MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

VIKALP KULSHRESTHA
 Contents
• Introduction; Need; Abstract Coursework

• Evolution

• A View On Famous Works

• Modern Techniques

• Mechanical Miracles

• Mechanical Engineering & India

• Future Prospects

• The Final Briefing

 Introductio
n

What is mechanical engineering

• Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that involves

the application of principles of physics for analysis, design,
manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems.

• Mechanical engineering is one of the oldest and broadest

engineering disciplines.
 Introductio
n

What Is The Need Of It ?

• Actually no field can sustain without mechanical help.

• design and analyze motor vehicles, aircraft, heating and cooling

systems, watercraft, manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and
machinery, robotics, medical devices and more.
 Introduction
Abstract coursework

• Mechanics
basic mechanics
mechanics of materials or solid mechanics
Fluid mechanics
• Thermal science
thermodynamics
Heat & mass transfer
energy conversion
RAC
HVAC

• Designing
engineering drawing
machine drawing
machine design
CAD

• Production sciences
material science
metallurgy
production technology
CAM
 Evolution
• Mechanical engineering dates back to the times of the great
pyramids(3000-2500 b.c.)
• In ancient Greece, the works of Archimedes (287 BC–212 BC) and
Heron of Alexandria (c. 10–70 AD) deeply influenced mechanics in
the Western tradition.
• In China, Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) improved a water clock and
invented a seismometer, and Ma Jun (200–265 AD) invented a
chariot with differential gears.
• Al Jaziri wrote his famous "Book of Knowledge of Ingenious
Mechanical Devices" in 1206 presented many mechanical designs.
He is also considered to be the inventor of such mechaincal devices
which now form the very basic of mechanisms, such as crank and
cam shafts.
 Evolution

• Till 18th century many developments took place in this

field………………..& then in the late 18th century and early 19th
centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing,
production, and transportation had a profound effect on
the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. This was called
the industrial revolution. The subsequently spread through Europe,
America and then in the whole world.
• This revolution led to the development of machine tools and
technology.
• Today Currently, there are 1,346 engineering colleges in India
approved by the All India Council of Technical Education with a seat
capacity of 4,40,000. B.E., B.Sc., B.Tech., B.A.Sc .
 A View On Famous
Works

• Archimedes — Archimedes' Screw, Principle of Buoyancy.

• Banū Mūsā brothers, Muhammad, Ahmad, Al-Hasan —Ibn Bassal —

Flywheel, Flywheel-Driven Chain Pump.

• Al-Jazari — crankshaft, connecting rod, crank-driven and hydropowered

saqiya chain pump, crank-driven screw and screwpump, elephant clock,
weight-driven clock, weight-driven pump, reciprocating piston suction
pump, geared and hydropowered water supply system, programmable
humanoid robots, robotics, hand washing automata, flush mechanism,
combination lock, lamination, static balancing, paper model, sand casting,
molding sand, intermittency, linkage.

• Cornelis Corneliszoon — Sawmill.

• Lagari Hasan Çelebi — Manned Rocket, Artificially-Powered Aircraft,

Rocket Aircraft.
A View On Famous Works

• Thomas Shavey — Steam Engine.

• James Watt — Improved Steam Engine.

• Henry Maudslay — Screw-Cutting lathe, Bench Micrometer.

• George Cayley — Glider, Tension-Spoke Wheels, Caterpillar Track.

• George Stephenson — Steam Locomotive.

• Benoît Fourneyron — Water Turbine.

• William George Armstrong— Hydraulic Crane.

• Richard J. Gatling– Wheat Drill, First Successful Machine Gun.

A View On Famous Works

• Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol — Steam Powered Submarine.

• Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi — Geared Mechanical Clock, Segmental Gear, Epicyclic

Gearing.

• James Henry Greathead – Tunnel Boring Machine, Tunnelling Shield

Technique.

• Karl Benz — Petrol-Powered Automobile.

• Rudolf Diesel — Diesel Engine.

• John Moses Browning — Automatic handgun.

• Donat Banki —Carburetor.

• Carl Edvard Johansson — Gauge Blocks .

A View On Famous Works

• Mary Anderson — Windshield Wiper Blade.

• Henri Coandă — Jet Engine.

• Harry Brearley — Stainless Steel.

• Igor Sikorsky — Helicopter.

• Baltzar von Platen — Refrigerator.

• Laszlo Biro — Modern Ballpoint Pen.

• Frank Whittle — Jet Engine.

• Mikhail Kalashnikov — AK-47 and AK-74 Assault Rifles.

• Fazlur Khan — Structural Systems for High-Rise Skyscrapers.

 Modern
Techniques

• Many mechanical engineering companies, especially those in industrialized

nations, have begun to incorporate Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)
programs into their existing design and analysis processes.

• CAE includes the following :

1. Computer Aided Design (CAD)
2. Product Life Cycle Management (PLM)
3. Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
4. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
5. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
6. Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO)
 Modern Techniques

Computer Aided Design (CAD)

• Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the use of computer technology to aid in

the design and particularly the drafting (technical drawing and engineering
drawing) of a part or product, including entire buildings. It is both a visual (or
drawing) and symbol-based method of communication whose conventions
are particular to a specific technical field.

• Drafting can be done in two dimensions ("2D") and three dimensions ("3D").

• Drafting is the communication of technical or engineering drawings and is

the industrial arts sub-discipline that underlies all involved technical
endeavors. In representing complex, three-dimensional objects in two-
dimensional drawings, these objects have traditionally been represented by
three projected views at right angles.
Modern Techniques

Product Life Cycle Management (PLM)

• Product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire

lifecycle of a product from its conception, through design and manufacture, to
service and disposal. PLM integrates people, data, processes and business
systems and provides a product information backbone for companies and their
extended enterprise.

• Within PLM there are four primary areas;

1. Product and Portfolio Management (PPM)
2. Product Design
3. Manufacturing Process Management (MPM)
4. Product Data Management (PDM)
 Modern
Techniques

Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

• The Finite Element Method (FEM) (sometimes referred to as Finite

Element Analysis) is a numerical technique for finding approximate
solutions of partial differential equations (PDE) as well as of integral
equations. The solution approach is based either on eliminating the
differential equation completely (steady state problems), or rendering the
PDE into an approximating system of ordinary differential equations, which
are then numerically integrated using standard techniques such as Euler's
method, Runge-Kutta, etc.
 Modern Techniques

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

• Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is one of the branches of fluid

mechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and
analyze problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform
the millions of calculations required to simulate the interaction of fluids and
gases with the complex surfaces used in engineering. Even with high-speed
supercomputers only approximate solutions can be achieved in many
cases. Ongoing research, however, may yield software that improves the
accuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic or
turbulent flows. Initial validation of such software is often performed using a
wind tunnel with the final validation coming in flight test.
Modern Techniques

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

• Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computer-based

software tools that assist engineers and machinists in manufacturing or
prototyping product components. CAM is a programming tool that makes it
possible to manufacture physical models using CAD programs. CAM creates
real life versions of components designed within a software package.

• Traditionally, CAM has been considered as a numerical control (NC)

programming tool wherein three-dimensional (3D) models of components
generated in CAD software are used to generate CNC code to drive
numerically controlled machine tools.

• Although this remains the most common CAM function, CAM functions have
expanded to integrate CAM more fully with CAD/CAM/CAE PLM solutions.
 Modern
Techniques

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO)

• Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is a field of engineering that

uses optimization methods to solve design problems incorporating a number
of disciplines.

• MDO allows designers to incorporate all relevant disciplines simultaneously.

The optimum of the simultaneous problem is superior to the design found by
optimizing each discipline sequentially, since it can exploit the interactions
between the disciplines. However, including all disciplines simultaneously
significantly increases the complexity of the problem.

• These techniques have been used in a number of fields, including

automobile design, naval architecture, electronics, computers, and
electricity distribution. However, the largest number of applications have
been in the field of aerospace engineering, such as aircraft and spacecraft
design.
Mechanical Miracles
1.Wind Farm in middle of ocean

20 km from the coast of Denmark, you will find “Horns Rev”, the
biggest wind farm in the world. 80 turbines 110 m tall, capable of 160
MW
The fins are 30 m long.
.Fantasy road that for part of the tim
Arctic highway

The highway between Tibbitt and Contwoyto in Canada.

Most dangerous road in the world. It is over 500km long and consist of
85% frozen lakes. The ice can break at any time.
 This road can
only operate
come into effect
during the
coldest months
of the year.
When the ice
becomes strong
enough every
year the road is
made.

Here is a series of truck on the ice – each

70 τons.
Some people try
and push their
luck at the end
of the season –
but in the end
nature has the
final say.
 3. Colossus of the sea.
The biggest ship in the world

Used for the heaviest, and biggest of things needing transport

Oil Rigs transported
off-shore …
…Oil refinery

…a whole Military
Radar…
 How it can be loaded at sea;

It sinks under the

water…

And then it raises

itself!!
The ships park on
top…

SIMPLE ,isnt’it?
4.Modern ways to control water.
The bridge “Magdeburg” (Germany) – you need to
look at it a number of times to understand what is
actually happening.

It’s a bridge that goes over the Elba river. It allows boats
easy access into canals. It cost more than 500 million
Euros and took 6 years to build
5.The tallest skyscraper in the world
Burj Tower

This is a “virtual model” of the Burj

Tower
In 2008, it became the tallest is the
world.
My friends... We are seeing the city with the
biggest growing rate in the world...
15% of the large towers being built in the world are
in Dubai... Can you imagine the problem in
operating these cranes
This is the beginning....
From another angle
6.TUNNEL BORING MACHINE
(TBM)
Large pits are dug to insert the machine
Hydraulic jacks support the machine
INSIDE VIEW
Its major contribution is in
• The Chicago railways network.
(in USA)

• The Channel Tunnel b/w

London & Paris.

• The Delhi Metro.

Mechanical Engineering
and India

This area comprises of two sub categories:

• Government Sector

• Private Sector
chanical Engineering and India

Government Sector

• Ministry of Heavy Engineering

• Ministry of Steel
• Ship Building Industry
• Ministry of Defence
• Ministry of Aviation
• Ministry of Railways
• The Navratna Companies
chanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {Ministry of Heavy Engineering}

• Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd.

• HMT Ltd.
echanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {Ministry of Heavy Engineering}

Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd. (HEC Ltd.)

• Established in the year 1958 as the largest Integrated Engineering Industrial

Complex in India with excellent DESIGN, ENGINEERING &
MANUFACTURING base. The company is engaged in the manufacture &
supply of Capital equipments, Machine tools and Spares needed for the
Core Sector Industries.

• It is an ISO 9001-2000 company.

echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {Ministry of Heavy Engineering}
Achievements of HEC

• CNC Vertical Turning & Boring

machine for Durgapur Wheel and
Axle Plant .

• CNC Deep Hole Boring machine .

• CNC Planing machine for Copper

Mould machining .

• Heavy Duty CNC Roll Turning

Lathe for Rolling Mills .

• HEC has successfully developed

High Strength Low Alloy Steel
Grade DMR-249A and 249B for
Naval Application .
echanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {Ministry Of Heavy Engineering}

HMT
Ltd.

• Incorporated in 1953 by the Government of India as a Machine Tool

manufacturing company.
• Over the years diversified into Watches, Tractors, Printing Machinery, Metal
Forming Presses, Die Casting & Plastic Processing Machinery, CNC
Systems & Bearings.
• Successful technology absorption in all product groups through
collaborations with world renowned manufacturers & further strengthened
by continuous in-house R&D.
echanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {Ministry Of Heavy Engineering}

HMT Subsidiaries

• Hmt Machine Tools Ltd.

• HMT Watches Ltd.
• HMT Chinar Watches Ltd.
• HMT Bearings limited
• HMT (International) Ltd.
• Praga Tools Ltd.
echanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {Ministry Of Heavy Engineering}

Hmt (Machine Tools Ltd.)

• HMT Limited, the pioneer in Machine

Tools Industry in India and
manufacturers of a diversified range
of products has incorporated “HMT
MACHINE TOOLS LIMITED” as its
fully owned subsidiary on 9th August
1999 .

• leading manufacturer of Machine

Tools in India .
echanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {Ministry Of Heavy Engineering}

HMT (Watches Ltd.)

• The manufacture of wristwatches

started as part of diversification
strategy of HMT in the year 1962,
under Technical collaboration with
CITIZEN Watch Company of
Japan with a manufacturing unit at
Bangalore.

• it manufactures Mechanical and

Quartz Analog watches
echanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {Ministry Of Heavy Engineering}

HMT (Chinar Watches

Ltd.)

• HMT Limited, the first company to

start watch manufacturing in India
has incorporated "HMT CHINAR
WATCHES LIMITED" as its fully
owned subsidiary on 4th
September 2000 with Jammu as
its head quarters.
echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {Ministry Of Heavy Engineering}

HMT (Bearings Ltd.)

• The company designs, manufactures

• HMT Bearings Limited, formerly and supplies Ball Bearings,
known as Indo-Nippon Bearings Cylindrical Roller Bearings and Taper
Limited was incorporated in the Roller Bearings.
year 1970. It is the only company
of its kind in the public sector set
up to manufacture Ball & Roller
Bearings. The company was
established in technical
collaboration with M/s Koyo Seiko
Co. Ltd., Japan an internationally
reputed manufacturer of Bearings.

• In the year 1981, the company

became a subsidiary of HMT
Limited.
echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {Ministry Of Heavy Engineering}

HMT (International Ltd.) HMT (I)’s business portfolio

includes trading in:
• HMT(INTERNATIONAL) Limited, was
set up in 1974 as a wholly owned
subsidiary of hmt Limited, to • Machine Tool and Industrial
undertake exports of goods Machinery
manufactured by HMT and other • Watches
leading Indian manufacturers. • Tractors & Agricultural Implements
• General Engineering Products
• HMT(I) is headquartered at • Industrial Commodities
Bangalore and has a global network
extending over 38 countries with 67 • Software and IT Services
representations to service its clientele • Projects & Services
worldwide. HMT(I) has sold over
12,500 machines in more than 70
countries with efficient after sales
service.
echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {Ministry Of Heavy Engineering}

HMT ( Praga Tools Ltd.)

• Praga Tools Limited was

incorporated on 20th May, 1943 • Praga Tools Limited manufactures
as Praga Tools Corporation Machine Tools for various
applications including CNC
Limited to manufacturer Machine Machines.
Tools with head quarters at
Secunderabad. It was renamed as
Praga Tools Limited in 1963.

• HMT Limited took over Praga

Tools Limited as one of its
subsidiaries with the transfer of
majority of the share holding in the
year 1988.
echanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {Ministry of Steel}

Activities of Steel Ministry

• Co-ordination and planning of the growth and development of Iron and Steel
Industry in the country (including Re-Rolling Mills, Alloy Steel and Ferro
Alloy Industries, Refractories) both in the Public and Private Sectors.

• Formulation of policies in respect of Production, Pricing, Distribution, Import

and Export of Iron & Steel, Ferro Alloys and Refractories.

• Development of input industries relating to Iron Ore, Manganese Ore,

Chrome Ore and Refractories etc. , required mainly by the Steel Industry.
chanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {Ministry of Ship Building}

(Shipping)

The Ship Building Ministry looks after the funds and the foreign joint
ventures for the industry. The four major shipyards are namely:

• Cochin Shipyard Ltd.

• Goa Shipyard Ltd.

• Mazagon Dock Ltd.

• Hindustan Shipyard Ltd.

 Mechanical
Engineering and {Ministry of Ship Building}
Government Sector
India (Shipping)
Cochin Shipyard Ltd.

• It was incorporated in the year

1972.

• Cochin Shipyard (CSL) is the

largest ship building yard in India.

• The shipyard also trains graduate

engineers in marine engineering.
Around hundred students are
trained each year.

• It can build ships up to

1,100,000 metric tons deadweight
(DWT) and repair ships up to
1,250,000 DWT.
echanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {Ministry of Ship Building}

(Shipping)
Goa Shipyard Ltd.

• It was established in 1957,

originally by the Portuguese-India
government as "Estaleiros Navais
de Goa“.

• After the invasion of Goa by the

Indian armed forces in 1961, it
was requisitioned to manufacture
warships for the Indian Navy and
Indian Coast Guard.
echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {Ministry of Ship Building}
(Shipping)

Mazagon Dock Ltd .

• It manufactures warships for the

Indian Navy as well as offshore
platforms for oil exploration.

• It has manufacturing facilities

situated at Mumbai and Nhava.

• The yard has the capability to

build warships, submarines, and
merchant ships up to
30,000 metric tons deadweight
(DWT). It can also fabricate well
head platforms, process and
production platforms and jack up
rigs for oil exploration.
 Mechanical
Engineering and {Ministry of Ship Building}
Government Sector
India (Shipping)
Hindustan Shipyard Ltd.

• It is India's first and oldest shipyard.

• In 1940, Walchand Hirachand started

the construction of the shipyard,
initially known as Scindia Shipyard .In
1961, it fully acquired the shipyard.

• located in Visakhapatnam, Andhra

Pradesh.

• It was the first shipyard in India to be

awarded ISO-9001
echanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {Ministry of Defence}

It basically comprises of two departments:

• Department of Defence Production (DDP).

• Department of Defence Research & Development (DDR&D).

echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {Ministry of Defence}
Department of Defence Production
•
(DDP)
The Department of Defence
Production was set up in 1962, in
the aftermath of the Chinese
aggression to create a self-
reliant and self-sufficient
indigenous defence production
base .
• In November, 1965, Department
of Defence Supplies was created
to forge linkages between the
civil industries and defence
production units.
• The Department of Defence
Production and Supplies has
been renamed as Department of
Defence Production w.e.f.
January, 2004.
• Since 1962, 16 new Ordnance
Factories have been set up.
The following DPSUs are
functioning under the
administrative control of the
Department:-
• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
(HAL)
• Bharat Electronics Limited
(BEL)
• Bharat Earth Movers Limited
(BEML)
• Mazagon Dock Ltd (MDL)
• Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL)
• Garden Reach Shipbuilders and
Engineers Limited (GRSE)
• Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
• Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited
(MIDHANI)
echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {Ministry of Defence}
Department of Defence Research & Development (DDR&D
{Defence Research & Development Organisation}

• It was formed in 1958 by the merger of Technical Development Establishment

and the Directorate of Technical Development and Production with the
Defence Science Organisation.
• DRDO has a network of 51 laboratories which are deeply engaged in
developing defence technologies covering various disciplines, like aeronautics,
armaments, electronic and computer sciences, human resource development,
life sciences, materials, missiles, combat vehicles development and naval
research and development.
• The organization includes more than 5,000 scientists and about 25,000 other
scientific, technical and supporting personnel.
echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {Ministry of Defence}
Works (DDP and DDR&D)
echanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {Ministry of Aviation}

The Ministry of Civil Aviation is the nodal Ministry responsible for the
formulation of national policies and programmes for development and
regulation of Civil Aviation. It handles the following :

• Air India

• Indian Airlines

• Pawan Hans Helicopters

echanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {Ministry of Aviation}

Air India

• Air India was founded by J. R. D. Tata in 1932 as Tata Airlines, a division of

Tata Sons Ltd. (now Tata Group).

• Air India is state-owned, and administered as part of the National Aviation

Company of India Limited .

• It is an International Airline focusing on international routes.

• It has Boeing 747,777; Airbus A310 in its fleet.

• Has annual recruitment of 17 mechanical engineers of the total 57 recruited

as junior engineers. (as per 2008)
echanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {Ministry of Aviation}

Indian Airlines

• It was setup in 1953 with the merger of 7 different companies.

• This airline based in Delhi, India and focuses primarily on domestic routes,
along with several international services to neighbouring countries in Asia.

• Indian Airlines is state-owned, and is administered by the Ministry of Civil

Aviation.

• Recruits about 60 engineers as junior engineers annually.

echanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {Ministry of Aviation}

Pawan Hans Helicopters

• Pawan Hans was incorporated on October 15, 1985 as the Helicopter

Corporation of India (HCL), the country's national helicopter company with
the objective of providing helicopter support services to the oil sector for its
off-shore exploration operations, services in remote areas and charter
services for promotion of tourism.

• It is a Government owned enterprise with 78.5% in Government hands &

21.5% with ONGC.
echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {Ministry of Railways}
{Mechanical Engineering Dept. (PU&W)}
{Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers}

• The Mechanical Engineering Department looks after the mechanical needs

of the railways.
• It has 44 Workshops & 6 Manufacturing Units all over India.

• The Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineering (IRSME) is a cadre

of the Government of India. The officers of this service are responsible for
managing the Mechanical Engineering Organisation of the Indian
Railways .
• The recruitment is done through 2 exams namely :
1. Engineering Services Exam
2. SCRA (Special Class Railway Apprentice)
echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {The Navratna Companies}

As of December 1 , 2008
• Bharat Electronics Limited
• Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
• Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
• Coal India Limited
• GAIL (India) Limited
• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
• Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
• Indian Oil Corporation Limited
• Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited
• National Aluminum Company Limited
• NMDC Limited
• NTPC Limited
• Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited
• Power Finance Corporation Limited
• Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
• Rural Electrification Corporation Limited
• Shipping Corporation of India Limited
• Steel Authority of India Limited
echanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {The Navratna Companies}

Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.
(BHEL)

• Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is the largest engineering and manufacturing
enterprise in India in the energy-related and infrastructure sector which includes Power,
Railways, Telecom, Transmission and Distribution, Oil and Gas sectors and many more.

• BHEL manufacturing units are at Bhopal, Ranipur, Haridwar, Jhansi, Tiruchirapalli,

Ranipet, Bengaluru, Jagdishpur &
Goindwal .

• BHEL products are steam turbine, gas turbine, steam generators, HRSG- Heat Recovery
Steam Generator, locomotives, pumps, motors, valves, boiler drums
& various other products .
echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {The Navratna Companies}
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL)

• Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) is one of India's

largest PSU companies, with Global Fortune 500 rank of 287 (2008).

• It is involved in the refining and retailing of petroleum products.

• BPCL has Refineries at Mumbai and Kochi (Kochi Refineries) with a

capacity of 12 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) and 7.5 MMTPA
respectively for refining crude oil. BPCL's subsidiary at Numaligarh
has a capacity of 3 MMT.
echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {the Navratna Companies}
Gas Authority of India Ltd. (Gail)

GAIL (India) Limited, is India's flagship Natural Gas company, integrating all
aspects of the Natural Gas value chain (including Exploration & Production,
Processing, Transmission, Distribution and Marketing) and its related services.

• 6,700 km of Natural Gas high • North India's only gas based

pressure trunk pipeline with a integrated Petrochemical
capacity to carry 148 MMSCMD complex at Pata with a
of natural gas across the capacity of producing
country . 4,10,000 TPA of polymers .

• 7 LPG Gas Processing Units to • 27 oil and gas Exploration

produce 1.2 MMTPA of LPG blocks and 3 Coal Bed
and other liquid hydrocarbons . Methane Blocks .
Mechanical
Engineering and {The Navratna Companies}
Government Sector
India Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL)

• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), based in Bangalore, India, is one

of Asia's largest aerospace companies.

• It is mainly involved in aerospace industry, which includes manufacturing

and assembling aircraft, navigation and related communication equipment,
as well as operating airports.

• Its achievements include developing & manufacturing of Tejas, Hawk &

Dhruv .

• It also upgrades & manufactures jaguars, su-30 mki’s & mig-29’s for the
Indian air force .
Mechanical
Engineering and
Government Sector {The Navratna Companies}
India
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL)

• The Corporation operates 2 major refineries producing a wide variety of

petroleum fuels & specialties, one in Mumbai (West Coast) of 5.5 MMTPA
capacity and the other in Visakhapatnam, (East Coast) with a capacity of
7.5 MMTPA.

• HPCL also owns and operates the largest Lube Refinery in the country
producing Lube Base Oils of international standards. With a capacity of 335
TMT. This Lube Refinery accounts for over 40% of the India's total Lube
Base Oil production.
echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {The Navratna Companies}
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL)

• It is India’s largest commercial enterprise, ranking 116th on the Fortune

Global 500 listing (2008).

• The Indian Oil Group of Companies owns and operates 10 of India's 19

refineries with a combined refining capacity of 60.2 million metric tons per
year.

• Indian Oil operates the largest and the widest network of fuel stations in the
country, numbering about 17606.

• It reaches Indane cooking gas to over 47.5 million households through a

network of 4,990 Indian distributors.
echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {The Navratna Companies}
Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (ONGC)

• Indian public sector petroleum company. It is a Fortune Global 500

company ranked 335th, and contributes 77% of India's crude oil production
and 81% of India's natural gas production.

• ONGC is engaged in exploration and production activities. It is

involved in exploring for and exploiting hydrocarbons in 26
sedimentary basins of India. It produces about 30% of India's crude
oil requirement. It owns and operates more than 11,000 kilometers
of pipelines in India.

• Its major resources are various sites in Assam & Bombay High.
echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {The Navratna Companies}
National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC)

• NTPC Limited (Formerly National Thermal Power Corporation) is the

largest power generation company in India. Forbes Global 2000 for 2008
ranked it 411th in the world.

• NTPC's core business is engineering, construction and operation of power

generating plants and providing consultancy to power utilities in India and
abroad.

• NTPC also owns 15 Coal Based Plants (23,895 MW) & 7 Gas/Liquefied
Fuel Based Plants (3,955 MW).
echanical Engineering and India

Government Sector {The Navratna Companies}

National Aluminum Company (NALCO)

• Asia's largest, and one of the world's leading and the sixth largest,
integrated aluminum complex, encompassing bauxite mining, alumina
refining, aluminum smelting and casting, power generation, rail and port
operations.

• The main units of NALCO are at Damanjodi (Mines & Refinery complex)
and Nalconagar-Angul (Smelter & Power Plant Complex).
echanical Engineering and India
Government Sector {The Navratna Companies}

Steel Authority of
India Ltd. (SAIL)

• SAIL was featured in the 2008 list of Forbes Global 2000 companies at position
647.

• With an annual production of 13.5 million metric tons, SAIL is the 16th largest
steel producer in the world.

• Major plants owned by SAIL are located at Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur, Rourkela,
Burnpur (near Asansol) and Salem.
echanical Engineering and India

Private Sector
• Hindustan motors

• Maruti Udyog

• Hero Honda

• Bajaj Auto

• Tata Industries

• Reliance Petroleum
Mechanical Engineering
and India
Private Sector

Hindustan Motors

• It is part of the Birla Technical Services Industrial Group.

• It is the producer of the famous Ambassador car, widely used as a taxicab and as a
government limousine.

• It has a joint venture with Mitsubishi (Lancer & Pajero)

• It has plants at Uttarpara (U.P.); Pithampur (M.P.); Thiruvallur & Hosur (T.N.)
 Mechanical
Engineering and India
Private Sector

Maruti Udyog

• It is a leading four-wheeler automobile manufacturer in South Asia. Suzuki

Motor Corporation of Japan holds a majority stake in the company.

• Till now launched more than 12 cars with more than 20 models.

• Major products are Maruti 800 (’93), Omni (’84), Wagon-r (’99), Alto (y2k),
Swift (’05) & Grand Vitara (’07).
echanical Engineering and India

Private Sector

Hero Honda

• Hero Honda is a joint venture that began in 1984 between the Hero Group
of India and Honda of Japan.

• 3rd largest manufacturer of motor-cycles after Honda & Yamaha.

• Has plants at Dharuhera & Gurgaon in Haryana & Haridwar in Uttarakhand.

echanical Engineering and India
Private Sector
Bajaj Auto

• It is India's largest and the world's 4th largest two- and three-wheeler maker.

• It is based in Pune, Maharashtra, with plants in Akurdi and Chakan (near

Pune), Waluj (near Aurangabad) and Pantnagar in Uttarakhand.

• This company shot to fame with its punch line of “Hamara Bajaj” for its
scooters Bajaj Chetak & Bajaj Super.
echanical Engineering and India
Private Sector

Tata Steel

• Tata Steel annually produces 9 million tonnes of steel in India and 21.4
million tonnes overseas, making it the fifth largest steel producer in the
world.

• Its main plant is located in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand which produced a

record-breaking 5.0 million tonnes of salable steel in 2007-08.

• Took over Anglo Dutch steel maker CORUS in a £6.7 billion deal.
 Mechanical
Engineering and India
Private Sector

Tata Motors

• It is India's largest passenger automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturing company.

• Tata Motors has its manufacturing base in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar, Lucknow, Ahmedabad
and Pune.

• Has bought Daewoo's trucks & Ford’s Jaguar & Land Rover.
 Mechanical
Engineering and India
Private Sector
Reliance Petroleum

• Refining activities of Reliance Industries Limited are carried out at the

Jamnagar refinery complex with refining capacity of 27 million tonnes per
annum (540,000 barrels per day).

• The Company's refinery at Jamnagar is the third largest refinery at a single

location in the world.
 Future
Prospects

The future of Mechanical Engineering is very bright. Being

the core field of engineering it will always be needed in various other
fields of engineering.

In India, till 2015, big guns like Arcelor Mittal & Tata steel are
planning to invest 7000 crores. In the PSU’s NALCO & SAIL will be
jointly investing 40,000 crores in developing and starting various
manufacturing units.

World Market is too not far behind with all the big corporate
houses having set their feet in this field.

All this is due to the rapid rate of advancement in the field of

Mechanical technology.
The Final Briefing
Thanks…..