Ventilation for Tunneling

„Ventilation“
 Requirements for Humans
and Machines

SiA 196
Schweizerischer
sufficient
Ingenieur- und Architekten-Verein
fresh air
Dust from Explosives

Amax
V = 0,3 m/s

SiA 196
Schweizerischer
Ingenieur- und Architekten-Verein
Natural Gas (Methane)

Amax
V = 0,5 m/s

SiA 196
Schweizerischer
Ingenieur- und Architekten-Verein
 Factors for Calculating Fresh Air

- size of construction, profile section, length etc.

- kind of header

- emission of exhaust arise / engine power

- dust emission

furthermore:
temperature development, location of the site, branched tunnel etc.

interpretation of fan layout

 Blowing Ventilation
Systems of Ventilation
Constant Tunnel Header

min. 10m distance

to the portal

duct line
5 x √A

fan

A = area of profile section (profile area)

Profile Of Air Flow At Duct End
 Blowing Ventilation
Systems of Ventilation
Mining with Crown and Bench

duct line

fan

crown

bench
 Blowing Ventilation
Systems of Ventilation
Mining with Crown and Bench

duct line bypass

fan

crown

bench
 Blowing Ventilation
Systems of Ventilation
Mining with Crown and Bench
Secondary Ventilation

duct line secondary ventilation

fan

crown

bench
Installation of Booster Fan
 Blowing Ventilation
Systems of Ventilation
Tunnel with Ventilation Shaft

ventilation shaft

fan
 Blowing Ventilation
Systems of Ventilation
Using Dust Removing Plant
(possible for longer heading)

duct storage blowing suction pipe TSM dust wall

duct V~18 m/s

fan

fan dust remover

ventilation
suction – side of clean air

1-2√A > 11√A ≤¼√A

2/3 h

overlap laminar area of flow

1/3 h
zone of dust

A = area of profile section (profile area)

 Suction Ventilation
Systems of Ventilation
Constant Tunnel Header with Focused Ventilation

duct line

fan

fan
 Circulate Ventilation
Systems of Ventilation
Tunnel with Ventilation Shaft

ventilation shaft

fan
 Circulate Ventilation
Systems of Ventilation
Main Tunnel with Pilot Gallery

fan

pilot gallery
 Selection Of Size / Type Of
Ducts
• Lay Flat Flexible Ducts
• Semi rigid Flexible Ducts
• A) Heavy Duty Ducts with 75 mm-150 mm
pitch
• B) Light Duty Ducts with 350 mm pitch
• Elliptical /Twin Flexible Ducts
Lay Flat Flexible Ducts
Lay Flat Flexible tubing's when the
fan is stopped
Ducts With Double Suspension
LAY FLAT SEMIRIGID TUBINGS
LAY FLAT SEMI RIGID TUBINGS
Semi Rigid Ducts
HANGING ARRANGEMENT
JOINING ARRANGEMENTS
 Elliptical Ducts From
Anand Mincons
For Restricted Head Room
Conditions
Elliptical ducts Can be installed
either vertically or horizontally
 Retains its elliptical shape
even when the fan is stopped
Merits of Elliptical Flexible Ducts
• 1) accommodation of a bigger cross
sectional area of ducts, requiring less no
of fans especially in long tunnels
• 2) reduced power cost
• 3) reduced rating of fan motor and power
generating station
• 4) better standard of ventilation greater air
flow at the face for improved productivity
• 5) less prone to physical damage
EFFECT OF DIAMETER OF
DUCTS
Graph From SIA196 For Static Pressure & Fan Discharge
 Axial Flow Fan
Function
Axial Flow Fan for Underground Buildings
P [Pa]

efficiency η

80% 84% 78% 72% 64%

4000

Stable
3500
area

3000 flow breaking point

(point of stall)
2500

2000

1500

1000
Pdyn

500

0
10 15 20 V [m3/s]
FAN IN SERIES