Types of Operating Systems

Real-time Operating Systems (RTOS) – are mainly used to control machinery, scientific
instruments and industrial systems.

Single User Operating System – it is designed for one user to effectively use a computer at a
time

Multi-User Operating System - This type of OS allows multiple users to simultaneously use the
system, while here as well, the processor splits its resources and handles one user at a time, the
speed and efficiency at which it does this makes it apparent that users are simultaneously using
the system

Single-tasking Operating System - When a single program is allowed to run at a time, the
system is grouped under a single-tasking system,

Multi-tasking Operating System - The operating system allows the execution of multiple tasks
at one time. Multi-tasking can be of two types namely, pre-emptive or co-operative. In pre-
emptive multitasking, the operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates one slot to each of
the programs. Unix-like operating systems such as Solaris and Linux support pre-emptive
multitasking. In cooperative multitasking each program can control the CPU for as long as it
needs it. If a program is not using the CPU, however, it can allow another program to use it
temporarily. Microsoft Windows 3.x and the MultiFinder (for Macintosh computers) used to
support cooperative multitasking.

Multiprocessing – the use of two or more central processing units (CPUs) within a single
computer system. The term also refers to the ability of a system to support more than one
processor and/or the ability to allocate tasks between them.

Multithreading –an operating system that can execute the different parts of the program, called threads,
simultaneously.

Distributed Operating System: An operating system that manages a group of independent

computers and makes them appear to be a single computer is known as a distributed operating
system. The development of networked computers that could be linked and communicate with
each other, gave rise to distributed computing. When computers in a group work in cooperation,
they make a distributed system.

Embedded System: The operating systems designed for being used in embedded computer
systems are known as embedded operating systems. They are designed to operate on small
machines like PDAs with less autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited number of
resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by design. Windows CE, FreeBSD and
Minix 3 are some examples of embedded operating systems.