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Electro Magnetic Compliance

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 1


Overview of EMC

l EMC- Electromagnetic Compatibility


l Capability of an electronic system to function
compatibly with other electronic systems and
not produce or be susceptible to interference
l A system is electromagnetically compatible if:
l It does not cause interference with other
systems
l It is not susceptible to emissions from other
systems
l It does not cause interference with itself

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 2


EMC Vs EMI or RFI

l Subject matter was referred to as EMI or


RFI
l EMI is Electromagnetic Interference
l RFI is Radio Frequency Interference
l Design community created the term EMC to
more positively refer to these conditions

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 3


Composition of EMC

Source Transfer path Receptor


(emitter) (coupling) (receiver)

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 4


Preventing Interference
Subgroups
l Radiated Emissions

Noisy
Component

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 5


Preventing Interference
Subgroups
l Radiated Susceptibility (Immunity)

Potentially
Susceptible
Component

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 6


Preventing Interference
Subgroups
l Conducted Emissions

Noisy
Component

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Preventing Interference
Subgroups
l Conducted Susceptibility (Immunity)

Potentially
Susceptible
Component

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 8


Popular Instances of EMC

l Emissions
l Protect nearby radio receivers.

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Popular Instances of EMC

l Radio Frequency Interference


l Protect against nearby radio transmitters.

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 10


Popular Instances of EMC

l ESD - Electrostatic Discharge


l Transfer of static charge between the
application and something else

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 11


Popular Instances of EMC

l EFT - Electrical Fast Transients (Power


Disturbance)
l Power Disturbance to equipment

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 12


Popular Instances of EMC

l Flicker & Harmonics


l Power Disturbance from equipment
l Noise on power lines by inductive switching
within the equipment

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 13


Popular Instances of EMC

l Lightning
l Indirect strike of lightning (Power “Surge”)

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 14


Popular Instances of EMC

l EMP - Electromagnetic Pulse


l Intense electromagnetic wave caused by a
nuclear detonation

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 15


Regulations

l FCC-Federal Communications Commission


l IEC - International Electrotechnical
Commission
l Military
l Medical
l Vehicular
l Other

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 16


FCC

l Focus on emissions
Any unintentional radiator (device or system)
that generates and uses timing pulses at a rate
in excess of 9000 pulses (cycles) per second
and uses digital techniques …
l Defines two classes
l Class A: marketed for use in commercial,
industrial or business environments
l Class B: marketed for use in residential
environment, but includes use in commercial
industrial or business environments
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 17
IEC

l International body that process regulations to


facilitate trade between countries
l Regulations focus on both emissions and immunity
l Standards include the IEC 61000-x-x
l Also include CISPR standards
l International Special Committee on Radio
Interference includes CISPR 11, 22
l Two types of standards

l Basic standard covers specific interference

l Product standard covers specific products


© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 18
IEC Standards

l 60601 -> Medical electrical equipment


l 61000-3 -> Electromagnetic Compatibility
l 61000-4-2 -> ESD
l 61000-4-3 -> Radiated Electromagnetic Field
l 61000-4-4 -> EFT/Burst
l 61000-4-5 -> Surge
l 61000-4-6 -> RF Field Conducted Disturbances
l 61000-4-11 -> Voltage dips and interruptions

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 19


IEC Standards
CISPR
l 11 -> Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM)
radio frequency equipment
l 14 -> Electromagnetic Compatibility -
Requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus
l 22 -> Information Technology Equipment
(ITE)

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 20


Military Standards

l Military standards focus on both emissions and


susceptibility
l Includes electronic equipment used:
l Submarines to outer space

l desert to arctic environments

l computers, control systems, radio


communications
l Standards are application specific
l Standards can be negotiated
l MIL -STD-461E is key EMI specification
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 21
Telecom Standards

l Telecom standards focus on both emissions and


susceptibility
l Includes telecommunication equipments
l BELLCORE GR1089 is a key specification

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 22


Medical Standards

l Prime concern is reliable and safe operation of


equipment
l Main focus on immunity to ESD, RF fields, and
power disturbances
l Medical devices exempt from FCC in US
l No mandatory EMI requirements

l FDA recommends IEC 60601

l Europe uses IEC 60601


l Standards depend on application
l Current leakage based standards
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 23
Vehicular Standards

l Among the toughest standards in the world


l Covers planes, trains and automobiles
l Electronics operate in extremely harsh
conditions
l Also extremely cost sensitive
l Focus on immunity and emissions
l Society of Automotive Engineers publishes
standards
l SAE J551 and J1113
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 24
Other Standards

l ANSI/ESD-S20.20 -> Protection of Electrical


and Electronic Parts, Assemblies and
Equipment

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No Standards!!!

l “Environmental Noise Effect”


l Spark generator l Large Motors
l Igniters l RF Heaters
l Arc welders l Relays
l Thyristor drives

l ‘Bad’ power conditions


l Switch Mode Power
Supplies
l Transformerless power
supplies

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 26


Cost of Addressing EMC Issues
Cost of Addressing EMC

Concept Design Layout Prototype Testing Production


© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 27
Objectives
(Initial Seminars)

l Focus on EMC subgroups


l “It is not susceptible to emissions from other
systems”
l Electrical Fast Transients (EFT)

l Electro Static Discharge (ESD)


l “It does not cause interference with itself ”
l Inductive Loads

l Connectors/ Cables

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 28


Objectives
(Initial Seminars)

l Focus Applications
l Cost Sensitive Applications (Single/ Two layer
Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) )
l Typical Application
l Uses microcontroller and some digital glue
logic
l Uses some analog blocks

l Does power control through Relays / Triacs


l May use transformerless power supply

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 29


Objectives
(Initial Seminars)

l Procedure
l Explain fundamentals
l Provide simple low cost Tips & Tricks for,
l Schematic, component placement & PCB
layout
l Use cheap (mainly passive) components

l Component selection

© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 30


What’s coming?
l EMC overview
l EFT standard - IEC 61000-4-4
l ESD standard - IEC 61000-4-2
l Noise fundamentals
l Transformerless power supplies
l Component selection
l PCB layout fundamentals
l Tips & tricks, Tips & tricks, Tips & tricks…..
l Case Studies
l Etc, Etc….
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 31

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