One sample t-test is a statistical procedure that is used to know the mean difference

between the sample and the known value of the population mean. In one sample t-test, we
know the population mean. We draw a random sample from the population and then
compare the sample mean with the population mean and make a statistical decision as to
whether or not the sample mean is different from the population. In one sample size,
sample size should be less than 30. For example, we can use this when we take a sample
from the city and we know the mean of the country (population mean). If we want to
know whether the city mean differs from the country mean and we want to compare the
two means, we will use the statistical test known as the one sample t-test.

Assumptions in One sample t-test:

1. In one sample t-test, dependent variables should be normally distributed.
2. In one sample t-test, samples drawn from the population should be random.
3. In one sample t-test, cases of the samples should be independent.
4. In one sample t-test, sample size should be less than 30.
5. In one sample t-test, we should know the population mean.

Procedure for one sample t-test:

1. Set up the hypothesis for one sample t-test :

a. Null hypothesis: In one sample t-test, null hypothesis assumes that there are no
significance differences between the population mean and the sample mean.
b. Alternative hypothesis: In one sample t-test, the alternative hypothesis assumes that
there is a significant difference between the population mean and the sample mean.

1. Calculate the standard deviation for one sample t-test by using this formula:

Where,
S = Standard deviation for one sample t-test

= Sample mean

n = number of observations in sample

1. Calculate the value of the one sample t-test, by using this formula:
Where,
t = one sample t-test

= population mean

1. Calculate the degree of freedom by using this formula:

V=n–1
Where,
V= degree of freedom

1. Hypothesis testing: In hypothesis testing for the one sample t-test, statistical
decisions are made to decide whether or not the population mean and the same
mean are different. In hypothesis testing, we will compare the calculated value
with the table value. If the calculated value of the one sample t-test is greater than
the table value, then we will reject the null hypothesis. Otherwise, we will reject
the alternative hypothesis.

One sample t-test and SPSS:

In most of the statistical software, one sample t-test options are available. In SPSS, to
perform the one sample t-test, we use the following procedures:
1. Click on the “SPSS 16″ icon from the start menu.
2. Click on the “open data” icon and select the “data one sample t-test.”
3. Click on the “analysis” option and select the “compare mean” option, from the
analysis.
4. Select “one sample t-test” from the compare mean option. As we click on the one
sample t-test, the following window will appear:

This window is called the one sample t-test window. In this window, select the dependent
variable and insert them into the test variable box. Type the population mean value in the
test value box. Click on “option” and select the “percentage of confidence interval.” As
we click on the “ok” button, the result table for the one sample t-test will appear in front
of us. The following table will appear in the result window.
One sample t-test descriptive statistical table: This table will show the total number in
the sample, the mean, the standard deviation and the standard error for the one sample t-
test.

One sample t-test table: The table below will show the mean value of the population
mean. This table will show the value for the one sample t-test, the degree of freedom and
the significance value. By using this significance value, we can make a statistical
decision as to whether or not the population mean and the sample mean are equal. If the
significance value is less than the predetermined significance level, then we can reject the
null hypothesis and conclude that the population mean and the sample mean are
statistically different. If the calculated value is greater than the predetermined
significance level, than we can accept the null hypothesis and conclude that the mean of
the population and sample are statistically equal.