Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2009
An essential guide to the
Eurocodes structural Eurocodes
Contents
The Eurocodes comprehensively cover all principal construction materials. They are structured
and located in this brochure as follows:
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Eurocode Series
Basis of structural design
Eurocode. Basis of structural design is the lead document in the Eurocode suite. It describes the principles and
requirements for safety, serviceability and durability. It also provides the basis and general principles for the structural
design and verification of buildings and civil engineering works (including geotechnical aspects). It is the first operational
'material-independent' design code.
BS EN 1990:2002 should be used in conjunction with all the other Eurocodes (BS EN 1991 to BS EN 1999) for design.
For more information about the standards in this series visit: www.bsigroup.com/Eurocode0
For more information about the standards in the Eurocode 1 Series visit: www.bsigroup.com/Eurocode1
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Eurocode 1 Series
Actions on structures
BS EN 1991-1-1:2002 Eurocode 1. Actions on structures. BS EN 1991-1-3:2003 Eurocode 1. Actions on structures.
General actions. Densities, self-weight, imposed loads General actions. Snow loads
for buildings BS EN 1991-1-3 provides guidance for the calculation of:
BS EN 1991-1-1 gives design guidance and actions for the • Snow loads on roofs which occur in calm or windy conditions
structural design of buildings and civil engineering works • Loads imposed by snow sliding down a pitched roof on to
including some geotechnical aspects for the following subjects: snow guards and other obstacles
• Loads due to snow overhanging the cantilevered edge
• Densities of construction materials and stored materials
of a roof
• Self-weight of construction works
• Snow loads on bridges.
• Imposed loads for buildings.
This standard applies to new buildings and structures and to
significant alterations to existing buildings and structures.
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Eurocode 1 Series
Actions on structures
BS EN 1991-1-6:2005 Eurocode 1. Actions on structures. BS EN 1991-2:2003 Eurocode 1. Actions on structures.
General actions. Actions during execution Traffic loads on bridges
BS EN 1991-1-6 describes principles and application rules for the BS EN 1991-2 defines models of traffic loads for the design of
determination of actions to be considered during execution of road bridges, footbridges and railway bridges. For the design of
buildings and civil engineering works, including the following new bridges, BS EN 1991 is intended to be used for direct
aspects: application, together with Eurocodes BS EN 1990 to BS EN 1999.
• Actions on structural and non-structural members BS EN 1991-2:2003 supersedes: DD ENV 1991-3:2000 Eurocode 1.
during handling Basis of design and actions on structures. Traffic loads on bridges ,
• Geotechnical actions which is withdrawn.
• Actions due to prestressing effects
• Pre-deformations
• Temperature, shrinkage, hydration effects • A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 170 pages • Published by BSI
• Wind actions • ISBN 0 580 42879 6 • BSI order ref BS EN 1991-2:2003
• Snow loads Price £228*, Member Price £114
• Actions caused by water
• Actions due to atmospheric icing
• Construction loads
UK National Annex to BS EN 1991-2:2003
• Accidental actions • A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 52 pages • Published by BSI
• Seismic actions. • ISBN 978 0 580 63216 7 • BSI order ref NA to BS EN 1991-2:2003
Price £168*, Member Price £84
• A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 34 pages • Published by BSI
• ISBN 0 580 46784 8 • BSI order ref BS EN 1991-1-6
Price £138*, Member Price £69
BS EN 1991-3:2006 Eurocode 1. Actions on structures.
Actions induced by cranes and machines
UK National Annex to BS EN 1991-1-6:2005
BS EN 1991-3 gives design guidance and actions for the
• A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 10 pages • Published by BSI structural design of buildings and civil engineering works,
• ISBN 978 0 580 60815 5 • BSI order ref NA to BS EN 1991-1-6:2005 including the following aspects:
Price £40*, Member Price £20 • Actions induced by cranes
• Actions induced by machinery.
• A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 52 pages
• Published by BSI • ISBN 0 580 48268 5
BS EN 1991-1-7:2006 Eurocode 1. Actions on structures.
• BSI order ref BS EN 1991-3:2006
General actions. Accidental actions
Price £168*, Member Price £84
BS EN 1991-1-7 describes principles and application rules for
the assessment of accidental actions on buildings and bridges.
The following actions are included:
• Impact forces from vehicles, rail traffic, ships and helicopters BS EN 1991-4:2006 Eurocode 1. Actions on structures.
• Actions due to internal explosions Silos and tanks
• Actions due to local failure from an unspecified cause.
BS EN 1991-4 gives design guidance for the assessment of
actions for the structural design of silos and tanks. It also
includes some provisions for actions on silo and tank structures
• A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 70 pages • Published by BSI that are not only associated with the stored solids or liquids –
• ISBN 0 580 48259 6 • BSI order ref BS EN 1991-1-7:2006 e.g. the effects of thermal differentials, aspects of the differential
settlements of batteries of silos.
Price £168*, Member Price £84
BS EN 1991-4:2006 supersedes: DD ENV 1991-4:1996 Basis of
design and actions on structures. Actions on silos and tanks,
UK National Annex to BS EN 1991-1-7:2006 which is withdrawn.
• A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 18 pages • Published by BSI BS 8007:1987 Code of practice for design of concrete structures for retaining
• ISBN 978 0 580 65468 8 • BSI order ref NA to BS EN 1991-1-7:2006 aqueous liquids, which is soon to be withdrawn.
Price £84*, Member Price £42 • A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 112 pages • Published by BSI
• ISBN 0 580 48260 X • BSI order ref BS EN 1991-4:2006
Price £190*, Member Price £95
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Eurocode 2 Series
Design of concrete structures
Eurocode 2 Design of concrete structures is concerned with the requirements for resistance, serviceability, durability and
fire resistance of concrete structures. It applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in plain, reinforced and
prestressed concrete.
It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures, the basis of their design and
verifications that are given in BS EN 1990:2002 Basis of structural design.
The following National codes are affected, and are now obsolete:
• BS 8110-1:1997 Structural use of concrete. Code of practice for design and construction
• BS 8110-2:1985 Structural use of concrete. Code of practice for special circumstances
• BS 8110-3:1985 Structural use of concrete. Design charts for singly reinforced beams, doubly reinforced beams and
rectangular columns
• BS 5400 Series: Steel, concrete and composite bridges
For more information about the standards in the Eurocode 2 Series visit: www.bsigroup.com/Eurocode2
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Eurocode 2 Series
Design of concrete structures
BS EN 1992-2:2005 Eurocode 2. Design of concrete BS EN 1992-3:2006 Eurocode 2. Design of concrete
structures. Concrete bridges. Design and detailing rules structures. Liquid retaining and containing structures
BS EN 1992-2 describes the principles and requirements for BS EN 1992-3 covers additional rules to those in Part 1
safety, serviceability and durability of concrete structures, for the design of structures constructed from plain or lightly
together with specific provisions for bridges. It is based on the reinforced concrete, reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete
limit state concept used in conjunction with a partial factor that contain liquids or granular solids.
method. Principles and application rules are given in this part for the
BS EN 1992-2 replaces DD ENV 1992-2:2001 and design of those elements of structure which directly support the
DD ENV 1992-1-2:1996 which are withdrawn. It will also stored liquids or materials (i.e. the directly loaded walls of tanks,
replace BS 5400-4:1990, BS 5400-7:1978 and BS 5400-8:1978 reservoirs or silos).
in due course. This standard supersedes: DD ENV 1992-4:2000.
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Eurocode 3 Series
Design of steel structures
The scope of BS EN 1993 Eurocode 3 Design of streel structures is wider than most of the other design Eurocodes due to
the diversity of steel structures, the need to cover both bolted and welded joints, and the possible slenderness of construction.
The real differences when compared to existing British standards lie in bringing new methods into the scope. For
example, the design of semi-rigid joints in buildings is explained, and more advanced methods of design for cold-formed
steelwork are included. The rules for shell and for the design of piles, sheet piling and silos are new, and rules for
stainless steel appear for the first time.
The following National codes are affected and will be withdrawn by March 2010:
• BS 4076:1989 Specification for steel chimneys
• BS 5950 Series: Structural use of steelwork in building
• BS 5400 Series: Steel, concrete and composite bridges
• BS 8100 Series: Lattice towers and masts
For more information about the standards in the Eurocode 3 Series visit: www.bsigroup.com/Eurocode3
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Eurocode 3 Series
Design of steel structures
BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 Eurocode 3. Design of steel BS EN 1993-1-8:2005 Eurocode 3. Design of steel
structures. Plated structural elements structures. Design of joints
BS EN 1993-1-5 gives design requirements of stiffened and BS EN 1993-1-8 gives design methods for the design of joints
unstiffened plates which are subject to inplane forces. Effects subject to predominantly static loading using steel grades S235,
due to shear lag, in-plane load introduction and plate buckling S275, S355 and S460.
for I-section girders and box girders are covered. Also covered BS EN 1993-1-8:2005 partially supersedes:
are plated structural components subject to in-plane loads as DD ENV 1993-1-1:1992 Eurocode 3. Design of steel structures.
in tanks and silos. The effects of out-of-plane loading are General rules and rules for buildings.
outside the scope of this document.
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Eurocode 3 Series
Design of steel structures
BS EN 1993-1-10:2005 Eurocode 3. Design of steel BS EN 1993-2:2006 Eurocode 3. Design of steel
structures. Material toughness and through-thickness structures. Steel bridges
properties BS EN 1993-2 describes the principles and application rules
BS EN 1993-1-10 contains design guidance for the selection of for the safety and serviceability and durability of steel bridges.
steel for fracture toughness and for through thickness properties It gives design rules that are supplementary to the generic
of welded elements where there is a significant risk of lamellar rules in EN 1993-1-1 and is intended to be used with
tearing during fabrication. Eurocodes BS EN 1990, BS EN 1991 and part 2 of BS EN 1992
to BS EN 1998 when steel structures or steel components for
bridges are referred to.
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Eurocode 3 Series
Design of steel structures
PD 6695-2:2008 Recommendations for the design of BS EN 1993-4-3:2007 Eurocode 3. Design of steel
bridges to BS EN 1993 structures. Pipelines
Published Document (PD) 6695-2 contains non-contradictory BS EN 1993-4-3 provides principles and application rules for the
complementary information and additional guidance for use in structural design of cylindrical steel pipelines for the transport of
the UK with BS EN 1993-2, BS EN 1993-1-5, BS EN 1993-1-7, liquids or gases or mixtures of liquids and gases at ambient
BS EN 1993-1-8 and their UK National Annexes in the design of temperatures, which are not treated by other European standards
components of steel bridges. This document only covers bridges covering particular applications.
that are executed in accordance with BS EN 1090-2.
• A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 44 pages
• Published by BSI • ISBN 978 0 580 50671 0
• A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 94 pages • ISBN 978 0 580 61135 3 • BSI order ref BS EN 1993-4-3:2007
Price £170*, Member Price £85 Price £138*, Member Price £69
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Eurocode 4 Series
Design of composite steel and concrete structures
Eurocode 4 Design of composite steel and concrete structures applies to the design of composite structures and
members for buildings and civil engineering works. It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety
and serviceability of structures, the basis of their design and verification that is given in BS EN 1990:2002.
For more information about the standards in the Eurocode 4 Series visit: www.bsigroup.com/Eurocode4
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Eurocode 5 Series
Design of timber structures
Eurocode 5 Design of timber structures applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in timber (solid
timber, sawn, planed or in pole form, glued laminated timber or wood-based structural products) or wood-based panels
jointed together with adhesives or mechanical fasteners. It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety and
serviceability of structures and the basis of design and verification given in BS EN 1990:2002. It covers the requirements for
mechanical resistance, serviceability, durability and fire resistance of timber structures.
The following National codes are affected and will be withdrawn by March 2010:
• BS 5268-2:2002 Structural use of timber. Code of practice for permissible stress design, materials and workmanship
• BS 5268-3:2006 Structural use of timber. Code of practice for trussed rafter roofs
• BS 5268-4 Series: Structural use of timber
• BS 5268-6 Series: Structural use of timber
• BS 5268-7 Series: Structural use of timber
For more information about the standards in the Eurocode 5 Series visit: www.bsigroup.com/Eurocode5
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Eurocode 6 Series
Design of masonry structures
Eurocode 6 Design of masonry structures relates to buildings and other civil engineering works, and covers
reinforced, prestressed and confined masonry. The four parts cover the rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry,
structural fire design and detailed rules for lateral loading. They code deals with specific aspects of passive fire
protection in terms of designing structures and parts for adequate load bearing resistance that could be needed for
safe evacuation of occupants and fire rescue and for limiting fire spread.
This Eurocode also applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works, or parts in unreinforced, reinforced,
prestressed and confined masonry. It outlines the requirements for resistance, serviceability and durability of structures.
The following National codes are affected and will be withdrawn by March 2010:
• BS 5628-1:2005 Code of practice for the use of masonry. Structural use of unreinforced masonry
• BS 5628-2:2005 Code of practice for the use of masonry. Structural use of reinforced and prestrssed masonry
• BS 5628-3:2005 Code of practice for the use of masonry. Materials and components, design and workmanship
For more information about the standards in the Eurocode 6 Series visit: www.bsigroup.com/Eurocode6
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Eurocode 6 Series
Design of masonry structures
BS EN 1996-3:2006 Eurocode 6. Design of masonry
structures. Simplified calculation methods and simple UK National Annex to BS EN 1996-3:2006
rules for masonry structures • A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 14 pages • Published by BSI
BS EN 1996-3 provides simplified calculation methods to • ISBN 978 0 580 59810 4 • BSI order ref NA to BS EN 1996-3:2006
facilitate the design of the following unreinforced masonry Price £68*, Member Price £34
walls, subject to certain conditions of application:
• Walls subjected to vertical loading and wind loading
• Walls subjected to concentrated loads
• Shear walls
• Basement walls subjected to lateral earth pressure and
vertical loads Industry news
• Walls subjected to lateral loads but not subjected to
vertical loads.
BS EN 1996-3:2006 does not cover the design for accidental situations. See the latest industry news stories at
www.bsigroup.com/constructionstandards
• A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 46 pages • Published by BSI
• ISBN 0 580 47821 1 • BSI order ref BS EN 1996-3:2006
Price £158*, Member Price £79
For more information about the standards in the Eurocode 7 Series visit: www.bsigroup.com/Eurocode7
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Eurocode 8 Series
Design of structures for earthquake resistance
Eurocode 8 Design of structures applies to the design and construction of buildings and civil engineering works in
seismic regions. Its purpose is to ensure that in the event of earthquakes:
• Human lives are protected;
• Damage is limited; and
• Structures important to civil protection remain operational.
It is unlikely that BS EN 1998 needs to be used in the UK, except for special structures – e.g. nuclear structures, long
span bridges and tall buildings.
For more information about the standards in the Eurocode 8 Series visit: www.bsigroup.com/Eurocode8
BS EN 1998-1:2004 Eurocode 8. Design of structures for BS EN 1998-2:2005 Eurocode 8. Design of structures for
earthquake resistance. General rules, seismic actions earthquake resistance. Bridges
and rules for buildings BS EN 1998-2 primarily covers the seismic design of bridges in
BS EN 1998-1 applies to the design of buildings and civil which the horizontal seismic actions are mainly resisted through
engineering works in seismic regions. bending of the piers or at the abutments; i.e. of bridges
composed of vertical or nearly vertical pier systems supporting
BS EN 1998-1 deals with:
the traffic deck superstructure. It is also applicable to the seismic
• Basic performance requirements and compliance criteria
design of cable-stayed and arched bridges, although its
applicable to buildings and civil engineering works in
provisions should not be considered as fully covering these cases.
seismic regions
• Rules for the representation of seismic actions and for their BS EN 1998-2:2005 covers the following topics:
combination with other actions • Basic requirements and compliance criteria
• Fundamental requirements and other relevant aspects of design and safety related • Seismic action
to base isolation of structures and specifically to base isolation of buildings • Analysis
• General design rules relevant specifically to buildings. Contain specific rules • Strength verification
for various structural materials and elements, relevant specifically to buildings • Detailing.
as follows: This standard supersedes DD ENV 1998-2:1996.
- concrete
- steel • A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 152 pages • Published by BSI
- composite steel-concrete • ISBN 0 580 46967 0 • BSI order ref BS EN 1998-2:2005
- timber
- masonry Price £228*, Member Price £114
BS EN 1998-1:2004 supersedes DD ENV 1998-1-1:1996, DD ENV 1998-1-2:1996,
DD ENV 1998-1-3:1996 which are withdrawn.
BS EN 1998-3:2005 Eurocode 8. Design of structures for
• A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 232 pages • Published by BSI earthquake resistance. Assessment and retrofitting of
• ISBN 0 580 45872 5 • BSI order ref BS EN 1998-1:2004 buildings
Price £248*, Member Price £124 Although assessment and retrofitting of existing structures for
non-seismic actions is not yet covered by the relevant material-
dependent Eurocodes, BS EN 1998-3 was specifically developed
UK National Annex to BS EN 1998-1:2004 because:
• A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 18 pages • Published by BSI • For many older structures, seismic resistance was not
• ISBN 978 0 580 55090 4 • BSI order ref NA to BS EN 1998-1:2004 considered during the original construction, whereas
non-seismic actions were catered for, at least by means
Price £80*, Member Price £40 of traditional construction rules
• Seismic hazard evaluations in accordance with present
knowledge may indicate the need for retrofitting campaigns
• Damage caused by earthquakes may create the need for
major repairs.
BS EN 1998-3:2005 supersedes DD ENV 1998-1-4:1996.
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Eurocode 8 Series
Design of structures for earthquake resistance
BS EN 1998-4:2006 Eurocode 8. Design of structures for BS EN 1998-6:2005 Eurocode 8. Design of structures for
earthquake resistance. Silos, tanks and pipelines earthquake resistance. Towers, masts and chimneys
BS EN 1998-4 specifies principles and application rules for the BS EN 1998-6 establishes requirements, criteria and rules for the
seismic design of the structural aspects of facilities composed of design of tall slender structures such as towers; including bell-
above-ground and buried pipeline systems and of storage tanks towers, intake towers, radio and TV-towers; masts; industrial
of different types and uses, as well as for independent items, chimneys and lighthouses.
such as single water towers serving a specific purpose, or groups Requirements are also given for non-structural elements, such
of silos enclosing granular materials, etc. as the lining material of industrial chimneys, antennae and other
BS EN 1998-4 includes the additional criteria and rules required equipment.
for the seismic design of these structures without restrictions on
their size, structural types and other functional characteristics. For
some types of tanks and silos, it also provides detailed methods • A4 Loose-leaf/PDF • 52 pages • Published by BSI
of assessment and verification rules. • ISBN 0 580 46614 0 • BSI order ref BS EN 1998-6:2005
BS EN 1998-4:2006 replaces DD ENV 1998-4:1999. Price £168*, Member Price £84
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Eurocode 9 Series
Design of aluminium structures
Eurocode 9 Design of aluminium structures applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering and
structural works in aluminium. The series is concerned with requirements for resistance, serviceability, durability and
fire resistance of aluminium structures. Other requirements, such as thermal or sound insulation, are not concerned.
For more information about the standards in the Eurocode 9 Series visit: www.bsigroup.com/Eurocode9
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