Anal stage The psychosexual stage corresponding roughly to the period of toilet training (ages 1 to 3).

Anal-expulsive
A disorderly, destructive, cruel, or messy person.
personality
Anal-retentive
A person who is obstinate, stingy, or compulsive, and who generally has difficulty letting go.
personality
Bait shyness An unwillingness or hesitation on the part of animals to eat a particular food.
Behavioral
Recording the frequency of various behaviors.
assessment
Behavioral
The study of inherited behavioral traits and tendencies.
genetics
Behavioral
personality Any model of personality that emphasizes learning and observable behavior.
theory
Brief
A modern therapy based on psychoanalytic theory but designed to produce insights more
psychodynami
quickly.
c therapy
Cardinal trait A personality trait so basic that all of a person's activities relate to it.
Central traits The core traits that characterize an individual personality.
Character Personal characteristics that have been judged or evaluated; a person's desirable or
undesirable qualities.
Common traits Personality traits that are shared by most members of a particular culture.
Conditions of Internal standards used to judge the value of one's thoughts, actions, feelings, or
worth experiences.
Conscience The part of the superego that causes guilt when its standards are not met.
Critical
Situations during childhood that are capable of leaving a lasting imprint on personality.
situations
Cue External stimuli that guide responses, especially by signaling the presence or absence of
reinforcement.
Direct
Assessing behavior through direct surveillance.
observation
Displaced
Redirecting aggression to a target other than the actual source of one's frustration.
aggression
Displacement Directing emotions or actions toward safe or unimportant dream images.
Drive The psychological expression of internal needs or valued goals strong enough to goad a
person to action—for example, hunger, thirst, or a drive for success.
Ego The executive part of personality that directs rational behavior.
Ego ideal The part of the superego representing ideal behavior; a source of pride when its standards
are met.
Electra conflict A girl's sexual attraction to her father and feelings of rivalry with her mother.
Erogenous
Any body area that produces pleasurable sensations.
zone
Evaluation
Fears of being inadequate, embarrassed, ridiculed, or rejected.
fears
Expectancy An anticipation concerning future events or relationships, including anticipation about the
effect a response will have, especially regarding reinforcement.
Expressive
Behaviors that express or communicate emotion or personal feelings.
behaviors
Extrovert A person whose attention is directed outward; a bold, outgoing person.
1
INCORREC Octavia enjoys being around others and is well-known for her social grace.
T She is warm and engaging with everyone she meets regardless of whether
the setting is the classroom, her workplace, a restaurant, or her own
home. Based on this information and relying on the Five Factor Model, we
can say that she would be MOST likely to score high in

AAgreeableness.
)

BNeuroticism
)

COpenness.
)

DConscientiousness.
)

2 4

2
INCORREC Elijah often worries about his future. He almost always lies awake the night
T before a test concerned that he will fail. On the rare occasion that he does
receive a grade that is lower than the one for which he hoped, he becomes
depressed and irritable. His friends tease him that he takes everything far
too seriously, or that he's going to have a nervous breakdown before he
reaches 20. Based on this information and relying on the Five Factor
Model, we can say that Elijah would be MOST likely to score high in

AAgreeableness.
)

BNeuroticism
)

COpenness.
)

DConscientiousness.
)
 3 4

3 CORRECT
While Layne's friends enjoy her sense of humor and warmth, they are
often frustrated by her inability to get places on time. Worse, she rarely
calls to say she will be late, and sometimes she doesn't show up at all. She
hates to commit to anything beforehand and seems to make decisions
based on her moods, regardless of how those behaviors might affect
others. Based on this information and relying on the Five Factor Model, we
can say that Layne would be MOST likely to score low in

AAgreeableness.
)

BNeuroticism
)

COpenness.
)

DConscientiousness.
)

4 4

4
INCORREC Since her physician told Fabienne that she needs to lose weight to improve
T her health, she has been trying to eat healthily. But every time she goes
out to a restaurant, she can't resist ordering several unhealthy desserts.
Her friends suggest that she try to eat the foods she craves in moderation,
but she tells them that when she sees the sweets she's not "supposed" to
eat, she can focus on nothing but how badly she wants them. Freud would
say that Fabienne's _____________ is encouraging her to overeat certain
foods.

Aid
)

Bego
)

Csuperego
)
preconscious

D
 )

5 4

5
INCORREC Elke lends a friend some money but the friend doesn't pay her back when
T he said he would. Though Elke feels angry, her mother taught her that it is
rude to yell or say anything that might upset someone else, so she
pretends she isn't angry and asks the friend to pay her back in a month.
Freud would say that Elke's __________________ told her she shouldn't
show anger towards others.

Aid
)

Bego
)

Csuperego
)

Dpreconscious
)

6 4

6
INCORREC Cerys has read all the books on mythology in his school's library, and he is
T intrigued by how the stories all seem to have similar elements and themes.
In each story there is a hero and a villain, a damsel in distress, a wise old
man or woman to guide the hero, and a funny sidekick. Jung would tell
Cerys that the commonalities are there because the story creators were all
tapping the

Acollective unconscious.
)

Bpersonal fable.
)

Cimaginary audience.
)
 Dpersonal unconscious.
)

7 4

7
INCORREC Cerys has read all the books on mythology in his school's library, and he is
T intrigued by how the stories all seem to have similar elements and themes.
In each story there is a hero and a villain, a damsel in distress, a wise old
man or woman to guide the hero, and a funny sidekick. Jung would tell
Cerys that the hero, the villain, the wise mentor, the love interest, and the
sidekick are all patterns of interpreting experience called

Aarchetypes.
)

Bobject relations.
)

Cpsychodynamics.
)

Dmandalas.
)

8 4

8 CORRECT
Dr. Drust asks his client Nairi to complete a test that will help him pinpoint
the type of depression she has and which personality characteristics may
be contributing to her problem. The test consists of 567 true and false
questions and addresses attitudes and emotions, behaviors and symptoms,
and life history. Dr. Drust has given Nairi the

ARorschach.
)

BThematic Apperception Test (TAT).

)

CMinnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2).

)
 DNEO-PI.
)

9 4

9
INCORREC Dr. Vartan shows his client Dallas 12 different pictures and asks him to tell
T a story about each one. When Dallas has looked at all the cards, the two of
them review the stories together, looking for recurrent themes. Dallas has
just taken the

ARorschach.
)

BThematic Apperception Test (TAT).

)

CMinnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2).

)

DNEO-PI.
)

1 CORRECT is an enduring pattern of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral

ways of responding to the environment.

The Correct Answer: Personality

Your Answer: personality

2 INCORRECT Freud believed that psychological problems were ; in other

words, they were caused by multiple unconscious processes.

The Correct Answer: overdetermined

Your Answer: personality
3 INCORRECT
Freud considered the to be the psyche's conscience.

The Correct Answer: superego

Your Answer: personality

When a person is unable to successfully navigate the challenges of a

specific stage of psychosexual development, thereby not progressing to
4 INCORRECT

the next stage, that person is .

The Correct Answer: fixated

Your Answer: personaliry

5 INCORRECT The is a personality assessment that involves presenting

people with pictures and asking them to tell a story about what is
happening in the picture.

The Correct Answer: Thematic Apperception Test

Your Answer: personality

1 CORRECT
Freud believed that everything we do is by our desire to have sexual
intercourse.

ATrue
)

BFalse
)

2 2

2 CORRECT
Personality is thought to be comprised of traits.
 ATrue
)

BFalse
)

3 2

3 CORRECT
Personalities and traits are the same things.

ATrue
)

BFalse
)

4 2

4
INCORREC Events in our lives are more important predictors of happiness and well-being
T than are our personalities.

ATrue
)

BFalse
)

5 2

5
INCORREC Introverts tend to be unhappy.
T

ATrue
)
 BFalse
)

6 2

6 CORRECT
Self-efficacy can be impacted by behavior.

ATrue
)

BFalse
)

7 2

7
INCORREC Walter Mischel believed that traits cause people to behave the same way
T across a variety of situations.

ATrue
)

BFalse
)

8 2

8
INCORREC The Type A Personality is related to coronary problems because Type A
T individuals are consistently on-the-go.

ATrue
)

BFalse
)
 9 2

9 CORRECT
Though optimists may have a less realistic view of the world, they tend to be
healthier than pessimists.

ATrue
)

BFalse
)

10 2

10
CORRECT States are more enduring than traits.

ATrue
)

BFalse
)

11 2

11
INCORREC The cognitive-affective processing systems approach would predict that
T Heather will be reserved around her friends, in class, and at work.

ATrue
)

BFalse
)