. filifolius (Eastwood) Towner & Raven
Galpinsia filifolia (Eastwood) Wooton
Oenothera filifolia (Eastwood) Tidestrom
Oenothera tubicula Gray var. filifolia Eastwood
hartwegii Bentham subsp. hartwegii : Reported by M&H and W&S, but the typical subspecies is not
known in NM [Towner 1977].
Calylophus hartwegii (Bentham) Raven
Galpinsia hartwegii (Bentham) Britton

367
hartwegii Bentham subsp. pubescens (Gray) W.L. Wagner [M&H; W&S]
Hartweg’s sundrops
Calylophus hartwegii (Bentham) Raven subsp. pubescens (Gray) Towner & Raven
Galpinsia camporum Wooton & Standley
Galpinsia lampsana (Buckley) Wooton & Standley
Oenothera greggii Gray
Oenothera greggii Gray var. lampasana (Buckley) Munz
Oenothera greggii var. pubescens Gray
Oenothera lampasana Buckley
hartwegii Bentham var. tourmeyi (Small) Munz = Oenothera toumeyi (Small) Tidestrom
hexandra (Ortega) W.L. Wagner & Hoch subsp. gracilis (Wooton & Standley) W.L.
Wagner & Hoch [M&H; W&S]
harlequin-bush
Gaura brassicacea Wooton & Standley
Gaura glandulosa Wooton & Standley
Gaura gracilis Wooton & Standley
Gaura gracilis Wooton & Standley forma glandulosa Munz
Gaura gracilis Wooton & Standley var. typica Munz
Gaura hexandra Ortega
Gaua hexandra Ortega subsp. gracilis (Wooton & Standley) Raven & Gregory
Gaura podocarpa Wooton & Standley
Gaura strigillosa Wooton & Standley
hirsutissima (Gray ex S. Watson) Rydberg = Oenothera elata Kunth subsp. hirsutissima (Gray ex S.
Watson) Dietrich
hookeri Torrey & Gray subsp. angustifolia (Gates) Munz = Oenothera elata Kunth subsp.
hirsutissima (Gray ex S. Watson) Dietrich
hookeri Torrey & Gray var. angustifolia Gates = Oenothera elata Kunth subsp. hirsutissima (Gray ex
S. Watson) Dietrich
hookeri Torrey & Gray subsp. hewittii Cockerell = Oenothera elata Kunth subsp. hirsutissima (Gray
ex S. Watson) Dietrich
hookeri Torrey & Gray subsp. hirsutissima (Gray ex S. Watson) Munz = Oenothera elata Kunth
subsp. hirsutissima (Gray ex S. Watson) Dietrich
irrigua Wooton & Standley = Oenothera elata Kunth subsp. hirsutissima (A. Gray ex S. Watson) W.
Dietrich
jamesii Torrey & Gray : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
kunthiana (Spach) Munz : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
Hartmannia kunthiana Spach
laciniata Hill [M&H; W&S]
cut-leaf evening-primrose
Oenothera laciniata Hill var. mexicana Small
Oenothera mexicana Spach
Raimannia laciniata (Hill) Rose
Raimannia mexicana (Spach) Wooton & Standley
laciniata Hill var. grandiflora (S. Watson) Robinson = Oenothera grandis (Britton) Smyth
laciniata Hill var. grandis Britton = Oenothera grandis (Britton) Smyth
laciniata Hill var. mexicana Small = Oenothera laciniata Hill
laciniata Hill subsp. pubescens (Willdenow ex Sprengel) Munz = Oenothera pubescens Willdenow
ex Sprengel
laciniata Hill subsp. pubescens (Willdenow ex Sprengel) Munz = Oenothera pubescens Willdenow
ex Sprengel
latifolia (Rybd.) Munz = Oenothera pallida Lindley subsp. latifolia (Rydberg) Munz
lavandulifolia Torrey & Gray [M&H; Towner 1977; W&S]
lavender-leaf sundrops
Calylophus hartwegii (Bentham) Raven subsp. lavandulifolius (Torrey & Gray) Towner
& Raven
Calylophus lavandulifolius (Torrey & Gray) Raven
Galpinsia lavandulifolia (Torrey & Gray) Small
Oenothera lavandulifolia Torrey & Gray var. glandulosa Munz
lavandulifolia Torrey & Gray var. glandulosa Munz = Oenothera lavandulifolia Torrey & Gray

368
longissima Rydberg subsp. longissima [M&H]
long-stem evening-primrose
macrosiphon Wooton & Standley = Oenothera organensis Munz
marginata Nuttall ex Hooer & Arnott = Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser subsp. marginata
(Nuttall ex Hooker & Arnott) Munz
mexicana Spach = Oenothera laciniata Hill
multijuga S. Watson var. orientalis Munz = Chylismia walkeri A. Nelson
neomexicana (Small) Munz [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico evening-primrose
Anogra neomexicana Small [not Gaura neomexicana Wooton]
+organensis Munz [M&H; W&S]
Organ Mountain evening-primrose
Oenothera macrosiphon Wooton & Standley [not Oenothera macrosiphon Lehmann]
pallida Lindley subsp. latifolia (Rydberg) Munz [M&H; W&S]
pale evening-primrose
Anogra latifolia Rydberg
Oenothera latifolia (Rybd.) Munz
pallida Lindley subsp. pallida [M&H; W&S]
pale evening-primrose
Anogra pallida (Lindley) Britton
pallida Lindley subsp. runcinata (Engelmann) Munz & Klein [M&H; W&S]
pale evening-primrose
Anogra albicaulis Britton var. runcinata Engelmann
Anogra gypsophila (Eastwood) Heller
Anogra leucotricha Wooton & Standley
Anogra pallida (Lindley) Britton var. runcinata (Engelmann) Small
Anogra runcinata (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley
Oenothera albicaulis Pursh var. gypsophila Eastwood
Oenothera runcinata (Engelmann) Munz
Oenothera runcinata (Engelmann) Munz var. brevifolia (Engelmann) Munz
Oenothera runcinata (Engelmann) Munz var. gypsophila (Eastwood) Munz
Oenothera runcinata (Engelmann) Munz var. leucotricha (Wooton & Standley) Standley
pallida Lindley subsp. trichocalyx (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) Munz & Klein [Allred 1999]
pale evening-primrose
Oenothera trichocalyx Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray
parvula Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray = Camissonia parvula (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) Raven
primiveris Gray subsp. primiveris [M&H; W&S]
early evening-primrose
Lavauxia primiveris (Gray) Small
procera Wooton & Standley = Oenothera villosa Thunberg subsp. strigosa (Rydberg) W. Dietrich &
P.H. Raven
pubescens Willdenow ex Sprengel [Dietrich & Wagner 1988; M&H]
South American evening-primrose
Anogra amplexicaulis (Wooton & Standley) Tidestrom
Oenothera amplexicaulis Wooton & Standley
Oenothera laciniata Hill subsp. pubescens (Willdenow ex Sprengel) Munz
Oenothera laciniata Hill var. pubescens (Willdenow ex Sprengel) Munz
refracta S. Watson = Camissonia refracta (S. Watson) Raven
rhombipetala Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray [Dietrich & Wagner 1988]
four-points evening-primrose
rosea L’Héretier ex Aiton [M&H; W&S]
rose evening-primrose
Hartmannia rosea (Aiton) G. Don
runcinata (Engelmann) Munz = Oenothera pallida Lindley subsp. runcinata (Engelmann) Munz &
Klein
runcinata (Engelmann) Munz var. brevifolia (Engelmann) Munz = Oenothera pallida Lindley subsp.
runcinata (Engelmann) Munz & Klein

369
runcinata (Engelmann) Munz var. gypsophila (Eastwood) Munz = Oenothera pallida Lindley subsp.
runcinata (Engelmann) Munz & Klein
runcinata (Engelmann) Munz var. leucotricha (Wooton & Standley) Standley = Oenothera pallida
Lindley subsp. runcinata (Engelmann) Munz & Klein
scapoidea Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray = Chylismia scapoidea (Torrey & Gray) Small subsp. scapoidea
serrulata Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
yellow sundrops
Calylophus serrulatus (Nuttall) Raven
Meriolix serrulata (Nuttall) Walpers
speciosa Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
pink-ladies
Hartmannia speciosa (Nuttall) Small
strigosa (Rydberg) Mackenzie & Bush = Oenothera villosa Thunberg subsp. strigosa (Rydberg) W.
Dietrich & P.H. Raven
suffrutescens (Seringe) W.L. Wagner & Hoch [M&H; W&S]
scarlet bee-blossom
Gaura coccinea Nuttall ex Pursh
Gaura coccinea Nuttall ex Pursh var. arizonica Munz
Gaura coccinea Nuttall ex Pursh var. epilobioides (Kunth) Munz
Gaura coccinea Nuttall ex Pursh var. glabra (Lehmann) Torrey & Gray
Gaura coccinea Nuttall ex Pursh var. parvifolia (Torrey) Torrey & Gray
Gaura epilobioides Kunth
Gaura glabra Lehmann
Gaura induta Wooton & Standley
Gaura linearis Wooton & Standley
Gaura parvifolia Torrey
Gaura suffrutescens Seringe
suffulta (Engelmann) W.L. Wagner & Hoch subsp. nealleyi (Coulter) W.L. Wagner &
Hoch [M&H]
Nealley’s bee-blossom
Gaura nealleyi Coulter
Gaura suffulta Engelmann ex Gray subsp. nealleyi (Coulter) Raven & Gregory
taraxacoides (Wooton & Standley) Munz = Oenothera flava (A. Nelson) Garrett
toumeyi (Small) Tidestrom [M&H; Towner 1977; W&S]
Toumey’s sundrops
Calylophus hartwegii (Bentham) Raven subsp. toumeyi (Small) Towner & Raven
Calylophus toumeyi (Small) Towner
Galpinsia toumeyi Small
Oenothera hartwegii Bentham var. toumeyi (Small) Munz
trichocalyx Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray = Oenothera pallida Lindley subsp. trichocalyx (Nuttall ex
Torrey & Gray) Munz & Klein
triloba Nuttall [Great Plains Flora Association 1977; Worthington 2000]
stemless evening-primrose
tubicula Gray [M&H; W&S]
Texas sundrops
Calylophus tubicula (Gray) Raven
Galpinsia carlsbadiana A. Nelson
Galpinsia glandulifera A. Nelson
Galpinsia tubicula (Gray) Small
tubicula Gray var. filifolia Eastwood = Oenothera hartwegii Bentham subsp. filifolius (Eastwood)
W.L. Wagner & Hoch
villosa Thunberg subsp. strigosa (Rydberg) W. Dietrich & P.H. Raven [Dietrich et al. 1997;
M&H; W&S]
hairy evening-primrose
not Gaura villosa Torrey
Oenothera procera Wooton & Standley
Oenothera strigosa (Rydberg) Mackenzie & Bush
Onagra strigosa Rydberg

370
 wrightii Gray = Oenothera brachycarpa Gray
Onagra guttata "Greene" : This name was never validly published, though it was attributed to Greene;
plants called this are referred to Oenothera elata Kunth subsp. hirsutissima (Gray ex
S. Watson) W. Dietrich (Dietrich et al. 1997).
strigosa Rydberg = Oenothera villosa Thunberg subsp. strigosa (Rydberg) W. Dietrich & P.H.
Raven
Pachylophus australis Wooton & Standley = Oenothera brachycarpa Gray
caulescens Rydberg = Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall subsp. navajoensis W.L. Wagner, Stockhouse, &
Klein
eximius (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall subsp. marginata (Nuttall) Munz
hirsutus Rydberg = Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall subsp. macroglottis (Rydberg) W.L. Wagner,
Stockhouse, & Klein
macroglottis Rydberg = Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall subsp. macroglottis (Rydberg) W.L. Wagner,
Stockhouse, & Klein
marginatus (Nuttall ex Hooker & Arnott) Rydberg = Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall subsp. marginata
(Nuttall ex Hooker & Arnott) Munz
Pachylophus montanus (Nuttall) Rydberg = Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall subsp. subsp. caespitosa
Raimannia laciniata (Hill) Rose = Oenothera laciniata Hill
mexicana (Spach) Wooton & Standley = Oenothera laciniata Hill
Sphaerostigma chamaenerioides (Gray) Small = Eremothera chamaenerioides (A. Gray) W.L. Wagner &
Hoch
deserti (M.E. Jones) Heller = Eremothera refracta (S. Watson) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
refractum (S. Watson) Small = Eremothera refracta (S. Watson) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
Stenosiphon linifolius (Nuttall ex James) Heynhold = Oenothera glaucifolia W.L. Wagner & Hoch
Zauschneria arizonica A. Davidson = Epilobium canum (Greene) Raven var. latifolium (Hooker) N.H.
Holmgren & P.K. Holmgren
californica Presl subsp. latifolia (Hooker) Keck = Epilobium canum (Greene) Raven var. latifolium
(Hooker) N.H. Holmgren & P.K. Holmgren
californica Presl var. latifolia Hooker = Epilobium canum (Greene) Raven var. latifolium (Hooker)
N.H. Holmgren & P.K. Holmgren
latifolia Greene var. arizonica (A. Davidson) Hilend = Epilobium canum (Greene) Raven var.
latifolium (Hooker) N.H. Holmgren & P.K. Holmgren

Family OROBANCHACEAE
Olmstead, R.G., C.W. dePamphilis, A.D. Wolfe, N.D. Young, W.J. Elisens, & P.A. Reeves. 2001. Disintegration of
the Scrophulariaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 88(2):348-361.
Agalinus false-foxglove
Canne, J.M. 1979 [1980]. A light and scanning electron microscope study of seed morphology in Agalinis
(Scrophulariaceae) and its taxonomic significance. Syst. Bot. 4:281-296.
Canne, J.M. 1980. Seed surface features in Auerolaria, Brachystigma, Tomanthera, and certain South American
Agalinis (Scrophulariaceae). Syst. Bot. 5:241-252.
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Agalinus calycina]
calycina Pennell [Peterson 2000]
leoncita
tenuifolia (Vahl) Rafinesque var. parviflora (Nuttall) Pennell [M&H]
false-foxglove
Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl var. parviflora Nuttall
Aphyllon arenosa Suksdorf = Orobanche ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. ludoviciana
cooperi Gray = Orobanche cooperi (Gray) Heller subsp. cooperi
Andenostegia wrightii (Gray) Greene = Cordylanthus wrightii Gray
Brachystigma desert-foxglove
Canne, J.M. 1980. Seed surface features in Auerolaria, Brachystigma, Tomanthera, and certain South American
Agalinis (Scrophulariaceae). Syst. Bot. 5:241-252.
wrightii (Gray) Pennell [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s desert-foxglove
Dasystoma wrightii (Gray) Wooton & Standley
Gerardia wrightii Gray
Buchnera canadensis Linnaeus = Glandularia canadensis (Linnaeus) Nuttall (Verbenaceae)
Castilleja paintbrush

371
Cockman, J.S. & R.D. Pieper. 1997. A preliminary checklist of plant species for the southern foothills of the
Sacramento Mountains, Otero County, New Mexico. NM Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Rpt. 721. [Castilleja
mexicana, as Castilleja tortifolia]
Egger, J.M. 2008. Nomenclatural changes and selected lectotypifications in Castilleja (Orobanchaceae). Phytologia
90(1):63-82.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Castilleja scabrida]
Holmgren, N.H. 1984. Scrophulariaceae, pp.344-506. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 4. New York Botanical Garden.
McIntosh, L. 1994. First report of Castilleja ornata (Scrophulariaceae) from the United States. Phytologia 76:329-
332.
Spellenberg, R., L. McIntosh, & L. Brouillet. 1993. New records of angiosperms from southern New Mexico.
Phytologia 75:224-230. [Castilleja exserta]
Turner, B.L., H. Nichols, G. Denny, & O. Doron. 2003. Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Texas, vol. 1. Sida, Botanical
Miscellany, No. 24.
angustifolia (Nuttall) G. Don s.s. : Reported in FNM I (ed 1) and including Castilleja chromosa A.
Nelson, but all of our plants are referrable to Castilleja chromosa A. Nelson.
austromontana Standley & Blumer [M&H; W&S]
Rincon paintbrush
chromosa A. Nelson [M&H; W&S]
desert paintbrush
Castilleja eremophila Wooton & Standley
confusa Greene = Castilleja miniata Douglas ex Hooker
crista-galli Rydberg = Castilleja miniata Douglas ex Hooker
eremophila Wooton & Standley = Castilleja chromosa A. Nelson
exilis A. Nelson = Castilleja minor (Gray) Gray var. exilis (A. Nelson) J.M. Egger
exserta (Heller) Chuang, & Heckard subsp. exserta [Spellenberg et al. 1993]
purple paintbrush
Orthocarpus exsertus Heller
Orthocarpus purpurascens Bentham
galeata A. Nelson = Castilleja patriotica Fernald
gloriosa Britton = Castilleja integra Gray
haydenii (Gray) Cockerell [M&H; W&S]
alpine paintbrush
Castilleja pallida Kunth var. haydenii Gray
inconstans Standley = Castilleja miniata Douglas ex Hooker
integra Gray [M&H; W&S]
southwestern paintbrush
Castilleja gloriosa Britton
Castilleja tomentosa Gray
lanceifolia Rydberg = Castelleja rhexifolia Rydberg
lanata Gray [M&H; W&S]
wooly paintbrush
lauta A. Nelson = Castilleja rhexiifolia Rydberg
laxa Gray = Castilleja tenuiflora Bentham
linariifolia Bentham [M&H; W&S]
Wyoming paintbrush
Castilleja linariifolia Bentham var. omnipubescens (Pennell) Clokey
Castilleja linearis Rydberg
linariifolia Bentham var. omnipubescens (Pennell) Clokey = Castilleja linariifolia Bentham
linearis Rydberg = Castilleja linariifolia Bentham
lineata Greene [M&H; W&S]
marshy paintbrush
luteovirens Rydberg = Castilleja sulphurea Rydberg
mexicana (Hemsley) Gray [Cockman 1997] Note: The voucher for Cockman’s report cannot be located,
but the Atlas for the Vascular Plants of Texas (Turner et al. 2003) shows this species in
northwest Culberson Co., Texas, next to the NM border, and 71 air miles southeast of the
Cockman collection; Cockman (1997) also reported Castilleja sessiliflora Pursh, so presumably
she noticed the difference; needs further verification.
Mexican paintbrush
Castilleja tortifolia Pennell

372
 Orthocarpus mexicanus Hemsley
miniata Douglas ex Hooker [M&H; W&S]
showy paintbrush
Castilleja confusa Greene
Castilleja crista-galli Rydberg
Castilleja inconstans Standley
Castilleja ×porterae Cockerell
Castilleja trinervis Rydberg
minor (Gray) Gray var. exilis (A. Nelson) J.M. Egger [M&H; W&S]
alkali paintbrush
Castilleja exilis A. Nelson
Castilleja stricta Rydberg
minor (Gray) Gray var. minor [Holmgren 1984]
alkali paintbrush
obtusiloba Rydberg = Castelleja rhexifolia Rydberg
occidentalis Torrey [M&H; W&S]
pale paintbrush
+organorum Standley [M&H; W&S]
Organ Mountain paintbrush
ornata Eastwood [McIntosh 1994]
glowing paintbrush
pallida Kunth var. haydenii Gray = Castilleja haydenii (Gray) Cockerell
patriotica Fernald [M&H]
Huachuca paintbrush
Castilleja galeata A. Nelson
×porterae Cockerell = Castilleja miniata Douglas ex Hooker Note: this is a hybrid between
Castilleja miniata and Castilleja sulphurea (Holmgren 1984).
rhexiifolia Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
rosy paintbrush
Castilleja lauta A. Nelson
Castilleja lanceifolia Rydberg
Castilleja obtusiloba Rydberg
rhexiifolia Rydberg var. sulphurea (Rydberg) Atwood = Castilleja sulphurea Rydberg
scabrida Eastwood [Heil et al. 2002]
rough paintbrush
septentrionalis Lindley sensu stricto : Reported by M&H, but NM plants called this belong to
Castilleja sulphurea Rydberg [Holmgren 1984].
sessiliflora Pursh [M&H; W&S]
Great Plains paintbrush
stricta Rydberg = Castilleja minor (Gray) Gray
sulphurea Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
sulphur-flowered paintbrush
Castilleja luteovirens Rydberg
Castilleja rhexiifolia Rydberg var. sulphurea (Rydberg) Atwood
tenuiflora Bentham [M&H]
Santa Catalina paintbrush
Castilleja laxa Gray
tortifolia Pennell = Castilleja mexicana (Hermsley) Gray
trinervis Rydberg = Castilleja miniata Douglas ex Hooker
tomentosa Gray = Castilleja integra Gray
wootonii Standley [M&H; W&S]
Wooton’s paintbrush
Chloropyron bird’s-beak
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Chloropyron maritimum, as Cordylanthus laxiflorus]
Tank, D.C., J.M. Egger, & R.G. Olmstead. 2009. Phylogenetic classification of subtribe Castillejinae
(Orobanchaceae). Syst. Bot. 34(1):182-197.

373
 maritimum (Nuttall ex Bentham) Heller [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
alkali bird’s-beak
Cordylanthus laxiflorus Gray
Cordylanthus maritimus Nuttall ex Bentham
Conopholis Indian-root
Haynes, R.R. 1969. Conopholis alpina Liebmann var. mexicana (Gray ex Watson) Haynes, comb. nov. Sida 3:347.
alpina Liebmann var. mexicana (Gray ex S. Watson) Haynes [Haynes 1969; M&H; W&S]
Mexican Indian-root
Conopholis mexicana Gray ex S. Watson
Orobanche multiflora Nuttall var. xanthochroa (A. Nelson & Cockerell) Munz
Orobanche xanthochroa A. Nelson & Cockerell
mexicana Gray ex S. Watson = Conopholis alpina Liebmann var. mexicana (Gray ex S. Watson)
Haynes
Cordylanthus bird’s-beak
Chuang, T.I. & L.R. Heckard. 1986. Systematics and evolution of Cordylanthus (Scrophulariaceae – Pedicularieae).
Syst. Bot. Monogr. 10:1-105.
Tank, D.C., J.M. Egger, & R.G. Olmstead. 2009. Phylogenetic classification of subtribe Castillejinae
(Orobanchaceae). Syst. Bot. 34(1):182-197.
laxiflorus Gray = Chloropyron maritimum (Nuttall ex Bentham) Heller
maritimus Nuttall ex Bentham = Chloropyron maritimum (Nuttall ex Bentham) Heller
tenuifolius Pennell = Cordylanthus wrightii Gray subsp. tenuifolius (Pennell) Chuang & Heckard
wrightii Gray subsp. tenuifolius (Pennell) Chuang & Heckard [Chuang & Heckard 1986]
Wright’s bird’s-beak
Cordylanthus tenuifolius Pennell
wrightii Gray subsp. wrightii [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s bird’s-beak
Andenostegia wrightii (Gray) Greene
Dasystoma wrightii (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Brachystigma wrightii (Gray) Pennell
Elephantella groenlandica (Retzius) Rydberg = Pedicularis groenlandica Retzius
Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl var. parviflora Nuttall = Agalinus tenuifolia (Vahl) Rafinesque var. parviflora
(Nuttall) Pennell
wrightii Gray = Brachystigma wrightii (Gray) Pennell
Myzorrhiza corymbosa Rydberg = Orobanche corymbosa (Rydberg) Ferris
ludoviciana (Nuttall) Rydberg = Orobanche ludoviciana Nuttall
multiflora (Nuttall) Rydberg = Orobanche ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. multiflora (Nuttall) Collins
Orobanche broom-rape
Achey, D.M. 1933. A revision of the section Gymnocaulis of the genus Orobanche. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60:441-
451.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Orobanche corymbosa]
Munz, P.A. 1931. The North American species of Orobanche, section Myzorrhiza. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 57:611-624.
White, H.L. & W.C. Holmes. 2001. Validation of the name Orobanche ludoviciana subsp. multiflora
(Orobanchaceae). Sida 19(3):623-624.
cooperi (Gray) Heller subsp. cooperi [M&H]
desert broom-rape
Aphyllon cooperi Gray
Orobanche ludoviciana Nuttall var. cooperi (Gray) G. Beck
Orobanche ludoviciana Nuttall var. latiloba Munz
corymbosa (Rydberg) Ferris [Heil et al. 2002]
flat-top broom-rape
Myzorrhiza corymbosa Rydberg
fasciculata Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
clustered broom-rape
Orobanche fasciculata Nuttall var. lutea (Parry) Achey
Thalesia fasciculata (Nuttall) Britton
Thalesia lutea (Parry) Rydberg
fasciculata Nuttall var. lutea (Parry) Achey = Orobanche fasciculata Nuttall
ludoviciana Nuttall var. arenosa (Suksdorf) Cronquist = Orobanche ludoviciana Nuttall subsp.
ludoviciana
ludoviciana Nuttall var. cooperi (Gray) G. Beck = Orobanche cooperi (Gray) Heller

374
 ludoviciana Nuttall var. latiloba Munz = Orobanche cooperi (Gray) Heller
ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. ludoviciana [M&H; W&S]
Louisiana broom-rape
Aphyllon arenosa Suksdorf
Orobanche multiflora Nuttall var. arenosa (Suksdorf) Munz
Myzorrhiza ludoviciana (Nuttall) Rydberg
ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. multiflora (Nuttall) Collins ex H.L. White & W.C. Holmes
[M&H; W&S]
Louisiana broom-rape
Myzorrhiza multiflora (Nuttall) Rydberg
Orobanche multiflora Nuttall
multicaulis Brandegee : Reported without documentation by Kartesz (1999); awaits verification.
multiflora Nuttall = Orobanche ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. multiflora (Nuttall) Collins
multiflora Nuttall var. arenosa (Suksdorf) Munz = Orobanche ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. ludoviciana
multiflora Nuttall var. xanthochroa (A. Nelson & Cockerell) Munz = Conopholis alpina Liebmann
var. mexicana (Gray ex S. Watson) Haynes
uniflora Linnaeus [M&H]
naked broom-rape
xanthochroa A. Nelson & Cockerell = Conopholus alpina Liebmann var. mexicana (Gray ex S.
Watson) Haynes
Orthocarpus owl-clover
Chuang, T.I. & L.R. Heckard. 1992. A taxonomic revision of Orthocarpus (Scrophulariaceae - Tribe Pediculareae).
Syst. Bot. 17(4):560-582.
luteus Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
yellow owl-clover
purpureo-albus Gray ex S. Watson [M&H; W&S]
purple owl-clover
mexicanus Hemsley = Castilleja mexicana (Hemsley) Gray
exsertus Heller = Castilleja exserta (Heller) Chuang & Heckard
purpurascens Bentham = Castilleja exserta (Heller) Chuang & Heckard
Pedicularis lousewort
Allred, K. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 31:1. [Pedicularis bracteosa]
Carr, G.D. 1971. Taxonomy of Pedicularis parryi (Scrophulariaceae). Brittonia 23:280-291.
Major, J. & S.A. Bamberg. 1963. Some cordilleran plant species new for the Sierra Nevada of California. Madroño
17(4):93-107. [Pedicularis crenulata]
Sprague, E.F. 1962. Pollination and evolution in Pedicularis (Scrophulariaceae). Aliso 5:181-209.
angustifolia Bentham [M&H; W&S]
Mogollon lousewort
Pedicularis angustissima Greene
angustissima Greene = Pedicularis angustifolia Bentham
bracteosa Bentham var. paysoniana (Pennell) Cronquist [Allred 2004]
tall lousewort
Pedicularis paysoniana Pennell
canadensis Linnaeus subsp. fluviatilis (Heller) Weber [M&H; W&S]
Canadian lousewort
Pedicularis fluviatilis Heller
centranthera Gray [M&H; W&S]
dwarf lousewort
crenulata Bentham subsp. alba Pennell [Major & Bamberg 1963]
purple lousewort
fluviatilis Heller = Pedicularis canadensis Linnaeus subsp. fluviatilis (Heller) Weber
grayi A. Nelson = Pedicularis procera Gray
groenlandica Retzius [M&H; W&S]
elephant-head
Elephantella groenlandica (Retzius) Rydberg
mogollonica Greene = Pedicularis parryi Gray
parryi Gray [M&H; W&S]
Parry’s lousewort

375
 Pedicularis mogollonica Greene
Pedicularis parryi Gray subsp. mogollonica (Greene) G.D. Carr
parryi Gray subsp. mogollonica (Greene) G.D. Carr = Pedicularis parryi Gray
paysoniana Pennell = Pedicularis bracteosa Bentham var. paysoniana (Pennell) Cronquist
procera Gray [M&H; W&S]
giant lousewort
Pedicularis grayi A. Nelson
racemosa Douglas ex Bentham [M&H; W&S]
parrot’s-beak
scopulorum Gray [M&H]
Rocky Mountain lousewort
Rhinanthus yellow-rattle
Hulst, R. van & B. Shipley. 1986. The systematic position of the genus Rhinanthus (Scrophulariaceae) in North
America. Can. J. Bot. 64(7):1443-1449.
Soo, R. 1970. Arten und unterarten der gattung Rhinanthus in Europe. Acta Bot. 16(1/2):193-206.
crista-galli sensu W&S = Rhinanthus minor Linnaeus subsp. minor
rigidus Chabert = Rhinanthus minor Linnaeus subsp. minor
minor Linnaeus subsp. minor [M&H; W&S]
little yellow-rattle
Rhinanthus crista-galli sensu W&S
Rhinanthus rigidus Chabert
Thalesia fasciculata (Nuttall) Britton = Orobanche fasciculata Nuttall
lutea (Parry) Rydberg = Orobanche fasciculata Nuttall

Family OXALIDACEAE
Ionoxalis alpina Rose = Oxalis alpina (Rose) Rose ex Kunth
amplifolia (Trelease) Rose = Oxalis latifolia Trelease
caerulea Small = Oxalis caerulea (Small) Knuth
grayi Rose = Oxalis decaphylla Kunth
metcalfei Small = Oxalis metcalfei (Small) Knuth
monticola Small = Oxalis metcalfei (Small) Knuth
violacea (Linnaeus) Small = Oxalis violacea Linnaeus
Oxalis wood-sorrel
Denton, M.F. 1973. A monograph of Oxalis, section Inoxalis (Oxalidaceae) in North America. Publ. of the Museum,
Michigan State University Biological Series 4(10):455-615.
Lourteig, A. 1979. Oxalidaceae extra-austroamericanae. II. Oxalis L. Section Corniculatae DC. Phytologia 42:57-198.
Nesom, G.L. 2009. Taxonomic notes on acaulescent Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) in the United States. Phytologia 91(3):501-
526.
Nesom, G.L. 2009. Notes on Oxalis sect. Corniculatae (Oxalidaceae) in the southwestern United States. Phytologia
91(3):527-533.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Oxalis corniculata pilosa]
Turner, B.L. 1994. Regional variation in the North American elements of Oxalis corniculata (Oxalidaceae).
Phytologia 77(1):1-7.
albicans Kunth = Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus var. wrightii (A. Gray) B.L. Turner
alpina (Rose) Rose ex Knuth s.s. : Not known from NM, but occurring in central and southwestern
Mexico; our material is referred to Oxalis metcalfei (Small) Knuth
Ionoxalis alpina Rose
amplifolia (Trelease) Knuth = Oxalis latifolia Trelease
bulbosa A. Nelson = Oxalis metcalfei (Small) Knuth
caerulea (Small) Knuth [Denton 1973; W&S]
blue wood-sorrel
Ionoxalis caerulea Small
corniculata Linnaeus var. pilosa (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) B.L. Turner [Spellenberg et al.
1986; Turner 1994]
yellow wood-sorrel
Oxalis pilosa Nuttall
corniculata Linnaeus var. wrightii (Gray) B.L. Turner [M&H; Turner 1994; W&S]
Wright’s yellow wood-sorrel
Oxalis albicans Kunth

376
 Oxalis stricta sensu NM authors, not Linnaeus
Oxalis wrightii Gray
Xanthoxalis albicans (Kunth) Small
Xanthoxalis wrightii (Gray) Abrams
decaphylla Kunth [Denton 1973; M&H; W&S]
ten-leaf wood-sorrel
Ionoxalis grayi Rose
Oxalis grayi (Rose) Knuth
dillenii Jacquin [=Oxalis stricta Linnaeus] : Reported by M&H, but NM material called this are
referred to Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus var. wrightii (A. Gray) B.L. Turner; Oxalis
stricta Linnaeus is not known from NM fide Turner (1994) and Lourteig (1979).
divergens Bentham var. amplifolia Trelease = Oxalis latifolia Trelease
grayi (Rose) Knuth = Oxalis decaphylla Kunth
latifolia Trelease [Denton 1973; M&H; W&S]
broad-leaf wood-sorrel
Oxalis amplifolia (Trelease) Knuth
Oxalis divergens Bentham var. amplifolia Trelease
Ionoxalis amplifolia (Trelease) Rose
metcalfei (Small) Knuth [M&H; Nesom 2009; W&S]
New Mexico wood-sorrel
Ionoxalis metcalfei Small
Ionoxalis monticola Small
Oxalis alpina of NM authors
Oxalis bulbosa A. Nelson
Oxalis monticola Small
Oxalis neomexicana Knuth
monticola Small = Oxalis metcalfei (Small) Knuth
neomexicana Knuth = Oxalis metcalfei (Small) Knuth
pilosa Nuttall = Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus var. pilosa (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) B.L. Turner
stricta sensu NM authors, not Linnaeus = Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus var. wrightii (A. Gray) B.L.
Turner
violacea Linnaeus : Reported by several authors for NM, but according to Nesom (2009), these
plants belong to Oxalis metcalfei (Small) Knuth and Oxalis latifolia Trelease.
Ionoxalis violacea (Linnaeus) Small
wrightii Gray = Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus var. wrightii (A. Gray) B.L. Turner
Xanthoxalis albicans (Kunth) Small = Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus var. wrightii (A. Gray) B.L. Turner
stricta sensu NM authors, not (Linnaeus) Small = Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus var. wrightii (A.
Gray) B.L. Turner
wrightii (Gray) Abrams = Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus var. wrightii (A. Gray) B.L. Turner

Family PAPAVERACEAE
Argemone prickly-poppy
Ownbey, G.B. 1958. Monograph of the genus Argemone for North America and the West Indies. Mem. Torrey Bot.
Club 21(1):1-159.
Ownbey, G.B. 1997. Argemone, pp. 314-322. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
Schwarzbach, A.E. & J.W. Kadereit. 1999. Phylogeny of prickly poppies, Argemone (Papaveraceae), and the
evolution of morphological and alkaloid characters based on ITS nrDNA sequence variation. Plant Syst.
Evol. 218:257-279.
aenea G.B. Ownbey : Reported by Kartesz (1999) without documentation; awaits verification.
hispida Gray [Ownbey 1997; M&H; W&S]
rough prickly-poppy
Argemone platyceras Link & Otto
intermedia Sweet = Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G. Ownbey
intermedia Sweet var. polyanthemos Fedde = Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G. Ownbey
platyceras Link & Otto = Argemone hispida Gray
+pleiacantha Greene subsp. pinnatisecta G. Ownbey [Ownbey 1997; M&H]
Sacramento prickly-poppy
pleiacantha Greene subsp. pleiacantha [Ownbey 1997; M&H]
southwestern prickly-poppy

377
 polyanthemos (Fedde) G. Ownbey [Ownbey 1997; M&H; W&S]
white prickly-poppy
Argemone intermedia Sweet
Argemone intermedia Sweet var. polyanthemos Fedde
squarrosa Greene subsp. glabrata G. Ownbey [Ownbey 1997; M&H]
hedgehog prickly-poppy
squarrosa Greene subsp. squarrosa [M&H; Ownbey 1997; W&S]
hedgehog prickly-poppy
Eschscholtzia poppy
Clark, C. 1978. Systematic studies of Eschscholtzia (Papaveraceae). I. The origin and affinities of E. mexicana. Syst.
Bot. 3(4):374-385.
californica Chamisso subsp. mexicana (Greene) C. Clark [M&H; W&S]
Mexican poppy
Eschscholtzia mexicana Greene
Eschscholtzia parvula (Gray) Cockerell
mexicana Greene = Eschscholtzia californica Chamisso subsp. mexicana (Greene) C. Clark
parvula (Gray) Cockerell = Eschscholtzia californica Chamisso subsp. mexicana (Greene) C. Clark
Papaver poppy
Kiger, R.W. & D.F. Murray. 1997. Papaver, pp. 323-333. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University
Press.
Spellenberg, R., L. McIntosh, and L. Brouillet. 1993. New records of angiosperms from southern New Mexico.
Phytologia 75:224-230. [Papaver rhoeas]
coloradense Fedde = Papaver radicatum Rottboell var. kluanensis (Löve) Murray
kluanensis D.Löve= Papaver radicatum Rottboell var. kluanensis (Löve) Murray
radicatum Rottboell var. kluanensis (Löve) Murray [Kiger & Murray 1997; M&H; W&S]
arctic poppy
Papaver coloradense Fedde
Papaver kluanensis D.Löve
nudicaule Linnaeus var. radicatum (Rottboell) A.P. de Candolle [=Papaver radicatum Rottboell
subsp. radicatum] : Reported as expected by M&H map, but Kiger & Murray
(1997) restrict this taxon to polar regions at the northernmost latitudes.
*rhoeas Linnaeus [Kiger & Murray 1997; Spellenberg et al. 1993]
corn poppy
*somniferum Linnaeus [Kiger & Murray 1997; M&H; W&S]
opium poppy

Family PARNASSIACEAE
Morgan, D.R. & D.E. Soltis. 1993. Phylogenetic relationships among members of Saxifragaceae sensu lato based on
rbcL sequence data. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80:631-660.
Parnassia grass-of-Parnassus
fimbriata Konig [M&H; W&S]
fringed grass-of-Parnassus
montanensis Fernald & Rydberg ex Rydberg = Parnassia palustris Linnaeus var. montanensis
(Fernald & Rydberg ex Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock
palustris Linnaeus var. montanensis (Fernald & Rydberg ex Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock
[M&H; W&S]
marshy grass-of-Parnassus
Parnassia montanensis Fernald & Rydberg ex Rydberg
Parnassia parviflora sensu NM authors
parviflora sensu NM authors = Parnassia palustris Linnaeus var. montanensis (Fernald & Rydberg
ex Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock

Family PASSIFLORACEAE
Passiflora passionflower
tenuiloba Engelmann [M&H]
passionflower

Family PEDALIACEAE
378
 [Martyniaceae]
Martynia altheaifolia Bentham = Proboscidea altheaifolia (Bentham) Decaisne
arenaria Engelmann = Proboscidea altheaifolia (Bentham) Decaisne
louisianica Miller = Proboscidea louisianica (Miller) Thellung
parviflora Wooton = Proboscidea parviflora (Wooton) Wooton & Standley
Proboscidea devil’s-claw
Bretting, P.K. 1982. Range extension of Proboscidia sabulosa Correll (Martyniaceae), a sand dune endemic. Southw.
Naturalist 27:228.
Bretting, P.K. 1983. The taxonomic relationship between Proboscidea louisianica and Proboscidea fragrans
(Martyniaceae). Southw. Natural. 28:445-449.
arenaria (Engelmann) Decaisne = Proboscidea althaeifolia (Bentham) Decaisne
althaeifolia (Bentham) Decaisne [M&H; W&S]
hollyhock devil’s-claw
Martynia altheaifolia Bentham
Proboscidea arenaria (Engelmann) Decaisne
Martynia arenaria Engelmann
louisiana (Miller) Wooton & Standley = Proboscidea louisianica (Miller) Thellung
louisianica (Miller) Thellung subsp. louisianica [M&H; W&S]
ram’s-horn, Louisiana devil’s-claw
Martynia louisianica Miller
parviflora (Wooton) Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
Wooton’s devil’s-claw
Martynia parviflora Wooton
sabulosa Correll [Bretting 1982]
sand-dune devil’s claw

Family PHYLLANTHACEAE = EUPHORBIACEAE

Family PHYTOLACCACEAE
Nienaber, M.A. & J.W. Thieret. 2003. Phytolaccaceae, pp. 3-11. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4. Oxford
University Press, New York.
Phytolacca pokeweed
McGrath, J. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 12:8. [Phytolacca americana]
americana Linnaeus var. americana [McGrath 1999; Nienaber & Thieret 2003]
American pokeweed
Rivina humble-weed
humilis Linnaeus [M&H; Nienaber & Thieret 2003; W&S]
humble-weed
Rivina portulacoides Nuttall
portulacoides Nuttall = Rivina humilis Linnaeus

Family PINGUICULACEAE = LENTIBULARIACEAE

Family PLANTAGINACEAE
[Callitrichaceae]
Olmstead, R.G., C.W. dePamphilis, A.D. Wolfe, N.D. Young, W.J. Elisens, & P.A. Reeves. 2001. Disintegration of
the Scrophulariaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 88(2):348-361.
Antirrhinum antirrhiniflora (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Hitchcock = Maurandya
antirrhiniflora Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow
dalmaticum Linnaeus = Linaria dalmatica (Linnaeus) Miller
Bacopa water-hyssop
Barrett, S.C.H. & J.L. Strother. 1978. Taxonomy and natural history of Bacopa (Scrophulariaceae) in California. Syst.
Bot. 3:408-419.
Pennell, F.W. 1946. Reconsideration of the Bacopa-Herpestis problem of the Scrophulariaceae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia 98:83-98.
rotundifolia (Michaux) Wettstein [M&H]
water-hyssop
Monniera rotundifolia Michaux
Besseya alpina (Gray) Rydberg = Synthyris alpina Gray

379
 arizonica Pennell = Synthyris plantaginea (James) Bentham
oblongifolia Pennell = Synthyris oblongifolia (Pennell) Hufford & McMahon
plantaginea (James) Rydberg = Synthyris plantaginea (James) Bentham
Callitriche water-starwort
Ricketson, J. 1995. Callitrichaceae. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 29(1):15-16.
autumnalis Linnaeus = Callitriche hermaphroditica Linnaeus
hermaphroditica Linnaeus [M&H]
autumn water-starwort
Callitriche autumnalis Linnaeus
heterophylla Pursh [M&H]
greater water-starwort
palustris Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
vernal water-starwort
Callitriche verna Linnaeus
verna Linnaeus = Callitriche palustris Linnaeus
Chelone barbata Cavanilles = Penstemon barbatus (Cavanilles) Roth subsp. barbatus
Collinsia blue-eyed-Mary
Newsom, V.M. 1929. A revision of the genus Collinsia (Scrophulariaceae). Bot. Gaz. 87:260-301.
parviflora Douglas [M&H]
blue-eyed-Mary
Collinsia tenella (Pursh) Piper
tenella auctores non (Pursh) Piper = Collinsia parviflora Douglas
Conobea intermedia Gray = Schistophragma intermedia (Gray) Pennell
Epixiphium wislizeni (Engelmann ex Gray) Munz = Maurandya wislizeni Engelmann ex Gray
Erinus procumbens P. Miller = Mecardonia procumbens (P. Miller) Small
Gratiola clammy hyssop
anagallidea Michaux = Lindernia anagallidea (Michaux) Pennell
dubia Linnaeus = Lindernia dubia (Linnaeus) Pennell
neglecta Torrey [M&H]
clammy hyssop
Gratiola virginica of western authors, misapplied
virginica of western authors, misapplied = Gratiola neglecta Torrey
Hippuris mare’s-tail
vulgaris Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
water mare’s-tail
Illysanthes dubia (Linnaeus) Barnhart = Lindernia dubia (Linnaeus) Pennell
Leiostemon ambiguus (Torrey) Greene = Penstemon ambiguus Torrey subsp. ambiguus
thurberi Greene = Penstemon thurberi Torrey
Limosella mudwort
Sivinski, R. & K. Lightfoot, eds. 1995. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of New Mexico. New Mexico
Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Misc. Publ. No. 4. [Limosella pubiflora]
acaulis Sessé & Mociño = Limosella aquatica Linnaeus
aquatica Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
mudwort
Limosella acaulis Sessé & Mociño
pubiflora Pennell [Sivinski & Lightfoot 1995]
mudwort
Linaria toadflax
Sutton, D.A. 1988. A revision of the tribe Anthirrhineae. Oxford University Press, London, England.
canadensis sensu W&S = Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A. Sutton
canadensis (Linnaeus) Dumortier var. texana (Scheele) Pennell = Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele)
D.A. Sutton
*dalmatica (Linnaeus) Miller [M&H]
Dalmatian toadflax
Antirrhinum dalmaticum Linnaeus
texana Scheele = Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A. Sutton
*vulgaris Hill [M&H]
butter-and-eggs
380
Lindernia false-pimpernel
McGrath, J. 2002. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 24:7. [Lindernia dubia]
anagallidea (Michaux) Pennell : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
Gratiola anagallidea Michaux
dubia (Linnaeus) Pennell [McGrath 2002]
false-pimpernel
Gratiola dubia Linnaeus
Illysanthes dubia (Linnaeus) Barnhart
Maurandella antirrhiniflora (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Rothmaler = Maurandya
antirrhiniflora Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow
Maurandya viney snapdragon
Elisens, W.J. 1985. Monograph of the Maurandyinae (Scrophulariaceae-Antirrhineae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 5:1-97.
Sutton, D.A. 1988. A revision of the tribe Anthirrhineae. Oxford University Press, London, England.
antirrhiniflora Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow [M&H; W&S]
roving sailor
Antirrhinum antirrhiniflora (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Hitchcock
Maurandella antirrhiniflora (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Rothmaler
wislizeni Engelmann ex Gray [M&H; W&S]
viny snapdragon
Epixiphium wislizeni (Engelmann ex Gray) Munz
Mecardonia baby-jump-up
Todsen, T.K. 1984. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 31:125. [Mecardonia procumbens]
procumbens (P. Miller) Small [Todsen 1984]
baby-jump-up
Erinus procumbens P. Miller
Pagesia vandellioides Pennell
Mecardonia vandellioides auctores non (Kunth) Pennell
vandellioides auctores non (Kunth) Pennell = Mecardonia procumbens (P. Miller) Small
Mimulus monkey-flower
Campbell, G.R. 1950. Mimulus guttatus and related species. Aliso 2:319-337.
Grant, A.L. 1924. A monograph of the genus Mimulus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 11:99-388.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Mimulus eastwoodiae]
Worthington, R.D. 2005. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 34:7. [Mimulus primuloides]
cardinalis Douglas ex Bentham [M&H; W&S]
scarlet monkey-flower
cordatus Greene = Mimulus guttatus A.P. de Candolle
dentilobus Robinson & Fernald [M&H; W&S]
toothed monkey-flower
Mimulus parvulus Wooton & Standley
eastwoodiae Rydberg [Heil et al. 2002]
Eastwood’s monkey-flower
floribundus Lindley [M&H]
purple-stem monkey-flower
geyeri Torrey = Mimulus glabratus Kunth var. jamesii (Torrey & Gray ex Bentham) Gray
glabratus Kunth var. fremontii (Bentham) Grant = Mimulus glabratus Kunth var. jamesii (Torrey &
Gray ex Bentham) Gray
glabratus Kunth var. glabratus [M&H]
round-leaf monkey-flower
glabratus Kunth var. jamesii (Torrey & Gray ex Bentham) Gray [M&H; W&S]
round-leaf monkey-flower
Mimulus geyeri Torrey
Mimulus glabratus Kunth var. fremontii (Bentham) Grant
Mimulus jamesii Torrey & Gray ex Bentham
gratioloides Rydberg = Mimulus rubellus Gray
guttatus A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S]
seep monkey-flower
Mimulus cordatus Greene

381
 Mimulus guttatus A.P. de Candolle var. gracilis (A. Gray) G. Campbell
Mimulus hallii Greene
Mimulus langsdorfii Donn
Mimulus nasutus Greene
Mimulus puberulus Greene
guttatus A.P. de Candolle var. gracilis (A. Gray) G. Campbell = Mimulus guttatus A.P. de Candolle
jamesii Torrey & Gray ex Bentham = Mimulus glabratus Kunth var. jamesii (Torrey & Gray ex
Bentham) Gray
langsdorfii Donn = Mimulus guttatus A.P. de Candolle
nasutus Greene = Mimulus guttatus A.P. de Candolle
parvulus Wooton & Standley = Mimulus dentilobus Robinson & Fernald
primuloides Bentham [Worthington 2005]
yellow monkey-flower
puberulus Greene = Mimulus guttatus A.P. de Candolle
rubellus Gray [M&H; W&S]
red-stem monkey-flower
Mimulus gratioloides Rydberg
suksdorfii Gray : Reported by Kartesz (1999) without documentation; awaits verification.
tilingii Regel [Holmgren 1984]
subalpine monkey-flower
Monniera rotundifolia Michaux = Bacopa rotundifolia (Michaux) Wettstein
Nuttallanthus toadflax
Sutton, D.A. 1988. A revision of the tribe Anthirrhineae. Oxford University Press, London, England.
canadensis sensu W&S = Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A. Sutton
texanus (Scheele) D.A. Sutton [M&H; W&S]
Texas toadflax
Linaria canadensis sensu W&S
Linaria canadensis (Linnaeus) Dumortier var. texana (Scheele) Pennell
Linaria texana Scheele
Nuttallanthus canadensis sensu W&S
Pagesia vandellioides Pennell = Mecardonia procumbens (P. Miller) Small
Penstemon beardtongue
Bleakly, D. 1998. A key to the penstemons of New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 9:1-6.
Crosswhite, F.S. 1965. Revision of Penstemon section Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae) II. A western alliance in series
Gracilis. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 74(2):429-442.
Crosswhite, F.S. 1966. Revision of the Penstemon section Chamaeleon (Scrophulariaceae). Sida 2:339-346.
Crosswhite, F.S. 1967. Revision of Penstemon section Habroanthus (Scrophulariaceae). III: series Virgati. Amer.
Midl. Naturalist 77:1-41.
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Penstemon glaber alpinus]
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Penstemon eatonii eatonii, Penstemon pachyphyllus]
Hubbard, J.P. 1999. Penstemon pulchellus Lindley [=P. campanulatus (Cavanilles) Willdenow]: A specious member
of New Mexico's flora. The New Mexico Botanist 11:6-7.
Hubbard, J.P. 1999. Penstemon spinulosus Wooton and Standley: New Mexico endemic, error, or introduction? The
New Mexico Botanist 12:1-4.
Hubbard, J.P. 2001. An update of the Penstemon treatment in Wooton and Standley's (1915) Flora of New Mexico.
Bull. Amer. Penstemon Soc. 60(2):4-24.
Nisbet, G.T. & R.C. Jackson. 1960. The genus Penstemon in New Mexico. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 41(5):691-759.
Sivinski, R. 1998. New plant distribution records (Arenaria hookeri, Mentzelia marginata, Paronychia depressa,
Penstemon ophianthus). The New Mexico Botanist 7:6.
Sivinski, R. & K. Lightfoot, eds. 1994. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of New Mexico. New Mexico
Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Misc. Publ. No. 3.
Todsen, T.K. 1998. Penstemon metcalfei (Scrophulariaceae), a valid species. Sida 18(2):621-622.
alamosensis Pennell & Nisbet [Bleakly 1998; M&H]
Alamo beardtongue
albidus Nuttall [Bleakly 1998; M&H]
red-line beardtongue
alpinus Torrey = Penstemon glaber Pursh var. alpinus (Torrey) Gray
alpinus Torrey subsp. brandegei (Porter) Harrington = Penstemon glaber Pursh var. brandegei
(Porter) Freeman

382
ambiguus Torrey subsp. ambiguus [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
moth beardtongue
Leiostemon ambiguus (Torrey) Greene
ambiguus Torrey subsp. laevissimus Keck [Bleakly 1998; M&H]
moth beardtongue
ambiguus Torrey var. thurberi (Torrey) Gray = Penstemon thurberi Torrey
amplexicaulis Buckely = Penstemon buckleyi Pennell
angustifolius Nuttall ex Pursh var. caudatus (Heller) Rydberg [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
narrow-leaf beardtongue
Penstemon angustifolius Nuttall ex Pursh subsp. caudatus (Heller) Keck
Penstemon angustifolius Nuttall ex Pursh subsp. venosus Keck
Penstemon caudatus Heller
angustifolius Nuttall ex Pursh subsp. caudatus (Heller) Keck = Penstemon angustifolius Nuttall ex
Pursh var. caudatus (Heller) Rydberg
angustifolius Nuttall ex Pursh subsp. venosus Keck = Penstemon angustifolius Nuttall ex Pursh var.
caudatus (Heller) Rydberg
arizonicus Heller = Penstemon whippleanus Gray
auriberbis Pennell [Bleakly 1998; M&H]
Colorado beardtongue
barbatus (Cavanilles) Roth subsp. barbatus [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
southwestern beardtongue
Chelone barbata Cavanilles
barbatus (Cavanilles) Roth subsp. torreyi (Bentham) Keck [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
southwestern beardtongue
Penstemon barbatus (Cavanilles) Roth var. torreyi (Bentham) Gray
Penstemon torreyi Bentham
barbatus (Cavanilles) Roth var. torreyi (Bentham) Gray = Penstemon barbatus (Cavanilles) Roth
subsp. torreyi (Bentham) Keck
barbatus (Cavanilles) Roth subsp. trichander (Gray) Keck [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
red beardtongue
Penstemon barbatus (Cavanilles) Roth var. trichander Gray
Penstemon trichander (Gray) Rydberg
barbatus (Cavanilles) Roth var. trichander Gray = Penstemon barbatus (Cavanilles) Roth subsp.
trichander (Gray) Keck
brandegei Porter = Penstemon glaber Pursh var. brandegei (Porter) Freeman
breviculus (Keck) Nisbet & Jackson [Bleakly 1998; M&H]
short-stem beardtongue
Penstemon jamesii Bentham subsp. breviculus Keck
bridgesii Gray = Penstemon rostriflorus Kellogg
buckleyi Pennell [Bleakly 1998; M&H]
Buckley’s beardtongue
Penstemon amplexicaulis Buckely
campanulatus (Cavanilles) Willdenow subsp. chihuahuensis Straw : Not known from NM [Hubbard
1999, 2001].
Penstemon pulchellus Lindley
+cardinalis Wooton & Standley subsp. cardinalis [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
cardinal beardtongue
Penstemon crassulus Wooton & Standley
cardinalis Wooton & Standley subsp. regalis (A. Nelson) Nisbet & Jackson [Bleakly 1998;
M&H]
cardinal beardtongue
Penstemon regalis A. Nelson
caudatus Heller = Penstemon angustifolius Nuttall subsp. caudatus (Heller) Keck
*cobaea Nuttall [Bleakly 1998]
Cobo beardtongue
coloradoensis A. Nelson = Penstemon linarioides Gray subsp. coloradoensis (A. Nelson) Keck
comarrhenus Gray [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]

383
 dusty beardtongue
connatifolius A. Nelson = Penstemon pseudospectabilis M.E. Jones subsp. connatifolius (A. Nelson)
Keck
crandallii A. Nelson subsp. glabrescens (Pennell) Keck var. glabrescens (Pennell)
Nisbet & Jackson [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
Crandall’s beardtongue
Penstemon glabrescens Pennell
+crandallii A. Nelson subsp. glabrescens (Pennell) Keck var. taosensis (Keck) Nisbet &
Jackson [Bleakly 1998]
Crandall’s beardtongue
Penstemon linarioides subsp. taosensis Keck
crassulus Wooton & Standley = Penstemon cardinalis Wooton & Standley subsp. cardinalis
cyananthus Hooker var. brandegei Porter & Coulter = Penstemon glaber Pursh var. brandegei
(Porter) Freeman
cyathophorus Rydberg : Reported by W&S, but the specimens in question belong to Penstemon
buckleyi Pennell and Penstemon fendleri Torrey & Gray [Hubbard 2001].
dasyphyllus Gray [Bleakly 1998; M&H]
Cochise beardtongue
deaveri Crosswhite [Bleakly 1998; Crosswhite 1967]
Deaver’s beardtongue
eatonii Gray var. eatonii [Heil et al. 2002]
Eaton’s beardtongue
eatonii Gray var. undosus M.E. Jones [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
Eaton’s beardtongue
erosus Rydberg = Penstemon rydbergii A. Nelson
fendleri Torrey & Gray [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s beardtongue
glaber Pursh var. alpinus (Torrey) Gray [Hartman et al. 2006]
smooth beardtongue
Penstemon alpinus Torrey
glaber Pursh var. brandegei (Porter ex Rydberg) Freeman [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
smooth beardtongue
Penstemon alpinus Torrey subsp. brandegei (Porter) Harrington
Penstemon brandegei Porter ex Rydberg
Penstemon cyananthus Hooker var. brandegei Porter & Coulter
glabrescens Pennell = Penstemon crandallii A. Nelson subsp. glabrescens (Pennell) Keck var.
glabrescens (Pennell) Nisbet & Jackson
glaucus R. Graham var. stenosepalus Gray = Penstemon whippleanus Gray
gracilis Nuttall [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
lilac beardtongue
Penstemon pubescens Solander var. gracilis (Nuttall) Gray
grandiflorus Nuttall [Bleakly 1998]
Great Plains beardtongue
griffinii A. Nelson [Bleakly 1998; Crosswhite 1965]
Griffin’s beardtongue
humilis Nuttall ex Gray : Reported by W&S, but the specimen in question belongs to Penstemon
jamesii Bentham [Hubbard 2001].
+inflatus Crosswhite [Bleakly 1998; Crosswhite 1965]
inflated beardtongue
jamesii Bentham [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
James’s beardtongue
Penstemon similis A. Nelson
jamesii Bentham subsp. breviculus Keck = Penstemon breviculus (Keck) Nisbet & Jackson
jamesii Bentham subsp. ophianthus (Pennell) Keck = Penstemon ophianthus Pennell
lacerellus Greene = Penstemon rydbergii A. Nelson

384
lanceolatus Bentham : According to Crosswhite (1966) this taxon is not found in NM; our material is
referred to Penstemon ramosus Crosswhite.
lentus Pennell [Bleakly 1998; M&H; Sivinski & Lightfoot 1994]
Abajo beardtongue
linarioides Gray subsp. coloradoensis (A. Nelson) Keck [Bleakly 1998; M&H]
toadflax beardtongue
Penstemon coloradoensis A. Nelson
linarioides Gray subsp. linarioides [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
toadflax beardtongue
linarioides Gray subsp. maguirei Keck [Bleakly 1998; M&H]
toadflax beardtongue
linarioides subsp. taosensis Keck = Penstemon crandallii A. Nelson subsp. glabrescens (Pennell)
Keck var. taosensis (Keck) Nisbet & Jackson
metcalfei Wooton & Standley [Todsen 1998; W&S]
Metcalfe’s beardtongue
neomexicanus Wooton & Standley [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
New Mexico beardtongue
oliganthus Wooton & Standley [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
Apache beardtongue
ophianthus Pennell [Bleakly 1998; M&H; Sivinski 1998]
Arizona beardtongue
Penstemon jamesii Bentham subsp. ophianthus (Pennell) Keck
pachyphyllus Gray ex Rydberg [Heil et al. 2002]
thickleaf beardtongue
palmeri Gray [Bleakly 1998; M&H]
Palmer’s beardtongue
parviflorus Pennell : Kartesz (1999) lists this species as extinct from NM.
pauciflorus of NM authors, not Greene = Penstemon ramosus Crosswhite
pinifolius Greene [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
pine-needle beardtongue
+pseudoparvus Crosswhite [Bleakly 1998; Sivinski & Lightfoot 1994]
San Mateo beardtongue
pseudospectabilis M.E. Jones subsp. connatifolius (A. Nelson) Keck [Bleakly 1998; M&H;
W&S]
desert beardtongue
Penstemon connatifolius A. Nelson
Penstemon spectabilis Wooton & Standley, not Thurber
puberulus Wooton & Standley = Penstemon whippleanus Gray
pubescens Solander var. gracilis (Nuttall) Gray = Penstemon gracilis Nuttall
pulchellus Lindley = Penstemon campanulatus (Cavanilles) Willdenow subsp. chihuahuensis Straw
puniceus Gray = Penstemon superbus A. Nelson
ramosus Crosswhite [Bleakly 1998; Crosswhite 1966]
lance-leaf beardtongue
Penstemon lanceolatus of NM authors, not Bentham
Penstemon pauciflorus of NM authors, not Greene
regalis A. Nelson = Penstemon cardinalis Wooton & Standley subsp. regalis (A. Nels) Nisbet &
Jackson
rostriflorus Kellogg [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
beaked beardtongue
Penstemon bridgesii Gray
rydbergii A. Nelson [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
Rydberg’s beardtongue
Penstemon erosus Rydberg
Penstemon lacerellus Greene
secundiflorus Bentham [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
side-bells beardtongue

385
 Penstemon unilateralis Rydberg
similis A. Nelson = Penstemon jamesii Bentham
spectabilis Wooton & Standley = Penstemon pseudospectabilis M.E. Jones subsp. connatifolius (A.
Nelson) Keck
spinulosus Wooton & Standley [=Penstemon heterophyllus Lindley] : Not known from (or no
longer present in) NM [Hubbard 1999].
stenosepalus (Gray) Howell = Penstemon whippleanus Gray
strictiformis Rydberg [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
stiff beardtongue
Penstemon strictus Bentham subsp. strictiformis (Rydberg) Keck
strictus Bentham subsp. strictiformis (Rydberg) Keck = Penstemon strictiformis Rydberg
strictus Bentham [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain beardtongue
superbus A. Nelson [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
superb beardtongue
Penstemon puniceus Gray
teucrioides Greene : Reported by W&S, but this species is endemic to Colorado; the specimen
reported by W&S belongs to Penstemon crandallii A. Nelson [Hubbard 2001].
thurberi Torrey [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
Thurber’s beardtongue
Leiostemon thurberi Greene
Penstemon ambiguus Torrey var. thurberi (Torrey) Gray
torreyi Bentham = Penstemon barbatus (Cavanilles) Roth subsp. torreyi (Bentham) Keck
trichander (Gray) Rydberg = Penstemon barbatus (Cavanilles) Roth subsp. trichander (Gray) Keck
unilateralis Rydberg = Penstemon secundiflorus Bentham
unilateralis of some NM authors = Penstemon virgatus Gray subspecies asa-grayi Crosswhite
virgatus Gray subsp. asa-grayi Crosswhite [Bleakly 1998]
blue beardtongue
Penstemon unilateralis of some NM authors, not Rydberg
virgatus Gray subsp. virgatus [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
blue beardtongue
whippleanus Gray [Bleakly 1998; M&H; W&S]
dark beardtongue
Penstemon arizonicus Heller
Penstemon glaucus R. Graham var. stenosepalus Gray
Penstemon puberulus Wooton & Standley
Penstemon stenosepalus (Gray) Howell
Plantago plantain
Bassett, I.J. 1966. Taxonomy of North American Plantago L., section Micropsyllium Decne. Can. J. Bot. 44:467-479.
Bassett, I.J. 1967. Taxonomy of Plantago L. in North America: Sections Holopsyllium, Pilger, Palaeopsyllium Pilger,
and Lamprosantha Decne. Can. J. Bot. 45:565-577.
McIntosh, L. 1996. Seven additions to the flora of New Mexico. Phytologia 81(5):365-368. [Plantago bigelovii
californica]
Rahn, K. 1974. Plantago section Virginica, a taxonomic revision of a group of American plantains, using
experimental, taximetric, and classical methods. Dansk. Bot. Ark. 30:1-178.
Sivinski, R. 1993. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 40:273-274. [Plantago elonngata]
Sivinski, R. 1997. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 5:8. [Plantago wrightiana]
Sivinski, R. 2001. The genus Plantago (Plantaginaceae) in New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 18:1-3.
Spellenberg, R., M. Mahrt & R. Brozka. 1991. Noteworthy collections, New Mexico. Madroño 38:298-301.
[Plantago virginica]
argyraea Morris [M&H; Sivinski 2001; W&S]
salt-meadow plantain
aristata Michaux : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
bigelovii Gray subsp. californica (Greene) Bassett [McIntosh 1996]
coastal plantain
Plantago californica Greene
californica Greene = Plantago bigelovii Gray subsp. californica (Greene) Bassett
elongata Pursh subsp. elongata [Sivinski 1993; Sivinski 2001]
prairie plantain

386
 Plantago myosuroides Rydberg
eriopoda Torrey [M&H; Sivinski 2001; W&S]
wooly plantain
helleri Small [M&H; Sivinski 2001]
Heller’s plantain
heterophylla Nuttall : Reported as expected by M&H map; this seems unlikely in view of the
distribution reported by Bassett (1966).
hirtella Kunth var. galeottiana (Decaisne) Pilger : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits
verification.
*lanceolata Linnaeus [M&H; Sivinski 2001; W&S]
English plantain
*major Linnaeus [M&H; Sivinski 2001; W&S]
great plantain
myosuroides Rydberg = Plantago elongata Pursh
oblonga Morris = Plantago patagonica Jacquin
patagonica Jacquin [M&H; Sivinski 2001; W&S]
wooly plantain
Plantago purshii Roemer & Schultes
Plantago purshii Roemer & Schultes var. picta (Morris) Pilger
Plantago oblonga Morris
Plantago picta Morris
Plantago spinulosa Decaisne
picta Morris = Plantago patagonica Jacquin
purshii Roemer & Schultes var. picta (Morris) Pilger = Plantago patagonica Jacquin
purshii Roemer & Schultes = Plantago patagonica Jacquin
rhodosperma Decaisne [M&H; Sivinski 2001]
red-seed plantain
spinulosa Decaisne = Plantago patagonica Jacquin
tweedyi Gray [M&H; Sivinski 2001; W&S]
Tweedy’s plantain
virginica Linnaeus [Sivinski 2001; Spellenberg et al. 1991]
pale-seed plantain
wrightiana Decaisne [Great Plains Flora Association 1977; Sivinski 1997; Sivinski 2001]
Wright plantain
Schistophragma spiral-seed
intermedia (Gray) Pennell [M&H; W&S]
spiral-seed
Conobea intermedia Gray
Synthyris kitten’s-tail
Hufford, L. & M. McMahon. 2004. Morphological evolution and systematics of Synthyris and Besseya
(Veronicaceae): A phylogenetic analysis. Syst. Bot. 29(3):716-736.
Pennell, F.W. 1933 [1934]. A revision of Synthyris and Besseya. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85:77-106.
alpina Gray [M&H; W&S]
alpine kitten’s-tail
Besseya alpina (Gra) Rydberg
+oblongifolia (Pennell) Hufford & McMahon [M&H]
New Mexico kitten’s-tail
Besseya oblongifolia Pennell
plantaginea (James) Bentham [M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain kitten’s-tail
Besseya arizonica Pennell
Besseya plantaginea (James) Rydberg
Vernonica plantaginea James
Veronica speedwell
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Veronica arvensis]
Pennell, F.W. 1921. Veronica in North and South America. Rhodora 23:29-41.

387
 Walters, S.M. & D.A. Webb. 1972. Veronica, pp. 242-251. IN: Flora Europaea, vol. 3. Cambridge University Press,
England.
americana Schweinitz ex Bentham [M&H; W&S]
American brooklime
*anagallis-aquatica Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
blue speedwell
*arvensis Linnaeus [Allred 1999]
corn speedwell
buxbaumii Tenore = Veronica persica Poiret
catenata Pennell [M&H; W&S]
Pennell’s speedwell
Veronica connata Rafinesque subsp. glaberrima Pennell
Veronica micromera Wooton & Standley
connata Rafinesque subsp. glaberrima Pennell = Veronica catenata Pennell
humifusa Dickson = Veronica serpyllifolia Linnaeus var. humifusa (Dickson) Vahl
micromera Wooton & Standley = Veronica catenata Pennell
peregrina Linnaeus var. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell [M&H; W&S]
neckweed
Veronica xalapensis Kunth
*persica Poiret [M&H; W&S]
bird’s-eye speedwell
Veronica buxbaumii Tenore
Veronica tournefortii K. Gmelin
plantaginea James = Synthyris plantaginea (James) Bentham
serpyllifolia Linnaeus var. borealis Laestad. = Veronica serpyllifolia Linnaeus var. humifusa
(Dickson) Vahl
*serpyllifolia Linnaeus var. humifusa (Dickson) Vahl [M&H; W&S]
thyme-leaf speedwell
Veronica humifusa Dickson
Veronica serpyllifolia Linnaeus var. borealis Laestad.
Veronica serpyllifolia Linnaeus var. neomexicana Cockerell
Veronica tenella Allioni
serpyllifolia Linnaeus var. neomexicana Cockerell = Veronica serpyllifolia Linnaeus var. humifusa
(Dickson) Vahl
tenella Allioni = = Veronica serpyllifolia Linnaeus var. humifusa (Dickson) Vahl
tournefortii K. Gmelin = Veronica persica Poiret
wormskjoldii Roemer & Schultes [M&H; W&S]
alpine speedwell
xalapensis Kunth = Veronica peregrina Linnaeus var. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell

Family PLATANACEAE
Kaul, R.B. 1997. 1997. Platanaceae, pp. 358-361. IN: Flora North America, Vol. 3. Oxford Univ. Press.
Platanus sycamore
racemosa Nuttall var. wrightii (S. Watson) L. Benson = Platanus wrightii S. Watson
wrightii S. Watson [M&H; W&S]
Arizona sycamore
Platanus racemosa Nuttall var. wrightii (S. Watson) L. Benson

Family PLUMBAGINACEAE
Limonium sea-lavender
limbatum Small [M&H; W&S]
southwestern sea-lavender

Family POLEMONIACEAE
Cronquist, Q. 1984. Polemoniaceae, pp. 86-155. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 4. New York Botanical Garden.
Grant, V. 1998. Primary classification and phylogeny of the Polemoniaceae, with comments on molecular cladistics.
Amer. J. Bot. 85(6):741-752.
Porter, J.M. & L.A. Johnson. 2000. A phylogenetic classification of Polemoniaceae. Aliso 19(1):55-91.

388
Aliciella gilia
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Aliciella triodon]
+formosa (Greene ex Brand) J.M. Porter [M&H; W&S]
Aztec gilia
Gilia formosa Greene ex Brand
haydenii (A. Gray) J.M. Porter [M&H; W&S]
San Juan gilia
Gilia crandallii Rydberg
Gilia haydenii A. Gray
leptomeria (A. Gray) J.M. Porter [M&H; W&S]
sand gilia
Gila leptomeria A. Gray
pinnatifida (Nuttall ex A. Gray) J.M. Porter [M&H; W&S]
sticky gilia
Gilia calcarea M.E. Jones
Gilia pinnatifida Nuttall ex A. Gray
Gilia viscida Wooton & Standley
subnuda (Torrey ex Gray) J.M. Porter [M&H; W&S]
coral gilia
Gilia subnuda Torrey ex Gray
Gilia subnuda Torrey ex Gray subsp. superba (Eastwood) Brand
triodon (Eastwood) Brand [Heil et al. 2002]
coyote Gilia
Gilia triodon Eastwood
Callisteris collina Greene = Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant subsp. collina (Greene) Wilken &
Allard
formosissima Greene = Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant subsp. formosissima (Greene) Wherry
Cantua aggregata Pursh = Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant subsp. aggregata
longiflora Torrey = Ipomopsis longiflora (Torrey) V. Grant subsp. longiflora
pungens Torrey = Linanthus pungens (Torrey) J.M. Porter & L.A. Johnson
Collomia mountain-trumpets
Wherry, E.T. 1944. Review of the genera Collomia and Gymnosteris. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 31:216-231.
grandiflora Douglas ex Lindley : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
Gilia grandiflora (Douglas ex Lindley) Gray
Navarretia grandiflora (Douglas ex Lindley) Kuntze
linearis Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
narrow-leaf mountain-trumpets
Gilia linearis (Nuttall) Gray
Navarretia linearis (Nuttall) Kuntze
micrantha Kellogg = Microsteris gracilis (Hooker) Greene
Dactylophyllum aureum (Nuttall) Heller = Leptosiphon aureus (Nuttall) J.M. Porter & L.A. Johnson
Eriastrum wooly-star
Harrison, H.K. 1972. Contributions to the study of the genus Eriastrum. II. Notes concerning the type specimens and
descriptions of the species. Brigham Young University Science Bull. 16(4):1-26.
diffusum (Gray) Mason [M&H; W&S]
miniature wooly-star
Gilia filifolia Nuttall var. diffusa Gray
Eriastrum filifolium (Nuttall) Wooton & Standley
filifolium (Nuttall) Wooton & Standley = Eriastrum diffusum (Gray) Mason
Gilia gilia
Grant, V. 1998. Classification of the genus Gilia (Polemoniaceae). Phytologia 84(2):69-86.
Grant, V. & D. Wilken. 1986. Taxonomy of the Ipomopsis aggregata group (Polemoniaceae). Bot. Gaz. 147(3):359-
371.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Gilia capitata, Gilia ophthalmoides]
Soreng, R. 1984. Ipomopsis pinnata (Polemoniaceae) in the United States. Madroño 31:189-190.
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, & R. Peterson. 1994. Additions to the native and adventive flora of New Mexico. Phytologia
76(6):473-479. [Gilia stellata]

389
acerosa (Gray) Britton = Giliastrum acerosum (Gray) Rydberg
aggregata (Pursh) Sprengel = Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant
aggregata (Pursh) Sprengel subsp. formosissima (Greene) Wherry = Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V.
Grant subsp. formosissima (Greene) Wherry
aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant var. texana (Greene) Shinners = Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant
subsp. formosissima (Greene) Wherry
aurea Nuttall = Leptosiphon aureus (Nuttall) J.M. Porter & L.A. Johnson
bigelovii Gray = Linanthus bigelovii (Gray) Greene
brachysiphon Wooton & Standley = Ipomopsis multiflora (Nuttall) V. Grant
brandegei Gray = Polemonium brandegei (Gray) Greene
calcarea M.E. Jones = Aliciella pinnatifida (Nuttall ex A. Gray) J.M. Porter
campylantha Wooton & Standley = Ipomopsis pinnata (Cavanilles) V. Grant
candida Rydberg = Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant subsp. candida (Rydberg) V. Grant
candida Rydberg subsp. collina (Greene) Wherry = Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant subsp.
collina (Greene) Wilken & Allard
candida Rydberg forma vera Wherry = Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant subsp. candida
(Rydberg) V. Grant
*capitata Sims [Heil et al. 2002]
blue-head gilia
clokeyi Mason = Gilia inconspicua (J.E. Smith) Sweet
crandallii Rydberg = Aliciella haydenii (A. Gray) J.M. Porter
crebrifolia Nuttall = Ipomopsis congesta (Hooker) V. Grant var. crebrifolia (Nuttall) A. Gray
filifolia Nuttall var. diffusa Gray = Eriastrum diffusum (Gray) Mason
flavocincta A. Nelson subsp. australis (A. & V. Grant) Day and V. Grant [M&H]
yellow-throat gilia
Gilia ophthalmoides Brand subsp. australis A. & V. Grant
floribunda Gray = Leptosiphon nuttallii (Gray) J.M. Porter subsp. nuttallii (not occurring in NM)
formosa Greene ex Brand = Aliciella formosa (Greene ex Brand) J.M. Porter
formosissima (Greene) Wooton & Standley = Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant subsp.
formosissima (Greene) Wherry
gracilis Hooker = Microsteris gracilis (Hooker) Greene
grandiflora (Douglas ex Lindley) Gray = Collomia grandiflora (Douglas ex Lindley) Gray
greeneana Wooton & Standley = Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant subsp. candida (Rydberg) V.
Grant
gunnisonii Torrey & Gray = Ipomopsis gunnisonii (Torrey & Gray) V. Grant
haydenii A. Gray = Aliciella haydenii (A. Gray) J.M. Porter
incisa Bentham = Giliastrum incisum (Bentham) J.M. Porter
inconspicua (J.E. Smith) Sweet [M&H; W&S]
shy gilia
Gilia clokeyi Mason
Gilia ophthalmoides Brand subsp. clokeyi (Mason) A. & V. Grant
Ipomopsis inconspicua J.E. Smith
inconspicua (J.E. Smith) Sweet var. sinuata (Douglas ex Bentham) A. Gray = Gilia sinuata Douglas
ex Bentham
floribunda Gray = Leptosiphon nuttallii (Gray) J.M. Porter subsp. nuttallii
laxiflora (Coulter) Osterhout = Ipomopsis laxiflora (Coulter) V. Grant
leptomeria Gray = Aliciella leptomeria (Gray) J.M. Porter
lindheimeriana Scheele = Giliastrum incisum (Bentham) J.M. Porter
linearis (Nuttall) Gray = Collomia linearis Nuttall
longiflora (Torrey) G. Don = Ipomopsis longiflora (Torrey) V. Grant subsp. longiflora
macombii Torrey ex Gray = Ipomopsis macombii (Torrey ex Gray) V. Grant
macombii Torrey var. laxiflora Coulter = Ipomopsis laxiflora (Coulter) V. Grant
mexicana A. & V. Grant [M&H]
El Paso gilia
multiflora Nuttall = Ipomopsis multiflora (Nuttall) V. Grant
ophthalmoides Brand [Heil et al. 2002]
eyed gilia
ophthalmoides Brand subsp. australis A. & V. Grant = Gilia flavocincta A. Nelson subsp. australis
(A. & V. Grant) Day and V. Grant

390
 ophthalmoides Brand subsp. clokeyi (Mason) A. & V. Grant = Gilia inconspicua (J.E. Smith) Sweet
perennans Shinners = Giliastrum incisum (Bentham) J.M. Porter
pinnatifida Nuttall ex A. Gray = Aliciella pinnatifida (Nuttall ex A. Gray) J.M. Porter
polyantha Rydberg = Ipmopsis polyantha (Rydberg) V. Grant; endemic to Colorado
polycladon Torrey = Ipomopsis polycladon (Torrey) V. Grant
pringlei Gray = Ipomopsis pringlei (Gray) Henrickson
pumila Nuttall = Ipomopsis pumila (Nuttall) V. Grant
pungens (Torrey) Bentham = Linanthus pungens (Torrey) J.M. Porter & L.A. Johnson
rigidula Bentham s.s. = Giliastrum rigidulum (Bentham) Rydberg
rigidula Bentham subsp. acerosa (Gray) Wherry = Giliastrum acerosum (A. Gray) Rydberg
rigidula Bentham var. acerosa Gray = Giliastrum acerosum (A. Gray) Rydberg
sinuata Douglas ex Bentham [M&H]
rosy gilia
Gilia inconspicua (J.E. Smith) Sweet var. sinuata (Douglas ex Bentham) A. Gray
spicata Nuttall = Ipmopsis spicata (Nuttall) V. Grant
stellata Heller [Sivinski et al. 1994]
star gilia
subnuda Torrey ex Gray subsp. subnuda = Aliciella subnuda (Torrey ex Gray) J.M. Porter
subnuda Torrey ex Gray subsp. superba Eastwood = Aliciella subnuda (Torrey ex Gray) J.M. Porter
texana (Greene) Wooton & Standley = Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant subsp. formosissima
(Greene) Wherry
thurberi Torrey ex Gray = Ipomopsis thurberi (Torrey ex Gray) V. Grant
triodon Eastwood = Aliciella triodon (Eastwood) Brand
viscida Wooton & Standley = Aliciella pinnatifida (Nuttall ex A. Gray) J.M. Porter
Giliastrum blue-bowls
acerosum (A. Gray) Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
spiny blue-bowls
Gilia acerosa (Gray) Britton
Gilia rigidula Bentham subsp. acerosa (Gray) Wherry
Gilia rigidula Bentham var. acerosa Gray
incisum (Bentham) J.M. Porter [M&H]
split-leaf blue-bowls
Gilia incisa Bentham
Gilia lindheimeriana Scheele
Gilia perennans Shinners
rigidulum (Bentham) Rydberg [M&H]
blue-bowls
Gilia rigidula Bentham
Ipomopsis skyrocket
Fletcher, R. & W.L. Wagner. 1984. A new subspecies of Ipomopsis longiflora (Polemoniaceae) from Arizona, new
Mexico, and northern Mexico. Madroño 31:20-23.
Grant, V. & D. Wilken. 1986. Taxonomy of the Ipomopsis aggregata group (Polemoniaceae). Bot. Gaz. 147(3):359-
371.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Ipomopsis aggregata aggregata]
Soreng, R. 1984. Ipomopsis pinnata (Polemoniaceae) in the United States. Madroño 31:189-190.
Wilken, D.H. 2001. A new Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae) from the southwest USA and adjacent Mexico. Madroño
48(2):116-122.
Wilken, D.H. & R. Fletcher. 1988. Ipomopsis sancti-spiritus (Polemoniaceae), a new species from northern New
Mexico. Brittonia 40(1):48-51.
aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant subsp. aggregata [Heil et al. 2002]
skyrocket
Cantua aggregata Pursh
Gilia aggregata (Pursh) Sprengel
aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant subsp. candida (Rydberg) V. & A. Grant [Grant & Wilken 1986;
M&H; W&S]
skyrocket
Gilia candida Rydberg
Gilia candida Rydberg forma vera Wherry
Gilia greeneana Wooton & Standley

391
aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant subsp. collina (Greene) Wilken & Allard [Grant & Wilken 1986]
skyrocket
Callisteris collina Greene
Gilia candida Rydberg subsp. collina (Greene) Wherry
aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant subsp. formosissima (Greene) Wherry [Grant & Wilken 1986;
W&S]
skyrocket
Callisteris formosissima Greene
Gilia aggregata (Pursh) Sprengel subsp. formosissima (Greene) Wherry
Gilia aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant var. texana (Greene) Shinners
Gilia formosissima (Greene) Wooton & Standley
Gilia texana (Greene) Wooton & Standley
Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant subsp. texana (Greene) Martin & Hutchins ined.
[not validly published]
aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant var. texana (Greene) Shinners = Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant
subsp. formosissima (Greene) Wherry
aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant subsp. texana (Greene) Martin & Hutchins ined. [This combination not
validly published by M&H; see ICBN, Article 33] = Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh)
V. Grant subsp. formosissima (Greene) Wherry
campylantha (Wooton & Standley) Martin & Hutchins ined. [This combination not validly
published by M&H; see ICBN, Article 33] = Ipomopsis pinnata (Cavanilles) V.
Grant
congesta (Hooker) V. Grant var. crebrifolia (Nuttall) A. Gray [M&H]
ball-head skyrocket
Gilia crebrifolia Nuttall
gunnisonii (Torrey & Gray) V. Grant [M&H; W&S]
Gunnison skyrocket
Gilia gunnisonii Torrey & Gray
inconspicua J.E. Smith = Gilia inconspicua (J.E. Smith) Sweet
laxiflora (Coulter) V. Grant [M&H; W&S]
iron skyrocket
Gilia laxiflora (Coulter) Osterhout
Gilia macombii Torrey var. laxiflora Coulter
longiflora (Torrey) V. Grant subsp. australis Fletcher & Wagner [Fletcher & Wagner 1984]
blue trumpets
longiflora (Torrey) V. Grant subsp. longiflora [Fletcher & Wagner 1984; M&H; W&S]
blue trumpets
Cantua longiflora Torrey
Gilia longiflora (Torrey) G. Don
longiflora (Torrey) V. Grant subsp. neomexicana Wilken [Wilken 2001]
blue trumpets
macombii (Torrey ex Gray) V. Grant [M&H]
Macomb’s skyrocket
Gilia macombii Torrey ex Gray
multiflora (Nuttall) V. Grant [M&H; W&S]
many-flowered skyrocket
Gilia brachysiphon Wooton & Standley
Gilia multiflora Nuttall
pinnata (Cavanilles) V. Grant [M&H; Soreng 1984b; W&S]
San Luis skyrocket
Gilia campylantha Wooton & Standley
Ipomopsis campylantha (Wooton & Standley) Martin & Hutchins ined. [not validly
published]
Phlox pinnata Cavanilles
polyantha (Rydberg) V. Grant : Reported by M&H, but this species is endemic to Colorado; no
specimens are known from NM.
Gilia polyantha Rydberg

392
 polycladon (Torrey) V. Grant [M&H]
sprawling skyrocket
Gilia polycladon Torrey
pringlei (A. Gray) Henrickson [M&H; W&S]
Pringle’s skyrocket
Gilia pringlei A. Gray
pumila (Nuttall) V. Grant [M&H; W&S]
low skyrocket
Gilia pumila Nuttall
+sancti-spiritus Wilken & Fletcher [Wilken & Fletcher 1988]
Holy Ghost skyrocket
spicata (Nuttall) V. Grant [M&H]
spike skyrocket
Gilia spicata Nuttall
thurberi (Torrey ex Gray) V. Grant [M&H; W&S]
Thurber’s skyrocket
Gilia thurberi Torrey ex Gray
Leptodactylon brevifolium Rydberg = Linanthus pungens (Torrey) J.M. Porter & L.A. Johnson
pungens (Torrey) Torrey ex Nuttall = Linanthus pungens (Torrey) J.M. Porter & L.A. Johnson
Leptosiphon desert-trumpets
Patterson, R. 1977. A revision of Linanthus Sect. Siphonella (Polemoniaceae). Madroño 24:36-48.
aureus (Nuttall) J.M. Porter & L.A. Johnson [M&H; W&S]
golden desert-trumpets
Dactylophyllum aureum (Nuttall) Heller
Gilia aurea Nuttall
Linanthus aureus (Nuttall) Greene
nuttallii (Gray) J.M. Porter subsp. nuttallii : Reported by M&H; not known to occur in NM
[Petterson 1977]; our material belongs to subsp. tenuilobus.
Gilia floribunda Gray
Linanthastrum floribundum (Gray) Wherry
Siphonella floribunda (Gray) Jepson
nuttallii (A. Gray) J.M. Porter subsp. tenuilobus (R. Patterson) ined. [Patterson 1977] Note:
This combination has not yet been made.
Nuttall’s desert-trumpets
Linanthus nuttallii (Gray) Greene ex Milligen subsp. tenuilobus R. Patterson
Linanthastrum floribundum (Gray) Wherry = Leptosiphon nuttallii (Gray) J.M. Porter subsp. nuttallii
nuttallii of NM authors = Leptosiphon nuttallii subsp. tenuilobus (R. Patterson) ined.
nuttallii (Gray) Ewan subsp. floribundum (Gray) Ewan = Leptosiphon nuttallii (Gray) J.M. Porter
subsp. nuttallii
Linanthus desert-trumpets
Patterson, R. 1977. A revision of Linanthus Sect. Siphonella (Polemoniaceae). Madroño 24:36-48.
aureus (Nuttall) Greene = Leptosiphon aureus (Nuttall) J.M. Porter & L.A. Johnson
bigelovii (Gray) Greene [M&H; W&S]
Bigelow’s desert-trumpets
Gilia bigelovii Gray
floribundus (Gray) Greene ex Milliken = Leptosiphon nuttallii (Gray) J.M. Porter subsp. nuttallii
nuttallii (Gray) Greene ex Milligen subsp. tenuilobus R. Patterson = Leptosiphon nuttallii (A. Gray)
J.M. Porter subsp. tenuilobus (R. Patterson) ined. Note: That combination has not yet
been made.
pungens (Torrey) J.M. Porter & L.A. Johnson [M&H]
granite prickly-phlox
Cantua pungens Torrey
Gilia pungens (Torrey) Bentham
Leptodactylon pungens (Torrey) Torrey ex Nuttall
Leptodactylon brevifolium Rydberg
Microsteris slender-phlox
gracilis (Hooker) Greene [M&H; W&S]
slender-phlox
393
 Collomia micrantha Kellogg
Gilia gracilis Hooker
Microsteris micrantha (Kellogg) Greene
micrantha (Kellogg) Greene = Microsteris gracilis (Hooker) Greene
Navarretia grandiflora (Douglas ex Lindley) Kuntze = Collomia grandiflora Douglas ex Lindley
linearis (Nuttall) Kuntze = Collomia linearis Nuttall
Phlox phlox
Cronquist, A. 1984. Polemoniaceae, pp. 86-155. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 4. New York Botanical Garden. [Phlox
pulvinata]
Locklear, J.H. 2009. Nomenclatural innovations in Phlox (Polemoniaceae), with updated circumscription of P.
caespitosa, P. douglasii, P. missoulensis, and P. richardsonii. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3(2):645-658.
Peabody, F.J. 1979. Phlox longifolia Nuttall (Polemoniaceae) complex of North America. Great Basin Naturalist 39:1-
14.
Wherry, E.T. 1955. The genus Phlox. Morris Arbor. Monogr. 3.
austromontana Coville [M&H]
mountain phlox
Phlox diffusa Bentham subsp. subcarinata Wherry
caespitosa Nuttall s.s. : not occurring in NM, the name is properly applied to more northern plants;
our material referred to Phlox condensata (Gray) E. Nelson and Phlox pulvinata
(Wheery) Cronquist
caespitosa Nuttall var. condensata Gray = Phlox condensata (Gray) E. Nelson
caespitosa Nuttall subsp. pulvinata Wherry = Phlox pulvinata (Wheery) Cronquist
canescens Torrey & Gray = Phlox hoodii Richardson subsp. canescens (Torrey & Gray) Wherry
caryophylla Wherry [M&H]
Pagosa phlox
pinnata Cavanilles = Ipomopsis pinnata (Cavanilles) V. Grant
cluteana A. Nelson [M&H]
Navajo phlox
condensata (Gray) E. Nelson [Wherry 1955]
dwarf phlox
Phlox caespitosa Nuttall var. condensata Gray
diffusa Bentham subsp. subcarinata Wherry = Phlox austromontana Coville
grayi Wooton & Standley = Phlox longifolia Nuttall
hoodii Richardson subsp. canescens (Torrey & Gray) Wherry [M&H; W&S]
carpet phlox
Phlox canescens Torrey & Gray
longifolia Nuttall subsp. brevifolia (Gray) Mason = Phlox longifolia Nuttall
longifolia Nuttall subsp. compacta (Brand) Wherry = Phlox longifolia Nuttall
longifolia Nuttall subsp. cortezana (A. Nelson) Wherry = Phlox longifolia Nuttall
longifolia Nuttall subsp. humilis (Douglas ex Hooker) Wherry = Phlox longifolia Nuttall
longifolia Nuttall [M&H; Peabody 1979; W&S]
long-leaf phlox
Phlox grayi Wooton & Standley
Phlox longifolia Nuttall subsp. brevifolia (Gray) Mason
Phlox longifolia Nuttall subsp. compacta (Brand) Wherry
Phlox longifolia Nuttall subsp. cortezana (A. Nelson) Wherry
Phlox longifolia Nuttall subsp. humilis (Douglas) Wherry
Phlox longifolia Nuttall var. longipes (M.E. Jones) M.E. Peck
Phlox longifolia Nuttall var. stansburyi (Torrey) A. Gray
Phlox stansburyi (Torrey) Heller
Phlox stansburyi (Torrey) Heller subsp. eu-stansburyi Brand
Phlox tenuis Wooton & Standley
Phlox viridis E. Nelson subsp. compacta (Brand) Wherry
Phlox viridis E. Nelson subsp. longipes (M.E. Jones) Wherry
Phlox visenda A. Nelson
longifolia Nuttall var. longipes (M.E. Jones) M.E. Peck = Phlox longifolia Nuttall
longifolia Nuttall var. stansburyi (Torrey) A. Gray = Phlox longifolia Nuttall
mesoleuca Greene [M&H; W&S]
thread-leaf phlox

394
 multiflora A. Nelson [Wherry 1955]
Rocky Mountain phlox
nana Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
Santa Fe phlox
nana Nuttall subsp. glabella (Gray) Brand = Phlox triovulata Thurber
pulvinata (Wherry) Cronquist [Cronquist 1984]
cushion phlox
Phlox caespitosa Nuttall subsp. pulvinata Wherry
Phlox variabilis Brand
speciosa Pursh subsp. woodhousei (Torrey ex Gray) Wherry = Phlox woodhousei (Torrey ex Gray)
E. Nelson
speciosa Pursh var. woodhousei Torrey ex Gray = Phlox woodhousei (Torrey ex Gray) E. Nelson
stansburyi (Torrey) Heller = Phlox longifolia Nuttall
stansburyi (Torrey) Heller subsp. eu-stansburyi Brand = Phlox longifolia Nuttall
tenuis Wooton & Standley = Phlox longifolia Nuttall
triovulata Thurber ex Torrey [M&H; W&S]
three-seed phlox
Phlox nana Nuttall subsp. glabella (Gray) Brand
variabilis Brand = Phlox pulvinata (Wherry) Cronquist
viridis E. Nelson subsp. compacta (Brand) Wherry = Phlox longifolia Nuttall
viridis E. Nelson subsp. longipes (M.E. Jones) Wherry = Phlox longifolia Nuttall
viscida E. Nelson : Reported by Wherry (1955), but this species is found in eastern Washington and
Oregon and adjacent Idaho, and no verifying specimens from NM have been
located.
visenda A. Nelson = Phlox longifolia Nuttall
woodhousei (Torrey ex Gray) E. Nelson [M&H]
Woodhouse’s phlox
Phlox speciosa Pursh var. woodhousei Torrey ex Gray
Phlox speciosa Pursh subsp. woodhousei (Torrey ex Gray) Wherry
Phlox woodhousei (Torrey ex Gray) E. Nelson var. oculata A. Nelson
woodhousei (Torrey ex Gray) E. Nelson var. oculata A. Nelson = Phlox woodhousei (Torrey ex
Gray) E. Nelson
Polemonium Jacob’s-ladder
Anway, J.C. 1968. The systematic botany and taxonomy of Polemonium foliosissimum. Amer. Midl. Naturalist
79:451-468.
Davidson, J.F. 1950. The genus Polemonium. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 23:209-282.
brandegei (Gray) Greene [M&H; W&S]
Brandegee’s Jacob’s-ladder
Gilia brandegei Gray
Polemonium mellitum Gray
Polemonium viscosum Nuttall subsp. mellitum (Gray) Davidson
brandegei (Gray) Greene subsp. mellitum (Gray) Wherry = Polemonium brandegei (Gray) Greene
confertum Gray = Polemonium viscosum Nuttall
delicatum Rydberg = Polemonium pulcherrimum Hooker var. delicatum (Rydberg) Cronquist
filicinum Greene = Polemonium flavum Greene
flavum Greene [M&H; W&S]
yellow Jacob’s-ladder
Polemonium filicinum Greene
Polemonium foliosissimum Gray var. flavum (Greene) Anway
foliosissimum Gray var. flavum (Greene) Anway = Polemonium flavum Greene
foliosissimum Gray [M&H; W&S]
Jacob’s-ladder
Polemonium foliosissimum Gray var. molle (Greene) Anway
Polemonium grande Greene
Polemonium molle Greene
Polemonium pterospermum A. Nelson & Cockerell
foliosissimum Gray var. molle (Greene) Anway = Polemonium foliosissimum Gray
grande Greene = Polemonium foliosissimum Gray var. foliosissimum

395
 mellitum Gray = Polemonium brandegei (Gray) Greene
molle Greene = Polemonium foliosissimum Gray
pulcherrimum Hooker var. delicatum (Rydberg) Cronquist [M&H; W&S]
beautiful Jacob’s-ladder
Polemonium delicatum Rydberg
Polemonium scopulinum Greene
pterospermum A. Nelson & Cockerell = Polemonium foliosissimum Gray var. foliosissimum
scopulinum Greene = Polemonium pulcherrimum Hooker var. delicatum (Rydberg) Cronquist
viscosum Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
sky-pilot
Polemonium confertum Gray
viscosum Nuttall subsp. mellitum (Gray) Davidson = Polemonium brandegei (Gray) Greene
Siphonella floribunda (Gray) Jepson = Leptosiphon nuttallii (Gray) J.M. Porter subsp. nuttallii

Family POLYGALACEAE
Monnina pygmy-flower
wrightii Gray [M&H; W&S]
pygmy-flower
Polygala milkwort
Blake, S.F. 1916. A revision of the genus Polygala in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Contr. Gray
Herb. n.ser. 47:1-122. [Polygala rectipilis]
Todsen, T.K. 1973. Comments on New Mexico flora. Sida 5(2):135. [Polygala rimulicola]
Wendt, T. & T.K. Todsen. 1982. A new variety of Polygala rimulicola (Polygalaceae) from Dona Ana County, New
Mexico. Madroño 29:19-21. [Polygala rimulicola var. mescalerorum]
Wendt, T. 1979. Notes on the genus Polygala in the United States and Mexico. J. Arnold Arbor. 60:504-514.
acanthoclada Gray : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
alba Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
white milkwort
barbeyana Chodat [M&H; Wendt 1979]
blue milkwort
Polygala longa Blake
hemipterocarpa Gray [M&H; W&S]
winged milkwort
lindheimeri Gray var. lindheimeri : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
lindheimeri Gray var. parvifolia Wheelock [M&H; W&S; Wendt 1979]
shrubby milkwort
Polygala tweedyi Britton
Polygala parvifolia (Wheelock) Wooton & Standley
longa Blake = Polygala barbeyana Chodat
macradenia Gray [M&H; W&S]
glandular milkwort
neomexicana Wooton & Standley = Polygala obscura Bentham
obscura Bentham [M&H; W&S]
velvet-seed milkwort
Polygala neomexicana Wooton & Standley
Polygala puberula Gray
ovatifolia Gray : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
parvifolia (Wheelock) Wooton & Standley = Polygala lindheimeri Gray var. parvifolia Wheelock
puberula Gray = Polygala obscura Bentham
+rectipilis Blake [Blake 1916]
New Mexico milkwort
+rimulicola Steyermark var. mescalerorum Wendt & Todsen [Wendt & Todsen 1982]
Mescalero milkwort
rimulicola Steyermark var. rimulicola [M&H; Todsen 1973]
Steyermark’s milkwort
sanguinea Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
purple milkwort

396
 Polygala sanguinea Linnaeus forma viridescens (Linnaeus) Farwell
Polygala viridescens Linnaeus
sanguinea Linnaeus forma viridescens (Linnaeus) Farwell = Polygala sanguinea Linnaeus
scoparia sensu W&S = Polygala scoparioides Chodat
scoparioides Chodat [M&H; W&S]
broom milkwort
Polygala scoparia sensu W&S
Polygala scoparia Kunth var. multicaulis Gray
scoparia Kunth var. multicaulis Gray = Polygala scoparioides Chodat
subspinosa S. Watson [M&H; W&S]
cushion milkwort
tweedyi Britton = Polygala lindheimeri Gray var. parvifolia Wheelock
viridescens Linnaeus = Polygala sanguinea Linnaeus

Family POLYGONACEAE
Graham, S.A. and C.E. Wood, Jr. 1965. The genera of Polygonaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold
Arbor. 46:91-121.
Bilderdykia convolvulus (Linnaeus) Dumortier = Fallopia convolvulus (Linnaeus) A. Löve
Bistorta bistort
bistortoides (Pursh) Small [M&H; W&S]
American bistort
Polygonum bistortoides Pursh
vivipara (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray [M&H; W&S]
alpine bistort
Polygonum viviparum Linnaeus
Chorizanthe spine-flower
Reveal, J.L. & C.B. Hardham. 1989. A revision of the annual species of Chorizanthe (Polygonaceae: Eriogonoideae).
Phytologia 66(2):98-196.
Spellenberg, R., L. McIntosh, & L. Brouillet. 1993. New records of angiosperms from southern New Mexico.
Phytologia 75:224-230. [Chorizanthe brevicornu]
brevicornu Torrey [Spellenberg et al. 1993]
brittle spine-flower
Eriogonum wild-buckwheat
Heil, K. 2003. New plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 25:7. [Eriogonum villiflorum]
Reveal, J.L. 1976. Eriogonum (Polygonaceae) of Arizona and New Mexico. Phytologia 34(5):409-484.
Reveal, J.L. 1989. New combinations and novelties in Eriogonum (Polygonaceae: Eriogonoideae). Phytologia
66(3):251-265.
Reveal, J.L. 1989. A checklist of the Eriogonoideae (Polygonaceae). Phytologia 66(3):266-294.
Reveal, J. L. & A. Clifford. 2004. A new variety of Eriogonum lachnogynum (Polygonaceae: Eriogonoideae).
Phytologia 86: 160-168.
Reveal, J.L. & B.J. Ertter. 1977. Re-establishment of Stenogonum (Polygonaceae). Great Basin Naturalist 36:272-280.
Sivinski, R. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 14:4. [Eriogonum longifolium
lindheimeri]
Soreng, R. 1984. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 31:126. [Eriogonum hookeri]
Spellenberg, R., C. Leiva, & E. P. Lessa. 1988. An evaluation of Eriogonum densum (Polygonaceae). Southw.
Naturalist 33(1):71-80.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470.
Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, S.Goodrich, & L.C. Higgins (eds.). 2003. A Utah Flora. 3rd ed, revised. Provo, Utah:
Brigham Young University Press. [Eriogonum sarahiae]
abertianum Torrey in Emory var. abertianum [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
Abert’s wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum abertianum Torrey subsp. pinetorum (Greene) Stokes
Eriogonum abertianum Torrey subsp. typicum Stokes
Eriogonum abertianum Torrey var. bracteatum Fosberg
Eriogonum abertianum Torrey var. neomexicanum Gandoger
Eriogonum abertianum Torrey var. ruberrimum Gandoger
Eriogonum abertianum Torrey var. villosum Fosberg
Eriogonum pinetorum Greene
abertianum Torrey in Emory var. cyclosepalum (Greene) Fosberg [Reveal 1976]
Abert’s wild-buckwheat

397
 Eriogonum cyclosepalum Greene
abertianum Torrey subsp. pinetorum (Greene) Stokes = Eriogonum abertianum Torrey in Emory
var. abertianum
abertianum Torrey subsp. typicum Stokes = Eriogonum abertianum Torrey in Emory var. abertianum
abertianum Torrey var. bracteatum Fosberg = Eriogonum abertianum Torrey in Emory var.
abertianum
abertianum Torrey var. neomexicanum Gandoger = Eriogonum abertianum Torrey in Emory var.
abertianum
abertianum Torrey var. ruberrimum Gandoger = Eriogonum abertianum Torrey in Emory var.
abertianum
abertianum Torrey var. villosum Fosberg = Eriogonum abertianum Torrey in Emory var. abertianum
ainsliei Standley = Eriogonum lonchophyllum Torrey & Gray var. fendlerianum (Bentham) Reveal
alatum Torrey var. alatum [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
winged wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum elatum Douglas ex Bentham subsp. triste (S. Watson) Stokes
Eriogonum triste S. Watson
alatum Torrey var. glabriusculum Torrey [Reveal 1976]
winged wild-buckwheat
+aliquantum Reveal [Reveal 1976]
Cimarron wild-buckwheat
annuum Nuttall [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
annual wild-buckwheat, snow-weed
arcuatum Greene = Eriogonum jamesii Bentham var. flavescens S. Watson
atrorubens Engelmann [M&H; W&S]
red wild-buckwheat
bakeri Greene = Eriogonum jamesii Bentham var. flavescens S. Watson
brandegei Rydberg [Reveal 1976]
Brandegee’s wild-buckwheat
capillare Small [Spellenberg et al. 1993]
San Carlos wild-buckwheat
cernuum Nuttall [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
nodding wild-buckwheat
cernuum Nuttall subsp. rotundifolium (Bentham) Stokes = Eriogonum rotundifolium Bentham
clavellatum Small [Heil et al. 2002]
comb-wash wild-buckwheat
corymbosum Bentham var. corymbosum : Reported by M&H ("probably western") and by W&S
(two localities), but not by Reveal (1976); W&S’s report probably refers to other
varieties of this species; needs verification.
Eriogonum corymbosum Bentham var. divaricatum Torrey & Gray
Eriogonum divergens Small
Eriogonum effusum Nuttall subsp. divaricatum (Torrey & Gray) Stokes
corymbosum Bentham var. divaricatum Torrey & Gray = Eriogonum corymbosum Bentham var.
corymbosum
corymbosum Bentham var. orbiculatum (Stokes) Reveal & Brotherson [M&H; Reveal 1976]
crispy wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum effusum Nuttall subsp. orbiculatum Stokes
corymbosum Bentham var. velutinum Reveal [M&H; Reveal 1976]
crispy wild-buckwheat
cyclosepalum Greene = Eriogonum abertianum Torrey in Emory var. cyclosepalum (Greene)
Fosberg
deflexum Torrey : Reported by Kartesz (1999) without documentation; awaits verification.
densum Greene = Eriogonum polycladon Bentham
divaricatum Hooker [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
divergent wild-buckwheat
divergens Small [=Eriogonum corymbosum Bentham var. corymbosum] : Reported by M&H
("probably western") and by W&S (two localities), but not by Reveal (1976); no
specimens are known from NM; awaits verification.

398
eastwoodiae M.E. Jones = Eriogonum leptocladon Torrey & Gray var. papiliunculi Reveal
effusum Nuttall [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
spreading wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum effusum Nuttall subsp. typicum Stokes
effusum Nuttall subsp. divaricatum (Torrey & Gray) Stokes = Eriogonum corymbosum Bentham
var. corymbosum
effusum Nuttall subsp. leptocladon (Torrey & Gray) Stokes = Eriogonum leptocladon Torrey & Gray
var. papiliunculi Reveal
effusum Nuttall var. leptophyllum Torrey = Eriogonum leptophyllum (Torrey) Wooton & Standley
effusum Nuttall var. nudicaule Torrey = Eriogonum lonchophyllum Torrey & Gray var. nudicaule
(Torrey) Reveal
effusum Nuttall subsp. orbiculatum Stokes = Eriogonum corymbosum Bentham var. orbiculatum
(Stokes) Reveal & Brotherson
effusum Nuttall subsp. simpsonii (Bentham) Stokes = Eriogonum microthecum Nuttall var. simpsonii
(Bentham) Reveal
effusum Nuttall subsp. typicum Stokes = Eriogonum effusum Nuttall
elatum Douglas ex Bentham subsp. triste (S. Watson) Stokes = Eriogonum alatum Torrey in
Sitgreaves var. alatum
fendlerianum (Bentham) Small = Eriogonum lonchophyllum Torrey & Gray var. fendlerianum
(Bentham) Reveal
flexum M.E. Jones = Stenogonum flexum (M.E. Jones) Reveal & J.T. Howell
gordonii Bentham [Reveal 1976]
Gordon’s wild-buckwheat
+gypsophilum Wooton & Standley [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
gyp wild-buckwheat
havardii S. Watson [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
Havard’s wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum leucophyllum Wooton & Standley
hieraciifolium Bentham [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
hawkweed wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum pannosum Wooton & Standley
hookeri S. Watson [Soreng 1984]
Hooker’s wild-buckwheat
inflatum Torrey & Fremont [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
Indian-Pipe-weed
jamesii Bentham var. flavescens S. Watson [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
James’s wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum arcuatum Greene
Eriogonum bakeri Greene
jamesii Bentham var. jamesii [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
James’s wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum jamesii Bentham var. neomexicanum Gandoger
jamesii Bentham var. neomexicanum Gandoger = Eriogonum jamesii Bentham var. jamesii
jamesii Bentham var. undulatum (Bentham) Stokes ex M.E. Jones [M&H]
James’s wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum undulatum Bentham
jamesii Bentham var. wootonii Reveal = Eriogonum wootonii (Reveal) Reveal
+lachnogynum Torrey ex Bentham var. colobum Reveal & Clifford [Reveal & Clifford 2004]
clipped wild-buckwheat
lachnogynum Torrey ex Bentham var. lachnogynum [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
wooly-cup wild-buckwheat
lachnogynum Torrey ex Bentham var. sarahiae (Atwood & Clifford) Reveal [Welsh et al.
2003]
Sarah’s wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum sarahiae Atwood & Clifford
leptocladon Torrey & Gray var. papiliunculi Reveal [Reveal 1976]
sand wild-buckwheat

399
 Eriogonum eastwoodiae M. E. Jones
Eriogonum effusum Nuttall subsp. leptocladon (Torrey & Gray) Stokes
leptocladon Torrey & Gray var. ramosissimum (Eastwood) Reveal [M&H; Reveal 1976]
sand wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum ramosissimum Eastwood
leptophyllum (Torrey) Wooton & Standley [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
slender-leaf wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum effusum Nuttall var. leptophyllum Torrey
leucophyllum Wooton & Standley = Eriogonum havardii S. Watson
lonchophyllum Torrey & Gray var. fendlerianum (Bentham) Reveal [M&H; Reveal 1976;
W&S]
spear-leaf wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum ainsliei Standley
Eriogonum fendlerianum Bentham
lonchophyllum Torrey & Gray var. lonchophyllum [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
spear-leaf wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum nudicaule (Torrey) Small subsp. scoparium (Small) Stokes
Eriogonum nudicaule (Torrey) Small subsp. tristichum (Small) Stokes
Eriogonum scoparium Small
Eriogonum tristichum Small
+lonchophyllum Torrey & Gray var. nudicaule (Torrey) Reveal [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
spear-leaf wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum effusum Nuttall var. nudicaule Torrey
Eriogonum nudicaule (Torrey) Small
longifolium Nuttall [M&H; W&S; Sivinski 2000]
long-leaf wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum longifolium Nuttall var. lindheimeri Gandoger
Eriogonum texanum Scheele
longifolium Nuttall var. lindheimeri Gandoger = Eriogonum longifolium Nuttall
longilobum M.E. Jones = Eriogonum shockleyi S. Watson
maculatum Heller [Spellenberg et al. 1993]
spotted wild-buckwheat
microthecum Nuttall var. foliosum (Torrey & Gray) Reveal = Eriogonum microthecum Nuttall var.
simpsonii (Bentham) Reveal
microthecum Nuttall var. simpsonii (Bentham) Reveal [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
Simpson’s wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum effusum Nuttall subsp. simpsonii (Bentham) Stokes
Eriogonum microthecum Nuttall var. foliosum (Torrey & Gray) Reveal
Eriogonum simpsonii Bentham
nudicaule (Torrey) Small = Eriogonum lonchophyllum Torrey & Gray var. nudicaule (Torrey)
Reveal
nudicaule (Torrey) Small subsp. scoparium (Small) Stokes = Eriogonum lonchophyllum Torrey &
Gray var. lonchophyllum
nudicaule (Torrey) Small subsp. tristichum (Small) Stokes = Eriogonum lonchophyllum Torrey &
Gray var. lonchophyllum
ovalifolium Nuttall [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
cushion wild-buckwheat
palmerianum Reveal [Reveal 1976]
Palmer’s wild-buckwheat
pannosum Wooton & Standley = Eriogonum hieraciifolium Bentham
pharnaceoides Torrey [Reveal 1976; W&S]
wire-stem wild-buckwheat
pinetorum Greene = Eriogonum abertianum Torrey var. abertianum
polycladon Bentham [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
sorrel wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum densum Greene
Eriogonum polycladon Bentham var. crispum Gandoger

400
 Eriogonum vimineum Douglas ex Bentham subsp. polycladon (Bentham) Stokes
polycladon Bentham var. crispum Gandoger = Eriogonum polycladon Bentham
racemosum Nuttall [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
red-root wild-buckwheat
ramosissimum Eastwood = Eriogonum leptocladon Torrey & Gray var. ramosissimum (Eastwood)
Reveal
rotundifolium Bentham [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
saucer-leaf wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum cernuum Nuttall subsp. rotundifolium (Bentham) Stokes
sarahiae Atwood & Clifford = Eriogonum lachnogynum Torrey ex Bentham var. sarahiae (Atwood
& Clifford) Reveal
salsuginosum (Nuttall) Hooker = Stenogonum salsuginosum Nuttall
scabrellum Reveal [Soreng 1984]
scratchy wild-buckwheat
shockleyi S. Watson var. longilobum (M.E. Jones) Reveal = Eriogonum shockleyi S. Watson var.
shockleyi
shockleyi S. Watson [Reveal 1976]
Shockley’s wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum longilobum M.E. Jones
Eriogonum shockleyi S. Watson var. longilobum (M.E. Jones) Reveal
shockleyi S. Watson var. longilobum (M.E. Jones) Reveal = Eriogonum shockleyi S. Watson
scoparium Small = Eriogonum lonchophyllum Torrey & Gray var. lonchophyllum
simpsonii Bentham = Eriogonum microthecum Nuttall var. simpsonii (Bentham) Reveal
subreniforme S. Watson [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
kidney-bean wild-buckwheat
tenellum Torrey [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
tall wild-buckwheat
texanum Scheele = Eriogonum longifolium Nuttall
thurberi Torrey : Reported by Kartesz (1999) without documentation; awaits verification.
trachygonum Torrey ex Bentham subsp. wrightii (Torrey ex Bentham) Stokes = Eriogonum wrightii
Torrey ex Bantham
trichopes Torrey [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
little desert-trumpet
Eriogonum trichopodum Torrey ex Bentham
trichopodum Torrey ex Bentham = Eriogonum trichopes Torrey
triste S. Watson = Eriogonum alatum Torrey in Sitgreaves var. alatum
tristichum Small = Eriogonum lonchophyllum Torrey & Gray var. lonchophyllum
umbellatum Torrey [Reveal 1976]
sulphur-weed
undulatum Bentham = Eriogonum jamesii Bentham var. undulatum (Bentham) Stokes ex M.E. Jones
villiflorum Gray [Heil 2003; Tidestrom & Kittell 1941]
gray wild-buckwheat
vimineum Douglas ex Bentham subsp. polycladon (Bentham) Stokes = Eriogonum polycladon
Bentham
wetherillii Eastwood [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
Wetherill’s wild-buckwheat
+wootonii (Reveal) Reveal [M&H; Reveal 1976]
Wooton’s wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum jamesii Bentham var. wootonii Reveal
wrightii Torrey ex Bentham [M&H; Reveal 1976; W&S]
bastard-sage, Wright’s wild-buckwheat
Eriogonum trachygonum Torrey ex Bentham subsp. wrightii (Torrey ex Bentham) Stokes
Fagopyrum buckwheat
fagopyrum (Linnaeus) Karsten = Fagopyrum esculentum Moench
*esculentum Moench [M&H; W&S]
garden buckwheat
Fagopyrum fagopyrum (Linnaeus) Karsten

401
 Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilibert
sagittatum Gilibert = Fagopyrum esculentum Moench
Fallopia black-bindweed
Spellenberg, R. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 10:7. [Falopia (as Polygonum)
aubertii]
*convolvulus (Linnaeus) A. Löve [M&H; W&S]
black-bindweed
Bilderdykia convolvulus (Linnaeus) Dumortier
Polygonum convolvulus Linnaeus
*baldschuanica (Regel) Holub [Spellenberg 1999]
Chinese fleece-vine, mile-a-minute vine
Polygonum aubertii L. Henry
Polygonum baldschuanicum Regel
Gonopyrum americanum Fischer & Meyer = Polygonella americana (Fischer & Meyer) Small
Oxyria mountain-sorrel
digyna (Linnaeus) Hill [M&H; W&S]
mountain-sorrel
Rumex digynus Linnaeus
Persicaria smartweed
Hinds, H.R. & C.C. Freeman. 2005. Persicaria, p. 574-594. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 5. Oxford University
Press.
Stanford, E.E. 1927. Polygonuym Hydropiper in Europe and North America. Rhodora 29:77-87.
amphibia (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray [Hinds & Freeman 2005; M&H; W&S]
water smartweed
Persicaria coccinea (Muhlenberg) Greene
Persicaria muhlenbergia (Meisner) S. Watson
Persicaria hartwrightii (Gray) Greene
Polygonum amphibium Linnaeus
Polygonum amphibium Linnaeus var. emersum Michaux
Polygonum amphibium Linnaeus var. stipulaceum (Coleman) Fernald
Polygonum coccineum Muhlenberg
Polygonum hartwrightii Gray
Polygonum natans Eaton
bicornis (Rafinesque) Nieuwland [Hinds & Freeman 2005; W&S]
pinkweed
Persicaria longistyla (Small) Small
Polygonum bicorne Rafinesque
Polygonum longistylum Small
coccinea (Muhlenberg) Greene = Persicaria amphibia (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray
hartwrightii (Gray) Greene = Persicaria amphibia (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray
hydropiper (Linnaeus) Spach [Hinds & Freeman 2005]
water pepper
Polygonum hydropiper Linnaeus
hydropiperoides (Michaux) Small : Reported as expected or probable by M&H; the documentation
in Kartesz (1999, based on Stanford 1927) is inconclusive; awaits verification.
Polygonum hydropiperoides Michaux
incarnata (Elliott) Small = Persicaria lapathifolia (Linnaeus) Gray
muhlenbergia (Meisner) S. Watson = Persicaria amphibia (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray
*lapathifolia (Linnaeus) Gray [Hinds & Freeman 2005; M&H; W&S]
dock-leaf smartweed
Persicaria incarnata (Elliott) Small
Polygonum incarnatum Elliott
Polygonum lapathifolium Linnaeus
longistyla (Small) Small = Persicaria bicornis (Rafinesque) Nieuwland
*maculosa Gray [Hinds & Freeman 2005; M&H; W&S]
lady’s-thumb
Persicaria persicaria (Linnaeus) Small
Persicaria vulgaris Webb & Moquin-Tandon

402
 Polygonum persicaria Linnaeus
pensylvanica (Linnaeus) M. Gomez [Hinds & Freeman 2005; W&S]
Pennsylvania smartweed
Polygonum pensylvanicum Linnaeus
persicaria (Linnaeus) Small = Persicaria maculosa Gray
punctata (Elliott) Small [Hinds & Freeman 2005; M&H; W&S]
dotted smartweed
Polygonum punctatum Elliott
vulgaris Webb & Moquin-Tandon = Persicaria maculosa Gray
Polygonella jointweed
Horton, J.H. 1963. A taxonomic revision of Polygonella (Polygonaceae). Brittonia 15:177-203.
americana (Fischer & Meyer) Small [M&H; W&S]
southern jointweed
Gonopyrum americanum Fischer & Meyer
Polygonum knotweed, smartweed
Costea, M. & F.J. Tardif. 2003. Typification, taxonomy, and a new subspecies of Polygonum sawatchense
(Polygonaceae) from North America. Sida 20(4):1631-1640.
Costea, M., F.J. Tardif, & H.R. Hinds. 2005. Polygonum, p. 547-571. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 5, pt. 2. Oxford
University Press, New York.
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp.
[Polygonum arenastrum]
Heil, K. & S. O'Kane. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 41:7. [Polygonum polygaloides
kelloggii]
Hickman, J.C. 1984. Nomenclatural changes in Persicaria, Polygonum, and Rumex (Polygonaceae). Madroño 31(4):
249-252.
McDonald, C.B. 1980. A biosystematic study of the Polygonum hydropiperoides (Polygonaceae) complex. Amer. J.
Bot. 67:664-670.
Mertens, T.R. & P.H. Raven. 1965. Taxonomy of Polygonum, section Polygonum (Avivulare) in North America.
Madroño 18:85-92.
Mitchell, R.A. 1968. Variation in the Polygonum amphibium complex and its taxonomic significance. Univ. Calif.
Publ. Bot. 45:1-65.
Ronse Decraene, L.P. Akeroyd, J.R. 1988. Generic limits in Polygonum and related genera (Polygonaceae) on the
basis of floral characters. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 98:321-371.
Stanford, E.E. 1927. Polygonuym Hydropiper in Europe and North America. Rhodora 29:77-87.
Wolf, S.J. & J. McNeil. 1986. Synopsis and achene morphology of Polygonum section Polygonum (Polygonaceae) in
Canada. Rhodora 88:457-479.
amphibium Linnaeus var. amphibium = Persicaria amphibia (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray
amphibium Linnaeus var. emersum Michaux = Persicaria amphibia (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray
amphibium Linnaeus var. stipulaceum (Coleman) Fernald = Persicaria amphibia (Linnaeus) S.F.
Gray
*arenastrum Jordan ex Boreau [Great Plains Flora Association 1977]
oval-leaf knotweed
*argyrocoleon Steudel ex Kunze [M&H]
silver-sheath knotweed
aubertii L. Henry = Persicaria baldschuanica (Regel) Holub
*aviculare Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
yard knotweed
Polygonum buxiforme Small
baldschuanicum Regel = Fallopia baldschuanica (Regel) Holub
*bellardii Allioni : Reported for NM by Kartesz (1999), but documentation inconclusive; awaits
verification.
bicorne Rafinesque = Pericaria bicornis (Rafinesque) Nieuwland
bistortoides Pursh = Bistorta bistortoides (Pursh) Small
buxiforme Small = Polygonum aviculare Linnaeus
caespitosum Blume var. longisetum (deBruyn) A.N. Steward : Reported for NM by Kartesz (1999),
but apparently from mistaken data.
coccineum Muhlenberg = Persicaria amphibia (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray
confertiflorum Nuttall ex Piper = Polygonum polygaloides Wallich ex Meisner subsp. confertiflorum
(Nuttall ex Piper) Hickman
convolvulus Linnaeus = Fallopia convolvulus (Linnaeus) A. Löve
douglasii Greene [M&H; W&S]

403
 Douglas’s knotweed
Polygonum douglasii Greene var. latifolium (Engelmann) Greene
Polygonum douglasii Greene var. montanum Small
Polygonum montanum (Small) Greene
Polygonum tenue Michaux var. latifolium Engelmann
douglasii Greene subsp. johnstonii (Munz) Hickman = Polygonum sawatchense Small
douglasii Greene var johnstonii Munz = Polygonum sawatchense Small
douglasii Greene var. latifolium (Engelmann) Greene = Polygonum douglasii Greene
douglasii Greene var. montanum Small = Polygonum douglasii Greene
erectum Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
erect knotweed
hartwrightii Gray = Persicaria amphibia (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray
hydropiper Linnaeus = Persicaria hydropiper (Linnaeus) Spach
hydropiperoides Michaux (=Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michaux) Small) : Reported as expected or
probable by M&H; the documentation in Kartesz (1999, based on Stanford 1927) is
inconclusive; awaits verification.
incarnatum Elliott = Persicaria lapathifolia (Linnaeus) Gray
kelloggii Greene = Polygonum polygaloides Wallich ex Meisner subsp. kelloggii (Greene) Hickman
lapathifolium Linnaeus = Persicaria lapathifolia (Linnaeus) Gray
longistylum Small = Persicaria bicornis (Rafinewaue) Nieuwland
montanum (Small) Greene = Polygonum douglasii Greene
natans Eaton = Persicaria amphibia (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray
pensylvanicum Linnaeus = Persicaria pensylvanica (Linnaeus) M. Gomez
persicaria Linnaeus = Persicaria maculosa Gray
polygaloides Wallich ex Meisner subsp. confertiflorum (Nuttall ex Piper) Hickman
[M&H; W&S]
white-margin knotweed
Polygonum confertiflorum Nuttall ex Piper
Polygonum watsonii Small
polygaloides Wallich ex Meisner subsp. kelloggii (Greene) Hickman [Heil & O’Kane 2007]
white-margin knotweed
Polygonum kelloggii Greene
punctatum Elliott = Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small
ramosissimum Michaux [M&H; W&S]
yellow-flower knotweed
sawatchense Small [M&H; W&S]
Sawatch knotweed
Polygonum douglasii Greene subsp. johnstonii (Munz) Hickman
Polygonum douglasii Greene var johnstonii Munz
viviparum Linnaeus = Bistorta vivipara (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray
tenue Michaux var. latifolium Engelmann = Polygon douglasii Greene
tomentosum Willdenow = Persicaria lapathifolia (Linnaeus) Gray
watsonii Small = Polygonum polygaloides Wallich ex Meisner subsp. confertiflorum (Nuttall ex
Piper) Hickman
Pterostegia threadstem
Reveal, J.L. 1989. Remarks on the genus Pterostegia (Polygonaceae: Eriogonoideae). Phytologia 66(30:228-235.
[Pterostegia drymarioides]
drymarioides Fischer & C.A. Meyer [Reveal 1989]
woodland threadstem
Rumex dock
Allred, K.W. 1998. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 7:6. [Rumex pulcher]
Mosyakin, S.L. 2005. Rumex, pp. 489-533. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 5, pt. 2. Oxford University Press, New
York.
Rechinger, K.H., Jr. 1937. The North American species of Rumex. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. Publ. 386.
Tidestrom, I. & T. Kittell. 1941. A Flora of Arizona and New Mexico. The Catholic University of America Press,
Washington, D.C. 897 pp. [Rumex patientia]
*acetosella Linnaeus [M&H; Rechinger 1937; W&S]
sheep sorrel
altissimus Wood [M&H; Rechinger 1937; W&S]

404
 pale dock
Rumex ellipticus Greene
aquaticus Linnaeus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn = Rumex occidentalis S. Watson
britannica sensu W&S = Rumex patientia Linnaeus
californicus K.H. Rechinger [M&H]
willow dock
Rumex salicifolius Weinmann var. denticulatus Torrey
conglomeratus Murray : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
*crispus Linnaeus subsp. crispus [M&H; Rechinger 1937; W&S]
curly dock
densiflorus Osterhout [M&H]
dense-flower dock
digynus Linnaeus = Oxyria digyna (Linnaeus) Hill
ellipticus Greene = Rumex altissimus Wood
fueginus Philippi = Rumex maritimus Linnaeus
hastatulus Baldwin [M&H; Rechinger 1937]
heart-wing sorrel
hymenosepalus Torrey [M&H; Rechinger 1937; W&S]
cañaigre, sand dock
maritimus Linnaeus [Rechinger 1937; M&H; W&S]
golden dock
Rumex fueginus Philippi
Rumex persicarioides Linnaeus
mexicanus Meisner [M&H; Rechinger 1937; W&S]
mexican dock
Rumex salicifolius Weinmann var. mexicanus (Meisner) C.L. Hitchcock
nematopodus K.H. Rechinger [M&H]
Arizona dock
*obtusifolius Linnaeus [M&H; Rechinger 1937; W&S]
bitter dock
occidentalis S. Watson [M&H; Rechinger 1937; W&S]
western dock
Rumex aquaticus Linnaeus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn
orthoneurus K.H. Rechinger [M&H]
Chiricahua dock
*patientia Linnaeus [Tidestrom & Kittell 1941; W&S]
patience dock
Rumex britannica sensu W&S
persicarioides Linnaeus = Rumex maritimus Linnaeus
*pulcher Linnaeus [Allred 1998]
fiddle dock
salicifolius Weinmann var. denticulatus Torrey = Rumex californicus K.H. Rechinger
salicifolius Weinmann var. mexicanus (Meisner) C.L. Hitchcock = Rumex mexicanus Meisner
salicifolius Weinmann subsp. triangulivalvis Danser = Rumex triangulivalvis (Danser) K.H.
Rechinger
stenophyllus Ledebour [Allred 2005; Mosyakin 2005]
narrowleaf dock
+tomentellus K.H. Rechinger [M&H]
wooly dock
triangulivalvis (Danser) K.H. Rechinger [Mosyakin 2005]
white dock
Rumex salicifolius Weinmann subsp. triangulivalvis Danser
venosus Pursh [M&H]
veiny dock
verticillatus Linnaeus [M&H]
swamp dock
405
 violascens K.H. Rechinger [M&H; Rechinger 1937]
violet dock
Stenogonum wild-buckwheat
Reveal, J.L. & B.J. Ertter. 1977. Re-establishment of Stenogonum (Polygonaceae). Great Basin Naturalist 36:272-280.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Stenogonum flexum]
flexum (M.E. Jones) Reveal & J.T. Howell [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
bent buckwheat
Eriogonum flexum M.E. Jones
salsuginosum Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
smooth buckwheat
Eriogonum salsuginosum (Nuttall) Hooker

Family PORTULACACEAE
Nyffeler, R. & U. Eggli. 2010. Disintegrating Portulacaceae: A new familial classification of the suborder
Portulacineae (Caryophyllales) based on molecular and morphological data. Taxon 59(1):227-240.
Packer, J.G. 2003. Portulacaceae, pp. 457-504. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press,
New York.
Note: Recent molecular investigation (Nyffeler & Eggli 2010) summarizes the conclusion that traditional
Portulacaceae comprises several separate lineages, each of which should be treated as a distinct family. For practical
reasons (having mostly to do with the identification manual, vol. III of this series), I maintain here the listing of genera
within the all-inclusive Portulacaceae family. Below are the more accurate dispostions and relationships of the various
genera:
Anacampserotaceae: Talinopsis.
Montiaceae: Calandrinia, Calyptridium, Claytonia, Lewisia, Montia, Phemeranthus.
Portulacaceae s.s.: Portulaca.
Talinaceae: Talinum.
Calandrinia redmaids
Kelley, W.A. 2003. Calandrinia, pp. 459-460. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press, New
York.
Wagner, W.L. 1979. New records to the Animas Mountain flora, New Mexico. Southw. Naturalist 24(2):291-296.
[Calandrinia ciliata]
arizonica Rydberg = Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pavon) A.P. de Candolle
ciliata (Ruiz & Pavon) A.P. de Candolle [Kelley 2003; M&H; Wagner 1979]
fringed redmaids
Calandrinia arizonica Rydberg
Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pavon) A.P. de Candolle var. menziesii (Hooker) Macbride
Talinum ciliatum Ruiz & Pavon
nevadensis Gray = Lewisia nevadensis (Gray) B.L Robinson
Calyptridium pussypaws
monandrum Nuttall [M&H]
pussypaws
Claytonia spring-beauty
Halleck, D.K. & D. Wiens. 1966. Taxonomic status of Claytonia rosea and C. lanceolata (Portulaceae). Ann.
Missouri Bot. Gard. 53(2):205-212. [Claytonia rosea]
Miller, J.M. 2003. Claytonia, pp. 465-475. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press, New
York.
Miller, J.M. & K.L. Chambers. 2006. Systematics of Claytonia (Portulacaceae). Syst. Bot. Monographs 78:1-236.
arctica Adams var. megarhiza Gray = Claytonia megarhiza (Gray) Parry ex S. Watson
chamissoi Ledebour = Montia chamissoi (Ledebour ex Sprengel) Durand & Jackson
lanceolata Pallas ex Pursh [M&H; Miller 2003; W&S]
lance-leaf spring-beauty
megarhiza (Gray) Parry ex S. Watson [M&H; Miller 2003; W&S]
alpine spring-beauty
Claytonia arctica Adams var. megarhiza Gray
perfoliata Donn ex Willdenow subsp. mexicana (Rydberg) J.M. Miller [Miller 2003]
Mexican miner’s-lettuce
Limnia mexicana Rydberg
rosea Rydberg [Halleck & Wiens 1966; Miller 2003]
western spring-beauty

406
Crunocallis chamissonis (Ledebour) Rydberg = Montia chamissoi (Ledebour) Durand & Jackson
Lewisia bitter-root
Abrams, L. 1940-1960. An illustrated flora of the Pacific States, Washington, Oregon, and California. 4 vols. Stanford
Univ. Press.
Hershkovitz, M.A. & S.B. Hogan. 2003. Lewisia, pp. 476-4485. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford
University Press, New York.
Matthew, B. 1989. The Genus Lewisia. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 151 pp. [Lewisia pygmaea]
brachycalyx Engelmann ex Gray : Matthews (1989) noted that plants attributed to NM by Abrams
(1940-1960) were probably collected in Arizona; awaits verification.
pygmaea (Gray) Robinson var. nevadensis (Gray) Fosberg = Lewisia nevadensis (Gray) Robinson
nevadensis (Gray) B.L. Robinson [Hershkovitz & Hogan 2003; M&H; W&S]
Nevada bitter-root
Calandrinia nevadensis Gray
Lewisia pygmaea (Gray) Robinson var. nevadensis (Gray) Fosberg
Oreobroma nevadense (Gray) Howell
pygmaea (Gray) B.L. Robinson [Hershkovitz & Hogan 2003; Matthew 1989]
alpine bitter-root
Talinum pygmaeum Gray
Limnia mexicana Rydberg = Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willdenow subsp. mexicana (Rydberg) J.M.
Miller
Montia miner’s-lettuce
Miller, J.M. 2003. Montia, pp. 485-488. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press, New York.
chamissoi (Ledebour ex Sprengel) Durand & Jackson [M&H; Miller 2003; W&S]
miner’s-lettuce
Claytonia chamissoi Ledebour
Crunocallis chamissonis (Ledebour) Rydberg
perfoliata (Donn ex Willdenow) Howell = Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willdenow
Oreobroma nevadense (Gray) Howell = Lewisia nevadensis (Gray) Robinson
Phemeranthus fameflower
Allred, K.W. 2002. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 24:7. [Phemeranthus parvulus]
Bogle, A.L. 1969. The genera of Portulacaceae and Basellaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor.
50:566-598. [Phemeranthus calycinus]
Ferguson, D.J. 2001. Phemeranthus and Talinum (Portulacaceae) in New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 20:1-7.
Kiger, R.W. 2003. Phemeranthus, pp. 488-495. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press,
New York. [Phemeranthus validulus]
aurantiacus (Engelmann) Kiger = Talinum aurantiacum Engelmann
brevicaulis (S. Watson) Kiger [Kiger 2003; M&H; W&S]
showy fameflower, short-stem fameflower
Talinum brevicaule S. Watson
Talinum eximium A. Nelson
Talinum pulchellum Wooton & Standley
Talinum youngiae C.H. Muller
brevifolius (Torrey) Hershkovitz [Kiger 2003; M&H; W&S]
pygmy fameflower
Talinum brevifolium Torrey
Talinum brachypodum S. Watson
calycinus (Engelmann) Kiger [Bogle 1969; Kiger 2003]
large-flowered fameflower
Talinum calycinum Engelmann
confertiflorus (Greene) Hershkovitz = Phemeranthus parviflorus (Nuttall) Kiger
humilis (Greene) Kiger [Kiger 2003; M&H; W&S]
Pinos Altos fameflower
Talinum humile Greene
longipes (Wooton & Standley) Kiger [Kiger 2003; M&H; W&S]
Tortugas fameflower
Talinum longipes Wooton & Standley
marginatus (Greene) Kiger = Phemeranthus parvulus (Rose & Standley) ined.
parviflorus (Nuttall) Kiger [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico fameflower

407
 Phemeranthus confertiflorus (Greene) Hershkovitz
Talinum confertiflorum Greene
Talinum fallax von Poellnitz
Talinum gooddingii P. Wilson
Talinum gracile Rose & Standley (non Colla 1833)
Talinum parviflorum Nuttall
Talinum rosei P. Wilson
parvulus (Rose & Standley) ined. [Allred 2002] Note: This combination has not yet been made in
Phemeranthus, and is not herein effected. The parvulum epithet was published in 1911,
marginatum in 1912.
bottle-leaf fameflower
Phemeranthus marginatus (Greene) Kiger
Talinum parvulum Rose & Standley
Talinum marginatum Greene
validulus (Greene) Kiger [Kiger 2003]
stalked fameflower
Talinum validulum Greene
Portulaca purslane
Danin, Auinoam, I. Baker, & H. Baker. 1978. Cytogeographiy and taxonomy of the Portulaca oleracea L. polyploid
complex. Israel J. Bot. 27:177-211.
Matthews, J.F. 2003. Portulaca, pp. 496-501. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press, New
York.
Matthews, J.F. & D.W. Ketron. 1991. Two new combinations in Portulaca (Portulacaceae). Castanea. 56(4): 304-305.
Matthews, J.F., D.W. Ketron, & S.F. Zane. 1992. The reevaluation of Portulaca pilosa and P. mundula (Portulaceae).
Sida 15:71-89.
Matthews, J.F., D.W. Ketron, & S.F. Zane. 1992. Portulaca umbraticola Kunth (Portulacaceae) in the United States.
Castanea 57(3): 202-208.
Matthews, J.F., D.W. Ketron, & S.F. Zane. 1993. The biology and taxonomy of the Portulaca oleracea L.
(Portulacaceae) complex in North America. Rhodora 95(882): 166-183.
coronata Small = Portulaca umbraticola Kunth subsp. lanceolata (Engelmann) Matthews
fruticosa Linnaeus = Talinum fruticosum (Linnaeus) Jussieu
*grandiflora Hooker [Matthews 2003]
moss-rose
halimoides Linnaeus [M&H; Matthews 2003; W&S]
silk-cotton purslane
Portulaca parvula Gray
lanceolata Engelmann = Portulaca umbraticola Kunth subsp. lanceolata (Engelmann) Matthews
mundula I.M. Johnston = Portulaca pilosa Linnaeus
*oleracea Linnaeus subsp. impolita Danin & H.G. Baker [Danin et al. 1978]
garden purslane, hogweed
*oleracea Linnaeus subsp. oleracea [M&H; Matthews 2003; W&S]
garden purslane, hogweed
Portulaca retusa Engelmann
*oleracea Linnaeus subsp. papillito-stellulata Danin & H.G. Baker [Danin et al. 1978]
garden purslane, hogweed
paniculata Jacquin = Talinum paniculatum (Jacquin) Gaertner
parvula Gray = Portulaca halimoides Linnaeus
pilosa Linnaeus [M&H; Matthews 2003; W&S]
kiss-me-quick
Portulaca mundula I.M. Johnston
retusa Engelmann = Portulaca oleracea Linnaeus subsp oleracea
suffrutescens Engelmann [M&H; Matthews 2003; W&S]
shrubby purslane
umbraticola Kunth subsp. lanceolata (Engelmann) Matthews [M&H; Matthews 2003; W&S]
Chinese hats
Portulaca coronata Small
Portulaca lanceolata Engelmann
Talinopsis fameflower

408
 Kiger, R. 2003. Talinopsis, pp. 501-502. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1. Oxford University Press, New
York.
frutescens Gray [Kiger 2003; M&H; W&S]
arroyo fameflower
Talinum fameflower
Allred, K.W. 2002. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 24:7. [Talinum parvulum]
Carter, M.E.B. & W.H. Murdy. 1985. Systematics of Talinum parviflorum Nutt, and the origin of Talinum teretifolium
Pursh (Portulacaceae). Rhodora 87(850): 121-130.
Ferguson, D.J. 2001. Phemeranthus and Talinum (Portulacaceae) in New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 20:1-7.
Hershkovitz, M.A. 1991. Taxonomic notes on Cistanthe, Calandrinia, and Talinum (Portulacaeae). Phytologia 70(3):
209-225.
Poellnitz, K. von. 1934. Monographie der Gattung Talinum. Adans. Repert. Sp. Nov. 35:1-34.
angustissimum (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley = Talinum polygaloides Gillies ex Arnott
aurantiacum Engelmann [M&H; W&S]
orange fameflower
Phemeranthus aurantiacus (Engelmann) Kiger
aurantiacum Engelmann var. angustissimum Engelmann = Talinum polygaloides Gillies ex Arnott
brachypodum S. Watson = Phemeranthus brevifolius (Torrey) Hershkovitz
brevicaule S. Watson = Phemeranthus brevicaulis (S. Watson) Kiger
brevifolium Torrey = Phemeranthus brevifolius (Torrey) Hershkovitz
calycinum Engelmann = Phemeranthus calycinus (Engelmann) Kiger
chrysanthum Rose & Standley =Talinum spathulatum Engelmann
ciliatum Ruiz & Pavon = Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pavon) A.P. de Candolle
confertiflorum Greene = Phemeranthus parviflorus (Nuttall) Kiger
eximium A. Nelson = Phemeranthus brevicaulis (S. Watson) Kiger
fallax von Poellnitz = Phemeranthus parviflorus (Nuttall) Kiger
*fruticosum (Linnaeus) Willdenow [Ferguson 2001]
verdolaga-Francesca
Portulaca fruticosa Linnaeus
gooddingii Wilson = Phemeranthus parviflorus (Nuttall) Kiger
gracile Rose & Standley, non Colla 1833 = Phemeranthus parviflorus (Nuttall) Kiger
humile Greene = Phemeranthus humilis (Greene) Kiger
longipes Wooton & Standley = Phemeranthus longipes (Wooton & Standley) Kiger
marginatum Greene = Phemeranthus parvulus (Rose & Standley) ined.
paniculatum (Jacquin) Gaertner [Kiger 2003; M&H; W&S] Note: Ferguson (2001) proposed that NM
material referred here actually belongs to an as yet undescribed species; we will use the name
Talinum paniculatum (Jacquin) Gaertner until the situation is clarified.
pink baby’s-breath
Portulaca paniculata Jacquin
parvulum Rose & Standley = Phemeranthus parvulus (Rose & Standley) ined.
parviflorum Nuttall = Phemeranthus parviflorus (Nuttall) Kiger
polygaloides Gillies ex Arnott [Ferguson 2001; M&H; W&S]
yellow fameflower
Talinum angustissimum (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley
Talinum aurantiacum Engelmann var. angustissimum Engelmann
pulchellum Wooton & Standley = Phemeranthus brevicaulis (S. Watson) Kiger
pygmaeum Gray = Lewisia pygmaea (Gray) B.L. Robinson
rosei P. Wilson = Phemeranthus parviflorus (Nuttall) Kiger
spathulatum Engelmann ex A. Gray [Ferguson 2001]
yellow baby’s-breath
whitei I.M. Johnston [Ferguson 2001]
White’s fameflower
youngiae C.H. Muller = Phemeranthus brevicaulis (S. Watson) Kiger

Family PRIMULACEAE
Cholewa, A.F. 1992. Primulaceae. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 26(1):17-21.
Cholewa, A.F. & S. Kelso. 2009. Primulaceae, p. 257-301. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University
Press, New York.
Anagallis = see Myrsinaceae
Androsace rock-jasmine

409
 Kelso, S. 2009. Androsace, p. 259-263. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press, New York.
Robbins, G.T. 1944. North American species of Androsace. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 32:137-163.
Wooton, E.O. & P.C. Standley. 1907. The genus Androsace in New Mexico. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34:517-520.
arizonica Gray = Androsace occidentalis Pursh
carinata Torrey = Androsace chamaejasme Wulfen subsp. lehmanniana (Sprengel) Hultén
chamaejasme Wulfen subsp. carinata (Torrey) Hultén = Androsace chamaejasme Wulfen subsp.
lehmanniana (Sprengel) Hultén
chamaejasme Wulfen subsp. lehmanniana (Sprengel) Hultén [Kelso 2009; M&H; W&S]
sweet rock-jasmine
Androsace carinata Torrey
Androsace chamaejasme Wulfen subsp. carinata (Torrey) Hultén
Drosace carinata (Torrey) A. Nelson
diffusa Small = Androsace septentrionalis Linnaeus
glandulosa Wooton & Standley = Androsace septentrionalis Linnaeus
occidentalis Pursh [Kelso 2009; M&H; W&S]
western rock-jasmine
Androsace arizonica Gray
Androsace occidentalis Pursh var. arizonica (Gray) St. John
Androsace platysepala Wooton & Standley
occidentalis Pursh var. arizonica (Gray) St. John = Androsace occidentalis Pursh
pinetorum Greene = Androsace septentrionalis Linnaeus
platysepala Wooton & Standley = Androsace occidentalis Pursh
puberulenta Rydberg = Androsace septentrionalis Linnaeus
septentrionalis Linnaeus [Kelso 2009; M&H; W&S]
northern rock-jasmine
Androsace diffusa Small
Androsace glandulosa Wooton & Standley
Androsace pinetorum Greene
Androsace puberulenta Rydberg
Androsace septentrionalis Linnaeus var. glandulosa (Wooton & Standley) St. John
Androsace septentrionalis Linnaeus var. puberulenta (Rydberg) Knuth
Androsace septentrionalis Linnaeus var. subulifera Gray
Androsace septentrionalis Linnaeus var. subumbellata A. Nelson
Androsace subulifera (Gray) Greene
Androsace subumbellata (A. Nelson) Small
septentrionalis Linnaeus var. glandulosa (Wooton & Standley) St. John = Androsace septentrionalis
Linnaeus
septentrionalis Linnaeus var. puberulenta (Rydberg) Knuth = Androsace septentrionalis Linnaeus
septentrionalis Linnaeus var. subulifera Gray = Androsace septentrionalis Linnaeus
septentrionalis Linnaeus var. subumbellata A. Nelson = Androsace septentrionalis Linnaeus
subulifera (Gray) Greene = Androsace septentrionalis Linnaeus
subumbellata (A. Nelson) Small = Androsace septentrionalis Linnaeus
Centunculus = see Myrsinaceae
Dodecatheon ellisiae Standley = Primula standleyana Mast & Reveal
dentatum Hooker var. ellisiae (Standley) N. Holmgren = Primula standleyana Mast & Reveal
pulchellum (Rafinesque) Merrill = Primula pauciflora (Greene) Mast & Reveal
radicatum Greene = Primula pauciflora (Greene) Mast & Reveal
Drosace carinata (Torrey) A. Nelson = Androsace chamaejasme Wulfen subsp. carinatus (Torrey) Hultén
Exinia pulchella Rafinesque = Primula pauciflora (Greene) Mast & Reveal
Glaux = see Myrsinaceae
Lysimachia = see Myrsinaceae
Primula primrose
Holmgren, N.H. 1994. Redefinition of Dodecatheon dentatum (Primulaceae) and rationale for use of varietal rank.
Brittonia 46(2):87-94.
Kelso, S. 2009. Primula, p. 286-301. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press, New York.
Mast, A.R. & J.L. Reveal. 2007. Transfer of Dodecatheon to Primula (Primulaceae. Brittonia 59(1):79-82.
Reveal, J.L. 2009. Dodecatheon, p. 268-286. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press, New York.
angustifolia Torrey [Kelso 2009; M&H; W&S]
alpine primrose
ellisiae Pollard & Cockerell [M&H; Mast & Reveal 2009; W&S]

410
 Ellis’s primrose
non Dodecatheon ellisiae [=Primula standleyana A.R. Mast & Reveal]
Primula rusbyi Greene var. ellisiae (Pollard & Cockerell) L.O Williams
parryi Gray [Kelso 2009; M&H; W&S]
Parry’s primrose
pauciflora (Greene) Mast & Reveal [M&H; Mast & Reveal 2009; W&S]
shooting-star
Dodecatheon pauciflorum Greene
Dodecatheon pulchellum (Rafinesque) Merrill (non Primula pulchella Franchet)
Dodecatheon radicatum Greene
Exinia pulchella Rafinesque
rusbyi Greene [Kelso 2009; M&H; W&S]
Rusby’s primrose
rusbyi Greene var. ellisiae (Pollard & Cockerell) L.O. Williams = Primula ellisiae Pollard &
Cockerell
standleyana A.R. Mast & Reveal [Homgren 1994; M&H; Mast & Reveal 2009; W&S]
white shooting-star
Dodecatheon dentatum Hooker var. ellisiae (Standley) N. Holmgren
Dodecatheon ellisiae Standley (non Primula ellisiae Pollard & Cockerell)
Samolus = see Theophrastaceae

Family RAFFLESIACEAE
Pilostyles stemsucker
Rose, J.N. 1909. Rafflesiaceae. The North American species of Pilostyles, pp. 262-265. IN: Studies of Mexican and
Central American Plants, No. 6. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12:259-302.
Yatskievych, G. 1994. Rafflesiaceae. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 27(2):239.
thurberi Gray [M&H]
stem-sucker

Family RANUNCULACEAE
Aconitum monk’s-hood
Brink, D.E. & J.A. Woodson 1997. Aconitum, pp. 191-195. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University
Press.
arizonicum Greene = Aconitum columbianum Nuttall subsp. columbianum
bakeri Greene = Aconitum columbianum Nuttall subsp. columbianum
columbianum Nuttall var. bakeri (Greene) Harrington = Aconitum columbianum Nuttall subsp.
columbianum
columbianum Nuttall subsp. columbianum [Brink 1997; M&H; W&S]
monk’s-hood
Aconitum arizonicum Greene
Aconitum bakeri Greene
Aconitum columbianum Nuttall var. bakeri (Greene) Harrington
Aconitum lutescens A. Nelson
Aconitum mogollonicum Greene
Aconitum porrectum Rydberg
Aconitum robertianum Greene
lutescens A. Nelson = Aconitum columbianum Nuttall subsp. columbianum
mogollonicum Greene = Aconitum columbianum Nuttall subsp. columbianum
porrectum Rydberg = Aconitum columbianum Nuttall subsp. columbianum
robertianum Greene = Aconitum columbianum Nuttall subsp. columbianum
Actaea baneberry
Ford, B.A. 1997. Actaea, pp. 181-183. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
arguta Nuttall = Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willdenow subsp. arguta (Nuttall) Hultén
arguta Nuttall var. viridiflora (Greene) Tidestrom = Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willdenow subsp. arguta
(Nuttall) Hultén
rubra (Aiton) Willdenow subsp. arguta (Nuttall) Hultén [Ford 1997; M&H; W&S]
red baneberry
Actaea arguta Nuttall

411
 Actaea arguta Nuttall var. viridiflora (Greene) Tidestrom
Actaea viridiflora Greene
viridiflora Greene = Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willdenow subsp. arguta (Nuttall) Hultén
Anemone thimbleweed
Dutton, B.E., C.S. Keener, & B.A. Ford. 1997. Anemone, pp. 139-158. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford
University Press.
Enquist, M. and B. Crozier. 1995. Anemone tuberosa (Ranunculaceae) in Texas. Phytologia 78(6):428-445.
canadensis Linnaeus [Dutton & Keener 1997; M&H; W&S]
Canada thimbleweed
cylindrica Gray [Dutton & Keener 1997; M&H; W&S]
long-head thimbleweed
globosa Nuttall ex A. Nelson = Anemone multifida Poiret
multifida Poiret [Dutton & Keener 1997; M&H; W&S]
red windflower
Anemone globosa Nuttall ex A. Nelson
patens Linnaeus var. multifida Pritzel = Pulsatilla patens (Linnaeus) P. Miller subsp. multifida
(Pritzel) Zamelis
patens Linnaeus var. wolfgangiana (Besser) Koch = Pulsatilla patens (Linnaeus) P. Miller subsp.
multifida (Pritzel) Zamelis
sphenophylla of NM authors = Anemone tuberosa Rydberg
tuberosa Rydberg var. tuberosa [Dutton & Keener 1997; M&H; W&S]
desert thimbleweed
Anemone sphenophylla of NM authors
tuberosa Rydberg var. texana Enquist & Crozier [Enquist & Crozier 1995]
desert thimbleweed
Aquilegia columbine
Whittemore, A.T. 1997. Aquilegia, pp. 249-258. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
chaplinei Standley ex Payson [M&H; Whittemore 1997]
Chapline’s columbine
Aquilegia chrysantha Gray var. chaplinei (Standley ex Payson) E.J. Lott
chrysantha Gray [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
golden columbine
Aquilegia leptocera Nuttall var. flava Gray
chrysantha Gray var. chaplinei (Standley ex Payson) E.J. Lott = Aquilegia chaplinei Standley ex
Payson
caerulea James [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
Colorado blue columbine
desertorum (M.E. Jones) Cockerell ex A. Heller [M&H; Whittemore 1997]
desert columbine
Aquilegia formosa sensu W&S
Aquilegia formosa Fischer ex A.P. de Candolle. var. desertorum M.E.Jones
Aquilegia triternata Payson
elegantula Greene [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
red columbine
formosa sensu W&S = Aquilegia desertorum (M.E. Jones) Cockerell ex A. Heller
formosa Fischer ex A.P. de Candolle. var. desertorum M.E.Jones = Aquilegia desertorum (M.E.
Jones) Cockerell ex A. Heller
leptocera Nuttall var. flava Gray = Aquilegia chrysantha Gray
micrantha Eastwood : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
Aquilegia rubricunda Tidestrom
rubricunda Tidestrom = Aquilegia micrantha Eastwood
triternata Payson = Aquilegia desertorum (M.E. Jones) Cockerell ex A. Heller
Atragene columbiana Nuttall = Clematis columbiana (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray
pseudoalpina (Kuntze) Rydberg = Clematis columbiana (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray
Batrachium drouetii (F. Schultz) Nyman = Ranunculus aquatilis Linnaeus var. diffusus Withering
flaccidum (Persoon) Ruprecht = Ranunculus aquatilis Linnaeus var. diffusus Withering
trichophyllum (Chaix) Bosch = Ranunculus aquatilis Linnaeus var. diffusus Withering
Caltha marsh-marigold

412
 Smit, P.G. 1973. A revision of Caltha (Ranunculaceae). Blumea 21:119-150.
leptosepala A.P. de Candolle [M&H; Smit 1973; W&S]
white marsh-marigold
Caltha leptosepala A.P. de Candolle var. rotundifolia Huth
Caltha rotundifolia (Huth) Greene
leptosepala A.P. de Candolle var. rotundifolia Huth = Caltha leptosepala A.P. de Candolle
rotundifolia (Huth) Greene = Caltha leptosepala A.P. de Candolle
Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Besser = Ranunculus testiculatus Crantz
Clematis virgin’s-bower
Cockerell, T.D.A. 1899. An alien Clematis in New Mexico. Science (new series) 10:898-899. [Clematis orientalis]
Dennis, W.M. 1979. Clematis pitcheri T. & G. var. dictyota (Greene) Dennnis, comb. nov. (Ranunculaceae). Sida
8(2):194-195.
Pringle, J. 1997. Clematis, pp. 158-176. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
arizonica Heller = Clematis hirsutissima Pursh var. hirsutissima
bakeri Greene = Clematis hirsutissima Pursh var. hirsutissima
bigelovii Torrey [M&H; Pringle 1997; W&S]
Bigelow’s leatherflower
Clematis palmeri Rose
Viorna bigelovii (Torrey) Heller
Viorna palmeri (Rose) Wooton & Standley
columbiana (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray [M&H; Pringle 1997; W&S]
Columbian virgin’s-bower
Atragene columbiana Nuttall
Atragene pseudoalpina (Kuntze) Rydberg
Clematis pseudoalpina (Kuntze) A. Nelson
crux-flava Cockerell = Clematis orientalis Linnaeus
dictyota Greene = Clematis pitcheri Torrey & Gray var. dictyota (Greene) Dennis
drummondii Torrey & Gray [M&H; Pringle 1997; W&S]
Drummond’s virgin’s-bower
hirsutissima Pursh var. arizonica (Heller) Erickson = Clematis hirsutissima Pursh var. hirsutissima
hirsutissima Pursh var. hirsutissima [M&H; Pringle 1997; W&S]
sugarbowls
Clematis arizonica Heller
Clematis bakeri Greene
Clematis hirsutissima Pursh var. arizonica (Heller) Erickson
Viorna arizonica Heller
Viorna bakeri (Greene) Rydberg
Viorna eriophora Rydberg
Viorna hirsutissima (Pursh) Heller
hirsutissima Pursh var. scottii (Porter) Erickson [M&H; Pringle 1997; W&S]
Scott’s sugarbowls
Clematis scottii Porter
Viorna scottii (Porter) Rydberg
ligusticifolia Nuttall [M&H; Pringle 1997; W&S]
traveler’s-joy
Clematis neomexicana Wooton & Standley
neomexicana Wooton & Standley = Clematis ligusticifolia Nuttall
*orientalis Linnaeus [Cockerell 1899; Pringle 1997; M&H; W&S]
oriental virgin’s-bower
Clematis crux-flava Cockerell
palmeri Rose = Clematis bigelovii Torrey
pitcheri Torrey & Gray var. dictyota (Greene) Dennis [Pringle 1997]
bluebill
Clematis dictyota Greene
pitcheri Torrey & Gray var. filifera (Bentham) Robinson = Clematis pitcheri Torrey & Gray var.
pitcheri
pitcheri Torrey & Gray var. pitcheri [M&H; Pringle 1997; W&S]
bluebill

413
 Clematis pitcheri Torrey & Gray var. filifera (Bentham) Robinson
Viorna filifera (Bentham) Wooton & Standley
pseudoalpina (Kuntze) A. Nelson = Clematis columbiana (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray
scottii Porter = Clematis hirsutissima Pursh var. scottii (Porter) Erickson
Consolida larkspur
Keener, C.S. 1976. Studies in the Ranunculaceae of the southeastern United States. IV. Genera with zygomorphic
flowers. Castanea 41:12-20.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Consolida ajacis]
Warnock, M.J. 1997. Consolida, pp. 240-242. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
*ajacis (Linnaeus) Schur [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
garden larkspur
Delphinium ajacis Linnaeus
Cyrtorhyncha ranunculina Nuttall = Ranunculus ranunculina (Nuttall) Rydberg
Delphinium larkspur
Keener, C.S. 1976. Studies in the Ranunculaceae of the southeastern United States. IV. Genera with zygomorphic
flowers. Castanea 41:12-20.
Wagner, W.L. 1979. New records to the Animas Mountain flora, New Mexico. Southw. Naturalist 24(2):291-296.
[Delphinium andesicola]
Warnock, M.J. 1981. Biosystematics of the Delphinium carolinianum complex (Ranunculaceae). Syst. Bot. 6:38-54.
Warnock, M.J. 1995. A taxonomic conspectus of North American Delphinium. Phytologia 78:73-101.
Warnock, M.J. 1997. Delphinium, pp. 196-240. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
ajacis Linnaeus = Consolida ajacis (Linnaeus) Schur
alpestre Rydberg [M&H; W&S; Warnock 1997]
Colorado larkspur
amplibracteatum Wooton = Delphinium geraniifolium Rydberg
andesicola Ewan : Reported by M&H and Wagner (1979), but the specimens have been determined
as Delphinium geraniifolium Rydberg [Sivinski, pers. comm. 1999].
barbeyi (Huth) Huth [M&H; W&S; Warnock 1997]
subalpine larkspur
Delphinium cockerellii A. Nelson
Delphinium exaltatum Aiton var. barbeyi Huth
Delphinium occidentale (S. Watson) S. Watson subsp. quercicola Ewan
Delphinium scopulorum Gray var. subalpinum Gray
camporum Greene [=Delphinium carolinianum Walter subsp. virescens (Nuttall) R.E. Brooks] :
NM plants of Delphinium wootonii Rydberg have been confused with and named
Delphinium camporum, but the latter taxon is not yet known from NM [Warnock
1981].
cockerellii A. Nelson = Delphinium barbeyi (Huth) Huth
×confertiflorum Wooton [M&H; W&S] Note: This taxon is not treated by Warnock (1995, 1997); it is
apparently of hybrid origin of Delphinium scaposum × Delphinium wootonii.
hybrid larkspur
exaltatum Aiton var. barbeyi Huth = Delphinium barbeyi (Huth) Huth
geraniifolium Rydberg [M&H; W&S; Warnock 1997]
Clark Valley larkspur
Delphinium amplibracteatum Wooton
Delphinium tenuisectum Greene subsp. amplibracteatum (Wooton) Ewan
macrophyllum Wooton = Delphinium scopulorum Gray
nelsonii Greene = Delphinium nuttallianum Pritzel ex Walpers var. nuttallianum
+novomexicanum Wooton [M&H; W&S; Warnock 1997]
New Mexico larkspur
Delphinium sierrae-blancae Wooton
nuttallianum Pritzel ex Walpers var. nuttallianum [M&H; W&S; Warnock 1997]
Nuttall’s larkspur
Delphinium nelsonii Greene
occidentale (S. Watson) S. Watson subsp. quercicola Ewan = Delphinium barbeyi (Huth) Huth
ramosum Rydberg [Warnock 1997]
mountain larkspur
robustum Rydberg [M&H; W&S; Warnock 1997]

414
 hardy larkspur
+sapellonis Cockerell [M&H; W&S; Warnock 1997]
Sapello Canyon larkspur
scaposum Greene [M&H; W&S; Warnock 1997]
bare-stem larkspur
scopulorum Gray [M&H; W&S; Warnock 1997]
Rocky Mountain larkspur
Delphinium macrophyllum Wooton
scopulorum Gray var. subalpinum Gray = Delphinium barbeyi (Huth) Huth
sierrae-blancae Wooton = Delphinium novomexicanum Wooton
tenuisectum Greene subsp. amplibracteatum (Wooton) Ewan = Delphinium geraniifolium Rydberg
virescens Nuttall subsp. wootonii (Rydberg) Ewan = Delphinium wootonii Rydberg
wootonii Rydberg [M&H; W&S; Warnock 1997]
Wooton’s larkspur
Delphinium virescens Nuttall subsp. wootonii (Rydberg) Ewan
Halerpestes cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene = Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh
Hydrastis caroliniensis Walter = Trautvetteria caroliniensis (Walter) Vail
Myosurus mouse-tail
Whittemore, A.T. 1994. New names in North American Myosurus (Ranunculaceae). Novon 4:77-79.
Whittemore, A.T. 1997. Myosurus, pp. 135-138. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
apetalus Gay var. montanus (G.R. Campbell) Whittemore [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
bristly mouse-tail
Myosurus aristatus Bentham subsp. montanus (G.R. Campbell) Stone
Myosurus minimus Linnaeus subsp. montanus G.R. Campbell
aristatus Bentham subsp. montanus (G.R. Campbell) Stone = Myosurus apetalus Gay var. montanus
(G.R. Campbell) Whittemore
cupulatus S. Watson [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
Arizona mouse-tail
egglestonii Wooton & Standley = Myosurus nitidus Eastwood
minimus Linnaeus [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
tiny mouse-tail
minimus Linnaeus subsp. montanus G.R. Campbell = Myosurus apetalus Gay var. montanus (G.R.
Campbell) Whittemore
nitidus Eastwood [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
western mouse-tail
Myosurus egglestonii Wooton & Standley
Pulsatilla pasqueflower
Dutton, B.E., C.S. Keener, & B.A. Ford. 1997. Anemone, pp. 139-158. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford
University Press.
hirsutissima (Pursh) Britton = Pulsatilla patens (Linnaeus) P. Miller subsp. multifida (Pritzel)
Zamelis
ludoviciana (Nuttall) Heller = Pulsatilla patens (Linnaeus) P. Miller subsp. multifida (Pritzel)
Zamelis
patens (Linnaeus) P. Miller subsp. multifida (Pritzel) Zamelis [Dutton & Keener 1997; M&H;
W&S]
American pasqueflower
Anemone patens Linnaeus var. multifida Pritzel
Anemone patens Linnaeus var. wolfgangiana (Besser) Koch
Pulsatilla hirsutissima (Pursh) Britton
Pulsatilla ludoviciana (Nuttall) Heller
Ranunculus buttercup
Allred, K.W. 2007. Ranunculus acris not known from New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 41:8.
Allred, K.W. 2009. Plant distribution reports [Cylindropuntia bigelovii, Ranunculus acris]. The New Mexico Botanist
48:7.
Duncan, T. 1980. A taxonomic study of the Ranunculus hispidus Michaux complex in the Western Hemisphere. Univ.
California Publ. Bot. 77:1-125. [Ranunculus petiolaris arsenei]
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Ranunculus alismifolius, Ranunculus repens]

415
Marley, G.A. and W.L. Wagner. 1981. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 28:41-43. [Ranunculus
testiculatus]
Whittemore, A.T. 1997. Ranunculus, pp. 88-135. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
abortivus Linnaeus [Spellenberg et al. 1986; Whittemore 1997]
kidney-leaf buttercup
*acris Linnaeus var. acris [Allred 2009]
showy buttercup
alismifolius Geyer ex Bentham var. montanus S. Watson [Hartman et al. 2006]
water-plantain buttercup
aquatilis Linnaeus var. capillaceus (Thuiller) A.P. de Candolle = Ranunculus aquatilis Linnaeus var.
diffusus Withering
aquatilis Linnaeus var. diffusus Withering [M&H; Whittemore 1997]
thread-leaf buttercup, water-crowfoot
Batrachium drouetii (F. Schultz) Nyman
Batrachium flaccidum (Persoon) Ruprecht
Batrachium longirostre (Godron) F. Schultz
Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix) Bosch
Ranunculus aquatilis Linnaeus var. capillaceus (Thuiller) A.P. de Candolle
Ranunculus circinatus Sibthorp var. subrigidus (W. Drew) L. Benson
Ranunculus longirostris Godron
Ranunculus subrigidus Drew
Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix
arizonicus Lemmon ex A. Gray [M&H; Whittemore 1997]
Arizona buttercup
cardiophyllus Hooker [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
heart-leaf buttercup
Ranunculus nudatus Greene
Ranunculus subsagittatus (Gray) Greene
Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hooker var. subsagittatus (Gray) L. Benson
cardiophyllus Hooker var. subsagittatus (Gray) L. Benson = Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hooker
circinatus Sibthorp var. subrigidus (W. Drew) L. Benson = Ranunculus aquatilis Linnaeus var.
diffusus Withering
cymbalaria Pursh [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
alkali buttercup
Halerpestes cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene
Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh var. saximontanus Fernald
cymbalaria Pursh var. saximontanus Fernald = Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh
earlei Greene = Ranunculus uncinatus D. Don ex G. Don var. earlei (Greene) L. Benson
ellipticus Greene = Ranunculus glaberrimus Hooker var. ellipticus Greene
eremogenes Greene = Ranunculus sceleratus Linnaeus var. multifidus Nuttall
eschscholtzii Schlectendal var. eschscholtzii [M&H; Whittemore 1997]
spruce-fir buttercup
fasciculatus Sessé & Moçiño [Duncan 1980]
Arsene’s buttercup
Ranunculus macranthus Scheele var. arsenei L. Benson
Ranunculus petiolaris Kunth ex A.P de Candolle var. arsenei (L. Benson) T. Duncan
filiformis Michaux var. ovalis Bigelow = Ranunculus flammula Linnaeus var. ovalis (Bigelow) L.
Benson
flammula Linnaeus var. ovalis (Bigelow) L. Benson [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
creeping buttercup
Ranunculus filiformis Michaux var. ovalis Bigelow
Ranunculus reptans sensu W&S
Ranunculus reptans Linnaeus var. ovalis (Bigelow) Torrey & Gray
glaberrimus Hooker var. ellipticus (Greene) Greene [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
sagebrush buttercup
Ranunculus ellipticus Greene
Ranunculus oreogenes Greene
gmelinii A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]

416
 yellow buttercup
Ranunculus gmelinii A.P. de Candolle var. hookeri (D. Don) L. Benson
Ranunculus purshii Richardson
gmelinii A.P. de Candolle var. hookeri (D. Don) L. Benson = Ranunculus gmelinii A.P. de Candolle
hydrocharoides Gray [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
frog-bit buttercup
inamoenus Greene var. inamoenus [M&H; Whittemore 1997]
ugly buttercup
Ranunculus micropetalus (Greene) Rydberg
longirostris Godron = Ranunculus aquatilis Linnaeus var. diffusus Withering
macauleyi Gray [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
Rocky Mountain buttercup
Ranunculus macauleyi Gray var. brandegei L. Benson
macauleyi Gray var. brandegei L. Benson = Ranunculus macauleyi Gray
macounii Britton [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
Macoun’s buttercup
macranthus Scheele : Reported as expected by M&H map (probably referring to var. arsenei, which
belongs to Ranunculus fasciculatus Sessé & Moçiño rather than to Ranunculus
macranthus).
macranthus Scheele var. arsenei L. Benson = Ranunculus fasciculatus Sessé & Moçiño
micropetalus (Greene) Rydberg = Ranunculus inamoenus Greene
nudatus Greene = Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hooker
oreogenes Greene = Ranunculus glaberrimus Hooker var. ellipticus Greene
pedatifida J.E. Smith : Reported for NM by Coulter & Nelson (1909), but not included by
Whittemore (1997); awaits verification.
pensylvanicus Linnaeus f. [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
Pennsylvania buttercup
petiolaris Kunth ex A.P. de Candolle var. arsenei (L. Benson) T. Duncan = Ranunculus fasciculatus
Sessé & Moçiño
purshii Richardson = Ranunculus gmelinii A.P. de Candolle
ranunculinus (Nuttall) Rydberg [M&H; Whittemore 1997]
tadpole buttercup
Cyrtorhyncha ranunculina Nuttall
*repens Linaeus [Hartman et al. 2006]
creeping buttercup
repens S. Watson var. marilandicus (Poiret) Torrey & Gray [=Ranunculus hispidus Michaux var.
hispidus] : Reported by Gray (1853) from the Mimbres River; not treated by later
NM authors or by Whittemore (1997); awaits verification.
reptans sensu W&S = Ranunculus flammula Linnaeus var. ovalis (Bigelow) L. Benson
reptans Linnaeus var. ovalis (Bigelow) Torrey & Gray = Ranunculus flammula Linnaeus var. ovalis
(Bigelow) L. Benson
sceleratus Linnaeus var. multifidus Nuttall [M&H; W&S; Whittemore 1997]
cursed buttercup
Ranunculus eremogenes Greene
subrigidus Drew = Ranunculus aquatilis Linnaeus var. diffusus Withering
subsagittatus (Gray) Greene = Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hooker
*testiculatus Crantz [Marley & Wagner 1981; Whittemore 1997]
bur buttercup
Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Besser
trichophyllus Chaix = Ranunculus aquatilis Linnaeus var. diffusus Withering
uncinatus D. Don ex G. Don var. earlei (Greene) L. Benson [M&H; Whittemore 1997]
woodland buttercup
Ranunculus earlei Greene
Thalictrum meadow-rue
Park, M.M. & D.Festerling, Jr. 1997. Thalictrum, pp. 258-271. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University
Press.
alpinum Linnaeus [M&H; Park & Festerling 1997; W&S]

417
 alpine meadow-rue
Thalictrum alpinum Linnaeus var. hebetum Boivin
Thalictrum cheilanthoides Greene
alpinum Linnaeus var. hebetum Boivin = Thalictrum alpinum Linnaeus
cheilanthoides Greene = Thalictrum alpinum Linnaeus
dasycarpum Fischer & Avé-Lallemant [M&H; Park & Festerling 1997; W&S]
purple meadow-rue
fendleri Engelmann ex Gray [M&H; Park & Festerling 1997; W&S]
Fendler’s meadow-rue
Thalictrum fendleri Engelmann var. wrightii (Gray) Trelease
Thalictrum wrightii Gray
fendleri Engelmann var. wrightii (Gray) Trelease = Thalictrum fendleri Engelmann
occidentale Gray : Reported by W&S, based on a staminate plant with large entire leaflets [Herrick
s.n. (NMC)]; not verified as Thalictrum occidentale by M. Park, who examined the
plant and left it undetermined as to species.
revolutum A.P. de Candolle [Whittemore 1997]
waxy meadow-rue
venulosum Trelease [Park & Festerling 1997]
veiny-leaf meadow-rue
wrightii Gray = Thalictrum fendleri Engelmann
Trautvetteria tassel-rue
Parfitt, B.D. 1997. Trautvetteria, pp. 138-139. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
caroliniensis (Walter) Vail [M&H; Parfitt 1997; W&S]
Carolina tassel-rue
Hydrastis caroliniensis Walter
Trautvetteria grandis Nuttall
grandis Nuttall = Trautvetteria caroliniensis (Walter) Vail
Viorna arizonica Heller = Clematis hirsutissima Pursh var. hirsutissima
bakeri (Greene) Rydberg = Clematis hirsutissima Pursh var. hirsutissima
bigelovii (Torrey) Heller = Clematis bigelovii Torrey
eriophora Rydberg = Clematis hirsutissima Pursh var. hirsutissima
filifera (Bentham) Wooton & Standley = Clematis pitcheri Torrey & Gray var. filifera (Bentham)
Robinson
hirsutissima (Pursh) Heller = Clematis hirsutissima Pursh var. hirsutissima
palmeri (Rose) Wooton & Standley = Clematis bigelovii Torrey
scottii (Porter) Rydberg = Clematis hirsutissima Pursh var. scottii (Porter) Erickson

Family RESEDACEAE
Martín-Bravo, S., G.C. Tucker, & T.F. Daniel. 2010. Resedaceae, p. 189-193. IN: IN: Flora of North America, vol. 7.
Oxford University Press.
Dipetalia subulata sensu W&S = Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl) Macbride
Oligomeris white-puff
Campbell, R.S. & E.L. Little, Jr. 1935. Notes on the flora of the Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico.
Mimeograph copy at NMCR. [Oligomeris linifolia]
Martín-Bravo, S, P. Vargas, & M. Luceño. 2009. Is Oligomeris (Resedaceae) indigenous to North America?
Molecular evidence for a natural colonization from the Old World. Amer. J. Bot. 96:507-518.
linifolia (Vahl) Macbride [M&H; Martín-Bravo et al. 2010; W&S]
white-puff
Dipetalia subulata sensu W&S
Reseda linifolia Vahl
Reseda linifolia Vahl = Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl) Macbride

Family RHAMNACEAE
Brizicky, G.K. 1964. The genera of Rhamnaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 45:439-463.
Johnston, M.C. & L.A. Johnston. 1969. Rhamnaceae, IN Flora of Texas 2(pt II):357-388.
Adolphia junco
Hess, W.J. 2002. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 21:2. [Adolphia infesta]
Turner, R. 2006. Plant distribution reports (Adolphia infesta). The New Mexico Botanist 36:7.
infesta (Kunth) Meisner [Hess 2001, Turner 2006]

418
 Texas junco
Ceanothus infestus Kunth
Ceanothus buckbrush
Schmidt, C. 1999. Full text key to N. American species of Ceanothus. Available online at
http://www.orst.edu/dept/botany/herbarium/projects/ceanothus/keys/wholekey.html
fendleri Gray [M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s buckbrush
greggii Gray var. greggii [M&H; W&S]
desert buckbrush
greggii Gray var. perplexans (Trelease) Jepson : Reported as expected by M&H; this seems unlikely
in view of its distribution to the west, as reported by Schmidt (1999).
Ceanothus perplexans Trelease
herbaceus Rafinesque [Brizicky 1964; Schmidt 1999]
prairie redroot
Ceanothus ovatus Desfontaines
infestus Kunth = Adolphia infesta (Kunth) Meisner
integerrimus Hooker & Arnott [M&H; W&S]
deerbrush
Ceanothus mogollonicus Greene
mogollonicus Greene = Ceanothus integerrimus Hooker & Arnott [M&H]
ovatus Desvaux = Ceanothus herbaceus Rafinesque
perplexans Trelease = Ceanothus greggii Gray var. perplexans (Trelease) Jepson
Condalia bluewood
Benson, L. & R.A. Darrow. 1981. Trees and Shrubs of the Southwestern Deserts. 3rd ed. Univ. Arizona Press. 416 p.
Johnston, M.C. 1962. Revision of Condalia including Microrhamnus (Rhamnaceae). Brittonia 14:332-368.
correllii M.C. Johnston [Benson & Darrow 1981; Johnston 1962; M&H]
Correll’s snakewood
Condalia mexicana sensu M&H
ericoides (Gray) M.C. Johnston [Johnston 1962; M&H]
javelina-bush
Microrhamnus ericoides Gray
lycioides (Gray) Weberbauer = Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hooker ex Torrey & Gray) Gray var.
obtusifolia
lycioides (Gray) Weberbauer var. canescens (Gray) Trelease = Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hooker ex
Torrey & Gray) Gray var. canescens (Gray) M.C. Johnston
mexicana sensu M&H = Condalia correllii M.C. Johnston
spathulata of NM reports = Condalia warnockii M.C. Johnston
warnockii M.C. Johnston var. warnockii [Johnston 1962; M&H]
crucillo
Condalia spathulata of NM authors
Frangula betulifolia (Greene) V. Grub ssp. obovata (Kearney & Peebles) Kartesz & Gandhi = Rhamnus
betulifolia Greene
californica (Eschscholtz) A. Gray ssp. ursina (Greene) Kartesz & Gandhi = Rhamnus tomentella
Bentham subsp. ursina (Greene) J.O. Sawyer
Microrhamnus ericoides Gray = Condalia ericoides (Gray) M.C. Johnston
Rhamnus buckthorn
Bolmgren, K. & B. Oxelman. 2004. Generic limits in Rhamnus L. s.l. (Rhamnaceae) inferred from nuclear and
chlorplast DNA sequences phylogenies. Taxon 53(2):383-390.
Johnston, L.A. 1975. Revision of the Rhamnus serrata complex. Sida 6:67-79.
Sawyer, J.O. Jr. 1993. New combinations in Rhamnus (Rhamnaceae). Madroño 40:65.
betulifolia Greene [M&H; W&S]
birch-leaf buckthorn
Frangula betulifolia (Greene) V. Grub ssp. obovata (Kearney & Peebles) Kartesz &
Gandhi
californica Eschscholtz subsp. ursina (Greene) C.B. Wolf = Rhamnus tomentella Bentham subsp.
ursina (Greene) J.O. Sawyer
fasciculata Greene = Rhamnus serrata Schultes var. serrata
obtusifolia Hooker ex Torrey & Gray = Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hooker ex Torrey & Gray) Gray var.
obtusifolia

419
 serrata Humboldt & Bonpland ex Schultes var. serrata [Johnston 1975; M&H; W&S]
sawtooth buckthorn
Rhamnus fasciculata Greene
Rhamnus smithii Greene subsp. fasciculata (Greene) C.B. Wolf
smithii Greene subsp. fasciculata (Greene) C.B. Wolf = Rhamnus serrata Schultes var. serrata
smithii Greene [Johnston 1975; M&H; W&S]
Smith’s buckthorn
tomentella Bentham subsp. ursina (Greene) J.O. Sawyer [M&H; W&S]
California buckthorn
Frangula californica (Eschscholtz) Gray subsp. ursina (Greene) Kartesz & Gandhi
Rhamnus californica Eschscholtz subsp. ursina (Greene) C.B. Wolf
Rhamnus ursina Greene
ursina Greene = Rhamnus tomentella Bentham subsp. ursina (Greene) J.O. Sawyer
Sageretia sageretia
wrightii S. Watson [M&H]
Wright’s sageretia
Ziziphus lotebush
Johnston, M.C. 1963. The species of Ziziphus indigenous to United States and Mexico. Amer. J. Bot. 50:1020-1027.
obtusifolia (Hooker ex Torrey & Gray) Gray var. canescens (Gray) M.C. Johnston
[Johnston 1963; M&H]
lotebush
Condalia lycioides (Gray) Weberbauer var. canescens (Gray) Trelease
Zizyphus lycioides Gray var. canescens Gray
obtusifolia (Hooker ex Torrey & Gray) Gray var. obtusifolia [Johnston 1963; M&H; W&S]
lotebush
Condalia lycioides (Gray) Weberbauer
Rhamnus obtusifolia Hooker ex Torrey & Gray
Zizyphus lycioides Gray
lycioides Gray var. canescens Gray = Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hooker ex Torrey & Gray) Gray var.
canescens (Gray) M.C. Johnston
lycioides Gray = Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hooker ex Torrey & Gray) Gray var. obtusifolia

Family ROSACEAE
[Amygdalaceae, Malaceae]
Agrimonia burhead
Kline, G.J. & P.D. Sorensen. 2008. A revision of Agrimonia (Rosaceae) in North and Central America. Brittonia
60(1):11-33.
brittonia Bicknell = Agrimonia striata Michaux
brittonia Bicknell var. occidentalis Bicknell = Agrimonia striata Michaux
gryposepala Wallroth [M&H]
hairy burhead
*parviflora Aiton [Kline & Sorensen 2008]
harvest-lice
striata Michaux [M&H; W&S]
woodland burhead
Agrimonia brittonia Bicknell
Agrimonia brittonia Bicknell var. occidentalis Bicknell
Alchemilla lady’s-mantle
Mackay, H.A. 1972. Alchemilla minor Huds. (Rosaceae) in New Mexico. Southwest. Nat. 17(2): 197. [Alchemilla
vulgaris]
filicaulis Buser subsp. vestita (Buser) M.E. Bradshaw = Alchemilla vulgaris Linnaeus
minor Hudson = Alchemilla vulgaris Linnaeus
monticola Opiz = Alchemilla vulgaris Linnaeus
*vulgaris Linnaeus [Mackay 1972] Note: This species occurs in none of the states surrounding NM, but is
found in Quebec and Greenland; the single find perhaps represents a one-time introduction.
Lady’s-mantle
Alchemilla filicaulis Buser subsp. vestita (Buser) M.E. Bradshaw
Alchemilla minor Hudson

420
 Alchemilla monticola Opiz
Amelanchier serviceberry
Jones, G.N. 1946. American species of Amelanchier. Univ. Illinois Biol. Monogr. 20:1-100.
Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, S.Goodrich, & L.C. Higgins (eds.). 1993. A Utah Flora. 2nd ed. Provo, Utah: Brigham
Young Univ. Press.
alnifolia Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
western serviceberry
Amelanchier polycarpa Greene
Amelanchier pumila Roemer
australis Standley = Amelanchier utahensis Koehne
bakeri Greene = Amelanchier utahensis Koehne
crenata Greene = Amelanchier utahensis Koehne
goldmanii Wooton & Standley = Amelanchier utahensis Koehne
mormonica C.K. Schneider = Amelanchier utahensis Koehne
oreophila A. Nelson = Amelanchier utahensis Koehne
polycarpa Greene = Amelanchier alnifolia (Nuttall) Nuttall
pumila (Torrey & Gray) Nuttall ex Roemer = Amelanchier alnifolia (Nuttall) Nuttall
rubescense Greene = Amelanchier utahensis Koehne
utahensis Koehne [M&H; W&S]
Utah serviceberry
Amelanchier australis Standley
Amelanchier bakeri Greene
Amelanchier crenata Greene
Amelanchier goldmanii Wooton & Standley
Amelanchier mormonica C.K. Schneider
Amelanchier oreophila A. Nelson
Amelanchier rubescense Greene
Amygdalus persica Linnaeus = Prunus persica (Linnaeus) Batsch
Argentina anserina (Linnaeus) Rydberg = Potentilla anserina Linnaeus
argentea Rydberg = Potentilla anserina Linnaeus
Bossekia deliciosa (Torrey) A. Nelson = Rubus deliciosus Torrey var. deliciosus
parviflora (Nuttall) Greene = Rubus parviflorus Nuttall
Cerasus crenulata Greene = Prunus emarginata (Douglas ex Hooker) D. Dietrich
demissa Nuttall = Prunus virginiana Linnaeus var. demissa (Nuttall) Torrey
emarginata Douglas ex Hooker = Prunus emarginata (Douglas ex Hooker) D. Dietrich
Cercocarpus mountain mahogany
Denham, R.A. 1996. Key to the taxa of Cercocarpus (mountain mahogany) in New Mexico. The New Mexico
Botanist 4:3-5.
Lis, R.A. 1992. Leaf architectural survey of Cercocarpus (Rosaceae) and its systematic significance. Int. J. Plant Sci.
153(2):258-272.
Marley, G.A. and W.L. Wagner. 1981. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 28:41-43. [Cercocarpus
intricatus]
argenteus Rydberg = Cercocarpus montanus Rafinesque var. argenteus (Rydberg) F. L. Martin
breviflorus Gray var. breviflorus [Denham 1996; M&H; W&S]
desert mountain mahogany
Cercocarpus montanus Rafinesque var. paucidentatus (S. Watson) F. L. Martin
Cercocarpus paucidentatus (S. Watson) Britton
breviflorus Gray var. eximius sensu Kearny & Peebles [Denham 1996.] Note: According to
Denham (1996), there are problems with the application of this epithet (eximius), but this name
will serve to identify the taxon until the nomenclature is resolved.
desert mountain mahogany
intricatus S. Watson [Denham 1996; Marley & Wagner 1981]
little-leaf mountain mahogany
montanus Rafinesque var. argenteus (Rydberg) F. L. Martin [Denham 1996; M&H; W&S]
common mountain mahogany
Cercocarpus argenteus Rydberg
montanus Rafinesque var. montanus [Denham 1996; M&H; W&S]
common mountain mahogany
montanus Rafinesque var. paucidentatus (S. Watson) F. L. Martin = Cercocarpus breviflorus Gray
var. breviflorus

421
 paucidentatus (S. Watson) Britton = Cercocarpus breviflorus Gray var. breviflorus
Coleogyne ramosissima Torrey : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
Cowania mexicana D. Don var. stansburiana (Torrey) Jepson = Purshia stansburiana (Torrey) Henrickson
stansburiana Torrey = Purshia stansburiana (Torrey) Henrickson
Crataegus hawthorn
Phipps, J.B. 1998. Introduction to the red-fruited hawthorns (Crataegus, Rosaceae) of western North America. Can. J.
Bot. 76:1863-1899.
Phipps, J.B. 1999. The relationships of the American black-fruited hawthorns Crataegus erythropoda, C. rivularis, C.
saligna and C. brachyacantha to C. ser. Douglasianae (Rosaceae). Sida 18(3):647-660.
cerronis A. Nelson = Crataegus erythropoda Ashe
erythropoda Ashe [M&H; Phipps 1998; W&S]
Cerro hawthorn
Crataegus cerronis A. Nelson
macracantha Loddiges ex Loud var. occidentalis (Britton) Eggleston [Phipps 1998]
fleshy hawthorn
Crataegus occidentalis Britton
occidentalis Britton = Crataegus macracantha Loddiges ex Loud var. occidentalis (Britton)
Eggleston
rivularis Nuttall [M&H; Phipps 1999; W&S]
river hawthorn
+wootoniana Eggleston [M&H; Phipps 1998; W&S]
Wooton hawthorn
Dasiphora shrubby cinquefoil
Ertter, B. 2007. Generic realignments in Tribe Potentilleae and revision of Drymocallis (Rosoideae: Rosaceae) in
North America. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1):31-46.
fruticosa (Linnaeus) Rydberg
shrubby cinquefoil
Pentaphylloides fruticosa (Linnaeus) O. Schwarz
Potentilla fruticosa Linnaeus
Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) Rydberg = Potentilla arguta Pursh
convallaria Rydberg = Potentilla arguta Pursh subsp. convallaria (Rydberg) Keck
fissa (Nuttall) Rydberg = Potentilla fissa Nuttall
glandulosa (Lindley) Rydberg = Potentilla glandulosa Lindley
Fallugia Apache-plume
paradoxa (D. Don) Endlicher ex Torrey [M&H; W&S]
Apache-plume
Fallugis paradoxa (D. Don) Endlicher ex Torrey var. acuminata Wooton
Fallugis micrantha Cockerell
Sieversia paradoxa D. Don
paradoxa (D. Don) Endlicher var. acuminata Wooton = Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endlicher ex
Torrey
micrantha Cockerell = Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endlicher ex Torrey
Fragaria strawberry
Staudt, G. 1962. Taxonomic studies in the genus Fragaria: Typification of Fragaria species known at the time of
Linnaeus. Can. J. Bot. 40:869-886.
Staudt, G. 1999. Systematics and geographic distribution of the American strawberry species. University of California
Press, Berkeley.
americana of NM authors = Fragaria vesca Linnaeus
bracteata Heller = Fragaria vesca Linnaeus subsp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt
californica Chamisso & Schlechtendal = Fragaria vesca Linnaeus
firma Rydberg = Fragaria virginiana Duchesne subsp. glauca (S. Watson) Staudt
glauca (S. Watson) Rydberg = Fragaria virginiana Duchesne subsp. glauca (S. Watson) Staudt
mexicana sensu W&S = Fragaria virginiana Duchesne subsp. glauca (S. Watson) Staudt
ovalis (Lehmann) Rydberg = Fragaria virginiana Duchesne subsp. glauca (S. Watson) Staudt
vesca Linnaeus subsp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt [M&H; W&S]
woodland strawberry
Fragaria americana of NM authors, not (Porter) Britton
Fragaria bracteata Heller
Fragaria californica Chamisso & Schlechtendal

422
 Fragaria vesca Linnaeus subsp. californica (Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Staudt
vesca Linnaeus subsp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt = Fragaria vesca Linnaeus subsp. bracteata (Heller)
Staudt
vesca Linnaeus subsp. californica (Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Staudt = Fragaria vesca Linnaeus
subsp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt
virginiana Duchesne subsp. glauca (S. Watson) Staudt [M&H; W&S]
pale strawberry
Fragaria firma Rydberg
Fragaria glauca (S. Watson) Rydberg
Fragaria mexicana sensu W&S
Fragaria ovalis (Lehmann) Rydberg
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne var. glauca S. Watson
Potentilla ovalis Lehmann
virginiana Duchesne subsp. glauca (S. Watson) Staudt = Fragaria virginiana Duchesne subsp. glauca
(S. Watson) Staudt
virginiana Duchesne subsp. glauca (S. Watson) Staudt = Fragaria virginiana Duchesne subsp. glauca
(S. Watson) Staudt
Geum avens
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Geum triflorum triflorum]
Taylor, K. 1997. Geum rivale L.. J. Ecology 85(5): 721-731.
aleppicum Jacquin [M&H; W&S]
yellow avens
Geum aleppicum Jacquin var. decurrens (Rydberg) Kearney & Peebles
Geum decurrens Rydberg
Geum strictum Aiton (nom. illegit.)
Geum strictum Aiton var. decurrens (Rydberg) Kearney & Peebles (nom. illegit.)
aleppicum Jacquin var. decurrens (Rydberg) Kearney & Peebles = Geum aleppicum Jacquin
ciliatum Pursh = Geum triflorum Pursh var. ciliatum (Pursh) Fassett
decurrens Rydberg = Geum aleppicum Jacquin
macrophyllum Willdenow var. perincisum (Rydberg) Raup [M&H; W&S]
big-leaf avens
Geum oregonens (Scheutz) Rydberg
Geum perincisum Rydberg
oregonens (Scheutz) Rydberg = Geum macrophyllum Willdenow var. perincisum (Rydberg) Raup
perincisum Rydberg = Geum macrophyllum Willdenow var. perincisum (Rydberg) Raup
rivale Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
purple avens
rossii (R. Brown) Seringe var. turbinatum (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock [M&H; W&S]
Ross’s avens
Geum turbinatum Rydberg
Sieversia turbinata (Rydberg) Greene
strictum Aiton var. decurrens (Rydberg) Kearney & Peebles (nom. illegit.) = Geum aleppicum
Jacquin
strictum Aiton (nom. illegit.) = Geum aleppicum Jacquin
triflorum Pursh var. ciliatum (Pursh) Fassett [M&H; W&S]
old-man’s-whiskers
Geum ciliatum Pursh
Sieversia ciliata (Pursh) G. Don
Sieversia grisea (Greene) Rydberg
triflorum Pursh var. triflorum [Hartman et al. 2006]
old-man’s-whiskers
turbinatum Rydberg = Geum rossii (R. Brown) Seringe var. turbinatum (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock
Holodiscus mountain-spray
Ley, A. 1943. A taxonomic revision of the genus Holodiscus (Rosaceae). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 70:275-288.
australis Heller = Holodiscus dumosus (Nuttall ex Hooker) Heller
dumosus (Nuttall ex Hooker) Heller [M&H; W&S]
mountain-spray

423
 Holodiscus australis Heller
Holodiscus dumosus (Nuttall) Heller var. australis (Heller) Ley
Sericotheca dumosa (Nuttall) Rydberg
Spiraea dumosa Nuttall ex Hooker
dumosus (Nuttall) Heller var. australis (Heller) Ley = Holodiscus dumosus (Nuttall ex Hooker)
Heller
Malus apple
Sibley, D.A. 2009. The Sibley Guide to Trees. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 426 pp.
communis Poiret = Malus pumila P. Miller
domestica (Borkhausen) Borkhausen = Malus pumila P. Miller
*ioensis (A. Wood) Britton : Reported for NM by Sibley (2009); requires verification.
*pumila P. Miller [M&H]
apple
Malus communis Poiret
Malus domestica (Borkhausen) Borkhausen
Malus sylvestris N. Amer. auctores non P. Miller
sylvestris N. Amer. auctores non P. Miller = Malus pumila P. Miller
Pyrus malus Linnaeus
Opulaster monogynus (Torrey) Kuntze = Physocarpus monogynus (Torrey) Coulter
Oreobatus deliciosus (Torrey) Rydberg = Rubus deliciosus Torrey subsp. deliciosus
rubicundus Wooton & Standley = Rubus deliciosus Torrey subsp. neomexicanus (Gray) W.A.
Weber
neomexicanus (Gray) Rydberg = Rubus deliciosus Torrey subsp. neomexicanus (Gray) W.A. Weber
Padus calophylla Wooton & Standley = Prunus virginiana Linnaeus var. melanocarpa (A. Nelson) Sargent
melanocarpa (A. Nelson) Shafer = Prunus virginiana Linnaeus var. melanocarpa (A. Nelson)
Sargent
mescaleria Wooton & Standley = Prunus virginiana Linnaeus var. melanocarpa (A. Nelson) Sargent
pumicea Wooton & Standley = Prunus virginiana Linnaeus var. melanocarpa (A. Nelson) Sargent
rufula Wooton & Standley = Prunus serotina Ehrhart var. rufula (Wooton & Standley) McVaugh
valida Wooton & Standley = Prunus virginiana Linnaeus var. demissa (Nuttall) Torrey
virens Wooton & Standley = Prunus serotina Ehrhart virens (Wooton & Standley) McVaugh
Pentaphylloides fruticosa (Linnaeus) O. Schwarz = Dasiphora fruticosa (Linnaeus) Rydberg
Peraphyllum Indian-apple
ramosissimum Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
Indian-apple
Petrophyton rockmat
caespitosum (Nuttall) Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain rockmat
Spiraea caespitosa Nuttall
Spiraea caespitosa Nuttall var. elatius (Nuttall) Tidestrom
Physocarpus ninebark
monogynus (Torrey) Coulter [M&H; W&S]
mountain ninebark
Opulaster monogynus (Torrey) Kuntze
Spiraea monogyna Torrey
Potentilla cinquefoil
Ertter, B. 2007. Generic realignments in Tribe Potentilleae and revision of Drymocallis (Rosoideae: Rosaceae) in
North America. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1):31-46.
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Potentilla fissa]
Hitchcock, C.L., A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey, & J.W. Thompson. 1955-1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest.
5 vols. Univ. Washington Press, Seattle. [Potentilla ovina?]
Holmgren, N. 1997. Rosaceae, pp. 64-158. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 3A. New York Botanical Garden.
Kohli, B. & J.G. Packer. 1976. A contribution to the taxonomy of the Potentilla pensylvanica complex in North
America. Can. J. Bot. 54:706-719. [Potentilla bipinnatifida]
McGrath, J. 2009. Plant distribution reports (Potentilla recta). The New Mexico Botanist 47:7.
McKay, H.A. 1970. A comparative floristic study of the Rio Hondo Canyon-Lake Fork-Wheeler Peak locale, New
Mexico, and the Huerfano River-Blanca Peak locale, Colorado. Ph.D. thesis, University of New Mexico. 226
pp. [Potentilla uniflora]
Peterson, R.S. 2000. On our alpine Potentillas. The New Mexico Botanist 16:5.

424
Rydberg, P.A. 1908. Potentilla [under Potentilla, Argentina, Comarum, Dasiphora, & Drymocallis]. N. Amer. Fl.
22(4):293-355, 366-376.
Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, S.Goodrich, & L.C. Higgins (eds.). 1993. A Utah Flora. 2nd ed. Provo, Utah: Brigham
Young Univ. Press. [Potentilla gracilis vars. elmeri & glabrata]
ambigens Greene [M&H; W&S]
silky-leaf cinquefoil
anserina Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
silverweed
Argentina anserina (Linnaeus) Rydberg
Argentina argentea Rydberg
Potentilla anserina Linnaeus var. concolor Seringe
Potentilla anseriana Linnaeus var. sericea (Linnaeus) Hayne
anserina Linnaeus var. concolor Seringe = Potentilla anseriana Linnaeus
anserina Linnaeus var. sericea (Linnaeus) Hayne = Potentilla anseriana Linnaeus
arguta Pursh subsp. convallaria (Rydberg) Keck [M&H; W&S]
tall cinquefoil
Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) Rydberg
Drymocallis convallaria Rydberg
Potentilla convallaria Rydberg
atrorubens Rydberg = Potentilla thurberi Gray var. atrorubens (Rydberg) Kearney & Peebles
bicrenata Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain cinquefoil
Potentilla concinna L.C.M. Richard var. bicrenata (Rydberg) Welsh & Johnston
biennis Greene : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
bipinnatifida Douglas ex Hooker [Kohli & Packer 1976]
tansy cinquefoil
concinna L.C.M. Richard var. bicrenata (Rydberg) Welsh & Johnston = Potentilla bicrenata
Rydberg
concinna L.C.M. Richard [M&H; Peterson 2000]
red cinquefoil
Potentilla divisa (Rydberg) Rydberg
Potentilla oblanceolata Rydberg
concinna L.C.M. Richard var. rubripes (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock = Potentilla subjuga Rydberg
convallaria Rydberg = Potentilla arguta Pursh subsp. convallaria (Rydberg) Keck
crinita Gray [W&S]
bearded cinquefoil
Potentilla lemmoni (S. Watson) Greene
diffusa A. Gray = Potentilla hippiana Lehmann
divisa (Rydberg) Rydberg = Potentilla concinna L.C.M. Richard var. concinna
diversifolia Lehmann [M&H; W&S]
meadow cinquefoil
effusa auctores non Douglas ex Lehmann = Potentilla hippiana Lehmann
elmeri Rydberg = Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex Hooker var. elmeri (Rydberg) Jepson
filipes Rydberg = Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex Hooker var. pulcherrima (Lehmann) Fernald
fissa Nuttall [Hartman et al. 2006]
big-flower cinquefoil
Drymocallis fissa (Nuttall) Rydberg
fruticosa Linnaeus = Dasiphora fruticosa (Linnaeus) Rydberg
glandulosa Lindley [M&H; W&S]
sticky cinquefoil
Drymocallis glandulosa (Lindley) Rydberg
gracilis Douglas ex Hooker var. elmeri (Rydberg) Jepson [Holmgren 1997; Welsh et al. 1993]
Elmer’s cinquefoil
Potentilla elmeri Rydberg
Potentilla pectinisecta Rydberg
gracilis Douglas ex Hooker var. fastigiata (Nuttall) S. Watson = Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex
Hooker var. glabrata (Lehmann) C.L. Hitchcock
gracilis Douglas ex Hooker var. glabrata (Lehmann) C.L. Hitchcock [Welsh et al. 1993]

425
 glabrate cinquefoil
Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex Hooker var. fastigiata (Nuttall) S. Watson
Potentilla nuttallii Lehmann var. glabrata Lehmann
gracilis Douglas ex Hooker var. pulcherrima (Lehmann) Fernald [M&H; W&S]
beautiful cinquefoil
Potentilla filipes Rydberg
Potentilla pulcherrima Lehmann
hippiana Lehmann var. diffusa (A. Gray) Lehmann = Potentilla hippiana Lehmann
hippiana Lehmann [M&H; W&S]
wooly cinquefoil
Potentilla diffusa A. Gray
Potentilla effusa auctores non Douglas ex Lehmann
Potentilla hippiana Lehmann var. diffusa (A. Gray) Lehmann
Potentilla propinqua Rydberg
lemmoni (S. Watson) Greene = Potentilla crinita Gray
leucocarpa Rydberg = Potentilla rivalis Nuttall
millegrana Engelmann = Potentilla rivalis Nuttall
monspeliensis Linnaeus = Potentilla norvegica Linnaeus
nivea Linnaeus : reported for NM by Welsh et al. (1993), but questioned by Peterson (2000); awaits
verification.
norvegica Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
Norwegian cinquefoil
Potentilla monspeliensis Linnaeus
nuttallii Lehmann var. glabrata Lehmann = Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex Hooker var. pulcherrima
(Lehmann) Fernald
oblanceolata Rydberg = Potentilla concinna L.C.M. Richard
ovalis Lehmann = Fragaria virginiana Duchesne subsp. glauca (S. Watson) Staudt
ovina Macoun ex J.M. Macoun : Reported by Kartesz (1999) based on Hitchcock et al. (1955-1969),
but not by any other workers; awaits verification.
paradoxa Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
bushy cinquefoil
pectinisecta Rydberg = Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex Hooker var. elmeri (Rydberg) Jepson
pensylvanica Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
Pennsylvania cinquefoil
Potentilla strigosa (Pursh) Pallas
plattensis Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
Platt River cinquefoil
propinqua Rydberg = Potentilla hippiana Lehmann
pulcherrima Lehmann = Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex Hooker var. pulcherrima (Lehmann) Fernald
*recta Linnaeus [McGrath 2009]
sulphur cinquefoil
rivalis Nuttall var. millegrana (Engelmann) S. Watson = Potentilla rivalis Nuttall
rivalis Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
brook cinquefoil
Potentilla leucocarpa Rydberg
Potentilla millegrana Engelmann
Potentilla rivalis Nuttall var. millegrana (Engelmann) S. Watson
rubricaulis Lehmann : Reported tenuously by Baker (1983), but questioned by Peterson (2000)
sibbaldii Hall f. = Sibbaldia procumbens Linnaeus
+sierrae-blancae Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
Sierra Blanca cinquefoil
strigosa (Pursh) Pallas = Potentilla pennsylvanica Linnaeus
subjuga Rydberg [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
Colorado cinquefoil
Potentilla concinna L.C.M. Richard var. rubripes (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock
subviscosa Greene [M&H; W&S]
Navajo cinquefoil

426
 thurberi Gray var. atrorubens (Rydberg) Kearney & Peebles [M&H; W&S]
Thurber’s cinquefoil
Potentilla atrorubens Rydberg
thurberi Gray var. thurberi [M&H; W&S]
Thurber’s cinquefoil
uniflora Ledebour [McKay 1970]
one-flower cinquefoil
Poterium spachianum Cosson subsp. balearicum Bourgeau ex Nyman = Sanguisorba minor Scopoli
subsp. balearica (Bourgeau ex Nyman) M. Garmendia & C. Navarro
Prunus plum, cherry
Cox, G. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 31:1. [Prunus armeniaca]
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Prunus persica]
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports [Prunus avium]. The New Mexico Botanist 39:7.
McVaugh, R. 1951. Revision of the North American black cherries. Brittonia 7(4):279-315.
Sargent, C.S. 1920. Notes on North American trees. VII. J. Arnold Arbor. 1:112-122. [Prunus virginiana demissa]
Sibley, D.A. 2009. The Sibley Guide to Trees. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 426 pp. [Prunus cerasifera]
americana Marshall [M&H; W&S]
American plum
angustifolia Marshall var. watsonii (Sargent) Waugh [M&H; W&S]
Chickasaw plum
Prunus watsonii Sargent
*armeniaca Linnaeus [Cox 2004]
apricot
*avium Linnaeus [Heil 2007]
sweet cheery
*cerasifera Ehrhart : Reported for NM by Sibley (2009); requires verification.
*cerasus Linnaeus [M&H]
sour cherry
emarginata (Douglas ex Hooker) D. Dietrich var. crenulata (Greene) Kearney & Peebles = Prunus
emarginata (Douglas ex Hooker) D. Dietrich
emarginata (Douglas ex Hooker) D. Dietrich [M&H; W&S]
bitter cherry
Cerasus crenulata Greene
Cerasus emarginata Douglas ex Hooker
Prunus emarginata (Douglas ex Hooker) D. Dietrich var. crenulata (Greene) Kearney &
Peebles
gracilis Engelmann & Gray [M&H]
Oklahoma plum
Prunus normalis (Torrey & Gray) Small
melanocarpa (A. Nelson) Rydberg = Prunus virginiana Linnaeus var. melanocarpa (A. Nelson)
Sargent
normalis (Torrey & Gray) Small = Prunus gracilis Engelmann & Gray
*persica (Linnaeus) Batsch [Hartman et al. 2006]
peach
Amygdalus persica Linnaeus
serotina Ehrhart var. rufula (Wooton & Standley) McVaugh [M&H; W&S]
black cherry
Padus rufula Wooton & Standley
Prunus virens Wooton & Standley var. rufula (Wooton & Standley) Sargent
serotina Ehrhart var. virens (Wooton & Standley) McVaugh [M&H]
black cherry
Padus virens Wooton & Standley
virens Wooton & Standley var. rufula (Wooton & Standley) Sargent = Prunus serotina Ehrhart var.
rufula (Wooton & Standley) McVaugh
virginiana Linnaeus var. demissa (Nuttall) Torrey [Sargent 1920]
choke cherry

427
 Cerasus demissa Nuttall
Padus valida Wooton & Standley
Prunus virginiana Linnaeus var. demissa (Nuttall) Torrey forma pachyrrhachis Sargent
virginiana Linnaeus var. demissa (Nuttall) Torrey forma pachyrrhachis Sargent = Prunus virginiana
Linnaeus var. demissa (Nuttall) Torrey
virginiana Linnaeus var. melanocarpa (A. Nelson) Sargent [M&H; W&S]
choke cherry
Padus calophylla Wooton & Standley
Padus melanocarpa (A. Nelson) Shafer
Padus mescaleria Wooton & Standley
Padus pumicea Wooton & Standley
Prunus melanocarpa (A. Nelson) Rydberg
watsonii Sargent = Prunus angustifolia Marshall var. watsonii (Sargent) Waugh
Purshia bitterbrush
Henrickson, J. 1986. Notes on Rosaceae. Phytologia 60:468.
Koehler, D.L. & D.M. Smith. 1981. Hybridization between Cowania mexicana var. stansburiana and Purshia
glandulosa (Rosaceae). Madroño 28:13-25.
Stutz, H.C. & L.K. Thomas. 1964. Hybridization and introgression in Cowania and Purshia. Evolution 18:183-195.
mexicana (D. Don) Welsh) var. stansburiana (Torrey) Welsh = Purshia stansburiana (Torrey)
Henrickson
stansburiana (Torrey) Henrickson [M&H; W&S]
cliffrose
Cowania mexicana D. Don var. stansburiana (Torrey) Jepson
Cowania stansburiana Torrey
Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Welsh var. stansburiana (Torrey) Welsh
tridentata (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle [M&H; W&S]
bitterbrush
Tigarea tridentata Pursh (Dilleniaceae)
Pyracantha firethorn
Sivinski, R. 1999. Plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 12:8. [Pyracantha coccinea]
*coccinea Roemer [Sivinski 1999]
scarlet firethorn
Pyrus pear
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Pyrus communis]
*communis Linnaeus [Allred 1999]
pear
malus Linnaeus = Malus sylvestris P. Miller
Rosa rose
Lewis, W.H. 1965. Monograph of Rosa in North America. V. Subgenus Hesperhodos. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
52:99-113.
Schiebout, M.H., D.L. Hazlett, & N. Snow. 2008. A floristic survey of vascular plants over parts of northeastern New
Mexico. J. Res. Inst. Texas 2(2):1407-1447. [Rosa × harisonii]
McVaugh, R. 1942. Rosaceae of Nevada. Contr. Flora Nevada No. 22, Div. Pl. Explor. & Introduct., Bur. Pl. Industry,
U.S.D.A.
acicularis Lindley var. sayana Erlanson [M&H; W&S]
prickly rose
Rosa acicularis Lindley var. bourgeauiana (Crepin) Crepin
Rosa acicularis Lindley subsp. sayi (Schweinitz) W.H. Lewis
Rosa bourgeauiana Crepin
Rosa sayi Schweinitz
acicularis Lindley var. bourgeauiana (Crepin) Crepin = Rosa acicularis Lindley var. sayana
Erlanson
acicularis Lindley subsp. sayi (Schweinitz) W.H. Lewis = Rosa acicularis Lindley var. sayana
Erlanson
adenosepala Wooton & Standley = Rosa woodsii Lindley var. woodsii
arizonica Rydberg = Rosa woodsii Lindley var. ultramontana (S. Watson) Jepson
arkansana Porter var. arkansana [M&H]
prairie rose
arkansana Porter var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell [M&H; W&S]

428
 prairie rose
Rosa suffulta Greene
bourgeauiana Crepin = Rosa acicularis Lindley var. sayana Erlanson
californica Chamisso & Schlectendal var. ultramontana S. Watson = Rosa woodsii Lindley var.
ultramontana (S. Watson) Jepson
fendleri Crepin = Rosa woodsii Lindley var. woodsii
granulifera Rydberg : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
Rosa woodsii Lindley var. granulifera (Rydberg) Martin & Hutchins ined. [This
combination not validly published by M&H; see ICBN, Article 33]
*×harisonii Rivers [Schiebout et al. 2009]
Harison’s rose
helleri Greene : Reported doubtfully by W&S, not treated by M&H; needs verification.
hypoleuca Wooton & Standley = Rosa woodsii Lindley var. woodsii
macounii Greene = Rosa woodsii Lindley var. ultramontana (S. Watson) Jepson
manca Greene = Rosa woodsii Lindley var. woodsii
maximilliana Rydberg = Rosa woodsii Lindley var. ultramontana (S. Wats) Jepson
melina Greene = Rosa nutkana Presl var. hispida Fernald
mirifica Greene = Rosa stellata Wooton var. mirifica (Greene) Cockerell
*multiflora Thunberg ex Murray [Heil et al. 2002]
rambler rose
neomexicana Cockerell = Rosa woodsii Lindley var. woodsii
nutkana Presl var. hispida Fernald [M&H; W&S]
Nootka rose
Rosa melina Greene
pecosensis Cockerell = Rosa woodsii Lindley var. ultramontana (S. Watson) Jepson
praetincta Cockerell = Rosa woodsii Lindley var. ultramontana (S. Watson) Jepson
sayi Schweinitz = Rosa acicularis Lindley var. sayana Erlanson
standleyi Rydberg = Rosa woodsii Lindley var. woodsii
stellata Wooton var. erlansoniae W. H. Lewis [M&H]
desert rose
stellata Wooton var. mirifica (Greene) W.H. Lewis [M&H; W&S]
desert rose
Rosa mirifica Greene
stellata Wooton var. stellata [M&H; W&S]
desert rose
suffulta Greene = Rosa arkansana Porter var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell
woodsii Lindley var. adenosepala (Wooton & Standley) Martin & Hutchins ined. [This combination
not validly published by M&H; see ICBN, Article 33] = Rosa woodsii Lindley var.
woodsii
woodsii Lindley var. arizonica (Rydberg) Martin & Hutchins ined. [This combination not validly
published by M&H; see ICBN, Article 33] = Rosa woodsii Lindley var.
ultramontana (S. Watson) Jepson
woodsii Lindley var. fendleri (Crepin) Rydberg = Rosa woodsii Lindley var. woodsii
woodsii Lindley var. granulifera (Rydberg) Martin & Hutchins ined. [This combination not validly
published by M&H; see ICBN, Article 33] = Rosa woodsii Lindley var.
ultramontana (S. Watson) Jepson
woodsii Lindley var. hypoleuca (Wooton & Standley) Martin & Hutchins ined. [This combination
not validly published by M&H; see ICBN, Article 33] = Rosa woodsii Lindley var.
woodsii
woodsii Lindley var. macounii (Greene) Martin & Hutchins ined. [This combination not validly
published by M&H; see ICBN, Article 33] = Rosa woodsii Lindley var.
ultramontana (S. Watson) Jepson
woodsii Lindley var. neomexicana (Cockerell) Martin & Hutchins ined. [This combination not
validly published by M&H; see ICBN, Article 33] = Rosa woodsii Lindley var.
woodsii
woodsii Lindley var. ultramontana (S. Watson) Jepson [M&H; W&S]
Wood’s rose
Rosa arizonica Rydberg

429
 Rosa californica Chamisso & Schlectendal var. ultramontana S. Watson
Rosa macounii Greene
Rosa maximilliana Rydberg
Rosa pecosensis Cockerell
Rosa praetincta Cockerell
Rosa woodsii Lindley var. arizonica (Rydberg) Martin & Hutchins ined. [not validly
published]
Rosa woodsii Lindley var. granulifera (Rydberg) Martin & Hutchins ined. [not validly
published]
Rosa woodsii Lindley var. macounii (Greene) Martin & Hutchins ined. [not validly
published]
woodsii Lindley var. woodsii [M&H; W&S]
Wood’s rose
Rosa adenosepala Wooton & Standley
Rosa fendleri Crepin
Rosa hypoleuca Wooton & Standley
Rosa manca Greene
Rosa neomexicana Cockerell
Rosa standleyi Rydberg
Rosa woodsii Lindley var. adenosepala (Wooton & Standley) Martin & Hutchins ined.
[not validly published]
Rosa woodsii Lindley var. fendleri (Crepin) Rydberg
Rosa woodsii Lindley var. hypoleuca (Wooton & Standley) Martin & Hutchins ined. [not
validly published]
Rosa woodsii Lindley var. neomexicana (Cockerell) Martin & Hutchins ined. [not validly
published]
Rubacer parviflorus (Nuttall) Rydberg = Rubus parviflorus Nuttall
Rubus raspberry, blackberry
aliceae L.H. Bailey = Rubus idaeus Linnaeus var. strigosus (Michaux) Maximowicz
arizonensis Focke [M&H]
Arizona dewberry
arizonicus (Greene) Rydberg = Rubus idaeus Linnaeus var. strigosus (Michaux) Maximowicz
bernardinus (Greene) Fedde = Rubus leucodermis Douglas ex Torrey & Gray
deliciosus Torrey var. deliciosus [M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain raspberry
Bossekia deliciosa (Torrey) A. Nelson
Oreobatus deliciosus (Torrey) Rydberg
deliciosus Torrey var. neomexicanus (Gray) Kearney [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico raspberry
Oreobatus neomexicanus (Gray) Rydberg
Oreobatus rubicundus Wooton & Standley
Rubus exrubicundus L.H. Bailey
Rubus neomexicanus Gray
Rubus rubicundus (Wooton & Standley) Tidestrom
*discolor Weihe & Nees [Spellenberg et al. 1986]
Himalayan blackberry
Rubus procerus auctores non P.J. Mueller ex Genevier
exrubicundus L.H. Bailey = Rubus deliciosus Torrey var. neomexicanus (Gray) Kearney
idaeus Linnaeus var. strigosus (Michaux) Maximowicz [M&H; W&S]
red raspberry
Rubus aliceae L.H. Bailey
Rubus arizonicus (Greene) Rydberg
Rubus melanolasius Dieck
Rubus strigosus Michaux var. arizonicus (Greene) Kearney & Peebles
Rubus strigosus Michaux
leucodermis Douglas ex Torrey & Gray [M&H; W&S]
white-stem raspberry
Rubus bernardinus (Greene) Fedde

430
 Rubus leucodermis Douglas ex Torrey & Gray) var. bernardinus (Greene) Jepson
leucodermis Douglas ex Torrey & Gray) var. bernardinus (Greene) Jepson = Rubus leucodermis
Douglas ex Torrey & Gray
melanolasius Dieck = Rubus idaeus Linnaeus var. strigosus (Michaux) Maximowicz
neomexicanus Gray = Rubus deliciosus Torrey var. neomexicanus (Gray) Kearney
occidentalis Linnaeus : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
parviflorus Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
western thimble-berry
Bossekia parviflora (Nuttall) Greene
Rubacer parviflorus (Nuttall) Rydberg
procerus auctores non P.J. Mueller ex Genevier = Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees
rubicundus (Wooton & Standley) Tidestrom = Rubus deliciosus Torrey var. neomexicanus (Gray)
Kearney
strigosus Michaux var. arizonicus (Greene) Kearney & Peebles = Rubus idaeus Linnaeus var.
strigosus (Michaux) Maximowicz
strigosus Michaux var. strigosus = Rubus idaeus Linnaeus var. strigosus (Michaux) Maximowicz
Sanguisorba burnet
annua Nuttall : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
*minor Scopoli subsp. balearica (Bourgeau ex Nyman) M. Garmendia & C. Navarro
[M&H]
salad burnet
Poterium spachianum Cosson subsp. balearicum Bourgeau ex Nyman
Sanguisorba minor Scopoli subsp. muricata (Spach ex Bonnier & Layens) Nordborg
minor Scopoli subsp. muricata (Spach ex Bonnier & Layens) Nordborg = Sanguisorba minor
Scopoli subsp. balearica (Bourgeau ex Nyman) M. Garmendia & C. Navarro
Sericotheca dumosa (Nuttall) Rydberg = Holodiscus dumosus (Nuttall) Heller
Sibbaldia glow-wort
procumbens Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
creeping glow-wort
Potentilla sibbaldii Hall f.
Sieversia ciliata (Pursh) G. Don = Geum triflorum Pursh var. ciliatum (Pursh) Fawcett
grisea (Greene) Rydberg = Geum triflorum Pursh var. ciliatum (Pursh) Fawcett
paradoxa D. Don = Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endlicher ex Torrey
turbinata (Rydberg) Greene = Geum rossii (R. Brown) Seringe var. turbinatum (Rydberg) C.L.
Hitchcock
Sorbus mountain-ash
Jones, G.N. 1939. A synopsis of the North American species of Sorbus. J. Arnold Arbor. 20:1-43.
dumosa Greene [M&H]
Arizona mountain-ash
scopulina Greene [M&H; W&S]
Cascade mountain-ash
Spiraea caespitosa Nuttall = Petrophytum caespitosum (Nuttall) Rydberg
caespitosa Nuttall var. elatius (Nuttall) Tidestrom = Petrophytum caespitosum (Nuttall) Rydberg
dumosa Nuttall = Holodiscus dumosus (Nuttall ex Hooker) Heller
monogyna Torrey = Physocarpus monogynus (Torrey) Coulter
Vauquelinia rosewood
Hess, W. & J. Henrickson. 1987. A taxonomic revision of Vauquelinia (Rosaceae). Sida 12:101-163.
californica (Torrey) Sargent subsp. californica : Not occurring in NM (Hess & Hendrickson 1987).
californica (Torrey) Sargent subsp. pauciflora (Standley) Hess & Hendrickson [Hess &
Hendrickson 1987; M&H; W&S]
Arizona rosewood
Vauquelinia pauciflora Standley
pauciflora Standley = Vauquelinia californica (Torrey) Sargent subsp. pauciflora (Standley) Hess &
Hendrickson

Family RUBIACEAE
Dempster, L.T. 1995. Rubiaceae-Madder Family. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 29(1):29-38.
Bouvardia firecracker-bush

431
 glaberrima Engelmann = Bouvardia ternifolia (Cavanilles) Schlechtendal
ovata Gray = Bouvardia ternifolia (Cavanilles) Schlechtendal
ternifolia (Cavanilles) Schlechtendal [M&H; W&S]
firecracker-bush
Bouvardia glaberrima Engelmann
Bouvardia ovata Gray
Ixora ternifolia Cavanilles
Cephalanthus occidentalis Linnaeus : Reported as expected by M&H, and listed for NM by Dempster
(1995), but no specimens have been located at any herbaria; awaits verification.
Crusea saucer-flower
diversifolia (Kunth) W.A. Anderson [M&H]
saucer-flower
Crusea subulata (Pavon) Gray
Crusea wrightii Gray
Spermacoce diversifolia Kunth
subulata (Pavon) Gray = Crusea diversifolia (Kunth) W.A. Anderson
wrightii Gray = Crusea diversifolia (Kunth) W.A. Anderson
Diodia poor-Joe
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Diodia teres angustata]
Todsen, T.K. 1996. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 2:6. [Diodia teres setifera]
teres Walter var. angustata Gray [Allred 1999; M&H]
poor-Joe
teres Walter var. setifera Fernald = Diodia teres Walter var. teres
teres Walter var. teres [M&H]
poor-Joe
Diodia teres Walter var. setifera Fernald
Galium bedstraw
Cronquist, A. 1984. Galium, pp. 528-536. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 4. New York Botanical Garden.
Dempster, L.T. 1973. The polygamous species of the genus Galium (Rubiaceae), section Lophogalium, of Mexico and
southwestern United States. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 64:1-36.
Dempster, L.T. 1976. Galium mexicanum (Rubiaceae) of Central America and western North America. Madroño
23:378-386.
Ehrendorfer, F. 1956. Survey of the Galium multiflorum complex in western North America. Contr. Dudley Herb. 5:1-
21.
Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A Synonymized Checklist and Atlas with Biological Attributes for the Vascular Flora of the
United States, Canada, and Greenland. First Edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the
North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC. [Galium
mexicanum mexicanm]
Puff, C. 1976. The Galium trifidum group (Galium sect. Aparinoides, Rubiaceae). Can. J. Bot. 54:1911-1925.
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, & R. Peterson. 1994. Additions to the native and adventive flora of New Mexico. Phytologia
76(6):473-479. [Galium bifolium]
Spellenberg, R., M. Mahrt & R. Brozka. 1991. Noteworthy collections, New Mexico. Madroño 38:298-301. [Galium
wrightii]
Wagner, W.L. 1983. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 30:126. [Galium emeryense]
acutissimum Gray = Galium stellatum Kellogg
*aparine Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
sticky-willy
Galium aparine Linnaeus var. echinospermum (Wallroth) Farwell
Galium aparine Linnaeus var. vaillantii (A.P. de Candolle) Koch
aparine Linnaeus var. echinospermum (Wallroth) Farwell = Galium aparine Linnaeus
aparine Linnaeus var. vaillantii (A.P. de Candolle) Koch = Galium aparine Linnaeus
asperrimum Gray = Galium mexicanum Kunth var. asperrimum (Gray) Higgins & Welsh
bifolium S. Watson [M&H; Sivinski et al. 1994]
twin-leaf bedstraw
boreale Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
northern bedstraw
Galium septentrionale Roemer & Schultes
brandegei Gray = Galium trifidum Linnaeus subsp. subbiflorum (Wiegand) Puff
coloradoense W.F. Wight = Galium multiflorum Kellogg var. coloradoense (Wight) Cronquist
emeryense Dempster & Ehrendorfer = Galium multiflorum Kellogg var. multiflorum

432
 fendleri Gray [Dempster 1973; M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s bedstraw
flaviflorum Heller = Galium triflorum Michaux
frankliniense Correll = Galium wrightii Gray
mexicanum Kunth var. asperrimum (Gray) Higgins & Welsh [Dempster 1976; M&H; W&S]
Mexican bedstraw
Galium asperrimum Gray
Galium mexicanum Kunth subsp. asperrimum (Gray) Dempster
mexicanum Kunth subsp. asperrimum (Gray) Dempster = Galium mexicanum Kunth var.
asperrimum (Gray) Higgins & Welsh
mexicanum Kunth var. mexicanum [Dempster, in Kartesz 1999]
Mexican bedstraw
microphyllum Gray [M&H; W&S]
bract-leaf bedstraw
Relbunium microphyllum Hemsley
multiflorum Kellogg var. multiflorum [Wagner 1983]
shrubby bedstraw
Galium emeryense Dempster & Ehrendorfer
multiflorum Kellogg var. coloradoense (Wight) Cronquist [Ehrendorfer 1956; M&H]
Colorado bedstraw
Galium coloradoense Wight
pilosum Aiton [M&H]
hairy bedstraw
proliferum Gray [M&H; W&S]
limestone bedstraw
Galium virgatum Nuttall var. diffusum Gray
rothrockii Gray = Galium wrightii Gray
septentrionale Roemer & Schultes = Galium boreale Linnaeus
stellatum Kellogg : Reported by W&S (as Galium acutissimum), but this species is a Mojave and
Sonoran Desert element and has not since been recorded for NM.
Galium acutissimum Gray
tinctorium Linnaeus var. subbiflorum (Wiegand) Fernald = Galium trifidum Linnaeus subsp.
subbiflorum (Wiegand) Puff
trifidum Linnaeus var. subbiflorum Wiegand [M&H; Puff 1976; W&S]
three-petal bedstraw
Galium brandegei Gray
Galium tinctorium Linnaeus var. subbiflorum (Wiegand) Fernald
Galium trifidum Linnaeus subsp. subbiflorum (Wiegand) Puff
triflorum Michaux [M&H; W&S]
fragrant bedstraw
Galium flaviflorum Heller
virgatum Nuttall var. diffusum Gray = Galium proliferum Gray
wrightii Gray [Dempster 1973; M&H; Spellenberg et al. 1991; W&S]
Wright’s bedstraw
Galium frankliniense Correll
Galium rothrockii Gray
Hedyotis star-violet
Terrell, E.E. 1979. New Species and combinations in Houstonia (Rubiaceae). Brittonia 31:164-169.
Terrell, E.E. 1996. Revision of Houstonia (Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 48.
Terrell, E.E. 1996. Taxonomic notes on Texan and Mexican species of Hedyotis and Houstonia (Rubiaceae).
Phytologia 81(2):108-114.
Terrell, E.E. 2001. Taxonomy of Stenaria (Rubiaceae): Hedyotideae), a new genus including Hedyotis nigricans. Sida
19(3):591-614.
Turner, B.L. 1995. Taxonomic overview of Hedyotis nigricans (Rubiaceae) and closely allied taxa. Phytologia
79(1):12-21.
acerosa Gray var. bigelovii (Greenman) W.H. Lewis = Houstonia acerosa (Gray) Gray ex Bentham
& Hooker var. polypremoides (Gray) Terrell

433
 angulata Fosberg ex Shinners : Erroneously included in previous draft editions of this work; no
specimens are known from NM.
Houstonia rupicola Greenman
greenei (Gray) W.H. Lewis [M&H; W&S]
Greene’s star-violet
Oldenlandia greenei Gray
humifusa Gray = Houstonia humifusa Gray
intricata Fosberg [M&H]
tangled star-violet
Houstonia fasciculata Gray
nigricans (Lamarck) Fosberg var. nigricans [M&H]
diamond-flowers
Houstonia angustifolia Michaux
Houstonia angustifolia Michaux var. rigidiuscula Gray
Houstonia nigricans (Lamarck) Fernald
Houstonia rigidiuscula (Gray) Wooton & Standley
Stenaria nigricans (Lamarck) Terrell
nigricans (Lamarck) Fosberg var. papillacea B.L. Turner [Turner 1995]
diamond-flowers
pygmaea Roemer & Schultes = Houstonia wrightii Gray
rubra (Cavanilles) Gray = Houstonia rubra Cavanilles
Houstonia bluets
Terrell, E.E. 1996. Revision of Houstonia (Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 48.
Terrell, E.E. 1996. Taxonomic notes on Texan and Mexican species of Hedyotis and Houstonia (Rubiaceae).
Phytologia 81(2):108-114.
Terrell, E.E. 2001. Taxonomic review of Houstonia acerosa and H. palmeri, with notes on Hedyotis and Oldenlandia
(Rubiaceae). Sida 19(4):913-922.
acerosa (Gray) Gray ex Bentham & Hooker var. polypremoides (Gray) Terrell [M&H;
Terrell 2001]
needle-leaf bluets
Hedyotis acerosa Gray var. bigelovii (Greenman) W.H. Lewis
Houstonia acerosa (Gray) Gray ex Bentham & Hooker subsp. polypremoides (Gray)
Terrell
Houstonia polypremoides Gray
Houstonia polypremoides Gray var. bigelovii Grenman
acerosa (Gray) Gray ex Bentham & Hooker subsp. polypremoides (Gray) Terrell = Houstonia
acerosa (Gray) Gray ex Bentham & Hooker var. polypremoides (Gray) Terrell
angustifolia Michaux = Hedyotis nigricans (Lamarck) Fosberg var. nigricans
angustifolia Michaux var. rigidiuscula Gray = Hedyotis nigricans (Lamarck) Fosberg var. nigricans
fasciculata Gray = Hedyotis intricata Fosberg
humifusa (Gray) Gray [M&H; Terrell 1996]
matted bluets
Hedyotis humifusa Gray
nigricans (Lamarck) Fernald = Hedyotis nigricans (Lamarck) Fosberg var. nigricans
polypremoides Gray = Houstonia acerosa (Gray) Gray ex Bentham & Hooker var. polypremoides
(Gray) Terrell
polypremoides Gray var. bigelovii Grenman = Houstonia acerosa (Gray) Gray ex Bentham &
Hooker var. polypremoides (Gray) Terrell
rigidiuscula (Gray) Wooton & Standley = Hedyotis nigricans (Lamarck) Fosberg var. nigricans
rubra Cavanilles [M&H; Terrell 1996]
red bluets
Hedyotis rubra (Cavanilles) Gray
Oldenlandia rubra Gray
rupicola Greenman = Hedyotis angulata Fosberg ex Shinners
wrightii Gray [M&H; Terrell 1996]
Wright’s bluets
Hedyotis pygmaea Roemer & Schultes
Ixora ternifolia Cavanilles = Bouvardia ternifolia (Cavanilles) Schlechtendal
Kelloggia kellogia

434
 Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, & R. Peterson. 1994. Additions to the native and adventive flora of New Mexico. Phytologia
76(6):473-479. [Kelloggia galioides]
galioides Torrey [Sivinski et al. 1994]
milky kelloggia
Oldenlandia greenei Gray = Hedyotis greenei (Gray) W.H. Lewis
rubra Gray = Houstonia rubra Cavanilles
Relbunium microphyllum Hemsley = Galium microphyllum Gray
Spermacoce diversifolia Kunth = Crusea diversifolia (Kunth) W.A. Anderson
Stenaria nigricans (Lamarck) Terrell = Hedyotis nigricans (Lamarck) Fosberg var. nigricans

Family RUTACEAE
Astrophyllum dumosum Torrey = Choisya dumosa (Torrey) Gray
Choisya Mexican-orange
dumosa (Torrey) Gray [M&H; W&S]
Mexican-orange
Astrophyllum dumosum Torrey
Ptelea hoptree
Bailey, V.L. 1962. Revision of the genus Ptelea (Rutaceae). Brittonia 14:1-45.
Brizicky, G.K. 1962. The genera of Rutaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 43:1-22.
angustifolia Bentham = Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. angustifolia (Bentham) V.L. Bailey var.
angustifolia (Bentham) M.E. Jones
angustifolia Bentham var. cognata (Greene) Kearney & Peebles = Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus subsp.
angustifolia (Bentham) V.L. Bailey var. cognata (Greene) Kearney & Peebles
cognata Greene = Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. angustifolia (Bentham) V.L. Bailey var. cognata
(Greene) Kearney & Peebles
confinis Greene = Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. pallida (Greene) V.L. Bailey var. confinis
(Greene) V.L. Bailey
formosa Greene = Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. polydenia (Greene) V.L. Bailey
jucunda Greene = Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. angustifolia (Bentham) V.L. Bailey var.
angustifolia (Bentham) M.E. Jones
neomexicana Greene = Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. angustifolia (Bentham) V.L. Bailey var.
angustifolia (Bentham) M.E. Jones
pallida Greene = Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. pallida (Greene) V.L. Bailey var. pallida (Greene)
V.L. Bailey
parvula Greene = Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. polydenia (Greene) V.L. Bailey
subvestita Greene = Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. polydenia (Greene) V.L. Bailey
tomentosa Rafinesque = Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. trifoliolata var. mollis Torrey & Gray
trifoliata Linnaeus var. angustifolia (Bentham) M.E. Jones = Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus subsp.
angustifolia (Bentham) V.L. Bailey var. angustifolia (Bentham) M.E. Jones
trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. angustifolia (Bentham) V.L. Bailey var. angustifolia
(Bentham) M.E. Jones [M&H; W&S]
hoptree
Ptelea angustifolia Bentham
Ptelea jucunda Greene
Ptelea neomexicana Greene
Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus var. angustifolia (Bentham) M.E. Jones
trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. angustifolia (Bentham) V.L Bailey var. cognata (Greene)
Kearney & Peebles [M&H]
hoptree
Ptelea angustifolia Bentham var. cognata (Greene) Kearney & Peebles
Ptelea cognata Greene
trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. pallida (Greene) V.L. Bailey var. confinis (Greene) V.L.
Bailey [M&H]
hoptree
Ptelea confinis Greene
trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. pallida (Greene) V.L. Bailey var. pallida (Greene) V.L. Bailey
[M&H]
hoptree

435
 Ptelea pallida Greene
trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. polydenia (Greene) V.L. Bailey [M&H]
hoptree
Ptelea formosa Greene
Ptelea parvula Greene
Ptelea polydenia Greene
Ptelea subvestita Greene
trifoliata Linnaeus subsp. trifoliolata var. mollis Torrey & Gray [M&H; W&S]
hoptree
Ptelea tomentosa Rafinesque
Rutosma purpurea Wooton & Standley = Thamnosma texana (Gray) Torrey
texana Gray = Thamnosma texana (Gray) Torrey
Thamnosma rue
texana (Gray) Torrey [M&H; W&S]
Texas rue
Rutosma purpurea Wooton & Standley
Rutosma texana Gray

Family SALICACEAE
Populus cottonwood
Eckenwalder, J.E. 1977. North American Populus sect. Abaso and Aigeiros. J. Arnold Arbor. 58:193-208.
Eckenwalder, J.E. 1984. Natural intersectional hybridization between North American species of Populus (Salicaceae)
in sections Aigeiros and Tacamahaca. II. Taxonomy. Canad. J. Bot. 63:325-335.
Floate, K.D. & T.G. Whitham. 1995. Insects as traits in plant systematics: their use in discriminating between hybrid
cottonwoods. Can. J. Bot. 73:1-13.
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp. [Populus
deltoides deltoides]
Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A Synonymized Checklist and Atlas with Biological Attributes for the Vascular Flora of the
United States, Canada, and Greenland. First Edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the
North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC. [Populus nigra]
×acuminata Rydberg [W&S] Note: these plants represent hybrids between Populus angustifolia and
Populus deltoides
lance-leaf cottonwood
*alba Linnaeus
white poplar
angustifolia James [W&S]
narrow-leaf cottonwood
aurea Tidestrom = Populus tremuloides Michaux
deltoides Bartram ex H. Marshall subsp. deltoides [Great Plains Flora Association 1977]
eastern cottonwood
deltoides Bartram ex H. Marshall subsp. monilifera (Aiton) Eckenwalder [Eckenwalder
1977]
eastern cottonwood
Populus deltoides Marshall var. occidentalis Rydberg
Populus monilifera Aiton
Populus sargentii Dode
deltoides Marshall var. occidentalis Rydberg = Populus deltoides Bartram ex H. Marshall subsp.
monilifera (Aiton) Eckenwalder
deltoides Bartram ex H. Marshall subsp. wislizeni (S. Watson) Eckenwalder [Eckenwalder
1977; W&S]
Rio Grande cottonwood
Populus fremontii S. Watson var. wislizeni S. Watson
Populus wislizeni (S. Watson) Sargent
fremontii S. Watson subsp. fremontii [M&H]
Fremont’s cottonwood
Populus fremontii S. Watson var. thornberi Sargent
fremontii S. Watson var. thornberi Sargent = Populus fremontii S. Watson subsp. fremontii
fremontii S. Watson var. wislizeni S. Watson = Populus deltoides H. Marshall subsp. wislizeni (S.
Watson) Eckenwalder

436
 ×hinckleyana Correll [Eckenwalder 1984] Note: these plants represent hybrids of Populus angustifolia ×
Populus fremontii
Hinckley’s cottonwood
monilifera Aiton = Populus deltoides Bartram ex H. Marshall subsp. monilifera (Aiton) Eckenwalder
*nigra Linnaeus [Kartesz 1999]
Lombardy popular
sargentii Dode = Populus deltoides H. Marshall subsp. monilifera (Aiton) Eckenwalder
tremuloides Michaux [M&H; W&S]
quaking aspen
Populus aurea Tidestrom
Populus tremuloides Michaux var. aurea (Tidestrom) Daniels
tremuloides Michaux var. aura (Tidestrom) Daniels = Populus tremuloides Michaux
wislizeni (S. Watson) Sargent = Populus deltoides H. Marshall subsp. wislizeni (S. Watson)
Eckenwalder
Salix willow
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Salix boothii]
Argus, G.W. 1986. Studies of the Salix lucida and Salix reticulata complexes in North America. Can. J. Bot. 64:541-
551.
Argus, G.W. 1986. The genus Salix (Salicaceae) in the southeastern United States. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 9:1-170.
Argus, G.W. 1995. Salicaceae. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 29(1):39-62.
Argus, G.W. & S.G. Aiken. 1987. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 34:268-269. [Salix geyeriana]
Argus, G.W. 2010. Salix, p. 23-162. IN: IN: Flora of North America, vol. 7. Oxford University Press.
Dorn, R.D. 1975. A systematic study of Salix section Cordatae in North America. Can. J. Bot. 53:1491-1522.
Dorn, R.D. 1977. Willows of the Rocky Mountain states. Rhodora 79:390-429.
Dorn, R.D. 1994. North American Salix (Salicaceae): Typifications and notes. Phytologia 77:89-95.
Dorn, R.D. 1995. A taxonomic study of Salix section Cordatae subsection Luteae (Salicaceae). Brittonia 47:160-174.
Dorn, R.D. 1996. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 2:5. [Salix arizonica]
Dorn, R.D. 1998. A taxonomic study of Salix section Longifoliae (Salicaceae). Brittonia 50(2):193-210.
Dorn, R.D. 2000. A taxonomic study of Salix sections Mexicanae and Viminella subsection Sitchenses (Salicaceae) in
North America. Brittonia 52(1):1-19.
Dorn, R.D. 2002. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanists 22:7. [Salix bonplandiana laevigata,
Salix fragilis]
Dorn, R.D. 2002. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 24:7. [Salix wolfii]
Dorn, R.D. 2008. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 43:7. [Salix nigra]
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp. [Salix
nigra]
Nesom, G.L. 2002. New combination in Salix (Salicaceae). Sida 20(2):523-524.
amygdaloides Andersson [M&H; W&S]
peach-leaf willow
amygdaloides Andersson var. wrightii (Andersson) Schneider = ×Salix wrightii Andersson
anglorum Chamisso var. antiplasta Schneider = Salix arctica Pallas var. petraea (Andersson) Bebb
arctica Pallas var. petraea (Andersson) Bebb [Dorn 1994; M&H; W&S]
arctic willow
Salix anglorum Chamisso var. antiplasta Schneider
Salix petraea Andersson
Salix petrophila Rydberg
argophylla Nuttall = Salix exigua Nuttall subsp. exigua
arizonica Dorn [Argus 2010; Dorn 1996]
Arizona willow
arguta Andersson = Salix lucida Muhlenberg subsp. caudata (Nuttall) Argus
*babylonica Linnaeus Note: Not officially reported from the wild in NM, but commonly cultivated and
persisting around old dwellings, and so included here.
weeping willow
Salix ×pendulina Wenderoth
Salix ×sepulcralis Simonkai
bebbiana Sargent [M&H; W&S]
gray willow, Bebb willow
Salix bebbiana Sargent var. perrostrata (Rydberg) Schneider
Salix perrostrata Rydberg
Salix rostrata Richards, not Thuiller
bebbiana Sargent var. perrostrata (Rydberg) Schneider = Salix bebbiana Sargent

437
bonplandiana Kunth var. bonplandiana : Included for NM by Dorn (1994), M&H, and W&S, based
on Mearns 2189, collected along the border in the San Luis Mountains and thought
to have been in NM, but now known to have been 5-10 miles south of NM in
Mexico.
bonplandiana Kunth var. laevigata (Bebb) Dorn [Dorn 2002]
polished willow
Salix laevigata Bebb
boothii Dorn [Allred 1999]
Booth’s willow
Salix myrtillifolia auctores non Andersson
Salix pseudocordata auctores non Andersson
brachycarpa Nuttall var. brachycarpa [Argus 2010; Dorn 1996]
short-fruit willow
caudata (Nuttall) Heller var. bryantiana Ball & Bracelin = Salix lucida Muhlenberg subsp. caudata
(Nuttall) Argus
caudata (Nuttall) Heller var. caudata = Salix lucida Muhlenberg subsp. caudata (Nuttall) Argus
chlorophylla Andersson = Salix planifolia Pursh
cordata Muhlenberg var. watsonii Bebb [= Salix eriocephala Michaux var. watsonii (Bebb) Dorn] :
Reported by W&S, but not known in NM (Dorn 1995).
drummondiana Barratt ex Hooker [Dorn 1977; M&H; W&S]
Drummond willow
Salix subcaerulea Piper
eriocephala Michaux var. ligulifolia (Ball) Dorn [Dorn 1995; M&H]
Missouri willow
Salix ligulifolia (Ball) Ball ex Schneider
Salix lutea of NM reports
Salix lutea Nuttall var. ligulifolia Ball
exigua Nuttall subsp. exigua [Dorn 1998; M&H; W&S]
coyote willow
Salix argophylla Nuttall
Salix exigua Nuttall var. stenophylla (Rydberg) Schneider
Salix stenophylla Rydberg
exigua Nuttall subsp. interior (Rowlee) Cronquist [M&H; W&S]
sandbar willow
Salix exigua Nuttall var. sericans (Nees) Nesom
Salix fluviatilis sensu W&S
Salix interior Rowlee
Salix longifolia Muhlenberg
exigua Nuttall var. sericans (Nees) Nesom = Salix exigua Nuttall subsp. interior (Rowlee) Cronquist
exigua Nuttall var. stenophylla (Rydberg) Schneider = Salix exigua Nuttall subsp. exigua
exilifolia Dorn [Dorn 1998; M&H; Sivinski 1996; W&S]
New Mexico willow
Salix taxifolia of NM works
fendleriana Andersson = Salix lucida Muhlenberg subsp. caudata (Nuttall) Argus
fluviatilis sensu W&S = Salix exigua Nuttall subsp. interior (Rowlee) Cronquist
*fragilis Linnaeus [Dorn 2002]
crack willow
geyeriana Andersson [Argus & Aiken 1987]
Geyer willow
glauca Linnaeus var. glabrescens (Andersson) Schneider = Salix glauca Linnaeus var. villosa (D.
Don ex Hooker) Andersson
glauca Linnaeus var. stipulata Floderus : The map in Argus (2010) shows NM, but the distribution
and habitat clearly exclude NM.
glauca Linnaeus var. villosa (D. Don ex Hooker) Andersson [M&H; W&S]
pale willow
Salix glauca Linnaeus var. glabrescens (Andersson) Schneider
Salix glaucops Andersson

438
 Salix pseudolapponum von Seemann
Salix villosa D. Don ex Hooker
glaucops Andersson = Salix glauca Linnaeus var. villosa Andersson
gooddingii Ball [Argus 2010; M&H]
Goodding’s willow
Salix nigra Marshall var. vallicola Dudley
interior Rowlee s.s. = Salix exigua Nuttall subsp. interior (Rowlee) Cronquist
interior Rowlee var. angustissima (Andersson) Dayton [=Salix thurberi Rowlee] : Not yet known
from NM.
irrorata Andersson [M&H; W&S]
blue-stem willow
laevigata Bebb = Salix bonplandiana Kunth var. laevigata (Bebb) Dorn
lasiandra Bentham = Salix lucida Muhlenberg subsp. lasiandra (Bentham) Argus
lasiandra Bentham var. caudata (Nuttall) Sudworth = Salix lucida Muhlenberg subsp. caudata
(Nuttall) Murray
lasiolepis Bentham [M&H]
arroyo willow
ligulifolia (Ball) Ball ex Schneider = Salix eriocephala Michaux var. ligulifolia (Ball) Dorn
longifolia Muhlenberg = Salix exigua Nuttall subsp. interior (Rowlee) Cronquist
lucida Muhlenberg subsp. caudata (Nuttall) Murray [Argus 1986; M&H; W&S]
shining willow
Salix arguta Andersson
Salix caudata (Nuttall) Heller var. bryantiana Ball & Bracelin
Salix caudata (Nuttall) Heller var. caudata
Salix fendleriana Andersson
Salix lasiandra Bentham var. caudata (Nuttall) Sudworth
Salix pentandra Linnaeus var. caudata Nuttall
lucida Muhlenberg subsp. lasiandra (Bentham) Murray [Argus 1986; M&H; W&S]
shining willow
Salix lasiandra Bentham
lutea Nuttall var. ligulifolia Ball = Salix eriocephala var. ligulifolia Ball
lutea Nuttall s.s. [=Salix eriocephala Michaux var. watsonii (Bebb) Dorn] : Reports of Salix lutea
Nuttall from NM referr to Salix eriocephala Michaux var. ligulifolia Ball
monticola Bebb [Dorn 1995; M&H; W&S]
park willow
Salix monticola Bebb var. neomexicana E.H. Kelso
Salix padophylla Rydberg
Salix pseudomonticola Ball var. padophylla (Rydberg) Ball
monticola Bebb. var. neomexicana E.H. Kelso = Salix monticola Bebb
myrtillifolia auctores non Andersson = Salix boothii Dorn
nigra Marshall [Dorn 2008; Great Plains Flora Association 1977, atlas]
black willow
nigra Marshall var. vallicola Dudley = Salix gooddingii Ball
nivalis Hooker var. nivalis = Salix reticulata Linnaeus subsp. nivalis (Hooker) Löve, Löve, &
Kapoor
nivalis Hooker var. saximontana (Rydberg) Schneid = Salix reticulata Linnaeus subsp. nivalis
(Hooker) Löve, Löve, & Kapoor
×pendulina Wenderoth = Salix babylonica Linnaeus
pentandra Linnaeus var. caudata Nuttall = Salix lucida Muhlenberg subsp. caudata (Nuttall) Murray
perrostrata Rydberg = Salix bebbiana Sargent
petraea Andersson = Salix arctica Pallas var. petraea (Andersson) Bebb
petrophila Rydberg = Salix arctica Pallas var. petraea (Andersson) Bebb
phylicifolia Linnaeus : This is an Eurasian species not occurring in NM; NM populations are
referred to Salix planifolia (Dorn pers. comm. 1995; Kartesz 1994).
phylicifolia Linnaeus var. monica (Bebb) Jepson = Salix planifolia Pursh
planifolia Pursh [M&H; W&S]
tea-leaf willow
Salix chlorophylla Andersson

439
 Salix phylicifolia Linnaeus var. monica (Bebb) Jepson
Salix planifolia Pursh var. monica (Bebb) Schneider
planifolia Pursh var. monica (Bebb) Schneider = Salix planifolia Pursh subsp. planifolia
podophylla Rydberg = Salix monticola Bebb
pseudocordata auctores non Andersson = Salix boothii Dorn
pseudolapponum von Seem = Salix glauca Linnaeus var. villosa Andersson
pseudomonticola Ball var. padophylla (Rydberg) Ball = Salix monticola Bebb
reticulata Linnaeus subsp. nivalis (Hooker) Löve, Löve, & Kapoor [Argus 1986; M&H;
W&S]
snow willow
Salix nivalis Hooker var. nivalis
Salix nivalis Hooker var. saximontana (Rydberg) Schneid
Salix saximontana Rydberg
rostrata Richards, not Thuiller = Salix bebbiana Sargent
saximontana Rydberg = Salix reticulata Linnaeus subsp. nivalis (Hooker) Löve, Löve, & Kapoor
scouleriana Barratt ex Hooker [Dorn 1977; M&H; W&S]
Scouler willow
×sepulcralis Simonkai = Salix babylonica Linnaeus
stenophylla Rydberg = Salix exigua Nuttall subsp. exigua
subcaerulea Piper = Salix drummondiana Barratt ex Hooker
taxifolia sensu M&H and W&S = Salix exilifolia Dorn
villosa D. Don ex Hooker = Salix glauca Linnaeus var. villosa Andersson
×wrightii Andersson [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s willow
Salix amygdaloides Andersson var. wrightii (Andersson) Schneider
wolfii Bebb var. wolfii [Dorn 2002]
Idaho willow

Family SANTALACEAE
Comandra bastard-toadflax
Laferrire, J.E. 1994. Santalaceae. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 27(2):240.
Piehl, M.A. 1965. The natural history and taxonomy of Comandra (Santalaceae). Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 22(1):1-97.
pallida A.P. de Candolle = Comandra umbellata (Linnaeus) Nuttall subsp. pallida (A.P. de Candolle)
Piehl
umbellata (Linnaeus) Nuttall subsp. pallida (A.P. de Candolle) Piehl [M&H; Piehl 1965;
W&S]
bastard-toadflax
Comandra pallida A.P. de Candolle

Family SAPINDACEAE
[Aceraceae, Hippocastanaceae]
Acer maple
Keller, A.C. 1942. Acer glabrum and its varieties. Amer. Midl. Nat. 27:491-500.
Murray, E. 1975. North American maples. Kalmia 7:1-20.
Sargent, C.S. 1933. Manual of the trees of North America. Houghton Mifflin Co.
Sibley, D.A. 2009. The Sibley Guide to Trees. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 426 pp. [Acer saccharum]
Worthington, R.D. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Acer grandidentatum
sinuosum]
brachypterum Wooton & Standley = Acer grandidentatum Nuttall var. sinuosum (Rehder) Little
glabrum Torrey var. glabrum [Keller 1942; M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain maple
glabrum Torrey var. neomexicanum (Greene) Kearny & Peebles [Keller 1942; M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain maple
Acer neomexicanum Greene
grandidentatum Nuttall var. brachypterum (Wooton & Standley) Palmer = Acer grandidentatum
Nuttall var. sinuosum (Rehder) Little
grandidentatum Nuttall var. grandidentatum [M&H; W&S]
canyon maple
grandidentatum Nuttall var. sinuosum (Rehder) Little [M&H; W&S; Worthington 2000]

440
 canyon maple
Acer brachypterum Wooton & Standley
Acer grandidentatum Nuttall var. brachypterum (Wooton & Standley) Palmer
Acer sinuosum Rehder
interius Britton = Acer negundo Linnaeus var. interius (Britton) Sargent
negundo Linnaeus var. arizonicum Sargent [Sargent 1933]
Arizona boxelder
negundo Linnaeus var. interius (Britton) Sargent [M&H; W&S]
boxelder
Acer interius Britton
Negundo interius (Britton) Rydberg
negundo Linnaeus var. texanum Pax [M&H] Note: The distribution of this species (east Texas and
eastward) seems to warrant a validation of its occurrence in NM.
Texas boxelder
neomexicanum Greene = Acer glabrum Torrey var. neomexicanum (Greene) Kearney & Peebles
*saccharum Marshall : Reported for NM by Sibley (2009); requires verification.
sinuosum Rehder = Acer grandidentatum Nuttall var. sinuosum (Rehder) Little
Negundo interius (Britton) Rydberg = Acer negundo Linnaeus var. interius (Britton) Sargent
Sapindus soapberry
drummondii Hooker & Arnott [M&H; W&S]
soapberry
Sapindus saponaria Linnaeus var. drummondii (Hooker & Arnott) L. Benson
saponaria Linnaeus var. drummondii (Hooker & Arnott) L. Benson = Sapindus drummondii Hooker
& Arnott
Ungnadia Mexican-buckeye
speciosa Endlicher [M&H; W&S]
Mexican-buckeye

Family SAPOTACEAE
Pennington, T.D. 1990. Sapotaceae. Flora Neotrop. Monogr. 52:95-172.
Pennington, T.D. 1991. The genera of Sapotaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England.
Bumelia lanuginosa (Michaux) Persoon var. rigida Gray = Sideroxylon lanuginosm Michaux subsp.
rigidum (Gray) Pennington
rigida (Gray) Small = Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michaux subsp. rigidum (Gray) Pennington
Sideroxylon bumelia
Clark, R.B. 1942. A revision of the genus Bumelia in the United States. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29:155-182.
Elisens, W.J. & J.M. Jones. 2009. Sideroxylon, p. 236-244. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University
Press.
lanuginosum Michaux subsp. rigidum (Gray) Pennington [Elisens & Jones 2009; M&H;
Pennington 1990; W&S]
gumbully
Bumelia lanuginosa (Michaux) Persoon var. rigida Gray
Bumelia rigida (Gray) Small

Family SAURURACEAE
Buddell, G.F., II, & J.W. Thieret. 1997. Saururaceae, pp. 37-38. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University
Press.
Anemia californica Nuttall = Anemopsis californica (Nuttall) Hooker & Arnott
Anemopsis yerba-mansa
californica (Nuttall) Hooker & Arnott [Buddell & Thieret 1997; M&H; W&S]
yerba-mansa
Anemia californica Nuttall

Family SAXIFRAGACEAE
Spongberg, S.A. 1972. The genera of Saxifragaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 53:409-498.
Boykinia jamesii (Torrey) Engler = Telesonix jamesii (Torrey) Rafinesque
Fendlera = see HYDRANGEACEAE
Fendlerella = see HYDRANGEACEAE

441
Heuchera alumroot
Alexander, P.J. 2008. Heuchera woodsiaphila (Saxifragaceae), a new species from the Capitan Mountains of New
Mexico. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1):447-453.
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Heuchera hallii]
Rosendahl, C.O., F.K. Butters, & O. Lakela. 1936. A monograph on the genus Heuchera. Minnesota Stud. Pl. Sci. 2:1-
180.
Todsen, T.K. 1982. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 29:60. [Heuchera glomerulata]
Wells, E.F. & B.G. Shipes. 2009. Heuchera, p. 84-104. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
flavescens Rydberg = Heuchera parvifolia Nuttall
glomerulata Rosendahl, Butters, & Lakela [Todsen 1982; Wells & Shipes 2009]
Chiricahua alumroot
hallii Gray [Hartman et al. 2006]
Front Range alumroot
leptomeria Greene = Heuchera rubescens Torrey
nana (Gray) Rydberg = Heuchera rubescens Torrey
novamexicana Wheelock [M&H; W&S; Wells & Shipes 2009]
New Mexico alumroot
parvifolia Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray [M&H; W&S; Wells & Shipes 2009]
little-leaf alumroot
Heuchera flavescens Rydberg
Heuchera parvifolia Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. flavescens (Rydberg) Rosendahl et al.
Heuchera parvifolia Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. microcarpa Rosendahl, Butters, &
Lakela
parvifolia Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. flavescens (Rydberg) Rosendahl et al. = Heuchera
parvifolia Nuttall
parvifolia Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. microcarpa Rosendahl, Butters, & Lakela = Heuchera
parvifolia Nuttall
pulchra Rydberg = Heuchera sanguinea Engelmann
+pulchella Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S; Wells & Shipes 2009]
Sandia alumroot
rubescens Torrey [M&H; W&S; Wells & Shipes 2009]
pink alumroot
Heuchera leptomeria Greene
Heuchera nana (Gray) Rydberg
Heuchera rubescens Torrey var. nana Gray
Heuchera sitgreavesii Rydberg
Heuchera versicolor Greene
Heuchera versicolor Greene var. leptomeria (Greene) Kearney & Peebles
rubescens Torrey var. nana Gray = Heuchera rubescens Torrey
sanguinea Engelmann [M&H; Todsen 1973; Wells & Shipes 2009]
coral-bells
Heuchera pulchra Rydberg
Heuchera sanguinea Engelmann var. pulchra (Rydberg) Rosendahl et al.
sanguinea Engelmann var. pulchra (Rydberg) Rosendahl et al. = Heuchera sanguinea Engelmann
versicolor Greene s.s. = Heuchera rubescens Torrey
versicolor Greene var. leptomeria (Greene) Kearney & Peebles = Heuchera rubescens Torrey
sitgreavesii Rydberg = Heuchera rubescens Torrey
+woodsiaphila P.J. Alexander [Alexander 2008]
Capitan alumroot
+wootonii Rydberg [M&H; W&S; Wells & Shipes 2009]
Wooton’s alumroot
Jamesia = see HYDRANGEACEAE
Leptasea austromontana (Wiegand) Small = Saxifraga bronchialis Linnaeus subsp. austromontana
(Wiegand) Piper
chrysantha (Gray) Small = Saxifraga chrysantha Gray
flagellaris (Willdenow) Small = Saxifraga flagellaris Willdenow
Lithophragma woodland-star
Heil, K. & S. O'Kane. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 41:7. [Lithophragma glabrum]

442
 Taylor, R.L. 1965. The genus Lithophragma (Saxifragaceae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 37:1-122.
Taylor, R.L. 2009. Lithophragma, p. 77-83. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
australis Rydberg = Lithophragma tenella Nuttall
glabrum Nuttall [Heil & O’Kane 2007]
bulbous woodland-star
tenellum Nuttall [M&H; Taylor 2009; W&S]
woodland-star
Lithophragma australis Rydberg
Micranthes saxifrage
Brouillet, L. & P.E. Elvander. 2009. Micranthes, p. 49-70. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University
Press.
arguta (D. Don) Small = Micranthes odontoloma Piper
eriophora (S. Watson) Small [Brouillet & Elvander 2009; M&H; W&S]
red-fuzz saxifrage
Saxifraga eriophora S. Watson
odontoloma (Piper) A.A. Heller [Brouillet & Elvander 2009; M&H; W&S]
streambank saxifrage
Micranthes arguta auctores non (D. Don) Small
Saxifraga arguta auctores non D. Don
Saxafraga odontoloma Piper
Saxifraga punctata Linnaeus subsp. arguta auctores non (D. Don) Hultén
Saxifraga punctata Linnaeus var. arguta auctores non (D. Don) Engelmann & Irmscher
rhomboidea (Greene) Small [Brouillet & Elvander 2009; Elvander 1984; M&H; W&S]
diamond-leaf saxifrage
Saxifraga rhomboidea Greene
Mitella bishop’s-cap
Ferguson, T. 2005. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 34:7. [Mitella pentandra]
Heil, K. & S. O'Kane. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 41:7. [Mitella pentandra, Mitella
stauropetala stenopetala]
Soltis, D.E. & C.C. Freeman. 2009. Mitella, p. 108-114. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
pentandra Linnaeus [Heil & O’Kane 2007; Ferguson 2005]
five-star bishop’s-cap
stauropetala Piper var. stenopetala (Piper) Rosendahl [Heil & O’Kane 2007]
small-flower bishop’s-cap
Mitella stenopetala Piper
stenopetala Piper = Mitella stauropetala Piper var. stenopetala Piper
Parnassia = see PARNASSIACEAE
Philadelphus = see HYDRANGEACEAE
Ribes = see GROSSULARIACEAE
Saxifraga saxifrage
Brouillet, L. & P.E. Elvander. 2009. Saxifraga, p. 132-146. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University
Press.
Calder, J.A. & D.B.O. Saville. 1960. Studies in Saxifragaceae III. Saxifraga odontoloma and lyallii, and North
American subspecies of S. punctata. Canad. J. Bot. 38:409-435.
Elvander, P. 1984. The taxonomy of Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae) section Boraphila subsection Integrifoliae in western
North America. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 3:1-44.
Gornall, R.J. 1987. An outline of a revised classification of Saxifraga L. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 95:273-292.
Heil, K. & S. O'Kane. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 41:7. [Saxifraga hyperborea]
Jorgensen, M.H., R. Elven, A. Tribsch, T.M. Gabrielsen, B. Stedje, & C. Brochmann. 2006. Taxonomy and
evolutionary relationships in the Saxifraga rivularis complex. Syst. Bot. 31(4):702-729.
Keller, C.F. 2006. Plant distribution reports (Saxifraga hirculus). The New Mexico Botanist 35:3.
Krause, D.L. & K.I. Beamish. 1972. Taxonomy of Saxifraga occidentalis and S. marshallii. Can. J. Bot. 50:2131-
2141. [Saxifraga occidentalis]
arguta auctores non D. Don = Micranthes odontoloma (Piper) A.A. Heller
austromontana Wiegand = Saxifraga bronchialis Linnaeus subsp. austromontana (Wiegand) Piper
bronchialis Linnaeus subsp. austromontana (Wiegand) Piper [Brouillet & Elvander 2009;
M&H; W&S]
yellow-spot saxifrage
Leptasea austromontana (Wiegand) Small
Saxifraga austromontana Wiegand

443
 caespitosa Linnaeus [Brouillet & Elvander 2009; Holmgren & Holmgren 1997]
tufted saxifrage
cernua Linnaeus [Brouillet & Elvander 2009; M&H; W&S]
nodding saxifrage
chrysantha Gray [Brouillet & Elvander 2009; M&H; W&S]
golden saxifrage
Leptasea chrysantha (Gray) Small
Saxifraga serpyllifolia Pursh subsp. chrysantha (Gray) Weber
Saxifraga serpyllifolia Pursh var. chrysantha (Gray) Dorn
crandallii Gandoger = Saxifraga flagellaris Willdenow ex Sternberg var. crandallii (Gandoger) Dorn
debilis Engelmann [Bruouillet & Elvander 2009; Heil & O’Kane 2007]
pygmy saxifrage
Saxifraga hyperborean R. Brown subsp. debilis (Engelmann) A. Löve, D. Löve, & B.M.
Kapoor
flagellaris Willdenow ex Sternberg var. crandallii (Gandoger) Dorn [Brouillet & Elvander
2009; M&H; W&S]
whiplash saxifrage
Leptasea flagellaris (Willdenow) Small
Saxifraga crandallii Gandoger
hirculus Linnaeus subsp. hirculus [Brouillet & Elvander 2009; Keller 2006]
marsh saxifrage
hyperborea R. Brown subsp. debilis (Engelmann) A. Löve, D. Löve, & B.M. Kapoor = Saxifraga
debilis Engelmann
jamesii Torrey = Telesonix jamesii (Torrey) Rafinesque
occidentalis S. Watson [=Micranthes occidentalis (S. Watson) Small)] : Reported “occasionally as
far south as New Mexico” by Krause and Beamish (1972); other works do not list
NM; awaits verification.
punctata Linnaeus subsp. arguta auctores non (D. Don) Hultén = Micranthes odontoloma (Piper)
A.A. Heller
punctata Linnaeus var. arguta auctores non (D. Don) Engelmann & Irmscher = Micranthes
odontoloma (Piper) A.A. Heller
rhomboidea Greene = Micranthes rhomboidea (Greene) Small
rivularis Linnaeus : Reported by M&H, but our plants are referred to Saxifraga debilis Engelmann;
Saxifraga rivularis occurrs in northern Canada, Alaska, and Greenland.
serpyllifolia Pursh var. chrysantha (Gray) Dorn = Saxifraga chrysantha Gray
serpyllifolia Pursh subsp. chrysantha (Gray) Weber = Saxifraga chrysantha Gray
Telesonix telesonix
Gornall, R.J. & B.A. Bohm. 1985. A monograph of Boykinia, Peltoboykinia, Bolandra, and Siksdorfia
(Saxifragaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 90:1-71.
Gornall, R.J. 2009. Telesonix, p. 116-117. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
James’s telesonix
jamesii (Torrey) Rafinesque [Gornal & Bohm 1985]
Boykinia jamesii (Torrey) Engler
Saxifraga jamesii Torrey

Family SCROPHULARIACEAE
Olmstead, R.G., C.W. dePamphilis, A.D. Wolfe, N.D. Young, W.J. Elisens, & P.A. Reeves. 2001. Disintegration of
the Scrophulariaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 88(2):348-361.
Agalinus = see OROBANCHACEAE
Andenostegia = see OROBANCHACEAE
Antirrhinum = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Bacopa = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Besseya = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Brachystigma = see OROBANCHACEAE
Buchnera = see OROBANCHACEAE
Castilleja = see OROBANCHACEAE
Chelone = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Collinsia = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Conobea = see PLANTAGINACEAE

444
Cordylanthus = see OROBANCHACEAE
Dasystoma = see OROBANCHACEAE
Elephantella = see OROBANCHACEAE
Epixiphium = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Gerardia = see OROBANCHACEAE
Gratiola = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Illysanthes = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Leiostemon = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Leucophyllum Texas sage
Henrickson, J. & L.D. Flyr. 1985. Systematics of Leucophyllum and Eremogeton (Scrophulariaceae). Sida 11(2):107-
172.
minus Gray [Henrickson & Flyr 1985; M&H; W&S]
Big Bend Texas sage
Limosella = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Linaria = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Lindernia = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Maurandella = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Maurandya = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Mecardonia = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Mimulus = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Monniera = see OROBANCHACEAE
Nuttallanthus = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Orthocarpus = see OROBANCHACEAE
Pagesia = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Pedicularis = see OROBANCHACEAE
Penstemon = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Rhinanthus = see OROBANCHACEAE
Schistophragma = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Scrophularia figwort
Shaw, R.J. 1962. The biosystematics of Scrophularia in western North America. Aliso 5:147-178.
Todsen, T.K. 1978. Scrophularia laevis (Scrophulariaceae) a legitimate species. Madroño 25:106-107.
coccinea Gray = Scrophularia macrantha Greene ex Stiefelhagen
+laevis Wooton & Standley [M&H; Shaw 1962; Todsen 1978; W&S]
Organ Mountain figwort
lanceolata Pursh [M&H]
lance-leaf figwort
+macrantha Greene ex Stiefelhagen [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico figwort
Scrophularia coccinea Gray
Scrophularia neomexicana Shaw
+montana Wooton [M&H; W&S]
mountain figwort
neomexicana Shaw = Scrophularia macrantha Greene ex Stiefelhagen [Shaw 1962:170, ed. note].
parviflora Wooton & Standley [M&H; W&S]
piney figwort
Synthyris = see PLANTAGINACEAE
Verbascum mullein
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Verbascum virgatum]
Hershey, A.L. & P.J. Leyendecker, Jr. 1944. Notes on plants of New Mexico – III. Leafl. West. Bot. 4(2):21-25.
[Verbascum blattaria]
*blattaria Linnaeus [Hershey & Leyendecker 1944; M&H]
white mullein
*thapsus Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
moth mullein
*virgatum Stokes [Allred 1999]
wand mullein
Veronica = see PLANTAGINACEAE

445
 Family SILENACEAE = CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Family SIMAROUBACEAE
Ailanthus tree-of-heaven
*altissima (Miller) Swingle [M&H; W&S]
tree-of-heaven
Ailanthus gladulosa Desfontaines
Toxicodendron altissimum Miller (Anacardiaceae)
gladulosa Desfontaines = Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle

Family SOLANACEAE
Androcera novomexicana (Bartlett) Wooton & Standley = Solanum heterodoxum Dunal var.
novomexicanum Bartlett
rostrata (Dunal) Rydberg = Solanum rostratum Dunal
Calibrachoa petunia
Wijsman, H.J.W. 1990. On the inter-relationships of certain species of Petunia VI. New names for the species of
Calibrachoa formerly included into Petunia (Solanaceae). Acta Bot. Neerl. 39:101-102.
Wijsman, H.J.W. & J.H. deJong. 1985. On the inter-relationships of certain species of Petunia IV. Hybridization
between P. linearis and P. calycina and nomenclatorial consequences in the Petunia group. Acta Bot. Neerl.
34:337-349.
*parviflora (Jussieu) D'Arcy [M&H; W&S]
seaside petunia
Petunia parviflora Jussieu
Capsicum baccatum Linnaeus : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
Chamaesaracha five-eyes
Averett, J.E. 1973. Biosystematic study of Chamaesaracha (Solanaceae). Rhodora 75:325-365.
Henrickson, J. 2009. New names in Chamaesaracha (Solanaceae). Phytologia 91(1): 186-188.
Worthington, R.D. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 20:8. [Chamaesaracha
edwardsiana]
coniodes auctores non (Moricand ex Dunal ) Britton = Chamaesaracha texensis Henrickson
coniodes (Moricand ex Dunal) Britton : Reported by various authors, but our plants belong to
Chamaesaracha texensis Henrickson (Henrickson 2009).
Solanum coniodes Moricand ex Dunal
arida Henrickson [Averett 1973; Henrickson 2009; M&H; W&S]
green-leaf five-eyes
Chamaesaracha coronopus auctores non (Dunal) Gray
coronopus auctores non (Dunal) Gray = Chamaesaracha arida Henrickson
coronopus (Dunal) Gray : Reported by various western authors, but our plants belong to
Chamaesaracha arida Henrickson (Henrickson 2009).
Solanum coronopus Dunal
edwardsiana Averett [Worthington 2001]
Edwards Plateau five-eyes
pallida Averett [Averett 1973]
pale five-eyes
sordida (Dunal) Gray [Averett 1973]
hairy five-eyes
Withania sordida Dunal
texensis Henrickson [Averett 1973; M&H; W&S]
gray five-eyes
Chamaesaracha coniodes auctores non (Moricand ex Dunal ) Britton
Datura thorn-apple
Allred, K.W. 2004. Datura (Solanaceae) in New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 30:5.
Avery, A.G., S.Satina, & J. Rietsema. 1959. The genus Datura. Chronica Botanica No. 20, The Ronald Press, New
York. 289 pp.
Barclay, A.S. 1959. New considerations in an old genus: Datura. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard 18:245-272.
Bye, R. 2001. Vascular Plants of Arizona: Solanaceae. Part One. Datura L. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 33(1):58-64.
[Datura ceratocaula]
Ewan, J. 1944. Taxonomic history of perennial southwestern Datura meteloides. Rhodora 46:317-323.
meteloides DC. ex Dunal = Datura inoxia P. Miller

446
 meteloides of NM authors = Datura wrightii Regel
*ceratocaula Ortega [Allred 2004; Bye 2001]
Mexican thorn-apple
ferox auctores non L. = Datura quercifolia Kunth
*inoxia P. Miller [Allred 2004; M&H]
downy thorn-apple
Datura meteloides DC. ex Dunal
inoxia P. Miller subsp. quinquecuspida (Torrey) Barclay = Datura wrightii Regel
meteloides auctores, misapplied = Datura wrightii Hort ex Regel
*quercifolia Kunth [Allred 2004; M&H; W&S]
oak-leaf thorn-apple
Datura ferox auctores non Linnaeus
*stramonium Linnaeus [Allred 2004; M&H; W&S]
jimsonweed
Datura stramonium Linnaeus var. tatula (Linnaeus) Torrey
Datura tatula Linnaeus
stramonium Linnaeus var. tatula (Linnaeus) Torrey = Datura stramonium Linnaeus
tatula Linnaeus = Datura stramonium Linnaeus
wrightii Hort ex Regel [Allred 2004; M&H]
sacred thorn-apple
Datura inoxia P. Miller subsp. quinquecuspida (Torrey) Barclay
Datura meteloides auctores, misapplied
Hyoscyamus henbane
*niger Linnaeus [M&H]
black henbane
Lycium wolfberry
Feinbrun, N. & W.T. Stearn. 1963. Typification of Lycium barbarum L., L. afrum L, and L. europaeum L. Israel J.
Bot. 12:114-123.
Hall, H.H. & S. Flowers. 1961. Vascular plants found in the Navajo Reservoir Basin, pp. 47-87. IN: D.M. Pendergast
(ed.). Ecological studies of the flora and fauna of Navajo Reservoir Basin, Colorado and New Mexico. Univ.
Utah Anthropological Papers, number 55.
Hitchcock, C.L. 1932. A monographic study of the genus Lycium of the western hemisphere. Ann. Missouri Bot.
Gard. 19:179-374.
andersonii Gray [Hitchcock 1932; M&H]
Anderson’s wolfberry
*barbarum Linnaeus [Hitchcock 1932; M&H; W&S]
matrimony-vine
Lycium halimifolium Miller
Lycium vulgare (Aiton) Dunal
berlandieri Dunal var. berlandieri [Hitchcock 1932; M&H]
silver wolfberry
berlandieri Dunal var. parviflorum (Gray) Terracciono [Hitchcock 1932; M&H; W&S]
silver wolfberry
Lycium parviflorum Gray
halimifolium Miller = Lycium barbarum Linnaeus
pallidum Miers [Hitchcock 1932; M&H; W&S]
pale wolfberry
parishii A. Gray : Reported by Hall & Flowers (1961), but known only from southern California,
western Arizona, and Mexico; awaits verification.
parviflorum Gray = Lycium berlandieri Dunal var. parviflorum (Gray) Terracciono
torreyi Gray [Hitchcock 1932; M&H; W&S]
Torrey’s wolfberry
vulgare (Aiton) Dunal = Lycium barbarum Linnaeus
Margaranthus purpurascens Rydberg = Physalis solanacea (Schlechtendal) Axelius
solanaceus Schlechtendal = Physalis solanacea (Schlechtendal) Axelius
Nicotiana tobacco
Goodspeed, T.H. 1954. The genus Nicotiana. Chronica Botanica 16:1-536.
attenuata Torrey ex S. Watson [M&H; W&S]

447
 coyote tobacco
*glauca Graham [M&H; W&S]
tree tobacco
*rustica Linnaeus : Reported for NM by Fernald (1950), but not mentioned by any other
southwestern works; perhaps refers to Nicotiana trigonophylla; needs verification.
trigonophylla Dunal [M&H; W&S]
desert tobacco
Petunia parviflora Jussieu = Calibrachoa parviflora (Jussieu) D'Arcy
Physalis ground-cherry
Axelius, B. 1995. A new combination in Physalis (Solanaceae). Phytologia 79(1):10-11.
Heil, K.D. & S.L. O'Kane, Jr. 2003. Catalog of the Four Corners flora: Vascular plants of the San Juan River drainage,
Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah. Harvard Papers in Botany 7(2):321-379. [Physalis crassifolia]
Kartesz, J.T. & K.N. Gandhi. 1994. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora. XIII. Phytologia 76(6):441-
457. [Physalis ixocarpa]
Menzel, M.Y. 1951. The cytotaxonomy and genetics of Physalis. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 95:134-185.
Sullivan, J.R. 1985. Systematics of the Physalis viscosa complex (Solanaceae). Syst. Bot. 10(4):426-444.
Waterfall, U.T. 1958. A taxonomic study of the genus Physalis in North America north of Mexico. Rhodora 60:107-
114, 128-142, 152-173.
acutifolia (Miers) Sandwith [M&H; W&S]
pointed ground-cherry
Saracha acutifolia Miers
angulata Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
cut-leaf ground-cherry
Physalis angulata Linnaeus var. lanceifolia (Nees) Waterfall
Physalis lanceifolia Nees
angulata Linnaeus var. lanceifolia (Nees) Waterfall = Physalis angulata Linnaeus
caudella Standley [M&H]
southwestern ground-cherry
cinerascens (Dunal) A.S. Hitchcock var. cinerascens [M&H; Sullivan 1985; W&S]
Texas ground-cherry
Physalis mollis Nuttall var. cinerascens (Dunal) Gray
Physalis pennsylvanica Linnaeus var. cinerascens Dunal
Physalis viscosa Linnaeus var. cinerascens (Dunal) Waterfall
comata Rydberg = Physalis hederifolia Gray var. comata (Rydberg) Waterfall
crassifolia Bentham : Reported by Heil & O’Kane (2003), but this mostly a Mohave/Sonoran desert
species; awaits verification.
fendleri A. Gray var. cordifolia Gray = Physalis hederifolia Gray var. cordifolia (Gray) Waterfall
foetens Poiret var. neomexicana (Rydberg) Waterfall ex Kartesz & Ghandi [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico ground-cherry
Physalis neomexicana Rydberg
hederifolia Gray var. comata (Rydberg) Waterfall [M&H; W&S]
ivy-leaf ground-cherry
Physalis comata Rydberg
hederifolia Gray var. fendleri (Gray) Cronquist [M&H; W&S]
ivy-leaf ground-cherry
Physalis fendleri Gray
Physalis fendleri Gray var. cordifolia Gray
Physalis hederifolia Gray var. cordifolia (Gray) Waterfall
hederifolia Gray var. fendleri (Gray) Cronquist = Physalis hederifolia Gray ver. fendleri (Gray)
Cronquist
hederifolia Gray var. hederifolia [M&H; W&S]
ivy-leaf ground-cherry
heterophylla Nees : Reported as expected by M&H map; awaits verification.
hirsuta Martens & Galeotti var. integrifolia Dunal = Physalis pubescens Linnaeus var. integrifolia
(Dunal) Waterfall
hispida (Waterfall) Cronquist [M&H]
prairie ground-cherry
Physalis lanceolata sensu W&S

448
 Physalis virginiana Miller var. hispida Waterfall
*ixocarpa Brotero ex Hornemann [M&H; W&S]
Mexican ground-cherry
lanceifolia Nees = Physalis angulata Linnaeus var. lanceifolia (Nees) Waterfall
lanceolata sensu W&S = Physalis hispida (Waterfall) Cronquist
lobata Torrey = Quincula lobata (Torrey) Rafinesque
longifolia Nuttall var. longifolia [M&H; W&S]
long-leaf ground-cherry
Physalis pumila Nuttall var. sonorae Torrey
Physalis virginiana Miller var. sonorae (Torrey) Waterfall
longifolia Nuttall var. subglabrata (Mackenzie & Bush) Cronquist [M&H; W&S]
long-leaf ground-cherry
Physalis macrophysa Rydberg
Physalis subglabrata Mackenzie & Bush
Physalis virginiana Miller var. subglabrata (Mackenzie & Bush) Waterfall
macrophysa Rydberg = Physalis longifolia Nuttall var. subglabrata (Mackenzie & Bush) Cronquist
mollis Nuttall var. cinerascens (Dunal) Gray = Physalis cinerascens (Dunal) A.S. Hitchcock var.
cinerascens
neomexicana Rydberg = Physalis foetens Poiret var. neomexicana (Rydberg) Waterfall
pennsylvanica Linnaeus var. cinerascens Dunal = Physalis cinerascens (Dunal) A.S. Hitchcock var.
cinerascens
polyphylla Greene = Physalis virginiana Miller var. polyphylla (Greene) Waterfall
pubescens Linnaeus var. integrifolia (Dunal) Waterfall [M&H; W&S]
husk-tomato
Physalis hirsuta Martens & Galeotti var. integrifolia Dunal
pumila Nuttall var. sonorae Torrey = Physalis longifolia Nuttall var. longifolia
solanacea (Schlechtendal) Axelius [M&H; W&S]
netted globe-cherry
Margaranthus purpurascens Rydberg
Margaranthus solanaceus Schlechtendal
subglabrata Mackenzie & Bush = Physalis longifolia Nuttall var. subglabrata (Mackenzie & Bush)
Cronquist
+virginiana Miller var. campaniforma Waterfall [M&H]
bell-flower ground-cherry
virginiana Miller var. hispida Waterfall = Physalis hispida (Waterfall) Cronquist
virginiana Miller var. polyphylla (Greene) Waterfall [M&H]
Virginia ground-cherry
Physalis polyphylla Greene
virginiana Miller var. sonorae (Torrey) Waterfall = Physalis longifolia Nuttall var. longifolia
virginiana Miller var. subglabrata (Mackenzie & Bush) Waterfall = Physalis longifolia Nuttall var.
subglabrata (Mackenzie & Bush) Cronquist
viscosa Linnaeus var. cinerascens (Dunal) Waterfall = Physalis cinerascens (Dunal) A.S. Hitchcock
var. cinerascens
wrightii Gray = Physalis acutifolia (Miers) Sandwith
Quincula Chinese lanterns
lobata (Torrey) Rafinesque [M&H; W&S]
Chinese lanterns
Physalis lobata Torrey
Salpichroa origanifolia (Lamarck) Baillon, lily-of-the-valley-vine, has been found growing on White
Sands Missile Range (Doña Ana County), along a residential fence; it is not yet
known as an escape in NM.
Saracha acutifolia Miers = Physalis acutifolia (Miers) Sandwith
Solanum nightshade, horsenettle
Correll, D.S. 1962. The potato and its wild relatives : section Tuberarium of the genus Solanum. Texas Research
Foundation, Renner, Texas. [Solanum bulbocastanum]
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Solanum dulcamara]
Schilling, E.E. 1981. Systematics of Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanaceae) in North America. Syst. Bot. 6(2):172-185.

449
Schilling, E.E. & C.B. Heiser. 1979. Crossing relationships among diploid species of the Solanum nigrum complex in
North America. Amer. J. Bot. 66:709-716.
Spellenberg, R. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 19:3. [Solanum dimidiatum]
Spellenberg, R. 2003. Prickly problems. The New Mexico Botanist 25:8. [Solanum carolinense]
Spooner, D.M., R.G. van den Berg, A. Rodriguez, J. Bamberg, R.J. Hijmans, & S.I. Lara Cabrera. 2004. Wild potatoes
(Solanum section Petota; Solanaceae) of North and Central America. Systematic Botany Monographs 68:1-
209.
Stebbins, G.L. & E.F. Paddock. 1949. The Solanum nigrum complex in Pacific North America. Madroño 10:70-81.
Whalen, M.D. 1976. New taxa of Solanum, section Androceras from Mexico and adjacent United States. Wrightia
5(7):228-239.
Whalen, M.D. 1979. Taxonomy of Solanum sect. Androceras. Gent. Herb. 11:359-426.
americanum Miller = Solanum nigrum L.
arizonicum Parish = Solanum douglasii Dunal
bulbocastanum Dunal [Correll 1952] Note: Correll (1952) calls attention to the questionable collection of
this species from San Miguel County (G); perhaps the specimen represents a one-time escape
that has not persisted?
ornamental nightshade
*carolinense Linnaeus [Spellenberg 2003]
Carolina horse-nettle
citrullifolium A. Braun : Reported by Great Plains Flora Association (1977, atlas), but the plants in
question were corrected to Solanum heterodoxum Dunal var. setigeroides M.D.
Whalen [Great Plains Flora Association 1986].
coniodes Moricand ex Dunal = Chamaesaracha coniodes (Moricand ex Dunal ) Britton
coronopus Dunal = Chamaesaracha coronopus (Dunal) Gray
*dimidiatum Rafinesque [Spellenberg 2001]
western horse-nettle
douglasii Dunal [M&H; W&S]
Arizona nightshade
Solanum arizonicum Parish
*dulcamara Linnaeus [Heil et al. 2002]
climbing nightshade
elaeagnifolium Cavanilles [M&H; W&S]
silverleaf nightshade
fendleri Gray ex Torrey = Solanum stoloniferum Schlectendal
heterodoxum Dunal var. heterodoxum of NM reports = Solanum heterodoxum Dunal var.
novomexicanum Barlett
heterodoxum Dunal var. novomexicanum Bartlett [M&H; W&S]
melon-leaf nightshade
Androcera novomexicana (Bartlett) Wooton & Standley
Solanum heterodoxum Dunal var. heterodoxum of NM reports
heterodoxum Dunal var. setigeroides M.D. Whalen [Whalen 1976, 1979]
melon-leaf nightshade
interius Rydberg = Solanum nigrum Linnaeus
jamesii Torrey [M&H; Schilling 1981; W&S]
wild potato
*nigrum Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
black nightshade
Solanum americanum Miller
Solanum interius Rydberg
Solanum ptychanthum Dunal
physalifolium Rusby = Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner
ptychanthum Dunal = Solanum nigrum Linnaeus
rostratum Dunal [M&H; W&S]
buffalo-bur
Androcera rostrata (Dunal) Rydberg
*sarrachoides Sendtner [M&H; W&S]
hairy nightshade
Solanum physalifolium Rusby
Solanum villosum sensu W&S

450
 stoloniferum Schlectendal [M&H; W&S]
Fendler’s nightshade
Solanum fendleri Gray ex Torrey
*triflorum Nuttall [M&H; W&S]
cut-leaf nightshade
villosum sensu W&S = Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner
Withania sordida Dunal = Chamaesaracha sordida (Dunal) Gray

Family STERCULIACEAE
Ayenia ayenia
Cristobal, C.L. 1960. Revision del genero Ayenia (Sterculiaceae). Lilloana 4:1-230.
filiformis S. Watson [Cristobal 1960]
Trans-Pecos ayenia
microphylla Gray [Cristobal 1960; M&H]
little-leaf ayenia
pilosa Cristobal [Cristobal 1960]
hairy ayenia
pusilla Linnaeus : Reported by M&H, but not occurring in NM [Cristobal 1960].

Family TAMARICACEAE
Tamarix saltcedar, tamarisk
Allred, K.W. 2002. Identification and taxonomy of Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) in New Mexico. Desert Plants 18(2):26-
32.
Gaskin, J.F. & B.A. Schaal. 2003. Molecular phylogenetic investigation of U.S. invasive Tamarix. Syst. Bot.
28(1):86-95.
*aphylla (Linnaeus) Karsten (athel tamarisk) : Cultivated as a landscape ornamental in southern
NM, but not yet known as an escape.
*chinensis Loureiro [Allred 2002; M&H]
saltcedar
Tamarix pentandra Pallas, nom. illeg.
Tamarix ramosissima Ledebour
*gallica Linnaeus [Allred 2002; M&H; W&S]
French tamarisk
*parviflora A.P. de Candolle [Allred 2002]
small-flowered tamarisk
pentandra Pallas = Tamarix chinensis Loureiro
ramosissima Ledebour = Tamarix chinensis Loureiro

Family THEOPHRASTACEAE
Cholewa, A.F. 2009. Theophrastaceae, p. 251-256. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 8. Oxford University Press.
Samolus brookweed
Henrickson, J. 1983. A revision of Samolus ebracteatus (sensu lato) (Primulaceae). Southw. Naturalist 28(3):303-314.
cuneatus Small = Samolus ebracteatus Kunth var. cuneatus (Small) Henrickson
ebracteatus Kunth var. cuneatus (Small) Henrickson [Henrickson 1983; M&H; W&S]
limey brookweed
Samolus cuneatus Small
ebracteatus Kunth var. ebracteatus : Reported by M&H, but not yet known from NM [Henrickson
1983].
valerandi Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
sea-side brookweed
Samolus floribundus Kunth
floribundus Kunth = Amolus valerandi Linnaeus

Family ULMACEAE
Sherman-Broyles, S.L., W.T. Barker, & L.M. Schulz. 1997. Ulmaceae, pp. 368-380. IN: Flora of North America, vol.
3. Oxford University Press.
Celtis = see Cannabaceae

451
Ulmus elm
Sibley, D.A. 2009. The Sibley Guide to Trees. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 426 pp. [Ulmus americana, U. parvifolia,
U. rubra]
*americana Linnaeus : Reported for NM by Sibley (2009); requires verification.
*parvifolia Jacquin : Reported for NM by Sibley; requires verification.
*pumila Linnaeus [M&H; Sherman-Broyles et al. 1997]
Siberian elm
*rubra Muhlenberg : Reported for NM by Sibley (2009); requires verification.

Family UMBELLIFERAE = APIACEAE

Family URTICACEAE
Boufford, D.E. 1992. Urticaceae. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 26(1):42-49.
Boufford, D.E. 1997. Urticaceae, pp. 400-413. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
Boehmeria false-nettle
cylindrica (Linnaeus) Swartz [Boufford 1997; M&H; W&S]
false-nettle
Boehmeria cylindrica (Linnaeus) Swartz var. drummondiana Weddell
Boehmeria scabra (Porter) Small
Urtica cylindrica Linnaeus
cylindrica (Linnaeus) Swartz var. drummondiana Weddell = Boehmeria cylindrica (Linnaeus)
Swartz
scabra (Porter) Small = Boehmeria cylindrica (Linnaeus) Swartz
Parietaria pellitory
floridana auctores non Nuttall = Parietaria hespera B.D. Hinton var. hespera
hespera B.D. Hinton var. hespera [Boufford 1997; M&H; W&S]
pellitory
Parietaria floridana auctores non Nuttall
Parietaria obtusa Rydberg
obtusa Rydberg = Parietaria hespera B.D. Hinton var. hespera
pensylvanica Muhlenberg ex Willdenow [Boufford 1997; M&H; W&S]
Pennsylvania pellitory
Urtica nettle
Boufford, D.E. 1997. Urticaceae, pp. 400-413. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 3. Oxford University Press. [Urtica
urens]
Woodland, D.W. 1982. Biosystematics of the perennial North American taxa of Urtica. II. Taxonomy. Syst. Bot.
7(3):282-290.
cylindrica Linnaeus = Boehmeria cylindrica (Linnaeus) Swartz
dioica Linnaeus subsp. gracilis (Aiton) Selander [Boufford 1997; M&H; W&S]
stinging nettle
Urtica gracilis Aiton
dioica Linnaeus subsp. holosericea (Nuttall) Thorne [Boufford 1997; M&H]
stinging nettle
Urtica holosericea Nuttall
Urtica serra sensu M&H
gracilenta Greene [Boufford 1997; M&H; W&S]
mountain nettle
gracilis Aiton = Urtica dioica Linnaeus subsp. gracilis (Aiton) Selander
holosericea Nuttall = Urtica dioica Linnaeus subsp. holosericea (Nuttall) Thorne
serra sensu M&H = Urtica dioica Linnaeus subsp. holosericea (Nuttall) Thorne
*urens Linnaeus [Boufford 1997]
burning nettle

Family VACCINIACEAE = ERICACEAE

Family VALERIANACEAE = CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Family VERBENACEAE

452
 Moldenke, H.N. 1980. A sixth summary of the Verbenaceae, Avicenniaceae, Stilbaceae, Chloanthaceae,
Symphoremaceae, Nyctanthaceae, and Eriocaulaceae of the world as to valid taxa, geographic distribution
and synonymy. Phytologia Memoirs II:54-55 (New Mexico).
Aloysia beebush
Armada, J. & A. Barria. 1992. On Aloysia Palau. Taxon 41:88-90.
gratissima (Gillies & Hooker) Troncoso [M&H; Moldenke 1980]
white beebush
Aloysia lycioides Chamisso
Lippia lycioides (Chamisso) Steudel
Verbena gratissima Gillies & Hooker
lycioides Chamisso = Aloysia gratissima (Gillies & Hooker) Troncoso
wrightii (Gray) Heller ex Abrams [M&H; W&S]
Wright’s beebush
Lippia wrightii Gray
Bouchea groove-stem
McIntosh, L. 1996. Seven additions to the flora of New Mexico. Phytologia 81(5):365-368. [Bouchea prismatica]
linifolia A. Gray [Moldenke 1980]
needle-leaf groove-stem
prismatica O. Kuntze var. brevirostra Grenzebach [McIntosh 1996]
prism groove-stem
Glandularia vervain
Turner, B.L. 1998. Texas species of Glandularia (Verbenaceae). Lundellia 1:3-16.
Turner, B.L. & A.M. Powell. 2005. Chromosome numbers of Glandularia (Verbenaceae) from central and Trans-
Pecos Texas. Sida 21(3):1657-1661.
Umber, R.E. 1979. The genus Glandularia (Verbenaceae) in North America. Syst. Bot. 4:72-102.
bipinnatifida (Nuttall) Nuttall var. bipinnatifida [Umber 1979; M&H]
Dakota vervain
Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nuttall) Nuttall var. ciliata (Bentham) Turner
Verbena ambrosifolia Rydberg
Verbena bipinnatifida Nuttall
Verbena ciliata Bentham var. ciliata
Verbena ciliata Bentham var. pubera (Greene) Perry
Verbena pubera Greene
bipinnatifida (Nuttall) Nuttall var. brevispicata Umber [M&H; Umber 1979; W&S]
Dakota vervain
bipinnatifida (Nuttall) Nuttall var. ciliata (Bentham) Turner = Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nuttall)
Nuttall var bipinnatifida
canadensis (Linnaeus) Nuttall [Moldenke 1980]
rose vervain
Buchnera canadensis Linnaeus (Orobanchaceae)
Verbena canadensis (Linnaeus) Britton
chiricahensis Umber [Umber 1979]
Chiricahua vervain
gooddingii (Briquet) Solbrig [Umber 1979; M&H]
Goodding’s vervain
Verbena arizonica Briquet
Verbena bipinnatifida Nuttall var. gooddingii (Briquet) Jepson
Verbena gooddingii Briquet var. gooddingii
Verbena gooddingii Briquet var. nepetifolia Tidestrom
*pulchella (Sweet) Troncoso [Allred 1999]
moss vervain
Glandularia tenuisecta (Briquet) Small
Verbena tenuisecta Briquet
pumila (Rydberg) Umber [Umber 1979; M&H]
pink vervain
Verbena pumila Rydberg
quadrangulata (Heller) Umber [Umber 1979; M&H]
beaked vervain

453
 Verbena quadrangulata Heller
Verbena racemosa Eggert
tenuisecta (Briquet) Small = Glandularia pulchella (Sweet) Troncoso
tumidula (Perry) Umber [Umber 1979; M&H]
plains vervain
Verbena tumidula Perry
wrightii (Gray) Umber s.s. : Known from west Texas, but not yet verified from NM
wrightii auctores non (Gray) Umber = Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nuttall) Nuttall
Goniostachyum graveolens (Kunth) Small = Lippia graveolens Kunth
Lantana lantana
achyranthifolia Desfontaines [Moldenke 1980]
southwestern lantana
Lantana macropoda Torrey
urticoides Hayek [Moldenke 1980]
West Indies lantana
Lantana horrida sensu Moldenke non Kunth
Lippia lippia
berlandieri Schauer = Lippia graveolens Kunth
cuneifolia (Torrey) Steudel = Phyla cuneifolia (Torrey) Greene
graveolens Kunth [Moldenke 1980]
Mexican oregano
Goniostachyum graveolens (Kunth) Small
Lippia berlandieri Schauer
incisa (Small) Tidestrom = Phyla nodiflora (Linnaeus) Greene
lanceolata Michaux = Phyla lanceolata (Michaux) Greene
lycioides (Chamisso) Steudel = Aloysia gratissima (Gillies & Hooker) Troncoso
nodiflora (Linnaeus) Michaux var. rosea (D. Don) Munz = Phyla nodiflora (Linnaeus) Greene
wrightii Gray = Aloysia wrightii (Gray) Heller
Phyla frog-fruit
cuneifolia (Torrey) Greene [M&H; W&S]
wedgeleaf
Lippia cuneifolia (Torrey) Steudel
Zapania cuneifolia Torrey
incisa Small = Phyla nodiflora (Linnaeus) Greene
lanceolata (Michaux) Greene [M&H; W&S]
northern frog-fruit
Lippia lanceolata Michaux
*nodiflora (Linnaeus) Greene [M&H; W&S]
turkey-tangle
Lippia incisa (Small) Tidestrom
Lippia nodiflora (Linnaeus) Michaux var. rosea (D. Don) Munz
Phyla incisa Small
Phyla nodiflora (Linnaeus) Greene var. rosea (D. Don) Moldenke
Verbena nodiflora Linnaeus
Zappania nodiflora (Linnaeus) Lamarck var. rosea D. Don
nodiflora (Linnaeus) Greene var. rosea (D. Don) Moldenke = Phyla nodiflora (Linnaeus) Greene
Tetraclea wrinkle-fruit
Moldenke, H.N. 1981. Notes on the genus Tetraclea (Verbenaceae). Phytologia 48(5): 397-413.
angustifolia Wooton & Standley = Tetraclea coulteri Gray var. angustifolia (Wooton & Standley) A.
Nelson & Macbride
coulteri Gray var. angustifolia (Wooton & Standley) A. Nelson & Macbride [M&H; W&S]
Coulter’s wrinkle-fruit
Tetraclea angustifolia Wooton & Standley
coulteri Gray var. coulteri [M&H; W&S]
Coulter’s wrinkle-fruit
Verbena vervain
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Verbena tenuisecta]
Barber, S.C. 1982. Taxonomic studies in the Verbena stricta complex (Verbenaceae). Syst. Bot. 7(4):433-456.

454
McIntosh, L. 1996. Seven additions to the flora of New Mexico. Phytologia 81(5):365-368. [Verbena gracilis]
Turner, B.L. 1998. Texas species of Glandularia (Verbenaceae). Lundellia 1:3-16.
Umber, R.E. 1979. The genus Glandularia (Verbenaceae) in North America. Syst. Bot. 4:72-102.
ambrosifolia Rydberg = Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nuttall) Nuttall var. ciliata (Bentham) Turner
arizonica Briquet = Glandularia gooddingii (Briquet) Solbrig
bipinnatifida Nuttall = Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nuttall) Nuttall
bipinnatifida Nuttall var. gooddingii (Briquet) Jepson = Glandularia gooddingii (Briquet) Solbrig
bracteata Lagasca & Rodríguez [M&H; W&S]
carpet vervain
Verbena bracteata Lagasca var. brevibracteata Gray
Verbena bracteosa Michaux
Verbena confinis Greene
Verbena imbricata Wooton & Standley
bracteata Lagasca var. brevibracteata Gray = Verbena bracteata Lagasca & Rodríguez
bracteosa Michaux = Verbena bracteata Lagasca & Rodríguez
canadensis (Linnaeus) Britton = Glandularia canadensis (Linnaeus) Nuttall
canescens Kunth : Reported by Kartesz (1999) without documentation; awaits verification.
canescens Kunth var. neomexicana Gray = Verbena neomexicana (Gray) Small var. neomexicana
ciliata Bentham var. ciliata = Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nuttall) Nuttall var. ciliata (Bentham)
Turner
ciliata Bentham var. longidentata Perry [= Glandularia polyantha Umber] : Not occuring in NM.
ciliata Bentham var. pubera (Greene) Perry = Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nuttall) Nuttall var. ciliata
(Bentham) Turner
confinis Greene = Verbena bracteata Lagasca & Rodriguez
gooddingii Briquet var. gooddingii = Glandularia gooddingii (Briquet) Solbrig
gooddingii Briquet var. nepetifolia Tidestrom = Glandularia gooddingii (Briquet) Solbrig
gracilis Desfontaines [McIntosh 1996]
Huachuca vervain
gratissima Gillies & Hooker = Aloysia gratissima (Gillies & Hooker) Troncoso
halei Small [Moldenke 1980]
Texas vervain
hastata Linnaeus var. hastata [M&H; W&S]
arrowhead vervain
hastata Linnaeus var. scabra Moldenke [M&H]
arrowhead vervain
imbricata Wooton & Standley = Verbena bracteata Lagasca & Rodríguez
macdougalii Heller [M&H; W&S]
MacDougal’s vervain
menthifolia Bentham [M&H]
mint vervain
neomexicana (Gray) Small var. hirtella Perry [M&H]
New Mexico vervain
neomexicana (Gray) Small var. neomexicana [M&H; W&S]
New Mexico vervain
Verbena canescens Kunth var. neomexicana Gray
neomexicana (Gray) Small var. xylopoda Perry [M&H]
New Mexico vervain
nodiflora Linnaeus = Phyla nodiflora (Linnaeus) Greene
perennis Wooton [M&H; W&S]
Wooton’s vervain
plicata Greene [M&H]
fan-leaf vervain
pubera Greene = Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nuttall) Nuttall var. ciliata (Bentham) Turner
pumila Rydberg = Glandularia pumila (Rydberg) Umber
racemosa Eggert = Glandularia quadrangulata (Heller) Umber
scabra Vahl [M&H]
sandpaper vervain

455
 stricta Ventenat [M&H]
hoary vervain
tenuisecta Briquet = Glandularia pulchella (Sweet) Troncoso
tumidula Perry = Glandularia tumidula (Perry) Umber
wrightii Gray = Glandularia wrightii (Gray) Umber
Vitex = see LAMIACEAE
Zapania cuneifolia Torrey = Phyla cuneifolia (Torrey) Greene
nodiflora (Linaneus) Lamarck var. rosea D. Don = Phyla nodiflora (Linnaeus) Greene

Family VIOLACEAE
Calceolaria verticillata (Ortega) Kuntze = Hybanthus verticillatus (Ortega) Baillon
Hybanthus baby-slippers
verticillatus (Ortega) Baillon [M&H; W&S]
baby-slippers
Calceolaria verticillata (Ortega) Kuntze
Viola verticillata Ortega
Viola violet
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Viola bicolor]
Baker, M.S. 1935. Studies in western violets - I. Madroño 3:51-56.
Baker, M.S. 1940. Studies in western violets - III. Madroño 5:218-231.
Baker, M.S. 1949. Studies in western violets - IV. Leafl. W. Bot. 5:141-156.
Brizicky, G.K. 1961. The genera of Violaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 42:321-333.
Heil, K.D., S.L. O'Kane, & A. Clifford. 2002. Additions to the flora of New Mexico from the San Juan Basin Flora
project. The New Mexico Botanist 24:1-4. [Viola rydbergii]
McKinney, L.E. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the acaulescent blue violets (Viola) of North America. Sida, Bot.
Misc. 7:1-60.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470.
Russell, N.H. 1965. Violets (Viola) of central and eastern United States: an introductory survey. Sida 2:1-113.
adunca J.E. Smith [M&H; W&S]
hooked violet
Viola adunca J.E. Smith var. bellidiflora (Greene) Harrington
Viola montanensis Rydberg
Viola puberula (S. Watson) Howell
Viola retroscabra Greene
adunca J.E. Smith var. bellidiflora (Greene) Harrington = Viola adunca J.E. Smith
arizonica Greene = Viola nephrophylla Greene
bicolor Pursh [Allred 1999; M&H]
field pansy
Viola rafinesquii Greene
canadensis Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
Canadian violet
Viola canadensis Linnaeus var. neomexicana (Greene) House
Viola canadensis Linnaeus var. rugulosa (Greene) C.L. Hitchcock
Viola canadensis Linnaeus var. scopulorum Gray
Viola muriculata Greene
Viola neomexicana Greene
Viola rydbergii Greene
Viola scopulorum (Gray) Greene
canadensis Linnaeus var. neomexicana (Greene) House = Viola canadensis Linnaeus
canadensis Linnaeus var. rugulosa (Greene) C.L. Hitchcock Viola canadensis Linnaeus
canadensis Linnaeus var. scopulorum Gray = Viola canadensis Linnaeus
guadalupensis A. Powell & B. Wauer : Reported by Kartesz (1999), but known as yet only from the
Guadalupe Mountains of Texas.
missouriensis Greene [M&H; W&S]
Missouri violet
Viola sororia Willdenow var. missouriensis (Greene) McKinney
Viola retusa Greene
montanensis Rydberg = Viola adunca J.E. Smith
muriculata Greene = Viola canadensis Linnaeus

456
 neomexicana Greene = Viola canadensis Linnaeus
nephrophylla Greene [M&H; W&S]
northern bog violet
Viola arizonica Greene
Viola nephrophylla Greene var. arizonica (Greene) Kearney & Peebles
Viola pratincola Greene
Violoa sororia Willdenow var. affinis of western authors, not (Leconte) McKinney
nephrophylla Greene var. arizonica (Greene) Kearney & Peebles = Viola nephrophylla Greene
nuttallii Pursh [Great Plains Flora Association 1977; M&H]
Nuttall’s violet
pallens (Banks ex Ging) Brainerd [=Viola macloskeyi F.E. Lloyd] : Reported by W&S, but not
occurring in NM.
palmata Linnaeus [M&H; Spellenberg et al. 1986; McKinney 1992; W&S]
whorled violet, crow-foot violet
Viola pedatifida G. Don
Viola viarum Pollard
pedatifida G. Don = Viola palmata Linnaeus
pinetorum Greene : Reported by W&S, but this species occurs in California.
pratincola Greene = Viola nephrophylla Greene
puberula (S. Watson) Howell = Viola adunca J.E. Smith
rafinesquii Greene = Viola bicolor Pursh
reptans Robinson : Reported by W&S, but this species occurs in Mexico.
retroscabra Greene = Viola adunca J.E. Smith
retusa Greene = Viola missouriensis Greene
rydbergii Greene = Viola canadensis Linnaeus
scopulorum (Gray) Greene = Violoa canadensis Linnaeus
selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
sororia Willdenow s.s. : This is an eastern species not occurring in NM.
sororia Willdenow var. affinis of western authors, not (Leconte) McKinney = Viola nephrophylla
Greene
verticillata Ortega = Hybanthus verticillatus (Ortega) Baillon
viarum Pollard = Viola palmata Linnaeus
×wilmattae Pollard & Cockerell = name applied to hybrids or intermediates of Viola nephrophylla
Greene × Viola pedatifida G. Don [=Viola palmata Linnaeus]

Family VISCACEAE
Hawksworth, F.G. & D. Wiens. 1993. Viscaceae. p. 1092-1097, IN J.C. Hickman (editor). The Jepson Manual: Higher
Plants of California. Univ. California Press.
Peterson, R.S. 2005. Mistletoes (Viscaceae) of New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 33:3-4.
Arceuthobium dwarf-mistletoe
Hawksworth, F.G. & D. Wiens. 1972. Biology and Classification of Dwarf Mistletoes (Arceuthobium). USDA Agric.
Handbook No. 401.
Hawksworth, F.G. & D. Wiens. 1996. Dwarf mistletoes: biology, patholgy, and systematics. Agr. Handb. 709, USDA-
For. Serv.
abietianum Engelmann ex Munz : Reported by Kartesz (1999) without documentation; awaits
verification.
apachecum Hawksworth & Wiens [Hawksworth & Wiens 1996; M&H]
Apache dwarf-mistletoe
campylopodum Engelmann in Gray forma divaricatum (Engelmann) Gill = Arceuthobium
divaricatum Engelmann
campylopodum Engelmann in Gray forma microcarpum (Engelmann) Gill = Arceuthobium
microcarpum (Engelmann) Hawksworth & Wiens
divaricatum Engelmann [Hawksworth & Wiens 1996; M&H; W&S]
piñon dwarf-mistletoe
Arceuthobium campylopodum Engelmann in Gray forma divaricatum (Engelmann) Gill
Razoumofskya divaricata (Engelmann) Coville
douglasii Engelmann [Hawksworth & Wiens 1996; M&H; W&S]
Douglas-fir dwarf-mistletoe
Razoumofskya douglasii (Engelmann) Kuntze

457
 douglasii Engelmann var. microcarpum Engelmann = Arceuthobium microcarpum (Engelmann)
Hawksworth & Wiens
gillii Hawksworth & Wiens [Hawksworth & Wiens 1996; M&H]
Huachuca dwarf-mistletoe
microcarpum (Engelmann) Hawksworth & Wiens [Hawksworth & Wiens 1996; M&H; W&S]
spruce dwarf-mistletoe
Arceuthobium campylopodum Engelmann in Gray forma microcarpum (Engelmann) Gill
Arceuthobium douglasii Engelmann var. microcarpum Engelmann
Razoumofskya microcarpa (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley
vaginatum (Willdenow) Presl subsp. cryptopodum (Engelmann) Hawksworth & Wiens
[Hawksworth & Wiens 1996; M&H; W&S]
pineland dwarf-mistletoe
Razoumofskya cryptopoda (Engelmann) Coville
Phoradendron mistletoe
Hubbard, J.P. 1981. Extirpation of a population of desert mistletoe. Native Plant Society of New Mexico Newsletter
6(6):3.
Huff, C. 1996. New plant distribution records (Brassica rapa, Fraxinus anomala, Phoradendron californicum). The
New Mexico Botanist 3:6.
Kuijt, J. 2003. Monograph of Phoradendron (Viscaceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 66:1-643.
Peterson, R.S. 2000. Juniper mistletoes: 1, 2, and Phsp.? The New Mexico Botanist 16:7. [Phoradendron
hawksworthii]
Peterson, R.S. 2005. Mistletoes (Viscaceae) of New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 33:3-4.
Wiens, D. 1964. Revision of the acataphyllous species of Phoradendron. Brittonia 16:11-54.
Wiens, D. & F. Hawksworth. 2002. New species of Phoradendron (Viscaceae) from Mexico and Guatemala and a
synopsis of species in section Pauciflorae. Aliso 21(1):33-43. [Phoradendron hawksworthii]
bolleanum sensu NM authors = Phoradendron hawksworthii Wiens
bolleanum (Seemann) Eichler var. capitellatum (Torrey ex Trelease) Kearney & Peebles =
Phoradendron capitellatum Torrey ex Trelease
californicum Nuttall [Hubbard 1981; Huff 1996; M&H; Peterson 2005]
mesquite mistletoe
capitellatum Torrey ex Trelease [Kuijt 2003; M&H; Wiens 1964]
downy mistletoe
Phoradendron bolleanum (Seemann) Eichler var. capitellatum (Torrey ex Trelease)
Kearney & Peebles
cockerellii Trelease = Phoradendron macrophyllum (Engelmann) Cockerell
coryae Trelease [Kuijt 2003; M&H; Wiens 1964]
Cory’s mistletoe
Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. pubescens Engelmann
Phoradendron havardianum Trelease
Phoradendron villosum Nuttall
Phoradendron villosum Nuttall subsp. coryae (Trelease) Wiens
Phoradendron serotinum (Rafinesque) M.C. Johnston subsp. tomentosum (de Candolle)
Kuijt
flavescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. macrophyllum Engelmann = Phoradendron macrophyllum
(Engelmann) Cockerell
flavescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. orbiculatum (Engelmann ex Gray) Engelmann : Reported by M&H,
but not occurring in NM [Kuijt 2003; Wiens 1964].
flavescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. pubescens Engelmann = Phoradendron coryae Trelease
flavescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. villosum (Nuttall) Engelmann = Phoradendron coryae Trelease
havardianum Trelease = Phoradendron coryae Trelease
hawksworthii Wiens [Wiens & Hawksworth 2002]
Hawksworth’s mistletoe
Phoradendron bolleanum sensu NM authors
juniperinum Engelmann ex Gray subsp. juniperinum [Kuijt 2003; M&H; W&S]
juniper mistletoe
macrophyllum (Engelmann) Cockerell [Kuijt 2003; M&H; W&S; Wiens 1964]
Cockerell’s mistletoe
Phoradendron cockerellii Trelease
Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. macrophyllum Engelmann

458
 Phoradendron serotinum (Rafinesque) M.C. Johnston subsp. macrophyllum (Engelmann)
Kuijt
orbiculatum Engelmann ex Gray = Phoradendron serotinum (Rafinesque) M.C. Johnston subsp.
serotinum
serotinum (Rafinesque) M.C. Johnston s.s. : Reported by M&H and W&S [as Phorodendron
flavescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. orbiculatum (Engelmann ex Gray) Engelmann], but
not occurring in NM [Kuijt 2003; Wiens 1964].
Phoradendron orbiculatum Engelmann ex Gray
serotinum (Rafinesque) M.C. Johnston subsp. macrophyllum (Engelmann) Kuijt = Phoradendron
macrophyllum (Engelmann) Cockerell
serotinum (Rafinesque) M.C. Johnston subsp. tomentosum (de Candolle) Kuijt = Phoradendron
coryae Trelease
villosum Nuttall subsp. coryae (Trelease) Wiens = Phoradendron coryae Trelease
Razoumofskya cyanocarpa A. Nelson ex Rydberg [=Arceuthobium cyanocarpum (A. Nelson ex Rydberg)
Coulter & A. Nelson : Reported by W&S, but not occurring in NM [Hawksworth
& Wiens 1996].
divaricata (Engelmann) Coville = Arceuthobium divaricatum Engelmann
douglasii (Engelmann) Kuntze = Arceuthobium douglasii Engelmann
microcarpa (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley = Arceuthobium microcarpum (Engelmann)
Hawksworth & Wiens
cryptopoda (Engelmann) Coville = Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willdenow) Presl subsp.
cryptopodum (Engelmann) Hawksworth & Wiens

Family VITACEAE
Brizicky, G.K. 1965. The genera of Vitaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 46:48-67.
Gleason, H.A. 1947. The preservation of well known binomials. Phytologia 2:201-212.
Cissus peppervine
incisa (Nuttall) Des Moulins [M&H; W&S]
peppervine
Vitis incisa Nuttall
inserta of NM authors, misapplied, not (Krener) K. Fritsch = Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) A.S.
Hitchcock
Parthenocissus creeper
inserta of NM authors, misapplied, not (Krener) K. Fritsch = Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) A.S.
Hitchcock
vitacea (Knerr) A.S. Hitchcock [M&H; W&S]
thicket creeper
Ampelopsis quinquifolia Linnaeus var. vitacea Knerr
Parthenocissus inserta auctores non (Krener) K. Fritsch
Vitis grape
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp. [Vitis
riparia]
Moore, M.O. 1991. Classification and systematics of easten North American Vitis L. (Vitaceae) north of Mexico. Sida
14(3):339-368.
acerifolia Rafinesque [M&H; Moore 1991]
maple-leaf grape
Vitis longii Prince
Vitis nuevo-mexicana Lemmon ex Munson
arizonica Engelmann [M&H; W&S]
Arizona grape, canyon grape
Vitis arizonica Engelmann var. glabra Munson
Vitis treleasii Munson
arizonica Engelmann var. glabra Munson = Vitis arizonica Engelmann
×doaniana Munson ex Viala : Reported by M&H, but probably does not occur in NM [Moore
1991].
incisa Nuttall = Cissus incisus (Nuttall) Des Moulins
longii Prince = Vitis acerifolia Rafinesque
monticola Buckley : Reported by M&H, but this species is endemic to the Edwards Plateau of
central Texas (Moore 1991); awaits further verification.

459
 nuevo-mexicana Lemmon ex Munson = Vitis acerifolia Rafinesque
riparia Michaux [Great Plains Flora Association 1977]
riverbank grape
treleasii Munson = Vitis arizonica Engelmann
vulpina Linnaeus : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.

Family ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
Covillea glutinosa (Engelmann) Rydberg = Larrea tridentata (Sessé & Mociño ex A.P. de Candolle)
Coville
tridentata (Sessé & Mociño ex A.P. de Candolle) Vail = Larrea tridentata (Sessé & Mociño ex A.P.
de Candolle) Coville
Kallstroemia caltrop
Porter, D.M. 1969. The genus Kallstroemia. Contr. Gray Herb. Harvard Univ. 198:41-153.
brachystylis Vail = Kallstroemia californica (S. Watson) Vail
californica (S. Watson) Vail [M&H; Porter 1969; W&S]
California caltrop
Kallstroemia brachystylis Vail
Kallstroemia californica (S. Watson) Vail var. brachystylis (Vail) Kearney & Peebles
Tribulus californicus S. Watson
californica (Wats) Vail var. brachystylis (Vail) Kearney & Peebles = Kallstroemia california (S.
Watson) Vail
grandiflora Torrey ex Gray [M&H; Porter 1969; W&S]
orange caltrop
hirsutissima Vail ex Small [M&H; Porter 1969; W&S]
hairy caltrop
intermedia Rydberg = Kallstroemia parviflora Norton
laetevirens Thornber = Kallstroemia parviflora Norton
maxima sensu M&H = Kallstroemia parviflora Norton
parviflora Norton [Porter 1969; W&S]
warty caltrop
Kallstroemia intermedia Rydberg
Kallstroemia laetevirens Thornber
Kallstroemia maxima sensu M&H
Larrea creosote-bush
Mabry, T.J., J.H. Hunziker, & D.R. DiFeo, Jr. (eds.). 1977. Creosote Bush: biology and chemistry of Larrea in New
World deserts. Halsted Press, Stroudsburg, Pa.
glauca Ortega = Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eijert (Fabaceae)
mexicana Moricand = Larrea tridentata (Sessé & Mociño ex A.P. de Candolle) Coville var. tridentata
tridentata (Sessé & Mociño ex A.P. de Candolle) Coville var. tridentata [M&H; W&S]
creosote-bush
Covillea glutinosa (Engelmann) Rydberg
Covillea tridentata (Sessé & Mociño ex A.P. de Candolle) Vail
Larrea mexicana Moricand
Zygophyllaum tridentatum Sessé & Mociño ex A.P. de Candolle
Peganum African-rue
*harmala Linnaeus [M&H]
African-rue, Syrian-rue
mexicanum Gray : Reported for NM on various lists, but no specimens have been located.
Tribulus puncture-vine
californicus S. Watson = Kallstroemia californica (S. Watson) Vail
*terrestris Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
puncture-vine
Zygophyllum bean-caper
*fabago Linnaeus [M&H]
Syrian bean-caper
tridentatum Sessé & Mociño ex A.P. de Candolle = Larrea tridentata (A.P. de Candolle) Coville var.
tridentata

460
461
 ANGIOSPERMS

Monocotyledonous Plants
Family AGAVACEAE
[Dracaenaceae]
Bogler, D,J. & B.B. Simpson. 1995. A chloroplast DNA study of the Agavaceae. Syst. Bot. 20(2):191-205.
Agave agave
Freeman, C.E. 1973. A new record of lechuguilla (Agave lecheguilla: Agavaceae) in New Mexico. Southwest. Nat.
17(4):423.
Gentry, H.S. 1982. Agaves of Continental North America. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 670 pp.
Reveal, J.L. & W.C. Hodgson. 2002. Agave, pp. 442-461. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University
Press, New York.
americana Linnaeus var. latifolia Torrey = Agave parryi Engelmann
geminiflora (Tagl.) Ker-Gawler var. sonorae Torrey = Agave schottii Engelmann
gracilipes Trelease [Gentry 1982; Reveal & Hodgson 2002]
slimfoot agave
lechuguilla Torrey [Gentry 1982; M&H; Reveal & Hodgson 2002; W&S]
lechuguilla
neomexicana Wooton & Standley = Agave parryi Engelmann var. neomexicana (Wooton &
Standley) B. Ullrich
palmeri Engelmann [Gentry 1982; M&H; Reveal & Hodgson 2002; W&S]
Palmer’s agave
parryi Engelmann var. parryi [Gentry 1982; M&H; Reveal & Hodgson 2002; W&S]
Parry’s agave
Agave americana Linnaeus var. latifolia Torrey
parryi Engelmann var. neomexicana (Wooton & Standley) B. Ullrich [M&H; Gentry 1982;
W&S]
New Mexico agave
Agave neomexicana Wooton & Standley
schottii Engelmann [Gentry 1982; M&H; Reveal & Hodgson 2002; W&S]
Schott’s agave
Agave geminiflora (Tagl.) Ker-Gawler var. sonorae Torrey
Dasylirion = see Nolinaceae
Nolina = see Nolinaceae
Yucca yucca
Benson, L. & R.A. Darrow. 1981. Trees and Shrubs of the Southwestern Deserts. 3rd ed. Univ. Arizona Press. 416 p.
Hall, H.H. & S. Flowers. 1961. Vascular plants found in the Navajo Reservoir Basin, pp. 47-87. IN: D.M. Pendergast
(ed.). Ecological studies of the flora and fauna of Navajo Reservoir Basin, Colorado and New Mexico. Univ.
Utah Anthropological Papers, number 55. [Yucca whipplei]
Hess, W.J. & R.L. Robbins. 2002. Yucca, pp. 423-439. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press,
New York.
Johnson, M.B. 2000. Observations on some Chihuahuan Desert Yuccas. Desert Plants 16(1):14-19.
Lenz, L.W. & M.A. Hanson. 2000. Typification and change in status of Yucca schottii (Agavaceae). Aliso 19(1):93-
98.
Lenz, L.W. & M.A. Hanson. 2001. Yuccas (Agavaceae) of the international four corners: southwestern USA and
northwestern Mexico. Aliso 19(2):165-179.
McKelvey, S.D. 1934, 1947. Yuccas of the southwestern United States. [part 1, 1934; part 2, 1947]. Arnold
Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachusettes.
Sivinski, R. 2008. Some observations on the dry, dehiscent-fruited Yuccas in New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist
43:1-4.
Webber, J.M. 1953. Yuccas of the Southwest. USDA Agric. Monogr. No. 17.
angustifolia Pursh = Yucca glauca Nuttall
angustissima Engelmann ex Trelease var. angustissima [Hess & Robbins 2002; M&H]
fine-leaf yucca
arizonica McKelvey = Yucca baccata Torrey var. brevifolia (Schott) Benson & Darrow
baccata Torrey var. baccata [Hess & Robbins 2002; M&H; W&S]
banana yucca

462
baccata Torrey var. brevifolia (Schott ex Torrey) Benson & Darrow [Benson & Darrow 1981;
Hess & Robbins 2002]
banana yucca
Yucca arizonica McKelvey
Yucca brevifolia Schott ex Torrey
baccata Torrey var. macrocarpa Torrey = Yucca treculiana Carrière
baileyi Wooton & Standley var. baileyi [Hess & Robbins 2002; M&H; W&S]
Bailey’s yucca
Yucca standleyi McKelvey
+baileyi Wooton & Standley var. intermedia (McKelvey) Reveal [Hess & Robbins 2002;
McKelvey 1934]
Bailey’s yucca
Yucca intermedia McKelvey
baileyi Wooton & Standley var. navajoa (Webber) Webber [Hess & Robbins 2002; M&H;
Webber 1953]
Navajo yucca
Yucca navajoa Webber
brevifolia Schott ex Torrey = Yucca baccata Torrey var. brevifolia (Schott ex Torrey) Benson &
Darrow
campestris McKelvey [M&H; McKelvey 1934] Note: Hess & Robbins (2002) restricted this taxon to
Texas; the identity of our plants perhaps warrants investigation.
plains yucca
elata Engelmann [Hess & Robbins 2002; M&H; W&S]
soaptree yucca
faxoniana Sargent [Johnson 2000]
Eve’s needle
glauca Nuttall [Hess & Robbins 2002; M&H; W&S]
plains yucca, soapweed yucca
Yucca angustifolia Pursh
Yucca glauca Nuttall var. gurneyi McKelvey
Yucca intermedia McKelvey var. ramosa McKelvey
glauca Nuttall var. gurneyi McKelvey = Yucca glauca Nuttall
harrimaniae Trelease [Hess & Robbins 2002; M&H; W&S]
Spanish bayonet
harrimaniae Trelease var. neomexicana (Wooton & Standley) Reveal = Yucca neomexicana Wooton
& Standley
intermedia McKelvey = Yucca baileyi Wooton & Standley var. intermedia (McKelvey) Reveal
intermedia McKelvey var. ramosa McKelvey = Yucca glauca Nuttall
macrocarpa (Torrey) Engelmann = Yucca treculiana Carrière
madrensis Gentry [Hess & Robbins 2002; Lenz & Hanson 2000, 2001; M&H; W&S]
Sierra Madre yucca
Yucca schottii auctores non Engelmann
navajoa Webber = Yucca baileyi Wooton & Standley var. navajoa (Webber) Webber
neomexicana Wooton & Standley [Hess & Robbins 2002; M&H; W&S]
New Mexico Spanish bayonet
Yucca harrimaniae Trelease var. neomexicana (Wooton & Standley) Reveal
schottii auctores non Engelmann = Yucca madrensis Gentry
×schottii Engelmann pro. sp. Note: Lenz & Hanson (2000) apply this name to hybrids involving Yucca
baccata × Y. elata × Y. madrensis; see Yucca madrensis Gentry.
standleyi McKelvey = Yucca baileyi Wooton & Standley var. baileyi
torreyi Shafer = Yucca treculiana Carrière
treculiana Carrière [M&H; W&S]
Torrey’s yucca
Yucca baccata Torrey var. macrocarpa Torrey
Yucca macrocarpa (Torrey) Engelmann
Yucca torreyi Shafer forma parviflora McKelvey
Yucca torreyi Shafer
torreyi Shafer forma parviflora McKelvey = Yucca treculiana Carrière

463
 whipplei Torrey : Reported by Hall & Flowers (1961), but this occurs only in southern California.

Family ALISMATACEAE
Haynes, R.R. & C.B. Hellquist. 2000. Alismataceae, p. 7-25. IN: Flora North America, vol. 22. Oxford University
Press.
Alisma water-plantain
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Alisma subcordatum]
Fernald, M.L. 1946. The North American representatives of Alisma plantago-aquatica. Rhodora 48:86-88.
Hendricks, A.J. 1957. A revision of the genus Alisma (Dill.) L. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 58:470-493.
Pogan, E. 1963. Taxonomical value of Alisma triviale Pursh and Alisma subcordatum Rafin. Canad. J. bot. 41:1011-
1013.
berteroi Sprengel = Echinodorus berteroi (Sprengel) Fassett
brevipes Greene = Alisma triviale Pursh
geyeri Torrey = Alisma gramineum K.C. Gmelin
gramineum K.C. Gmelin [M&H]
narrow-leaf water-plantain
Alisma geyeri Torrey
Alisma gramineum K.C. Gmelin var. geyeri (Torrey) Samuelsson
gramineum K.C. Gmelin var. geyeri (Torrey) Samuelsson = Alisma gramineum K.C. Gmelin
plantago-aquatica sensu W&S = Alisma triviale Pursh
subcordatum Rafinesque [Allred 1999]
American water-plantain
triviale Pursh [M&H; W&S]
northern water-plantain
Alisma brevipes Greene
Alisma plantago-aquatica sensu W&S
Echinodorus burr-head
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp.
[Echinodorus berteroi]
berteroi (Sprengel) Fassett [Great Plains Flora Association 1977]
upright burr-head
Alisma berteroi Sprengel
Echinodorus rostratus (Nuttall) Engelmann
rostratus (Nuttall) Engelmann = Echinodorus berteroi (Sprengel) Fassett
Lophotocarpus calycinus (Engelmann) J.G. Smith = Sagittaria montevidensis Chamisso & Schlectendal
subsp. calycina (Engelmann) Bogin
Sagittaria arrowhead
Bogin, C. 1955. A revision of the genus Sagittaria. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 9:179-233.
Haynes, R.R. & C.B. Hellquist. 2000. Alismataceae, p. 7-25. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 22. Oxford University
Press.
Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A Synonymized Checklist and Atlas with Biological Attributes for the Vascular Flora of the
United States, Canada, and Greenland. First Edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the
North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC. [Sagittaria
demersa]
arifolia Nuttall = Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon
brevirostra Mackenzie & Bush [M&H]
short-beak arrowhead
calycina Engelmann = Sagittaria montevidensis Chamisso & Schlectendal subsp. calycina
(Engelmann) Bogin
cuneata Sheldon [M&H; W&S]
arum-leaf arrowhead
Sagittaria arifolia Nuttall
demersa J.G. Small [R. Haynes, in Kartesz 1999]
graminea Michaux [M&H] Note: Haynes & Hellquist (2000) report the distribution of this taxon to the east
of NM; merits verification.
grassy arrowhead
greggii J.G. Smith : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
latifolia Willdenow [M&H]
duck potato

464
 longiloba Engelmann ex J.G. Smith [M&H]
long-barb arrowhead
montevidensis Chamisso & Schlectendal subsp. calycina (Engelmann) Bogin [M&H;
W&S]
hooded arrowhead
Sagittaria calycina Engelmann
Lophotocarpus calycinus (Engelmann) J.G. Smith

Family ALLIACEAE
Allium onion
McNeal, D.W. Jr. & T.D. Jacobsen. 2002. Allium, pp. 224-276. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford
University Press, New York.
Sivinski, R.C. 1998. Annotated checklist of the genus Allium (Liliaceae) in New Mexico. New Mexico Naturalist's
Notes 1(1):43-56.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Allium acuminatum]
acuminatum Hooker [McNeal & Jacobsen 2002; Sivinski 1998; Spellenberg et al. 1986]
taper-tip onion
bigelovii S. Watson [M&H; McNeal & Jacobsen 2002; Sivinski 1998; W&S]
Bigelow’s onion
bisceptrum S. Watson [M&H; McNeal & Jacobsen 2002; Sivinski 1998; W&S]
aspen onion
Allium bisceptrum S. Watson var. palmeri (S. Watson) Cronquist
Allium palmeri S. Watson
bisceptrum S. Watson var. palmeri (S. Watson) Cronquist = Allium bisceptrum S. Watson
brevistylum S. Watson : Reported by M&H and McNeal & Jacobsen (2002), but these reports are in
error [Sivinski 1998; Sivinski pers. comm.].
cernuum Roth [M&H; McNeal & Jacobsen 2002; Sivinski 1998; W&S]
nodding onion
Allium cernuum Roth var. neomexicanum (Rydberg) MacBride
Allium cernuum Roth var. obtusum Cockerell ex MacBride
Allium neomexicanum Rydberg
Allium recurvatum Rydberg
cernuum Roth var. neomexicanum (Rydberg) Macbride = Allium cernuum Roth
cernuum Roth var. obtusum Cockerell ex MacBride = Allium cernuum Roth
deserticola (M.E. Jones) Wooton & Standley = Allium macropetalum Rydberg
drummondii Regel [M&H; McNeal & Jacobsen 2002; Sivinski 1998; W&S]
Drummond’s onion
Allium helleri Small
Allium nuttallii S. Watson
funiculosum A. Nelson = Allium geyeri S. Watson var. geyeri
geyeri S. Watson var. geyeri [M&H; McNeal & Jacobsen 2002; Sivinski 1998; W&S]
Geyer’s onion
Allium funiculosum A. Nelson
geyeri S. Watson var. tenerum M.E. Jones [M&H; McNeal & Jacobsen 2002; Sivinski 1998; W&S]
Geyer’s onion
Allium rubrum Osterhout
Allium sabulicola Osterhout
glandulosum sensu M&H, not Link & Otto = Allium rhizomatum Wooton & Standley
gooddingii M. Ownbey [M&H; McNeal & Jacobsen 2002; Sivinski 1998]
Goodding’s onion
helleri Small = Allium drummondii Regel
kunthii G. Don [M&H; McNeal & Jacobsen 2002; Sivinski 1998; W&S]
Kunth’s onion
Allium scaposum Bentham
macropetalum Rydberg [M&H; McNeal & Jacobsen 2002; Sivinski 1998; W&S]
Arizona onion
Allium deserticola (M.E. Jones) Wooton & Standley

465
 neomexicanum Rydberg = Allium cernuum Roth
nuttallii S. Watson = Allium drummondii Regel
palmeri S. Watson = Allium bisceptrum S. Watson
perdulce Fraser var. perdulce [M&H; McNeal & Jacobsen 2002; Sivinski 1998]
plains onion
recurvatum Rydberg = Allium cernuum Roth
reticulatum Fraser = Allium textile A. Nelson & Macbride
rhizomatum Wooton & Standley [M&H; McNeal & Jacobsen 2002; Sivinski 1998; W&S]
New Mexico onion
Allium glandulosum sensu M&H, not Link & Otto
rubrum Osterhout = Allium geyeri S. Watson var. tenerum M.E. Jones
sabulicola Osterhout = Allium geyeri S. Watson var. tenerum M.E. Jones
scaposum Bentham = Allium kunthii G. Don
textile A. Nelson & Macbride [M&H; McNeal & Jacobsen 2002; Sivinski 1998]
white wild onion
Allium reticulatum Fraser
Brodiaea capitata Bentham var. pauciflora Torrey = Dichelostemma capitatum (Bentham) Wood subsp.
pauciflorum (Torrey) G. Keator (Themidaceae)
Nothoscordum false-garlic
Jacobsen, T.D. & D.W. McNeal, Jr. 2002. Nothoscordum, pp. 276-278. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford
University Press, New York.
bivalve (Linnaeus) Britton [Jacobsen & McNeal 2002; M&H]
crow-poison
Nothoscordum texanum M.E. Jones
Ornithogalum bivalve Linnaeus
texanum M.E. Jones = Nothoscordum bivalve (Linnaeus) Britton
Ornithogalum bivalve Linnaeus = Nothoscordum bivalve (Linnaeus) Britton
hirsutum Linnaeus = Hypoxis hirsuta (Linnaeus) Coville

Family AMARYLLIDACEAE
Meerow, A.W., M.F. Fay, C.L. Guyk, Q.-B. Li, F.Q. Zaman, & M.W. Chase. 1999. Systematics of Amaryllidaceae
based on cladistic analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-F sequence data. Amer. J. Bot. 86(9):1325-1345.
Agave = see AGAVACEAE
Atamosco longifolia (Hemsley) Cockerell = Zephyranthes longifolia Hemsley
Cooperia drummondii Herbert = Zephyranthes chlorosolen (Herbert) D. Dietrich
Hypoxis = see HYPOXIDACEAE
Zephyranthes zephyr-lily
Flagg, R.O., G.L. Smith, & W.S. Flory. 2002. Zephyranthes, pp. 296-303. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26.
Oxford University Press, New York.
Spellenberg, R., M. Mahrt & R. Brozka. 1991. Noteworthy collections, New Mexico. Madroño 38:298-301.
[Zephyranthes chlorosolen]
chlorosolen (Herbert) D. Dietrich : Reported by Spellenberg et al. (1991), but a reexamination of the
specimen determined it to be Zephyranthes longifolia Hemsley.
Cooperia drummondii Herbert
Zephyranthes brazosensis Traub
brazosensis Traub = Zephyranthes chlorosolen (Herbert) D. Dietrich
longifolia Hemsley [Flagg et al. 2002; M&H]
zephyr-lily
Atamosco longifolia (Hemsley) Cockerell

Family ANTHERICACEAE
Anthericum flavescens J.A. & J.H. Schultes = Echeandia flavescens (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Cruden
serotinum Linnaeus = Lloydia serotina (Linnaeus) Sweet (Liliaceae)
torreyi Baker = Echeandia flavescens (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Cruden
Echeandia crag-lily
Cruden, R.W. 2002. Echeandia, pp. 215-216. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New
York.
flavescens (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Cruden [Cruden 2002; M&H; W&S]
Torrey’s crag-lily

466
 Anthericum torreyi Baker
Leucocrinum star-lily
Reveal, J.L. & F.H. Utech. 2002. Leucocrinum, pp. 217-218. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University
Press, New York.
montanum Nuttall ex Gray [M&H; Reveal & Utech 2002; W&S]
star-lily

Family ASPARAGACEAE
Asparagus asparagus
Straley, G.B. 2002. Asparagus, pp. 213-214. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New
York.
*officinalis Linnaeus [M&H; Straley 2002; W&S]
asparagus

Family ASPHODELACEAE
Asphodelus onionweed
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Asphodelus fistulosus]
Straley, G.B. & F.H. Utech. 2002. Asphodelus, pp. 218-219. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University
Press, New York.
*fistulosus Linnaeus [Spellenberg et al. 1986; Straley & Utech 2002]
onionweed

Family BROMELIACEAE
Tillandsia Spanish-moss
Luther, H.E. & G.K. Brown. 2000. Tillandsia, p. 288-296. IN: Flora North America, vol. 22. Oxford University Press.
Wagner, W.L. 1979. New records to the Animas Mountain flora, New Mexico. Southw. Naturalist 24(2):291-296.
[Tillandsia recurvata]
recurvata Linnaeus [Wagner 1979]
ball-moss

Family CALOCHORTACEAE = LILIACEAE

Family COMMELINACEAE
Faden, R.B. 2000. Commelinaceae, p. 170-197. IN: Flora North America, vol. 22. Oxford University Press.
Tucker, G.C. 1989. The genera of Commelinaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 70:97-130.
Commelina dayflower
Brashier, C.K. 1966. A revision of Commelina (Plum.) L. in the U.S.A. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 93:1-19.
angustifolia Michaux = Commelina erecta Linnaeus var. angustifolia (Michaux) Fernald
crispa Wooton = Commelina erecta Linnaeus var. angustifolia (Michaux) Fernald
dianthifolia Delile [Faden 2000; M&H; W&S]
bird-bill dayflower
Commelina dianthifolia Delile var. filiformis M.E. Jones
Commelina dianthifolia Delile var. longispatha (Torrey) Brashier
Commelina linearis Bentham var. longispatha Torrey
dianthifolia Delile var. filiformis M.E. Jones = Commelina dianthifolia Delile
dianthifolia Delile var. longispatha (Torrey) Brashier = Commelina dianthifolia Delile
erecta Linnaeus var. angustifolia (Michaux) Fernald [Faden 2000; M&H; W&S]
white-mouth dayflower
Commelina angustifolia Michaux
Commelina crispa Wooton
Commelina erecta Linnaeus var. crispa (Wooton) Palmer & Steyermark
Commelina erecta Linnaeus var. deamiana Fernald
erecta Linnaeus var. crispa (Wooton) Palmer & Steverm. = Commelina erecta Linnaeus var.
angustifolia (Michaux) Fernald
erecta Linnaeus var. deamiana Fernald = Commelina erecta Linnaeus var. angustifolia (Michaux)
Fernald
linearis Bentham var. longispatha Torrey = Commelina dianthifolia Delile
Tradescantia spiderwort

467
 Anderson, E. & R.E. Woodson. 1935. The species of Tradescantia indigenous to the United States. Contr. Arnold
Arbor. 9:1-132.
Faden, R.B. 1993. Tradescantia crassifolia (Commelinaceae), an overlooked species in the southwestern United
States. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80:219-222.
Hershey, A.L. & P.J. Leyendecker, Jr. 1944. Notes on plants of New Mexico – III. Leafl. West. Bot. 4(2):21-25.
[Tradescantia wrightii]
Spellenberg, R. 1979. Chromosome numbers from some federally proposed threatened or endangered southwestern
angiosperms and other miscellaneous taxa. Southw. Naturalist 24:187-189. [Tradescantia wrightii]
crassifolia Cavanilles : Included in Kartesz’s (1999) list for NM, but Faden (1993) questions, with
good evidence, the validity of the single specimen attributed to NM; awaits
verification.
occidentalis (Britton) Smyth var. occidentalis [Faden 2000; M&H; W&S]
western spiderwort
Tradescantia virginica Linnaeus var. occidentalis Britton
occidentalis (Britton) Smyth var. scopulorum (Rose) Anderson & Woodson [Faden 2000;
M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain spiderwort
Tradescantia scopulorum Rose
pinetorum Greene [Faden 2000; M&H; W&S]
pinewoods spiderwort
Tradescantia tuberosa Greene
scopulorum Rose = Tradescantia occidentalis (Britton) Smyth var. scopulorum (Rose) Anderson &
Woodson
tuberosa Greene = Tradescantia pinetorum Greene
virginica Linnaeus var. occidentalis Britton = Tradescantia occidentalis (Britton) Smyth var.
occidentalis
wrightii Rose & Bush [Faden 2000; Hershey & Leyendecker 1944; Spellenberg 1979]
Wright’s spiderwort

Family CONVALLARIACEAE
Convallaria biflora Walter = Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott
Maianthemum false Solomon’s-seal
Galway, D.H. 1945. The North American species of Smilacina. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 33:644-666.
LaFrankie, J.V., Jr. 1986. Transfer of the species of Smilacina to Maianthemum (Liliacaea). Taxon 35:584-589.
LaFrankie, J.V.. 2002. Maianthemum, pp. 206-210. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press,
New York.
racemosum (Linnaeus) Link subsp. amplexicaule (Nuttall) LaFrankie [LaFrankie 2002;
M&H; W&S]
false Solomon’s-seal
Maianthemum racemosum (Linnaeus) Link var. amplexicaule (Nuttall) Dorn
Smilacina racemosa (Linnaeus) Desfontaines var. amplexicaulis (Nuttall) S. Watson
Vagnera amplexiaulis (Nuttall) Greene
racemosum (Linnaeus) Link var. amplexicaule (Nuttall) Dorn = Maianthemum racemosum
(Linnaeus) Link subsp. amplexicaule (Nuttall) LaFrankie
racemosum (Linnaeus) Link s.s. : Not known from NM; our material is referred to subsp.
amplexicaule (Nuttall) LaFrankie.
Smilacina racemosa (Linnaeus) Desfontaines var. racemosa
stellatum (Linnaeus) Link [LaFrankie 2002; M&H; W&S]
starry false Solomon’s-seal
Smilacina stellata (Linnaeus) Desfontaines
Vagnera stellata (Linnaeus) Morong
Polygonatum Solomon’s-seal
Ownbey, R.P. 1944. The liliaceous genus Polygonatum in North America. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 31:373-413.
Utech, F.H. 2002. Polygonatum, pp. 210-212. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New
York.
biflorum (Walter) Elliott [M&H; Utech 2002]
Solomon’s-seal
Convallaria biflora Walter
Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott var. commutatum (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Morong
Polygonatum cobrense (Wooton & Standley) Gates

468
 Polygonatum commutatum (Roemer & Schultes) Dietrich
Salomonia cobrensis Wooton & Standley
biflorum (Walter) Elliott var. commutatum (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Morong = Polygonatum biflorum
(Walter) Elliott
cobrense (Wooton & Standley) Gates = Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott
commutatum (Roemer & Schultes) Dietrich = Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott
Salomonia cobrensis Wooton & Standley = Polygonatum cobrense (Wooton & Standley) Gates
Smilacina racemosa (Linnaeus) Desfontaines var. amplexicaulis (Nuttall) S. Watson = Maianthemum
racemosum (Linnaeus) Link subsp. amplexicaule (Nuttall) LaFrankie
racemosa (Linnaeus) Desfontaines var. racemosa = Maianthemum racemosum (Linnaeus) Link
subsp. racemosum
stellata (Linnaeus) Desfontaines = Maianthemum stellatum (Linnaeus) Link
Uvularia amplexifolia Linnaeus = Streptopus amplexifolia (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle (Liliaceae)
Vagnera amplexiaulis (Nuttall) Greene = Maianthemum racemosum (Linnaeus) Link subsp. amplexicaule
(Nuttall) LaFrankie
stellata (Linnaeus) Morong = Maianthemum stellatum (Linnaeus) Link

Family CYPERACEAE
Bruhl, J.J. 1995. Sedge genera of the world: relationships and a new classification of the Cyperaceae. Australian
Systematic Botany 8(2):125-305.
Cronquist, A. 1977. Cyperaceae, p. 67-174. IN: Intermountain Flora, Vol. 6 (Monocotyledons). New York Botanical
Garden. 584 pp.
Tucker, G.C. 1987. The genera of Cyperaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 68:361-445.
Bolboschoenus bulrush
Beetle, A.A. 1942. Studies in the genus Scirpus L. IV. The section Bolboschoenus Pallas Amer. J. Bot. 42:82-88.
Browning, J., K.D. Gordon-Gray, & S.G. Smith. 1995. Achene structure and taxonomy of North American
Bolboschoenus (Cyperaceae). Brittonia 47(4):433-445.
Smith, S.G. 1995. New combinations in North American Schoenoplectus, Bolboschoenus, Isolepis, and Trichophorum
(Cyperaceae). Novon 5:97-102.
Smith, S.G. 2002. Bolboschoenus, pp. 37-44. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 23. Oxford University Press.
fluviatilis (Torrey) V. Soják : Reported by M&H, but Smith (2002) could find no specimens from
NM of this taxon; awaits verification.
Scirpus fluviatilis (Torrey) Gray
Scirpus maritimus Linnaeus var. fluviatilis Torrey
maritimus (Linnaeus) Palla subsp. paludosus (A. Nelson) T. Koyama [M&H; W&S]
saltmarsh bulrush
Scirpus brittonianus Piper
Scirpus campestris Britton
Scirpus maritimus Linnaeus var. paludosus (A. Nelson) Koyama
Scirpus paludosus A. Nelson
Bulbostylis hair-sedge
Kral, R. 1971. A treatment of Abildgaardia, Bulbostylis and Fimbristylis (Cyperaceae) for North America. Sida 4:57-
227.
Kral, R.. 2002. Bulbostylis, pp.131-136. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 23. Oxford University Press.
californica Torrey & Gray = Brickellia californica (Torrey & Gray) Gray [Asteraceae]
capillaris (Linnaeus) Kunth ex C.B. Clarke [Kral 2002; M&H; W&S]
tufted hairsedge
Scirpus capillaris Linnaeus
Stenophyllus capillaris (Linnaeus) Britton
funckii (Steudel) C.B. Clarke [Kral 2002; M&H; W&S]
Funck’s hairsedge
Isolepis funckii Steudel
Stenophyllus funckii (Steudel) Britton
juncoides (Vahl) Kükenthal [Kral 1971; Kral 2002]
rush hairsedge
Schoenus juncoides Vahl
schaffneri (Boeckeler) C.B. Clarke [Kral 2002; M&H]
Schaffner’s hairsedge
Scirpus schaffneri Boeckeler
Carex sedge, caric-sedge

469
Allred, K.W. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 14:4. [Carex planostachys]
Ball, P.W. & A.A. Reznicek. 2002. Carex, pp. 254-572. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 23. Oxford University Press.
Cochrane, T.S. 1981. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 28:186-187. [Carex leptopoda]
Coop, J. 2002. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 24:7. [Carex phaeocephala]
Coop, J. 2003. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 25:7. [Carex brunnescens, Carex conoidea]
Hartman, R.L. 1973. New plant records for New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 18(2):241-242. [Carex elynoides,
Carex oreocharis, Carex praticola]
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Carex deweyana, Carex rosea]
Heil, K. & S. O'Kane. 2007. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 41:7. [Carex nigricans, Carex
praeceptorium]
Hermann, F.J. 1970. Manual of the Carices of the Rocky Mountains and Colorado Basin. USDA Agric. Handb. No.
374.
Hermann, F.J. 1974. Manual of the Genus Carex in Mexico and Central America. USDA Agric. Handb. No. 467.
Hipp, A. 2003. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 28:8. [Carex egglestonii]
Jones, S.D., C.T. Bryson, and J.E. Ubelaker. 1993. Carex blanda and Kyllinga odorata (Cyperaceae) new to New
Mexico and a significant range extension of Cyperus retrorsus. Sida 15(3):552-553.
Keller, C.F. 2005. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 32:7. [Carex pyrenaica]
Mackenzie, K.K. 1915. Two new sedges from the southwestern United States. Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 65(7):1-3.
[Carex wootonii, Carex rusbyi]
Mackenzie, K.K. 1931-1935. North American Flora. 18. Cyperaceae, Tribe 2, Caricae. New York Botanical Garden.
McGrath, J. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 12:8. [Carex diandra]
McGrath, J. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Carex geyeri, Carex jonesii]
McGrath, J. 2002. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 24:7. [Carex illota]
McGrath, J. 2003. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 25:7. [Carex macloviana]
McGrath, J. 2005. Plant distribution reports (Carex deweyana). The New Mexico Botanist 33:7.
Murray, D.F. 1969. Taxonomy of Carex sect. Atratae (Cyperaceae) in the southern Rocky Mountains. Brittonia 21:55-
76.
Mygatt, J. 2009. Plant distribution reports [Carex tahoensis]. The New Mexico Botanist 46:7.
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Carex angustior, Carex
sprengelii]
Reznicek, A.A. 1993. Revision of Carex section Ovales (Cyperaceae) in Mexico. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19:97-
137.
Roalson, E.H., S.D. Jones, & K.W. Allred. 1995. Carex amplifolia and Carex rossii (Cyperaceae), new to New
Mexico and a key to section Montanae in New Mexico. Sida 16(3):592-594.
Sivinski, R. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 20:8. [Carex albonigra]
Standley, L.A. 1985. Systematics of the Acutae group of Carex (Cyperaceae) in the Pacific Northwest. Syst. Bot.
Monogr. 7:1-106. [Carex scopulorum]
Weber, W.A., B.C. Johnston, & D. Wilken. 1979. Additions to the flora of Colorado. VI. Phytologia 41(7):486-500.
[Carex rostrata vs. Carex utriculata]
Worthington, R.D. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 10:7. [Carex muriculata]
Worthington, R.D. 2002. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 22:7. [Carex lativena]
Worthington, R.D. 2003. Plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 26:7. [Carex chihuahuensis]
Worthington, R.D. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 29:7. [Carex microdonta]
Worthington, R. 2005. Plant distribution reports (Arnica latifolia, Carex bebbii, Carex capitata, Carex garberi). The
New Mexico Botanist 32:7.
agrostoides Mackenzie = Carex alma L.H. Bailey
albonigra Mackenzie [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; Sivinski 2001]
black-and-white-scale sedge
alma L.H. Bailey [M&H; Ball & Resnicek 2002; W&S]
grass-leaf sedge
Carex agrostoides Mackenzie
alpina Liljeblad var. stevenii T.Holm = Carex stevenii (T. Holm) Kalela
amplifolia F. Boott [Ball & Reznicek 2002; Roalson et al. 1995]
big-leaf sedge
angustior Linnaeus = Carex echinata Mur.
aquatilis Wahlenberg var. aquatilis [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
leafy tussock sedge
Carex variabilis Bailey
atherodes Sprengel [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
wheat sedge
athrostachya Olney [M&H]
slender-beak sedge
Carex tenuirostris Olney

470
atrata auctores = Carex chalciolepis T. Holm
aurea Nuttall [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
golden sedge
Carex hassei Bailey
aureolensis Steudel [Ball & Reznicek 2002]
Aureola sedge
Carex frankii sensu M&H
bebbii (L.H. Bailey) Olney ex Fernald [Worthington 2005]
Bebb’s sedge
Carex tribuloides W. Herbert var. bebbii L.H.Bailey
bella Bailey [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; Murray 1969; W&S]
southwestern sedge
bicknellii Britton : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
blanda Dewey [Ball & Reznicek 2002; Jones et al. 1993]
woodland sedge
bolanderi Olney [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
Bolander’s sedge
Carex deweyana Schweinitz var. bolanderi (Olney) W. Boott
brevior (Dewey) Mackenzie ex Lunell [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
short-beak sedge
Carex festucacea Schkuhr var. brevior (Dewey) Fernald
Carex straminea Willdenow var. brevior Dewey
brittoniana Bailey [=Carex tetrastachya Scheele]: Reported by M&H, but not known from NM
(S.D. Jones pers. comm.; Ball & Reznicek 2002)
brunnescens (Persoon) Poiret [Coop 2003]
brownish sedge
Carex curta Goodenough var. brunnescens Persoon
camporum Mackenzie = Carex praegracilis W. Boott
canescens Linnaeus [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H]
hoary sedge
capillaris Linnaeus [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
hair-like sedge
Carex capillaris Linnaeus var. elongata Olney
Carex capillaris Linnaeus var. major Drejer
capillaris Linnaeus var. elongata Olney = Carex capillaris Linnaeus
capillaris Linnaeus var. major Drejer = Carex capillaris Linnaeus
capitata Linnaeus [Worthington 2005]
capitate sedge
chalciolepis T. Holm [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; Murray 1969]
two-nerve sedge
Carex atrata of NM reports
Carex heteroneura W. Boott var. chalciolepis (Holm) F.J. Hermann
chihuahuensis Mackenzie [Worthington 2003]
Chihuahuan sedge
conoidea Willdenow [Coop 2003]
open-field sedge
curta Goodenough var. brunnescens Persoon = Carex brunnescens (Persoon) Poiret
deweyana Schweinitz [Hartman 2006; McGrath 2005]
Dewey’s sedge
deweyana Schweinitz var. bolanderi (Olney) W. Boott = Carex bolanderi Olney
diandra Schrank [McGrath 1999]
lesser tussock sedge
disperma Dewey [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
soft-leaf sedge
Carex tenella Schkuhr
douglasii F. Boott [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]

471
 Douglas’s sedge
drummondiana Dewey = Carex rupestris Bellardi var. drummondiana (Dewey) Bailey
duriuscula C.A. Meyer [M&H]
spike-rush sedge
Carex eleocharis Bailey
Carex stenophylla auctores
Carex stenophylla Wahlenberg var. eleocharis (Bailey) Breitung
ebenea Rydberg [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
ebony sedge
echinata Murray [Peterson 2000]
star sedge
Carex angustior Linnaeus
egglestonii Mackenzie [Hipp 2003]
eleocharis Bailey = Carex duriuscula C.A. Meyer
elynoides Holm [Ball & Reznicek 2002; Hartman 1973; M&H]
black-root sedge
Carex filifolia Nuttall var. miser Bailey
emoryi Dewey [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
Emory’s sedge
Carex stricta Lamarck var. emoryi Bailey
festiva Dewey = Carex macloviana d’Urville
festiva sensu W&S : It is unclear which taxon is referrable to W&S’s ‘Carex festiva’.
festivella Mackenzie = Carex microptera Mackenzie
festucacea var. brevior (Dewey) Fernald = Carex brevior (Dewey) Mackenzie
filifolia Nuttall var. filifolia [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
thread-leaf sedge
filifolia Nuttall var. miser Bailey = Carex elynoides Holm
frankii sensu M&H = Carex aureolensis Steudel
garberi Fernald [Worthington 2005]
Garber’s sedge
geophila Mackenzie [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
White Mountain sedge
Carex pityophila Mackenzie
geyeri Boott [McGrath 2000]
Geyer’s sedge
gravida L.H. Bailey [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
heavy sedge
Carex gravida Bailey var. lunelliana (Mackenzie) F.J. Hermann
Carex lunelliana Mackenzie
gravida Bailey var. lunelliana (Mackenzie) F.J. Hermann = Carex gravida L.H. Bailey
halleri Gunn. [=Carex norvegica Retzius] : Not known from NM; our material referred to Carex
stevenii Holm [S.D. Jones, pers. comm.].
hassei Bailey = Carex aurea Nuttall
heliophila Mackenzie = Carex inops Bailey subsp. heliophila (Mackenzie) Crins
heteroneura W. Boott var. chalciolepis (Holm) F.J. Hermann = Carex chalciolepis T. Holm
hystricina Muhlenberg ex Willdenow [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
porcupine sedge
illota L.H. Bailey [McGrath 2002]
small-head sedge
inops Bailey subsp. heliophila (Mackenzie) Crins [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
stolon sedge
Carex heliophila Mackenzie
Carex pennsylvanica Lamarck var. digyna Boeckeler
interior Bailey [M&H; W&S]
inland sedge
jonesii Bailey [McGrath 2000]

472
 Jones’s sedge
kelloggii W. Boott = Carex lenticularis Michaux var. lipocarpa (Holm) L. Standley
lanuginosa auctores non Michaux = Carex pellita Muhlenberg ex Willdenow
latebrosa Mackenzie = Carex praegracilis W. Boott
lativena S.D. & G.D. Jones [Ball & Reznicek 2002; Worthington 2002]
broad-vein sedge
lenticularis Michaux var. lipocarpa (Holm) L. Standley [M&H; W&S] Note: Not reported for
NM by Ball & Reznicek (2002), but occurring in the surrounding states; perhaps warrants
verification.
lakeshore sedge
Carex kelloggii W. Boott
Carex vulgaris Fries var. lipocarpa Holm
leptalea Wahlenberg [Ball & Reznicek 200; M&H]
bristly-stalk sedge
liddonii Boott = Carex petasata Dewey
limosa Linnaeus : Reported by M&H, but not known from NM [Ball & Reznicek 2002; S.D. Jones
pers. comm.].
lunelliana Mackenzie = Carex gravida L.H. Bailey
macloviana d’Urville [McGrath 2003]
Falkland Island sedge
Carex festiva Dewwy
meadii Dewey : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
media of NM authors = Carex stevenii (T. Holm) Kalela
media R. Brown var. stevenii (Holm) Fernald = Carex stevenii (T. Holm) Kalela
microdonta Torrey & Hooker [Ball & Reznicek 2002; Worthington 2004]
little-tooth sedge
microptera Mackenzie [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H]
small-wing sedge
Carex festivella Mackenzie
muriculata F.J. Hermann [Ball & Reznicek 2002; Worthington 1999]
Trans-Pecos sege
nebrascensis Dewey [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
Nebraska sedge
neomexicana Mackenzie = Carex occidentalis Bailey
nigricans Meyer [Heil & O’Kane 2007]
black alpine sedge
norvegica Retzius subsp. stevenii (T. Holm) E. Murray = Carex stevenii (T. Holm) Kalela
nova Bailey [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; Murray 1969; W&S]
new sedge
obtusata Liljeblad [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
blunt sedge
occidentalis Bailey [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
New Mexico sedge
Carex neomexicana Mackenzie
oederi auctores non Retzius = Carex viridula Michaux
oederi Retzius subsp. viridula (Michaux) Kukenthal = Carex viridula Michaux
oreocharis Holm [Hartman 1973; M&H]
grassy-slope sedge
pellita Muhlenberg ex Willdenow [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
wooly sedge
Carex lanuginosa auctores non Michaux
pennsylvanica Lamarck var. digyna Boeckeler = Carex inops Bailey subsp. heliophila (Mackenzie)
Crins
petasata Dewey [M&H] Note: In naming Carex wootonii, Mackenzie (1915) argued that his new Carex
wootonii replaced what had been called Carex petasata in NM; merits verification.
Liddon sedge
Carex liddonii Boott

473
phaeocephala Piper [Coop 2002]
mountain hare sedge
pityophila Mackenzie = Carex geophila Mackenzie
planostachys Kunze [Allred 2000]
cedar sedge
praeceptorum Mackenzie [Heil & O’Kane 2007]
teacher’s sedge
praegracilis W. Boott [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
field sedge
Carex camporum Mackenzie
Carex latebrosa Mackenzie
praticola Rydberg [Hartman 1973; M&H]
meadow sedge
pyrenaica Wahlenberg [Keller 2005]
Pyrenean sedge
rosea Schkuhr ex Willdenow [Hartman et al. 2006]
rosy sedge
rossii F. Boott [Ball & Reznicek 2002; Roalson et al. 1995]
Ross’s sedge
rostrata Stokes : Not known from NM; our material mostly referrable to Carex utriculata F. Boott
[Ball & Reznicek 2002; Weber et al. 1979].
rostrata of NM reports = Carex utriculata F. Boott
rupestris Bellardi ex Allioni var. drummondiana (Dewey) Bailey [Hermann 1970] Note: Not
reported for NM by Ball & Reznicek (2002); perhaps warrants verification.
Drummond sedge
Carex drummondiana Dewey
rusbyi Mackenzie = Carex vallicola Dewey
scoparia Schkuhr ex Willdenow var. scoparia [M&H; W&S]
broom sedge
scopulorum Holm [Standley 1985; W&S]
Rocky Mountain sedge
senta F. Boott : Reported by M&H, but NM material is identified as Carex stricta Lamarck [Ball &
Reznicek 2002].
siccata Dewey [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
dry-spike sedge
simulata Mackenzie [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
analogue sedge
spissa L.H. Bailey [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
Cochise sedge
Carex spissa L.H. Bailey var. ultra (L.H. Bailey) Kükenthal
Carex ultra L.H. Bailey
spissa L.H. Bailey var. ultra (L.H. Bailey) Kükenthal = Carex spissa L.H. Bailey
sprengelii Dewey [Peterson 2000]
Sprengel’s sedge
stenophylla auctores = Carex duriuscula C.A. Meyer
stenophylla Wahlenberg var. eleocharis (Bailey) Breitung = Carex duriuscula C.A. Meyer
stevenii (T. Holm) Kalela [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; Murray 1969; W&S]
Steven’s sedge
Carex alpina Liljeblad var. stevenii T.Holm
Carex media of NM authors
Carex media R. Brown var. stevenii (Holm) Fernald
Carex norvegica Retzius subsp. stevenii (Holm) E. Murray
stipata Muhlenberg ex Willdenow var. stipata [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
crowded sedge
stricta Lamarck [Ball & Reznicek 2002]
upright sedge

474
 straminea Willdenow var. brevior Dewey = Carex brevior (Dewey) Mackenzie ex Lunell
stricta Lamarck var. emoryi Bailey = Carex emoryi Dewey
subfusca W. Boott [Ball & Reznicek 2002; Reznicek 1993; W&S]
rusty sedge
tahoensis Smiley [Mygatt 2009]
Tahoe sedge
tenella Schkuhr = Carex disperma Dewey
tenera Dewey : Reported by Abrams (1940-1960), but this questioned in view of its distribution in
Wyoming and northward; awaits verification.
tenuirostris Olney = Carex athrostachya Olney
tribuloides W. Herbert var. bebbii L.H.Bailey = Carex bebbii (L.H. Bailey) Olney ex Fernald
ultra Bailey = Carex spissa L.H. Bailey
utriculata F. Boott [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
Northwest Territory sedge
Carex rostrata of NM reports
vallicola Dewey [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
Rusby’s sedge
Carex rusbyi Mackenzie
Carex vallicola Dewey var. rusbyi (Mackenzie) F.J. Hermann
vallicola Dewey var. rusbyi (Mackenzie) F.J. Hermann = Carex vallicola Dewey
variabilis Bailey = Carex aquatilis Wahlenberg
vesicaria Linnaeus : Reported by M&H, but this questioned in view of its distribution; awaits
verification.
viridula Michaux var. viridula [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H]
little green sedge
Carex oederi auctores non Retzius
Carex oederi Retzius subsp. viridula (Michaux) Kukenthal
vulgaris Fries var. lipocarpa Holm = Carex lenticularis Michaux var. lipocarpa (Holm) L. Standley
vulpinoidea Michaux [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H]
fox sedge
wootonii Mackenzie [Ball & Reznicek 2002; M&H; W&S]
Wooton’s sedge
xerantica Bailey : Reported by M&H, but this questioned in view of its distribution in Wyoming and
northward; awaits verification.
Cladium saw-grass
Allred, K.W. 2003. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 26:7. [Cladium californicum]
californicum (S. Watson) O’Neill [Allred 2003; M&H; W&S]
Cladium mariscus (Linnaeus) Pohl var. californicum S. Watson
swamp saw-grass
mariscus (Linnaeus) Pohl var. californicum S. Watson = Cladium californicum (S. Watson) O’Neill
Cyperus flat-sedge
Adams, T. 1998. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 7:6. [Cyperus bipartitus]
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Cyperus rotundus]
Carter, R. & S.D. Jones. 1997. Notes on the Cyperus retroflexus complex (Cyperaceae) with three nomenclatural
proposals. Rhodora 99:319-334.
Horvat, M.L. 1941. A revision of the subgenus Mariscus found in the U.S.A. Catholic Univ. Amer., Biol. Ser. 33:1-
147. [Cyperus niger]
Jones, S.D., C.T. Bryson, and J.E. Ubelaker. 1993. Carex blanda and Kyllinga odorata (Cyperaceae) new to New
Mexico and a significant range extension of Cyperus retrorsus. Sida 15(3):552-553.
Jones, S.D., A.A. Reznicek, & G.D. Jones. 1993. Cyperus setigerus (Cyperaceae) new for New Mexico. Sida
15(4):655-656.
Jones, S.D., J.K. Wipff, & R. Carter. 1996. Nomenclatural combinations in Cyperus (Cyperaceae). Phytologia
80(4):288-290.
Kessler, J.W. 1984. Cyperus ovularis (Michaux) Torrey var. cylindricus (Ell.) Torrey new to New Mexico. Sida
10:258.
Schippers, P., S.J. Ter Borg, & J.J. Bos. 1995. A revision of the infraspecific taxonomy of Cyperus esculentus (yellow
nutsedge) with an experimentally evaluated character set. Syst. Bot. 20(4):461-481.
Tucker, G.C. 1985. Cyperus flavicomus, the correct name for Cyperus albomarginatus. Rhodora 87:539-541.
Tucker, G.C. 1994. Revision of the Mexican species of Cyperus (Cyperaceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 43:1-213.
Tucker, G.C. 1996. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 4:8. [Cyperus strigosus]

475
Tucker, G.C., B.G. Marcks, & J.R. Carter. 2002. Cyperus, pp. 141-191. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 23. Oxford
University Press.
Worthington, R.D. 2009. Plant distribution reports [Cyperus pseudothyrsiflorus]. The New Mexico Botanist 48:7.
acuminatus Torrey & Hooker ex Torrey [M&H; W&S] Note: Not reported for NM by Tucker et al.
(2002), but listed for all states surrounding NM.
taper-tip flat-sedge
Cyperus cyrtolepis Torrey & Hooker
aggregatus (Willdenow) Endlicher [M&H; Tucker 1994; Tucker et al. 2002]
inflated flat-sedge
Cyperus flavus (Hahl) Nees
Cyperus huarmensis (Kunth) M.C. Johnston
Mariscus aggregatus Willdenow
albomarginatus (Martius & Schrader ex Nees) Steudel = Cyperus flavicomus Michaux
aristatus Rottboell = Cyperus squarrosus Linnaeus
bipartitus Torrey [Adams 1998; Tucker et al. 2002]
shining flat-sedge
compressus Linnaeus [Tucker 1994; Tucker et al. 2002]
poorland flat-sedge
cyrtolepis Torrey & Hooker = Cyperus acuminatus Torrey & Hooker
difformis Linnaeus [Tucker 1994; Tucker et al. 2002]
variable flat-sedge
dipsaceus Liebmann [Tucker 1994; Tucker et al. 2002]
Wright’s flat-sedge
Cyperus wrightii Britton
echinatus (Linnaeus) Wood : Kartesz (1999) reports this species for NM, apparently based on a
misinterpretation of Cyperus ovularis sensu stricto in Tucker (1984); awaits
verification.
elegans Linnaeus [Tucker 1994; Tucker et al. 2002]
royal flat-sedge
erythrorhizos Muhlenberg [M&H; Tucker et al. 2002; W&S]
red-root flat-sedge
esculentus Linnaeus var. leptostachyus Boeckeler [M&H; Tucker et al. 2002; W&S]
chufa, yellow nut-sedge
esculentus Linnaeus var. macrostachyus Boeckeler [M&H; Tucker et al. 2002; W&S]
chufa, yellow nut-sedge
fendlerianus Boeckeler var. debilis (Britton) Kükenthal = Cyperus sphaerolepis Boeckeler
fendlerianus Boeckeler [M&H; Tucker et al. 2002; W&S]
Fendler’s flat-sedge
ferax L.C.M. Richard = Cyperus odoratus Linnaeus var. squarrosus (Britton) Jones, Wipff, & Carter
ferruginescens Boeckeler = Cyperus odoratus Linnaeus var. squarrosus (Britton) Jones, Wipff, &
Carter
filiculmis sensu western authors [= Cyperus lupulinus (Sprengel) B.G. Marcks] : Reported as
expected by M&H; awaits verification; the true Cyperus filiculmis Vahl is a species
of the eastern coastal plains. [Tucker 1994].
flavicomus Michaux [M&H; Tucker 1985; Tucker et al. 2002]
white-edge flat-sedge
Cyperus albomarginatus (Martius & Schrader ex Nees) Steudel
flavus (Hahl) Nees = Cyperus aggregatus (Willdenow) Endlicher
huarmensis (Kunth) M.C. Johnston = Cyperus aggregatus (Willdenow) Endlicher
inflexus Muhlenberg = Cyperus squarrosus Linnaeus
laevigatus Linnaeus : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
lupulinus (Sprengel) B.G. Marcks : Reported as expected by M&H (as Carex filiculmis); awaits
verification.
myosuroides Villars = Kobresia myosuroides (Villars) Fiori & Paoli
niger Ruiz & Pavón [Horvat 1941; Tucker et al. 2002]
black flat-sedge
Cyperus niger Ruiz & Pavón var. capitatus (Britton) O'Neill

476
 Cyperus niger Ruiz & Pavon var. castaneus (S. Watson) Kükenthal
niger Ruiz & Pavón var. capitatus (Britton) O'Neill = Cyperus niger Ruiz & Pavón
niger Ruiz & Pavon var. castaneus (S. Watson) Kükenthal = Cyperus niger Ruiz & Pavón
odoratus Linnaeus var. squarrosus (Britton) Jones, Wipff, & Carter [M&H; Tucker et al.
2002; W&S]
rusty flat-sedge
Cyperus ferax L.C.M. Richard
Cyperus ferruginescens Boeckeler
Cyperus speciosus Vahl
Cyperus speciosus Vahl var. squarrosus Britton
pallidicolor (Kükenthal) G. Tucker [Tucker et al. 2002]
pale flat-sedge
parishii Britton [M&H; Tucker et al. 2002; W&S]
Parish’s flat-sedge
Cyperus sphacelatus Britton
pseudothyrsiflorus (Kukenthal) R. Carter & S.D. Jones [Worthington 2009]
false southern flat-sedge
Cyperus uniflorus Torrey & Hooker var. pseudothyrsiflorus Kukenthal
retroflexus Buckley var. pumilus (Britton) R. Carter & S.D. Jones [Carter & Jones 1997;
M&H; Tucker et al. 2002; W&S]
one-flowered flat-sedge
Cyperus uniflorus Torrey & Hooker, non Thunberg
Cyperus uniflorus Torrey & Hooker var. pumilus Britton
*rotundus Linnaeus [Allred 1999; Tucker et al. 2002]
purple nut-sedge
rusbyi Britton = Cyperus sphaerolepis Boeckeler
schweinitzii Torrey [Tucker et al. 2002]
sand flat-sedge
seslerioides Kunth : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
sesquiflorus (Torrey) Mattfeld & Kükenthal = Kyllinga odorata Vahl
setigerus Torrey & Hooker [Jones et al. 1993; Tucker et al. 2002]
lean flat-sedge
speciosus Vahl = Cyperus odoratus Linnaeus var. squarrosus (Britton) Jones, Wipff, & Carter
speciosus Vahl var. squarrosus Britton = Cyperus odoratus Linnaeus var. squarrosus (Britton) Jones,
Wipff, & Carter
spectabilis Link : Reported by Kartesz (1999), but not verified by Tucker et al. (2002).
sphacelatus Britton = Cyperus parishii Britton
sphaerolepis Boeckeler [M&H; Tucker 1994; Tucker et al. 2002; W&S]
Rusby’s flat-sedge
Cyperus fendlerianus Boeckeler var. debilis (Britton) Kükenthal
Cyperus rusbyi Britton
squarrosus Linnaeus [M&H; Tucker et al. 2002; W&S]
awned flat-sedge
Cyperus aristatus Rottboell Note: This name is illegitimate, being superfluous at the time of
publication.
Cyperus inflexus Muhlenberg
strigosus Linnaeus [Tucker 1996; Tucker et al. 2002]
straw-color flat-sedge
tetragonus Elliott [Tucker et al. 2002]
four-angle flat-sedge
uniflorus Torrey & Hooker, non Thunberg = Cyperus retroflexus Buckley var. pumilus (Britton) R.
Carter & S.D. Jones
uniflorus Torrey & Hooker var. pseudothyrsiflorus Kukenthal = Cyperus pseudothyrsiflorus
(Kukenthal) R. Carter & S.D. Jones
uniflorus Torrey & Hooker var. pumilus Britton = Cyperus retroflexus Buckley var. pumilus
(Britton) R. Carter & S.D. Jones
wrightii Britton = Cyperus dipsaceus Liebmann

477
Eleocharis spike-rush
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Eleocharis geniculata]
Harms, L.J. 1972. Cytotaxonomy of the Eleocharis tenuis complex. Amer. J. Bot. 59:483-487.
Hartman, R.L. 1973. New plant records for New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 18(2):241-242. [Eleocharis
compressa]
Larson, B.M.H. & P.M. Catling. 1996. The separation of Eleocharis obtusa and Eleocharis ovata (Cyperaceae) in
eastern Canada. Can. J. Bot. 74:238-242.
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, & C. Keller. 1995 [1996]. Additions to the floras of Colorado and New Mexico. Phytologia
79(5):319-324. [Eleocharis bella]
Smith, S.G. 2001. Taxonomic innovations in North American Eleocharis (Cyperaceae). Novon 11(2):241-257.
[Eleocharis acicularis porcata]
Smith, S.G., J.J. Bruhl, M.S. Gonzalez-Elizondo, & F.J. Menapace. 2002. Eleocharis, pp. 60-120. IN: Flora of North
America, vol. 23. Oxford University Press.
acicularis (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes [Smith 2001; Smith et al. 2002]
needle spike-rush
Eleocharis acicularis (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes var. porcata S.G. Smith
Scirpus acicularis Linnaeus
acicularis (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes var. bella Piper = Eleocharis bella (Piper) Svenson
acicularis (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes var. porcata S.G. Smith = Eleocharis acicularis (Linnaeus)
Roemer & Schultes
acicularis (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes var. radicans (Poiret) Britton = Eleocharis radicans (A.
Dietrich) Kunth
acutisquamata Buckley = Eleocharis compressa Sullivant var. acutisquamata (Buckley) S.G. Smith
albida Torrey [Smith et al. 2002]
white spike-rush
arenicola Torrey = Eleocharis montevidensis Kunth
atropurpurea (Retzius) J. & C. Presl [M&H; Smith et al. 2002]
purple spike-rush
Scirpus atropurpureus Retzius
bella (Piper) Svenson [Sivinski et al. 1995; Smith et al. 2002]
delicate spike-rush
Eleocharis acicularis (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes var. bella Piper
cancellata S. Watson : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
caribaea auctores non (Rottboell) S.F. Blake = Eleocharis geniculata (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes
coloradoensis (Britton) Gilly [M&H; Smith et al. 2002]
dwarf spike-rush
Eleocharis parvula sensu M&H
Eleocharis parvula (Roemer & Schultes) Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schauer var. anachaeta
(Torrey) Svenson
Scirpus coloradoensis Britton
compressa Sullivant var. acutisquamata (Buckley) S.G. Smith [Hartman 1973; M&H; Smith et
al. 2002]
flat-stem spike-rush
Eleocharis acutisquamata Buckley
cylindrica Buckley : Reported questionably by Kartesz (1999), but not by Smith et al. (2002); awaits
verification.
engelmannii Steudel [M&H; Smith et al. 2002; W&S]
Engelmann’s spike-rush
Eleocharis engelmannii Steudel var. monticola (Fernald) Svenson
Eleocharis monticola Fernald
Eleocharis obtusa (Willdenow) Schultes var. engelmannii (Steudel) Gilly
engelmannii Steudel var. monticola (Fernald) Svenson = Eleocharis engelmannii Steudel
erythropoda Steudel [Smith et al. 2002]
bald spike-rush
geniculata (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes [Allred 1999; Smith et al. 2002]
capitate spike-rush
Eleocharis caribaea auctores not (Rottboell) S.F. Blake
Scirpus geniculatus Linnaeus
glaucescens (Willdenow) Schultes = Eleocharis palustris (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes

478
 macrostachya Britton [M&H; Smith et al. 2002]
pale spike-rush
montana (Kunth) Roemer & Schultes [M&H; W&S] Note: Not reported for NM by Smith et al.
(2002); perhaps warrants verification.
mountain spike-rush
Eleocharis montana (Kunth) Roemer & Schultes var. nodulosa (Roth) Svenson
Scirpus montanus Kunth
montana (Kunth) Roemer & Schultes var. nodulosa (Roth) Svenson = Eleocharis montana (Kunth)
Roemer & Schultes
montevidensis Kunth [M&H; Smith et al. 2002]
sand spike-rush
Eleocharis arenicola Torrey
monticola Fernald = Eleocharis engelmannii Steudel
obtusa (Willdenow) Schultes [M&H] Note: Not reported for NM by Smith et al. (2002).
blunt spike-rush
Eleocharis ovata (Roth) Roemer & Schultes var. obtusa (Willdenow) Kükenthal
Scirpus obtusus Willdenow
obtusa (Willdenow) Schultes var. engelmannii (Steudel) Gilly = Eleocharis engelmannii Steudel
ovata (Roth) Roemer & Schultes var. obtusa (Willdenow) Kükenthal = Eleocharis obtusa
(Willdenow) Schultes
palustris (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes [M&H; Smith et al. 2002; W&S]
marshy spike-rush
Eleocharis glaucescens (Willdenow) Schultes
Scirpus palustris Linnaeus
parishii Britton [M&H; Smith et al. 2002]
Parish’s spike-rush
parvula sensu M&H = Eleocharis coloradoensis (Britton) Gilly
parvula (Roemer & Schultes) Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schauer var. anachaeta (Torrey) Svenson =
Eleocharis coloradoensis (Britton) Gilly
pauciflora (Lightfoot) Link = Eleocharis quinqueflora (F.X. Hartman) O. Schwarz
pauciflora (Lightfoot) Link var. suksdorfiana (Beauvois) Svenson = Eleocharis quinqueflora (F.X.
Hartman) O. Schwarz
quinqueflora (F.X. Hartman) O. Schwarz [M&H; Smith et al. 2002; W&S]
few-flowered spike-rush
Eleocharis pauciflora (Lightfoot) Link
Eleocharis pauciflora (Lightfoot) Link var. suksdorfiana (Beauvois) Svenson
Scirpus pauciflorus Lightfoot
Scirpus quinqueflorus F.X. Hartman
radicans (A. Dietrich) Kunth : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
Eleocharis acicularis (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes var. radicans (Poiret) Britton
rostellata (Torrey) Torrey [M&H; Smith et al. 2002; W&S]
beaked spike-rush
Scirpus rostellatus Torrey
uniglumis (Link) Schultes [Smith et al. 2002]
saltmarsh spike-rush
Scirpus uniglumis Link
Elytrospermum californicum C.A.Meyer = Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Meyer) Palla
Eriophorum cotton-grass
Ball, P.W. & D.E. Wujek. 2002. Eriophorum, pp. 21-27. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 23. Oxford University
Press.
angustifolium Honckeny subsp. angustifolium [M&H; W&S]
tall cotton-grass
Eriophorum polystachion Linnaeus, p.p.
polystachion Linnaeus, p.p. = Eriophorum angustifolium Roth
Fimbristylis fimbry
Kral, R. 1971. A treatment of Abildgaardia, Bulbostylis and Fimbristylis (Cyperaceae) for North America. Sida 4:57-
227.
Kral, R.. 2002. Fimbristylis, pp.121-131. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 23. Oxford University Press.

479
 baldwiniana (Schultes) Torrey : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
interior Britton = Fimbristylis puberula (Michaux) Vahl var. interior (Britton) Kral
puberula (Michaux) Vahl var. interior (Britton) Kral [Kral 2002; M&H]
hairy fimbry
Fimbristylis interior Britton
Fimbristylis spadicea sensu M&H
spadicea sensu M&H = Fimbristylis puberula (Michaux) Vahl var. interior (Britton) Kral
vahlii (Lamarck) Link : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
Fuirena umbrella-sedge
Kral, R. 1978. A synopsis of Fuirena (Cyperaceae) for the Americas north of South America. Sida 7:309-354.
Kral, R. 2002. Fuirena, pp. 32-37. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 23. Oxford University Press.
simplex Vahl var. aristulata (Torrey) Kral [Kral 2002]
western umbrella-sedge
Fuirena squarrosa Michaux var. aristulata Torrey
simplex Vahl var. simplex [Kral 1978; M&H]
western umbrella-sedge
squarrosa Michaux var. aristulata Torrey = Fuirena simplex Vahl var. aristulata (Torrey) Kral
Hemicarpha drummondii Nees = Lipocarpha drummondii (Nees) G.C. Tucker
micrantha (Vahl) Pax var. aristulata Coville = Lipocarpha aristulata (Coville) Tucker
micrantha (Vahl) Pax var. drummondii (Nees) Friedland = Lipocarpha drummondii (Nees) G.C.
Tucker
micrantha (Vahl) Pax var. minor (Schrader) Friedland = Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) Tucker
Isolepis funckii Steudel = Bulbostylis funckii (Steudel) C.B. Clarke
Kobresia kobresia
Ball, P.W. 2002. Kobresia, pp. 252-253. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 23. Oxford University Press.
bellardii (Allioni) Degland = Kobresia myosuroides (Villars) Fiori & Paoli
myosuroides (Villars) Fiori & Paoli [Ball 2002; M&H; W&S]
kobresia
Carex myosuroides Villars
Kobresia bellardii (Allioni) Degland
Kyllinga spike-sedge
Jones, S.D., C.T. Bryson, and J.E. Ubelaker. 1993. Carex blanda and Kyllinga odorata (Cyperaceae) new to New
Mexico and a significant range extension of Cyperus retrorsus. Sida 15(3):552-553.
Tucker, G.C. 1984. A revision of the genus Kyllinga Rottboell (Cyperaceae) in Mexico and Central America. Rhodora
86:507-538.
Tucker, G.C. 2002. Kyllinga, pp. 193-194. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 23. Oxford University Press.
odorata Vahl [Jones et al. 1993; Tucker 2002]
fragrant spike-sedge
Cyperus sesquiflorus (Torrey) Mattfeld & Kükenthal
Lipocarpha chaff-sedge
Friedland, S. 1941. The American species of Hemicarpha. Amer. J. Bot. 28:855-861.
Tucker, G.C. 2002. Lipocarpha, pp. 195-197. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 23. Oxford University Press.
aristulata (Coville) G. Tucker [Friedland 1941; Tucker 2002]
awned chaff-sedge
Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax var. aristulata Coville
drummondii (Nees) G. Tucker [Friedland 1941; M&H; Tucker 2002; W&S]
Drummond’s chaff-sedge
Hemicarpha drummondii Nees
Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax var. drummondii (Nees) Friedland
micrantha (Vahl) G. Tucker [Friedland 1941; Tucker 2002]
small-flowered chaff-sedge
Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax var. minor (Schrader) Friedland
Scirpus micranthus Vahl
Mariscus aggregatus Willdenow = Cyperus aggregatus (Willdenow) Endlicher
Schoenoplectus bulrush
Raynal, J. 1976. Notes cyperologiques: 26. Le genre Schoenoplectus. II. L'amphicarpie et la sect. Supini. Adansonia,
series 2, 16:119-155.
Schuyler, A.E. 1974. Typification and application of the names Scirpus americanus Persoon, S. olneyi Gray, and S.
pungens Vahl. Rhodora 76(805):51-52.

480
 Smith, S.G. 1995. New combinations in North American Schoenoplectus, Bolboschoenus, Isolepis, and Trichophorum
(Cyperaceae). Novon 5:97-102.
Smith, S.G. 2002. Schoenoplectus, pp. 44-60. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 23. Oxford University Press.
acutus (Muhlenberg ex Bigelow) A. & D. Löve var. occidentalis (S. Watson) Smith
[M&H; Smith 2002; W&S]
hardstem bulrush
Scirpus acutus of NM authors
Scirpus acutus Muhlenberg ex Bigelow var. occidentalis (S. Watson) Beetle
Scirpus lacustris Linnaeus var. occidentalis S. Watson
Scirpus occidentalis (S. Watson) Chase
americanus (Persoon) Volkart ex Schinz & R. Keller [M&H; Smith 2002; W&S]
chairmaker’s bulrush
Scirpus americanus Persoon
Scirpus olneyi Gray
americanus of NM authors, not Persoon = Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla
californicus (C.A. Meyer) Palla [M&H]
California bulrush
Elytrospermum californicum C.A.Meyer
Scirpus californicus (C.A. Meyer) Steudel
pungens (Vahl) Palla [M&H; Smith 2002; W&S]
three-square bulrush
Scirpus americanus of NM authors, not Persoon
Scirpus pungens Vahl
tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmelin) Palla [M&H; Smith 2002]
softstem bulrush
Scirpus tabernaemontani C.C. Gmelin
Scirpus validus Vahl
validus Vahl = Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmelin) Palla
Schoenus juncoides Vahl = Bulbostylis juncoides (Vahl) Kükenthal
Scirpus bulrush
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Scirpus pendulus]
Koyama, T. 1962. The genus Scirpus Linn. Some North American aphylloid species. Can. J. Bot. 40:913-937.
Koyama, T. 1963. The genus Scirpus Linn. Critical species in the section Pterolepis. Can. J. Bot. 41:1107-1131.
Schuyler, A.E. 1966. The taxonomic delineation of Scirpus lineatus and Scirpus pendulus. Notulae Naturae, Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 3:1-3.
Schuyler, A.E. 1974. Typification and application of the names Scirpus americanus Persoon, S. olneyi Gray, and S.
pungens Vahl. Rhodora 76(805):51-52.
Smith, S.G. 1995. New combinations in North American Schoenoplectus, Bolboschoenus, Isolepis, and Trichophorum
(Cyperaceae). Novon 5:97-102.
Smith, S.G. & G. Yatskievych. 1996. Notes on the genus Scirpus sensu lato in Missouri. Rhodora 98:168-179.
Whittemore, A.T. & A.E. Schuyler. Scirpus, pp. 8-21. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 23. Oxford University Press.
acutus Muhlenberg ex Bigelow s.s. : Not known from NM (Smith 1995)
acicularis Linnaeus = Eleocharis acicularis (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes
acutus of NM authors = Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhlenberg ex Bigelow) A. & D. Löve var.
occidentalis (S. Watson) Smith
acutus Muhlenberg ex Bigelow var. occidentalis (S. Watson) Beetle = Schoenoplectus acutus
(Muhlenberg ex Bigelow) A. & D. Löve var. occidentalis (S. Watson) Smith
americanus of NM authors = Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla
americanus Persoon s.s. = Schoenoplectus americanus (Persoon) Volk.
atropurpureus Retzius = Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retzius) J. & C. Presl
atrovirens sensu W&S = Scirpus pallidus (Britton) Fernald
atrovirens Muhlenberg var. pallidus Britton = Scirpus pallidus (Britton) Fernald
brittonianus Piper = Bolboschoenus maritimus (Linnaeus) Palla subsp. paludosus (A. Nelson) T.
Koyama
californicus (C.A. Meyer) Steudel = Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Meyer) Palla
campestris Britton = Bolboschoenus maritimus (Linnaeus) Palla subsp. paludosus (A. Nelson) T.
Koyama
capillaris Linnaeus = Bulbostylis capillaris (Linnaeus) Kunth ex C.B. Clarke
coloradoensis Britton = Eleocharis coloradoensis (Britton) Gilly
fluviatilis (Torrey) Gray = Bolboschoenus fluviatilis (Torrey) V. Soják
geniculatus Linnaeus = Eleocharis geniculata (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes

481
 lacustris Linnaeus var. occidentalis S. Watson = Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhlenberg ex Bigelow)
A. & D. Löve var. occidentalis (S. Watson) Smith
maritimus Linnaeus var. fluviatilis Torrey = Bolboschoenus fluviatilis (Torrey) V. Soják
maritimus Linnaeus var. paludosus (A. Nelson) Koyama = Bolboschoenus maritimus (Linnaeus)
Pallas subsp. paludosus (A. Nelson) T. Koyama
micranthus Vahl = Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G.C. Tucker
microcarpus J. & C. Presl [M&H; W&S]
red-tinged bulrush
montanus Kunth = Eleocharis montana (Kunth) Roemer & Schultes
obtusus Willdenow = Eleocharis obtusa (Willdenow) Schultes
occidentalis (S. Watson) Chase = Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhlenberg ex Bigelow) Löve & Löve
var. occidentalis (S. Watson) S.G. Smith
olneyi Gray = Schoenoplectus americanus (Persoon) Volkart ex Schinz & R. Keller
pallidus (Britton) Fernald [M&H]
pale bulrush
Scirpus atrovirens sensu W&S
Scirpus atrovirens Muhlenberg var. pallidus Britton
paludosus A. Nelson = Bolboschoenus maritimus (Linnaeus) Pallas subsp. paludosus (A. Nelson) T.
Koyama
palustris Linnaeus = Eleocharis palustris (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes
pauciflorus Lightfoot = Eleocharis quinquiflora (F.X. Hartman) O. Schwarz
pendulus Muhlenberg [Allred 1999]
rufous bulrush
pungens Vahl = Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla
quinqueflorus F.X. Hartman = Eleocharis quinqueflora (F.X. Hartman) O. Schwarz
rostellatus Torrey = Eleocharis rostellata (Torrey) Torrey
schaffneri Boeckeler = Bulbostylis schaffneri (Boeckeler) C.B. Clarke
tabernaemontani C.C. Gmelin = Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmelin) Palla
uniglumis Link = Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schultes
validus Vahl = Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmelin) Palla
Stenophyllus capillaris (Linnaeus) Britton = Bulbostylis capillaris (Linnaeus) C. B. Clarke
funckii (Steudel) Britton = Bulbostylis funckii (Steudel) C.B. Clarke

Family DRACAENACEAE = AGAVACEAE

Family GRAMINEAE = POACEAE

Family HYACINTHACEAE
Muscari grape-hyacinth
Straley, G.B. & F.H. Utech. 2002. Muscari, pp. 316-318. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University
Press, New York.
*neglectum Gussone ex Tenore [M&H; Straley & Utech 2002]
grape-hyacinth
Muscari racemosum (Linnaeus) Miller
racemosum (Linnaeus) Miller = Muscari neglectum Gussone ex Tenore

Family HYDROCHARITACEAE
[Najadaceae]
Anacharis canadensis (Michaux) Planchon = Elodea canadensis Michaux
densa (Planchon) Victorin = Egeria densa Planchon
nuttallii Planchon = Elodea nuttallii (Planchon) St. John
occidentalis (Pursh) Victorin = Elodea nuttallii (Planchon) St. John
Caulinia guadalupensis Sprengel = Najas guadalupensis (Sprengel) Magnus
Egeria waterweed
Cook, C.D.K. & K. Urmi-Konig. 1984. A revision of the genus Egeria (Hydrocharitaceae). Aquatic Bot. 13:485-504.
*densa Planchon [M&H]
Brazilian waterweed
Anacharis densa (Planchon) Victorin

482
 Elodea densa (Planchon) Caspary
Philotria densa (Planchon) Small
Elodea waterweed
Catling, P.M. & W. Wojtas. 1986. The waterweeds (Elodea and Egeria, Hydrocharitaceae) in Canada. Canad. J. Bot.
64:1525-1541.
bifoliata St. John [M&H]
two-leaf waterweed
Elodea longivaginata St. John
canadensis Michaux [M&H]
Canadian waterweed
Anacharis canadensis (Michaux) Planchon
Elodea planchonni Caspary
Philotria canadensis (Michaux) Britton
densa (Planchon) Caspary = Egeria densa Planch
longivaginata St. John = Elodea bifoliata St. John
nuttallii (Planchon) St. John [M&H]
western waterweed
Anacharis nuttallii Planchon
Anacharis occidentalis (Pursh) Victorin
planchonni Caspary = Elodea canadensis Michaux
Naias = Najas
Najas water-nymphs
Clausen, R.T. 1936. Studies in the genus Najas in the northern United States. Rhodora 38:333-345.
guadalupensis (Sprengel) Magnus [M&H; W&S]
Guadalupe water-nymph
Caulinia guadalupensis Sprengel
marina Linnaeus [M&H]
spiny water-nymph
Philotria canadensis (Michaux) Britton = Elodea canadensis Michaux
densa (Planchon) Small = Egeria densa Planchon
Vallisneria eel-grass
americana Michaux [M&H]
American eel-grass
Vallisneria spiralis auctores
spiralis auctores = Vallisneria americana Michaux

Family HYPOXIDACEAE
Hypoxis star-grass
Herndon, A. 1992. Nomenclatural notes on North American Hypoxis (Hypoxidaceae). Rhodora 94:43-47.
Herndon, A. 2002. Hypoxis, pp. 201-204. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New York.
Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey, & C. Keller. 1995 [1996]. Additions to the floras of Colorado and New Mexico. Phytologia
79(5):319-324.
hirsuta (Linnaeus) Coville [Sivinski et al. 1995]
yellow star-grass
Ornithogalum hirsutum Linnaeus

Family IRIDACEAE
Hydastylus longipes Bicknell = Sisyrinchium longipes (Bicknell) Kearney & Peebles
Iris iris
Foster, R.C. 1937. A cyto-taxonomic survey of the North American species of Iris. Contr. Gray herb. 119:3-82.
Henderson, N.C.. 2002. Iris, pp. 371-395. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New York.
Mygatt, J. 2007. Plant distribution reports [Iris pseudacorus]. The New Mexico Botanist 39:7.
missouriensis Nuttall [Henderson 2002; M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain iris
*pseudacorus Linnaeus [Mygatt 2007]
false sweet-flag
Orelirion arizonicum (Rothrock) Bicknell = Sisyrinchium arizonicum Rothrock
Sisyrinchium blue-eyed-grass

483
 Cholewa, A.F. & D.M. Henderson. 2002. Sisyrinchium, pp. 351-371. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford
University Press, New York.
Goldblatt, P., P. Rudall, & J.E. Henrich. 1990. The genera of the Sisyrinchium alliance (Iridaceae: Iridoideae):
Phylogeny and relationships. Syst. Bot. 15(3):497-510.
Henderson, D.M. 1976. A biosystematic study of Pacific northwestern blue-eyed- grasses (Sisyrinchium, Iridaceae).
Brittonia 28:149-176.
Hess, W.J. 1975. Notes on the flora of the Mogollon Mountains, New Mexico. Sida 6:48-51. [Sisyrinchium longipes]
Mosquin, T. 1970. Chromosome numbers and a proposal for classification in Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae). Madroño
20:269-275.
arizonicum Rothrock [Chowlewa & Henderson 2002; M&H; W&S]
Arizona blue-eyed-grass
Orelirion arizonicum (Rothrock) Bicknell
campestre Bicknell : Reported by M&H and W&S, but Cholewa & Henderson show the range of
this species as central Kansas and eastward; our plants probably belong to
Sisyrinchium montanum; awaits verification.
demissum Greene [Chowlewa & Henderson 2002; M&H; W&S]
stiff blue-eyed-grass
elmeri Greene : NM reports of this species belong to Sisyrinchium longipes (Bicknell) Kearney &
Peebles; Sisyrinchium elmeri Greene is endemic to California.
idahoense Bicknell var. occidentale (Bicknell) D.M. Henderson [Chowlewa & Henderson
2002; M&H; W&S]
western blue-eyed-grass
Sisyrinchium occidentale Bicknell
longipes (Bicknell) Kearney & Peebles [Chowlewa & Henderson 2002; Hess 1975]
timberland blue-eyed-grass
Hydastylus longipes Bicknell
montanum Greene var. montanum [Chowlewa & Henderson 2002; M&H]
mountain blue-eyed-grass
occidentale Bicknell = Sisyrinchium idahoense Bicknell var. occidentale (Bicknell) D.M. Henderson

Family JUNCACEAE
Cronquist, A. 1977. Juncaceae, pp. 47-67. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 6. New York Botanical Garden.
Juncoides intermedium (Thuiller) Rydberg = Luzula multiflora (Retzius) Lejeune
parviflorum (Ehrhart) Coville = Luzula parviflora (Ehrhart) Desvaux
spicatum (Linnaeus) Kuntze = Luzula spicata (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle
Juncus rush
Brooks, R.E. & S.E. Clemants. 2000. Juncus, p. 211-255. IN: Flora North America, vol. 22. Oxford University Press.
Hermann, F.J. 1975. Manual of the rushes (Juncus spp.) of the Rocky Mountains and Colorado Basin. USDA For.
Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-18. 107 pp.
Hurd, E.G., S. Goodrich, & N.L. Shaw. 1997. Field guide to Intermountain rushes. USDA For. Ser. Gen. Tech. Rep.
INT-306.
McGrath, J. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 12:8. [Juncus hallii]
acuminatus Michaux [Brooks & Clemants 2000; M&H]
knotty rush
albescens (Lange) Fernald = Juncus triglumis Linnaeus var. albescens Lange
arcticus Willdenow var. balticus (Willdenow) Trautvetter [Brooks & Clemants 2000; M&H;
W&S]
baltic rush
Juncus balticus Willdenow
Juncus balticus Willdenow var. montanus Engelmann
arcticus Willdenow var. mexicanus (Willdenow ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Balslev [Brooks
& Clemants 2000; M&H; W&S]
Mexican rush
Juncus balticus Willdenow var. mexicanus (Willdenow ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kuntze
Juncus mexicanus Willdenow ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes
arizonicus Wiegand = Juncus interior Wiegand
articulatus Linnaeus [Brooks & Clemants 2000; M&H]
jointed rush
badius Suksdorf = Juncus nevadensis S. Watson
balticus Willdenow = Juncus arcticus Willdenow var. balticus (Willdenow) Trautvetter

484
balticus Willdenow var. montanus Engelmann = Juncus arcticus Willdenow var. balticus
(Willdenow) Trautvetter
balticus Willdenow var. mexicanus (Willdenow) Kuntze = Juncus arcticus Willdenow var.
mexicanus (Willdenow ex Roemer & Schultes) Balslev
brachyphyllus Wiegand [Hermann 1975; W&S] Note: Brooks & Clemants (2000) report this taxon some
distance from NM; perhaps merits verification.
short-leaf rush
brunnescens Rydberg = Juncus ensifolius Wikström var. montanus (Engelmann) C.L. Hitchcock
bufonius Linnaeus [Brooks & Clemants 2000; M&H; W&S]
toad rush
castaneus J.E. Smith [Brooks & Clemants 2000; M&H; W&S]
chestnut rush
confusus Coville [M&H; W&S]
Colorado rush
dichotomus Elliott [M&H] Note: Brooks & Clemants (2000) do not include NM; perhaps merits
verification.
forked rush
drummondii E. Meyer [Brooks & Clemants 2000; M&H; W&S]
Drummond’s rush
dudleyi Wiegand [Brooks & Clemants 2000; M&H; W&S]
Dudley’s rush
Juncus tenuis Willdenow var. dudleyi (Wiegand) F.J. Hermann
effusus Linnaeus var. solutus Fernald & Wiegand : Reported by M&H, but NM specimens called
this have been identified as Juncus arcticus Willdenow and Juncus dudleyi
Wiegand.
ensifolius Wikström var. montanus (Engelmann) C.L. Hitchcock [Brooks & Clemants 2000;
M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain rush
Juncus brunnescens Rydberg
Juncus parous Rydberg
Juncus saximontanus A. Nelson
Juncus tracyi Rydberg
Juncus xiphioides E. Meyer var. montanus Engelmann
filiformis Linnaeus [M&H] Note: Brooks & Clemants (2000) report the distribution of this taxon to the
north and not in NM; perhaps merits verification.
thread rush
hallii Engelmann [McGrath 1999]
Hall’s rush
interior Wiegand var. arizonicus (Wiegand) F. J. Herm. = Juncus interior Wiegand
interior Wiegand [Brooks & Clemants 2000; M&H; W&S]
inland rush
Juncus arizonicus Wiegand
Juncus interior Wiegand var. arizonicus (Wiegand) F. J. Herm.
Juncus interior Wiegand var. neomexicanus (Wiegand) F.J. Hermann
Juncus neomexicanus Wiegand
interior Wiegand var. neomexicanus (Wiegand) F.J. Hermann = Juncus interior Wiegand
longistylis Torrey [Brooks & Clemants 2000;M&H; W&S]
long-style rush
longistylis Torrey var. scabratus F.J. Hermann [=Juncus macrophyllus Coville] : Reported as
expected by M&H, but not by Brooks & Clemants (2000); awaits verification.
macer S.F. Gray = Juncus tenuis Willdenow
marginatus Rostkovius [M&H]
grass-leaf rush
Juncus marginatus Rostkovius var. setosus Coville
Juncus setosus (Coville) Small
marginatus Rostkovius var. setosus Coville = Juncus marginatus Rostkovius
mertensianus Bongard [Brooks & Clemants 2000; M&H; W&S]

485
 Mertens’s rush
mexicanus Willdenow ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes = Juncus arcticus Willdenow var. mexicanus
(Willdenow ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Balslev
neomexicanus Wiegand = Juncus interior Wiegand
nevadensis S. Watson [Brooks & Clemants 2000; M&H; W&S]
Nevada rush
Juncus badius Suksdorf
Juncus nevadensis S. Watson var. badius (Suksdorf) C.L. Hitchcock
Juncus truncatus Rydberg
nevadensis S. Watson var. badius (Suksdorf) C.L. Hitchcock = Juncus nevadensis S. Watson
nodosus Linnaeus [Brooks & Clemants 2000; M&H; W&S]
joint-stem rush
nodosus Linnaeus var. megacephalus Torrey = Juncus torreyi Coville
parous Rydberg = Juncus ensifolius Wikström var. montanus (Engelmann) C.L. Hitchcock
parviflorus Ehrhart = Luzula parviflora (Ehrhart) Desvaux
saximontanus A. Nelson = Juncus ensifolius Wikström var. montanus (Engelmann) C.L. Hitchcock
setosus (Coville) Small = Juncus marginatus Rostkovius
spicatus Linnaeus = Luzula spicata (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle
tenuis Willdenow var. dudleyi (Wiegand) F.J. Hermann = Juncus dudleyi Wiegand
tenuis Willdenow [Brooks & Clemants 2000; M&H; W&S]
poverty rush
Juncus macer S.F. Gray
torreyi Coville [Brooks & Clemants 2000; M&H; W&S]
Torrey’s rush
Juncus nodosus Linnaeus var. megacephalus Torrey
tracyi Rydberg = Juncus ensifolius Wikström var. montanus (Engelmann) C.L. Hitchcock
triglumis Linnaeus var. albescens Lange [Brooks & Clemants 2000; M&H; W&S]
northern white rush
Juncus albescens (Lange) Fernald
truncatus Rydberg = Juncus nevadensis S. Watson
xiphioides E. Meyer [Brooks & Clemants 2000; M&H]
iris-leaf rush
xiphioides E. Meyer var. montanus Engelmann = Juncus ensifolius Wikström var. montanus
(Engelmann) C.L. Hitchcock
Luzula wood-rush
Correll, D.S. & H.B. Correll. 1972. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southwestern United States. Stanford Univ. Press.
[Luzula multiflora]
Swab, J.C. 2000. Luzula, p. 255-267. IN: Flora North America, vol. 22. Oxford Univerisity Press.
comosa E. Meyer [Swab 2000; M&H; W&S]
intermediate wood-rush
Juncoides intermedium (Thuiller) Rydberg
Luzula congesta (Thuiller) Lejeune
Luzula intermedia (Thuiller) A. Nelson
campestris (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle var. multiflora (Ehrhart) Celak. = Luzula multiflora
(Ehrhart) Jejeune
congesta (Thuiller) Lejeune = Luzula comosa E. Meyer
intermedia (Thuiller) A. Nelson = Luzula comosa E. Meyer
multiflora (Ehrhart) Lejeune : Reported by Correll & Correll (1972), but Swab’s distribution is far
removed from NM.
Luzula campestris (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle var. multiflora (Ehrhart) Celak.
parviflora (Ehrhart) Desvaux [Swab 2000; M&H; W&S]
small-flower wood-rush
Juncoides parviflorum (Ehrhart) Coville
Juncus parviflorus Ehrhart
spicata (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle [Swab 2000; M&H; W&S]
spike wood-rush
Juncoides spicatum (Linnaeus) Kuntze
Juncus spicatus Linnaeus

486
 Family JUNCAGINACEAE
Triglochin arrow-grass
Löve, A. & D. Löve. 1958. Biosystematics of Triglochin maritumum agg. Naturaliste Canad. 85:156-165.
concinna Davy var. debilis (Jones) J.T. Howard = Triglochin maritimum Linnaeus
maritimum Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
seaside arrow-grass
Triglochin concinna Davy var. debilis (Jones) J.T. Howard
palustre Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
marsh arrow-grass

Family LEMNACEAE
Daubs, E.H. 1965. A monograph of Lemnaceae. Illinois Biol. Monogr. 34:1-118.
Landolt, E. 2000. Lemnaceae, p. 143-153. IN: Flora North America, vol. 22. Oxford University Press.
Lemna duckweed
Correll, D.S. & H.B. Correll. 1972. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southwestern United States. Stanford Univ. Press.
[Lemna obscura]
DeLange, L. & A.H. Pieterse. 1973. A comparative study of the morphology of Lemna gibba L. and Lemna minor L.
Acta Bot. Neerl. 22:510-517.
Landolt, E. 2000. Lemnaceae, p. 143-153. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 22. Oxford University Press.
McGrath, J. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Lemna turionifera]
Reveal, J.L. 1990. The neotypification of Lemna minuta Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, an earlier name for Lemna
minuscula Herter (Lemnaceae). Taxon 39:328-330.
aequinoctialis Welwitsch [Landolt 2000; M&H]
lesser duckweed
Lemna perpusilla Torrey var. trinervis Aust.
gibba Linnaeus [Landolt 2000; M&H]
inflated duckweed
minima Philippi = Lemna minuta Kunth
minor Linnaeus [Landolt 2000; M&H; W&S]
common duckweed
minor Linnaeus var. obscura Austin = Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs
minuta Kunth [Landolt 2000; M&H; W&S]
least duckweed
Lemna minima Philippi
obscura (Austin) Daubs [Correll & Correll 1972]
obscure duckweed
Lemna minor Linnaeus var. obscura Austin
perpusilla Torrey var. trinervis Aust. = Lemna aequinoctialis Welwitsch
polyrhiza Linnaeus = Spirodela polyrhiza (Linnaeus) Schleiden
trisulca Linnaeus [Landolt 2000; M&H; W&S]
ivy-leaf duckweed
turionifera Landolt [Landolt 2000; McGrath 2000]
turion duckweed
valdiviana Philippi [Landolt 2000]
pale duckweed
Spirodela duckmeat
polyrhiza (Linnaeus) Schleiden [M&H; W&S]
common duckmeat
Lemna polyrhiza Linnaeus

Family LILIACEAE
[Calochortaceae]
Utech, F.H. 2002. Liliaceae, pp. 50-347. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New York.
Allium = see ALLIACEAE
Androstephium = see THEMIDACEAE
Anthericum = see ANTHERICACEAE
Anticlea = see MELANTHIACEAE

487
Asparagus = see ASPARAGACEAE
Asphodelus = see ASPHODELACEAE
Atamosco = see AMARYLLIDACEAE
Calochortus mariposa-lily
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Calochortus flexuosus]
Fiedler, P.L. & R.K. Zebell. 2002. Calochortus, pp. 119-141. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University
Press, New York.
Ownbey, M. 1940. A monograph of the genus Calochortus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27:371-553.
Ownbey, M. 1969. Calochortus. Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 17(1):765-779.
ambiguus (M..E. Jones) M. Ownbey [Fiedler & Zebell 2002; M&H]
doubting Mariposa-lily
Calochortus watsonii M.E. Jones var. ambiguus M.E.Jones
aureus S. Watson [Fiedler & Zebell 2002; M&H; W&S]
golden Mariposa-lily
Calochortus nuttallii Torrey & Gray var. aureus (S. Watson) M. Ownbey
flexuosus S. Watson [Allred 1999; Fiedler & Zebell 2002]
winding Mariposa-lily
gunnisonii S. Watson var. gunnisonii [Fiedler & Zebell 2002; M&H; W&S]
Gunnison’s Mariposa-lily
+gunnisonii S. Watson var. perpulcher Cockerell [Fiedler & Zebell 2002; M&H; Ownby 1940]
Gunnison’s Mariposa-lily
nuttallii Torrey & Gray var. aureus (S. Watson) M. Ownbey = Calochortus aureus S. Watson
nuttallii Torrey & Gray [Fiedler & Zebell 2002; M&H; W&S]
Nuttall’s Mariposa-lily
watsonii M.E. Jones var. ambiguus M.E.Jones = Calochortus ambiguus (M.E. Jones) M. Ownbey
Cooperia = see AMARYLLIDACEAE
Dasylirion = see NOLINACEAE
Dichelostemma = see THEMIDACEAE
Dipterostemon = see THEMIDACEAE
Disporum trachycarpum (S. Watson) Bentham & Hooker f. = Prosartes trachycarpum S. Watson
Echeandia = see ANTHERICACEAE
Erythronium avalanche-lily
Allen, G.A. & K.R. Robertson. 2002. Erythronium, pp. 153-164. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford
University Press, New York.
Applegate, E.I. 1935. The genus Erythronium: A taxonomic and distributional study of the western North American
species. Madroño 3:58-113.
Todsen, T.K. 1996. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 2:6. [Erythronium grandiflorum]
grandiflorum Pursh subsp. grandiflorum [Allen & Robertson 2002; Todsen 1996]
yellow avalanche-lily
Fritillaria mission-bells
Beetle, D.E. 1944. A monograph of the North American species of Fritillaria. Madroño 7:133-159.
Ness, B. 2002. Fritillaria, pp. 164-171. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New York.
atropurpurea Nuttall [M&H; Ness 2002; W&S] Note: Known only from an 1892 collection from the
Corrizo (Chuska) Mountains.
spotted mission-bells
pudica (Pursh) Sprengel : Reported by Abrams (1940-1960) for NM, but this not substantiated by
any other source or specimen; awaits verification.
Hypoxis = see HYPOXIDACEAE
Leucocrinum = see ANTHERICACEAE
Lilium lily
Skinner, M.W. 2002. Lilium, pp. 172-197. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New York.
philadelphicum Linnaeus [M&H; Skinner 2002; W&S]
wood-lily
Lilium montanum A. Nelson
Lilium philadelphicum Linnaeus var. andinum (Nuttall) Ker-Gawler
Lilium umbellatum Pursh
montanum A. Nelson = Lilium philadelphicum Linnaeus
philadelphicum Linnaeus var. andinum (Nuttall) Ker-Gawler = Lilium philadelphicum Linnaeus
umbellatum Pursh = Lilium philadelphicum Linnaeus

488
Lloydia alp-lily
Reveal, J.L. & F.H. Utech. 2002. Lloydia, pp. 198. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New
York.
serotina (Linnaeus) Salisbury ex Reichenbach var. serotina [M&H; Reveal & Utech 2002;
W&S]
alp-lily
Anthericum serotinum Linnaeus
Maianthemum = see CONVALLARIACEAE
Milla = see THEMIDACEAE
Muscari = see HYACINTHACEAE
Nolina = see NOLINACEAE
Nothoscordum = see ALLIACEAE
Polygonatum = see CONVALLARIACEAE
Prosartes fairybells
Jones, Q. 1951. A cytotaxonomic study of the genus Disporum in North America. Contr. Gray Herb. 173:1-39.
Utech, F.H. 2002. Prosartes, pp. 142-145. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New York.
trachycarpum S. Watson [M&H; Utech 2002; W&S]
fairybells
Disporum trachycarpum (S. Wateon) Bentham & Hooker f.
Salomonia = see CONVALLARIACEAE
Schoenocaulon = see MELANTHIACEAE
Smilacina = see CONVALLARIACEAE
Streptopus twisted-stalk
Fassett, N.C. 1935. A study of Streptopus. Rhodora 37:88-113.
Utech, F.H. 2002. Streptopus, pp. 145-147. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New York.
amplexifolius (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle [M&H; Utech 2002; W&S]
twisted-stalk
Uvularia amplexifolia Linnaeus (Convallariaceae)
Streptopus amplexifolius (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle var americanus J.A. Schultes
Streptopus amplexifolius (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle var. chalazatus Fassett
amplexifolius (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle var americanus J.A. Schultes = Streptopus amplexifolius
(Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle
amplexifolius (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle var. chalazatus Fassett = Streptopus amplexifolius
(Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle
Toxicoscordion = see MELANTHIACEAE
Vagnera = see CONVALLARIACEAE
Veratrum = see MELANTHIACEAE
Yucca = see AGAVACEAE
Zephyranthes = see AMARYLLIDACEAE
Zigadenus = see MELANTHIACEAE

Family MELANTHIACEAE
Anticlea death-camas
Hess, W.J. & R.C. Sivinski. 1995. A new species of Zigadenus (Liliaceae) from New Mexico, with additional
comments on the section Anticlea. Sida 16(3):389-400. [Anticlea (Zigadenus) mogollonensis]
Schwartz, F.C. 2002. Zigadenus, pp. 81-88. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New York.
Zomlefer, W.B. 2003. Documented chromosome numbers 2003: 1. Chromosome number of Toxicoscordion nuttallii
(Liliaceae: Melanthiaceae) and clarification of the genus. Sida 20(3):1085-1092.
Zomlefer, W.B. and W.S. Judd. 2002. Resurrection of segregates of the polyphyletic genus Zigadenus s.l. (Liliales:
Melanthiaceae) and resulting new combinations. Novon 12:299-308.
elegans (Pursh) Rydberg [M&H; Schwartz 2002; W&S]
mountain death-camas
Zigadenus coloradoensis Rydberg
Zigadenus dilatatus Greene
Zigadenus elegans Pursh
+mogollonensis (Hess & Sivinski) Zomlefer & Judd [Hess & Sivinski 1995; Schwartz 2002]
Mogollon death-camas
Zigadenus mogollonensis Hess & Sivinski
porrifolia (Greene) Rydberg = Anticlea virescens (Kunth) Rydberg
virescens (Kunth) Rydberg [M&H; Schwartz 2002; W&S]

489
 green death-camas
Anticlea porrifolia (Greene) Rydberg
Helonias virescens Kunth
Zigadenus porrifolius Greene
Zigadenus virescens (Kunth) Macbride
Helonias paniculata Nuttall = Toxicoscordion paniculatum (Nuttall) Rydberg
virescens Kunth = Anticlea virescens (Kunth) Rydberg
Schoenocaulon feather-shank
Frame, D.. 2002. Schoenocaulon, pp. 79-81. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New York.
texanum Scheele [Frame 2002; M&H]
Texas feather-shank
Toxicoscordion death-camas
Schwartz, F.C. 2002. Zigadenus, pp. 81-88. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New York.
Zomlefer, W.B. 2003. Documented chromosome numbers 2003: 1. Chromosome number of Toxicoscordion nuttallii
(Liliaceae: Melanthiaceae) and clarification of the genus. Sida 20(3):1085-1092.
Zomlefer, W.B. and W.S. Judd. 2002. Resurrection of segregates of the polyphyletic genus Zigadenus s.l. (Liliales:
Melanthiaceae) and resulting new combinations. Novon 12:299-308.
falcatum Rydberg = Toxicoscordion venenosum (S. Watson) Rydberg
gramineum Rydberg = Toxicoscordion venenosum (S. Watson) Rydberg
paniculatum (Nuttall) Rydberg [M&H; Schwartz 2002; W&S]
sand-corn
Helonias paniculata Nuttall
Zigadenus paniculatus (Nuttall) S. Watson
venenosum (S. Watson) Rydberg [M&H; W&S]
meadow death-camas
Toxicoscordion gramineum Rydberg
Toxicoscordion falcatum Rydberg
Zigadenus falcatus Rydberg
Zigadenus gramineus Rydberg
Zigadenus intermedius Rydberg
Zigadenus venenosus S. Watson var. gramineus (Rydberg) Walsh ex M.E. Peck
Veratrum skunk-cabbage
McNeal, D.W. Jr. & A.D. Shaw. 2002. Veratrum, pp. 72-76. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University
Press, New York.
californicum Durand var. californicum [M&H; McNeal & Shaw 2002; W&S]
western skunk-cabbage
Veratrum speciosum Rydberg
speciosum Rydberg = Veratrum californicum Durand
Zigadenus
Zomlefer, W.B. 2003. Documented chromosome numbers 2003: 1. Chromosome number of Toxicoscordion nuttallii
(Liliaceae: Melanthiaceae) and clarification of the genus. Sida 20(3):1085-1092.
Zomlefer, W.B. and W.S. Judd. 2002. Resurrection of segregates of the polyphyletic genus Zigadenus s.l. (Liliales:
Melanthiaceae) and resulting new combinations. Novon 12:299-308.
coloradoensis Rydberg = Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydberg
dilatatus Greene = Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydberg
elegans Pursh = Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydberg
falcatus Rydberg = Toxicoscordion venenosum (S. Watson) Rydberg
gramineus Rydberg = Toxicoscordion venenosum (S. Watson) Rydberg
intermedius Rydberg = Toxicoscordion venenosum (S. Watson) Rydberg
mogollonensis Hess & Sivinski = Anticlea mogollonensis (Hess & Sivinski) Zomlefer & Judd
paniculatus (Nuttall) S. Watson = Toxicoscordion paniculatum (Nuttall) Rydberg
porrifolius Greene = Anticlea virescens (Kunth) Rydberg
venenosus S. Watson var. gramineus (Rydberg) Walsh ex M.E. Peck = Toxicoscordion venenosum
(S. Watson) Rydberg
virescens (Kunth) Macbride = Anticlea virescens (Kunth) Rydberg

Family NAJADACEAE = HYDROCHARITACEAE

Family NOLINACEAE

490
 Bogler, D. 1998. Nolinaceae, pp. 392-397. IN: K. Kubitzki (ed.). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol.
III. Flowering Plants - Monocotyledons, Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer-Verglag, New York.
Bogler, D.J. & B.B. Simpson. 1995. A chloroplast DNA study of the Agavaceae. Syst. Bot. 20(2):191-205.
Dasylirion sotol
Bogler, D.J. 1995. Systematics of Dasylirion: Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny. Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico. 56:69-76.
Bogler, D.J. 2002. Dasylirion, pp. 422-423. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New York.
leiophyllum Engelmann ex Trelease [Bogler 2002; W&S]
green sotol
wheeleri S. Watson [Bogler 2002; M&H; W&S]
common sotol, desert spoon
Nolina beargrass
Hess, W.J. 2002. Nolina, pp. 415-421. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New York.
micrantha I.M. Johnston [Hess 2002]
chaparral beargrass
microcarpa S. Watson [Hess 2002; M&H; W&S]
sacahuista, beargrass
texana S. Watson [Hess 2002; M&H]
Texas beargrass
greenei S. Watson [Hess 2002; W&S]
Greene’s beargrass

Family ORCHIDACEAE
Arenas, S. & M. Angel. 1988. Updated list of the orchids of Mexico. Orquidea 11:233-276.
Coleman, R.A. 2002. The Wild Orchids of Arizona and New Mexico. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY. 248 p.
Correll, D.S. 1950. Native orchids of North America north of Mexico. Chronica Botanica 26:1-399.
Dressler, R.L. 1993. Phylogeny and classification of the orchid family. Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon.
Luer, C.A. 1975. The native orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida. New York Botanical Garden.
Todsen, T. 2000. Artificial key to the orchids of New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 14:1-2.
Achroanthes porphyrea (Ridley) Wooton & Standley = Malaxis wendtii Salazar
montana (Rothrock) Greene = Malaxis soulei L.O. Williams
Arethusa spicata Walter = Hexalectris spicata (Walter) Barnhart var spicata
Calypso fairy-slipper
Sheviak, C.J. & P.M. Catling. 2002. Calypso, pp. 622-623. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University
Press, New York.
americana R. Brown = Calypso bulbosa (Linnaeus) Oakes var. americana (R. Brown) Luer
bulbosa (Linnaeus) Oakes var. americana (R. Brown ex Aiton f.) Luer [Coleman 2002;
M&H; Sheviak & Catling 2002; W&S]
fairy-slipper orchid
Calypso americana R. Brown ex Aiton f.
Cytherea bulbosa of NM authors
Coeloglossum frog-orchid
Sheviak, C.J. & P.M. Catling. 2002. Coeloglossum, pp. 580. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University
Press, New York.
bracteatum (Muhlenberg) Parlatore = Coeloglossum viride (Linnaeus) Hartman var. virescens
(Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Luer
viride (Linnaeus) Hartman var. virescens (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Luer [Coleman 2002;
M&H; Sheviak & Catling 2002; W&S]
frog-orchid
Coelglossum bracteatum (Muhlenberg) Parlatore
Habenaria bracteata (Muhlenberg) R. Brown
Habenaria viridis (Linnaeus) R. Brown var. bracteata (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Gray
Orchis virescens Muhlenberg ex Willdenow
Corallorhiza coral-root
Freudenstein, J. 1997. A monograph of Corallorhiza, Orchidaceae. Harvard Papers in Botany 10:5-51.
Magrath, L.K. & J.V. Freudenstein. 2002. Corallorhiza, pp. 633-638. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford
University Press, New York.
Todsen, T.K. 1970. Spiranthes parasitica and Corallorhiza wisteriana (Orchidaceae) new to New Mexico. Southw.
Natural. 14(4):447-452.
Todsen, T.K. 1971. Color variation of Corallorhiza in New Mexico. Southw. Naturalist 16(1):121-122.
maculata Rafinesque var. maculata [Freudenstein 1997; M&H; Magrath & Freudenstein 2002; W&S]

491
 spotted coral-root
Corallorhiza multiflora Nuttall
maculata Rafinesque var. occidentalis (Lindley) Ames [Freudenstein 1997; Magrath &
Freudenstein 2002]
spotted coral-root
Corallorhiza multiflora Nuttall var. occidentalis Lindley
maculata Rafinesque var. mexicana (Lindley) Freudenstein [Coleman 2002]
spotted coral-root
multiflora Nuttall s.s. = Corallorhiza maculata Rafinesque
multiflora Nuttall var. occidentalis Lindley = Corallorhiza maculata Rafinesque var. mexicana
(Lindley) Freudenstein
odontorhiza (Willdenow) Poiret var. odontorhiza [Magrath & Freudenstein 2002]
fall coral-root
Cymbidium odontorhizon Willdenow
striata Lindley var. flavida Todsen = Corallorhiza striata Lindley var. vreelandii (Rydberg) L.O.
Williams
striata Lindley var. striata [Luer 1975; Magrath & Freudenstein 2002]
hooded coral-root
striata Lindley var. vreelandii (Rydberg) L.O. Williams [Coleman 2002; Freudenstein 1997;
M&H; W&S]
hooded coral-root
Corallorhiza striata Lindley var. flavida Todsen
Corallorhiza vreelandii Rydberg
trifida Chatelain [Coleman 2002; Freudenstein 1997; M&H; Magrath & Freudenstein 2002]
yellow coral-root
vreelandii Rydberg = Corallorhiza striata Lindley var. vreelandii (Rydberg) L.O. Williams
wisteriana Conrad [Coleman 2002; Freudenstein 1997; M&H; Magrath & Freudenstein 2002; Todsen 1970]
spring coral-root
Cymbidium odontorhizon Willdenow = Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willdenow) Poiret var. odontorhiza
Cypripedium ladies-slipper
Sheviak, C.J. 1995. Cypripedium parvfiflorum Salisbury, Part 2: The large-flowered plants and patterns of variation.
Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 64(June):606-612.
Sheviak, D.J. 2002. Cypripedium, pp. 499-507. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New
York.
calceolus Linnaeus var. pubescens (Willdenow) Correll = Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury var.
pubescens (Willdenow) Knight
parviflorum Salisbury var. pubescens (Willdenow) Knight [Coleman 2002; M&H; Sheviak
1995, 2002; W&S]
yellow ladies-slipper
Cypripedium calceolus Linnaeus var. pubescens (Willdenow) Correll
Cypripedium pubescens Willdenow
Cypripedium veganum Cockerell
pubescens Willdenow = Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury var. pubescens (Willdenow) Knight
veganum Cockerell = Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury var. pubescens (Willdenow) Correll
Cytherea bulbosa of NM authors = Calypso bulbosa (Linnaeus) Oakes var. americana (R. Brown) Luer
Epipactis helleborine
Brown, P.M. & G.W. Argus. 2002. Epipactis, pp. 584-586. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University
Press, New York.
Sivinski, R. 1993. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 40:273-274. [Epipactis helleborine]
gigantea Douglas ex Hooker [Brown & Argus 2002; Coleman 2002; M&H; W&S]
giant helleborine
*helleborine (Linnaeus) Crantz [Brown & Argus 2002; Coleman 2002; Sivinski 1993]
broad-leaved helleborine
Serapias helleborine Linnaeus
Goodyera rattlesnake-plantain
Kallunki, J.A. 2002. Goodyera, pp. 514-517. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New
York.
decipiens (Hooker) F. T. Hubbard = Goodyera oblongifolia Rafinesque
oblongifolia Rafinesque [Coleman 2002; Kallunki 2002; M&H; W&S]

492
 green rattlesnake-plantain
Goodyera decipiens (Hooker) F. T. Hubbard
Peramium decipiens (Hooker) Piper
Peramium menziesii (Lindley) Morong
repens (Linnaeus) R. Brown ex Aiton f. [Coleman 2002; Kallunki 2002; M&H; W&S]
dwarf rattlesnake-plantain
Goodyera repens (Linnaeus) R. Brown ex Aiton f. var. ophioides Fernald
Peramium ophioides (Fernald) Rydberg
Satyrium repens Linnaeus
repens (Linnaeus) R. Brown ex Aiton f. var. ophioides Fernald = Goodyera repens (Linnaeus) R.
Brown
Habenaria bracteata (Muhlenberg) R. Brown = Coeloglossum viride (Linnaeus) Hartman var. virescens
(Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Luer
brevifolia Greene = Platanthera brevifolia (Greene) Kranzlin
dilatata (Pursh) Hooker = Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindley ex Beck var. dilatata
hyperborea (Linnaeus) R. Brown = Platanthera hyperborea (Linnaeus) Lindley var. hyperborea
limosa (Lindley) Hemsley = Platanthera limosa Lindley
neomexicana Tidestrom =? Platanthera hyperborea (Linnaeus) Lindley var. purpurascens (Rydberg)
Luer
saccata Greene (= Platanthera stricta Lindley) : This species does not occur in NM (Luer 1975;
Todsen pers. comm.); NM material that has gone by this name is assigned to
Platanthera hyperborea (Linnaeus) Lindley var. purpurascens (Rydberg) Luer
sparsiflora S. Watson var. brevifolia (Greene) Correll = Platanthera brevifolia (Greene) Kranzlin
sparsiflora S. Watson var. laxiflora (Rydberg) Correll = Platanthera hyperborea (Linnaeus) Lindley
var. gracilis (Lindley) Luer
sparsiflora S. Watson var. sparsiflora = Platanthera sparsiflora (S. Watson) Schlectendal var.
sparsiflora
thurberi A. Gray = Platanthera limosa Lindley
viridis (Linnaeus) R. Brown var. bracteata (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Gray = Coeloglossum viride
(Linnaeus) Hartman var. virescens (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Luer
Hexalectris crested-coral-root
Burgess, T.L. & D.K. Northington. 1981. Plants of the Guadalupe Mountains and Carlsbad Caverns National Parks.
Chihuahuan Desert Research Institute Contr. No. 107:1-174. [Hexalectris nitida]
Catling, P.M. & V.S. Engel. 1993. Systematics and distribution of Hexalectris spicata var. arizonica (Orchidaceae).
Lindleyana 8(3):119-125.
Goldman, D.H., R.A. Coleman, L.K. Magrath, & P.M. Catling. 2002. Hexalectris, pp. 603-607. IN: Flora of North
America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New York.
Howell, D.J. 1986. Status report: Hexalectris nitida L.O. Wms. in Johnston. Office of Endangered Species, Fish and
Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Todsen, T.K. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 14:4. [Hexalectris revoluta]
nitida L.O. Williams [Burgess & Northington 1981; Coleman 2002; Goldman 2002; Howell 1986]
Glass Mountain crested-coral-root
revoluta Correll [Todsen 2000]
roll-leaf crested-coral-root
spicata (Walter) Barnhart var. arizonica Catling & Engelmann [Catling & Engel 1993; Coleman
2002; Goldman et al. 2002]
Arizona crested-coral-root
spicata (Walter) Barnhart var spicata [Coleman 2002; Goldman et al. 2002; Luer 1975; M&H]
spike crested-coral-root
Arethusa spicata Walter
Ibidium cernuum (Linnaeus) House [=Spiranthes cernua (Linnaeus) L.C.M. Richard] : Not occurring in
NM, but replaced by Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak [Luer 1975; Sheviak
1982].
strictum House = Spiranthes romanzoffiana Chamisso
Limnorchis borealis (Chamisso) Rydberg = Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindley ex Beck var. dilatata
brevifolia (Greene) Rydberg = Platanthera brevifolia (Greene) Kranzlin
dilatata Rydberg = Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindley ex Beck var. dilatata
ensifolia Rydberg = Platanthera sparsiflora (S. Watson) Schlechter var. ensifolia (Rydberg) Luer
hyperborea (Linnaeus) Rydberg = Platanthera hyperborea (Linnaeus) Lindley var. hyperborea
laxiflora Rydberg = Platanthera hyperborea (Linnaeus) Lindley var. gracilis (Lindley) Luer

493
 purpurascens Rydberg = Platanthera purpurascens (Rydberg) Sheviak & Jennings
sparsiflora (S. Watson) Rydberg = Platanthera sparsiflora (S. Watson) Schlectendal var. sparsiflora
stricta (Lindley) Rydberg [=Platanthera stricta Lindley] : Reported as a synonym in M&H, but not
occurring in NM [Luer 1975].
thurberi (Gray) Rydberg = Platanthera limosa Lindley
viridiflora (Chamisso) Rydberg [=Platantera hyperborea (Linnaeus) Lindley var. viridiflora
(Chamisso) Luer] : Reported as a synonym in M&H, and attributed to NM by
various authors, but not occurring in NM [Luer 1973].
Listera twayblade
Magrath, L.K. & R.A. Coleman. 2002. Listera, pp. 586-592. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University
Press, New York.
cordata (Linnaeus) R. Brown var. nephrophylla (Rydberg) Hultén [Magrath & Coleman 2002;
M&H; W&S]
heart-leaf twayblade
Listera nephrophylla Rydberg
Ophrys nephrophylla (Rydberg) Szlachetko
nephrophylla Rydberg = Listera cordata (Linnaeus) R. Brown var. nephrophylla (Rydberg) Hultén
Malaxis adder’s-mouth
Catling, P.M. & L.K. Magrath. 2002. Malaxis, pp. 627-632. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University
Press, New York.
Todsen, T.K. 1997. Naming a southwestern Malaxis (Orchidaceae). Sida 17(3):637-638.
abieticola Salazar & Arenas [Catling & Magrath 2002; Coleman 2002; Luer 1975; M&H]
Arizona adder’s-mouth
Malaxis tenuis (S. Watson) Ames, not Reichenbach f.
corymbosa (S. Watson) Kuntze : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
ehrenbergii (Reichenbach f.) Kuntze : Not occurring in NM; our material referrable to Malaxis
porphyrea [Todsen 1997].
macrostachya (Lexarza) Kuntze : Not occurring in NM; our material is referred to Malaxis soulei
L.O. Williams (Todsen, pers. comm.).
porphyrea (Ridley) Kuntze [Coleman 2002; M&H; Todsen 1997; W&S]
Cochise adder’s-mouth
Achroanthes porphyrea (Ridley) Wooton & Standley
Microstylis porphyrea Ridley
soulei L.O. Williams [Arenas & Angel 1988; Catling & Magrath 2002; Coleman 2002; M&H; W&S]
Chihuahua adder’s-mouth
Achroanthes montana (Rothrock) Greene
tenuis (S. Watson) Ames, not Reichenbach f. = Malaxis abieticola Salazar & Arenas
wendtii Salazar : Reported by Todsen (1995), but identification corrected to Malaxis porphyrea
(Ridley) Kuntze [Todsen, pers. comm.].
Microstylis porphyrea Ridley = Malaxis porphyrea (Ridley) Kuntze
Microthelys Mexican ladies-tresses
Coleman, R.A. & M. Baker. 2006. Microthelys rubrocallosa, a new addition to the orchid flora of the United States.
Orchids, Jan 2006:56-57. [Microthelys rubrocalosa]
Jenkins, P. 2005. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 34:7. [Microthelys rubrocalosa]
rubrocallosa (B.L. Robinson & Greenman) Garay [Coleman & Baker 2006; Jenkins 2005]
Mexican ladies-tresses
Spiranthes rubrocallosa B.L. Robinson & Greenman
Ophrys nephrophylla (Rydberg) Szlachetko = Listera cordata (Linnaeus) R. Brown var. nephrophylla
(Rydberg) Hultén
Orchis dilatata Pursh = Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindley ex Beck
obtusata Banks ex Pursh = Platanthera obtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Lindley
virescens Muhlenberg ex Willdenow = Coeloglossum viride (Linnaeus) Hartman var. virescens
(Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Luer
Peramium decipiens (Hooker) Piper = Goodyera oblongifolia Rafinesque
menziesii (Lindley) Morong = Goodyera oblongifolia Rafinesque
ophioides (Fernald) Rydberg = Goodyera repens (Linnaeus) R. Brown ex Aiton f.
Piperia rein-orchid
Ackerman, J.C. & R. Morgan. 2002. Piperia, pp. 571-577. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University
Press, New York.

494
 Sivinski, R. & K. Lightfoot, eds. 1994. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of New Mexico. New Mexico
Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Misc. Publ. No. 3. [Piperia unalascensis]
unalascensis (Sprengel) Rydberg [Ackerman & Morgan 2002; Coleman 2002; Sivinski & Lightfoot
1994]
Alaska rein-orchid
Spiranthes unalascensis Sprengel
Platanthera bog-orchid
Correll, D.S. & H.B. Correll. 1972. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southwestern United States. Stanford Univ. Press.
[Platanthera sparsiflora laxiflora]
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports [Platanthera dilatata]. The New Mexico Botanist 39:7.
Heil, K.D. 2009 Plant distribution reports [Crypsis alopecuroides, Platanthera obtusata, Draba smithii]. The New
Mexico Botanist 46:7.
Luer, C.A. 1975. The native orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida. New York Botanical Garden.
Sheviak, C.J. 1999. The identities of Platanthera hyperborea and P. huronensis, with the description of a new species
North America. Lindleyana 14(4):193-203. [Platanthera aquilonis]
Sheviak, C.J. 2002. Platanthera, pp. 551-571. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New
York.
aquilonis Sheviak [Coleman 2002; Sheviak 1999, 2002]
northern bog-orchid
Platanthera hyperborea sensu NM works
brevifolia (Greene) Kranzlin [Coleman 2002; M&H; Sheviak 2002; W&S]
short-leaf bog-orchid
Habenaria brevifolia Greene
Habenaria sparsiflora S. Watson var. brevifolia (Greene) Correll
Limnorchis brevifolia (Greene) Rydberg
Platanthera sparsiflora (S. Watson) Schlechter var. brevifolia (Greene) Luer
dilatata (Pursh) Lindley ex Beck [Heil 2007]
scented bog-orchid
Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hooker
Limnorchis borealis (Chamisso) Rydberg
Limnorchis dilatata (Pursh) Rydberg
Orchis dilatata Pursh
huronensis Lindley [Coleman 2002; Correll & Correll 1972; Luer 1975; Sheviak 2002]
green bog-orchid
Habenaria sparsiflora S. Watson var. laxiflora (Rydberg) Correll
Habenaria laxiflora Rydberg
Platanthera hyperborea (Linnaeus) Lindley var. gracilis (Lindley) Luer
hyperborea (Linnaeus) Lindley var. gracilis (Lindley) Luer = Platanthera huronensis Lindley
hyperborea sensu NM works = Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak; the true P. hyperborea (Linnaeus)
Lindley is an Icelandic plant (Sheviak 1999).
Habenaria hyperborea (Linnaeus) R. Brown
Limnorchis hyperborea (Linnaeus) Rydberg
Orchis hyperborea Linnaeus
hyperborea (Linnaeus) Lindley var. purpurascens (Rydberg) Luer = Platanthera purpurascens
(Rydberg) Sheviak & Jennings
hyperborea (Linnaeus) Lindley var. viridiflora (Chamisso) Luer : Reported as a synonym in M&H,
and attributed to NM by various authors, but not occurring in NM [Luer 1975].
limosa Lindley [Coleman 2002; M&H; Sheviak 2002; W&S]
Thurber’s bog-orchid
Habenaria limosa (Lindley) Hemsley
Habenaria thurberi A. Gray
Limnorchis thurberi (Gray) Rydberg
obtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Lindley [Heil 2009]
blunt-leaf bog-orchid
Orchis obtusata Banks ex Pursh
purpurascens (Rydberg) Sheviak & Jennings [Coleman 2002; Luer 1975; Sheviak 2002; W&S]
purple bog-orchid
Habenaria neomexicana Tidestrom Note: Luer (1975) placed this name in synonymy under
Platanthera stricta Lindley, which otherwise does not occur in NM.; placed here tentatively.
Limnorchis purpurascens Rydberg

495
 Platanthera hyperborea (Linnaeus) Lindley var. purpurascens (Rydberg) Luer
sparsiflora (S. Watson) Schlechter var. brevifolia (Greene) Luer = Platanthera brevifolia (Greene)
Kranzlin
sparsiflora (S. Watson) Schlechter var. ensifolia (Rydberg) Luer = Platanthera sparsiflora (S.
Watson) Schlechter
sparsiflora (S. Watson) Schlechter [Coleman 2002; Luer 1975; M&H; Sheviak 2002; W&S]
canyon bog-orchid
Habenaria sparsiflora S. Watson
Limnorchis ensifolia Rydberg
Limnorchis sparsiflora (S. Watson) Rydberg
Platanthera sparsiflora (S. Watson) Schlechter var. ensifolia (Rydberg) Luer
stricta Lindley : Reported as a synonym in M&H, but not occurring in NM; plants known as this are
referred to Platanthera purpurascens (Rydberg) Sheviak & Jennings [Coleman
2002; Luer 1975].
Schiedeella ladies-tresses
Balogh, P. 1982. Generic redefinition in subtribe Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 69:1119-1132.
Brown, P.M. 2002. Schiedeella, pp. 530. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New York.
Brown, P.M. & R.A. Coleman. 2000. Schiedeella arizonica: A new species from the southwestern United States.
North American Native Orchid Journal 6:3-17.
Garay, L.A. 1982. Generic revision of the Spiranthinae. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 28:311-313.
Hess, W.J. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Spiranthes parasitica]
Todsen, T.K. 1970. Spiranthes parasitica and Corallorhiza wisteriana (Orchidaceae) new to New Mexico. Southw.
Natural. 14(4):447-452. [Schiedeella parasitica]
arizonica P.M. Brown [Brown 2002; Brown & Coleman 2000; Coleman 2002; Hess 2000; M&H; Todsen
1970]
Arizona ladies-tresses
Schiedeella parasitica of NM authors
Spiranthes parasitica of NM authors
parasitica of NM authors = Schiedeella arizonica P.M Brown
Satyrium repens Linnaeus = Goodyera repens (Linnaeus) R. Brown ex Aiton f.
Serapias helleborine Linnaeus = Epipactis helleborine (Linnaeus) Crantz
Spiranthes ladies-tresses
Balogh, P. 1982. Generic redefinition in subtribe Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 69:1119-1132.
Garay, L.A. 1982. Generic revision of the Spiranthinae. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 28:311-313.
Sheviak, C.J. & P.M. Brown. 2002. Spiranthes, pp. 530-545. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University
Press, New York.
Sivinski, R. & K. Lightfoot, eds. 1994. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of New Mexico. New Mexico
Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Misc. Publ. No. 3. [Spiranthes magnicamporum]
cernua of NM authors, not (Linnaeus) L.C.M. Richard s.s. : Reported by M&H, but not known in
NM; replaced by Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak [Coleman 2002; Luer 1975;
Sheviak 1982].
magnicamporum Sheviak [Coleman 2002; Luer 1975; Sheviak & Brown 2002; Sivinski & Lightfoot
1994]
Great Plains ladies-tresses
Spiranthes cernua of NM works
michuacana (La Llave & Lexarza) Hemsley : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
parasitica of NM authors = Schiedeella arizonica P.M Brown
romanzoffiana Chamisso [Coleman 2002; M&H; Sheviak & Brown 2002; W&S]
hooded ladies-tresses
Ibidium strictum House
rubrocallosa B.L. Robinson & Greenman = Microthelys rubrocallosa (B.L. Robinson & Greenman)
Garay
unalascensis Sprengel = Piperia unalascensis (Sprengel) Rydberg
vernalis Engelmann & Gray : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.

Family POACEAE (GRAMINEAE)

Allred, K.W. 1990. New Mexico grass types and a selected bibliography of New Mexico grass taxonomy. Great Basin
Natural. 50(1):73-82.
Allred, K.W. 2005. A Field Guide to the Grasses of New Mexico, 3rd ed. Agric. Exp. Sta. New Mexico State
University. 388 pp.

496
 Allred, K.W., S.L. Hatch, & R. Soreng. 1986. Verified checklist of the grasses of New Mexico. New Mexico Agr.
Exp. Sta. Res. Rep. 579. 45 pp.
Barkworth, M.E., L.K. Anderton, K.M. Capels, S. Long, & M.B. Piep. 2007. Manual of Grasses for North America.
Intermountain Herbarium and Utah State University Press. 626 pp.
Clayton, W.E. & S.A. Revnoize. 1986. Genera Graminum. Kew Bull. Additional Series No. 13.
Hitchcock, A.S. & A. Chase. 1951. Manual of the Grasses of the United States. 2nd ed. USDA Misc. Publ. 200. 1051
p.
Holmgren, A.H. & N.H. Holmgren. 1977. Poaceae, pp. 174-464. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 6. New York Botanical
Garden.
Peterson, P.M., R.D. Webster, & J. Valdes-Reyna. 1997. Genera of New World Eragrostideae (Poaceae:
Chloridoideae). Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 87.
Tucker, G.C. 1990. The genera of Arundinoideae (Gramineae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor.
71:145-177.
Watson, L. & M.J. Dallwitz. 1992. The grass genera of the world. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom,
1038 pp.
Wooton, E.O. & P.C. Standley. 1912. The grasses and grasslike plants of New Mexico. New Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull.
No. 81. 175 pp.
Acamptoclados sessilispicus (Buckley) Nash = Eragrostis sessilispica Buckley
Achnatherum needlegrass
Allred, K.W. & K. Heil. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Stipa arida, Stipa
speciosa]
Barkworth, M.E. 1993. North American Stipeae (Gramineae): Taxonomic changes and other comments. Phytologia
74(1):1-25.
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Achnatherum nelsonii nelsonii]
Hatch, S.L. & D.A. Bearden. 1983. Stipa curvifolia (Poaceae) – Studies on a rare taxon. Sida 10(2):184-187.
Johnson, B.L. 1945. Natural hybrids between Oryzopsis hymenoides and several species of Stipa. Amer. J. Bot.
32:599-608.
aridum (Jones) Barkworth [Allred & Heil 2000]
Mormon needlegrass
Stipa arida Jones
Stipa mormonum Mez
×bloomeri (Bolander) Barkworth [Allred 2005]
Bloomer’s ricegrass
Oryzopsis bloomeri (Bolander) Ricker
Stipa bloomeri Bolander
×Stiporyzopsis bloomeri (Bolander) B.L. Johnson
curvifolium (Swallen) Barkworth [Allred 2005; M&H]
Guadalupe needlegrass
Stipa curvifolia Swallen
eminens (Cavanilles) Barkworth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
southwestern needlegrass
Stipa eminens Cavanilles
hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Indian ricegrass
Eriocoma cuspidata Nuttall
Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roemer & Schultes) Ricker ex Piper
Stipa hymenoides Roemer & Schultes
lettermanii (Swallen) Barkworth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Letterman’s needlegrass
Stipa lettermanii Vasey
lobatum (Swallen) Barkworth [Allred 2005; M&H]
little-awn needlegrass
Stipa lobata Swallen
nelsonii (Scribner) Barkworth var. nelsonii [Hartman et al. 2006]
Nelson’s needlegrass
Stipa nelsonii Scribner
perplexum Hoge & Barkworth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
New Mexico needlegrass
Stipa columbiana of NM reports
Stipa minor sensu NM authors

497
 Stipa perplexa (Hoge & Barkworth) J. Wipff & S.D. Jones
pinetorum (M.E. Jones) Barkworth : Reported for NM by Kartesz (1999) without documentation;
awaits verification.
robustum (Vasey) Barkworth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
sleepygrass
Stipa robusta (Vasey) Scribner
Stipa vaseyi Scribner
Stipa viridula Trinius var. robusta Vasey
scribneri (Vasey) Barkworth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Scribner’s needlegrass
Stipa scribneri Vasey
speciosum (Trinius & Ruprecht) Barkworth = Jarava speciosa (Trinius & Ruprecht) Peñailillo
Aegilops goatgrass
Gupta, P.K. & B.R. Baum. 1986. Nomenclature and related taxonomic issues in wheats, triticales and some of their
wild relatives. Taxon 35(1):144-149.
*cylindrica Host [Allred 2005; M&H]
jointed goatgrass
Triticum cylindricum (Host) Cesati
Aegopogon fragile-grass
rigidisetus Steudel = Bouteloua rigidiseta (Steudel) A.S. Hitchcock
*tenellus (A.P. de Candolle) Trinius [Allred 2005]
fragile-grass
Lamarckia tenella A.P. de Candolle
×Agropogon littoralis (Small) C.E. Hubbard = Polypogon interruptus Kunth
Agropyron wheatgrass
Asay, K.H., K.B. Jensen, C. Hsiao, & D.R. Dewey. 1992. Probable origin of standard crested wheatgrass, Agropyron
desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes. Can. J. Plant Sci. 72:763-772.
Baum, B.R., J.R. Estes, & P.K. Gupta. 1987. Assessment of the genomic system of classification in the Triticeae.
Amer. J. Bot. 74:1388-1395.
Bowden, W.M. 1965. Cytotaxonomy of the species and interspecific hybrids of the genus Agropyron in Canada and
neighboring areas. Can. J. Bot. 43:1421-1448.
Dewey, D.R. 1983. Historical and current taxonomic perspectives of Agropyron, Elymus, and related genera. Crop Sci.
23:637-642.
Dewey, D.R. 1986. Taxonomy of the crested wheatgrasses (Agropyron). p. 31-44. IN: Johnson, K.L. (ed.). Crested
wheatgrass: its values, problems and myths; a symposium. Utah State University.
Estes, J.R. & R.J. Tyrl. 1982. The generic concept and generic circumscription in the Triticeae: an end paper. IN J.R.
Estes, R.J. Tyrl, & J.N. Brunken (eds.), Grasses and Grasslands. p. 145-164. Univ. Oklahoma Press.
Norman, Oklahoma.
Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State Univ. Press. 600 pp.
[Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectiniforme]
Holmgren, A.H. & N.H. Holmgren. 1977. Tribe 3. Triticeae, pp. 292-336. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 6. New York
Botanical Garden.
Runemark, H. & W.K. Heneen. 1968. Elymus and Agropyron, a problem of generic delimitation. Bot. Notiser 121:51-
79.
×andinum (Scribner & Smith) Rydberg : An unstabilized hybrid of Elymus trachycaulus subsp.
violaceus × Elymus scribneri (Bowden 1965).
arizonicum Scribner & Smith = Elymus arizonicus (Scribner & Smith) Gould
bakeri E. Nelson = Elymus bakeri (E. Nelson) Löve
barbulatum Schur = Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Melderis subsp. barbulatus (Schur) Melderis
caninum sensu M&H and W&S = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinners subsp. trachycaulus
*cristatum (Linnaeus) Gaertner [Allred 2005; M&H]
crested wheatgrass
Agropyron cristatum (Linnaeus) Gaetn. subsp. desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Löve
Agropyron cristatum (Linnaeus) Gaertner subsp. pectinatum (Bieberstein) Tzvelev
Agropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes
Agropyron pectiniforme Roemer & Schultes
Bromus cristatus Linnaeus
cristatum (Linnaeus) Gaertner subsp. desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Löve = Agropyron cristatum
(Linnaeus) Gaertner
cristatum (Linnaeus) Gaertner subsp. fragile (Roth) Löve = Agropyron fragile (Roth) P. Candargy

498
 cristatum (Linnaeus) Gaertner subsp. pectinatum (Bieberstein) Tzvelev = Agropyron cristatum
(Linnaeus) Gaertner
dasystachyum (Hooker) Scribner = Elymus lanceolatus (Scribner & Smith) Gould
dasystachyum (Hooker) Scribner var. riparium (Scribner & Smith) Bowden = Elymus lanceolatus
(Scribner & Smith) Gould
desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes = Agropyron cristatum (Linnaeus) Gaertner
elongatum = Elymus elongatus (Host) Runemark subsp. elongatus
*fragile (Roth) P. Candargy [Allred 2005; M&H]
Siberian crested wheatgrass
Agropyron cristatum (Linnaeus) Gaertner subsp. fragile (Roth) Löve
Agropyron sibiricum (Willdenow) Beauvois
Triticum fragile Roth
hispidum Opiz = Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Melderis subsp. hispidus
inerme (Scribner & Smith) Rydberg = Elymus spicatus (Pursh) Gould
intermedium (Host) Beauvois = Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Melderis subsp. hispidus
latiglume = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould subsp. violaceus (Hornm.) A.& D. Löve
lanceolatum Scribner & Smith = Elymus lanceolatus (Scribner & Smith) Gould
molle (Scribner & Smith) Rydberg = Elymus smithii (Rydberg) Gould
novae-angliae Scribner = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould subsp. novae-angliae (Scribner)
Tsvelev
occidentale Scribner = Elymus smithii (Rydberg) Gould
palmeri (Scribner & Smith) Rydberg = Elymus smithii (Rydberg) Gould
pauciflorum (Schweinitz) A.S. Hitchcock = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould subsp. trachycaulus
pectiniforme Roemer & Schultes = Agropyron cristatum (Linnaeus) Gaertner
×pseudorepens Scribner & Smith = Elymus ×pseudorepens (Scribner & Smith) Barkworth & Dewey
repens (Linnaeus) Beauvois = Elymus repens (Linnaeus) Gould
richardsonii (Trinius) Schrader = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinners subsp. subsecundus (Link)
A. & D. Löve
riparium Scribner & Smith = Elymus lanceolatus (Scribner & Smith) Gould
×saundersii (Vasey) A.S. Hitchcock : Unstabilized hybrids of Elymus longifolius × Elymus
trachycaulus [Allred 2005].
×saxicola Scribner & Smith : Unstabilized hybrids of Elymus longifolius × Elymus spicatus [Allred
2005].
scribneri Vasey = Elymus scribneri (Vasey) M.E. Jones
sibericum (Willdenow) Beauvois = Agropyron fragile (Roth) P. Candargy
smithii Rydberg var. molle (Scribner & Smith) M.E. Jones = Elymus smithii (Rydberg) Gould
smithii Rydberg var. palmeri (Scribner & Smith) Heller = Elymus smithii (Rydberg) Gould
smithii Rydberg var. smithii = Elymus smithii (Rydberg) Gould
spicatum (Pursh) Scribner & Smith = Elymus spicatus (Pursh) Gould
spicatum (Pursh.) Scribner & Smith var. arizonicum (Scribner & Smith) Jones = Elymus arizonicus
(Scribner & Smith) Gould
subsecundum (Link) Hitchcock = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinners subsp. subsecundus (Link)
A. & D. Löve
tenerum Vasey = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Malt subsp trachycaulus
trachycaulum (Link) Malte = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinners subsp. trachycaulus
trichophorum (Link) Richter = Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Melderis subsp. barbulatus (Schur) Melderis
triticeum Gaertner = Eremopyrum triticeum (Gaertner) Nevski
unilaterale Cassidy = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinners subsp. subsecundus (Link) A. & D. Löve
violaceum (Hornemann) Lange = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinners subsp. violaceus
(Hornemann) A. & D. Löve
Agrostis bentgrass
Bjorkman, S.O. 1960. Studies in Agrostis and related genera. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 17:1-112.
Cronquist, A., A.H. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, J.L. Reveal, & P.K. Holmgren. 1977. Vol. 6 (Monocotyledons). New
York Botanical Garden. 584 pp. [Agrostis humilis]
Kik, C., J.Van Andel, & W. Joenje. 1990. Life-history variation in ecologically contrasting populations of Agrostis
stolonifera. J. Ecology 78:962-973.
Reeder, C.G. & J.R. Reeder. 1986. Agrostis elliottiana (Gramineae) new to Arizona and New Mexico. Phytologia
60:453-458.
Reeder, C.G. & J.R. Reeder. 1989. A further note on Agrostis elliottiana. Phytologia 67(2):134-138.
Swallen, J.R. 1948. Agrostis variabilis Rydberg, a valid species. Leafl. W. Bot. 5:123-125.
airoides Torrey = Sporobolus airoides (Torrey) Torrey

499
 alba of numerous authors = Agrostis gigantea Roth and Agrostis stolonifera Linnaeus
bakeri Rydberg = Agrostis idahoensis Nash
composita Poiret = Sporobolus compositus (Poiret) Merrill
cryptandra Torrey = Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torrey) A. Gray
elliottiana Schultes [Allred 2005; Reeder & Reeder 1986]
Elliott bentgrass
Agrostis exigua Thurber
Agrostis rosei sensu W&S, not Scribner & Merrill
exarata Trinius var. minor Hooker [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
spike bentgrass
exigua Thurber = Agrostis elliottiana Schultes
filiformis Torrey = Muhlenbergia mexicana (Linnaeus) Trinius var. filiformis (Torrey) Scribner
*gigantea Roth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
redtop
Agrostis alba of numerous authors
hiemalis sensu W&S = Agrostis scabra Willdenow
humilis Vasey [Cronquist et al. 1977]
low bentgrass
Podagrostis humilis (Vasey) Bjorkman
Podagrostis thurberiana (A.S. Hitchcock) Hulten
idahoensis Nash [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Idaho bentgrass
Agrostis bakeri Rydberg
interruptus Linnaeus = Apera interrupta (Linnaeus) Beauvois
latifolia Trevisan ex Goeppinger = Cinna latifolia (Trevisan ex Goeppinger) Grisebach
mexicana Linnaeus = Muhlenbergia mexicana (Linnaeus) Trinius var. mexicana
minutissima Steudel = Muhlenbergia minutissima (Steudel) Swallen
palustris Hudson = Agrostis stolonifera Linnaeus
perennans (Walter) Tuckerman : Reported by M&H, but no validating specimens located. [Allred
2005].
pyramidata Lamarck = Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lamarck) A.S. Hitchcock
racemosa Michaux = Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michaux) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg
rosei sensu W&S = Agrostis elliottiana Schultes
scabra Willdenow [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
rough bentgrass
Agrostis hiemalis sensu W&S
semiverticillata (Forsskål) C. Christensen = Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistroffer
*stolonifera Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
creeping bentgrass
Agrostis alba of numerous authors
Agrostis palustris Hudson
Agrostis stolonifera Linnaeus var. palustris (Hudson) Farwell
stolonifera Linnaeus var. palustris (Hudson) Farwell = Agrostis stolonifera Linnaeus
torreyi Kunth = Muhlenbergia torreyi (Kunth) A.S. Hitchcock
variabilis Rydberg [Allred 2005]
mountain bentgrass
viridis Gouan = Polypogon viridis (Gouran) Breistroffer
Aira silver-hairgrass
Adams, T. 1998. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 8:10. [Aira elegans]
aquatica Linnaeus = Catabrosa aquatica (Linnaeus) Beauvois
cespitosa Linnaeus = Deschampsia cespitosa (Linnaeus) Beauvois
danthonioides Trinius = Deschampsia danthonioides (Trinius) Munro ex Bentham
*elegans Willdenow ex Kunth [Adams 1998]
annual silver-hairgrass
macrantha Ledebour = Koeleria macrantha (Ledebour) J.A. Schultes
obtusata Michaux = Sphenopholis obtusata (Michaux) Scribner
purpurea Walter = Triplasis purpurea (Walter) Chapman
spicata Linnaeus = Trisetum spicatum (Linnaeus) Richter

500
Alopecurus foxtail
Sieber, V.K. & B.G. Murray. 1979. The cytology of the genus Alopecurus (Gramineae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 79:343-355.
aequalis Sobolewsky [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
shortawn foxtail
Alopecurus aristulatus Michaux
agrestis Linnaeus = Alopecurus myosuroides Hudson
aristulatus Michaux = Alopecurus aequalis Sobolewsky
carolinianus Walter [Allred 2005; M&H]
Carolina foxtail
*geniculatus Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
water foxtail
monspeliensis Linnaeus = Polypogon monspeliensis (Linnaeus) Desfontaines
*myosuroides Hudson [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
slender foxtail
Alopecurus agrestis Linnaeus
*pratensis Linnaeus [Allred 2005]
meadow foxtail
Amphilophis barbinodis (Lagasca) Nash in Small = Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lagasca) Herter
saccharoides as used by various authors = Bothriochloa laguroides (A.P. de Candolle) Herter subsp.
torreyana (Steudel) Allred & Gould
wrightii (Hackel) Nash = Bothriochloa wrightii (Hackel) Henrard
Andropogon bluestem
Barnes, P.W. 1986. Variation in the big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii)-sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii) complex
along a local dune/meadow gradient in the Nebraska sandhills. Amer. J. Bot. 73(2):172-184.
Campbell, C.S. 1986. Phylogenetic reconstructions and two new varieties in the Andropogon virginicus complex
(Poaceae: Andropogoneae). Syst. Bot. 11(2):280-292.
Gould, F.W. 1959. Transfers from Andropogon to Bothriochloa (Gramineae). Southw. Natural. 3:212.
Gould, F.W. 1967. The grass genus Andropogon in the United States. Brittonia 19:70-76.
Wipff, J.K. 1996. Nomenclatural combinations in the Andropogon gerardii complex (Poaceae: Andropogoneae).
Phytologia 80(1):343-347.
altus Hitchcock = Bothriochloa alta (Hitchcock) Henrard
argenteus A.P. de Candolle = Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lagasca) Herter
barbinodis Lagasca = Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lagasca) Herter
bladhii Retzius = Bothriochloa bladhii (Retzius) S.T. Blake
chrysocomus Nash = Andropogon gerardii Vitman subsp. chrysocomus (Nash) Wipff
cirratus Hackel = Schizachyrium cirratum (Hackel) Wooton & Standley
contortus Linnaeus = Heteropogon contortus (Linnaeus) Beauvois ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes
feensis Fournier = Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retzius) Alston var. hirtiflorum (Nees) Hatch
furcatus Muhlenberg = Andropogon gerardii Vitman subsp. gerardii
gerardii Vitman subsp. chrysocomus (Nash) Wipff [Allred 2005; W&S]
sand bluestem
Andropogon chrysocomus Nash
gerardii Vitman subsp. gerardii [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
big bluestem
Andropogon furcatus Muhlenberg
gerardii Vitman subsp. hallii (Hackel) Wipff [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
hall’s bluestem, sand bluestem
Andropogon gerardii Vitman var. paucipilus (Nash) Fernald
Andropogon hallii Hackel var. flaveolus (Hackel) Hackel Note: There may be problems with
the typificatin of this epithet and it may belong the subsp. chrysocomus instead.
Andropogon hallii Hackel
Andropogon hallii Hackel var. muticus Hackel
gerardii Vitman var. paucipilus (Nash) Fernald = Andropogon gerardii Vitman subsp. hallii
(Hackel) Wipff
glomeratus (Walter) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg var. pumilus sensu Kartesz (1999) =
Andropogon glomeratus (Walter) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg var. scabriglumus
Campbell
glomeratus (Walter) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg var. scabriglumus Campbell [Allred
2005; Campbell 1986; M&H]

501
 southwestern bushy bluestem
Andropogon glomeratus (Walter) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg var. pumilus sensu
Kartesz
hallii Hackel = Andropogon gerardii Vitman subsp. hallii (Hackel) Wipff
hallii Hackel var. flaveolus (Hackel) Hackel = Andropogon gerardii Vitman subsp. hallii (Hackel)
Wipff Note: There may be problems with the typification of this epithet and it may belong the
subsp. chrysocomus instead.
hallii Hackel var. muticus Hackel = Andropogon gerardii Vitman subsp. hallii (Hackel) Wipff
hirtiflorus (Nees) Kunth var. feensis (Fournier) Hackel = Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retzius)
Alston var. hirtiflorum (Nees) Hatch
hirtiflorus (Nees) Kunth var. hirtiflorus = Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retzius) Alston var.
hirtiflorum (Nees) Hatch
ischaemum Linnaeus = Bothriochloa ischaemum (Linnaeus) Keng var. ischaemum
ischaemum Linnaeus var. songaricus Ruprecht ex Fischer & C.A.Meyer = Bothriochloa ischaemum
(Linnaeus) Keng var. songarica (Ruprecht ex Fischer & Meyer) Celerier & Harlan
nutans Linnaeus = Sorghastrum nutans (Linnaeus) Nash
perforatus Fournier = Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lagasca) Herter
ravennae Linnaeus = Saccharum ravennae (Linnaeus) Linnaeus
saccharoides as used by various authors = Bothriochloa laguroides (A.P. de Candolle) Herter subsp.
torreyana (Steudel) Allred & Gould
scoparius Michaux var. frequens C.E. Hubbard = Schizachyrium scoparium (Michaux) Nash var.
scoparium
scoparius Michaux var. neomexicanus (Nash) Hitchcock = Schizachyrium neomexicanum Nash
scoparius Michaux var. scoparius = Schizachyrium scoparium (Michaux) Nash var. scoparium
springfieldii Gould = Bothriochloa springfieldii (Gould) Parodi
torreyanus Steudel = Bothriochloa laguroides (A.P. de Candolle) Herter subsp. torreyana (Steudel)
Allred & Gould
wrightii Hackel = Bothriochloa wrightii (Hackel) Henrard
Anisantha diandra (Roth) Tutin = Bromus diandrus Roth
rubens (Linnaeus) Nevski = Bromus rubens Linnaeus
sterilis (Linnaeus) Nevski = Bromus sterilis Linnaeus
tectorum (Linnaeus) Nevski = Bromus tectorum Linnaeus
Anthephora belangeri Steudel = Hilaria belangeri (Steudel) Nash
Anthoxanthum vernalgrass
Hartman, R.L. 1973. New plant records for New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 18(2):241-242.
Hedberg, I. 1990. Morphological, cytotaxonomic and evolutionary studies in Anthoxanthum odoratum L. s.l.
Sommerfeltia 11:97-107.
Schouten, Y. & J.F. Veldkamp. 1985. A revision of Anthoxanthum including Hierochloe (Gramineae) in Malesia and
Thailand. Blumea 30:319-351.
nitens (Weber) Y. Schouten & Veldkamp = Hierochloe odorata (Linnaeus) Beauvois
*odoratum Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
sweet vernalgrass
Apera silky-bent
Bjorkman, S.O. 1960. Studies in Agrostis and related genera. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 17:1-112.
*interrupta (Linnaeus) Beauvois [Allred 2005]
dense silky-bent
Agrostis interruptus Linnaeus
Aristida threeawn
Allred, K.W. 1984. Morphologic variation and classification of the North American Aristida purpurea complex
(Gramineae). Brittonia 36:382-395.
Allred, K.W. 1994. A new name for Aristida hamulosa (Gramineae). Phytologia 77(5):411-413.
Allred, K.W. & J. Valdés-Reyna. 1995. Novelties and notes in North American Aristida (Gramineae). Novon
5(3):209-222.
Allred, K.W. & J. Valdes-Reyna. 1997. The Aristida pansa complex and a key to the Divaricatae group of North
America (Gramineae: Aristideae). Brittonia 49(1):54-66.
Trent, J.S. & K.W. Allred. 1990. A taxonomic comparison of Aristida ternipes and Aristida hamulosa (Gramineae).
Sida 14(2):251-261.
adscensionis Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
six-weeks threeawn
Aristida bromoides Kunth
arizonica Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]

502
 Arizona threeawn
barbata Fournier = Aristida havardii Vasey
bromoides Kunth = Aristida adscensionis Linnaeus
brownii Warnock = Aristida purpurea Nuttall var. wrightii (Nash) Allred forma brownii (Warnock)
Allred & Valdes-R.
dissita I.M. Johnston = Aristida pansa Wooton & Standley forma dissita (I.M. Johnston) Allred &
Valdes-R.
divaricata Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
poverty threeawn
divergens Vasey = Aristida ternipes Cavanilles var. ternipes
fendleriana Steudel = Aristida purpurea Nuttall var. fendleriana (Steudel) Vasey
gentilis Henrard = Aristida ternipes Cavanilles var. gentilis (Henrard) Allred
glauca (Nees) Walpers = Aristida purpurea Nuttall var. nealleyi (Vasey) Allred
hamulosa Henrard = Aristida ternipes Cavanilles var. gentilis (Henrard) Allred
havardii Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Havard’s threeawn
Aristida barbata Fournier
longiseta Steudel var. longiseta = Aristida purpurea Nuttall var. longiseta (Steudel) Vasey
longiseta Steudel var. rariflora Hitchcock = Aristida purpurea Nuttall var. longiseta (Steudel) Vasey
longiseta Steudel var. robusta Merrill = Aristida purpurea Nuttall var. longiseta (Steudel) Vasey
micrantha Nash = Aristida purpurea Nuttall var. purpurea
*oligantha Michaux [Allred 2005; M&H]
oldfield threeawn
orcuttiana Vasey = Aristida schiedeana Trinius & Ruprecht var. orcuttiana (Vasey) Allred &
Valdés-R.
pansa Wooton & Standley forma dissita (I.M. Johnston) Allred & Valdes-R. [Allred 2005;
M&H]
Wooton’s threeawn
Aristida dissita I.M. Johnston
Aristida pansa Wooton & Standley var. dissita (I.M. Johnston) Beetle
pansa Wooton & Standley var. dissita (I.M. Johnston) Beetle = Aristida pansa Wooton & Standley
forma dissita (I.M. Johnston) Allred & Valdes-R.
pansa Wooton & Standley forma pansa [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Wooton’s threeawn
Aristida pansa Wooton & Standley var. pansa
pansa Wooton & Standley var. pansa = Aristida pansa Wooton & Standley forma pansa
purpurea Nuttall var. fendleriana (Steudel) Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Fendler threeawn
Aristida fendleriana Steudel
purpurea Nuttall var. laxiflora Merrill = Aristida purpurea Nuttall var. purpurea
purpurea Nuttall var. longiseta (Steudel) Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
red threeawn
Aristida longiseta Steudel
Aristida longiseta Steudel var. rariflora Hitchcock
Aristida longiseta Steudel var. robusta Merrill
purpurea Nuttall var. nealleyi (Vasey) Allred [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Nealley’s threeawn
Aristida glauca (Nees) Walpers
Aristida stricta Michaux var. nealleyi Vasey
Aristida vaseyi Wooton & Standley
purpurea Nuttall var. perplexa Allred & Valdes-R. [Allred & Valdes-R. 1995]
Jornada threeawn
purpurea Nuttall var. purpurea [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
purple threeawn
Aristida micrantha Nash
Aristida purpurea Nuttall var. laxiflora Merrill
Aristida roemeriana Scheele
purpurea Nuttall var. wrightii (Nash) Allred [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]

503
 Wright’s threeawn
Aristida wrightii Nash
purpurea Nuttall var. wrightii (Nash) Allred forma brownii (Warnock) Allred & Valdes-
R. [Allred & Valdes-R. 1995.]
Brown’s threeawn
Aristida brownii Warnock
roemeriana Scheele = Aristida purpurea Nuttall var. purpurea
schiedeana Trinius & Ruprecht var. orcuttiana (Vasey) Allred & Valdés-R. [Allred &
Valdes-R. 1995; M&H; W&S]
single threeawn
Aristida orcuttiana Vasey
stricta Michaux var. nealleyi Vasey = Aristida purpurea Nuttall var. nealleyi (Vasey) Allred
ternipes Cavanilles var. gentilis (Henrard) Allred [Allred 2005; M&H]
hook threeawn
Aristida gentilis Henrard
Aristida hamulosa Henrard
Aristida ternipes Cavanilles var. hamulosa (Henrard) Trent
ternipes Cavanilles var. hamulosa (Henrard) Trent = Aristida ternipes Cavanilles var. gentilis
(Henrard) Allred
ternipes Cavanilles var. minor (Vasey) Hitchcock = Aristida ternipes Cavanilles var. ternipes
ternipes Cavanilles var. ternipes [Allred 2005; M&H]
spidergrass
Aristida divergens Vasey
Aristida ternipes Cavanilles var. minor (Vasey) Hitchcock
vaseyi Wooton & Standley = Aristida purpurea Nuttall var. nealleyi (Vasey) Allred
wrightii Nash = Aristida purpurea Nuttall var. wrightii Nash
Arrhenatherum oatgrass
*elatius (Linnaeus) Beauvois ex J. & C. Presl [Allred 2005; M&H]
tall oatgrass
Avena elatior Linnaeus
Arundo giant reed
australis Cavanilles s.s. = Phragmites australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel subsp. australis
canadensis Michaux = Calamagrostis canadensis (Michaux) Beauvois
*donax Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
giant reed
Atheropogon curtipendulus Fournier = Bouteloua curtipendula (Michaux) Torrey var. curtipendula
filiformis Fournier = Bouteloua repens (Kunth) Scribner & Merrill
radicosus Fournier = Bouteloua radicosa (Fournier) Griffiths
Avena oats
Baum, B.R. 1977. Oats: wild and cultivated. Biosystematics Research Institute, Canada Dept. Agr., Monography No.
14.
Marshall, D. & S. Jain. 1968. Phenotypic plasticity of Avena fatua and A. barbata. Amer. Naturalist 102:457-467.
Scholz, H. 1991. Die Systematik der Avena sterilis und A. fatua (Gramineae): eine kritische Studie. [The systematics
of Avena sterilis and A. fatua (Gramineae): a critical study.] Willdenowia 20(1-2):103-112.
*barbata Pott ex Link [Allred 2005]
slender oats
elatior Linnaeus = Arrhenatherum elatius (Linnaeus) Beauvois ex J. & C. Presl
*fatua Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
wild oats
fatua Linnaeus var. sativa (Linnaeus) Haussknecht = Avena sativa Linnaeus
hookeri Scribner = Helictotrichon hookeri (Scribner) Henrard
mortoniana Scribner = Helictotrichon mortonianum (Scribner) Henrard
*sativa Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
common oats
Avena fatua Linnaeus var. sativa (Linnaeus) Haussknecht
spicata Linnaeus = Danthonia spicata (Linnaeus) Beauvois ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes
striata Michaux = Schizachne purpurascens (Torrey) Swallen
Avenula hookeri (Scribner) Holub = Helictotrichon hookeri (Scribner) Henrard

504
Beckmannia sloughgrass
Koyama, T. & S. Kawano. 1964. Critical taxa of grasses with North American and eastern Asiatic distribution. Canad.
J. Bot. 42:859-884.
Reeder, J.R. 1953. Affinities of the grass genus Beckmannia Host. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 80(3):187-196.
eruciformis (Linnaeus) Host = Beckmannia syzigachne (Steudel) Fernald subsp. baicalensis (N.I.
Kusnezow) T. Koyama & Kawano
eruciformis var. baicalensis N.I. Kusnezow = Beckmannia syzigachne (Steudel) Fernald subsp.
baicalensis (N.I. Kusnezow) T. Koyama & Kawano
syzigachne (Steudel) Fernald subsp. baicalensis (N.I. Kusnezow) T. Koyama & Kawano
[Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
American sloughgrass
Beckmannia eruciformis (Linnaeus) Host
Beckmannia eruciformis var. baicalensis N.I. Kusnezow
Blepharidachne desertgrass
Hunziker, A. & A.M. Anton. 1979. A synoptical revision of Blepharidachne (Poaceae). Brittonia 31:446-453.
bigelovii (S. Watson) Hackel [Allred 2005]
Bigelow’s desertgrass
Eremochloe bigelovii S. Watson
Blepharoneuron dropseed
Peterson, P.M. & C.R. Annable. 1990. A revision of Blepharoneuron (Poaceae: Eragrostideae). Syst. Bot. 15(4):515-
525.
tricholepis (Torrey) Nash [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
pine dropseed
Vilfa tricholepis Torrey
Bothriochloa bluestem
Allred, K.W. 1983. Systematics of the Bothriochloa saccharoides complex (Poaceae: Andropogoneae). Syst. Bot.
8:168-184.
Gould, F.W. 1959. Transfers from Andropogon to Bothriochloa (Gramineae). Southw. Natural. 3:212.
Gould, F.W. 1967. The grass genus Andropogon in the United States. Brittonia 19:70-76.
Vega, A.S. 2000. Revisión taxonómica de las especies Americanas del género Bothriochloa (Poaceae: Panicoideae:
Andropogoneae). Darwiniana 38(1-2):127-186.
alta (Hitchcock) Henrard [Allred 2005]
tall bluestem
Andropogon altus Hitchcock
barbinodis (Lagasca) Herter [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
cane bluestem
Amphilophis barbinodis (Lagasca) Nash
Andropogon argenteus A.P. de Candolle
Andropogon barbinodis Lagasca
Andropogon perforatus Fournier
*bladhii (Retzius) S.T. Blake [Allred 2005]
Australian bluestem
Andropogon bladhii Retzius
Bothriochloa caucasica (Trinius) C.E. Hubbard
Bothriochloa intermedia (R. Brown) A. Camus
caucasica (Trinius) C.E. Hubbard = Bothriochloa bladhii (Retzius) S.T. Blake
intermedia (R. Brown) A. Camus = Bothriochloa bladhii (Retzius) S.T. Blake
*ischaemum (Linnaeus) Keng var. ischaemum [Allred 2005]
yellow bluestem
Andropogon ischaemum Linnaeus
*ischaemum (Linnaeus) Keng var. songarica (Ruprecht ex Fischer & Meyer) Celerier &
Harlan [Allred 2005]
King Ranch bluestem
Andropogon ischaemum Linnaeus var. songaricus Ruprecht ex Fischer & C.A.Meyer
laguroides (A.P. de Candolle) Herter subsp. torreyana (Steudel) Allred & Gould [Allred
2005; M&H; W&S]
silver bluestem
Amphilophis saccharoides auctores non (Swartz) Nash

505
 Andropogon saccharoides auctores non Swartz Note: The true Andropogon saccharoides
Swartz is native to the West Indies.
Andropogon torreyanus Steudel
reevesii (Gould) Gould : Reported for NM by Vega (2000), from Guadalupe Co., but the specimen
cited (Arsène & Benedict 16669, MO) is Bothriochloa springfieldii (Gould) Parodi.
springfieldii (Gould) Parodi [Allred 2005]
Springfield’s bluestem
Andropogon springfieldii Gould
wrightii (Hackel) Henrard [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Wright’s bluestem
Amphilophis wrightii (Hackel) Nash
Andropogon wrightii Hackel
Bouteloua grama
Columbus, J.T. 1993. The affinities of Bouteloua aristidoides and B. (Chondrosum) eriopoda and the Bouteloua-
Chondrosum generic delimitation problem (Gramineae: Cynodonteae). Amer. J. Bot. 80(suppl.):138.
Columbus, J.T. 1999. An expanded circumscription of Bouteloua (Gramineae: Chloridoideae): new combinations and
names. Aliso 18(1):61-65.
Columbus, J.T. 1999. Morphology and leaf blade anatomy suggest a close relationship between Bouteloua aristidoides
and B. (Chondrosum) eriopoda (Gramineae: Chloridoideae). Syst. Bot. 23(4):467-478.
Esparza-Sandoval, S. & Y. Herrera-Arrieta. 1996. Revision de Bouteloua barbata Lagasca (Poaceae: Eragrostideae).
Phytologia 80(2):73-91.
Gould, F.W. 1979. The genus Bouteloua. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 66:348-416.
Griffiths, D. 1912. The grama grasses: Bouteloua and related genera. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 14(3):343-428.
Kartesz, J.T. & K.N. Gandhi. 1990. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora. IV. Phytologia 69(4):301-312.
[Bouteloa gracilis]
Reeder, J.R. 1986. Type specimen of Bouteloua ramosa Scribner ex Vasey (Gramineae). Taxon 35(1):149-153.
Reeder, J.R. & C.G. Reeder. 1980. Systematics of Bouteloua breviseta and B. ramosa (Gramineae). Syst. Bot.
5(3):312-321.
Reeder, J.R. & C.G. Reeder. 1990. Bouteloua eludens: elusive indeed, but not rare. Desert Plants 10(1):19-22,31.
Strahan, R. 2007. Plant distribution reports [Bouteloua rigidiseta]. The New Mexico Botanist 37:7.
aristidoides (Kunth) Grisebach var. aristidoides [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
needle grama
Bouteloua gracilis Vasey
Dinebra aristidoides Kunth
aristidoides (Kunth) Grisebach var. arizonica Jones [Allred 2005]
needle grama
barbata Lagasca var. barbata [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
sixweeks grama
Chondrosum barbatum (Lagasca) W.D. Clayton
barbata Lagasca var. rothrockii (Vasey) Gould [Allred 2005]
Rothrock’s grama
Bouteloua rothrockii Vasey
breviseta Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
gyp grama
Chondrosum brevisetum (Vasey) Clayton
chondrosoides (Kunth) Bentham ex S. Watson : Reported by M&H, but no validating specimens
located [Allred 2005; T. Columbus, pers. comm.].
curtipendula (Michaux) Torrey in Marcy var. caespitosa Gould & Kapadia [Allred 2005]
sideoats grama
curtipendula (Michaux) Torrey var. curtipendula [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
sideoats grama
Atheropogon curtipendulus Fournier
dactyloides (Nuttall) J.T. Columbus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
buffalograss
Buchloe dactyloides (Nuttall) Engelmann
Bulbilis dactyloides (Nuttall) Rafinesque
Sesleria dactyloides Nuttall
eludens Griffiths [Allred 2005]
Santa Rita grama

506
 eriopoda (Torrey) Torrey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
black grama
Chondrosum eriopodum Torrey
filiformis (Fournier) Griffiths = Bouteloua repens (Kunth) Scribner & Merrill
gracilis (Willdenow ex Kunth) Lagasca ex Griffiths [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
blue grama
“Bouteloua gracilis” Lagasca nom. nud.
Bouteloua oligostachya (Nuttall) Torrey ex A. Gray
Chondrosum gracile Willdenow ex Kunth
gracilis Vasey (not Willdenow ex Kunth) = Bouteloua aristidoides (Kunth) Grisebach var.
aristidoides
hirsuta Lagasca [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
hairy grama
Chondrosum foenum Torrey
Chondrosum hirsutum (Lagasca) Kunth
oligostachya (Nuttall) Torrey ex A. Gray = Bouteloua gracilis (Willdenow ex Kunth) Lagasca ex
Griffiths
parryi (Fournier) Griffiths [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Parry’s grama
Chondrosum parryi Fournier
procumbens (Durand) Griffiths = Bouteloua simplex Lagasca
radicosa (Fournier) Griffiths [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
purple grama
Atheropogon radicosus Fournier
ramosa Vasey : Reported by M&H, but no validating specimens located [Allred 2005; Reeder &
Reeder 1980].
repens (Kunth) Scribner & Merrill [Allred 2005; M&H]
slender grama
Atheropogon filiformis Fournier
Bouteloua filiformis (Fournier) Griffiths
Dinebra repens Kunth
rigidiseta (Steudel) A.S. Hitchcock [Strahan 2007]
Texas grama
Aegopogon rigidisetus Steudel
rothrockii Vasey = Bouteloua barbata Lagasca var. rothrockii (Vasey) Gould
simplex Lagasca [Allred 2005; M&H; M&H; W&S]
mat grama
Bouteloua procumbens (Durand) Griffiths
Chondrosum simplex (Lagasca) Kunth
trifida Thurber ex S. Watson [Allred 2005; M&H]
red grama
Bouteloua trifida Thurber ex S. Watson var. burkii (Scribner ex S. Watson) Vasey ex
L.H. Dewey
Chondrosum trifidum (Thurber ex S. Watson) Clayton
trifida Thurber ex S. Watson var. burkii (Scribner ex S. Watson) Vasey ex L.H. Dewey = Bouteloua
trifida Thurber ex S. Watson
warnockii Gould & Kapadia [Allred 2005; M&H]
Warnock’s grama
Brachiaria arizonica (Scribner & Merrill) S.T. Blake = Urochloa arizonica (Scribner & Merrill) Morrone
& Zuloaga
ciliatissima (Buckley) Chase = Urochloa ciliatissima (Buckley) R.D. Webster
fasciculata (Swartz) Parodi = Urochloa fusca (Swartz) Hansen & Wunderlin
texana (Buckley) S.T. Blake = Urochloa texana (Buckley) R.D. Webster
Briza quaking grass
Allred, K.W. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 29:7. [Briza maxima]
Forbes, A. 1998. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 8:10. [Briza minor]
*maxima Linnaeus [Allred 2004]
great quaking grass
507
 *minor Linnaeus [Forbes 1998]
little quaking grass
Brizopyrum obtusiflorum Fournier = Eragrostis obtusiflora (Fournier) Scribner
Bromopsis anomala (Ruprecht ex Fournier) Holub = Bromus anomalus Ruprecht ex Fournier
ciliata (Linnaeus) Holub = Bromus ciliata Linnaeus
frondosa (Shear) Holub = Bromus frondosus Shear
inermis (Leysser) Holub = Bromus inermis Leysser
lanatipes (Shear) Holub = Bromus lanatipes Shear
porteri (Coulter) Holub = Bromus porteri Coulter
pumpellianus (Scribner) Holub = Bromus pumpellianus Scribner
richardsonii (Link) Holub = Bromus richardsonii Link
Bromus brome
Allred, K.W. 1993. Bromus, section Pnigma, in New Mexico, with a key to the bromegrasses of the state. Phytologia
74:319-345.
Barkworth, M.E., L.K. Anderston, J. McGrew, & D.E. Giblin. 2006. Geography and morphology of the Bromus
carinatus (Poaceae: Bromeae) complex. Madroño 53(3):233-243.
Elliott, F.C. 1949. Bromus inermis and B. pumpellianus in North America. Evolution 3:142-149.
Gill, G.S. & S.A. Carstairs. 1988. Morphological, cytological and ecological discrimination of Bromus rigidus from
Bromus diandrus. Weed Research 28:399-405.
Hatch, S.L. 1977. New grass distribution records for New Mexico and the United States. Great Basin Naturalist
37(4):530-531. [Bromus diandrus, Bromus mollis]
Kon, K.R. & W.M. Blacklow. 1989. The biology of Australian weeds 19. Bromus diandrus Roth and B. rigidus Roth.
Plant Protection Quarterly 4(2):51-59.
Pavlick, L. 1995. Bromus L. of North America. Royal British Columbia Museum.
Peterson, P.M., J. Cayouette, Y.S.N. Ferdinandez, B. Coulman, & R.E. Chapman. 2001. Recognition of Bromus
richardsonii and B. ciliatus: Evidence from morphology, cytology, and DNA fingerprinting (Poaceae:
Bromeae). Aliso 20(1):21-36.
Peterson, R. 1997. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 6:8. [Bromus sterilis]
Pinto-Escobar, P. 1976. Nota sobre el ejemplar tipo de "Bromus catharticus" Vahl. Caldasia 11(54):9-16.
Sales, F. 1993. Taxonomy and nomenclature of Bromus sect. Genea. Edinburgh J. Botany 50(1):1-31.
Soderstrom, T.R. & J.H. Beaman. 1968. The genus Bromus (Gramineae) in Mexico and Central America. Publ. Mus.
Mich. St. Univ., Biol. Ser. 3(5):465-520.
Wagnon, H.K. 1952. A revision of the genus Bromus, section Bromopsis, of North America. Brittonia 7:415-480.
anomalus Ruprecht ex Fournier [Allred 2005; M&H]
nodding brome
Bromopsis anomala (Ruprecht ex Fournier) Holub
anomalus var. lanatipes (Shear) Hitchcock = Bromus lanatipes (Shear) Rydberg
arenarius Labillardière : Reported by Pavlick & Anderton (2007) but NM specimens not known;
awaits verification.
arizonicus (Shear) Stebbins : Reported by Pavlick & Anderton (2007) but NM specimens not
known; awaits verification.
*briziformis Fischer & Meyer [Allred 2005]
rattlesnake chess
canadensis Michaux = Bromus ciliatus Linnaeus
carinatus Hooker & Arnott [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
California brome, mountain brome
Bromus carinatus Nooker & Arnott var. marginatus (Nees) Barkworth & Anderton
Bromus marginatus Nees ex Steudel
Bromus marginatus Nees ex Steudel var. seminudus Shear
Bromus polyanthus Scribner
Bromus polyanthus Scribner var. paniculatus Shear
Ceratochloa carinata (Hooker & Arnott) Tutin
Ceratochloa marginata (Nees ex Steudel) B.D. Jackson
Ceratochloa polyantha (Scribner) Tsvelev
carinatus Nooker & Arnott var. marginatus (Nees) Barkworth & Anderton = Bromus carinatus
Hooker & Arnott
*catharticus Vahl [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
rescuegrass
Bromus unioloides (Willdenow) Kunth
Bromus willdenovii Kunth
Ceratochloa cathartica (Vahl) Herter

508
ciliatus Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H; M&H; W&S]
fringed brome
Bromopsis ciliata (Linnaeus) Holub
Bromus canadensis Michaux
commutatus Schrader = Bromus japonicus Thunberg ex Murray
cristatus Linnaeus = Agropyron cristatum (Linnaeus) Gaertner
*diandrus Roth [Allred 2005; Hatch 1977]
ripgut brome
Anisantha diandra (Roth) Tutin
Bromus rigidus of numerous authors
frondosus (Shear) Wooton & Standley [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
weeping brome
Bromopsis frondosa (Shear) Holub
Bromus porteri var. frondosus Shear
hordeaceus Linnaeus var. glabrescens (Coss.) Shear = Bromus hordeaceus Linnaeus subsp.
hordeaceus
*hordeaceus Linnaeus subsp. hordeaceus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
soft brome
Bromus hordeaceus Linnaeus var. glabrescens (Coss.) Shear
Bromus mollis Linnaeus
Bromus racemosus sensu M&H
*hordeaceus Linnaeus subsp. molliformis (Lloyd) Maire & Weiller [Allred 2005]
soft brome
Bromus molliformis Lloyd
*inermis Leysser [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
smooth brome
Bromopsis inermis (Leysser) Holub
inermis Leysser var. purpurascens (Hooker) Wagnon = Bromus pumpellianus Scribner
*japonicus Thunberg ex Murray [Allred 2005; M&H]
Japanese brome, meadow brome
Bromus commutatus Schrader
Bromus japonicus var. porrectus Hackel
japonicus var. porrectus Hackel = Bromus japonicus Thunberg ex Murray
kalmii Gray var. porteri Coulter = Bromus porteri (Coulter) Nash
lanatipes (Shear) Rydberg [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
shaggy brome
Bromopsis lanatipes (Shear) Holub
Bromus anomalus var. lanatipes (Shear) Hitchcock
Bromus porteri var. lanatipes Shear
madritensis Linnaeus var. rubens (Linnaeus) Husnot = Bromus rubens Linnaeus
marginatus Nees ex Steudel = Bromus carinatus Hooker & Arnott
marginatus Nees ex Steudel var. seminudus Shear = Bromus carinatus Hooker & Arnott
molliformis Lloyd = Bromus hordeaceus Linnaeus subsp. molliformis (Lloyd) Maire & Weiller
mollis Linnaeus = Bromus hordeaceus Linnaeus subsp. hordeaceus
mucroglumis Wagnon [Peterson et al. 2001; Wagnon 1952]
southwestern brome
polyanthus Scribner = Bromus carinatus Hooker & Arnott
polyanthus Scribner var. paniculatus Shear = Bromus carinatus Hooker & Arnott
porteri (Coulter) Nash [Allred 2005; W&S]
Porter’s brome
Bromus kalmii Gray var. porteri Coulter
Bromopsis porteri (Coulter) Holub
porteri (Coulter) Nash var. frondosus Shear = Bromus frondosus (Shear) Wooton & Standley
porteri var. lanatipes Shear = Bromus lanatipes (Shear) Rydberg
pumpellianus Scribner [Allred 2005]
American smooth brome
Bromopsis pumpellianus (Scribner) Holub

509
 Bromus inermis Leysser var. purpurascens (Hooker) Wagnon
purgans Linnaeus : Reported by M&H, but no validating specimens located [Allred 2005].
racemosus sensu M&H = Bromus hordeaceus Linnaeus subsp. hordeaceus
richardsonii Link [Peterson et al. 2001]
Richardson’s brome
Bromopsis richardsonii (Link) Holub
rigidus of numerous authors = Bromus diandrus Roth
*rubens Linnaeus [Allred 2005; Hatch 1977; M&H]
foxtail brome, red brome
Anisantha rubens (Linnaeus) Nevski
Bromus madritensis Linnaeus var. rubens (Linnaeus) Husnot
*secalinus Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
rye chess
*sterilis Linnaeus [Allred 2005; Peterson 1997; M&H]
poverty brome
Anisantha sterilis (Linnaeus) Nevski
*tectorum Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
cheatgrass, downy brome
Anisantha tectorum (Linnaeus) Nevski
trinii Desvaux : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
unioloides (Willdenow) Kunth = Bromus catharticus Vahl
willdenovii Kunth = Bromus catharticus Vahl
Buchloe dactyloides (Nuttall) Engelmann = Bouteloua dactyloides (Nuttall) J.T. Columbus
Bulbilis dactyloides (Nuttall) Rafinesque = Bouteloua dactyloides (Nuttall) J.T. Columbus
Calamagrostis reedgrass
Greene, C.W. 1984. Sexual and apomictic reproduction in Calamagrostis (Gramineae) from eastern North America.
Amer. J. Bot. 71:285-293.
Kawano, S. 1965. Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Brown and its identity. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 21:73-89.
Nygren, A. 1954. Investigations on North American Calamagrostis. I. Hereditas 40:377-397.
Nygren, A. 1958. Investigations on North American Calamagrostis. II. Lantbrukshogskolans Ann. 24:363-368.
andina Nuttall = Muhlenbergia andina (Nuttall) A.S. Hitchcock
canadensis (Michaux) Beauvois [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Canada reedgrass
Arundo canadensis Michaux
Calamagrostis scribneri Beal
gigantea Nuttall = Calamovilfa gigantea (Nuttall) Scribner & Merrill
hyperborea var. americana (Vasey) Kearney = Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler subsp.
inexpansa (Gray) C.W. Greene
inexpansa Gray = Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler subsp. inexpansa (Gray) C.W. Greene
longifolia Hooker = Calamovilfa longifolia (Hooker) Scribner
neglecta of numerous authors = Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler subsp. inexpansa (Gray) C.W.
Greene
purpurascens R. Brown var. purpurascens [Allred 2005; M&H]
purple reedgrass
scopulorum M.E. Jones [Allred 2005; M&H]
Jones’s reedgrass
scribneri Beal = Calamagrostis canadensis (Michaux) Beauvois
stricta (Timm) Koeler subsp. inexpansa (Gray) C.W.Greene [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
slender reedgrass
Calamagrostis hyperborea Lange var. americana (Vasey) Kearney
Calamagrostis inexpansa Gray
Calamagrostis neglecta of numerous authors
tenuifolia Kunth = Muhlenbergia tenuifolia (Kunth) Trinius
Calamovilfa sandreed
Reeder, J.R. & M.E. Ellington. 1960. Calamovilfa, a misplaced genus of Gramineae. Brittonia 12:71-77.
Thieret, J.W. 1966. Synopsis of the genus Calamovilfa (Gramineae). Castanea 31:145-152.
gigantea (Nuttall) Scribner & Merrill [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
big sandreed

510
 Calamagrostis gigantea Nuttall
longifolia (Hooker) Scribner [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
prairie sandreed
Calamagrostis longifolia Hooker
Calycodon montanum Nuttall = Muhlenbergia montana (Nuttall) A.S. Hitchcock
Capriola dactylon (Linnaeus) Kuntze = Cynodon dactylon (Linnaeus) Persoon
Catabrosa brookgrass
aquatica (Linnaeus) Beauvois var. aquatica [Allred 2005]
brookgrass
Aira aquatica Linnaeus
Catabrosa aquatica (Linnaeus) Beauvois var. uniflora S.F. Gray
aquatica (Linnaeus) Beauvois var. uniflora S.F. Gray = Catabrosa aquatica (Linnaeus) Beauvois var.
aquatica
Catapodium rigid-fescue
Allred, K.W. 1998. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 8:10. [Catapodium rigidum]
*rigidum (Linnaeus) C.E. Hubbard ex Dony [Allred 1998]
fern grass, rigid-fescue
Desmazeria rigida (Linnaeus) Tutin
Poa rigida Linnaeus
Scleropoa rigida (Linnaeus) Grisebach
Cathestecum erectum Vasey & Hackel : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
Cenchrus sandbur
DeLisle, D.G. 1963. Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Cenchrus. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 37:259-351.
carolinianus Walter = Cenchrus longispinus (Hackel) Fernald
ciliaris Linnaeus = Pennisetum ciliare (Linnaeus) Link
*echinatus Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
southern sandbur
echinatus Linnaeus forma longispinus Hackel = Cenchrus longispinus (Hackel) Fernald
granularis Linnaeus = Hackelochloa granularis (Linnaeus) Kuntze
incertus M.A. Curtis = Cenchrus spinifex Cavanilles
longispinus (Hackel) Fernald [Allred 2005; W&S]
innocent-weed, long-spine sandbur
Cenchrus carolinianus Walter
Cenchrus echinatus Linnaeus forma longispinus Hackel
Cenchrus pauciflorus Bentham in part
parviflorus Poiret = Cenchrus parviflora (Poiret) Kerguélen
pauciflorus Bentham = Cenchrus spinifex Cavanilles and Cenchrus longispinus (Hackel) Fernald
spinifex Cavanilles [Allred 2005; M&H]
coastal sandbur
Cenchrus incertus M.A. Curtis
Cenchrus pauciflorus Bentham in part
Ceratochloa carinata (Hooker & Arnott) Tutin = Bromus carinatus Hooker & Arnott
cathartica (Vahl) Herter = Bromus catharticus Vahl
marginata (Nees ex Steudel) B.D. Jackson = Bromus carinatus Hooker & Arnott
polyantha (Scribner) Tsvelev = Bromus carinatus Hooker & Arnott
Chasmanthium latifolium (Michaux) Yates : A single specimen supposedly from NM was seen by Yates
(1966); this is clearly an error in the label information.
Chaetochloa composita (Kunth) Scribner = Setaria macrostachya Kunth
glauca (Linnaeus) Scribner = Setaria pumila (Poiret) R & S
grisebachii ampla Scribner & Merrill = Setaria grisebachii Fournier
italica (Linnaeus) Scribner = Setaria italica (Linnaeus) Beauvois
leucopila Scribner & Merrill = Setaria leucopila (Scribner & Merrill) K. Schumann
viridis (Linnaeus) Scribner = Setaria viridis (Linnaeus) Beauvois
Chloris windmillgrass
Allred, K.W. 1996. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 4:6. [Chloris submutica]
Anderson, D.E. 1974. Taxonomy of the genus Chloris (Gramineae). Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull. Biol. Ser.
19(2):1-133.
Barkworth, M.E. 2003. Chloris, pp. 204-218. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 25. Oxford University Press.
alba Presl var. aristulata Torrey = Chloris virgata Swartz

511
 brevispica Nash = Chloris subdolichostachya C. Mueller
crinita Lagasca = Trichloris crinita (Lagasca) Parodi
cucullata Bischoff [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
hooded windmillgrass
divaricata R. Brown : Reported from Eddy County by Barkworth (2003), but validating specimen
yet to be found.
dubia Kunth = Leptochloa dubia (Kunth) Nees
elegans Kunth = Chloris virgata Swartz
subdolichostachya C. Mueller [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
shortspike windmillgrass
Chloris brevispica Nash
*submutica Kunth [Anderson 1974; Allred 2005, 1996]
Mexican windmillgrass
verticillata Nuttall [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
tumble windmillgrass
*virgata Swartz [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
showy windmillgrass
Chloris alba Presl var. aristulata Torrey
Chloris elegans Kunth
Chondrosum barbatum (Lagasca) W.D. Clayton = Bouteloua barbata Lagasca
brevisetum (Vasey) Clayton = Bouteloua breviseta Vasey
eriopodum Torrey = Bouteloua eriopoda (Torrey) Torrey
gracilie Willdenow ex Kunth = Bouteloua gracilis (Willdenow ex Kunth) Lagasca ex Griffiths
foenum Torrey = Bouteloua hirsuta Lagasca
hirsutum (Lagasca) Kunth = Bouteloua hirsuta Lagasca
parryi Fournier = Bouteloua parryi (Fournier) Griffiths
simplex (Lagasca) Kunth = Bouteloua simplex Lagasca
trifidum (Thurber ex S. Watson) Clayton = Bouteloua trifida Thurber ex S. Watson
Cinna woodreed
Brandenburg, D.B., W.H. Blackwell, & J.W. Thieret. 1991. Revision of the genus Cinna (Poaceae). Sida 14(4):581-
596.
Keller, C.F. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 29:7. [Cinna latifolia]
latifolia (Trevisan ex Goeppinger) Grisebach [Allred 2005; Brandenburg et al. 1991; Keller 2004;
M&H; W&S]
drooping woodreed
Agrostis latifolia Trevisan ex Goeppinger
*Coix lacryma-jobi Linnaeus (Job’s-tears) : Included by Allred (2005) only as an ornamental and not
known to escape.
Clomena peruviana Beauvois = Muhlenbergia peruviana (Beauvois) Steudel
*Cortaderia selloana (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Ascherson & Graebner (pampasgrass) : Included by Allred
(2005) only as an ornamental and not known to escape.
Cottea Cottagrass
pappophoroides Kunth [Allred 2005; M&H]
Cottagrass
Critesion arizonicum (Covas) Löve = Hordeum arizonicum Covas
brachyantherum (Nevski) Barkworth & Dewey = Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski
jubatum (Linnaeus) Nevski = Hordeum jubatum Linnaeus
murinum (Linnaeus) Löve = Hordeum murinum Linnaeus subsp. glaucum (Steudel) Tsvelev
murinum (Linnaeus) Löve subsp. leporinum (Link) Löve = Hordeum murinum Linnaeus subsp.
leporinum (Link) Arcangeli
pusillum (Nuttall) Löve = Hordeum pusillum Nuttall
Crypsis pricklegrass
Hammel, B.E. & J.R. Reeder. 1979. The genus Crypsis (Gramineae) in the United States. Syst. Bot. 4:267-280.
Heil, K.D. 2009 Plant distribution reports [Crypsis alopecuroides, Platanthera obtusata, Draba smithii]. The New
Mexico Botanist 46:7.
Sivinski, R.C. & K. Heil. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 31:2. [Crypsis schoenoides]
*alopecuroides (Piller & Mitterpacher) Schrader [Heil 2009]
pricklegrass
Phleum alopecuroides Piller & Mitterpacher

512
 *schoenoides (Linnaeus) Lamarck [Sivinski & Heil 2004]
swampgrass
Phleum schoenoides Linnaeus
squarrosa Nuttall = Munroa squarrosa (Nuttall) Torrey
Cynodon Bermudagrass
DeWet, J.M.J. & J.R. Harlan. 1970. Biosystematics of Cynodon L.C. Rich (Gramineae). Taxon 19:565-569.
Mitich, L.W. 1989. History and taxonomy of bermudagrass. Proc. Calif. Weed Conference 41:181-188.
*dactylon (Linnaeus) Persoon [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Bermudagrass
Capriola dactylon (Linnaeus) Kuntze
Panicum dactylon Linnaeus
Cynosurus dog’s-tail grass
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Cynosurus echinatus]
aegyptius Linnaeus = Dactyloctenium aegyptium (Linnaeus) Willdenow
*echinatus Linnaeus [Hartman et al. 2006]
bristly dog’s-tail grass
indicus Linnaeus = Eleusine indica (Linnaeus) Gaertner
Dactylis orchardgrass
*glomerata Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
orchardgrass
Dactyloctenium crowfoot
*aegyptium (Linnaeus) Willdenow [Allred 2005]
Durban crowfoot
Cynosurus aegyptius Linnaeus
Danthonia danthonia
Baeza-P., C.M. 1996. Los generos Danthonia A.P. de Candolle y Rytidosperma Steudel (Poaceae) en America: una
revision. Sendtnera 3:11-93.
Clay, K. 1983. Variation in the degree of cleistogamy within and among species of the grass Danthonia. Amer. J. Bot.
70:835-843.
Darbyshire, S.J. 2003. “Danthonia,” pp. 301-306. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 25. Oxford University Press.
Darbyshire, S.J. & J. Cayouette. 1989. The biology of Canadian weeds. 92. Danthonia spicata (Linnaeus) Beauvois in
Roem. & Schult. Canad. J. Plant Sci. 69:1217-1233.
californica Bolander : Reported by Allred (1993), Darbyshire (2003), & M&H, but no validating
specimens have ever been found; these reports refer to Danthonia parryi Scribner.
intermedia Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H]
timber danthonia
parryi Scribner [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Parry’s danthonia
spicata (Linnaeus) Beauvois ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
poverty danthonia
Avena spicata Linnaeus
Dasyochloa fluffgrass
Valdés-R., J. & S.L. Hatch. 1995. Anatomical study of Erioneuron and Dasyochloa (Poaceae: Chloridoideae:
Eragrostideae) in North America. Sida 16(3):413-426.
Valdés-R. & S.L. Hatch. 1997. A revision of Erioneuron and Dasyochloa (Poaceae: Eragrostideae). Sida 17(4):645-
666.
pulchella (Kunth) Willdenow ex Rydberg [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
fluffgrass
Erioneuron pulchellum (Kunth) Tateoka
Tridens pulchellus (Kunth) Hitchcock
Triodia pulchella Kunth
Deschampsia hairgrass
Kawano, S. 1963. Cytogeography and evolution of the Deschampsia caespitosa complex. Can. J. Bot. 41:719-742.
alpicola Rydberg = Deschampsia cespitosa (Linnaeus) Beauvois
cespitosa (Linnaeus) Beauvois [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
tufted hairgrass
Aira cespitosa Linnaeus
Deschampsia alpicola Rydberg

513
 *danthonioides (Trinius) Munro ex Bentham [Allred 2005]
annual hairgrass
Aira danthonioides Trinius
Desmazeria rigida (Linnaeus) Tutin = Catapodium rigidum (Linnaeus) C.E. Hubbard ex Dony
Dichanthelium rosettegrass
Aliscioni, S.S., L.M. Giussani, F.O. Zuloaga, & E.A. Kellogg. 2003. A molecular phylogeny of Panicum (Poaceae:
Paniceae): tests of monophyly and phylogenetic placement within the Panicoideae. Amer. J. Bot. 90:796-
821.
Brown, W.V. & B.N. Smith. 1975. The genus Dichanthelium (Gramineae). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102:10-13.
Clark, C.A. & F.W. Gould. 1975. Some epidermal characteristics of paleas of Dichanthelium, Panicum, and
Echinochloa. Amer. J. Bot. 62:743-748.
Freckmann, R.W. & M.G. Lelong. 2002. Nomenclatural changes and innovations in Panicum and Dichanthelium
(Poaceae: Paniceae). Sida 20(1):161-174.
Gould, F.W. & C.A. Clark. 1978. Dichanthelium (Poaceae) in the United States and Canada. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
65:1088-1132.
Spellenberg, R.W. 1975. Synthetic hybridization and taxonomy of western North American Dichanthelium, group
Lanuginosa (Poaceae). Madroño 23:134-153.
Webster, R.D. 1988. Genera of the North American Paniceae (Poaceae: Panicoideae). Syst. Bot. 13(4):576-609.
Zuloaga, F.O., R.P. Ellis, & O. Morrone. 1993. A revision of Panicum subg. Dichanthelium sect. Dichanthelium
(Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) in Mesoamerica, the West Indies, and South America. Ann. Missouri Bot.
Gard. 80:119-190.
acuminatum (Swartz) Gould & Clark var. acuminatum [Allred 2005; M&H]
wooly rosettegrass
Panicum acuminatum Swartz
Panicum huachucae Ashe var. fasciculatum (Torrey) F.T.Hubbard
Panicum huachucae Ashe var. huachucae
Panicum lanuginosum Elliott
Panicum lanuginosum Elliott var. lindheimeri (Nash) Fernald
Panicum lindheimeri Nash
Panicum tennesseense Ashe
linearifolium of earlier NM works = Dichanthelium perlongum (Nash) Freckmann
oligosanthes (Schultes) Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Scribner’s rosettegrass
Panicum helleri Nash
Panicum oligosanthes Schultes var. helleri (Nash) Fernald
Panicum oligosanthes Schultes var. scribnerianum (Nash) Fernald
Panicum scribnerianum Nash
oligosanthes (Schultes) Gould var. wilcoxianum (Vasey) Gould & Clark = Dichanthelium
wilcoxianum Vasey
perlongum (Nash) Freckmann [Allred 2005]
long-stalked rosettegrass
Dichanthelium linearifolium of earlier NM works
Panicum perlongum Nash
wilcoxianum (Vasey) Freckmann [Allred 2005; M&H]
Wilcox’s rosettegrass
Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schultes) Gould var. wilcoxianum (Vasey) Gould & Clark
Panicum wilcoxianum Vasey
Digitaria crabgrass
Gould, F.W. 1963. Cytotaxonomy of Digitaria sanguinalis and D. adscendens. Brittonia 15:241-244.
Henrard, J.T. 1950. Monograph of the genus Digitaria. Universitare Pers, Leiden.
Webster, R.D. 1987. Taxonomy of Digitaria section Digitaria in North America (Poaceae: Paniceae). Sida 12(1):209-
222.
Webster, R.D. & S.L. Hatch. 1981. Taxonomic relationships of Texas specimens of Digitaria ciliaris and D. bicornis
(Poaceae). Sida 9:34-42.
Wipff, J.K. 2001. Nomenclatural change in the Digitatia cognata complex (Poaceae: Paniceae). Sida 19(4):923-924.
Wipff, J.K. & S.L. Hatch. 1988. Nomenclatural changes in Taeniatherum and Digitaria (Poaceae). Sida 13(1):119-
121.
Wipff, J.K. & S.L. Hatch. 1994. A systematic study of Digitaria sect. Pennatae (Poaceae: Paniceae) in the New
World. Syst. Bot. 19:613-627.
californica (Bentham) Henrard [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Arizona cottontop
Panicum californicum Bentham

514
 Trichachne californica (Bentham) Chase
Valota saccharata (Buckley) Chase
*ciliaris (Retzius) Koeler [Allred 2005]
southern crabgrass
Panicum ciliaris Retzius
cognata (Schultes) Pilger subsp. pubiflora (Vasey ex L.H. Dewey) Wipff = Digitaria pubiflora
(Vasey ex L.H. Dewey) Wipff
*eriantha Steudel [Allred 2005]
pangola grass
*ischaemum (Schreber) Schreber ex Muhlenberg [Allred 2005]
smooth crabgrass
Panicum ischaemum Schreber
pubiflora (Vasey ex L.H. Dewey) Wipff [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S; Wipff & Hatch 1994]
fall witchgrass
Digitaria cognata (Schultes) Pilger subsp. pubiflora (Vasey ex L.H. Dewey) Wipff
Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase subsp. pubiflora (Vasey ex L.H. Dewey) Wipff &
Hatch
Panicum autumnale Bosc ex Sprengel var. pubiflorum Vasey ex L.H. Dewey
*sanguinalis (Linnaeus) Scopoli [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
hairy crabgrass
Panicum sanguinale Linnaeus
Syntherisma sanguinale (Linnaeus) Dulac
Dinebra aristidoides Kunth = Bouteloua aristidoides (Kunth) Grisebach var. aristididoides
repens Kunth = Bouteloua repens (Kunth) Scribner & Merrill
Diplachne fascicularis Lamarck = Leptochloa fusca (Linnaeus) Kunth subsp. fascicularis (Lamarck) N.
Snow
viscida Scribner = Leptochloa viscida (Scribner) Beal
Distichlis saltgrass
Beetle, A.A. 1943. The North American variations of Distichlis spicata. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 70:638-650.
spicata (Linnaeus) Greene var. stricta (Torrey) Beetle [Allred 2005; W&S]
inland saltgrass
Distichlis stricta (Torrey) Rydberg
Uniola stricta Torrey
stricta (Torrey) Rydberg = Distichlis spicata (Linnaeus) Greene var. stricta (Torrey) Beetle
Eatonia intermedia Rydberg = Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydberg) Rydberg
Echinochloa barnyardgrass
Costea, M. & F.J. Tardif. 2002. Taxonomy of the most common weedy European Echinochloa species (Poaceae:
Panicoideae) with special emphasis on characters of the lemma and caryopsis. Sida 20(2):525-548.
Gould, F.W., M.A. Ali, & D.E. Fairbrothers. 1972. A revision of Echinochloa in the United States. Amer. Midl.
Naturalist 87(1):36-59.
Michael, P.W. 2009. Echinochloa colona versus “Echinochloa colonum” (Poaceae). Taxon 58(4):1366-1368.
Wiegand, K.M. 1921. The genus Echinochloa in North America. Rhodora 23:49-65.
*colona (Linnaeus) Link [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
jungle-rice
Panicum colonum Linnaeus
*crus-galli (Linnaeus) Beauvois [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
large barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-galli (Linnaeus) Beauvois var. mitis (Pursh) Peterm.
Echinochloa crus-galli (Linnaeus) Beauvois var. zelayensis (Kunth) Hitchcock
Echinochloa zelayensis (Kunth) Schultes
Panicum crus-galli Linnaeus
crus-galli (Linnaeus) Beauvois var. mitis (Pursh) Peterm. = Echinochloa crus-galli (Linnaeus)
Beauvois
crus-galli (Linnaeus) Beauvois var. zelayensis (Kunth) Hitchcock = Echinochloa crus-galli
(Linnaeus) Beauvois
crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schultes var. macera (Wiegand) Gould [Allred 2005]
gulf coast barnyardgrass
Echinochloa zelayensis (Kunth) Schultes var. macra Wiegand

515
 *muricata (Beauvois) Fernald var. microstachya Wiegand [Allred 2005]
cockspur
*muricata (Beauvois) Fernald var. muricata [Allred 2005]
cockspur
Setaria muricata Beauvois
zelayensis (Kunth) Schultes s.s. = Echinochloa crus-galli (Linnaeus) Beauvois
zelayensis (Kunth) Schultes var. macra Wiegand = Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schultes var.
macera (Wiegand) Gould
Eleusine goosegrass
Phillips, S.M. 1972. A survey of the genus Eleusine Gaertner (Gramineae) in Africa. Kew Bull. 27:251-270.
*indica (Linnaeus) Gaertner [Allred 2005; M&H]
goosegrass
Cynosurus indicus Linnaeus
Elionurus balsamscale
Peterson, P.M., R.J. Soreng, & G. Davidse. 1998. (1365) Proposal to conserve the name Elionurus (Poaceae,
Andropogoneae) with that spelling. Taxon 47(3):737-738.
barbiculmis Hackel [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
woolyspike balsamscale
×Elyhordeum macounii (Vasey) Barkworth & Dewey : Unstabilized hybrids of Elymus trachycaulus ×
Hordeum jubatum. [Boyle & Holmgren 1955].
×Elymotrigia saxicola (Scribner & Smith) Barkworth & Dewey : Unstabilized hybrids of Elymus
longifolius × Elymus spicatus. [Dewey 1964].
Elymus wheatgrass, wildrye
Aung, T. & P.D. Walton. 1990. Morphology and cytology of the reciprocal hybrids between Elymus trachycaulus and
Elymus canadensis. Genome 33:123-130.
Barkworth, M.E. 1994. The Elymus trachycaulus complex in North America: more questions than answers.
Proceedings of the 2nd International Triticeae Symposium 189-198.
Barkworth, M.E., J.J.N. Campbell, & B. Salomon. 2007. Elymus, p. 288-343. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 24.
Oxford University Press. [Elymus villosus]
Barkworth, M.E. & D.R. Dewey. 1985. Genomically based genera in the perennial Triticeae of North America:
identification and membership. Amer. J. Bot. 72:767-776.
Baum, B.R., J.R. Estes, & P.K. Gupta. 1987. Assessment of the genomic system of classification in the Triticeae.
Amer. J. Bot. 74:1388-1395.
Bowden, W.M. 1962. Cytotaxonomy of the native and adventive species of Hordeum, Eremopyrum, Secale, Sitanion,
and Triticum in Canada. Can. J. Bot. 40:1675-1711.
Campbell, J.J.N. 2002. Notets on North American Elymus species (Poaceae) with paired spikelets. II. The interruptus
group. J. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 63(1):19-38. [Elymus interruptus]
Campbell, J.J.N. 2006. Two new species of Elymus (Poaceae) in the southern U.S.A. and other notes on North
American Elymus species. Sida 22(1):485-494. [Elymus hystrix]
Church, G.L. 1967. Taxonomic and genetic relationships of eastern North American species of Elymus with setaceous
glumes. Rhodora 69:121-162. [Elymus hystrix]
Dewey, D.R. 1964. Natural and synthetic hybrids of Agropyron spicatum×Sitanion hystrix. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
91:396-405.
Dewey, D.R. 1983. Historical and current taxonomic perspectives of Agropyron, Elymus, and related genera. Crop Sci.
23:637-642.
Estes, J.R. & R.J. Tyrl. 1982. The generic concept and generic circumscription in the Triticeae: an end paper. IN J.R.
Estes, R.J. Tyrl, & J.N. Brunken (eds.), Grasses and Grasslands. p. 145-164. Univ. Oklahoma Press.
Norman, Oklahoma.
Gabel, M.L. 1984. A biosystematic study of the genus Elymus (Gramineae: Triticeae) in Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.
91(4):140-146.
Holmgren, A.H. & N.H. Holmgren. 1977. Tribe 3. Triticeae, pp. 292-336. IN: Intermountain Flora, vol. 6. New York
Botanical Garden.
Jarvie, J.K. 1992. Taxonomy of Elytrigia sect. Caespitosae and sect. Junceae (Gramineae: Triticeae). Nordic J. Bot.
12:155-169.
Jarvie, J.K. & M.E. Barkworth. 1992. Morphological variation and genome constitution in some perennial Triticeae.
Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 108(2):167-180.
Melderis, A. 1978. Taxonomic notes on the tribe Triticeae (Gramineae), with special reference to the genera Elymus
L. sensu lato, and Agropyron Gaertner sensu lato. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76:369-384.
Runemark, H. & W.K. Heneen. 1968. Elymus and Agropyron, a problem of generic delimitation. Bot. Notiser 121:51-
79.
Wilson, F.D. 1963. Revision of Sitanion (Triticeae, Gramineae). Brittonia 15:303-323.
alaskanus (Scribner & Merrill) A. Löve subsp. latiglumis (Scribner & J.G. Smith) A. Löve = Elymus
trachycaulus (Link) Gould subsp. violaceus (Hornemann) A.& D. Löve
ambiguus Vasey & Scribner = Leymus ambiguus (Vasey & Scribner) D.R. Dewey

516
arizonicus (Scribner & Smith) Gould [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Arizona wheatgrass
Agropyron arizonicum Scribner & Smith
Agropyron spicatum (Pursh.) Scribner & Smith var. arizonicum (Scribner & Smith) Jones
Elytrigia arizonica (Scribner & Smith) Dewey
Pseudoroegneria arizonica (Scribner & Smith) Löve
bakeri (E. Nelson) Löve [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Baker’s wheatgrass
Agropyron bakeri E. Nelson
brachystachys Scribner & Ball = Elymus canadensis Linnaeus
canadensis Linnaeus var. brachystachys (Scribner & Ball) Farwell = Elymus canadensis Linnaeus
canadensis Linnaeus var. interruptus (Buckley) Church = Elymus interruptus Buckley
canadensis Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Canada wildrye
Elymus brachystachys Scribner & Ball
Elymus canadensis Linnaeus var. brachystachys (Scribner & Ball) Farwell
Elymus canadensis Linnaeus var. robustus (Scribner & Smith) Mackenzie & Bush
Elymus robustus Scribner & Smith
canadensis Linnaeus var. robustus (Scribner & Smith) Mackenzie & Bush = Elymus canadensis
Linnaeus
cinereus Scribner & Merrill = Leymus cinereus (Scribner & Merrill) Löve
*elongatus (Host) Runemark subsp. elongatus [Allred 2005]
tall wheatgrass
Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauvois
Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski
Thinopyron elongatum (Host) Barkworth & Dewey
Triticum elongatum Host
*elongatus (Host) Runemark subsp. ponticus (Podpĕra) Melderis [Allred 2005]
tall wheatgrass
Elytrigia pontica (Podpĕra) Holub
Lophopyrum ponticum (Podpĕra) Löve
Thinopyron ponticum (Podpĕra) Barkworth & Dewey
Triticum ponticum Podpĕra
elymoides (Rafinesque) Swezey [Allred 2005]
bottlebrush squirreltail
Sitanion californicum J.G. Smith
Sitanion elymoides Rafinesque
Sitanion hystrix (Nuttall) J. S. Smith in part
glaucus Buckley [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
blue wildrye
*hispidus (Opiz) Melderis subsp. barbulatus (Schur) Melderis [Allred 2005]
pubescent wheatgrass
Agropyron barbulatum Schur
Agropyron trichophorum (Link) Richter
Elytrigia trichophora (Link) Nevski
*hispidus (Opiz) Melderis subsp. hispidus [Allred 2005; M&H]
intermediate wheatgrass
Agropyron hispidum Opiz
Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauvois
Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski
Thinopyron intermedium (Host) Barkworth & Dewey
*hystrix Linnaeus [Campbell 2006; Church 1967] Note: This was most likely a one-time introduction that
has not persisted; there are no records since that time.
eastern bottlebrush-grass
Hystrix patula Moench
interruptus Buckley [Allred 2005; Campbell 2002; M&H]
Texas wildrye
Elymus canadensis Linnaeus var. interruptus (Buckley) Church

517
junceus Fischer = Psathyrostachys juncea (Fischer) Nevski
lanceolatus (Scribner & Smith) Gould [Allred 2005; M&H]
thickspike wheatgrass, streamside wheatgrass
Agropyron dasystachyum (Hooker) Scribner [not Elymus dasystachys Trinius ex Ledebour]
Agropyron dasystachyum (Hooker) Scribner var. riparium (Scribner & Smith) Bowden
Agropyron lanceolatum Scribner & Smith
Agropyron riparium Scribner & Smith
Elymus lanceolatus (Scribner & Smith) Gould subsp. lanceolatus (Scribner & Smith)
Barkworth
Elymus riparius (Scribner & Smith) Gould
Elytrigia dasystachya (Hooker) Nevski
lanceolatus (Scribner & Smith) Gould subsp. lanceolatus (Scribner & Smith) Barkworth = Elymus
lanceolatus (Scribner & Smith) Gould
longifolius (Smith) Gould [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
longleaf squirreltail
Sitanion brevifolium J.G. Smith
Sitanion caespitosum J.G. Smith
Sitanion hystrix (Nuttall) J.S. Smith in part
Sitanion longifolium J.G. Smith
Sitanion molle J.G. Smith
Sitanion pubiflorum J.G. Smith
Sitanion rigidum sensu W&S
×macounii Vasey : Unstabilized hybrids of Elymus trachycaulus × Hordeum jubatum. (Boyle &
Holmgren 1955).
×mossii (Lepage) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey : This hybrid taxon is reported for NM by Kartesz
(1999), erroneously citing Allred (1993); not known from NM.
×pseudorepens (Scribner & Smith) Barkworth & Dewey [Allred 2005] Note: This name has
been applied to unstabilized hybrid plants of Elymus trachycaulus × Elymus lanceolatus or
Elymus repens.
false quackgrass
Agropyron pseudorepens Scribner & Smith
racemosus Lamarck = Leymus racemosus (Lamarck) Tzvelev
*repens (Linnaeus) Gould [Allred 2005; M&H]
quackgrass
Agropyron repens (Linnaeus) Beauvois
Elytrigia repens (Linnaeus) Nevski
Triticum repens Linnaeus
riparius (Scribner & Smith) Gould = Elymus lanceolatus (Scribner & Smith) Gould
robustus Scribner & Smith = Elymus canadensis Linnaeus
salina M.E. Jones = Leymus salina (M.E. Jones) A. Löve
×saundersii Vasey : Unstabilized hybrids of Elymus longifolius × Elymus tracycaulus. [Dewey
1964].
×saxicolus Scribner & Smith : Unstabilized hybrids of Elymus longifolius × Elymus spicatus.
[Dewey 1964].
scribneri (Vasey) M.E. Jones [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Scribner’s wheatgrass
Agropyron scribneri Vasey
simplex Scribner & Williams = Leymus triticoides (Buckley) Pilger
smithii (Rydberg) Gould [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
western wheatgrass
Agropyron molle (Scribner & Smith) Rydberg
Agropyron occidentale Scribner
Agropyron palmeri (Scribner & Smith) Rydberg
Agropyron smithii Rydberg
Agropyron smithii Rydberg var. molle (Scribner & Smith) M.E. Jones
Agropyron smithii Rydberg var. palmeri (Scribner & Smith) Heller
Elytrigia smithii (Rydberg) Nevski
Pascopyrum smithii (Rydberg) Löve

518
 spicatus (Pursh) Gould [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
bluebunch wheatgrass
Agropyron inerme (Scribner & Smith) Rydberg
Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribner & Smith
Elytrigia spicata (Pursh) Dewey
Festuca spicata Pursh
Pseodoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Löve
trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners subsp. novae-angliae (Scribner) Tsvelev [Allred
2005]
New England wheatgrass
Agropyron novae-angliae Scribner
trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners subsp. subsecundus (Link) A. & D. Löve [Allred
2005; M&H; W&S]
bearded wheatgrass
Agropyron caninum sensu M&H and W&S
Agropyron richardsonii (Trinius) Schrader
Agropyron subsecundum (Link) Hitchcock
Agropyron unilaterale Cassidy
Triticum subsecundum Link
trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners subsp. trachycaulus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
slender wheatgrass
Agropyron caninum sensu M&H, sensu W&S
Agropyron pauciflorum (Schweinitz) Hitchcock
Agropyron tenerum Vasey
Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte
Triticum trachycaulum Link
trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners subsp. violaceus (Hornemann) A. & D. Löve
[Allred 2005; W&S]
purple wheatgrass
Agropyron latiglume (Scribner & Smith) Rydberg
Agropyron violaceum (Hornemann) Lange
Elymus alaskanus (Scribner & Merrill) A. Löve subsp. latiglumis (Scribner & J.G. Smith)
A. Löve
Triticum violaceum Hornemann
triticoides Buckley = Leymus triticoides (Buckley) Pilger
triticoides Buckley var. simplex (Scribner & Williams) Hitchcock = Leymus triticoides (Buckley)
Pilger
villosus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow [Barkworth et al. 2007]
downy wildrye
virginicus Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
Virginia wildrye
Elymus virginicus Linnaeus var. glabriflorus (Vasey) Bush
Elymus virginicus Linnaeus var. submuticus Hooker
virginicus Linnaeus var. glabriflorus (Vasey) Bush = Elymus virginicus Linnaeus
virginicus Linnaeus var. submuticus Hooker = Elymus virginicus Linnaeus
Elyonurus = Elionurus
Elytrigia arizonica (Scribner & Smith) Dewey = Elymus arizonicus (Scribner & Smith) Gould
dasystachya (Hooker) Nevski = Elymus lanceolatus (Scribner & Smith) Gould
elongata (Host) Nevski = Elymus elongatus (Host) Runemark subsp. elongatus
intermedia (Host) Nevski = Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Melderis subsp. hispidus
pontica (Podpĕra) Holub = Elymus elongatus (Host) Runemark subsp. ponticus (Podpĕra) Melderis
repens (Linnaeus) Nevski = Elymus repens (Linnaeus) Gould
smithii (Rydberg) Nevski = Elymus smithii (Rydberg) Gould
spicata (Pursh) Dewey = Elymus spicatus (Pursh) Gould
trichophora (Link) Nevski = Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Melderis subsp. barbulatus (Schur) Melderis
Enneapogon pappusgrass
Chase, A. 1946. Enneapogon desvauxii and Pappophorum wrightii, an agrostological detective story. Madroño 8:187-
189.
desvauxii Desvaux ex Beauvois [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]

519
 spike pappusgrass
Pappophorum wrightii S. Watson
Epicampes rigens Bentham = Muhlenbergia rigens (Bentham) Hitchcock
stricta Presl = Muhlenbergia longiligula Hitchcock
Eragrostis lovegrass
Allred, K.W. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 19:3. [Eragrostis frankii]
Harvey, L.H. 1975. Eragrostis, pp. 177-201. IN: F.W. Gould. The Grasses of Texas. College Station, Texas: Texas
A&M Press.
Hershey, A.L. & P.J. Leyendecker, Jr. 1944. Notes on plants of New Mexico – III. Leafl. West. Bot. 4(2):21-25.
[Eragrostis hypnoides]
Koch, S. 1974. The Eragrostis pectinacea-pilosa complex in North and Central America (Gramineae: Eragrostoideae).
Illinois Biol. Monogr. 48:1-74.
Koch, S.D. & I.S. Vega. 1985. Eragrostis mexicana, E. neomexicana, E. orcuttiana, and E. virescens: the resolution of
a taxonomic problem. Phytologia 58:377-381.
Perry, G. & J. McNeill. 1986. The nomenclature of Eragrostis cilianensis (Poaceae) and the contribution of Bellardi to
Allioni's Flora Pedemontana. Taxon 35:696-701.
Peterson, P.M. 2003. “Eragrostis,” pp. 65-105. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 25. Oxford University Press.
Reeder, J.R. 1986. Another look at Eragrostis tephrosanthos (Gramineae). Phytologia 60(2):153-154.
Witherspoon, J.G. 1975. A numerical taxonomic study of the Eragrostis intermedia complex (Poaceae). Ph.D.
dissertation, University of Montana.
arida Hitchcock = Eragrostis pectinacea (Michaux) Nees var. miserrima (Fournier) J. Reeder
*barrelieri Daveau [Allred 2005; M&H]
Mediterranean lovegrass
beyrichii J.G. Smith = Eragrostis secundiflora Presl subsp. oxylepis (Torrey) S.D. Koch
chloromelas Steudel = Eragrostis curvula (Schrader) Nees var. conferta Stapf
*cilianensis (Allioni) Lutati ex Janchen [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
stinkgrass
Eragrostis megastachya (Koeler) Link
Poa cilianensis Allioni
ciliaris (Linneaus) R. Brown : Reported erroneously for NM in Peterson (2003); no specimens of
this species are known from the state.
curtipedicellata Buckley [Allred 2005; M&H]
gummy lovegrass
*curvula (Schrader) Nees var. conferta Stapf [Allred 2005]
Boer lovegrass
Eragrostis chloromelas Steudel
*curvula (Schrader) Nees var. curvula [Allred 2005; M&H]
weeping lovegrass
Poa curvula Schrader
diffusa Buckley = Eragrostis pectinacea (Michaux) Nees var. pectinacea
erosa Scribner [Allred 2005; M&H]
Chihuahua lovegrass
fendlerianus Steudel = Poa fendleriana (Steudel) Vasey subsp. fendleriana
*frankii C.A. Meyer ex Steudel [Allred 2001]
sandbar lovegrass
hypnoides (Lamarck) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg [Allred 2005; Hershey & Leyendecker 1944;
M&H]
teal lovegrass
Poa hypnoides Lamarck
intermedia A.S. Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H]
plains lovegrass
*lehmanniana Nees [Allred 2005; M&H]
Lehmann lovegrass
limbata Fournier = Eragrostis mexicana Vasey subsp. mexicana
lugens Nees : Reported by M&H and W&S, but no validating specimens located [Allred 2005].
lutescens Scribner [Allred 2005]
six-weeks lovegrass
megastachya (Koeler) Link = Eragrostis cilianensis (Allioni) Vign. ex Janchen
mexicana (Hornemann) Link subsp. mexicana [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]

520
 Mexican lovegrass
Eragrostis limbata Fournier
Eragrostis neomexicana Vasey
Poa mexicana Hornemann
neomexicana Vasey = Eragrostis mexicana (Hornemann) Link subsp. mexicana
obtusiflora (Fournier) Scribner [Allred 2005; W&S]
alkali lovegrass
Brizopyrum obtusiflorum Fournier
oxylepis (Torrey) Torrey = Eragrostis secundiflora Presl subsp. oxylepis (Torrey) S.D. Koch
palmeri S. Watson [Allred 2005]
Rio Grande lovegrass
pectinacea (Michaux) Nees ex Steudel var. miserrima (Fournier) J. Reeder [Allred 2005;
M&H]
desert lovegrass
Eragrostis arida Hitchcock
Eragrostis purshii Schrader var. miserrima Fournier
Eragrostis tephrosanthos Schultes
pectinacea (Michaux) Nees ex Steudel var. pectinacea [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
tufted lovegrass, Carolina lovegrass
Eragrostis diffusa Buckley
Eragrostis purshii Schrader
pilosa (Linnaeus) Beauvois : Reported by M&H and W&S, but no validating specimens located
[Allred 2005].
poaeoides Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes [=Eragrostis minor Host] : Reported by M&H, but no
validating specimens located. [Allred 2005].
purshii Schrader s.s. = Eragrostis pectinacea (Michaux) Nees ex Steudel
purshii Schrader var. miserrima Fournier = Eragrostis pectinacea (Michaux) Nees ex Steudel var.
miserrima (Fournier) J. Reeder
secundiflora Presl var. capitata (Fournier) Beetle = Eragrostis secundiflora Presl subsp. oxylepis
(Torrey) S.D. Koch
secundiflora Presl subsp. oxylepis (Torrey) S.D. Koch [Allred 2005; W&S]
red lovegrass
Eragrostis beyrichii J.G. Smith
Eragrostis oxylepis (Torrey) Torrey
Eragrostis secundiflora Presl var. capitata (Fournier) Beetle
Poa oxylepis Torrey
sessilispica Buckley [Allred 2005; W&S]
tumble lovegrass
Acamptoclados sessilispicus (Buckley) Nash
spectabilis (Pursh) Steudel [Allred 2005; M&H]
purple lovegrass
Poa spectabilis Pursh
*superba Peyritsch [Allred 2005]
Wilman lovegrass
tephrosanthos Schultes = Eragrostis pectinacea (Michaux) Nees ex Steudel var. miserrima (Fournier)
J. Reeder
trichodes (Nuttall) Wood [Allred 2005; W&S]
sand lovegrass
Poa trichodes Nuttall
Eremochloe bigelovii S. Watson = Blepharidachne bigelovii (S. Watson) Hackel
Eremopyrum annual wheatgrass
Bowden, W.M. 1962. Cytotaxonomy of the native and adventive species of Hordeum, Eremopyrum, Secale, Sitanion,
and Triticum in Canada. Can. J. Bot. 40:1675-1711.
Hatch, S.L. 1977. New grass distribution records for New Mexico and the United States. Great Basin Naturalist
37(4):530-531. [Eremopyrum triticeum]
*triticeum (Gaertner) Nevski [Allred 2005; Hatch 1977]
annual wheatgrass
Agropyron triticeum Gaertner

521
Erianthus ravennae (Linnaeus) Beauvois = Saccharum ravennae (Linnaeus) Linnaeus
Eriochloa cupgrass
Shaw, R.B. & R.D. Webster. 1987. The genus Eriochloa (Poaceae: Paniceae) in North and Central America. Sida
12:165-207.
acuminata (Presl) Kunth var. acuminata [Allred 2005; M&H]
Texas cupgras
Eriochloa gracilis (Fournier) Hitchcock var. gracilis
Piptatherum acuminatum Presl
acuminata (Presl) Kunth var. minor (Vasey) R.B. Shaw [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Texas cupgras
Eriochloa gracilis (Fournier) A.S. Hitchcock var. minor (Vasey) Hitchcock
Eriochloa polystachya sensu W&S
Eriochloa punctata (Linnaeus) Desvaux ex W. Hamilton var. minor Vasey
contracta A.S. Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H]
prairie cupgrass
gracilis (Fournier) Hitchcock var. gracilis = Eriochloa acuminata (Presl) Kunth var. acuminata
gracilis (Fournier) Hitchcock var. minor (Vasey) Hitchcock = Eriochloa acuminata (Presl) Kunth
var. minor (Vasey) R.B. Shaw
lemmonii Vasey & Scribner [Allred 2005]
canyon cupgrass
polystachya sensu W&S = Eriochloa acuminata (Presl) Kunth var. minor (Vasey) R.B. Shaw
punctata (Linnaeus) Desvaux ex W. Hamilton var. minor Vasey = Eriochloa acuminata (Presl)
Kunth var. minor (Vasey) R.B. Shaw
Eriocoma cuspidata Nuttall = Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth
Erioneuron tridens
Valdés-R., J. & S.L. Hatch. 1995. Anatomical study of Erioneuron and Dasyochloa (Poaceae: Chloridoideae:
Eragrostideae) in North America. Sida 16(3):413-426.
Valdés-R. & S.L. Hatch. 1997. A revision of Erioneuron and Dasyochloa (Poaceae: Eragrostideae). Sida 17(4):645-
666.
avenaceum (Kunth) Tateoka [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
large-flowered tridens
Erioneuron avenaceum (Kunth) Tateoka var. grandiflorum (Vasey) Gould
Erioneuron grandiflorum (Vasey) Tateoka
Tridens avenaceus (Kunth) Hitchcock
Tridens grandiflorus (Vasey) Wooton & Standley
Triodia avenacea Kunth
Triodia grandiflora Vasey
avenaceum (Kunth) Tateoka var. grandiflorum (Vasey) Gould = Erioneuron avenaceum (Kunth)
Tateoka
avenaceum (Kunth) Tateoka var. nealleyi (Vasey) Gould = Erioneuron nealleyi (Vasey) Tateoka
grandiflorum (Vasey) Tateoka = Erioneuron avenaceum (Kunth) Tateoka
nealleyi (Vasey) Tateoka [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Nealley’s tridens
Erioneuron avenaceum (Kunth) Tateoka var. nealleyi (Vasey) Gould
Tridens nealleyi (Vasey) Wooton & Standley
Triodia nealleyi Vasey
pilosum (Buckley) Nash [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
hairy tridens
Tridens pilosus (Buckley) Hitchcock
Triodia pilosa (Buckley) Merrill
Uralepis pilosa Buckley
pulchellum (Kunth) Tateoka = Dasyochloa pulchella (Kunth) Willdenow ex Rydberg
Festuca fescue
Aiken, S.G. & S.J. Darbyshire. 1990. Fescue grasses of Canada. Agriculture Canada Publ. 1844/E.
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 13:7. [Festuca brachyphylla, Festuca
calligera, Festuca earlei, Festuca trachyphylla]
Allred, K.W. 2005. Perennial Festuca (Gramineae) of New Mexico. Desert Plants 21(2):3-12.
Argus, G.W. & S.G. Aiken. 1987. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 34:268-269. [Festuca
minutiflora]

522
Auquier, P. & M. Kerguélen. 1977. Un groupe embrouillé de Festuca (Poaceae): les taxons désignés par l'épithète
"glauca" en europe occidentale et dans les régions voisines. Lejeunia (Nouv. sr.) 89:1-82.
Darbyshire, S.J. 1993. Realignment of Festuca subgenus Schedonorus with the genus Lolium (Poaceae). Novon
3:239-243.
Darbyshire, S.J. & L.E. Pavlick. 1997. Nomenclatural notes on North American grasses. Phytologia 82(2):73-78.
Darbyshire, S.J. & S.I. Warwick. 1992. Phylogeny of North American Festuca (Poaceae) and related genera using
chloroplast DNA restriction site variation. Can. J. Bot. 70:2415-2429.
Frederiksen, S. 1977. The Festuca brachyphylla group in Greenland. Bot. Notiser 130:269-277.
Frederiksen, S. 1979. Festuca minutiflora Rydberg, a neglected species. Bot. Notiser 132:315-318.
Frederiksen, S. 1982. Festuca brachyphylla, F. saximontana and related species in North America. Nord. J. Bot.
2:525-536.
Reveal, J.L., E.E. Terrell, J.H. Wiersema, & H. Scholz. 1991. Proposal to reject Festuca elatior L. with comments on
the typification of F. pratensis and F. arundinacea. Taxon 40:135-137.
Soreng, R.J. E.E. Terrell. 1997. Taxonomic notes on Schedonorus, a segregate genus from Festuca or Lolium, with a
new nothogenus, ×Schedololium, and new combinations. Phytologia 83(2):85-88.
Terrell, E.E. 1967. Meadow fescue: Festuca elatior L. or F. pratensis Hudson? Brittonia 19:129-132.
Terrell, E.E. 1968. Notes on Festuca arundinaceae and F. pratensis in the United States. Rhodora 70:564-568.
Wilkinson, M.J. & C.A. Stace. 1991. A new taxonomic treatment of the Festuca ovina L. aggregate (Poaceae) in the
British Isles. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 106:347-397.
arizonica Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Arizona fescue
*arundinacea Schreber [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
tall fescue
Festuca elatior Linnaeus
Lolium arundinaceum (Schreber) S.J. Darbyshire
Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreber) Dumort [not Schedonorus arundinaceus Roemer &
Schultes, an earlier homonym]
Schedonorus phoenix (Scopoli) Holub
*arvernensis Auquier, Kerguélen, & Markgraf-Dannenberg (blue fescue) : Included by Allred
(2005) only as an ornamental and not known to escape.
Festuca glauca Lamarck
Festuca ovina Linnaeus var. glauca (Lamarck) W.D.J. Koch
Festuca ovina Linnaeus var. ovina auctores
barbata Loefling ex Linnaeus = Schismus barbatus (Loefling ex Linnaeus) Thellung
brachyphylla J.A. Schultes ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes subsp. brachyphylla : Reported in Roalson &
Allred (1995), but this subspecies not known in NM; replaced by subsp.
coloradensis Frederiksen [Allred 2005; Frederiksen 1982].
Festuca ovina Linnaeus var. brachyphylla (Schultes) Piper
Festuca ovina Linnaeus var. brevifolia (R. Brown) S. Watson
brachyphylla J.A. Schultes ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes subsp. coloradensis Frederiksen
[Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
shortleaf fescue
Festuca ovina Linnaeus var. brachyphylla of NM reports
Festuca ovina Linnaeus var. brevifolia of NM reports
brevipila Tracy = Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina
bromoides Linnaeus = Vulpia bromoides (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray
calligera Piper [Allred 2005]
southwestern fescue
dertonensis (Allioni) Ascherson & Graebner = Vulpia bromoides (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray
earlei Rydberg [Allred 2005]
Earle’s fescue
elatior Linnaeus = Festuca arundinacea Schreber
elatior of many authors = Festuca pratensis Hudson
glauca Lamarck = Festuca arvernensis Auquier, Kerguélen, & Markgraf-Dannenberg
idahoensis Elmer [Allred 2005; M&H]
Idaho fescue
Festuca ovina Linnaeus var. ingrata Hackel ex Beal
kingii (S. Watson) Cassidy = Leucopoa kingii (S. Watson) W.A. Weber
macrostachya Torrey & Gray = Scleropogon brevifolius Philippi
megalura Nuttall = Vulpia myuros (Linnaeus) K.C. Gmelin forma megalura (Nuttall) Stace &
Cotton

523
microstachys Nuttall = Vulpia microstachys (Nuttall) Munro ex Bentham var. microstachys
microstachys Nuttall var. pauciflora Scribner ex Beal = Vulpia microstachys (Nuttall) Munro ex
Bentham var. pauciflora (Scribner ex Beal) Lonard
minutiflora Rydberg [Allred 2005; Argus & Aiken 1987]
small-flowered fescue
myuros Linnaeus = Vulpia myuros (Linnaeus) K.C. Gmelin forma myuros
octoflora Walter var. glauca (Willdenow) Fernald = Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydberg var. tenella
(Willdenow) Fernald
octoflora Walter var. hirtella Piper = Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydberg var. hirtella (Piper) Henrard
octoflora Walter var. octoflora = Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydberg var. octoflora
octoflora Walter var. tenella (Willdenow) Fernald = Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydberg var. tenella
(Willdenow) Fernald
ovina Linnaeus var. brachyphylla (Schultes) Piper = Festuca brachyphylla Schultes subsp.
brachyphylla
ovina Linnaeus var. brachyphylla of NM reports = Festuca brachyphylla Schultes subsp.
coloradensis Frederiksen
ovina Linnaeus var. brevifolia (R. Brown) S. Watson = Festuca brachyphylla Schultes subsp.
brachyphylla
ovina Linnaeus var. brevifolia of NM reports = Festuca brachyphylla Schultes subsp. coloradensis
Frederiksen
ovina Linnaeus var. duriuscula of many authors, not Linnaeus s.s. = Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel)
Krajina
ovina Linnaeus subsp. eu-ovina var. duriuscula (Linnaeus) Koch subvar. trachyphylla Hackel =
Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina
ovina Linnaeus var. glauca (Lamarck) W.D.J. Koch = Festuca arvernensis Auquier, Kerguélen, &
Markgraf-Dannenberg
ovina Linnaeus var. ingrata Hackel ex Beal = Festuca idahoensis Elmer
ovina Linnaeus var. ovina : Reported by M&H, but no validating specimens located.
ovina Linnaeus var. ovina auctores = Festuca arvernensis Auquier, Kerguélen, & Markgraf-
Dannenberg
ovina Linnaeus var. rydbergii Saint-Yves = Festuca saximontana Rydberg
pacifica Piper = Vulpia microstachys (Nuttall) Munro ex Bentham var. pauciflora (Scribner ex Beal)
Lonard & Gould
*pratensis Hudson [Allred 2005]
meadow fescue
Festuca elatior of many authors
Lolium pratense (Hudson) Darbyshire
Schedonorus pratensis (Hudson) P. Beauvois
rubra Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
red fescue
saximontana Rydberg [Allred 2005]
mountain fescue
Festuca ovina Linnaeus var. rydbergii Saint-Yves
sororia Piper [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
ravine fescue
spicata Pursh = Elymus spicatus (Pursh) Gould
tenella Willdenow = Vulpia octofloa (Walter) Rydberg var. tenella (Willdenow) Fernald
tenella Willdenow var. glauca Nuttall = Vulpia octofloa (Walter) Rydberg var. tenella (Willdenow)
Fernald
thurberi Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Thurber’s fescue
*trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina [Allred 1999; Aiken & Darbyshire 1990]
hard fescue
Festuca brevipila Tracy
Festuca trachyphylla Hackel ex Druce, nomen nudum [Darbyshire & Pavlick 1997]
Festuca ovina Linnaeus subsp. eu-ovina var. duriuscula (Linnaeus) Koch subvar.
trachyphylla Hackel
Festuca ovina Linnaeus var. duriuscula of many authors, not Linnaeus s.s.

524
 trachyphylla Hackel ex Druce [nomen nudum] = Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina
Glyceria mannagrass
Church, G.L. 1949. A cytotaxonomic study of Glyceria and Puccinellia. Amer. J. Bot. 36:155-156.
Ruiz de Esparza, R. & J. Maze. 1997. A taxonomic study of the grass genus Glyceria (Mannagrass) in British
Columbia. Can. Field-Natural. 111(2):194-199.
borealis (Nash) Batchelder [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
northern mannagrass
Panicularia borealis Nash
elata (Nash ex Rydberg) M.E. Jones [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
tall mannagrass
Panicularia elata Nash ex Rydberg
Panicularia nervata (Willdenow) Kuntze var. elata (Nash ex Rydberg) Piper
grandis S. Watson [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
American mannagrass
Panicularia grandis (S. Watson) Nash
nervata Trinius = Glyceria striata (Lamarck) A.S. Hitchcock
pauciflora Presl = Torreyochloa pallida (Torrey) Church var. pauciflora (J.S. Presl) J.I. Davis
striata (Lamarck) A.S. Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H]
fowl mannagrass
Glyceria nervata Trinius
Glyceria striata (Lamarck) A.S. Hitchcock var. stricta (Scribner) Fernald
Panicularia nervata (Willdenow) Kuntze
Poa striata Lamarck
striata (Lamarck) A.S. Hitchcock var. stricta (Scribner) Fernald = Glyceria striata (Lamarck) A.S.
Hitchcock
Graphephorum flexuosum Thurber = Redfieldia flexuosa (Thurber) Vasey
wolfii (Vasey) Vasey ex Coulter = Trisetum wolfii Vasey
Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michaux) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg : Reported by Smith (2003) for NM,
based on an 1853 collection from Doña Ana County; the species has not been found
since and occurs naturally from central Texas eastward.
Hackelochloa pitgrass
*granularis (Linnaeus) Kuntze [Allred 2005; Hitchcock & Chase 1951]
pitgrass
Cenchrus granularis Linnaeus
Helictotrichon alpine oat
Allred, K.W. 2003. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 28:8. [Helictotrichon hookeri]
hookeri (Scribner) Henrard [Allred 2003; Hitchcock & Chase 1951]
Hooker’s alpine oat
Avena hookeri Scribner
Avenula hookeri (Scribner) Holub
mortonianum (Scribner) Henrard [Allred 2005; M&H]
Morton’s alpine oat
Avena mortoniana Scribner
Hesperochloa kingii (S. Watson) Rydberg = Leucopoa kingii (S. Watson) W.A. Weber
Hesperostipa needle-and-thread
Barkworth, M.E. 1978. A taxonomic study of the large-glumed species of Stipa (Gramineae) occurring in Canada.
Can. J. Bot. 56(6):606-625.
Barkworth, M.E. 1993. North American Stipeae (Gramineae): Taxonomic changes and other comments. Phytologia
74(1):1-25.
comata (Trinius & Ruprecht) Barkworth subsp. comata [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
needle-and-thread
Stipa comata Trinius & Ruprecht
comata (Trinius & Ruprecht) Barkworth subsp. intermedia (Scribner & Tweedy)
Barkworth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
needle-and-thread
Stipa comata Trinius & Ruprecht var. intermedia Scribner & Tweedy
Stipa tweedyi Scribner
neomexicana (Thurber) Barkworth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]

525
 New Mexico feathergrass
Stipa neomexicana (Thurber ex Coulter) Scribner
Stipa pennata Linnaeus var. neo-mexicana Thurber ex Coulter
spartea (Trinius) Barkworth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
porcupinegrass
Stipa spartea Trinius
Heteropogon tanglehead
contortus (Linnaeus) Beauvois ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
tanglehead
Andropogon contortus Linnaeus
secundus Presl = Trachypogon secundus (Presl) Scribner
Hierochloe sweetgrass
Schouten, Y. & J.F. Veldkamp. 1985. A revision of Anthoxanthum including Hierochloe (Gramineae) in Malesia and
Thailand. Blumea 30:319-351.
Weimarck, G. 1971. Variation and taxonomy of Hierochloe (Gramineae) in the Northern Hemisphere. Bot. Not.
124:129-175.
hirta (Schrank) Borbas subsp. arctica (Presl) Weimarck = Hierochloe odorata (Linnaeus) Beauvois
odorata (Linnaeus) Beauvois [Allred 2005; M&H]
northern sweetgrass
Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y. Schouten & Veldkamp
Hierochloe hirta (Schrank) Borbas subsp. arctica (Presl) Weimarck
Holcus odoratus Linnaeus
Savastana odorata (Linnaeus) Scribner
Hilaria curly mesquite
Columbus, J.T. 1993. Pleuraphis – distinct from Hilaria (Gramineae: Chloridoideae). Amer. J. Bot. 80(suppl.):138-
139.
Columbus, J.T. & M.A. Peot. 1993. Revisionary studies in Hilaria (Gramineae: Chloridoideae): the annual species.
Amer. J. Bot 80(suppl.):139.
Cory, V.L. 1948. Curly mesquite grass in Texas and northern Mexico. Wrightia 1(4):214-217.
Sohns, E.R. 1956. The genus Hilaria (Gramineae). J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 46:311-321.
belangeri (Steudel) Nash [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
curly mesquite
Anthephora belangeri Steudel
Hilaria texana Nash
Hilaria cenchroides Kunth
cenchroides Kunth = Hilaria belangeri (Steudel) Nash
jamesii (Torrey) Bentham = Pleuraphis jamesii Torrey
mutica (Buckley) Bentham = Pleuraphis mutica Buckley
rigida (Thurber) Bentham ex Scribner = Pleuraphis rigida Thurber in S. Watson
swallenii Cory [Allred 2005]
Swallen’s curly mesquite
texana Nash = Hilaria belangeri (Steudel) Nash
Holcus velvetgrass
bicolor Linnaeus = Sorghum bicolor (Linnaeus) Moench subsp. bicolor
halepensis Linnaeus = Sorghum halepense (Linnaeus) Persoon
*lanatus Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
common velvetgrass
odoratus = Hierochloe odorata (Linnaeus) Beauvois
Hopia vine mesquite
Zuloaga, F.O., L.M. Giussani, & O. Morrone. 2007. Hopia, a new monotypic genus segregated from Panicum
(Poaceae). Taxon 56(1):145-156.
obtusa (Kunth) Zuloaga & Morrone [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
vine mesquite
Panicum obtusum Kunth
Hordeum barley
Baden, C. & R. von Bothmer. 1994. A taxonomic revision of Hordeum sect. Critesion. Nordic J. Bot. 14(2):117-136.
Bothmer, von, R., N. Jacobsen, C. Baden, R.B. Jørgensen, and I. Linde-Laursen. 1995. An ecogeographical study of
the genus Hordeum. 2nd edition. Systematic and Ecogeographic Studies on Crop Genepools 7. International
Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome.

526
 Bowden, W.M. 1962. Cytotaxonomy of the native and adventive species of Hordeum, Eremopyrum, Secale, Sitanion,
and Triticum in Canada. Can. J. Bot. 40:1675-1711.
Baum, B.R. 1980. Multivariate morphometric relationships between Hordeum jubatum and Hordeum brachyantherum
in Canada and Alaska. Can. J. Bot. 58(6):604-623.
Baum, B.R. 1983. Morphometric relationships in Hordeum vulgare (Triticeae, Poaceae). II. Hordeum agriocrithon, H.
distichum, H. lagunculiforme, H. spontaneum, and H. vulgare. Can. J. Bot. 61(7):2023-2031.
Baum, B.R. 1988. A taxonomic investigation of Hordeum arizonicum (Poaceae: Triticeae) with reference to related
species. Can. J. Bot. 66:1848-1855.
Baum, B.R. & L.G. Bailey. 1990. Key and synopsis of North American Hordeum species. Can. J. Bot. 68:2433-2442.
Bothmer, R.N., N. Jacobson, R.B. Jorgensen, & E. Nicora. 1982. Revision of the Hordeum pusillum group. Nordic J.
Bot. 2:307-321.
Boyle, W.S. & A.H. Holmgren. 1955. A cytogenetic study of natural and controlled hybrids between Agropyron
trachycaulum and Hordeum jubatum. Genetics 40:539-545.
Jacobsen, N. & R. von Bothmer. 1995. Taxonomy in the Hordeum murinum complex (Poaceae). Nordic J. Bot.
15(5):449-458.
*arizonicum Covas [Allred 2005]
Arizona barley
Critesion arizonicum (Covas) Löve
brachyantherum Nevski [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
meadow barley
Critesion brachyantherum (Nevski) Barkworth & Dewey
Hordeum nodosum auctores non Linnaeus
caespitosum Scribner = Hordeum jubatum Linnaeus subsp. intermedium Bowden
distichon Linnaeus = Hordeum vulgare Linnaeus
glaucum Steudel = Hordeum murinum Linnaeus subsp. glaucum (Steudel) Tsvelev
jubatum Linnaeus var. caespitosum (Scribner) Hitchcock = Hordeum jubatum Linnaeus subsp.
intermedium Bowden
jubatum Linnaeus subsp. intermedium Bowden [Allred 2005; Baden & Bothmer 1994; M&H;
W&S]
foxtail barley
Hordeum caespitosum Scribner
Hordeum jubatum Linnaeus var. caespitosum (Scribner) Hitchcock
jubatum Linnaeus subsp. jubatum [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
foxtail barley
Critesion jubatum (Linnaeus) Nevski
leporinum Link = Hordeum murinum Linnaeus subsp. leporinum (Link) Arcangeli
*murinum Linnaeus subsp. glaucum (Steudel) Tsvelev [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
wall barley, mouse barley
Critesion murinum (Linnaeus) Löve
Hordeum glaucum Steudel
Hordeum stebbinsii Covas
*murinum Linnaeus subsp. leporinum (Link) Arcangeli [Allred 2005; M&H]
hare barley
Critesion murinum (Linnaeus) Löve subsp. leporinum (Link) Löve
Hordeum leporinum Link
nodosum auctores non Linnaeus = Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski
pusillum Nuttall [Allred 2005; M&H]
little barley
Critesion pusillum (Nuttall) Löve
Hordeum pusillum Nuttall var. pubens A.S. Hitchcock
pusillum Nuttall var. pubens A.S. Hitchcock = Hordeum pusillum Nuttall
stebbinsii Covas = Hordeum murinum Linnaeus subsp. glaucum (Steudel) Tsvelev
trifurcatum = Hordeum vulgare Linnaeus
*vulgare Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
barley
Hordeum distichon Linnaeus
Hordeum trifurcatum (Schlechtendal) Wenderoth
Hystrix patula Moench = Elymus hystrix Linnaeus
Imperata satintail
brevifolia Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H]

527
 satintail
*cylindrica (Linnaeus) Beauvois var. koenigii (Retzius) T. Durand & Schinz (Japanese bloodgrass,
‘Red Baron’) : Cultivated as an ornamental landscape plant; not known to occur in
the wild in NM.
Jarava needlegrass
Allred, K.W. & K. Heil. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Jarava (as Stipa)
speciosa]
Cialdella, A.M., L.M. Giussani, L. Aagesen, F.O. Zuloaga, & O. Morrone. 2007. A phylogeny of Piptochaetium
(Poaceae: Poideae: Stipeae) and related genera based on a combined analysis including trnL-F, rpl16, and
morphology. Syst. Bot. 32(3):545-559.
Peñailillo, P. 2002. El genero Jarava Ruiz et Pavon (Stipeae-Poaceae): Delimitacion y nuevas combinaciones. Gayana
Botanica 59:27-34.
speciosa (Trinius & Ruprecht) Peñailillo [Allred & Heil 2000; M&H; W&S]
desert needlegrass
Achnatherum speciosum (Trinius & Ruprecht) Barkworth
Pappostipa speciosa (Trinius & Ruprecht) Romaschenko
Stipa speciosa Trinius & Ruprecht
Koeleria Junegrass
Arnow, L.A. 1994. Koeleria macrantha and K. pyramidata (Poaceae): nomenclatural problems and biological
distinctions. Syst. Bot. 19(1):6-20.
Greuter, W. 1968. Notulae nomenclaturales et bibliographicae 1-4. Candollea 23:81-108.
Shinners, L.H. 1956. Illegitimacy of Persoon's species of Koeleria (Gramineae). Rhodora 58:93-96.
cristata of many authors = Koeleria macrantha (Ledebour) Schultes
macrantha (Ledebour) J.A. Schultes [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Junegrass
Aira macrantha Ledebour
Koeleria cristata of many authors
Koeleria nitida Nuttall
nitida Nuttall = Koeleria macrantha (Ledebour) J.A. Schult
Lagurus hare’s-tail
Allred, K. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 31:1. [Lagurus ovatus]
*ovatus Linnaeus [Allred 2004]
hare’s-tail
Lamarckia tenella A.P. de Candolle = Aegopogon tenellus (A.P. de Candolle) Trinius
Leersia cutgrass
Pyrah, G.L. 1969. Taxonomic and distributional studies in Leersia (Gramineae). Iowa St. J. Sci. 44:215-270.
oryzoides (Linnaeus) Swartz [Allred 2005; M&H]
rice cutgrass
Phalaris oryzoides Linnaeus
Leptochloa sprangletop
McNeill, J. 1979. Diplachne and Leptochloa (Poaceae) in North America. Brittonia 31:399-404.
Snow, N. 1998. Nomenclatural changes in Leptochloa P. Beauvois sensu lato (Poaceae, Chloridoideae). Novon 8:77-
80.
Snow, N. & G. Davidse. 1993. Leptochloa mucronata (Michaux) Kunth is the correct name for Leptochloa filiformis
(Poaceae). Taxon 42(2):413-417.
brachiata Steudel = Leptochloa panicea (Retzius) Ohwi subsp. brachiata (Steudel) N. Snow
dubia (Kunth) Nees [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
green sprangletop
Chloris dubia Kunth
fascicularis (Lamarck) Gray = Leptochloa fusca (Linnaeus) Kunth subsp. fascicularis (Lamarck) N.
Snow
filiformis (Lamarck) Beauvois = Leptochloa panicea (Retzius) Ohwi subsp brachiata (Steudel) N.
Snow
fusca (Linnaeus) Kunth subsp. fascicularis (Lamarck) N. Snow [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
bearded sprangletop
Diplachne fascicularis Lamarck
Leptochloa fascicularis (Lamarck) Gray
fusca (Linnaeus) Kunth subsp. uninervia (J. Presl) N. Snow [Allred 2005; M&H]
Mexican sprangletop
Leptochloa uninervia (J. Presl) A.S. Hitchcock & Chase

528
 Megastachya uninervia J. Presl
mucronata of NM authors = Leptochloa panicea (Retzius) Ohwi subsp brachiata (Steudel) N. Snow
nealleyi Vasey : Reported by W&S, but this is a species of the coastal prairies of Texas and
Louisiana and not present in NM.
panicea (Retzius) Ohwi subsp. brachiata (Steudel) N. Snow [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
red sprangletop
Leptochloa brachiata Steudel
Leptochloa filiformis (Persoon) Beauvois
Leptochloa mucronata of NM authors
uninervia (J. Presl) A.S. Hitchcock & Chase = Leptochloa fusca (Linnaeus) Kunth subsp. uninervia
(J. Presl) N. Snow
viscida (Scribner) Beal [Allred 2005; M&H]
gum sprangletop
Diplachne viscida Scribner
Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase subsp. pubiflora (Vasey) Wipff = Digitaria pubiflora (Vasey)
Wipff
Lepturus paniculatus Nuttall = Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nuttall) Trelease
Leucopoa spike-fescue
Hall, H.H. & S. Flowers. 1961. Vascular plants found in the Navajo Reservoir Basin, pp. 47-87. IN: D.M. Pendergast
(ed.). Ecological studies of the flora and fauna of Navajo Reservoir Basin, Colorado and New Mexico. Univ.
Utah Anthropological Papers, number 55. [Hesperochloa kingii]
kingii (S. Watson) W.A. Weber [Hall & Flowers 1961]
spike-fescue
Festuca kingii (S. Watson) Cassidy
Hesperochloa kingii (S. Watson) Rydberg
Poa kingii S. Watson
Leymus wildrye
Allred, K.W. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 18:3. [Leymus racemosus (as Leymus
cinereus, corrected in Allred (2007)]
Allred, K.W. 2007. Plant distribution reports [Leymus racemosus]. The New Mexico Botanist 37:7.
Atkins, R.J., M.E. Barkworth, & D.R. Dewey. 1984. A taxonomic study of Leymus ambiguus and L. salinus
(Poaceae:Triticeae). Syst. Bot. 9:279-294.
Barkworth, M.E. & R.J. Atkins. 1984. Leymus Hochst. (Gramineae: Triticeae) in North America: Taxonomy and
distribution. Amer. J. Bot. 71:609-625.
Hall, H.H. & S. Flowers. 1961. Vascular plants found in the Navajo Reservoir Basin, pp. 47-87. IN: D.M. Pendergast
(ed.). Ecological studies of the flora and fauna of Navajo Reservoir Basin, Colorado and New Mexico. Univ.
Utah Anthropological Papers, number 55.
Hatch, S.L. 1976. A taxonomic evaluation of Elymus simplex (Poaceae). Great Basin Naturalist 36(2):239-241.
Ward, J. 2008. Plant distribution reports [Leymus cinereus]. The New Mexico Botanist 45:7.
Yen, C., J.-L. Yang, & B.R. Baum. 2009. Synopsis of Leymus Hochst. (Triticeae: Poaceae). J. Systematics & Evol.
47(1):67-86.
ambiguus (Vasey & Scribner) D.R. Dewey [Allred 2005]
Rocky Mountain wildrye
Elymus ambiguus Vasey & Scribner
cinereus (Scribner & Merrill) Löve [Ward 2008] Note: The report of Leymus cinereus (Scribner &
Merrill) Löve in Allred (2001) was corrected to Leymus racemosus (Lamarck) Tzvelev by
Allred (2007).
Great Basin wildrye
Elymus cinereus Scribner & Merrill
condensatus (J. Presl) A. Löve : Reported by Hall & Flowers (1961); most likely refers to Leymus
cinereus (Scribner & Merrill) Löve; awaits verification.
*racemosus (Lamarck) Tzvelev [Allred 2007]
mammoth wildrye
Elymus racemosus Lamarck
salina (M.E. Jones) A. Löve [Allred 2005]
Salina wildrye
Elymus salina M.E. Jones
triticoides (Buckley) Pilger [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
creeping wildrye
Elymus simplex Scribner & Williams

529
 Elymus triticoides Buckley
Elymus triticoides Buckley var. simplex (Scribner & Williams) Hitchcock
Lolium ryegrass
Aiken, S.G., S.E. Gardiner, H.C.M. Bassett, B.L. Wilson, L.L. Conaul. 1998. Implications from SDS-PAGE analyses
of seed proteins in the classification of taxa of Festuca and Lolium (Poaceae). Biochemical Systematics and
Ecology 26:511-533.
Bulinska-Radomska, Z. & R.N. Lester. 1988. Intergeneric relationships of Lolium, Festuca, and Vulpia (Poaceae) and
their phylogeny. Pl. Syst. Evol. 159:217-227.
Darbyshire, S.J. 1993. Realignment of Festuca subgenus Schedonorus with the genus Lolium (Poaceae). Novon
3:239-243.
Soreng, R.J. E.E. Terrell. 1997. Taxonomic notes on Schedonorus, a segregate genus from Festuca or Lolium, with a
new nothogenus, ×Schedololium, and new combinations. Phytologia 83(2):85-88.
arundinaceum (Schreber) S.J. Darbyshire = Festuca arundinacea Schreber
multiflorum Lamarck = Lolium perenne Linnaeus var. aristatum Willdenow
*perenne Linnaeus var. aristatum Willdenow [Allred 2005; M&H]
Italian ryegrass
Lolium multiflorum Lamarck
Lolium perenne Linnaeus subsp. italicum (A. Braun) Syme
perenne Linnaeus subsp. italicum (A. Braun) Syme = Lolium perenne Linnaeus var. aristatum
Willdenow
*perenne Linnaeus var. perenne [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
perennial ryegrass
pratense (Hudson) S.J. Darbyshire = Festuca pratensis Hudson
rigidum Gaudin : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
*temulentum Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
poison darnel
Lophopyrum ponticum (Podpĕra) Löve = Elymus elongatus (Host) Runemark subsp. ponticus (Podpĕra)
Melderis
Lycurus wolftail
Peterson, P.M. & O. Morrone. 1997. Allelic variation in the amphitropical disjunct Lycurus setosus (Poaceae:
Muhlenbergiinae). Madroño 44(4):334-346.
Peterson, P.M. & J.T. Columbus. 2008. Muhlenbergia alopecuroides (Poaceae: Muhlenbergiinae), a new combination.
Madroño 55(2):159-160.
Reeder, C.G. 1985. The genus Lycurus (Gramineae) in North America. Phytologia 57:283-291.
Sanchez, E. & Z.E. Rugolo de Agrasar. 1986. Estudio taxonomico sobre el genero Lycurus (Gramineae). Parodiana
4(2):267-310.
alopecuroides Grisebach = Lycurus setosus (Nuttall) C. Reeder
phleoides Kunth [Allred 2005; Reeder 1985; W&S]
common wolftail
phleoides Kunth var. glaucifolius Beal = Lycurus setosus (Nuttall) C. Reeder
schaffneri (Fournier) Mez = Muhlenbergia depauperata Scribner
setosus (Nuttall) C. Reeder [Allred 2005; Reeder 1985]
bristly wolftail
Lycurus alopecuroides Grisebach
Lycurus phleoides Kunth var. glaucifolius Beal
Muhlenbergia alopecuroides (Grisebach) Peterson & Columbus
Pleopogon setosum Nuttall
Megastachya uninervia J. Presl = Leptochloa fusca (Linnaeus) Kunth subsp. uninervia (J. Presl) N. Snow
Melica melica
Boyle, W.S. 1945. A cytotaxonomic study of the North American species of Melica. Madroño 8:1-26.
diffusa Pursh var. nitens Scribner = Melica nitens (Scribner) Nuttall ex Piper
nitens (Scribner) Nuttall ex Piper [Allred 2005; M&H]
three-flower melica
Melica diffusa Pursh var. nitens Scribner
porteri Scribner var. laxa Boyle [Allred 2005]
Porter’s melica
porteri Scribner var. porteri [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Porter’s melica
Melinis melinis
McIntosh, L. 1985. Noteworthy collections (New Mexico). Madroño 32:192. [Rhynchelytrum repens]

530
 Zizka, G. 1987. Revision der Melinideae Hitchcock (Poaceae, Panicoideae). Bibl. Bot. 138:1-149.
*repens (Willdenow) Zizka [Allred 2005]
Natal grass, ruby grass, molasses grass
Rhynchelytrum repens (Willdenow) C.E. Hubbard
Rhynchelytrum roseum (Nees) Bews
Saccharum repens Willdenow
Milium pungens Torrey ex Sprengel = Piptatherum pungens (Torrey ex Sprengel) Dorn
*Miscanthus sinensis Andersson (Eulalia) : Included by Allred (2005) only as an ornamental and not
known to escape.
Monroa = see Munroa
Muhlenbergia muhly
Dorr, L.J. and P.M. Peterson. 1993. Typification of two Buckley grass names revisted: Muhlenbergia texana and M.
monticola (Poaceae). Sida 15(4):589-591.
Hatch, S.L. 1977. New grass distribution records for New Mexico and the United States. Great Basin Naturalist
37(4):530-531. [Muhlenbergia villiflora villosa]
Herrera-A., Y. 1998. A revision of the Muhlenbergia montana (Nuttall) Hitchcock complex (Poaceae: Chloridoideae).
Brittonia 50(1):23-50.
Johnson, S. 2002. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 21:2. [Muhlenbergia eludens]
Morden, C.W. 1995. A new combination in Muhlenbergia (Poaceae). Phytologia 79(1):28-30.
Morden, C.W. & S.L. Hatch. 1996. Morphological variation and synopsis of the Muhlenbergia repens complex
(Poaceae). Sida 17(2):349-365.
Peterson, P.M. & C.R. Annable. 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae-Eragrostideae).
Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:1-109.
Pohl, R.W. 1969. Muhlenbergia, subgenus Muhlenbergia (Gramineae) in North America. Amer. Midl. Naturalist
82:512-542.
Reeder, C.G. 1949. Muhlenbergia minutissima (Steudel) Swallen and its allies. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 39:363-367.
Reeder, C.G. & J.R. Reeder. 1995. The resurrection of a species; Muhlenbergia straminea (Gramineae). Phytologia
78(6):417-427.
Soderstrom, T.R. 1967. Taxonomic study of subgenus Podosemum and section Epicampes of Muhlenbergia
(Gramineae). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 34:75-189.
Swallen, J.R. 1947. The awnless annual species of Muhlenbergia. Contrib. U.S. Nat. Her. 29:203-208.
acuminata Vasey = Muhlenbergia dubia Fournier
affinis Trinius = Muhlenbergia rigida (Kunth) Trinius
alopecuroides (Grisebach) Peterson & Columbus = Lycurus setosus (Nuttall) C. Reeder
andina (Nuttall) A.S. Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
foxtail muhly
Calamagrostis andina Nuttall
Muhlenbergia comata (Thurber) Bentham
arenacea (Buckley) A.S. Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
ear muhly
Sporobolus arenaceus Buckley
Sporobolus auriculatus Vasey
arenicola Buckley [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
sand muhly
arizonica Scribner [Allred 2005]
Arizona muhly
arsenei A.S. Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H]
Arsene’s muhly
asperifolia (Nees & Meyer ex Trinius) Parodi [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
scratchgrass
Sporobolus asperifolius (Nees & Meyer ex Trinius) Nees
Vilfa asperifolia Nees & Meyer ex Trinius
brevis C.O. Goodding [Allred 2005; M&H]
short muhly
*capillaris (Lamarck) Trinius (pink muhly) : Grown as an ornamental landscape grass, not known to
escape to the wild.
comata (Thurber) Bentham = Muhlenbergia andina (Nuttall) Hitchcock
cuspidata (Torrey ex Hooker) Rydberg [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
plains muhly
Vilfa cuspidata Torrey ex Hooker

531
depauperata Scribner [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
sixweeks muhly
Muhlenbergia schaffneri Fournier
Lycurus schaffneri (Fournier) Mez
dubia Fournier ex Hemsley [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
pine muhly
Muhlenbergia acuminata Vasey
eludens C.G. Reeder [Allred 2005; Johnson 2002; M&H]
gravel-bar muhly
emersleyi Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
bullgrass
filiculmis Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H]
slimstem muhly
filiformis (Thurber ex S. Watson) Rydberg [Allred 2005; M&H]
pull-up muhly
Vilfa depauperata Torrey ex Hooker var. filiformis Thurber ex S. Watson
fragilis Swallen [Allred 2005; M&H]
delicate muhly
glauca (Nees) B.D. Jackson [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
desert muhly
Muhlenbergia lemmonii Scribner
Podosemum glaucum Nees
gracillima Torrey = Muhlenbergia torreyi (Kunth) Hitchcock
lemmonii Scribner = Muhlenbergia glauca (Nees) Mez
longiligula A.S. Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
longtongue muhly
Epicampes stricta Presl
metcalfei M.E. Jones [Allred 2005; W&S]
Metcalfe’s muhly
mexicana (Linnaeus) Trinius forma ambigua (Torrey) Fernald = Muhlenbergia mexicana (Linnaeus)
Trinius var. filiformis (Torrey) Scribner
mexicana (Linnaeus) Trinius var. mexicana [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Mexican muhly
Agrostis mexicana Linnaeus
mexicana (Linnaeus) Trinius var. filiformis (Torrey) Scribner [Allred 2005]
Mexican muhly
Agrostis filiformis Torrey
Muhlenbergia mexicana (Linnaeus) Trinius forma ambigua (Torrey) Fernald
minutissima (Steudel) Swallen [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
least muhly
Agrostis minutissima Steudel
Sporobolus confusus auctores
montana (Nuttall) A.S. Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
mountain muhly
Calycodon montanum Nuttall
Muhlenbergia subalpina Vasey
Muhlenbergia trifida Hackel
monticola Buckley = Muhlenbergia tenuifolia (Kunth) Trinius
mundula I.M. Johnston = Muhlenbergia rigens (Bentham) A.S. Hitchcock
neomexiana Vasey = Muhlenbergia pauciflora Buckley
parviglumis Vasey = Muhlenbergia spiciformis Trinius
pauciflora Buckley [Allred 2005; M&H]
New Mexico muhly
Muhlenbergia neomexicana Vasey
peruviana (Beauvois) Steudel [Allred 2005]
Clomena peruviana Beauvois

532
 Muhlenbergia pulcherrima Scribner
Peruvian muhly
polycaulis Scribner [Allred 2005; M&H]
cliff muhly
porteri Scribner ex Beal [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
bush muhly
pulcherrima Scribner = Muhlenbergia peruviana (Beauvois) Steudel
pungens Thurber ex Gray [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
sandhill muhly
racemosa (Michaux) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
green muhly
Agrostis racemosa Michaux
ramulosa (Kunth) Swallen [Allred 2005; M&H]
red muhly
Muhlenbergia wolfii (Vasey) Rydberg
Vilfa ramulosa Kunth
repens (Presl) Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
creeping muhly
Sporobolus repens Presl
richardsonis (Trinius) Rydberg [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
mat muhly
Muhlenbergia squarrosa Rydberg
Vilfa richardsonis Trinius
rigens (Bentham) A.S. Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
deergrass
Epicampes rigens Bentham
Muhlenbergia mundula I.M. Johnston
Epicampes rigens Bentham
rigida (Kunth) Trinius [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
purple muhly
Muhlenbergia affinis Trinius
Podosemum rigida Kunth
schaffneri Fournier = Muhlenbergia depauperata Scribner
setifolia Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H]
curlyleaf muhly
sinuosa Swallen [Allred 2005; M&H]
barrens muhly
spiciformis Trinius [Allred 2005; M&H]
long-awn muhly
Muhlenbergia parviglumis Vasey
squarrosa (Trinius) Rydberg = Muhlenbergia richardsonis (Trinius) Rydberg
straminea A.S. Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H; Reeder & Reeder 1995; W&S]
screwleaf muhly
Muhlenbergia virescens of NM works, not (Kunth) Trinius
subalpina Vasey = Muhlenbergia montana (Nuttall) Hitchcock
sylvatica Torrey : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
tenuifolia (Kunth) Trinius [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
mesa muhly
Calamagrostis tenuifolia Kunth
Muhlenbergia monticola Buckley
texana Buckley [Allred 2005; M&H]
Texas muhly
thurberi (Scribner) Rydberg [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Thurber’s muhly
Sporobolus thurberi Scribner
torreyi (Kunth) A.S. Hitchcock ex Bush [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]

533
 ring muhly
Agrostis torreyi Kunth
Muhlenbergia gracillima Torrey
trifida Hackel = Muhlenbergia montana (Nuttall) Hitchcock
utilis (Torrey) Hitchcock : Reported by M&H, but no validating specimens located [Morden &
Hatch 1996].
villiflora Hitchcock var. villosa (Swallen) Morden [Allred 2005; Hatch 1977; M&H]
hairy muhly
Muhlenbergia villosa Swallen
villosa Swallen = Muhlenbergia villiflora Hitchcock var. villosa (Swallen) Morden
virescens of NM works = Muhlenbergia straminea A.S. Hitchcock
wolfii (Vasey) Rydberg = Muhlenbergia ramulosa (Kunth) Swallen
wrightii Vasey ex Coulter [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
spike muhly
Munroa false-buffalograss
Anton, A.M & A.T. Hunziker. 1978. El genero Munroa (Poaceae): Sinopsis morfologica y taxonomica. Bol. Acad.
Nac. Ci. 52:229-252.
squarrosa (Nuttall) Torrey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
false-buffalograss
Crypsis squarrosa Nuttall
Munroa squarrosa (Nuttall) Torrey var. floccuosa Vasey ex Beal
squarrosa (Nuttall) Torrey var. floccuosa Vasey ex Beal = Munroa squarrosa (Nuttall) Torrey
Nassella needlegrass
Barkworth, M.W. 1990. Nassella (Gramineae, Stipeae): Revised interpretation and nomenclatural changes. Taxon
39(4):597-614.
Barkworth, M.E. 1993. North American Stipeae (Gramineae): Taxonomic changes and other comments. Phytologia
74(1):1-25.
Barkworth, M.E. & M.A. Torres. 2001. Distribution and diagnostic characters of Nassella (Poaceae: Stipeae). Taxon
50:439-468.
Reeder, J.R. 1994. Stipa tenuissima (Gramineae) in Arizona – a comedy of errors. Madroño 41:328-329
Thomasson, J.R. 1981. Micromorphology of the lemma in Stipa robusta and Stipa viridula (Gramineae: Stipeae):
taxonomic significance. Southw. Natural. 26(2):211-214.
tenuissima (Trinius) Barkworth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Mexican feathergrass
Stipa tenuissima Trinius
viridula (Trinius) Barkworth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
green needlegrass
Stipa viridula Trinius
Nazia aliena auctores = Tragus berteronianus Schultes
Neeragrostis reptans (Michaux) Nicora : Reported by Hatch (1980), but a check of the specimen (Sopyn
s.n., TAES) showed it to be Eragrostis hypnoides (Lamarck) Britton, Sterns, &
Poggenburg
Oryzopsis ricegrass
Barkworth, M.E. 1982. Embryological characters and the taxonomy of the Stipeae (Gramineae). Taxon 31(2):233-243.
Barkworth, M.E. 1993. North American Stipeae (Gramineae): Taxonomic changes and other comments. Phytologia
74(1):1-25.
Johnson, B.L. 1945. Natural hybrids between Oryzopsis hymenoides and several species of Stipa. Amer. J. Bot.
32:599-608.
asperifolia Michaux [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
mountain ricegrass
bloomeri (Bolander) Ricker = Achnatherum ×bloomeri (Bolander) Barkworth
fimbriata Hemsley = Piptochaetium fimbriatum (Kunth) A.S. Hitchcock
hymenoides (Roemer & Schultes) Ricker ex Piper = Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & Schultes)
Barkworth
micrantha (Trinius & Ruprecht) Thurber = Piptatherum micranthum (Trinius & Ruprecht)
Barkworth
pungens (Torrey ex Sprengel) A.S. Hitchcock = Piptatherum pungens (Torrey ex Sprengel) Dorn
Panicularia borealis Nash = Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batchelder
elata Nash ex Rydberg = Glyceria elata (Nash ex Rydberg) M.E. Jones
grandis (S. Watson) Nash = Glyceria grandis S. Watson

534
 nervata (Willdenow) Kuntze = Glyceria striata (Lamarck) Hitchcock
nervata (Willdenow) Kuntze var. elata (Nash ex Rydberg) Piper = Glyceria elata (Nash ex Rydberg)
M.E. Jones
Panicum panicum
Aliscioni, S.S., L.M. Giussani, F.O. Zuloaga, & E.A. Kellogg. 2003. A molecular phylogeny of Panicum (Poaceae:
Paniceae): tests of monophyly and phylogenetic placement within the Panicoideae. Amer. J. Bot. 90:796-
821.
Allred, K.W. 2003. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 28:8. [Panicum alatum]
Bess, E.C., A.N. Doust, G.Davidse, & E.A. Kellogg. 2006. Zuloagaea, a new genus of neotropical grass within the
"bristle clade" (Poaceae: Paniceae). Syst. Bot. 31(4):656-670. [Zuloagaea bulbosum]
Bough, M., J.C. Colosi, & P.B. Cavers. 1986. The major weedy biotypes of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) in
Canada. Can. J. Bot. 64:1188-198.
Clark, C.A. & F.W. Gould. 1975. Some epidermal characteristics of paleas of Dichanthelium, Panicum, and
Echinochloa. Amer. J. Bot. 62:743-748.
Fairbrothers, D.E. 1953. Relationships in the Capillaria group of Panicum in Arizona and New Mexico. Amer. J. Bot.
40:708-714.
McGregor, R.L. 1984. Panicum capillare L. var. occidentale Rydberg (Poaceae): an illegitimate name. Contr. Univ.
Kansas Herb. No. 10.
McGregor, R.L. 1984. Panicum capillare L. var. barbipulvinatum (Nash) comb. nov. Phytologia 55:256.
McGregor, R.L. 1985. Panicum hillmanii Chase (Poaceae): validity and distribution. Contr. Univ. Kansas Herb. No.
13.
Morrone, O. & F.O. Zuloaga. 1993. Sinopsis del genero Urochloa (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) para Mexico y
America Central. Darwiniana 32:59-75.
Reeder, J.R. 1991. A new species of Panicum (Gramineae) from Arizona. Phytologia 71:300-303. [Panicum
mojavense]
Spellenberg, R.S., D. Anderson, & R. Brozka. 1993. Noteworthy Collections: New Mexico. Madroño 40:136-138.
[Panicum mojavense]
Zuloaga, F.O., R.P. Ellis, & O. Morrone. 1993. A revision of Panicum subg. Dichanthelium sect. Dichanthelium
(Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) in Mesoamerica, the West Indies, and South America. Ann. Missouri Bot.
Gard. 80:119-190.
Zuloaga, F.O. & O. Morrone. 1996. Revision de las especies Americanas de Panicum subgenero Panicum seccion
Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83:200-280. [Panicum alatum]
Webster, R.D. 1988. Genera of the North American Paniceae (Poaceae: Panicoideae). Syst. Bot. 13(4):576-609.
acuminatum Swartz = Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz) Gould & Clark var. acuminatum
adhaerans Forsskål = Setaria adhaerens (Forsskål) Chiovenda
alatum F. Zuloaga & O. Morrone var. alatum [Allred 2003]
winged witchgrass
alatum F. Zuloaga & O. Morrone var. minus (Andersson) Zuloaga & Morrone [Zuloaga &
Morrone 1996]
winged witchgrass
Panicum hirticaule Presl var. minus Andersson
*amarum Elliott [Allred 2005]
bitter panicum
*antidotale Retzius [Allred 2005]
blue panicum
arizonicum Scribner & Merrill = Urochloa arizonica (Scribner & Merrill) Morrone & Zuloaga
autumnale Bosc ex Sprengel var. pubiflorum Vasey ex L.H. Dewey = Digitaria pubiflora (Vasey ex
L.H. Dewey) Wipff
barbipulvinatum Nash = Panicum capillare Linnaeus var. barbipulvinatum (Nash) McGregor
bulbosum Kunth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
bulb panicum
Panicum bulbosum Kunth var. minus Vasey
Panicum bulbosum Kunth var. sciaphilum (Ruprecht) Hitchcock & Chase
Panicum plenum Hitchcock & Chase
Zuloagaea bulbosum (Kunth) Bess
bulbosum Kunth var. minus Vasey = Panicum bulbosum Kunth
bulbosum Kunth var. sciaphilum (Ruprecht) Hitchcock & Chase = Panicum bulbosum Kunth
californicum Bentham = Digitaria californica (Bentham) Henrard
capillare Linnaeus var. barbipulvinatum (Nash) McGregor [Allred 2005; W&S]
witchgrass
Panicum barbipulvinatum Nash
capillare Linnaeus var. brevifolium Rydberg & Shear [Allred 2005; M&H]

535
 common witchgrass
Panicum capillare var. occidentale Rydberg
capillare Linnaeus var. capillare : Reported by M&H, but no validating specimens located. [Allred
2005; McGregor 1984].
capillare Linnaeus var. occidentale Rydberg = Panicum capillare Linnaeus var. brevifolium Rydberg
& Shear
ciliaris Retzius = Digitaria ciliaris (Retzius) Koeler
ciliatissimum Buckley = Urochloa ciliatissima (Buckley) R.D. Webster
colonum Linnaeus = Echinochloa colonum (Linnaeus) Link
*coloratum Linnaeus [Allred 2005]
Kleingrass
crus-galli Linnaeus = Echinochloa crus-galli (Linnaeus) Beauvois
dactylon Linnaeus = Cynodon dactylon (Linnaeus) Persoon
*dichotomiflorum Michaux [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
fall panicum
fasciculatum Swartz var. reticulatum (Torrey) Beal = Urochloa fusca (Swartz) Hansen & Wunderlin
filipes Scribner = Panicum hallii Vasey var. filipes (Scribner) Waller
fuscum Swartz = Urochloa fusca (Swartz) Hansen & Wunderlin
hallii Vasey var. filipes (Scribner) Waller [Allred 2005]
filly panicum
Panicum filipes Scribner
hallii Vasey var. hallii Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Hall’s panicum
havardii Vasey [Allred 2005; W&S]
Havard’s panicum
helleri Nash = Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schultes) Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould
*hians Elliott [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
gaping panicum
Steinchisma hians (Elliott) Nash
hillmanii Chase [Allred 2005]
Hillman’s panicum
hirticaule J. Presl var. hirticaule [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Mexican witchgrass
hirticaule Presl var. minus Andersson = Panicum alatum F. Zuloaga & O. Morrone var. minus
(Andersson) Zuloaga & Morrone
hirticaule Presl var. pampinosum (A.S. Hitchcock & Chase) Beetle = Panicum pampinosum A.S.
Hitchcock & Chase
hirticaule Presl var. stramineum (A.S. Hitchcock & Chase) Beetle = Panicum stramineum A.S.
Hitchcock & Chase
huachucae Ashe var. fasciculatum (Torrey) F.T. Hubbard = Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz)
Gould & Clark var. acuminatum
huachucae Ashe var. huachecae = Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz) Gould & Clark var.
acuminatum
ischaemum Schreber = Digitaria ischaemum (Schreber) Schreber ex Muhlenberg
italicum Linnaeus = Setaria italica (Linnaeus) Beauvois
lanuginosum Elliott = Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz) Gould & Clark var. acuminatum
lanuginosum Elliott var. lindheimeri (Nash) Fernald = Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz) Gould
& Clark var. acuminatum
*lepidulum A.S. Hitchcock & Chase : Reported by Allred (1993) and M&H, but the specimen in
question is corrected to Panicum hallii Vasey
lindheimeri Nash = Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz) Gould & Clark var. acuminatum
linearifolium of earlier NM works = Dichanthelium perlongum (Nash) Freckmann
*miliaceum Linnaeus subsp. miliaceum [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
broomcorn millet
mohavense Reeder [Spellenberg et al. 1993; Reeder 1991]
Mojave panicum
napaliense Davidse : Reported by Kartesz (1999) without documentation; awaiting verification.
obtusum Kunth = Hopia obtusa (Kunth) Zuloaga & Morrone

536
 oligosanthes Schultes var. helleri (Nash) Fernald = Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schultes) Gould
var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould
oligosanthes Schultes var. scribnerianum (Nash) Fernald = Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schultes)
Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould
pampinosum A.S. Hitchcock & Chase [Zuloaga & Morrone 1996]
southwestern witchgrass
Panicum hirticaule Presl var. pampinosum (A.S. Hitchcock & Chase) Beetle
perlongum Nash = Dichanthelium perlongum (Nash) Freckmann
plenum A.S. Hitchcock & Chase = Panicum bulbosum Kunth
pumilum Poiret = Setaria pumila (Poiret) Roemer & Schultes
ramisetum Scribner = Setaria reverchonii (Vasey) Pilger subsp. ramiseta (Scribner) W.E. Fox
sanguinale Linnaeus = Digitaria sanguinalis (Linnaeus) Scopoli
scribnerianum Nash = Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schultes) Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash)
Gould
stramineum A.S. Hitchcock & Chase : Reported by Allred (1993), but no validating specimens have
been located (Allred 2005); Zuloaga & Morrone (1996) do not include NM in their
distribution.
Panicum hirticaule Presl var. stramineum (A.S. Hitchcock & Chase) Beetle
tennesseene Ashe = Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz) Gould & Clark var. acuminatum
texanum Buckley = Urochloa texana (Buckley) R.D. Webster
virgatum Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
switchgrass
verticillatum Linnaeus = Setaria verticillata (Linnaeus) Beauvois
viride Linnaeus = Setaria viridis (Linnaeus) Beauvois
wilcoxianum Vasey = Dichanthelium wilcoxianum (Vasey) Freckmann
Pappophorum pappusgrass
Chase, A. 1946. Enneapogon desvauxii and Pappophorum wrightii, an agrostological detective story. Madroño 8:187-
189.
Reeder, J.R. & L.J. Toolin. 1989. Notes on Pappophorum (Gramineae: Pappophoreae). Syst. Bot. 14(3:349-358.
bicolor Fournier : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
mucronulatum of numerous North American authors = Pappophorum vaginatum Buckley
vaginatum Buckley [Allred 2005; M&H]
whiplash pappusgrass
Panicum mucronulatum of numerous North American authors
wrightii S. Watson = Enneapogon desvauxii Beauvois
Pappostipa speciosa (Trinius & Ruprecht) Romaschenko = Jarava speciosa (Trinius & Ruprecht)
Peñailillo
Pascopyrum smithii (Rydberg) Löve = Elymus smithii (Rydberg) Gould
Paspalum paspalum
Allred, K.W. 1982. Paspalum distichum L. var. indutum Shinners (Poaceae). Great Basin Naturalist 42:101-104.
Banks, D.J. 1966. Taxonomy of Paspalum setaceum (Gramineae). Sida 2:269-284.
Chase, A. 1929. The North American species of Paspalum. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 28:1-310.
Committee on Nomenclature, IAPT. 1983. Report on Proposal 528, to reject the name Paspalum distichum L.:
proposal rejected, the traditional usage of the name may be retained. Taxon 32(2):281.
Fosberg, F.R. 1977. Paspalum distichum again. Taxon 26:201-202.
Guedes, M. 1976. The case for Paspalum distichum and against futile name-changes. Taxon 25:512-513.
bushii Nash = Paspalum setaceum Michaux var. stramineum (Nash) Banks
ciliatifolium Michaux = Paspalum setaceum Michaux var. ciliatifolium (Michaux) Vasey
ciliatifolium Michaux var. stramineum (Nash) Fernald = Paspalum setaceum Michaux var.
stramineum (Nash) Banks
*dilatatum Poiret [Allred 2005; M&H]
dallisgrass
distichum Linnaeus [Allred 1982, 1993; M&H; W&S]
knotgrass
Paspalum distichum var. indutum Shinners
distichum var. indutum Shinners = Paspalum distichum Linnaeus
setaceum Michaux var. ciliatifolium (Michaux) Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
fringeleaf paspalum
Paspalum ciliatifolium Michaux
setaceum Michaux var. stramineum (Nash) Banks [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]

537
 sand paspalum
Paspalum bushii Nash
Paspalum ciliatifolium Michaux var. stramineum (Nash) Fernald
Paspalum stramineum Nash
stramineum Nash = Paspalum setaceum Michaux var. stramineum (Nash) Banks
*vaginatum Swartz (seashore paspalum) : Included by Allred (2005) only as an ornamental lawn
grass and not known to escape.
Pennisetum millet
Allred, K.W. 2007. Plant distribution reports [Pennisetum villosum]. The New Mexico Botanist 37:7.
Allred, K.W. 2008. Plant distribution reports [Pennisetum setaceum]. The New Mexico Botanist 43:7.
Wipff, J.K. & J.F. Veldkamp. 1999. Pennisetum advena sp. nov. (Poaceae: Paniceae): A common ornamental grass
throughout the southern United States. Sida 18(4):1031-1036.
*advena Wippf & Veldkamp (purple fountaingrass) : Cultivated as an ornamental landscape grass
and not yet known as an escape.
*ciliare (Linnaeus) Link [Allred 2005]
buffelgrass
Cenchrus ciliaris Linnaeus
*setaceum (Forsskål) Chiovenda [Allred 2008]
fountaingrass
Phalaris setacea Forsskål
*villosum R. Brown ex Fresenius [Allred 2007]
feathertop
Phalaris canarygrass
Anderson, D.E. 1961. Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Phalaris. Iowa State J. Sci. 36:1-96.
Baldini, R.M. 1995. Revision of the genus Phalaris L. (Gramineae). Webbia 49(2):265-329.
*angusta Nees ex Trinius [Allred 2005]
Timothy canarygrass
arundinacea Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
reed canarygrass
Phalaroides arundinacea (Linnaeus) Rauschert
*canariensis Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
common canarygrass
caroliniana Walter [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Carolina canarygrass
*minor Retzius [Allred 2005]
lesser canarygrass
oryzoides Linnaeus = Leersia oryzoides (Linnaeus) Swartz
setacea Forsskål = Pennisetum setaceum (Forsskål) Chiovenda
Phalaroides arundinacea (Linnaeus) Rauschert = Phalaris arundinacea Linnaeus
Phleum Timothy
Joachimiak, A. & A. Kula. 1996. Karyosystematics of the Phleum alpinum polyploid complex. Plant Syst. Evol.
203:11-25.
alopecuroides Piller & Mitterpacher = Crypsis alopecuroides (Piller & Mitterpacher) Schrader
alpinum Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
alpine Timothy
Phleum commutatum Gaudin
Phleum alpinum Linnaeus subsp. commutatum (Gaudin) Richter
alpinum Linnaeus subsp. commutatum (Gaudin) Richter = Phleum alpinum Linnaeus
commutatum Gaudin = Phleum alpinum Linnaeus
*pratense Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Timothy
schoenoides Linnaeus = Crypsis schoenoides (Linnaeus) Lamarck
Phragmites reed
Clayton, W.D. 1968. The correct name for the common reed. Taxon 17:168-169.
Fernald, M.L. 1932. Phragmites communis Trinius var. berlandieri (Fournier) comb. nov. Rhodora 34:211-212.
Saltonstall, K., P.M. Peterson, & R.J. Soreng. 2004. Recognition of Phragmites australis subsp. americanus (Poaceae:
Arundinoideae) in North America: Evidence from morphological and genetic analyses. Sida 21(2):683-692.

538
 australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel subsp. americanus Saltonstall, Peterson &
Soreng [Saltonstall et al. 2004]
common reed
Phragmites communis Trinius p.p.
Phragmites phragmites (Linnaeus) Karsten p.p.
*australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel subsp. australis [Saltonstall et al. 2004]
common reed
Arundo australis Cavanilles
Phragmites communis Trinius p.p.
Phragmites phragmites (Linnaeus) Karsten p.p.
australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel var. berlandieri (Fournier) Reed [Allred 2005;
M&H; Saltonstall et al. 2004; W&S]
common reed
Phragmites berlandieri Fournier
Phragmites communis Trinius p.p.
Phragmites phragmites (Linnaeus) Karsten p.p.
berlandieri Fournier = Phragmites australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel var. berlandieri
(Fournier) Reed
communis of NM authors = Phragmites australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel
phragmites of NM authors = Phragmites australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel
*Phyllostachys aurea Carr ex A. & C. Rivière (golden bamboo) : Included by Allred (2005) only as an
ornamental and not known to escape.
Piptatherum ricegrass
Hartman, R.L., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida
22(2):1225-1233. [Piptatherum pungens]
acuminatum Presl = Eriochloa acuminata (Presl) Kunth var. acuminata
micranthum (Trinius & Ruprecht) Barkworth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
littleseed ricegrass
Urachne micrantha Trinius & Ruprecht
Oryzopsis micrantha (Trinius & Ruprecht) Thurber
pungens (Torrey ex Sprengel) Dorn [Hartman 2003; Hartman et al. 2006]
short-awn ricegrass
Milium pungens Torrey ex Sprengel
Oryzopsis pungens (Torrey ex Sprengel) A.S. Hitchcock
Piptochaetium ricegrass
Barkworth, M.E. 1993. North American Stipeae (Gramineae): Taxonomic changes and other comments. Phytologia
74(1):1-25.
Cialdella, A.M., L.M. Giussani, L. Aagesen, F.O. Zuloaga, & O. Morrone. 2007. A phylogeny of Piptochaetium
(Poaceae: Poideae: Stipeae) and related genera based on a combined analysis including trnL-F, rpl16, and
morphology. Syst. Bot. 32(3):545-559.
fimbriatum (Kunth) Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
piñon ricegrass
Oryzopsis fimbriata (Kunth) Hemsley
Stipa fimbriata Kunth
pringlei (Beal) Parodi [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Pringle’s needlegrass
Stipa pringlei Beal
Pleopogon setosum Nuttall = Lycurus setosus (Nuttall) C. Reeder
Pleuraphis galleta
Columbus, J.T. 1993. Pleuraphis – distinct from Hilaria (Gramineae: Chloridoideae). Amer. J. Bot. 80(suppl.):138-
139.
Sohns, E.R. 1956. The genus Hilaria (Gramineae). J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 46:311-321.
Western Regional Technical Committee W-90. 1972. Galleta: taxonomy, ecology, and management of Hilaria jamesii
on western rangelands. Utah Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 487. 38 p.
jamesii Torrey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
galleta
Hilaria jamesii (Torrey) Bentham
mutica Buckley [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
tobosa

539
 Hilaria mutica (Buckley) Bentham
*rigida Thurber [Allred 2005]
big galleta
Hilaria rigida (Thurber) Bentham ex Scribner
Poa bluegrass
Arnow, L.A. 1981. Poa secunda Presl versus P. sandbergii Vasey (Poaceae). Syst. Bot. 6(4):412-421.
Boivin, B. & D. Löve. 1960. Poa agassizensis, a new prairie bluegrass. Le Naturaliste Canadien 87:173-180.
Kellogg, E. 1985. A biosystematic study of the Poa secunda complex. J. Arnold Arbor. 66:201-242.
Kellogg, E.A. 1985. Variation and names in the Poa secunda complex. J. Range Management 38(6):516-521.
Kellogg, E.A. 1987. Apomixis in the Poa secunda complex. Amer. J. Bot. 74(9):1431-1437.
Marsh, V.L. 1952. A taxonomic revision of the genus Poa of United States and southern Canada. Amer. Midl.
naturalist 47:202-250.
Soreng, R.J. 1985. Poa L. in New Mexico, with a key to middle and southern Rocky Mountain species (Poaceae).
Great Basin Naturalist 45:395-422.
Soreng, R.J. 1991. Systematics of the "Epiles" group of Poa (Poaceae). Syst. Bot. 16(3):507-528.
Soreng, R.J. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 19:3. [Poa pratensis alpigena]
Soreng, R.J. & F.R. Barrie. 1999. Proposal to conserve the name Poa pratensis (Gramineae) with a conserved type.
Taxon 48(1):157-160.
Soreng, R.J. & S.L. Hatch. 1983. A comparison of Poa tracyi and Poa occidentalis (Poaceae: Poeae). Sida 10(2):123-
141.
agassizensis Boivin & D. Löve = Poa pratensis Linnaeus subsp. agassizensis (Boivin & D. Löve)
Taylor & MacBryd
albescens A.S. Hitchcock = Poa fendleriana (Steudel) Vasey subsp. albescens (A.S. Hitchcock)
Soreng
alpigena Lindman = Poa pratensis Linnaeus subsp. alpigena (Lindman) Hiitonen
alpina Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
alpine bluegrass
ampla Merrill = Poa secunda Presl subsp. juncifolia (Scribner) R.J. Soreng
*annua Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
annual bluegrass
aperta Scribner & Merrill = Poa arctica R. Brown subsp. aperta (Scribner & Merrill) Soreng
*arachnifera Torrey [Allred 2005]
Texas bluegrass
arctica R. Brown subsp. aperta (Scribner & Merrill) Soreng [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
arctic bluebrass
Poa aperta Scribner & Merrill
Poa gracillima of NM authors
arctica R. Brown subsp. grayana (Vasey) A. & D. Löve & Kapoor [Allred 2005; W&S]
Gray’s bluegrass
Poa grayana Vasey
arida Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
plains bluegrass
Poa glaucifolia Scribner & Williams
bigelovii Vasey & Scribner [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Bigelow’s bluegrass
brevipaniculata Scribner & Will. = Poa fendleriana (Steudel) Vasey subsp. fendleriana
*bulbosa Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
bulbous bluegrass
Poa bulbosa Linnaeus var. vivipara Koeler
bulbosa Linnaeus var. vivipara Koeler = Poa bulbosa Linnaeus
canbyi (Scribner) Piper = Poa secunda Presl subsp. secunda
cilianensis Allioni = Eragrostis cilianensis (Allioni) Vign. ex Janchen
*compressa Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Canada bluegrass
curvula Schrader = Eragrostis curvula (Schrader) Nees var. curvula
distans Jacquin = Puccinellia distans (Jacquin) Parlatore
dura Linnaeus = Sclerochloa dura (Linnaeus) Beauvois
fendleriana (Steudel) Vasey subsp. albescens (A.S. Hitchcock) Soreng [Allred 2005]
Mexican muttongrass

540
 Poa albescens A.S. Hitchcock
fendleriana (Steudel) Vasey subsp. fendleriana [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Fendler muttongrass
Eragrostis fendlerianus Steudel
Poa brevipaniculata Scribner & Williams
Poa longepedunculata Scribner
fendleriana (Steudel) Vasey subsp. longiligula (Scribner & T.A. Williams) Soreng
[Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
longtongue muttongrass
Poa longiligula Scribner & Williams
flava Linnaeus = Tridens flavus (Linnaeus) A.S. Hitchcock
glauca Vahl subsp. glauca [Allred 2005; M&H]
Greenland bluegrass
glauca Vahl subsp. rupicola (Nash ex Rydberg) W.A. Weber [Allred 2005; M&H]
timberline bluegrass
Poa rupicola Nash ex Rydberg
glaucifolia Scribner & Williams = Poa arida Vasey
gracillima of NM authors = Poa arctica R. Brown var. aperta (Scribner & Merrill) Soreng
grayana Vasey = Poa arctica R. Brown subsp. grayana (Vasey) A. & D. Löve & Kapoor
hypnoides Lamarck = Eragrostis hypnoides (Lamarck) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg
kingii S. Watson = Leucopoa kingii (S. Watson) W.A. Weber
interior Rydberg [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
inland bluegrass
Poa nemoralis Linnaeus subsp. interior (Rydberg) W.A. Weber
juncifolia Scribner = Poa secunda Presl subsp. juncifolia (Scribner) R.J Soreng
laevigata Scribner = Poa secunda Presl subsp. secunda
leptocoma Trinius [Allred 2005; M&H]
bog bluegrass
longiligula Scribner & Williams = Poa fendleriana (Steudel) Vasey var. longiligula (Scribner &
Williams) Soreng
longepedunculata Scribner = Poa fendleriana (Steudel) Vasey var. fendleriana
lucida Vasey = Poa secunda Presl subsp. secunda
kingii S. Watson = Leucopoa kingii (S. Watson) W.A. Weber
mexicana Hornemann = Eragrostis mexicana (Hornemann) Link subsp. mexicana
nemoralis Linnaeus subsp. interior (Rydberg) W.A. Weber = Poa interior Rydberg
nervosa (Hooker) Vasey var. wheeleri (Vasey) C.L. Hitchcock = Poa wheeleri Vasey
nevadensis Vasey ex Scribner = Poa secunda Presl subsp. juncifolia (Scribner) R.J. Soreng
nuttalliana Schultes = Puccinellia nuttalliana (Schultes) A.S. Hitchcock
occidentalis Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
New Mexico bluegrass
oxylepis Torrey = Eragrostis secundiflora Presl subsp. oxylepis (Torrey) S.D. Koch
palustris Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
fowl bluegrass
pattersonii Vasey : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
pratensis Linnaeus subsp. agassizensis (Boivin & D. Löve) Taylor & MacBryde [Allred
2005]
Kentucky bluegrass, Lake Agassiz bluegrass
Poa agassizensis Boivin & D. Löve
pratensis Linnaeus subsp. alpigena (Lindman) Hiitonen [Soreng 2001]
Kentucky bluegrass
Poa alpigena Lindman
*pratensis Linnaeus subsp. pratensis [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Kentucky bluegrass
reflexa Vasey & Scribner ex Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
nodding bluegrass
rigida Linnaeus = Catapodium rigidum (Linnaeus) C.E. Hubbard ex Dony
rupicola Nash ex Rydberg = Poa glauca Vahl. subsp. rupicola (Nash ex Rydberg) W.A. Weber

541
 sandbergii Vasey = Poa secunda Presl subsp. secunda
scabrella (Thurber) Vasey = Poa secunda Presl subsp. secunda
secunda Presl subsp. juncifolia (Scribner) R.J. Soreng
alkali bluegrass
Poa ampla Merrill
Poa juncifolia Scribner
Poa nevadensis Vasey ex Scribner
secunda Presl subsp. secunda [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Sandberg’s bluegrass
Poa canbyi (Scribner) Piper
Poa laevigata Scribner
Poa lucida Vasey
Poa sandbergii Vasey
Poa scabrella (Thurber) Vasey
spectabilis Pursh = Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steudel
stenantha Trinius : Reported by M&H, but no validating specimens located; most likely refers to
Poa leptocoma Trinius [Allred 2005].
striata Lamarck = Glyceria striata (Lamarck) A.S. Hitchcock
tracyi Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Tracy’s bluegrass
trichodes Nuttall = Eragrostis trichodes (Nuttall) Wood
*trivialis Linnaeus [Allred 2005]
rough bluegrass
wheeleri Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H]
Wheeler’s bluegrass
Poa nervosa (Hooker) Vasey var. wheeleri (Vasey) C.L. Hitchcock
Podagrostis humilis (Vasey) Bjorkman = Agostis humilis Vasey
thurberiana (A.S. Hitchcock) Hulten = Agostis humilis Vasey
Podosemum glaucum Nees = Muhlenbergia glauca (Nees) B.D. Jackson
rigida Kunth = Muhlenbergia rigida (Kunth) Trinius
Polypogon polypogon
Barkworth, M. 2004. Plant distribution reports. The New Mexico Botanist 31:1. [Polypogon maritimus]
Bjorkman, S.O. 1960. Studies in Agrostis and related genera. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 17:1-112.
*interruptus Kunth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
ditch polypogon
×Agropogon littoralis (Small) C.E. Hubbard
Polypogon littoralis Small
littoralis Small = Polypogon interruptus Kunth
*maritimus Willdenow [Barkworth 2004]
southern polypogon
*monspeliensis (Linnaeus) Desfontaines [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
rabbitfootgrass
Alopecurus monspeliensis Linnaeus
*viridis (Gouan) Breistroffer [Allred 2005; M&H]
water polypogon
Agrostis semiverticillata (Forsskål) Christensen
Agrostis viridis Gouan
Polypogon semiverticillata (Forsskål) Hylander
semiverticillata (Forsskål) Hylander = Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistroffer
Psathyrostachys wildrye
Baden, C. 1990. A taxonomic revision of Psathyrostachys (Poaceae). Nord. J. Bot. 11:3-26.
Dewey, D.R. & C. Hsiao. 1983. A cytogenetic basis for transferring russian wildrye from Elymus to Psathyrostachys.
Crop Sci. 23:123-126.
*juncea (Fischer) Nevski [Allred 2005]
Russian wildrye
Elymus junceus Fischer
Pseudoroegneria arizonica (Scribner & Smith) Löve = Elymus arizonicus (Scribner & Smith) Gould
spicata (Pursh) A. Löve = Elymus spicatus (Pursh) Gould

542
Puccinellia alkaligrass
Church, G.L. 1949. A cytotaxonomic study of Glyceria and Puccinellia. Amer. J. Bot. 36:155-156.
Davis, J.I. 1983. Phenotypic plasticity and the selection of taxonomic characters in Puccinellia (Poaceae). Syst. Bot.
8:341-353.
Sivinski, R. 1995. Parish's alkali grasss (Puccinellia parishii). Section 6, Progress Report, U.S. Fish Wildlife Service.
airoides (Nuttall) S. Watson & Coulter = Puccinellia nuttalliana (Schultes) A.S. Hitchcock
*distans (Jacquin) Parlatore [Allred 2005; M&H]
weeping alkaligrass
Poa distans Jacquin
nuttalliana (Schultes) A.S. Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Nuttall alkaligrass
Poa nuttalliana Schultes
Puccinellia airoides (Nuttall) S. Watson & Coulter
parishii A.S. Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H]
Parish’s alkaligrass
pauciflora (J. Presl) Munz = Torreyochloa pallida (Torrey) Church var. pauciflora (J. Presl) J.I.
Davis
Redfieldia blowout-grass
Reeder, J.R. 1976. Systematic position of Redfieldia (Gramineae). Madroño 23:434-438.
flexuosa (Thurber) Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H]
blowout-grass
Graphephorum flexuosum Thurber
Rhynchelytrum repens (Willdenow) C.E. Hubbard = Melinis repens (Willdenow) Zizka
roseum (Nees) Bews = Melinis repens (Willdenow) Zizka
Saccharum sugar cane
Peterson, R.S. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Saccharum ravennae]
*ravennae (Linnaeus) Linnaeus [Peterson 2000]
Ravenna grass
Andropogon ravennae Linnaeus
Erianthus ravennae (Linnaeus) Beauvois
repens Willdenow = Melinis repens (Willdenow) Zizka
Savastana odorata (Linnaeus) Scribner = Hierochloe odorata (Linnaeus) Beauvois
Schedonnardus tumblegrass
paniculatus (Nuttall) Trelease [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
tumblegrass
Lepturus paniculatus Nuttall
Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreber) Dumortier = Festuca arundinacea Schreber
pratensis (Hudson) P. Beauvois = Festuca pratensis Hudson
phoenix (Scopoli) Holub = Festuca arundinacea Schreber
Schismus Mediterraneangrass
Conert, H.J. & A.M. Turpe. 1974. Revision der Gattung Schismus (Poaceae: Arundinoideae: Danthonieae). Abh.
Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 532:1-81.
Hatch, S.L. 1977. New grass distribution records for New Mexico and the United States. Great Basin Naturalist
37(4):530-531. [Schismus arabicus]
*arabicus Nees [Allred 2005; Hatch 1977]
Arabian Mediterraneangrass
*barbatus (Loefling ex Linnaeus) Thellung [Allred 2005; M&H]
bearded Mediterraneangrass
Festuca barbata Loefling ex Linnaeus
Schizachne false-melic
Swallen, J.R. 1928. The grass genus Schizachne. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18:203-206.
purpurascens (Torrey) Swallen [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
false melic
Avena striata Michaux
Trisetum purpurascens Torrey
Schizachyrium bluestem
Camus, A. 1923. Note sur le genre "Schizachyrium" (Gramineae). Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon 70:87-91.
Gould, F.W. 1967. The grass genus Andropogon in the United States. Brittonia 19:70-76.
Hatch, S.L. 1978. Nomenclatural changes in Schizachyrium (Poaceae). Brittonia 30:496.

543
 Hatch, S.L. 1984. A new combination in the Poaceae. Sida 10(4):321.
cirratum (Hackel) Wooton & Standley [Allred 2005; W&S]
Texas bluestem
Andropogon cirratus Hackel
neomexicanum Nash [Allred 2005; W&S]
New Mexico bluestem
Andropogon scoparius Michaux var. neomexicanus (Nash) Hitchcock
sanguineum (Retzius) Alston var. hirtiflorum (Nees) Hatch [Allred 2005]
Santa Fe bluestem
Andropogon feensis Fournier
Andropogon hirtiflorus (Nees) Kinth var. hirtiflorus
Andropogon hirtiflorus (Nees) Kunth var. feensis (Fournier) Hackel
scoparium (Michaux) Nash var. frequens (C.E. Hubbard) Gould = Schizachyrium scoparium
(Michaux) Nash
scoparium (Michaux) Nash var. scoparium [Allred 2005; W&S]
little bluestem
Andropogon scoparius Michaux var. scoparius
Andropogon scoparius Michaux var. frequens C.E. Hubbard
Schizachyrium scoparium (Michaux) Nash var. frequens (C.E. Hubbard) Gould
Sclerochloa hardgrass
Brandenburg, D.M., J.R. Estes, & J.W. Thieret. 1991. Hard grass (Sclerochloa dura, Poaceae) in the United States.
Sida 14(3):369-376.
*dura (Linnaeus) Beauvois [Allred 2005]
hardgrass
Poa dura Linnaeus
Scleropoa rigida (Linnaeus) Grisebach = Catapodium rigidum (Linnaeus) C.E. Hubbard ex Dony
Scleropogon burrograss
Beetle, A.A. 1981. Noteworthy grasses from Mexico. Phytologia 49(1):33-43. [Scleropogon longisetus]
Peterson, P. M., and J. T. Columbus. 1997. Allelic variation in the amphitropical disjunct Scleropogon brevifolius
(Poaceae: Eragrostideae). BioLlania, Edicíon Especial 6: 473–490.
Reeder, J.R. & J. Toolin. 1987. Scleropogon (Gramineae), a monotypic genus with disjunct distribution. Phytologia
62:267-275.
brevifolius Philippi [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
burrograss
Festuca macrostachya Torrey & Gray
Scleropogon longisetus Beetle
longisetus Beetle = Scleropogon brevifolius Philippi
Secale rye
Allred, K.W. 2002. Rye, wheat, triticale, and barley. The New Mexico Botanist 22:5-6.
Baum, B.R. & P.K. Gupta. 1990. Taxonomic examination of Triticale (×Triticosecale). Can. J. Bot. 68:1889-1893.
Bowden, W.M. 1962. Cytotaxonomy of the native and adventive species of Hordeum, Eremopyrum, Secale, Sitanion,
and Triticum in Canada. Can. J. Bot. 40:1675-1711.
Frederiksen, S. and G. Petersen. 1998. A taxonomic revision of Secale L. (Triticeae, Poaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 18:399-
420.
*cereale Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
rye
Sesleria dactyloides Nuttall = Bouteloua dactyloides (Nuttall) J.T. Columbus
Setaria bristlegrass
Emery, W.H.P. 1957. A cytotaxonomic study of Setaria macrostachya (Gramineae) and its relatives in the
southwestern United States and Mexico. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 84:94-105.
Fairbrothers, D.E. 1959. Morphological variation of Setaria faberi and S. viridis. Brittonia 11:44-48.
Fox, W.E. III & S.L. Hatch. 1999. New combinations in Setaria (Poaceae: Paniceae). Sida 18(4):1037-1047.
Hatch, S.L. 1977. New grass distribution records for New Mexico and the United States. Great Basin Naturalist
37(4):530-531. [Setaria adhaerens, Setaria reverchonii subsp. ramiseta]
Kerguélen, M. 1977. Notes agrostologiques, II. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 124:337-349. [Setaria parviflora]
Rominger, J.M. 1962. Taxonomy of Setaria (Gramineae) in North America. Illinois Biol. Monogr. 29:1-132.
Toolin, L. & J.R. Reeder. 2000. The status of Setaria macrostachya and its relationship to S. vulpiseta (Gramineae).
Syst. Bot. 25(1):26-32.
Webster, R.D. 1993. Nomenclature of Setaria (Poaceae: Paniceae). Sida 15(3):447-490.
*adhaerens (Forsskål) Chiovenda [Allred 2005; Hatch 1977]
clinging bristlegrass
544
 Panicum adhaerans Forsskål
geniculata (Lamarck) Beauvois = Setaria parviflora (Poiret) Kerguélen
glauca (Linnaeus) Beauvois = Setaria pumila (Poiret) Roemer & Schultes
grisebachii Fournier [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Grisebach’s bristlegrass
Chaetochloa grisebachii ampla Scribner & Merrill
*italica (Linnaeus) Beauvois [Allred 2005; M&H]
foxtail millet
Chaetochloa italica (Linnaeus) Scribner
Panicum italicum Linnaeus
leucopila (Scribner & Merrill) K. Schumann [Allred 2005]
plains bristlegrass
Chaetochloa leucopila Scribner & Merrill
Setaria macrostachya of most U.S. authors
lutescens (Weigel) F.T. Hubbard = Setaria pumila (Poiret) Roemer & Schultes
macrostachya Kunth [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
plains bristlegrass
Chaetochloa composita (Kunth) Scribner
macrostachya of most U.S. authors = Setaria leucopila (Scribner & Merrill) K. Schumann
*magna Grisebach [Allred 2005]
giant foxtail
muricata Beauvois = Echinochloa muricata (Beauvois) Fernald var. muricata
parviflora (Poiret) Kerguélen [Allred 2005; M&H]
knotroot bristlegrass
Cenchrus parviflorus Poiret
Setaria geniculata (Lamarck) Beauvois
*pumila (Poiret) Roemer & Schultes [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
yellow bristlegrass
Chaetochloa glauca (Linnaeus) Scribner
Panicum pumilum Poiret
Setaria glauca auctores
Setaria lutescens (Weigel) F. T. Hubbard
ramiseta (Scribner) Pilger = Setaria reverchonii (Vasey) Pilger subsp. ramiseta (Scribner) W.E. Fox
reverchonii (Vasey) Pilger subsp. ramiseta (Scribner) W.E. Fox [Allred 2005; Hatch 1977]
Reverchon’s bristlegrass
Panicum ramisetum Scribner
Setaria ramiseta (Scribner) Pilger
scheelei (Steudel) Hitchcock : Reported by M&H, and thence by FNA, but no validating specimens
have ever been located.
*verticillata (Linnaeus) Beauvois [Allred 2005; M&H]
hooked bristlegrass
Panicum verticillatum Linnaeus
villosissima (Scribner & Merrill) K. Schumann : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits
verification.
*viridis (Linnaeus) Beauvois [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
green bristlegrass
Chaetochloa viridis (Linnaeus) Scribner
Panicum viride Linnaeus
vulpiseta (Lamarck) Roemer & J.A. Schultes : Some have expanded this South American taxon to
include our North American Setaria macrostachya Kunth; we maintain the two
entities in a more strict sense, with the latter in NM.
Sitanion brevifolium J.G. Smith = Elymus longifolius (Smith) Gould
caespitosum J.G. Smith = Elymus longifolius (Smith) Gould
californicum J.G. Smith = Elymus elymoides (Rafinesque) Swezey
elymoides Rafinesque = Elymus elymoides (Rafinesque) Swezey
hystrix (Nuttall) J.S. Smith = Elymus elymoides (Rafinesque) Swezey and Elymus longifolius
(Smith) Gould
longi folium J.G. Smith = Elymus longifolius (Smith) Gould

545
 molle J.G. Smith = Elymus longifolius (Smith) Gould
pubiflorum J.G. Smith = Elymus longifolius (Smith) Gould
rigidum sensu W&S = Elymus longifolius (Smith) Gould
Sorghastrum Indiangrass
Davila A., P. 1990. Anatomia foliar de las especies de Sorghastrum Nash (Poaceae: Andropogoneae). An. Inst. Biol.
Univ. Nac. Auton. Mexico, Bot. 60:59-84.
Veldkamp, J.F. 1984. The identity of Andropogon nutans Linnaeus (Gramineae). Taxon 33:95-97.
nutans (Linnaeus) Nash [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Indiangrass
Andropogon nutans Linnaeus
Sorghum sorghum
DeWet, J.M.J. 1978. Systematics and evolution of Sorghum sect. Sorghum (Gramineae). Amer. J. Bot. 65:477-484.
Doggett, H. 1970. Sorghum. Longmans, London. 403 pp.
Wiersema, J.H. & J. Dahlberg. 2007. The nomenclature of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Gramineae). Taxon
56(3):941-946.
*bicolor (Linnaeus) Moench subsp. bicolor [Allred 2005; M&H]
sorghum, milo
Holcus bicolor Linnaeus
Sorghum vulgare Persoon
*bicolor (Linnaeus) Moench subsp. drummondii (Nees ex Steudel) deWet ex Davidse
[Allred 2005]
Sudan grass
Sorghum drummondii Nees ex Steudel
Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf
drummondii Nees ex Steudel = Sorghum bicolor (Linnaeus) Moench subsp. drummondii (Nees ex
Steudel) deWet ex Davidse
*halepense (Linnaeus) Persoon [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Johnsongrass
Holcus halepensis Linnaeus
sudanense (Piper) Stapf = Sorghum bicolor (Linnaeus) Moench subsp. drummondii (Nees ex
Steudel) deWet ex Davidse
vulgare Persoon = Sorghum bicolor (Linnaeus) Moench subsp. bicolor
Spartina cordgrass
Mobberley, D.G. 1956. Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Spartina. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 30:471-574.
gracilis Trinius [Allred 2005; M&H]
alkali cordgrass
pectinata Bosc ex Link [Allred 2005]
prairie cordgrass
Sphenopholis wedgescale
Erdman, K.S. 1965. Taxonomy of the genus Sphenopholis (Gramineae). Iowa State J. Sci. 39:289-336.
intermedia (Rydberg) Rydberg [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
slender wedgescale
Eatonia intermedia Rydberg
Spenopholis obtusata (Michaux) Scribner var. major (Torrey) Erdman
Sphenopholis pallens sensu W&S
Sphenopholis pennsylvanica sensu W&S
obtusata (Michaux) Scribner [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
prairie wedgescale
Aira obtusata Michaux
Sphenopholis robusta (Vasey) Heller
obtusata (Michaux) Scribner var. major (Torrey) Erdman = Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydberg)
Rydberg
pallens sensu W&S = Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydberg) Rydberg
pennsylvanica sensu W&S = Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydberg) Rydberg
robusta (Vasey) Heller = Sphenopholis obtusata (Michaux) Scribner
Sporobolus dropseed
Jones, E.K. & N.C. Fassett. 1950. Subspecific variation in Sporobolus cryptandrus. Rhodora 52:125-126.
Kartesz, J.T. & K.N. Gandhi. 1995. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora. XIV. Phytologia 78(1):1-17.

546
 Riggins, R. 1977. A biosystematic study of the Sporobolus asper complex (Gramineae). Iowa State J. Res. 51:287-
321.
airoides (Torrey) Torrey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
alkali sacaton
Agrostis airoides Torrey
airoides (Torrey) Torrey var. wrightii (Scribner) Gould = Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex Scribner
arenaceus Buckley = Muhlenbergia arenacea (Buckley) A.S. Hitchcock
asper (Beauvois) Kunth = Sporobolus compositus (Poiret) Merrill
asperifolius (Nees & Meyer ex Trinius) Thurber = Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyer ex
Trinius) Parodi
auriculatus Vasey = Muhlenbergia arenacea (Buckley) A.S. Hitchcock
compositus (Poiret) Merrill [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
tall dropseed
Agrostis composita Poiret
Sporobolus asper (Beauvois) Kunth
confusus auctores = Muhlenbergia minutissima (Steudel) Swallen
contractus A.S. Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
spike dropseed
Sporobolus strictus Merrill
coromandelianus (Retzius) Kunth : This name is being applied to Sporobolus pyramidatus
(Lamarck) A.S. Hitchcock by some authors; awaits verification of nomenclatural
status.
cryptandrus (Torrey) Gray [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
sand dropseed
Agrostis cryptandra Torrey
flexuosus (Thurber ex Vasey) Rydberg [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
mesa dropseed
Vilfa cryptandra (Torrey) Torrey ex Trinius var. flexuosa Thurber ex Vasey
giganteus Nash [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
giant dropseed
heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray [Allred 2005]
prairie dropseed
Vilfa heterolepis A. Gray
nealleyi Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
gypgrass
*neglectus Nash [Allred 2005; M&H]
puffsheath dropseed
pulvinatus Swallen = Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lamarck) A.S. Hitchcock
pyramidatus (Lamarck) A.S. Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H]
whorled dropseed
Agrostis pyramidata Lamarck
Sporobolus pulvinatus Swallen
repens Presl = Muhlenbergia repens (Presl) A.S. Hitchcock
strictus Merrill = Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchcock
texanus Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Texas dropseed
thurberi Scribner = Muhlenbergia thurberi (Scribner) Rydberg
*vaginiflorus (Torrey ex Gray) Wood [Allred 2005; M&H]
poverty dropseed
Vilfa vaginiflora Torrey ex Gray
wrightii Munro ex Scribner [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
giant sacaton
Sporobolus airoides (Torrey) Torrey var. wrightii (Scribner) Gould
*Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze (St. Augustinegrass) : Included by Allred (2005) only as an
ornamental lawn grass and not known to escape.
Steinchisma hians (Elliott) Nash = Panicum hians Elliott
Stipa arida Jones = Achnatherum aridum (Jones) Barkworth

547
 bloomeri Bolander = Achnatherum ×bloomeri (Bolander) Barkworth
columbiana of NM authors = Achnatherum perplexum Hoge & Barkworth
comata Trinius & Ruprecht s.s. = Hesperostipa comata (Trinius & Ruprecht) Barkworth subsp.
comata
comata Trinius & Ruprecht var. intermedia Scribner & Tweedy = Hesperostipa comata (Trinius &
Ruprecht) Barkworth subsp. intermedia (Scribner & Tweedy) Barkworth
curvifolia Swallen = Achnatherum curvifolium (Swallen) Barkworth
eminens Cavanilles = Achnatherum eminens (Cavanilles) Barkworth
fimbriata Kunth = Piptochaetium fimbriatum (Kunth) Hitchcock
hymenoides Roemer & Schultes = Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & Schultes) Barkworth
lettermanii Vasey = Achnatherum lettermanii (Swallen) Barkworth
lobata Swallen = Achnatherum lobatum (Swallen) Barkworth
minor sensu NM authors = Achnatherum perplexum Hoge & Barkworth
mormonum Mez = Achnatherum aridum (Jones) Barkworth
nelsonii Scribner subsp. dorei Barkworth & Maze sensu stricto : Reported by Allred (1993), but not
occurring in NM; replaced in NM by Achnatherum perplexum Hoge & Barkworth.
neomexicana (Thurber ex Coulter) Scribner = Hesperostipa neomexicana (Thurber) Barkworth
pennata Linnaeus var. neo-mexicana Thurber ex Coulter = Hesperostipa neomexicana (Thurber)
Barkworth
perplexa (Hoge & Barkworth) J. Wipff & S.D. Jones = Achnatherum perplexum Hoge & Barkworth
pringlei Beal = Piptochaetium pringlei (Beal) Parodi
robusta (Vasey) Scribner = Achnatherum robustum (Vasey) Barkworth
scribneri Vasey = Achnatherum scribneri (Vasey) Barkworth
spartea Trinius = Hesperostipa spartea (Trinius) Barkworth
speciosa Trinius & Ruprecht = Jarava speciosa (Trinius & Ruprecht) Peñailillo
tenuissima Trinius = Nassella tenuissima (Trinius) Barkworth
tweedyi Scribner = Hesperostipa comata (Trinius & Ruprecht) Barkworth subsp. intermedia
(Scribner & Tweedy) Barkworth
vaseyi Scribner = Achantherum robustum (Vasey) Barkworth
viridula Trinius = Nassella viridula (Trinius) Barkworth
viridula Trinius var. robusta Vasey = Achnatherum robustum (Vasey) Barkworth
×Stiporyzopsis bloomeri (Bolander) B.L. Johnson = Achnatherum ×bloomeri (Bolander) Barkworth
Syntherisma sanguinale (Linnaeus) Dulac = Digitaria sanguinalis (Linnaeus) Scopoli
Thinopyron elongatum (Host) Barkworth & Dewey = Elymus elongatus (Host) Runemark
intermedium (Host) Barkworth & Dewey = Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Melderis
ponticum (Podpĕra) Barkworth & Dewey = Elymus elongatus (Host) Runemark subsp. ponticus
(Podpĕra) Melderis
Torreyochloa mannagrass
Church, G.L. 1952. The genus Torreyochloa. Rhodora 54:197-200.
Clausen, R.T. 1952. Suggestion for the assignment of Torreyochloa to Puccinellia. Rhodora 54:42-45.
Davis, J.I. 1991. A note on North American Torreyochloa (Poaceae) including a new combination. Phytologia 70:361-
365.
pallida (Torrey) Church var. pauciflora (J.S. Presl) J.I. Davis [Allred 2005; M&H]
weak mannagrass
Glyceria pauciflora Presl
Puccinellia pauciflora (J. Presl) Munz
Torreyochloa pauciflora (Presl) Church
pauciflora (Presl) Church = Torreyochloa pallida (Torrey) Church var. pauciflora (J.S. Presl) J.I
Davis
Trachypogon crinkle-awn
montufari sensu W&S = Trachypogon secundus (Presl) Scribner
secundus (Presl) Scribner [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
crinkle-awn
Heteropogon secundus Presl
Trachypogon montufari sensu W&S
Tragus burgrass
Anton, A.M. 1981. The genus Tragus (Gramineae). Kew Bull. 36(1):55-61.
Reeder, J.R. & C. Reeder. 1978. Tragus racemosus in Arizona. Madroño 25:107-108.
*berteronianus Schultes [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
spike burgrass

548
 Nazia aliena auctores
racemosus (Linnaeus) Allioni : Reported by M&H, Hitchcock & Chase (1951), and Campbell &
Little (1935), but no validating specimens have been located in any of the state’s
herbaria or at US.
Trichachne californica (Bentham) Chase = Digitaria californica (Bentham) Henrard
Trichloris false-Rhodesgrass
crinita (Lagasca) Parodi [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
false-Rhodesgrass
Chloris crinita Lagasca
Trichloris fasciculata Fournier
fasciculata Fournier = Trichloris crinita Lagasca
Tricuspis mutica Torrey = Tridens muticus (Torrey) Nash
Tridens tridens
Tateoka, T. 1961. A biosystematic study of Tridens (Gramineae). Amer. J. Bot. 48:565-573.
Valdés-R. & S.L. Hatch. 1997. A revision of Erioneuron and Dasyochloa (Poaceae: Eragrostideae). Sida 17(4):645-
666.
albescens (Vasey) Wooton & Standley [Allred 2005; M&H]
white tridens
Triodia albescens Vasey
avenaceus (Kunth) Hitchcock = Erioneuron avenaceum (Kunth) Tateoka
elongatus (Buckley) Nash = Tridens muticus (Torrey) Nash var. elongatus (Buckley) Shinners
*eragrostoides (Vasey & Scribner) Nash [Allred 2005]
lovegrass tridens
Triodia eragrostoides Vasey & Scribner
*flavus (Linnaeus) A.S. Hitchcock [Allred 2005; M&H]
purpletop
Poa flava Linnaeus
grandiflorus (Vasey) Wooton & Standley = Erioneuron avenaceum (Kunth) Tateoka
muticus (Torrey) Nash var. elongatus (Buckley) Shinners [Allred 2005; M&H]
rough tridens
Tridens elongatus (Buckley) Nash
Triodia elongata (Buckley) Scribner
Uralepis elongata Buckley
muticus (Torrey) Nash var. muticus [Allred 2005; M&H]
slim tridens
Tricuspis mutica Torrey
Triodia mutica (Torrey) Scribner
nealleyi (Vasey) Wooton & Standley = Erioneuron nealleyi (Vasey) Gould
pilosus (Buckley) Hitchcock = Erioneuron pilosum (Buckley) Nash
pulchellus (Kunth) Hitchcock = Dasyochloa pulchella (Kunth) Willdenow ex Rydberg
Triodia albescens Vasey = Tridens albescens (Vasey) Wooton & Standley
avenacea Kunth = Erioneuron avenaceum (Kunth) Tateoka
elongata (Buckley) Scribner = Tridens muticus (Torrey) Nash var. elongatus (Buckley) Shinners
eragrostoides Vasey & Scribner = Tridens eragrostoides (Vasey & Scribner) Nash
grandiflora Vasey = Erioneuron avenaceum (Kunth) Tateoka
mutica Torrey = Tridens muticus (Torrey) Nash var. muticus
nealleyi Vasey = Erioneuron nealleyi (Vasey) Tateoka
pilosa (Buckley) Merrill = Erioneuron pilosum (Buckley) Nash
pulchella Kunth = Dasyochloa pulchella (Kunth) Willdenow ex Rydberg
Triplasis sandgrass
Hatch, S.L. 1977. New grass distribution records for New Mexico and the United States. Great Basin Naturalist
37(4):530-531. [Triplasis purpurea]
purpurea (Walter) Chapman [Allred 2005; Hatch 1977; M&H]
purple sandgrass
Aira purpurea Walter
Tripsacum gamagrass
DeWet, J.M.J., D.E. Brink, & C.E. Cohen. 1983. Systematics of Tripsacum section Fasciculata (Gramineae). Amer. J.
Bot. 70:1139-1146.
DeWet, J.M.J., J.R. Gray, & J.R. Harlan. 1976. Systematics of Tripsacum (Gramineae). Phytologia 33(3):203-227.

549
 lanceolatum Ruprecht ex Fournier [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Mexican gamagrass
Trisetum trisetum
Finot, V.L., P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng, & F.O. Zuloaga. 2005. A revision of Trisetum and Graphephorum (Poaceae:
Pooideae: Aveninae) in North America north of Mexico. Sida 21(3):1419-1453.
Hultén, E. 1959. The Trisetum spicatum complex. Sv. Bot. Tidskr. 53:203-228.
Randall, J.L. & K.W. Hilu. 1986. Biosystematic studies of North American Trisetum spicatum (Poaceae). Syst. Bot.
11:567-578.
Rumely, J.H. 2007. Trisetum, p. 744-753. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 24. Oxford University Press.
canescens Buckley : Reported by Rumely (2007) for Colfax County, but no NM specimens seen;
awaits verification.
flavescens (Linnaeus) Beauvois : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
interruptum Buckley [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
prairie trisetum
montanum Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Rocky Mountain trisetum
Trisetum spicatum (Linnaeus) Richter subsp. montanum (Vasey) Weber
purpurascens Torrey = Schizachne purpurascens (Torrey) Swallen
spicatum (Linnaeus) Richter [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
spike trisetum, spike oats
Aira spicata Linnaeus
spicatum (Linnaeus) Richter subsp. montanum (Vasey) Weber = Trisetum montanum Vasey
subspicatum (Linnaeus) Beauvois var. muticum Bolander = Trisetum wolfii Vasey
wolfii Vasey [Allred 2005; M&H]
Wolf’s trisetum
Graphephorum wolfii (Vasey) Vasey ex Coulter
Trisetum subspicatum (Linnaeus) Beauvois var. muticum Bolander
×Triticosecale triticale
Allred, K.W. 2002. Rye, wheat, triticale, and barley. The New Mexico Botanist 22:5-6.
Baum, B.R. & P.K. Gupta. 1990. Taxonomic examination of Triticale (×Triticosecale). Can. J. Bot. 68:1889-1893.
The name ×Triticosecale refers to artificial hybrids of Triticum × Secale, but there is no valid
specific epithet for this entity. This is a rather common, though non-persistent, waif
of agriculture.
Triticum wheat
Allred, K.W. 2002. Rye, wheat, triticale, and barley. The New Mexico Botanist 22:5-6.
Baum, B.R. & P.K. Gupta. 1990. Taxonomic examination of Triticale (×Triticosecale). Can. J. Bot. 68:1889-1893.
Briggle, L.W. & L.P. Reitz. 1963. Classification of Triticum species and of wheat varieties grown in the United States.
USDA Tech. Bull. 1278. 135 pp.
Bowden, W.M. 1962. Cytotaxonomy of the native and adventive species of Hordeum, Eremopyrum, Secale, Sitanion,
and Triticum in Canada. Can. J. Bot. 40:1675-1711.
Gupta, P.K. & B.R. Baum. 1986. Nomenclature and related taxonomic issues in wheats, triticales and some of their
wild relatives. Taxon 35(1):144-149.
*aestivum Linnaeus [Allred 2005; M&H]
wheat
cylindricum (Host) Cesati = Aegilops cylindrica Host
elongatum Host = Elymus elongatum (Host) Runemark
fragile Roth = Agropyron fragile (Roth) P. Candargy
ponticum Podpĕra = Elymus elongatus (Host Runemark subsp. ponticus (Podpĕra) Melderis
repens Linnaeus = Elymus repens (Linnaeus) Gould
subsecundum Link = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners subsp. subsecundus (Link) A.
& D. Löve
trachycaulum Link = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners subsp. trachycaulus
violaceum Hornemann = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners subsp. violaceus
(Hornemann) A. & D. Löve
Uniola stricta Torrey = Distichlis spicata (Linnaeus) Greene var. stricta (Torrey) Beetle
Urachne micrantha Trinius & Ruprecht = Piptatherum micranthum (Trinius & Ruprecht) Barkworth
Uralepis elongata Buckley = Tridens muticus (Torrey) Nash var. elongatus (Buckley) Shinners
pilosa Buckley = Erioneuron pilosum (Buckley) Nash
Urochloa signalgrass

550
 Hatch, S.L. 1977. New grass distribution records for New Mexico and the United States. Great Basin Naturalist
37(4):530-531. [Urochloa ciliatissima, Urochloa texana, U. panicoides]
Morrone, O. & F.O. Zuloaga. 1993. Sinopsis del genero Urochloa (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) para Mexico y
America Central. Darwiniana 32:59-75.
Spellenberg, R. 1978. New plant distribution records from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Madroño 25:169-170. [Urochloa panicoides]
Webster, R.D. 1988. Genera of the North American Paniceae (Poaceae: Panicoideae). Syst. Bot. 13(4):576-609.
Wipff, J.K., R.I. Lonard, S.D. Jones, & S.L. Hatch. 1993. The genus Urochloa (Poaceae: Paniceae) in Texas,
including one previously unreported species for the state. Sida 15:405-413.
arizonica (Scribner & Merrill) Morrone & Zuloaga [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
Arizona signalgrass
Brachiaria arizonica (Scribner & Merrill) S.T. Blake
Panicum arizonicum Scribner & Merrill
ciliatissima (Buckley) R.D. Webster [Allred 2005; Hatch 1977]
fringed signalgrass
Brachiaria ciliatissima (Buckley) Chase
Panicum ciliatissimum Buckley
fasciculata (Swartz) R.D. Webster = Urochloa fusca (Swartz) Hansen & Wunderlin
fusca (Swartz) Hansen & Wunderlin [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
browntop signalgrass
Brachiaria fasciculata (Swartz) Parodi
Panicum fasciculatum Swartz var. reticulatum (Torrey) Beal
Panicum fuscum Swartz
Urochloa fasciculata (Swartz) R.D. Webster
*panicoides Beauvois [Allred 2005; Hatch 1977]
liverseed grass
texana (Buckley) R.D. Webster [Allred 2005; Hatch 1977]
Texas signalgrass
Brachiaria texana (Buckley) S.T. Blake
Panicum texanum Buckley
Valota saccharata (Buckley) Chase = Digitaria californica (Bentham) Henrard
Vilfa asperifolia Nees & Meyer ex Trinius = Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyer ex Trinius) Parodi
cryptandra (Torrey) Torrey ex Trinius var. flexuosa Thurber ex Vasey = Sporobolus flexuosus
(Thurber ex Vasey) Rydberg
cuspidata Torrey ex Hooker = Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torrey ex Hooker) Rydberg
depauperata Torrey ex Hooker var. filiformis Thurber ex S. Watson = Muhlenbergia filiformis
(Thurber ex S. Watson) Rydberg
heterolepis A. Gray = Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray
ramulosa Kunth = Muhlenbergia ramulosa (Kunth) Swallen
richardsonis Trinius = Muhlenbergia richardsonis (Trinius) Rydberg
tricholepis Torrey = Blepharoneuron tricholepis (Torrey) Nash
vaginiflora Torrey ex Gray = Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torrey ex Gray) Wood
Vulpia sixweeks-fescue
Allred, K.W. 2008. Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydberg var. tenella (Willdenow) Fernald: The correct name for what
has been called Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydberg var. glauca (Nuttall) Fernald. Phytologia 90(3):414-415.
Darbyshire, S.J. & S.I. Warwick. 1992. Phylogeny of North American Festuca (Poaceae) and related genera using
chloroplast DNA restriction site variation. Can. J. Bot. 70:2415-2429.
Hatch, S.L. 1977. New grass distribution records for New Mexico and the United States. Great Basin Naturalist
37(4):530-531. [Vulpia myuros]
Lonard, R.I. & F.W. Gould. 1974. The North American species of Vulpia (Gramineae). Madroño 22:217-230.
Spellenberg, R., M. Mahrt & R. Brozka. 1991. Noteworthy collections, New Mexico. Madroño 38:298-301. [Vulpia
microstachys microstachys]
*bromoides (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray [Allred 2005]
brome sixweeks-fescue
Festuca bromoides Linnaeus
Festuca dertonensis (Allioni) Ascherson & Graebner
microstachys (Nuttall) Munro ex Bentham var. microstachys [Allred 2005]
small sixweeks-fescue
Festuca microstachys Nuttall

551
 microstachys (Nuttall) Munro ex Bentham var. pauciflora (Scribner ex Beal) Lonard &
Gould [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
small sixweeks-fescue
Festuca microstachys Nuttall var. pauciflora Scribner ex Beal
Festuca pacifica Piper
myuros (Linnaeus) C.C. Gmelin var. hirsuta Hackel = Vulpia myuros (Linnaeus) C.C. Gmelin forma
megalura (Nuttall) Stace & Cotton
*myuros (Linnaeus) C.C. Gmelin forma megalura (Nuttall) Stace & Cotton [Allred 2005;
M&H]
rattail sixweeks-fescue
Festuca megalura Nuttall
Vulpia myuros (Linnaeus) C.C. Gmelin var. hirsuta Hackel
*myuros (Linnaeus) C.C. Gmelin forma myuros [Allred 2005; Hatch 1977; M&H]
rattail sixweeks-fescue
Festuca myuros Linnaeus
Vulpia myuros (Linaeus) C.C. Gmelin var. myuros
myuros (Linaeus) C.C. Gmelin var. myuros = Vulpia myuros (Linnaeus) C.C. Gmelin forma myuros
octoflora (Walter) Rydberg var. glauca (Nuttall) Fernald = Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydberg var.
tenella (Willdenow) Fernald
octoflora (Walter) Rydberg var. tenella (Willdenow) Fernald [Allred 2005; M&H]
sixweeks-fescue
Festuca octoflora Walter var. glauca (Nuttall) Fernald
Festuca octoflora Walter var. tenella (Willdenow) Fernald
Festuca tenella Willdenow var. glauca Nuttall
Festuca tenella Willdenow var. tenella (autonym created by var. glauca; the autonym has
priority)
Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydberg var. glauca (Nuttall) Fernald
octoflora (Walter) Rydberg var. hirtella (Piper) Henrard [Allred 2005]
sixweeks-fescue
Festuca octoflora Walter subsp. hirtella Piper
octoflora (Walter) Rydberg var. octoflora [Allred 2005; M&H; W&S]
sixweeks-fescue
Festuca octoflora Walter var. octoflora
Zea corn
Doebley, J.F. & H.H. Iltis. 1980. Taxonomy of Zea (Gramineae). I. A subgeneric classification with key to taxa.
Amer. J. Bot. 67:982-993.
Iltis, H.H. & J.F. Doebley. 1980. Taxonomy of Zea (Gramineae). II. Subspecific categories in the Zea mays complex
and a generic synopsis. Amer. J. Bot. 67:994-1004.
*mays Linnaeus subsp. mays [Allred 2005]
corn, maize
*Zoysia japonica Steudel (Japanese zoysiagrass) : Included by Allred (2005) only as an ornamental lawn
grass and not known to escape.
*matrella (Linnaeus) Merrill (Manilla zoysiagrass) : Included by Allred (2005) only as an
ornamental lawn grass and not known to escape.
Zuloagaea bulbosum (Kunth) Bess = Panicum bulbosum Kunth

Family PONTEDERIACEAE
Horn, C. 2002. Pontederiaceae, pp. 37-46. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New York.
Rossati, T.J. 1987. The genera of Pontederiaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 68:35-71.
Heteranthera mud-plantain
Adams, T. 1998. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 7:6. [Heteranthera rotundifolia]
dubia (Jacquin) MacMillan : Reported as expected by M&H; awaits verification.
limosa (Swartz) Willdenow [Horn 2002; M&H; W&S]
blue mud-plantain
Pontederia limosa Swartz
limosa (Swartz) Willdenow var. rotundifolia Kunth = Heteranthera rotundifolia (Kunth) Grisebach
rotundifolia (Kunth) Grisebach [Adams 1998; Horn 2002]
round-leaf mud-plantain

552
 Heteranthera limosa (Swartz) Willdenow var. rotundifolia Kunth
Pontederia limosa Swartz = Heteranthera limosa (Swartz) Willdenow

Family POTAMOGETONACEAE
Potamogeton pondweed
Catling, P.M. & I. Dobson. 1985. The biology of Canadian weeds. 69. Potamogeton crispus L. Canad. J. Plant Sci.
65:655-668.
Correll, D.S. and H.B. Correll. 1972. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southwestern United States. Stanford Univ.
Press.
Haynes, R.R. 1974. A revision of North American Potamogeton subsection Pusilli (Potamogetonaceae). Rhodora
76:564-649.
Haynes, R.R. & C.B. Hellquist. 2000. Potamogetonaceae, p. 47-74. IN: Flora North America, vol. 22. Oxford
University Press. [Potamogeton pusillus pusillus]
McGrath, J. 2000. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Potamogeton alpinus]
McGrath, J. 2001. New plant distribution records. The New Mexico Botanist 19:3. [Potamogeton richardsonii]
Reznicek, A.A. & R.S.W. Bobbette. 1976. The taxonomy of Potamogeton subsection Hybridi in North America.
Rhodora 78:650-673.
Stuckey, R.L. 1979. Distributional history of Potamogeton crispus (curly pondweed) in North America. Bartonia
46:22-42.
Wiegleb, G. & Z. Kaplan. 1998. An account of the species of Potamogeton L. (Potamogetonaceae). Folia Geobotanica
33(3):241-316.
alpinus Balbis [McGrath 2000]
alpine pondweed
americanus Chamisso & Schlechtendal = Potamogeton nodosus Poiret
berchtoldii Fieber var. tenuissimus (Mertens & Koch) Fernald = Potamogeton pusillus Linnaeus var.
tenuissimus Mertens & Koch
*crispus Linnaeus [M&H]
curly pondweed
diversifolius Rafinesque [M&H]
water-thread pondweed
filiformis Persoon var. alpina (Blytt) Ascherson & Graebner = Stuckenia filiformis (Persoon) Börner
subsp. alpina (Blytt) R.R. Haynes, Les, & M. Kral
filiformis Persoon var. borealis (Rafinesque) St. John = Stuckenia filiformis (Persoon) Börner subsp.
alpina (Blytt) R.R. Haynes, Les, & M. Kral
filiformis Persoon var. macounii Morong = Stuckenia filiformis (Persoon) Börner subsp. alpina
(Blytt) R.R. Haynes, Les, & M. Kral
foliosus Rafinesque var. foliosus [M&H; W&S]
leafy pondweed
Potamogeton foliosus Rafinesque var. genuinus Fernald
Potamogeton foliosus Rafinesque var. macellus Fernald
foliosus Rafinesque var. genuinus Fernald = Potamogeton foliosus Rafinesque
foliosus Rafinesque var. macellus Fernald = Potamogeton foliosus Rafinesque
gramineus Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
grassy pondweed
Potamogeton gramineus Linnaeus var. typicus Ogden
Potamogeton gramineus Linnaeus var. maximus Morong
gramineus Linnaeus var. maximus Morong = Potamogeton gramineus Linnaeus
gramineus Linnaeus var. typicus Ogden = Potamogeton gramineus Linnaeus
illinoensis Morong [M&H]
Illinois pondweed
marinus Linnaeus forma alpinus Blytt = Stuckenia filiformis (Persoon) Borner subsp. alpina (Blytt)
R.R. Haynes
marinus Linnaeus var. occidentalis J.W. Robbins = Stuckenia filiformis (Persoon) Borner subsp.
occidentalis (J.W. Robbins) R.R. Haynes, Les, & M. Kral
natans Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
floating pondweed
nodosus Poiret [M&H; W&S]
long-leaf pondweed
Potamogeton americanus Chamisso & Schlechtendal
pectinatus Linnaeus = Stuckenia pectinata (Linnaeus) Börner

553
 pinnatum Walter = Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walter) pinnatum (Walter) Britton, Sterns, &
Poggenburg (Haloragaceae)
pusillus Linnaeus var. pusillus [Haynes & Hellquist 2000]
small pondweed
pusillus Linnaeus var. tenuissimus Mertens & Koch [Correll & Correll 1972; M&H]
small pondweed
Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieber var. tenuissimus (Mertens & Koch) Fernald
richardsonii (Bennett) Rydberg [McGrath 2001]
red-head pondweed
Stuckenia pondweed
Haynes, R.R. & C.B. Hellquist. 2000. Potamogetonaceae, p. 47-74. IN: Flora North America, vol. 22. Oxford
University Press.
Heil, K. 2007. Plant distribution reports [Stuckenia vaginata]. The New Mexico Botanist 39:7.
filiformis (Persoon) Börner subsp. alpina (Blytt) R.R. Haynes, Les, & M. Kral [Haynes &
Hellquist 2000; M&H]
thread-leaf pondweed
Potamogeton filiformis Persoon
Potamogeton filiformis Persoon var. borealis (Rafinesque) St. John
Potamogeton filiformis Persoon var. macounii Morong
Potamogeton marinus Linnaeus forma alpinus Blytt
filiformis (Persoon) Börner subsp. occidentalis (J.W. Robbins) R.R. Haynes, Les, & M.
Kral [Haynes & Hellquist 2000]
thread-leaf pondweed
Potamogeton marinus Linnaeus var. occidentalis J.W. Robbins
pectinata (Linnaeus) Börner [Haynes & Hellquist 2000; M&H; W&S]
sago pondweed
Potamogeton pectinata Linnaeus
vaginata Turczaninow [Heil 2007]
sheathing pondweed
Ruppia = see RUPPIACEAE
Zannichellia = see ZANNICHELLIACEAE

Family RUPPIACEAE
Haynes, R.R. 2000. Rupiaceae, p. 75-76. IN: Flora North America, vol. 22. Oxford University Press.
Buccaferrea cirrhosa Petagna = Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande
Ruppia ditch-grass
cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande [Haynes 2000; M&H]
spiral ditch-grass
Buccaferrea cirrhosa Petagna
Ruppia maritima of NM reports
maritima of NM reports = Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande

Family SPARGANIACEAE
Kaul, R.B. 2000. Sparganiaceae, p. 270-277. IN: Flora North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
Sparganium bur-reed
McGrath, J. 2000. Notes on Sparganium emersum and S. angustifolium. The New Mexico Botanist 15:5.
angustifolium Michaux [Kaul 2000; M&H]
narrow-leaf bur-reed
Sparganium multipedunculatum (Morong) Rydberg
emersum Rehmann [McGrath 2000]
emergent bur-reed
eurycarpum Engelmann ex Gray [Kaul 2000; M&H]
broad-fruit bur-reed
multipedunculatum (Morong) Rydberg = Sparganium multipedunculatum (Morong) Rydberg

Family THEMIDACEAE
Androstephium funnel-lily

554
 Pires, J.C. & J.L. Reveal. 2002. Androstephium, pp. 333. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University
Press, New York.
breviflorum S. Watson [M&H; Pires & Reveal 2002]
pink funnel-lily
Dichelostemma bluedicks
Pires, J.C. 2002. Dichelostemma, pp. 328-331. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New
York.
Ry, B. 1996. Development of ovule, embryo sac, and endosperm in Dipterostemon and Dichelostemma (Alliaceae)
relative to taxonomy. Amer. J. Bot. 83(6):790-801.
capitatum (Bentham) Wood subsp. capitatum : Reported by Kartesz (1999) without documentation;
awaits verification.
capitatum (Bentham) Wood subsp. pauciflorum (Torrey) G. Keator [M&H; Pires 2002;
W&S]
bluedicks
Brodiaea capitata Bentham var. pauciflora Torrey (Alliaceae)
Dichelostemma pauciflorum (Torrey) Standley
Dichelostemma pulchellum (Salisbury) Heller var. pauciflorum (Torrey) Hoover
Dipterostemon pauciflorus (Torrey) Rydberg
pauciflorum (Torrey) Standley = Dichelostemma capitatum (Bentham) Wood subsp. pauciflorum
(Torrey) G. Keator
pulchellum (Salisbury) Heller var. pauciflorum (Torrey) Hoover = Dichelostemma capitatum
(Bentham) Wood subsp. pauciflorum (Torrey) G. Keator
Dipterostemon pauciflorus (Torrey) Rydberg = Dichelostemma capitatum (Bentham) Wood subsp.
pauciflorum (Torrey) G. Keator
Milla Mexican-star
McNeal, D.W., Jr. 2002. Milla, pp. 346-347. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 26. Oxford University Press, New
York.
biflora Cavanilles [M&H; McNeal 2002; W&S]
Mexican-star

Family TYPHACEAE
Smith, S.G. 2000. Typhaceae, p.278-285. IN: Flora North America, vol. 22. Oxford University Press.
Typha cattail
Hotchkiss, N. 1949. Taxonomy and distribution of North American cat-tails. Amer. Midl. Natur. 41:237-254.
Spellenberg, R., R. Worthington, P. Knight, & R. Fletcher. 1986. Additions to the flora of New Mexico. Sida
11(4):455-470. [Typha domingensis]
*angustifolia Linnaeus [M&H; Smith 2000]
narrowleaf cattail
domingensis Persoon [Smith 2000; Spellenberg et al. 1986]
southern cattail
latifolia Linnaeus [M&H; Smith 2000; W&S]
broadleaf cattail

Family ZANNICHELLIACEAE
Haynes, R.R. & C.B. Hellquist. 2000. Zannichelliaceae, p. 84-85. IN: Flora North America, vol. 22. Oxford
University Press.
Zannichellia horned-pondweed
palustris Linnaeus [M&H; W&S]
horned-pondweed

555
 PART III: REFERENCE MATERIAL
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[Liliaceae]
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Allred, K.W. 1982. Paspalum distichum L. var.
indutum Shinners (Poaceae). Great Basin
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Allred, K.W. 1983. Systematics of the Bothriochloa
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Aristida purpurea complex (Gramineae).
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allochrous: halfmoon locoweed (var.
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Allred, K.W. 1993. Bromus, section Pnigma, in New
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Allred, K.W. 1996. New plant distribution records
(Centaurea diffusa, Chloris submutica,
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New Mexico Botanist 4:6. [Asteraceae,
Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Brassicaceae]
Allred, K.W. 1998. New plant distribution records
(Rumex pulcher). The New Mexico Botanist
7:6. [Polygonaceae]
Allred, K.W. 1998. New plant distribution records
(Catapodium rigidum). The New Mexico
Botanist 8:10. [Poaceae]
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records
(Bupleurum americanum). The New Mexico
Botanist 10:7. [Apiaceae]
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records
(Cotula australis, Daucosma laciniata). The
New Mexico Botanist 11:8. [Asteraceae,
Apiaceae]
Allred, K.W. 1999. New plant distribution records (60
reports in various families). The New
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Allred, K.W. 2000. New plant distribution records
(Carex planostachya). The New Mexico
Botanist 14:4. [Cyperaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2000. New plant distribution records
(Cyclospermum leptophyllum). The New
Mexico Botanist 15:7. [Apiaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2001. New plant distribution records
(Leymus cinereus). The New Mexico
Botanist 18:3. [Poaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2001. New plant distribution records
(Eragrostis frankii, Euphorbia
cyathophora). The New Mexico Botanist
19:3. [Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2001. New plant distribution records
(Nymphaea mexicana). The New Mexico
Botanist 20:8. [Nymphaeaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2002. New plant distribution records
(Myriophyllum aquaticum). The New
Mexico Botanist 21:2. [Haloragaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2002. Rye, wheat, triticale, and barley.
The New Mexico Botanist 22:5-6.
Allred, K.W. 2002. Bernardia (Euphorbiaceae) in
New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist
24:5.
Allred, K.W. 2002. Plant distribution reports
(Chamaesyce hirta, Talinum parvulum). The
New Mexico Botanist 24:7. [Euphorbiaceae,
Portulacaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2002. Identification and taxonomy of
Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) in New Mexico.
Desert Plants 18(2):26-32.
Allred, K.W. 2003. Plant distribution reports
(Lathyrus brachycalyx zionis). The New
Mexico Botanist 25:7. [Fabaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2003. Plant distribution reports
(Cladium californicum). The New Mexico
Botanist 26:7. [Cyperaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2003. Plant distribution reports
(Helictotrichon hookeri, Panicum alatum
alatum, P. alatum minus). The New Mexico
Botanist 28:8. [Poaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2004. Plant distribution reports (Briza
maxima). The New Mexico Botanist 29:7.
[Poaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2004. Plant distribution reports
(Gamochaeta rosacea). The New Mexico
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Allred, K.W. 2004. Datura (Solanaceae) in New
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Allred, K. 2004. Plant distribution reports
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Pedicularis bracteosa). The New Mexico
Botanist 31:1. [Caryophyllaceae, Poaceae,
Orobanchaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2005. Chenopodium in New Mexico.
The New Mexico Botanist 32:1-5.
[Chenopodiaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2005. A synopsis of Symphoricarpos
(Caprifoliaceae) in New Mexico. The New
Mexico Botanist 33:5-6.
Allred, K.W. 2005. Perennial Festuca (Gramineae) of
New Mexico. Desert Plants 21(2):3-12.
Allred, K.W. 2005. Plant distribution reports (Cirsium
arizonicum rothrockii, Gypsophila
scorzonerifolia, Rumex stenophyllus,
Paronychia pulvinata). The New Mexico
Botanist 33:7.
Allred, K.W. 2007. What’s in a name – Suckleya
suckleyana. The New Mexico Botanist 36:7.
Allred, K.W. 2007. Plant distribution reports
[Prunella vulgaris hispida]. The New
Mexico Botanist 37:7. [Lamiaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2007. Plant distribution reports
[Pennisetum villosum]. The New Mexico
Botanist 37:7. [Poaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2007. Plant distribution reports [Leymus
racemosus]. The New Mexico Botanist 37:7.
[Poaceae]
Allred, K.W. 2007. Ranunculus acris not known from
New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist
41:8.
Allred, K.W. 2008. Plant distribution reports
[Arabidopsis thaliana]. The New Mexico
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Allred, K.W. 2008. Plant distribution reports
[Pennisetum setaceum]. The New Mexico
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Allred, K.W. 2008. Vulpia octoflora (Walter)
Rydberg var. tenella (Willdenow) Fernald:
The correct name for what has been called
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Allred, K.W. & S. Johnson. 2003. A taxonomic
review of the tendril-bearing legumes
(Leguminosae) in New Mexico: II. Vicia.
The New Mexico Botanist 26:1-5.
Allred, K.W. & D.L. Anderson. 2002. New plant
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The New Mexico Botanist 21:2.
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Al-Shehbaz, I.A. & S.L. O'Kane. 2002. Lesquerella is
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603
 INDEX TO FAMILIES AND GENERA
Accepted family names are in UPPERCASE (family synonyms are in regular type,
without emphasis). Accepted genera are in bold-italic. Generic synonyms are in
faint-italic. Misapplied or unverified genera are in regular type (without emphasis).

Aegopogon, 498 AMARYLLIDACEAE, 466

Agalinus, 371 Amauria, 109
A Agastache, 333 Amauriopsis, 109
Abies, 84 AGAVACEAE, 462 Amblogyna, 90
Abronia, 352 Agave, 462 Ambrosia, 109
Abutilon, 345 Ageratina, 108 Ambrosiaceae, 106
Acacia, 282 Ageratum, 108 Amelanchier, 421
Acaciella, 282 Agoseris, 108 Amellus, 110
Acaciopsis, 283 Agrimonia, 420 Ammannia, 344
Acalypha, 273 Agropogon, 498 Ammocodon, 353
Acamptoclados, 497 Agropyron, 498 Ammoselinum, 94
ACANTHACEAE, 86 Agrostemma, 244 Amoreuxia, 198
Acanthochiton, 88 Agrostis, 499 Amorpha, 283
Acanthoxanthium, 106 Ailanthus, 446 Amphiachyris, 110
Acer, 440 Aira, 500 Amphilophis, 501
Aceraceae, 440 AIZOACEAE, 88 Amsinckia, 198
Acerates, 103 Albizia, 283 Amsonia, 101
Achaetogeron, 106 Alcea, 345 Amygdalaceae, 420
Achillea, 106 Alchemilla, 420 Amygdalus, 421
Achnatherum, 497 Alepidocalyx, 283 Anabasis, 252
Achroanthes, 491, 494 Aletes, 93 ANACARDIACEAE, 92
Achyranthes, 88 Alhagi, 283 Anacharis, 482
Achyropappus, 107 Aliciella, 389 Anacyclus, 110
Aciphyllaea, 107 Alisma, 464 Anagallis, 351
Acleisanthes, 352 ALISMATACEAE, 464 Anaphalis, 110
Acmispon, 283 Allenrolfea, 252 Ancistrocactus, 227, 234
Acnida, 88, 90 ALLIACEAE, 465 Andenostegia, 371
Aconitum, 411 Allionella, 353 Androcera, 446
Acosta, 107 Allionia, 353 Andropogon, 501
Acourtia, 107 Allium, 465 Andropus, 329
Acrolasia, 341 Allocarya, 198 Androsace, 409
Acroptilon, 107 Allowissadula, 345 Androstephium, 554
Acrostichum, 77 Almutaster, 109 Anemia, 441
Actaea, 411 Alnus, 197 Anemone, 412
Actinea, 107 Alopecurus, 501 Anemopsis, 441
Actinella, 107 Aloysia, 453 Angelica, 94
Actinomeris, 108 Alsinaceae, 244 Anisacanthus, 86
Acuan, 283 Alsine, 244 Anisantha, 502
Adelia, 358 Alsinopsis, 244 Anisolotus, 283, 303
Adenophyllum, 108 Alternanthera, 88 Anisophyllum, 273
Adiantum, 77 Althaea, 346 Anoda, 346
Adolphia, 418 Alyssum, 206 Anogra, 359
Adoxa, 87 AMARANTHACEAE, 88 Antennaria, 111
ADOXACEAE, 87 Amaranthus, 88 Anthemis, 112
Aegilops, 498 Amarella, 321 Anthephora, 502

604
ANTHERICACEAE, 466 ASPARAGACEAE, 467 Betula, 197
Anthericum, 466 Asparagus, 467 BETULACEAE, 197
Antheropeas, 112 ASPHODELACEAE, 467 Bidens, 119
Anthopogon, 321 Asphodelus, 467 Bigelovia, 120
Anthoxanthum, 502 Aspicarpa, 345 BIGNONIACEAE, 197
Anticlea, 489 ASPLENIACEAE, 73 Bilderdykia, 397
Antiphytum, 198 Asplenium, 73 Bistorta, 397
Antirrhinum, 379 Aster, 115 BIXACEAE, 198
Anulocaulis, 353 ASTERACEAE, 106 Blepharidachne, 505
Apacheria, 268 Astragalus, 284 Blepharipappus, 121
Apera, 502 Astrolepis, 78 Blepharoneuron, 505
Aphanostephus, 112 Astrophyllum, 435 Blitum, 254
Aphora, 273 Atamosco, 466 Boebera, 121
Aphyllon, 371 Atelophragma, 293 Boechera, 207
APIACEAE, 93 Atheropogon, 504 Boehmeria, 452
Apinus, 84 Athyriaceae, 73 Boerhavia, 354
Apium, 94 Athyrium, 73 Bogenhardia, 346
Aplopappus, 112 Atragene, 412 Boisduvalia, 360
APOCYNACEAE, 101 Atriplex, 252 Bolboschoenus, 469
Apocynum, 101 Aulospermum, 94 Bolophyta, 121
Apodanthera, 268 Avena, 504 Bommeria, 78
AQUIFOLIACEAE, 102 Avenula, 504 BORAGINACEAE, 198
Aquilegia, 412 Ayenia, 451 Bossekia, 421
Arabidopsis, 206 Azolla, 73 Bothriochloa, 505
Arabis, 207 AZOLLACEAE, 73 Botrychium, 76
Aragallus, 284 Bouchea, 453
Aralia, 102 Bouteloua, 506
ARALIACEAE, 102
B Bouvardia, 431
Arbutus, 271 Baccharis, 117 Bowlesia, 94
Arceuthobium, 457 Bacopa, 379 Boykinia, 441
Archemora, 94 Baeria, 118 Brachiaria, 507
Arctium, 112 Bahia, 118 Brachiolobos, 209
Arctostaphylos, 271 Baileya, 119 Brachyactis, 121
Arenaria, 244 Barbarea, 207 Brachyris, 121
Arethusa, 491 Barkleyanthus, 119 Brachystigma, 371
Argemone, 377 Barrattia, 119 Brassica, 209
Argentina, 421 Bartlettia, 119 BRASSICACEAE, 206
Argyrochosma, 77 Bartonia, 341 Brauneria, 121
Argythamnia, 274 Bassia, 254 Brayulinea, 90
Arida, 112 Batidophaca, 294 Brickellia, 121
Aristida, 502 Batis, 254 Brickelliastrum, 123
Aristolochia, 103 Batrachium, 412 Brittonastrum, 334
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE, Bebbia, 119 Briza, 507
103 Beckmannia, 505 Brizopyrum, 508
Armoracia, 207 BERBERIDACEAE, 196 Brodiaea, 466
Arnica, 113 Berberis, 196 BROMELIACEAE, 467
Arrhenatherum, 504 Bergia, 271 Bromopsis, 508
Artemisia, 113 Berlandiera, 119 Bromus, 508
Arundo, 504 Bernardia, 274 Broussonetia, 294
Asanthus, 115 Berteroa, 207 Buccaferrea, 554
ASCLEPIADACEAE, 103 Berthelotia, 119 Buchloe, 510
Asclepias, 103 Berula, 94 Buchnera, 371
Asclepiodora, 105 Besseya, 379 Buddleja, 227

605
BUDDLEJACEAE, 227 Caragana, 294 Chamaesaracha, 446
Bulbilis, 510 Cardamine, 209 Chamaesyce, 274
Bulbostylis, 123, 469 Cardaria, 210 Chamerion, 360
Bumelia, 441 Carduus, 123 Chaptalia, 125
Bupleurum, 94 Carex, 469 Chasmanthium, 511
Burrielia, 123, 161 Carlowrightia, 86 Cheilanthes, 78
Bursa, 209 Carminatia, 123 Cheiranthus, 210
Carpochaete, 123 Cheirinia, 210, 214
Carthamus, 123 Chelone, 380
C Carum, 94 CHENOPODIACEAE, 252
Cacalia, 123 CARYOPHYLLACEAE, Chenopodium, 254
CACTACEAE, 227 244 Chilopsis, 198
Cactus, 227 Caryopitys, 84 Chimaphila, 272
Caesalpinia, 294 Cassia, 294 Chironia, 322
Caesalpiniaceae, 282 Cassiaceae, 282 Chloracantha, 125
Calais, 123 Castilleja, 371 Chloris, 511
Calamagrostis, 510 Catabrosa, 511 Chloropyron, 373
Calamintha, 334 Catalpa, 197 Choisya, 435
Calamovilfa, 510 Catapodium, 511 Chondrilla, 125
Calandrinia, 406 Cathartolinum, 340 Chondrophylla, 322
Calceolaria, 456 Cathestecum, 511 Chondrosum, 512
Calibrachoa, 446 Caucalis, 94 Chorispora, 210
Calliandra, 294 Caulanthus, 210 Chorizanthe, 397
Calliopsis, 123 Caulinia, 482 Chrysactinia, 125
Callirhoë, 346 Ceanothus, 419 Chrysanthemum, 125, 162
Callisteris, 389 Cedronella, 334 Chrysocoma, 125
Callitrichaceae, 379 CELASTRACEAE, 251 Chrysoma, 125
Callitriche, 380 Celtis, 241 Chrysopsis, 125
Callitropsis, 82 Cenchrus, 511 Chrysothamnus, 126
Calochortaceae, 487 Centaurea, 124 Chylismia, 360
Calochortus, 488 Centauridium, 124 Cicendia, 322
Calophanes, 86 Centaurium, 321 Cichoriaceae, 106
Caltha, 412 Centunculus, 351 Cichorium, 128
Calycodon, 511 Cephalanthus, 432 Cicuta, 94
Calycoseris, 123 Cephalobembix, 124, 176 Cineraria, 128
Calylophus, 360 Cephalophora, 124 Cinna, 512
Calypso, 491 Cerastium, 245 Circaea, 361
Calyptocarpus, 123 Cerasus, 421 Cirsium, 128
Calyptridium, 406 Ceratocephala, 413 Cissus, 459
Calystegia, 263 Ceratochloa, 511 CISTACEAE, 261
Camelina, 209 Ceratoides, 254 Citrullus, 268
Camissonia, 360 CERATOPHYLLACEAE, Cladium, 475
Campanula, 240 251 Cladothrix, 90
CAMPANULACEAE, 240 Ceratophyllum, 251 Clappia, 130
CANNABACEAE, 241 Cercis, 294 Claytonia, 406
Cannabis, 241 Cercocarpus, 421 Clematis, 413
Cantua, 389 Cereus, 227 Clementsia, 266
Capnoides, 320 Cevallia, 341 CLEOMACEAE, 261
CAPPARACEAE, 242 Chaenactis, 124 Cleome, 261
CAPRIFOLIACEAE, 242 Chaetochloa, 511 Cleomella, 262
Capriola, 511, 513 Chaetopappa, 124 Clinopodium, 334
Capsella, 209 Chamaechaenactis, 125 Clitoria, 295
Capsicum, 446 Chamaecrista, 295 Clomena, 512

606
CLUSIACEAE, 262 Cotula, 132 D
Clypeola, 210 Cotyledon, 267
Cnemidophacos, 295 Covillea, 460 Dactylis, 513
Cnicus, 130 Cowania, 422 Dactyloctenium, 513
Cochlospermaceae, 198 Crassina, 132 Dactylophyllum, 389
Coelestina, 130 Crassula, 267 Dalea, 296
Coeloglossum, 491 CRASSULACEAE, 266 Danthonia, 513
Cogswellia, 95 Crataegus, 422 Daphnidostylis, 272
Coix, 512 Crepis, 132 Dasiphora, 422
Coldenia, 198 Cressa, 263 Dasylirion, 491
Coleogyne, 422 Crinitaria, 133 Dasyochloa, 513
Coleosanthus, 131 Critesion, 512 Dasystephana, 322
Collinsia, 380 CROSSOSOMATACEAE, Dasystoma, 374
Collomia, 389 268 Datura, 446
Cologania, 295 Crotalaria, 295 Daucosma, 97
Coloradoa, 227 Croton, 276 Daucus, 97
Colutea, 295 CRUCIFERAE, 206 Delphinium, 414
Comandra, 440 Crunocallis, 407 Delwiensia, 133
Commelina, 467 Crusea, 432 DENNSTAEDTIACEAE,
COMMELINACEAE, 467 Crypsis, 512 73
Commicarpus, 355 Cryptantha, 198 Deschampsia, 513
COMPOSITAE, 106 Cryptogramma, 79 Descurainia, 210
Conanthus, 329 Cucumis, 268 Desmanthus, 298
Condalia, 419 Cucurbita, 269 Desmazeria, 514
Conioselinum, 95, 98 CUCURBITACEAE, 268 Desmodium, 299
Conium, 95 Cuphea, 344 Deweya, 97
Conobea, 380 CUPRESSACEAE, 82 Dianthus, 246
Conoclinium, 131 Cupressus, 82 Diapedium, 86
Conopholis, 374 Cuscuta, 263 Diaperia, 133
Conringia, 210 Cuscutaceae, 263 Dichanthelium, 514
Consolida, 414 Cyclachaena, 133 Dichelostemma, 555
Convallaria, 468 Cyclanthera, 269 Dichondra, 264
CONVALLARIACEAE, Cycloloma, 257 Dichondraceae, 263
468 Cyclospermum, 95 Dichrophyllum, 277
CONVOLVULACEAE, 263 Cylindropuntia, 229 Dicliptera, 86
Convolvulus, 263 Cymbidium, 492 Dicoria, 133
Conyza, 131 Cymopterus, 95 Dicranocarpus, 134
Cooperia, 466 Cynanchum, 105 Dieteria, 134
Corallorhiza, 491 Cynoctonum, 344 Digitaria, 514
Cordylanthus, 374 Cynodon, 513 Diholcos, 300
Coreopsis, 131 Cynoglossum, 201 DILLENIACEAE, 270
Coriandrum, 95 Cynomarathrum, 97 Dimorphocarpa, 212
Corispermum, 257 Cynosurus, 513 Dinebra, 515
CORNACEAE, 266 Cynthia, 133 Diodia, 432
Cornus, 266 CYPERACEAE, 469 Diotis, 257
Coronilla, 295 Cyperus, 475 Dipetalia, 418
Coronopus, 210 Cyphomeris, 355 Diplachne, 515
Corrigiolaceae, 244 Cypripedium, 492 Diplotaxis, 212
Cortaderia, 512 Cyrtomium, 74 Diplothrix, 135
Corydalis, 321 Cyrtorhyncha, 414 Dipsacaceae, 242
Coryphantha, 227 Cystium, 296 Dipsacus, 242
Cosmos, 132 Cystopteris, 74 Dipterostemon, 555
Cottea, 512 Cytherea, 491, 492 Disaccanthus, 212

607
Discanthera, 269 Eleocharis, 478 Erysimum, 214
Disella, 346 Elephantella, 374 Erythemia, 144
Disporum, 488 Eleusine, 516 Erythraea, 322
Distasis, 135 Elionurus, 516 Erythrina, 300
Distegia, 242 Ellisia, 329 Erythronium, 488
Distichlis, 515 Elodea, 483 Eschenbachia, 144
Ditaxis, 277 Elyhordeum, 516 Eschscholtzia, 378
Dithyrea, 212 Elymotrigia, 516 Escobaria, 233
Dodecatheon, 410 Elymus, 516 Escobesseya, 234
Dolicholus, 300 Elyonurus, 519 Eucephalus, 144
Dondia, 257 Elytraria, 86 Eucrypta, 329
Donia, 135 Elytrigia, 519 Euklisia, 215
Draba, 212 Elytrospermum, 479 Eulophus, 97
Dracaenaceae, 462 Encelia, 135 Eupatorium, 144
Dracocephalum, 334 Engelmannia, 135 Euphorbia, 277
Dracopis, 135 Enneapogon, 519 EUPHORBIACEAE, 273
Drejera, 86 Enydria, 327 Euphrosyne, 144
Drosace, 410 Ephedra, 83 Euploca, 327
Drymaria, 246 EPHEDRACEAE, 83 Eurotia, 258
Drymocaulis, 422 Epicampes, 520 Eurybia, 144
Dryopetalon, 214 Epilobiaceae, 359 Eurytaenia, 97
DRYOPTERIDACEAE, 73 Epilobium, 361 Eustoma, 322
Dryopteris, 74 Epipactis, 492 Euthamia, 144
Dugaldea, 135 Epithelantha, 233 Eutoca, 329
Dyschoriste, 86 Epixiphium, 380 Eutrochium, 144
Dysphania, 258 EQUISETACEAE, 75 Evax, 144
Dyssodia, 135 Equisetum, 75 Evolvulus, 265
Eragrostis, 520 Exinia, 410
Eremocarya, 201 Eysenhardtia, 300
E Eremochloe, 521
Earleocassia, 300 Eremogone, 246
Eremopyrum, 521
F
Eatonia, 515
Echeandia, 466 Eremothera, 362 FABACEAE, 282
Echinacea, 135 Erianthus, 522 FAGACEAE, 319
Echinocactus, 230 Eriastrum, 389 Fagopyrum, 401
Echinocereus, 230 ERICACEAE, 271 Fallopia, 402
Echinochloa, 515 Ericameria, 136 Fallugia, 422
Echinocystis, 269 Erigeron, 138 Fendlera, 328
Echinodorus, 464 Erinus, 380 Fendlerella, 328
Echinomastus, 233 Eriocarpum, 143 Ferocactus, 234
Echinopepon, 269 Eriochloa, 522 Festuca, 522
Echinospermum, 201 Eriocoma, 522 Filaginopsis, 144
Echites, 102 Eriogonum, 397 Filago, 144
Echium, 201 Erioneuron, 522 Filix, 74
Eclipta, 135 Eriophorum, 479 Fimbristylis, 479
Eddya, 201 Eriophyllum, 143 Flaveria, 144
Edwinia, 328 Eritrichium, 201 Fleischmannia, 145
Egeria, 482 Erodium, 325 Flourensia, 145
ELAEAGNACEAE, 270 Eruca, 214 Foeniculum, 97
Elaeagnus, 270 Erucastrum, 214 Forestiera, 358
Elaterium, 269 Ervum, 300 Forsellesia, 268
ELATINACEAE, 271 Erxlebenia, 272 Fouquieria, 320
Elatine, 271 Eryngium, 97 FOUQUIERIACEAE, 320

608
Fragaria, 422 Gonolobus, 106 Helianthella, 150
Frangula, 419 Gonopyrum, 402 Helianthus, 150
Frankenia, 320 Goodyera, 492 Helictotrichon, 525
FRANKENIACEAE, 320 Gossypianthus, 91 Heliomeris, 152
Franseria, 145 GRAMINEAE, 496 Heliopsis, 152
Frasera, 322 Graphephorum, 525 HELIOTROPACEAE, 327
Fraxinus, 358 Graptopetalum, 267 Heliotropium, 327
Fritillaria, 488 Gratiola, 380 Helonias, 490
Froelichia, 90 Grayia, 258 Hemiachyris, 153
Fuirena, 480 Greggia, 215 Hemicarpha, 480
FUMARIACEAE, 320 Grindelia, 146 Hemiptilium, 153
Funastrum, 105 Grossularia, 326 Hendecandra, 280
GROSSULARIACEAE, 326 Heracleum, 97
Grusonia, 234 Herissantia, 346
G Guardiola, 144, 147 Herrickia, 153
Gaertneria, 145 Guilleminea, 91 Hesperaster, 341
Gaillardia, 145 GUNNERACEAE, 327 Hesperidanthus, 215
Galactia, 300 Gutierrezia, 147 Hesperis, 215
Galinsoga, 145 GUTTIFERAE, 262 Hesperochloa, 525
Galium, 432 Gymnocarpium, 74 Hesperocyparis, 82
Galpinsia, 362 Gymnogramma, 79 Hesperostipa, 525
Gamochaeta, 145 Gymnolomia, 148 Heteranthera, 552
Garrya, 321 Gymnopogon, 525 Heteropleura, 153
GARRYACEAE, 321 Gymnopteris, 79 Heteropogon, 526
Gaultheria, 272 Gymnosperma, 148 Heterosperma, 153
Gaura, 363 Gypsophila, 247 Heterotheca, 153
Gaurella, 364 Heterothrix, 215
Gayoides, 346 Heuchera, 442
H Hexalectris, 493
Gayophytum, 364
Gazania, 146 Habenaria, 493 Hibiscus, 346
Gentiana, 322 Hackelia, 201 Hieracium, 155
GENTIANACEAE, 321 Hackelochloa, 525 Hierochloe, 526
Gentianella, 323 Halenia, 324 Hilaria, 526
Gentianopsis, 324 Halerpestes, 415 Hippocastanaceae, 440
Geoprumnon, 300 Halimolobos, 215 Hippophaë, 270
GERANIACEAE, 325 Halogeton, 258 Hippuris, 380
Geranium, 325 HALORAGACEAE, 327 Hoffmannseggia, 301
Gerardia, 86, 374 Halostachys, 258 Holcus, 526
Gerbera, 146 Hamosa, 300 Holodiscus, 423
Geum, 423 Haploesthes, 149 Homalobus, 301
Gilia, 389 Haplopappus, 149 Homalocephalus, 234
Giliastrum, 391 Haplophyton, 102 Hopia, 526
Glandularia, 453 Harbouria, 97 Hordeum, 526
Glandulicactus, 234 Hartmannia, 364 Hornungia, 215
Glaux, 351 Hedeoma, 334 Hosackia, 301
Gleditsia, 300 Hedera, 102 Houstonia, 434
Glossopetalon, 268 Hederaceae, 102 Humulus, 242
Glyceria, 525 Hedosyne, 149 Huperzia, 75
Glycyrrhiza, 300 Hedyotis, 433 Hutchinsia, 215
Gnaphalium, 146 Hedypnois, 149 HYACINTHACEAE, 482
Gomphocarpus, 106 Hedysarum, 300 Hybanthus, 456
Gomphrena, 90 Heleniastrum, 149 Hydastylus, 483
Goniostachyum, 454 Helenium, 149 HYDRANGEACEAE, 328

609
Hydrastis, 415 J Lappula, 202
HYDROCHARITACEAE, Lapsana, 161
482 Jamesia, 328 Larrea, 460
Hydrocotyle, 97 Janusia, 345 Lasianthaea, 161
Hydrolea, 329 Jarava, 528 Lasiogyne, 280
HYDROPHYLLACEAE, Jatropha, 280 Lasthenia, 161
329 Jefea, 159 Lathyrus, 301
Hydrophyllum, 329 Jonesiella, 301 Lavauxia, 364
Hymenatherum, 155 JUGLANDACEAE, 332 Layia, 161
Hymenoclea, 156 Juglans, 332 Lechea, 261
Hymenopappus, 156 JUNCACEAE, 484 Leersia, 528
Hymenothrix, 156 JUNCAGINACEAE, 487 LEGUMINOSAE, 282
Hymenoxys, 157 Juncoides, 484 Leibnitzia, 161
Hyoscyamus, 447 Juncus, 484 Leiostemon, 380
Hyoseris, 158 Juniperaceae, 82 Lemna, 487
HYPERICACEAE, 332 Juniperus, 82 LEMNACEAE, 487
Hypericum, 332 Jussiaea, 364 LENTIBULARIACEAE,
Hypochaeris, 158 Justicia, 86, 567 340
Hypopitys, 272 Leontodon, 161
HYPOXIDACEAE, 483 Leonurus, 335
Hypoxis, 483
K Lepadenia, 281
Hystrix, 527 Kallstroemia, 460 Lepargyrea, 270
Keerlia, 159 Lepidiospartum, 161
Lepidium, 216
I Kelloggia, 434
Leptasea, 442
Koanophyllon, 159
Iberis, 215 Kobresia, 480 Leptilon, 161
Ibervillea, 269 Kochia, 258 Leptocaulis, 98
Ibidium, 493 Koeberlinia, 333 Leptochloa, 528
Ilex, 102 KOEBERLINIACEAE, 333 Leptodactylon, 393
Iliamna, 347 Koeleria, 528 Leptoglottis, 302
Illecebrum, 247 Krameria, 333 Leptoloma, 515, 529
Illysanthes, 380 KRAMERIACEAE, 333 Leptoseris, 161
Imperata, 527 Krascheninnikovia, 259 Leptosiphon, 393
Indigofera, 301 Krigia, 159 Leptosyne, 161
Inula, 158 Krynitzkia, 202 Lepturus, 529
Ionactis, 158 Kuhnia, 122, 159 Lespedeza, 302
Ionoxalis, 376 Kummerowia, 301 Lesquerella, 218
Ipomoea, 265 Kyllinga, 480 Leucaena, 302
Ipomopsis, 391 Leucampyx, 161
Iresine, 91 Leucanthemum, 162
IRIDACEAE, 483
L Leucelene, 162
Iris, 483 LABIATAE, 333 Leuciva, 162
Isanthus, 335 Lacinaria, 160 Leucocrinum, 467
Isatis, 216 Lactuca, 160 Leucophyllum, 445
Isnardia, 364 Laennecia, 160 Leucopoa, 529
Isocoma, 158 Lagurus, 528 Leucosyris, 162
ISOËTACEAE, 75 Lamarckia, 528 Levisticum, 98
Isoëtes, 75 LAMIACEAE, 333 Lewisia, 407
Isolepis, 480 Lamium, 335 Leymus, 529
Iva, 159 Lamphrophragma, 216 Liatris, 162
Ixora, 434 Lantana, 454 Lidia, 247
Laphamia, 161 Ligularia, 162
Lappa, 161 Ligusticella, 98

610
Ligusticum, 98 LYTHRACEAE, 344 Melia, 350
Ligustrum, 359 Lythrum, 344 MELIACEAE, 350
LILIACEAE, 487 Melica, 530
Lilium, 488 Melilotus, 307
Limnia, 407
M Melinis, 530
Limnorchis, 493 Macdougalia, 163 Melosmon, 336
Limonium, 388 Machaeranthera, 163 Menodora, 359
Limosella, 380 Maclura, 351 Menodoropsis, 359
LINACEAE, 340 Macrocalyx, 329 Mentha, 336
Linanthastrum, 393 Macromeria, 203 Menthaceae, 333
Linanthus, 393 Macroptilium, 306 Mentzelia, 341
Linaria, 380 Macrorhyncus, 165 MENYANTHACEAE, 350
Lindenia, 355 Macrosiphonia, 102 Menyanthes, 350
Lindernia, 381 Madia, 165 Merimea, 271
Linnaea, 242 Madronella, 336 Meriolix, 364
Linosyris, 162 Mahonia, 197 Mertensia, 203
Linum, 340 Maianthemum, 468 Mesadenia, 165
Lipocarpha, 480 Malaceae, 420 Micrampelis, 270
Lippia, 454 Malacothrix, 165 Micranthes, 443
Liquivitia, 303 Malaxis, 494 Microrhamnus, 419
Lisianthus, 324 Malcolmia, 218 Microseris, 165
Listera, 494 MALPIGHIACEAE, 345 Microsteris, 393
Lithophragma, 442 Malus, 424 Microstylis, 494
Lithospermum, 203 Malva, 347 Microthelys, 494
Lloydia, 489 MALVACEAE, 345 Milium, 531
LOASACEAE, 341 Malvastrum, 347 Milla, 555
Lobelia, 241 Malvella, 347 Mimosa, 307
Lobeliaceae, 240 Mammillaria, 234 Mimosaceae, 282
Lobularia, 218 Marah, 270 Mimosopsis, 308
Loeflingia, 247 Margaranthus, 447 Mimulus, 381
LOGANIACEAE, 344 Marilaunidium, 329 Minuartia, 247
Logfia, 162 Marina, 306 Mirabilis, 355
Lolium, 530 Mariosousa, 306 Miscanthus, 531
Lomatium, 98 Mariscus, 480 Mitella, 443
Lomatogonium, 324 Marrubium, 336 Mitreola, 344
Lonicera, 242 Marsilea, 76 Moehringia, 248
Lophopyrum, 530 MARSILEACEAE, 76 Moldavica, 336
Lophotocarpus, 464 Martynia, 379 Molina, 166
Lorandersonia, 162 Martyniaceae, 379 MOLLUGINACEAE, 350
LORANTHACEAE, 344 Maruta, 165 Mollugo, 351
Lotus, 303 Matelea, 106 Momordica, 270
Lowellia, 163 Matricaria, 165 Monarda, 336
Ludwigia, 364 Matthiola, 218 Monardella, 337
Lupinus, 303 Maurandella, 381 Monechma, 86
Luzula, 486 Maurandya, 381 Moneses, 272
Lychnis, 247, 249 Mecardonia, 381 Monniera, 382
Lycium, 447 Medicago, 306 Monnina, 396
LYCOPODIACEAE, 75 Megarrhiza, 270 Monolepis, 259
Lycopodium, 75 Megastachya, 530 Monotropa, 272
Lycopus, 336 Meibomia, 307 Monotropaceae, 271
Lycurus, 530 Melampodium, 165 Monroa, 531
Lygodesmia, 163 Melandrium, 247 Montia, 407
Lysimachia, 351 MELANTHIACEAE, 489 MORACEAE, 351

611
Morocarpus, 259 Nyctelea, 330 Oxytropis, 308
Morongia, 308 Nymphaea, 358
Mortonia, 251 NYMPHAEACEAE, 358
Morus, 351
P
Muhlenbergia, 531 Pachistima, 251
Munroa, 534
O
Pachylophus, 371
Muscari, 482 Obeliscaria, 166 Pachypodium, 219
Musineon, 98 Obione, 259 Pachystigma, 251
Mutisiaceae, 106 Odostemon, 197 Pachystima, 251
Myagrum, 219 Oedera, 166 Packera, 166
Myosotis, 204 Oenothera, 364 Padus, 424
Myosurus, 415 Oldenlandia, 435 Pagesia, 382
Myriophyllum, 327 OLEACEAE, 358 Palafoxia, 168
MYRSINACEAE, 351 Oligomeris, 418 Panicularia, 534
Myzorrhiza, 374 Oligoneuron, 166 Panicum, 535
Onagra, 371 Papaver, 378
N ONAGRACEAE, 359 PAPAVERACEAE, 377
Onobrychis, 308 Pappophorum, 537
Naias, 483 Onopordum, 166 Pappostipa, 537
Najadaceae, 482 Onosmodium, 205 Parietaria, 452
Najas, 483 OPHIOGLOSSACEAE, 76 Parkinsonia, 309
Nama, 330 Ophioglossum, 76 Parnassia, 378
Nassella, 534 Ophrys, 494 PARNASSIACEAE, 378
Nasturtium, 219 Oplotheca, 91 Paronychia, 248
Navarretia, 394 Opulaster, 424 Parosela, 309
Nazia, 534 Opuntia, 236 Parrasia, 220
Neeragrostis, 534 ORCHIDACEAE, 491 Parryella, 309
Negundo, 441 Orchis, 494 Parthenice, 169
Nemacladus, 241 Orelirion, 483 Parthenium, 169
Nemoseris, 166 Oreobatus, 424 Parthenocissus, 459
Neobessya, 235 Oreobroma, 407 Pascopyrum, 537
Neocupressus, 83 Oreocarya, 205 Paspalum, 537
Neokochia, 259 Oreochrysum, 166 Passiflora, 378
Neolloydia, 236 Oreoxis, 98 PASSIFLORACEAE, 378
Neoparrya, 98 Ornithogalum, 466 Pastinaca, 99
Nepeta, 337 OROBANCHACEAE, 371 Pectis, 169
Nerisyrenia, 219 Orobanche, 374 Pectocarya, 205
Nesaea, 344 Orogenia, 99 PEDALIACEAE, 378
Nicolletia, 166 Orthilia, 272 Pedicularis, 375
Nicotiana, 447 Orthocarpus, 375 Pediocactus, 239
Nitrophila, 259 Oryzopsis, 534 Pediomelum, 309
Noccaea, 219 Osmorhiza, 99 Peganum, 460
Nolina, 491 Osmunda, 77 Pellaea, 80
NOLINACEAE, 490 OSMUNDACEAE, 76 Peniocereus, 239
Norta, 219 Osteospermum, 166 Pennellia, 220
Nothocalais, 166 Ostyra, 197 Pennisetum, 538
Notholaena, 79 Othake, 166 Penstemon, 382
Nothoscordum, 466 OXALIDACEAE, 376 Pentagramma, 80
Nuphar, 358 Oxalis, 376 Pentaphylloides, 422, 424
Nuttallanthus, 382 Oxybaphus, 357 Pentzia, 169
Nuttallia, 343 Oxypolis, 99 Pepo, 270
NYCTAGINACEAE, 352 Oxyria, 402 Peramium, 494
Nyctaginea, 357 Oxytenia, 166 Peraphyllum, 424

612
Perezia, 169 Piptochaetium, 539 POTAMOGETONACEAE,
Pericome, 169 Pisophaca, 311 553
Perideridia, 99 Pityrogramma, 80 Potentilla, 424
Peritoma, 262 Plagiobothrys, 205 Poterium, 427
Perityle, 170 PLANTAGINACEAE, 379 Prenanthella, 172
Persicaria, 402 Plantago, 386 Prenanthes, 172
Petalostemon, 310 PLATANACEAE, 388 Primula, 410
Peteria, 310 Platanthera, 495 PRIMULACEAE, 409
Petradoria, 170 Platanus, 388 Prionopsis, 172
Petrophytum, 424 Platyschkuhria, 171 Proatriplex, 259
Petunia, 448 Plectocephalus, 171 Proboscidea, 379
Peucedanum, 99 Pleopeltis, 77 Prosartes, 489
Phaca, 310 Pleopogon, 539 Prosopis, 312
Phacelia, 330 Pleuraphis, 539 Prunella, 337
Phacopsis, 311 Pleurogyne, 324 Prunus, 427
Phalaris, 538 Pleurophragma, 221 Psacalium, 172
Phalaroides, 538 Pluchea, 171 Psathrostachys, 542
Phanerophlebia, 74 PLUMBAGINACEAE, 388 Psathyrotes, 172
Pharbitis, 266 Plummera, 172 Psathyrotopsis, 172
Pharnaceum, 351 Poa, 540 Pseudoclappia, 172
Phaseolus, 311 POACEAE, 496 Pseudocymopterus, 100
Phellopterus, 99 Podagrostis, 542 Pseudognaphalium, 172
Phemeranthus, 407 Podistera, 99 Pseudopteryxia, 100
Philadelphus, 328 Podosemum, 542 Pseudoroegneria, 542
Philibertella, 106 Podospermum, 172 Pseudostellaria, 248
Philotria, 483 Podostemma, 106 Pseudotsuga, 85
Phleum, 538 Poinciana, 312 Psilactis, 173
Phlox, 394 Poinsettia, 281 Psilostrophe, 173
Phoradendron, 458 Polanisia, 262 Psoralea, 312
Phragmites, 538 POLEMONIACEAE, 388 Psoralidium, 312
Phyla, 454 Polemonium, 395 Psorothamnus, 313
Phyllanthaceae, 273 Poliomintha, 337 Ptelea, 435
Phyllanthus, 281 Polygala, 396 PTERIDACEAE, 77
Phyllostachys, 539 POLYGALACEAE, 396 Pteridium, 73
Phymosia, 347 POLYGONACEAE, 397 Pteris, 80
Physalis, 448 Polygonatum, 468 Pterospora, 273
Physaria, 220 Polygonella, 403 Pterostegia, 404
Physocarpus, 424 Polygonum, 403 Pteryxia, 100
Physostegia, 337 Polypappus, 172 Ptilocalyx, 206
Phytolacca, 379 POLYPODIACEAE, 77 Ptiloria, 174
PHYTOLACCACEAE, 379 Polypodium, 74, 77 Puccinellia, 543
Picea, 84 Polypogon, 542 Pulsatilla, 415
Picradenia, 170 Polypteris, 172 Purshia, 428
Picradeniopsis, 171 Polystichum, 74 Pyracantha, 428
Picrothamnus, 171 Polytaenia, 100 Pyrola, 273
Pilostyles, 411 Pomaria, 312 Pyrolaceae, 271
Pimpinella, 99 Pontederia, 553 Pyrrhopappus, 174
PINACEAE, 84 PONTEDERIACEAE, 552 Pyrrocoma, 174
Pinaropappus, 171 Populus, 436 Pyrus, 428
Pinguiculaceae, 340 Porophyllum, 172
Pinus, 84 Portulaca, 408
Piperia, 494 PORTULACACEAE, 406
Q
Piptatherum, 539 Potamogeton, 553 Quamoclidion, 357

613
Quamoclit, 266 Rydbergiella, 313 Schmaltzia, 93
Quercus, 319 Schoenocaulon, 490
Quincula, 449 Schoenocrambe, 223
S Schoenoplectus, 480
Sabatia, 324 Schoenus, 481
R Schrammia, 313
Sabina, 83
Radicula, 221 Saccharum, 543 Schrankia, 313
RAFFLESIACEAE, 411 Sageretia, 420 Scirpus, 481
Rafinesquia, 174 Sagina, 248 Sclerocactus, 239
Raimannia, 371 Sagittaria, 464 Sclerochloa, 544
Ramischia, 273 Salazaria, 337 Scleropoa, 544
RANUNCULACEAE, 411 SALICACEAE, 436 Scleropogon, 544
Ranunculus, 415 Salicornia, 259 Scorzonera, 176
Raphanus, 222 Salix, 437 Scrophularia, 445
Rapistrum, 222 Salomonia, 469 SCROPHULARIACEAE,
Ratibida, 174 Salpichroa, 449 444
Rayjacksonia, 175 Salsola, 259 Scutellaria, 339
Razoumofskya, 459 Salvia, 337 Secale, 544
Redfieldia, 543 Salvinia, 81 Securigera, 313
Relbunium, 435 SALVINIACEAE, 81 Sedum, 267
Reseda, 418 Sambucus, 87 Selaginella, 81
RESEDACEAE, 418 Samolus, 451 SELAGINELLACEAE, 81
Reverchonia, 281 Sanguisorba, 431 Selenia, 223
RHAMNACEAE, 418 Sanicula, 100 Selinocarpus, 357
Rhamnus, 419 SANTALACEAE, 440 Selinum, 100
Rhinanthus, 376 Sanvitalia, 175 Selloa, 176
Rhodiola, 267 SAPINDACEAE, 440 Senecio, 176
Rhoeidium, 92 Sapindus, 441 Senegalia, 313
Rhus, 92 Sapium, 281 Senna, 314
Rhynchelytrum, 543 Saponaria, 248 Serapias, 496
Rhynchosia, 313 SAPOTACEAE, 441 Sericotheca, 431
Rhynchosida, 347 Saracha, 449 Seriphidium, 179
Ribes, 326 Sarcobatus, 260 Serratula, 179
Riddellia, 175 Sarcocornia, 260 Seseli, 100
Rivina, 379 Sarcostemma, 106 Sesleria, 544
Robinia, 313 Sarratia, 91 Sesuvium, 88
Roldania, 175 Sartwellia, 175 Setaria, 544
Rorippa, 222 Satureja, 338 Shepherdia, 270
Rosa, 428 Satyrium, 496 Sibara, 223
ROSACEAE, 420 SAURURACEAE, 441 Sibbaldia, 431
Rotala, 344 Savastana, 543 Sicydium, 270
Rothia, 175 Saxifraga, 443 Sicyos, 270
Rubacer, 430 SAXIFRAGACEAE, 441 Sicyosperma, 270
RUBIACEAE, 431 Scabrethia, 175 Sida, 348
Rubus, 430 Schaueria, 86 Sidalcea, 348
Rudbeckia, 175 Schedonnardus, 543 Sidanoda, 348
Ruellia, 86 Schedonorus, 543 Sideranthus, 179
Rumex, 404 Schiedeella, 496 Sideroxylon, 441
Ruppia, 554 Schismus, 543 Sieversia, 431
RUPPIACEAE, 554 Schistophragma, 387 Silenaceae, 244
RUTACEAE, 435 Schizachne, 543 Silene, 248
Rutosma, 436 Schizachyrium, 543 Silphium, 180
Rydbergia, 157, 175 Schkuhria, 175 Silybum, 180

614
SIMAROUBACEAE, 446 Stenotus, 183 Thelypodiopsis, 225
Simsia, 180 Stephanomeria, 183 Thelypodium, 225
Sinapis, 223 STERCULIACEAE, 451 THEMIDACEAE, 554
Siphonella, 396 Stevia, 184 THEOPHRASTACEAE,
Siphonoglossa, 87 Stillingia, 281 451
Sisymbrium, 223 Stipa, 547 Thermopsis, 315
Sisyrinchium, 483 Stiporyzopsis, 548 Thinopyron, 548
Sitanion, 545 Streptanthella, 224 Thlaspi, 226
Sitilias, 180 Streptanthus, 225 Thodiola, 268
Sium, 100 Streptopus, 489 Thymophylla, 190
Smelowskia, 224 Strigosella, 225 Thysanocarpus, 226
Smilacina, 469 Strombocarpa, 315 Tidestromia, 91
SOLANACEAE, 446 Strophostyles, 315 Tillaea, 268
Solanum, 449 Stuckenia, 554 Tillandsia, 467
Solidago, 180 Stylocline, 184 Tiquilia, 206
Sonchus, 183 Suaeda, 260 Tissa, 251
Sophia, 224 Suckleya, 261 Tithymalopsis, 281
Sophora, 314 Swainsona, 315 Tithymalus, 281
Sorbus, 431 Swertia, 324 Tium, 315
Sorghastrum, 546 Symphoricarpos, 243 Tonestus, 191
Sorghum, 546 Symphyotrichum, 184 Torilis, 100
SPARGANIACEAE, 554 Symphytum, 206 Torreyochloa, 548
Sparganium, 554 Syntherisma, 548 Torximon, 191
Spartina, 546 Synthyris, 387 Toumeya, 240
Specularia, 241 Syringa, 359 Touterea, 344
Spergula, 249 Townsendia, 191
Spergularia, 250 Toxicodendron, 93
Spergulastrum, 250
T Toxicoscordion, 490
Spermacoce, 435 Tagetes, 187 Toxylon, 351
Spermolepis, 100 Talinopsis, 408 Trachypogon, 548
Sphaeralcea, 348 Talinum, 409 Tradescantia, 467
Sphaerophysa, 314 TAMARICACEAE, 451 Tragacantha, 315
Sphaerostigma, 371 Tamarix, 451 Tragia, 281
Sphenopholis, 546 Tanacetum, 187 Tragopogon, 191
Spiesia, 315 Taraxacum, 187 Tragus, 548
Spiraea, 431 Taxodium, 83 Trautvetteria, 418
Spiranthes, 496 Tecoma, 198 Trianthema, 88
Spirodela, 487 Telesonix, 444 Tribulus, 460
Sporobolus, 546 Telosiphonia, 102 Trichachne, 549
Stachys, 339 Teloxys, 261 Trichloris, 549
Stanleya, 224 Tephrosia, 315 Trichophyllum, 191
Stanleyella, 224 Tessaria, 187 Trichostema, 340
Stegnocarpus, 206 Tetraclea, 454 Tricuspis, 549
Steinchisma, 547 Tetradymia, 187 Tridens, 549
Steironema, 351, 352 Tetramerium, 87 Trifolium, 316
Stellaria, 250 Tetraneuris, 188 Triglochin, 487
Stenandrium, 87 Teucrium, 339 Triodanis, 241
Stenaria, 435 Thalesia, 376 Triodia, 549
Stenogonum, 406 Thalictrum, 417 Trionum, 350
Stenolobium, 198 Thamnosma, 436 Triplasis, 549
Stenophyllus, 482 Thaspium, 100 Tripleurospermum, 192
Stenosiphon, 367, 371 Thelesperma, 189 Tripolium, 192
Stenotaphrum, 547 Thelocactus, 240 Tripsacum, 549

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Tripterocalyx, 357 Valota, 551 Wyomingia, 194
Trisetum, 550 Varilla, 192
Tristemon, 270 Vauquelinia, 431
Triticosecale, 550 Veratrum, 490
X
Triticum, 550 Verbascum, 445 Xanthisma, 194
Trixis, 192 Verbena, 454 Xanthium, 195
Troximon, 192 VERBENACEAE, 452 Xanthocephalum, 196
Tryphane, 251 Verbesina, 192 Xanthoxalis, 377
Tubiflora, 87 Vernonia, 192 Ximenesia, 196
Turritis, 227 Veronica, 387 Xylophacos, 319
Typha, 555 Vesicaria, 227 Xylorhiza, 196
TYPHACEAE, 555 Viborquia, 317 Xylosteon, 244
Tyria, 274, 282 Viburnum, 88
Vicia, 317
Viguiera, 193 Y
U Vilfa, 551 Yabea, 100
ULMACEAE, 451 Villanova, 193 Yucca, 462
Ulmus, 452 Vinca, 102
UMBELLIFERAE, 93 Vincetoxicum, 106
Ungnadia, 441 Viola, 456 Z
Uniola, 550 VIOLACEAE, 456
Zaluzania, 196
Urachne, 550 Viorna, 418
Zannichellia, 555
Uralepis, 550 VISCACEAE, 457
ZANNICHELLIACEAE,
Urochloa, 550 VITACEAE, 459
555
Uropappus, 192 Vitex, 340
Zapania, 456
Urtica, 452 Vitis, 459
Zauschneria, 371
URTICACEAE, 452 Vulpia, 551
Zea, 552
Utricularia, 340 Zeltnera, 324
Uvularia, 469 W Zephyranthes, 466
Zexmenia, 196
Wahlbergella, 251
V Washingtonia, 100
Zigadenus, 490
Zinnia, 196
Vaccaria, 251 Wedelia, 357 Ziziphus, 420
Vacciniaceae, 271 Wedeliella, 357 Zoysia, 552
Vaccinium, 273 Wislizenia, 262 Zuckia, 261
Vachellia, 317 Withania, 451 Zuloagaea, 552
Vagnera, 469 Woodsia, 74 ZYGOPHYLLACEAE, 460
Valeriana, 243 Wootonella, 193 Zygophyllidium, 282
Valerianaceae, 242 Wootonia, 193 Zygophyllum, 460
Vallisneria, 483 Wyethia, 193

616