AKA.

LJ:EMIIH HA YK CCCP HHCTHTYT CJIABHHOBE,LJ;EHHH H EAJIKAHHCTHKH

EAJITO-CJIAB5IHCKJ1E J1CCJIE;J:OBAHM5I

1982

1I3,l\aTeJIbCTBO «HaYKa» MOCKBa

1983

BA. uuso

fIPACJIABHHCKOE PACllPEJlEJIEHHE AKUEHTHblX TlmOB B nPE3EHCE TEMATHQECKI1X rnxronoa

C KOPHHMH HA HEhIYMHblE

(MaTepHaJ1b1 K peKOHCTPYKlJ,HH) 1

. PeAaKUIIOHHaJi KonnerllH:

II. Hexoropue oonOIlHeHUJI U YTO'lHeHUJI K xapaxrepuctuxe pJloa opeBHUX I03ICHOCJzaBJlHCKUX aK~eHTHb!X CUCTeM npeseuca' .

III. Marepuanu K peKOHCTpYK~UU pacnpeoenenun aK~eHTHb!X TunOB Y npe- 3eHCOB II epynnsi. EaIlTO-CllaBJlHCKUe UCTOKU onucaunoeo p acnpeoeneuus.

II. B npouecce rry6JUfKaJ.J,HI1 HaCTOHmeH pa60Tbl 06HapY)!<tmaCb ueooxonnMOCTb BBeCTJ1 onpenenennsre rrOHCHeHllH 11 nonornrenna K naHHOH, panee (CM. yxaaannsre B CH. 2 pa60TbI) xapaxrepncrnxe pana IO)!(HOCnaBHHCKI1X axuenrHbIX CI1CTeM npeaeaca.

Ol{eBI1)],Ho, l{TO CpaBHI1BaeMbIH MaTepHan B KaKOM-TO OTHOIIIeHI1H HeO)],HO- 3Hal{eH. <l>aKTI1l{eCKH a.n. b B paCCMaTpl1BaeMOH rpyrme rnarorron OTnl1'laeTCH OT a.n, a caoeir axueanroa KPI1BOH nl1IIIb B BOCTOl{HOCnaBHHCKI1X H3bIKax3. B BOCTOI.{H060rrrapCKI1X naanexrax ysce C cpennetionrapcxoro nepnona tPopMa 1 sg. praes. cooTBeTcTBYIOlll,HX rnaroncs HMeeT HaKopeHHYIO aKlleHToBKY, r.e, COBIIa)],aer C axuenromcoa )foii: )!(e tPOPMbI y rnaronoa IIepBI1l{Hoii: a.n. a. To )!(e OrHOCI1TCH H K npennonosorrern.ao crapOMaKe)],OHCKI1M rexcrara (0 IIHCbM. 11 MY3. N° 3070). B 060l1x nmax CI1CTeM aKlleHTOBKa tPOPMhI lsg. praes. rnaronos a.II. C crnaxaerca or aKlleHrOBKI1 :noii: )!(e tPOPMbI rnarOnOB aKIIeHTHbIX napanarxr a 11 b Hanl1l{l1eM y Hee orranyroro na IIpHcTaBKY rum OTpl1IIaHl1e ynapeaaa 11 neperaxocoii ero B cnyxae CnenOBaHl1H sa noii: crtoBO<i>OPMOii: 3HKnl1Tl1Kl1 na IIocne)],HIOIO I1nl1 aa cnor nenocpencraemro nepen HeR. Onnaxo TaKaH OTTH)!(Ka B ceBepo-BOCTOl{HbIX cpenaefionrapcxax rexcrax, IIO-BI1)],liMOMY, yxe rpaxynsrarnana.

TaKI1M 06pa30M, OCTaeTCH B cane naaaaa panee xapaxrepacraxa BOCTO'lHbIX cpen,He60nrapCKI1X 11 crapovaxenoacxoa axuearnux CHCTeM, HO H3 MaTepH:lJ1a "ThlPHOBcKOii: rpynnsr" TeKCTOB cnenyer I1CKnlOl{l1Tb MaTepl1an "HOPOBCKOii: ncanrsrpn". Cnnounroe 06CnenOBaHl1e aKlleHTOBKI1 aroro IIal\<nITHHKa H arrpn- 6Yil,HH psna He6pe)!(HO nanacanaux Ha)],CTPOl{HblX 3HaKOB KaK 3HaKOB axuenra II03BonHeT YCTaHOBI1Tb, l{TO tPopMa 1 sg. praes. rnaronos a.II. C B naHHOM TeKCTe peryrrHpHO I1MeeT KOHel{HOe ynapenae, cp.:

TPCTIIl! asnrycx e)f(erOAHIIKa BKnIOqaeT crarsa IIO sonpocara GanTlltlcKoro, cnaaxncxoro II IIHAOeBponetlcKoro H3blK03HaHIIlI, a raxxce no IICTOPIIII 3THHqeCKIIX II sraoxynvrypaux CBIl3el! GanTo-crraHlIHCKoro II CMe)f(HblX C HIIM apeanoa.

Bss.Bc. H6al106 (ors. penaxrop},

x.tt. KopcaKac, s.tt. MaJ/C/oJluc, nr. He6cl(QJI, M.K Pyosure, T.M. CYOIIUK (OTB. cexpcraps) , A.E. Cynpyu, B.H. Tonopoe, O.H. Tpytiasee

4602000000-116

s 80-83,1

042(02)-83

©113)l.aTenbCT80 "HaYKa", 1983 r.

I I qaCTb pafiorsr CM. 8 cG.: Barrro-cnasxacxxe IICC)leAOBaHII1I198I. M., 1982. c. 205-261. 2 eM.: ,abz60 BA. Cpermefionrapcxae TeKCTbl KaK IICTOqHIIK nns peKoHcrpYKU1I1I rrpaCJIa8l1HCKoro YAapeHIIH (praesens). - B.H, 1969. NQ 6; 011 »ce. 3aKOH Bacum.ena - IloJIoGKo II axnearyauaa <t>OPM rnarona B npeanepyccxora II cpczmetionrapcxora. - B.H, 31971, NQ2.

MLl OTBJIeKaeMClI 3ACCb OT rex nnanexros BOCTOqHOCnaBlIHCKIIX 1I3bIKOB, B l<OTOPbIX 3TOPalJIllqlle OTCYTcTByeT.

3

A.II.a4

1 -I- 1 7 ,... 7 I ....

. IIPb)],bCTaHX TH 16a (nna a.II. cp.: craae TH LIc. lump. 6 a, BbClaHe

ib., 22a; Ap·-PYCCK. Bcnrn~ nco N° 62, 60a, IIp'tCT:lli~ lb. 36 ~ocd.H"f'cA qYA. 524, i BCT~OYib. 71, COBp. PYCCK. npeOCT{{HY, npeoctdueuo. H·T.A.).

". , 4 . f 'I"

2. B'h3barrllA 85a 6 (nna a.II. cp.: AP.-PyccK.3n4eTb qy)],. 105 ,Ill . H amcara.

ib., '1293, a TaK)I(e CJIOBeH.lc!kati, praes .ldkam, cxpB.llaKOM, CJIOBeH.lc!kom, tdkav H 6arr1.: JIHT. alkti, mill. aikt, - HHTOflaIJ,HoH'Hble OTHOIlleHHll KOTOPbIX CBHAeTeJIbCTBYWT 06 aKYToBoR HHTOHaIJ,HH xopneaoro cnora. Perprrexcsr KOJIHlIeCTB B xeurcx. lakati H CJIOBaIJ,K. lakat', IIO-BHAHMOMY, He IIepBH4HbI. TaK )l(e He nepBHlIHaCOBpeMeHflaH aKu;eHTOBKa B PYCCK. anxdr«),

3. cml~A TA 22a I (nna a.II. cp.: Ii IIPOCJIa'BJIA ;r ne. KHIIp. 13256~ Ii npocnaaaum MA ib., 436, CJI~BHn, ib., 12a, IIpocm{BHT MA ib., ~4a, ~ IIpO-

I .... 1 482 n 'n

CJIaB~ Bocxp, ea. 76; Ap.-PYCCK. IIPOCJIaBJIW qYA. , H IIpOCJIaBJIW C.

,.. , .. , ,.,. q 482 491 1

Nil 62 94a lOla H npocnal arno ib., 159a ~IIpOCJIaBITb YA. , ,IIpOCJIa-

r1!\ ' , , 'I

BHTt ib., 484 , bis HAP,; COBp. PyCCK. Clla81l1O, CIla8UWb H T.A.).

4. ¢4IfIllT.I. CH 1876 6 (nns a.II. cp.: H o~ I rpX cA Ilc. KHIIp. 446 ~ H 64~ I CTHT'b ib., 1366; Ap·-PYCCK. fi 64Hrp~ cA Ilc. N° 62, 18a, 54a; COBp. PYCCK. 'IIIw,y, 'IIICTUWb H 1.A.).

A.II. b

1. He W~nx. 70a 4 (illill a.II. cp.: na wHAeTb 216 4, ib'6rAeT1. 118a 12, o6i,[Aen. TA ISla 7; cp. TaK)I(e: Bb37SAlt Ilc. lump. 119a, 123a, 139a, BbH~.u.l ib., 64, He BbH~n.1. ib., 216, IIoIfnx. ib., 123a, IIPO~nX ib.,37a

• ~ 1 1 ... . "'b 13 '_T n,

H He H3iIAeIllH ib., SIB, BbflHAe ib., 14a, H310meTb I., a, IIpOHIJAI.. ro.,

55a; Ap.-PYCCK. IIPHAOY )l(e qYA. 1153, IIPHI~oy 60 ib., 1204, IIpm:l;OY ib.,

1071, IIpoiulH ib., 1153 ~ &i!f'ib., 482, H3~IAe ib., 34 HAp. IIO)]'.).

2. ~lllITl. 1266 4-5 (nna a.rr. cp.: H Bb36rrpellIH 61a 4, H HrpeTb 626 8; cp. TaK)I(e: Bb3irI.jl1 Ilc. Kanp. 22a, 226, 108a, 1 09a ~ Bb31~rpeTb ib.,39a, He Bb3~lJIen. ib., l Oa, Bb37oIqIXn. ib., 686; Ap.-PYCCK. HO Hrpfo 4.YA. 1293, He iqllb ib., 461, I1:rpw ib., 1211, illrpw ib., 1221, 1293 ~ na B3IfrpeTt' ib., 334 , ~rpeTe ib., 461, itllieTe. ib., 724, i"tpeTe ib., 442, B~'{rpeTe ib., 491,

~ .-,

BlifrpeTe ib. 451, B3~rp'iS ib., 691, itrpeTa ib., 271,414 ; COBp. PYCCK. utuy,

J tuetub H 1.A.).· .

3. MOJIA 92a 12 (nna a.II. cp.: MOJIHMb 5366; cp. TaK)I(e: MOJIA C6.

N° 758, 1986, 232a, 2486, MOJIAcA ib., 235a, 239a ~ MOJIHTCA CJIY)I(· EB<p., 41a, 42a H np., ~MOJIHTCA Ilc, Kanp. 1206, MonHM TH cA CJIY)I(· EB6<P· ,. 426, 776, C6. N° 758, 112a, IIoM6mfMcA nco KHIIp. 153a; A~'-PYCCK. ~omo qYA. 502, bis, 1094, 1281, MonJb ib .. 363, 913, 1662, Molnw ib., 148 ,

MOJIIO ib., 503, 762, 854,1261, 1292,.bis, Molmo ib., 1292, MOJIro ib.,

4 Ynorpefineaae TepMltHOB "a.rr, a" It "a.n. b" Anll cpenaetiorrrapcscax TeKCTOB, TaK see xax H Ami COBpeMeHHblX GOJIrapCKHx AHaneKToB, HMeeT JIHlllb '1ltCTO cpaBHHTeJIbHO-HCTOPH- 4ecKHit CMbICJI: ofie a.n. BblCTynaJOT anecs KaK eAHHbiit HenoABHlKHbiit aKlleHTHblit THn. s B crryuaax: it:qreT'e. qYA. 503, iqreTe ib., 404, nO-BHAHMOMY, OTMe4eHO pHTMH'leCKOe ynapenne.

• Cnyxart: M6mo Ell' qYA., 1613 crienyer , nO-BItAHMOMY, npanacars EJIHlIHHIO cpenac GOJIrapCKOro npororparpa cunaxcapa K qYAOBCKOMY HOBoMY 3aBeTY.

4

1261, MOJIIb )l(e ib., 1194, 1633, Mom6 )l(e ib., 1363, MonIb )l(e cA ib.,

1212, Mom6)1(e B'bI ib., 1072, 1073, MOJIIO)I(e B'bI ib., 1052, Momb TAib., 352, 641, 774, 911, MonI6iTA ib., 311, Monw TA ib., 352, MonIb B'bI ib., 784,791,1194,1611,1612,1613, Monw B'bI ib., 1171, Mom6cAib.,1233,

I ~. . ". 1 , .,. . 4 I

MO IJIwcA 1272, 0YMOJI I ib., 492, oyxromo ib., 50 ~ na MOJIH ib., 90 , MO-

nHTcA ib., 1141, M6JI~' ib., 1182, Ii MOJIHMCA ib., 1344; COBp. PYCCK. MOIl/6, MOIlUWb H 1.A.).

4. H IIomoYMnA cA 199a 9 (nrra a.II. cp.: part. act. rnoYMJIAlJIH cA MHH. N° 678, 508a, rnoYMAlrpH cA ib., 509a; cp. TaK)I(e CXpB. gldmiti, glumim (Skok}, CJIOBeH. glumi ti se, glrimim se, COOTBeTCTBHe KOTOPbIX yxa-

bY "_, (

3bIBaeT aa a.n. . napeaae B CXpB. 2IlYMUTU, 21lYMUM nrpars pons aa

cuene) , nsofipaacars (KorO-JI.)' BTOPH4HO, KaK H, IIO-BH)J,HMOMY, BO BceR rpyrme i-rnarOJIOB C KOHe'lllb!M (lIepBHlIHbIM) YAa~eHHeM IIpH AonrOTHOM xopae. TaK)I(e BTOPHlIHO ynapeirae B PYCCK. 21lYMUWbCfI H LA· H YKp. ZIlYMriWCR H LA·, BepOllTHO, KHH)I(HOe u;epKOBHOCnaBHHCKoe).

A.II. C

1. na no:t 1146 15, noX ii 956 1 (IlliH a.II. cp.: IIofMb 2616 14; cp.

TaK)I(e: IIbA Ilc. Kanp, 1006~H 1I0iTb ib., 55a, BbCIIOI.Tb ib., 55a; Ap.PYCCK. IIbw ne. N° 62, 60a, 756, 153a, 154a, 1786, B09"0W ibp 66, 11a, 62a, bis H AP. ~ BOCIIOIbTb ib.,,,67a; COBp. PYCCK. noetus, noer H 1.A.).

2. 1I0M'llH)I(TA 73a 13,nollitH% 7776, 12, 11562 (IllIH,a.II. cp.: IIOMtH1{ Ilc. Karrp., 1036, If He 1I0MtHlTCA ib., 75a; AP.-PYCCK. 1I0MAHb' Ilc, N° 62,

, , • I.." •

486, 75a, 82a, He 1I0Mh..H~ ib., 147a ~IIoMAHellIH ib., 165a, IIOMAH8 ib., 216).

3. 601cA 83a 1 (nna a.n, cp.: Ii 6m(McA (?) 2596 12; cp. TaK)I(e: He

b , Ii' • 1.' . A "6 n

060HillH Ilc. Kanp. 836, H ~60I.TCA ib., 546; Ap.-PYCCK. xoroca oy 010 C.

N° 62, 246, Hl oy60wc~ ib., 22a, 586, Heioy60wcA ib., 22a ~He oy601H'TCA ib., 25a; COBp. RYCCK. 6oJwbcR, 60UTCR H 1.A.).

4. na H3BtCTA 23a 8 (illill a.n. cp.: H3BtCTHMb 1346 8, aor. 3 sg B~3BtCTH 1886 13; cp. TaK)I(e: H Bb3BtcnlT'l. Ilc. Kanp. 134a,Bb3Btl cnlMb ib., 726, BbI3BtCTAT" ib., 616 H nOA.; Ap.-PYCCK. B63B1>rp~ Ilc, N° 62, 75a, bis., 96a, H B63Btrp~ ib., 576 ~ BoI3BtCT.{T'D ib., 546; COBp. PYCCK. e03- eecruia«, 8038ecTriT H 1.A.).

, Ii' , 6.... 1

5. 6narOCJIOBA 286 15. 6nrnBATA 1006 6 (IlliH a.n, cp.: nrocnosav

"E' 1 ICII

(1 pl. praes.) 2616 15; cp. TaK)I(e: 6JIBHIllH Ilc, Knnp. 66, 6JIBHTloib., 24a,

'i'l . 'i'l 'C' '

6IIBliTcA ib., 43a, a TaK)I(e: inf, 6JIBHTH CJIY)I(. EB<p. 54a, aor. 3 sg. 6JIBHCA

C 'C' ' ,

nysc, EB<p. 87a, 6JIBH TA TOJIK. IIC. 133a; COBp. PYCCK. 61la20CIl08UWb,

61la2ocIlo8lIT H T.A.).

TalCHM 06pa30M, TeKCT "HOPOBCKOH ncarrrsrpa" cBHAeTeJIbCTByeT 0 aecssra PaHHeM YCTaHoimeHHH KOHe4Horo ynapeaas B <POp Me 1 sg. praes.or rnaro-

8

nOB a.II. C B HeKOTopbIX ceBepO-BOCTOllHbIX 60nrapCKHX AHarreKTax, sro

, B Hop. nco xeunesra B MHOrOCJIOlKHblX CJIOBax, nO-BHAHMOMY, perynapao CTaBHTCli

Han YAapHblM cnorow.

• llaTHpOBKa nasiaraaxa cnopaa, cxopee XIV, 4eM XIII B.,HO npa nOM ecrs OCHOBaHHlI nonarars, 'ITO axuearasre 3HaKH B ero OCHOBHoit '1aCTIt orpascajor MeXaHIt'IeCI<H BocnpOH3BCAeHHYIO TIHCllOM aKlleHTOBKY npororparpa H, CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO, cassa al<I:IeHTHali CHCTeMa, orpaxesaaa B AaHHOM TeKCTe, AOJIlKHa GblTb COOTBeTCTBYIOlllHM 06p1l30M YApeBJIeHa.

5

norrraepacnaer 3Ha'lHTenI.HYK> J],HanCKTHyK> paC'UlCHeHHOCTI. bonrapcxoa H3I.IKOBOH TCPPHTOPHH y)!(e B cpcAHe60nrapcKHH ncpHon.

Ilperrcraarreanoe HH)!(C H3MeHeHHe TpaKTOBKH axuearnon CHCTCMbI <pOPM npeseaca B aananaofionrapcxoxr rexcre He. CHp. CBH3aHO C H3MeHeHHeM orHOIlleHHH K rrpofiner-te yrrorpefirreaaa aapaa B :nOM naMHrHHKe. Hanaxae B rexcre 3HaqHTerrI.Horo xonauecraa cnosorpopra C nByMH HanCrpOqHI.IMH 3HaKaMH, H3 xoropsrx IIepBI.IM ssrcrynana OKCI1H, a BTOPI.IM (KOHeqHI.IM)aapax, C0311,aBaJIO anesarneaae HeHKTYCHoro YilOTpe6neHHH IIOCneI1,HeH9• 011,HaKO I1,OCrarOqHO IIonHI.IH aHaJIH3 acex qaCTeH aKueHTHOH CHCTeMbI naMHrHI1- xa IIOKa3aJI nOKaJIH3al(H10 raxoro ynorpetineaaa BapRH rmun, B OIIpel1,enCHHI.IX qaCTHX CHcreMI.I, rorna KaK B npyrax qaCTHX BapRH ynorpeonarracs HBHO B HKrYCHOM 3HaqeHHH, r.e. ee MeCTO crporo COOTBerCTBOBaJIO CHCTeMHO- HnH cpaBHHrenI.HO-HCropHqeCKH O)!(Hl1,aeMOMY Mecry axryca. EcrecraeaHO, qro B TaKOH caryauaa Her OCHOBaHRH He nosepars 3rOMY 3HaKY H B cnysaax C I1,BYMH axuenraraa. fIO-BHAlIMOMY, I1,BOHHOH arcnear snecs coorsercrayer Hnll aJII.TepHarllBHOH arcuearomce, HnH HaJIHqHIO pHrMHqeCKOrO (aropocreneaaoro) ynapeaaa' 0, MH, sro BepOHrHO, B pane nBycnO)!(HI.IX epOpM IIpH IIOCTaHOBKe nsyx axuearos na CMe)!(HI.IX cnorax, nepenaxe CIIe-

l(HepHqeCKOH aKl(eHTOBKlI epOpM-3HKnllHOMeHOB B AlIaJIeKTe nannoro IIa-

MHrHlIKa.

B reKCTC He, CHp. aKl(CHTHaH xpasaa a.II. b B npeseace y 60JIbIlIRHCrBa rnaronos :HOH a.n., rax )!(e KaK H B BOCrOqH06onrapCKlIX rexcrax, HC OTJIHnaerca OT aKl(eHTHOH KPHBOH a.II. a. Crapoe ynapeane <pOPMI.I 1 sg. praes.; B xasecrae sapaaaruoro coxpaaanocs mnus y ornensasrx rnaronos: MOLt 576, na no6)!(M rA l l l a, IIOKa)!('k 89a; HO cp.: 1. He McJrj. 64a, 108a, 1l0a, 1336, H He Morl. 576, 64a; 2. Uln.t 646, ib@1J,X 111a; 3. nodd 776; 4. n6cnA 1226; 5. IIplleMnA 1286; 6. xcJqL\ 45a, 696, 906, 108a,

, , , ,

112a, He XwqLt 69a, B'bcxwltpX 1296; 7. CbrBopA 646; 8. wnl.qA 576;

I ~ , '" ,.a-

9. mo6A na 110a, B'b3nI06nA 2006; 10. ~MolnA 218a; 11. IIolxw~64a;

.-r I , ,

12. wcrXrrnA 1546; 13. na B'bK8IIIX. 130a; 14. I cA IIOKOpA 686.

OlJ,HaKo a.II. b B rnarOJIbHOH cacresre B uenora B aanazmofionrapcxax rexcrax ornmaerca OT a.II. a IIepeHeceHHI.IM ynapeaaesr na cnenYIOIuRH aa KopHeM cnor B <p0pMax, nocrpoenuux na lIH<pHHHTHBHOH OCHOBe. B sarrannooonrapcxax I1,HaJIeKrax B XIV B., IIO-BlIIJ,HMOMY, uien HHTeHCHBHI.IH npouecc paspyureaaa a.II. C z-rnarorroa H IICpCBOl1,a BXOI1,HBllIlIX B nee .rnaronoa B a.II. b, HO 0 HC3RBepiliCHHOCIlI aroro IIpOl(CCCa caanerenscrsyer, OqeBHnHO, aa-

9 3TO npenrronoxeane OTpalKeHO B naurea paoore "Cpenaerionrapcxae TeKCTbl KaK

IiCTO'IHIIK Anll peKOHCTPYKljll1l npacnanaacxoro ynapenaa (praesens)", c. 90-91.

B COOTBeTCTBll1i C HIfM 1i3 aHanH3HPyeMoro MaTepHana 6Lum ycrpaaensr see CIIOBO<pOPMbl npeseaca C aapnea, 'ITO He Morno He noanaars aa BblBOAI.I.

10 0 pUTMII'IeCKOM YAapeHHII CM.: 3a.nU31lRI{ A.A. Ilporasonocraaneaae 6YKB 0 Ii W B npeaaepyccxoa PYKorrHcH XIV sexa "Mepxrro Ilpasezmoe". - COBeTcKoe cnaasHOBe~HHe, 1978, NQ 5, a 'raxsce I 4aCTL aacroxuiea patiorst (c. 224-235).0 PIiTMli4eCKOM YAapeHIiH B BOCTO'lHblX cpezmedonrapcxax TeKCTax CM.: J(b160 B.A. I1MeHHoe ynapenae B cpenaetionrapcxosr H 3aKOH Bacarn.eaa-dlonoerco. - B KH.:

CnaBRHCKUe H 6anKaHcKoe R3bIK03HaHHe. AHTH'lHal! 6anKaHHcTliKa Ii cpaanaremaaa rpasoaartnca, M., 1977, c. 238-241, rne non "3M<paTlf'leCKHM" YAapeHHeM 06'beAHHeHbI H cnvsaa co6CTBeHHo ":lM<paTli4ecKoro" YAapeHHlI '1aCTHlI, H CJIY'IaH PIiTMIi'1eCKOrO YAapeHHH, rranaiourer-o na 3HKJIliTHKH (0 B03MOlKHOCTH HX pasneneaaa CM. TaKlKC I '1aCTI. aacrosuren padorsr, c. 229) .

6

'\ J1IiqHe 06I.fllHO BapHaRrOB C KOHeqHI.IM YAapeHHeM B npeseace or rnaronon

\, 'a.II. c. B rrtarortax coricraeaao a.II. b TaKHe BapHaHTI.l, KaK npaaano, He scrpesarorcs HnH nOBonI.HO penxa, sa HCKnIOqeHHeM OrMeqeHHI.IX HaMH paJ{~ell <pOPM 2 sg. praes. Oraecenaocrs npencraaneaasrx BI.IllIe <pOPM 1 sg. praes. OT TeMaTHqeCKHX rnaronos (BKJIIOqaH j-praesentia) K a.II. b He rpe- 6yer CIIel(HaJII.HI.IX noxaaarenscra, II03rOMY MI.I IIpHBel1,eM' snecs rrHlllI. MaTepHaJI, IIOIJ,TBep)!(naIOIlU.rn: a.II. b COOTBeTcrBYIOI1UiX i-rrrarorrOB:

,'0' , <;;> I

1. raopar s 41 a, rBlpHTlt 1286-129a, rsopa 8a, C'bTBOPHTh 406 - info

I '6 I

rsopara 86 (cp. B BOCr. 6orrr. rexcrax: CbrBOpHWl1 Crryzc. EB$. 6a, rBO-

pars 30rp. c6. N° 103,375, bis,379, 421, TB6pHM'b Crrysc. EBep. 61a H np·info rB6pHrH 30rp. c6. N° 103, 370, bis, C'bTB6PHTH 30rp. c6. N° 103,

374, 30rp. CB. 8, JIHxl, 7a H r.n.};

2. WlnXqHrcA 22a (-if wn.tq~llIHcA 45a) +inf. pa3nj.qRTH 355 (aa

a.II. b YKa3I.IBaIOr raiose: qaK.-KaHK. XVII B. Pa3nYqHM I'p, 245, cnonea,

l~titi, l~tim, xeurcx. lou/itt, cnosaux, lUl!it' 'pasnyxars', IIOJIbCK. .fq_czyc

'COeIJ,HHHrI.', cp. raxxe CXpB. /lYIjUTU, /lYIjUM H COBp. 6om. /I{lja 'ornenars'};

3. m66HTb 96 ("TII06~llIlI 2156) +inf. nI06RTH 456, He rrI061hH lOa, aor. 3 pI. B'b3rrI06HurX 109a (cp. B socr. 6oJIT. rexcrax: m616rrA C5.N°764, 2336, B'b3rrJ66rrA TA 30rp. CB. 19, m66HllIH na MHH. N° 678, 508a +aor. lsg. B'b3nJ66HX'b C6. N° 758, 216a, part. praet. act. B'b3rrI66HB'b C6. N° 758, 2176, 2606; cp. rarose: qaK.-KaHK. XVII B. lliy6HM, fIOJIby6HM rp. 220, crroaea. IjJbiti, IjUbim; xeurcx. llbiti, cnosamc. ra«: K rOH )!(e a.II. BOCXO-

nsr: CXpB. lby6uTU, J&Y6ii.M H COBp. 60nL/I!J6fl);

4. M6rrHT'b 98a (-IIoMJnlllIl1cA 436) +Inf. MrUhHC.&. 446, IIown(THcA 6a, 446, 45a, IIoMJiJlrHcA 446 (cp. B socr. 50m. rexcrax: MorrAcAC6.N°758, 235a, 2396, M0J14 ib., 1986, 239a, 248a H I1,p., -M6nHrcA CnY)K. EB$. 41a, 42a, 44a, 45a, 466, 54a H I1,p., MJnHMcA ib., 126, 266, 33a H np., IIoM6rr4rc4 30rp. CB., 25 +inf', MOJIHTH C5. N° 758, 2346, MHH. N° 678, 5076, MorrHTHc,&,

,

C6. N° 758, 128a, IIOMOnHTHcA C6. N° 758, 2046, scrpesaerca H BapHaRT C

YAapeHHeM aa u: oY~OmfrH MHH. N° 678, 5056, MomhHcA Cnyx. EB$. 63a; aor. 1 sg. Morrti C6. N° 758, 2116, M6nHX'b ib., 2116,HIIoMolnHxcli\

6 ", "",

C . N° 758, 2116, aor. 3 pI. 0YMorrHlIl% C6. N° 764, 2426, H 0YMOJIHIIIl.

MHH. N° 678, 5186; part. praet. act. M6rrHB'b ib., 5186, IIOMOJIHBCA ib.,

521a, Ii IIoMonHBcA ib., 510a H non.};

,~ I~' I~

5. IIpHXWM 8a, 27a, 32a, IIPHxolAll 116, B'bXWAllrI. 186, B'bxwiAll 17a,

2 .... ,9, I I~ ."""~

H WXWAll 41a, aaxcoznrrs 316, B'bXWAlIllIlI 44a, IIpHXWI1,h\ 326, H wxwnA

28 ~ tr;;I, I,

a, aaxona 236 (-B'bXOAllllIll 202a) +inf. IIpHXWI1,HrH 8a, CXOMrH 296;

- , I

aoT. 3 pI. xOAllIII% 1146 (cp. B BOCr. 6oJIT. rexcrax: wxo)!()U. C6. N° 758,

221 a, wXWAHr" 30rp. c6. N° 103, 374, XOMr1> C6. N° 758, 260a, IIPHxwn'I' 30rp. c6. N° 103,375, H I1,p. + inf. xDAHTH C6. N° 758, 2596, IIPWXclMTH ib.,

139a, IIpHXWI1,HTH 30rp. c6. N° 103,374, WXOMTH C6. N° 758, 249a, part. praet. act. XOMBllIC C6. N° 758, 223a H non.):

11 C

M. I '1aCTI. aacrosurea pafiorst (EanTo<JIaBHHCKHe accrrenoaanaa 1981. M., 1982,

C. 258-259).

7

6. npHcrXllHrb 14a, na He W cTi~ 456 +Inf. He W CTXmfTH 45a, aor.

1... I ' ~

3 p. wcrXllHrnX 336 (cp. B BOCT. 60m. rexcrax: npHcTXllH 30rp. ca., 25,

na ZicTfn'H C6. N° 758, 996 +aor. 3pl. H npHcriIDfIII% Bocxp. en. 38a; cp. TaK)J(e: qaK.-KaH:K. XVII B. CrYIDfM, JIocrYIlHM I'p. 236; cnonen. strjpiti, st1pim; xeurcx. stoupiti, cncaanx. stdpit', nonscx. stqpic. Knoll )J(e a.n. BOCXO}],HT CXpB. crynuTu, cTYniiM).

• ~t;;;'I , .J I ) V I

7. na HCKlkH 46a + inf'. HCKOCHTH 31a, HCKOCHTHCA 316, 1396 (cp. B

nOCT. 60m. rexcrax: He B'bKo)k,i MHH. N° 678, 5176, na B'bKOYCHT1>

C6. N° 758, 7.02a ~inf. HCKOYCHTH MHH. N° 678,5156, aor. 3pl. B'bKOYCHllllf,

C6. N° 758, 2026, H ihsKOYCHllI% Hop. nc. 132a 9, i-part. HCKOYCHJlb (?)

Hop. nco 2286612; a.n. b TaK)J(e B np-pyccx.: praes. - Heii'K8~ qy}],. 281, He B~y~ ib., 461, HCKOYCHTe ib., 1153 ~ inf. HCKOYCHTH ib., 612, 1502, HCKYCJt'TH ib., 352, BKOyclfTH ib., 754, aor. 3 sg. BKOYC~ ib., 42', aor.

1 1• I lM"l'b 1 92' , ib 4 I

P . HCKOYCHXO 1., 1 ,HCKOYCHXOM'bCA,. 1 ., 132 , aor. 2 pl. BKO),cHcre

ib., . 842, aor. 3 pi. HCKoycUllla ib., 1121, HCKlfclfllla 531, He HCKYcJfilllaib., 993, HCKoycJrna MA ib., 1434, il:icKoycnllla MA ib., 1434; 2 sg. imper. BKOYCH ib., 1311; cp. TaK)J(e YKp. (rpHHqeHKO) CKYCUTU, CKYWY, CKYCUW. K nOH )J(e a.n. (b) MOryr BOCXO}],HTb COBp. CXpB. UCKYCUTU, UCKYCUM

, 6'" -- ,

acnsrrars, acnpo OBaTb, noxycutu ce, nOKYcUM ee nOKycHTbCH', HO CXpB.

naan. KOCOBO-MeTOX. npuKycuT, npuKYcU.M (Enea, II, 1351) H npeKyc'UT, npeKYCUM (Enea. II, 1261), 'aaarpaxars', aonpexa Skok II, 2472, cnenyer CBfi3bIBaTb C cnosea. krfsiti, k~sim 'aaarpaxars' H paccvarpaaars HX BMeCTe

C rpyrrnoii, B!<mOqalOmeH PYCCK. YKYCUTb, 3aKYCUTb, nepexyctirs H non. O}],HaKo cnonen. iz-, 0-, po-, pre-, pri-, v-, za-kusiti, -kiisim yxaasmaer na a.n.

a, KaK cooraercrayiomae cnoneacrcosry MO)J(HO paccvarpasars H aanamtocnaBHHCKHe perpnexcsr: xeurcx. kusiti, cnosame. kusit' (a.n. a HnH a.n. c). ' Ha a.n, a yxaasrsaer H CXpB. o KYCUTU, OKYCUM 'norrpooosan,', nnan. KOCOBO-MerOx. OKYCUT, OKYCUM (Enea. II, 252) • Ilpeaaecepticxaii H3bIK no H3YqeHHbIM naMHTHHKaM npoaonan a.n. a, nO-BH}],HMOMY, no BceM npHCTaBOqHbIM 06pa30BaHHHM OT nOH OCHOBbI, cp. B C6. 1509 r.: 1 sg. praes. B'bKoyrn~ (2x) , 3 sg. praes. B'bKOYCHTb (Ix), 3 pI. praes. B'bKoyceTb (3x) +inf. HCK8cHTH (3x), HCK8cHTH ce (lx) , nOKoycHTHCe (I x), B'bKOYCHTH

(8x) (CM. Bynarona CrI' A 134), - sry sce aKu,eHTOBKY nO}],TBep)J(}]'aIOT H r-rarepnansr Es-anp. N° 7364: 2 sg. praes. He HCKOYCHlllH 1496, 3 sg. praes. BbiKoycHrb 1986, +inf'. B'bKOYCHTH 329a, aor. 3 sg. BbKOYCH lOa, iter. iicKoyrnaeTe 1206, HCKoYrnaeTe. 2186, part. praes. pass. ikKoYlllaeMb114a, 149a. Ha cyuiecrsoaaaae a.n, a y nora rnarona B nexoropsrx BOCTOqHOcnaBHHCKHX }],HaneKTax, B03MO)J(HO, YKa3bIBaeT IOrO-3anaWWPYCCK. XVI'-XVIIB.

1 sg. praes. Ktlll~ JIEep. 492. Bepoarno, cnenyer CqHTaTbCH C peraonans- '

HbIMH pa3nHQIfHMH B axuearoaxe nora npesnero 3aHMCTBOBaHHH H3 repssancKoro, nepnanaoe naanexnroe pacrrpenenenae ero axuenrasrx THnOB rpefiyer

12 H

a n.ePBHtlHYIO a.rr, b, a He a.n, a noll rnaronsaoa OCHOBbI B BOCTOt{H060nrapcKHx

naanexrax YKa3bIBaeT, BepOJITHO, aKlleHTOBKa HTepaTHBa OT nee B KHnpHaHoBcKoll rpyrrne TeKCTOB: na HC~IIl~eT lKe (Jlecrs. 136), cp, oycT~Bnb1T" (ib., 26) - OT rnarona a.n. a.

8

/

\ ' ,

\ jlononHHrenbHoro R3yqeHHfl. AKueHTOBKH COBp. "PYCCK. UCKYCUT, notcycurcs,

6KycUT H qaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KPH)J(aHHq) KYCHM, OKYCHM, JIoKyciiM

I'p- 240, nO-BHD;HMOMY, HenepBHqHbI).

8. OYKbP'H 146, &KbpHTCA 306 ~ inf. it nOKo\pHTH 32a13. (Mare_?Han BOCr. 60nr. reKCrOB nOKa3bIBaeT B nonasrrarouresa QIfCne cnysaes Y JIOR OCHOBbl

C. inf H nOKOpHTH CnY)J(· EBcp. 29a, 736, 776, 30rp. CB. 14; aor. ;.n~g."nOK~pH 30rp. c6. N° 103, 382, nOKopH C6. N° 758, 1146, U noxopa 30rp. c6. N° 103, 432, ncoxopa )J(e 30rp. c6. N° 103, 432, gKOPH JIaHJJ.. HHK. qepH. 536; aor. 3 pI. l:I"KopnULt. Ea-anp. N° 5?2, 15a; o}],HaKoo ncrpeqeHa TaK)J(e H cpopMa, YKa3bIBalOmaH na a.n. b: nOKopHlll1C~ C6. N 758, 115&.06 a.n. b cBR}],eremcrByer np-cepticx. XV B. (Esp-anp. N° 7364):

if oYK6peTb H 1906, He npOTHBOpeQIfr npennonoscemno 06 a.rr, b H MarepHarr XVI B. (C6. 1509 r.), O}],HaKO IJ,JIH pasnenenaa a.n. b H a.n. C OH BpHD; na penesaarea .(CM. Bynarosa CIrA 102 H 137).HepeneBaHrHbITaK)J(eqaK.KaHK. XVII KOpHM, YKOpHM 'I'p. 237, cnoneu. mrrep. pokor{ti, pokorim, ukonn, ukorim H, nO-BH}],HMOMY, H3BeCTHble B HaCTOHmee apesra BOCrOqHOcnaBHHcKHe cpaKTbI. JIOJTOMY IJ,JIfl aan.efiorrr. MO)J(HO npennonarars KaK 06- lllYlO C }],p.-cep6cK. HHHOBaIUfIO, TaK H apXaH3M, yrepamrsra aonpexaotinreti TeH}],eHIUfH 60nblllHHcTBOM BOCrOqH060m apcxax }],HaneKToB).

A.n. a B TeKCTe He. CHp. }],OBomHO YCTOHqHBO COXpaHHeT CBOIO axuenTOBKY, KpOMe YKa3aHHbIX14 CPOPM 2 sg. praes. i"rnaronoB H cnyxaea, npnBO}],HMbIX HR)J(e. OrMetJeHbl ,cne}],YlOmHe CPOp~bl 1 sg. praes. or, rnaronon a.n, a: 1.6..tAX 129a, He 6Xd 1076 (cp. 6XiD;elllH 44a, He 6X}],elllH 44a,

, Ir.=. n'~ I 4 ( ,.e;;.

6~eT1l 226, 6XAe 256, 496, H 6Xne 606); 2. B'bCTaHX 96 cp. crane

~ ,

466, na He nptCT<meTe 506, nptcTaa% 94a); 3. H noqiX 111 a (cp. no-

qlfen. 1006); 4. }],aix c'e 65a, H noi}],;g 65a (cp. H }]'aeTb 93a, cA }]'acTb

98 ' 76 I I "T' I I

6, nonaeT'lo5 ,81a, nonaers 276, nonaers TH 23a, w}],aeTlJ 7a, }]'aJitirc!

,... .A. I t1' , ,

117a, no}]'ax 936); 5. nOBHd 576 (cp. }]'BH)J(eiTcA 396, nO}]'BH)J(ercA44a,

npHABH)J(~~ 386, }],Ba'dTb 35a, }],B~XTCA 40a, ABif)J(XITCA 356; a TaK)J(e:

ABH~,i 346); 6. ~ B~aITA l l l a (cp. He BIf}],Hl.IIH nH 39a, it BH}],Hrb 40a, He B'b3HeHaBw&' 89a); 7. oCTaBl' 1356 (cp. info WCT<IBHTH 466, bis, sacraBRTH 14a, nptCTlIBHTH 36a; aor. 1 pl. WCTlrBHX~ 66a, aor. 3 pl. C'bCTlIBHlllA 47a); 8. I10K0'1 201 a (npennonaraercs a.n. a na OCHOBaHHH CT.-MaKe}],. R Ap·-PYCCK. COOTBeTCTBmi: CT.-MaKe}],. (?) Ii oynoKoIO 0 IlHCbM., 19a, oynoK6HMce ib., 226; }],p.-PYCCK. nOKolO B'bI qYD;. 73; aor. 3 sg. nOKoil:cA ib., 1191, I-part. nOKOin'b ib., 1441. Cnenyer, Oll,HaKO, OTMeTHTb, qro B BOl.:TO'~' Ho6onrapCKHX rexcrax scrpesarcrca CPOPMbI, caanerenscrnyioutae 06 a.I1. C,·

'f'" I " ,

In . oynoKOHTH C6. N° 758, 116a, i-part. oylnoxorim C6. N° 758, 2046; t a-

xoro )J(e rnna CPOPMbI 3acpHKcHpOBaHbI H B cr-cepticx. C6. 1509,r., cM.ny· narOBa CrfA 100, 103, 119. Xapaxrep OTHOllleHHH Me)J(}],Y nocnennava II nOKa3aHHbIMH nsnue rpefiyer nononaarensaoro H3yqeHHH.) Bcrperaauraeca HClOIlOqeHHH H3 rrpencraanenaor-o COCTOfiHHH CM. HH)J(e. .

CHCTeMa aKueHTHbIX napanar-sr B npeseace COXpaHHnaCb BO scex xnaccax rnaronOB, KpOMe rnaronon na -i- (HO He ua ~-I-i), B xoropsrx I10nO)J(eHI1C

13 ' I

14 OllHaKO aa BapHaHT a.rr. C, B03MOlKHO, YKa3bIBaeT tPopMa aor. 3 sg. ~ rroxopn 197a.

eM. I sacn, nacrosuien pa60TbI, C. 258-259.

9

a.II. C IIOKOne6neHO YKa3aHHbIM nsnue IIpOIl,eCCOM. Orrnorae aKIl,eHTHOH KpHBOH a.II. C OT aKIl,eHTHbIX KpHBhlX a.II. a H a.II. b, IIO-BH,o:HMOMY, IIpOHBnHHOCb B naanexre, OTpJ)KeHHOM B ,o:aHHOM IIaMHTHHKe, H B <popMe I sg. praes., onnaxo xapaxrep ero HeCKonbKO HHOH, 4eM npennonaraauunlca HaMH paaee! 5.

Hanansnoe ynapenae y <pOPMbI I sg. praes. rnaronos a.II. C B TeKCTe 11c.

CHp. perynapno B crrynae 6eCIIpHCTaB04HOH o,o:HOCnO)l(HOH OCHOBbI, YIIOTpe6- neHHOH 6e3 OTpHIl,aTenhHOH 4aCTHIl,bI He: I. peKX 34a, 1096; 2. TeKX 69a, 1546 (cp. fI Te4eTb 32a, H: Te4eMb 476); 3. CIa%. l30a, CT6A 1296, 1~96

(cp.: WCTolI4ll1H 33a, CTOIlI' 186, WCTOI4Tb 66, I1PtCTOIhs )I(e l l a,

, , ~ ~I t:::+ .QI I

C'bCTOHITCA 33a); 4. 6t)l(Jit 69a (cp. UO)l(H 446, UO)l(X 86); 5. Tp'bIInA

, ""'~, , A 64 '16 A

1716 (cp. TpbIDIT'b 2a, TpbIIH l Oa, TRbIIIi\ 129a); 6. cKpb6nld a, cxps nld

, > " (" 98 3

129a (cp. HH CKPb6HTCA 96); 7. H ~4A 20la cp.: Oy4HT'b a; aor. sg.

H~IS4H 136, IIRH JTOM Ha6n~,o:alOTcH H j>0PMbI npesenca C ~aKopeHHbIM YAapennexr: Ii Ha~4HMcA 15a, ~4ATb 326, 84AITCA 326); 8. ,o:HBnAcA 1796

, I ..."L. ,

(cp. R ,o:HBATCA 43a); 9. CTbI)I()jt )I(e cA (cp. CTbIMTCA 7a, HO Ta'K)I(e H:

CT@llHCA 66).

B rrpHcTaB04HbIX (H, sepoarno, IIPOCTO rraycnoxorsrx) OCHOBax, a TaK)I(e B o,o:HOCnO)l(HbIX OCHOBax, ynorpefinennsrx C orpauarensuoa 4aCTHIl,eH He, ynapeHHe CTaBHTCH HnH (1) B aauane cnoaooopau (COOTBeTCTBeHHO, aa npaCTaBKe), HJIH (2) B KOHIl,e ee (aa OKOH4aHHH):

l~ , .... , -, ~ v -;;:,

(1) 1. ~Mpl 108a (cp.: oyvpe 91a, He ~MpeTJ 107a, H OMpe 52a, na

He 0YMplMb 1936); 2. IIo)l(HBI 108a, mSl)I(HBt 108a (HO: IIO)l(I4BJ: 1076)

, .,.,., .;)

(cp.: )I(HBelllH 34a, 63a, )I(HBe 1186, H )I(HBeTb 115a, )I(HBJfI,.Tb 336 ;

3. OYTP'bIIn~ 108a (cp. Tp'bII~Tb 2a H np., CM. asnue) .

, , " ,

(2) 1. ti lllMpx 108a (c ilByMH 3HaKaMH y,o:apeHHH: ~MPX 108a, cp.(l) 1.);

2. H3bl6epx. 65a (cp. cn6ere-'686); 3. BblcIIOMbHX 906 (cp. IIoMtHeTb 686, IIOMtlH(~M'b 1246 + inf. IIOMtHiTH 66, He IIolMtHiTH 396); 4. H npTp'bIInA

,~, ,

65a, He Tp'bIInA 1416 (cp. TP'b~ 129a H np., CM. nsnue}; 5. He 60XcA

906 (cp. l! na H~ 60~llIHcA 44a, 60~TCA 41a, He 601hcA 6a, 66, bis,4Ia,

;I I ' , \ t?1 ,

8160HTCA 466, He b'60HTecA 446); 6. He nHIlllX. sa 1356 (cp.i na ae naum-

llIHCA\ 326, nHillIfrcA 31a, 11 nHuruTcA 1076, na He nHllI~TcA 107a -iIlL nHllI~THcA 24a; HO TaK)I(e H <popMa 3 sg. praes. C HaKopeHHbIM ynapeaaesr

, t;p ) >,' . f " 15'" ~ ,

Jm!umcA 134a ; 7. H W6bJoABnA 2006 (cp. 111. i-C.BHTHcA a, H3b~BH-

ra 276, H3b~~THCA 356, part. praet. act. ~BnblllacA 75a, part. praet. pass. IABmfHO 366, ~BneHSHo 406; HO npeaenc OTMe4eH C HaKopeHHbIM

"I It;;\ ynapeaaeja: ~Ba.:A 138a).

Kpoxre IIO~BX (CM. nsnue}, napaaara, aopsransaoro )J,JIH BOCT04H060nr apcxax TeKCTOB,. HO nnoxo yxnansraaroureroca B, cHcreMY 11c. CHp., OTMe4eH KaK HCKnlO4eHHe H3 IIpaBHJIa cnysaii: na He WT8~cA 108a (a.II. C IIO COOTBeTCTBHHM: 4aK.-KaHK. XVII B. Ty,o:)I(~M, OTTy,o:)I(HM I'p. 226; cnosea. tuj{ti, tujim, odtujiti, odtujim; seurcx. ciziti se, odciziti, zciziti, CnOBaIl,K.

IS CM.: Jlbl60 B.A. Cpcnncfionrapcxae TCKCTbI KaK HCTO'lHHK AJIH npaCJIaSHHCKoro YAapcHHH (praesens), c. 90-- 91.

10

peKOHCTpYKUHH

odcudzit: Inf. ~Tl:I~mcA I1c. CHp. 34a aM6lmaneHTcH: a.II. b HnH a.II. c).

OH MO)l(eT 06'bHCHHTbCH nH60, B COOTBeTCTBHH C o6bHcHeHHeM KO-

He4HoYAapHblx <pOpM, npenrraraexrsna HH)I(e, OTMe4eHHOCTbIO PHTMH-

4eCKoro y}J;3.peHHH II pa HeOTMe4eHHOM rnaBHOM na OTpHIl,aHHH, r.e. KaK *He WT8)1(~cA, nH60 IIepeBO,o:OM }J;aHHOrO rnarona B rnranex re I1c. CHp. B a.II. b.

4TO xacaerca cnysaen, xorna aKIl,eHToBKY IIO npaaany LlJIII 1 sg. praes. a.II. C HMelOT <pOPMbI 1 sg. praes. OT rnaronos npennonoxorrensno HeIIO,o:BH)I(HOrO aKIl,eHTHOro THI~a (a.II. b H a.II. a ), ofipatnaer na cefia BHHMaHHe TO, 4TO B 060HX HBHbIX cnY4aHX raxoro ynapeuna aKIl,eHTOBKa IIO a.II. c B npyrnx <popMax npesenca HnH HCIIocpeL~CTBeHHO 3a<pHKCHpOBaHa HnH IIpe}J,IIO-

. naraeTCH KaK HaH60nee BepOHTHaH IIO aKIl,eHTY HH<pHHHTHBa:

1. Bb3BpalqLl.cA 112a (a.II. c IIO 3 sg. praes.: w6paTHtcA 142a, IIpH sapHaHTe C HaKopeHHbIM ynapennesi: cbw6paTHTCA 39a. DnH npacnanancxoro BOCCTaHaBnHBaeTCH a.II. b IIO }J,OCTaT04HO e}J,HHo06pa3HbIM perprrexcar-r: np-

, /

PYCCK. BOPOTHTCA 11 IIO}J,., CM. 3anH3HHK KOCM. 153, COBp. PYCCK. 80POTUT

H IIO,o:.; cp.-6onr. (BOCI.) pasapannua I1c. KHIIp. 15a, B'h3BpaTHTCA 30rp. CB.~ 27, I1c. KHIIp., 296, H Bb3BpaTHTcA ib., 129a, na B'b3Bpa'TATCA ib., 29a, 606 H np. C cooTBeTcTBYIOIIl,HM HaKopcHHbIM ynapenaer-r B <pOPMax OT HHtimHHTHBHOH OCHOBbI; 4aK.-KaHK. XVII B. BpaTHM, 06phl1M Tp. 240; cen.vax. (HOBH) vrtftfn; cnosen. vrdtiti, vratim, xerucx. vrdt i t i, CnOBaIl,K. vrdtit'; IIOJlhCK. wroci: 'BepHYTbcH, HCPHYTb', a-nyxc. wr6Cic 'B03BpaTHTb').

I . f' ""I '

2. nOHXl)l(X 576 (a.II. C npezmonaraerca YAapeHHeM III ., H He IIOH"" na-

THcA 40a: XOTH TaKOH aKIl,eHT HMeeT H a.II. b, onaaico IIpH IIepBH4HO axyTHpOBaHHOM xopne IIpeAIIOnO)l(eHHe 0 paanexr aapnaare a.II. b fisrno 6bI HeBepOHTHO, a C T04KH 3peHHH Ja<pHKCHpOBaHHbIX B IIaMHTHHKe <pOPM H3- 6b1T04HO. Hapany C YKa3aHHbIMH <pc :1MaMH B TeK5Te 11c. CHp. OTM~4eHbI tPOPMbI npeseaca C HaKopeHHbIM ynapeaaesr: IIOH~I}J,HllIHCA 596, H¥.,o:HT11

I I :1 I 9

107a, HX,o:HTCA 416, IIOH~}J,HTCA 386, H IIOH~I,o:l1cA 466,-c KOT9pbIMH

COOTHOCHTCH H BapHaHT Hll<pHHHTHBa C TaKHM IKe aKIl,eHTOM: ILl.IMTH 616. TaKHM 06pa30M, B TeKCTe OTpa3HnHl', }J,Ba aKIl,eHTyaIl,HOHHbIX napaaara namroro rrrarona: a.II. a H a.II. C, onnaxo CBH3bIBaTb HX B03HHKHOBeHHe 11 KOHKypeHIl,H1O C 06IIl,HM COCTOHHHeM CHCTeMbI aKIl,eHTHbIX napanarsr B aarraJJ;H060nrapcKHx nnanexrax XIV B., IIO-BH,o:HMOMY, HeT OCHOBaHHH. D,nH npacnanaacxoro IIO HaH60nee HCHbIM COOTBeTCTBHHM BOCCTaHaBnHBaeTCH

a.n, a: np-pyccx. imper. 2 sg. i nOHo'y,o:H qy,o:. 353, aor. 3 sg. IIOHOY,o:U ib;, 1~13, .~iI}PHHOYA~ ~I ib., 701, aor. 3 pI. npaaoynaura }b., 7/" iJ_Dpf. ~du. 1 IIplHOY)l(aCTa HI ib., 411, part. praet. pass. L Ilpanoyxena )I(e, ib., ~l; COBp. PYCCK. HyiJUT~ ltyiJUT; ,cp.-60nr. (BOCT.) 3 sg. pra~s. He HXAH ~6. N° 758, 1026, aor. 3 sg. IIOH~~H nHx~,36; COBp. fiorrr. «yo»; ,o:p.-~ep6.

.;~pB.-aIIp. N° ,7364) 3 sg. praes. noynarce 716, 187a, aor, 3 sg. IIOHOYAH

4306, IIpHHOy,o:H 131a, CM. TaK)I(e MaTepHan H3 C6. 1509 r. (Bynaroaa Crl A

'·10, .. "\\ ~ XVII H"

'f";, 101, 117), COBp. CXpB. uyoutu, uyoii»; 4aK.-KaHK. B. y,o:HM,

.'. OHy,o:HM Tp. 223; cnosea. nuditi, niidim. Ilannsre 3aIIa.D:HOCnaBHHCKHX II3bI" B: xeiucx. nuditi, CnOBaIl,K. nudit' - aM6HBaneHTHbI: a.II. a HnH a.II. c). ~,Cne,o:yeT OTMemTb, 4TO 06a paCCMaTpHBaeMbIX cnysaa OTHOCHTCH K 4Hcny ekceM, IIp03pa4HOCTb aKIl,eHTOnOrH4ecKoH peKoHcTpYKIl,HH KOTOPbIX IIO epe pa3BepTbIBaHHH HCTopH4eCKHX Hccne,o:oBaHHH IIO aKIl,eHTOnOrHH HMeeT

,::;;)eHAeHIl,H1O napyurarsca B CBH3H C YBeml4eHHeM cornacyroureroca Me)l(,o:y

:;;t 11

C060H MaTepHana, CBH.ll:eTeJIbCTBYlOlllerO 0 BapHaHTHOCTM HX aK~eHTHbIX napa)J;HrM B j:peBHHX axnenrnsix CJiCTeMax. A.A. 3arrH3HHK (CM. 33JIH3HJlK Kocsr. § 44-48) rrpHBO)J;HT CIIHCOK rrraronon C paHHeH BapHaHTHOCTblO aK~eHTHbIX rrapannr v B npeaaepyccxow (B 'IHCJIe HX H rrraronsr BOPOTUTucA! H I-lOyOU'JIU), nJIH 60JIblllOH 'IaCTH xoroporo (1. 6flU3UTU, 2. RbICUTU, 3. tepaCUTU, 4. JIWIUTU, 5. MbpT8UTU, 6. noootiuru, 7. c8"ETUTU, 8. CK86PI-lUTU,

9. CK"bp6tTU, 10. CflbIULaTU, 11. CTPOUTU, 12. XOYilUTU, 13. oyoanuru, 14.oynpa3ol-luTU) MO)l(HO npennoxnrs cooTBeTcTBYIOw.He rrpHMepbl (KaK napaaarnsre, TaK H C OCHOBHOH HJIH enHHCTBeHHO OTMe'leHHOH aKueHTOBKoH) H3 cpenHe60rrrapcKHx TeKCTOB:

1. rrpH6JIH)I(~T~A CJIY>K. EB<p. 1376 ~ inf. rrpH~JIH)I(&T~ 30rp. c6. N° 103, 372 (~o: rrp~6JIH)I(HCA pc. Kanp. 83}5, He rrpH6mi\)l(JicA ib., 836 +aor. 3sg. rrpH~JIH)I(H 60 cA JIJix. 126, rrpH6rrH)I(HCA Ea.vanp. N° 592, 58a, rrpH\6JI~)I(Hc!i\ ib., 30a, rrpH6JIH)I(H\cA. ib., 856, aor. 3 pI., H rrpH6JI~)I(Hlll~cA IIc. Kanp. 476, Ea-arrp, N° 592, 1256).

2' .,., II K /

. H BolCH C. anp, 1626 Bb3Bi,kHTC~ Hop rrc 147a J.4 -"\ A

'b I ' .., Bh3BblCH TC .....

~5·~. 246 10-11, B1>3BblcHr're 0 rrHCbM. 71a +aor. 3 sg. BiJBblCH 0 IIHCbM.

3 P '" , .

. raes I pl.n9YKpacliMS ce 0 rrHcbM. 9a~inf. ~'5Pac~TH JIecTB.

44a, ~9r. 2 sg. 0YKpacH C6. N° 758, 36a, oYKpacH MA 30rp. CB 2 aor

3 sg. 8KpacH 30rp. c6. N° 103, 336, oyxpacHcA I'pnr. N° 1703 9a'~ " o rrHCbM. 706, aor. 3 pI. ii oYKpacHUL'( Ea-anp. N0 592 356 '75 ' .Kp~cHce

, ib . , , a, H 0Y-

KpacHUL'( I ., 135~; parr praet. pass. OYKpallleHa BOCKp. ea. 152a.

4. Praes. 3 pI. 06rrH'IeTb 0 IIHCbM. 50a + inf'. 06ml'l~TH JIecTB. 56,

aor.

3 ,I

sg. 06JIH'IH 0 IIHCbM. 56a (HO: praes. 3 sg. 06JI1~'IH\To Bs.-anp. N0 592,

89 > > 6 ,..,..

a, H 0 JIH'IH MA IIc. Kanp. 125a, praes. 3 pI. w6mf'lei

~ inf. 66JI&'1HTH 70 a, aor. 3 sg. 5. Mp1> \TBIfTb

~OC~p. en. 4a, 0 rrHCbM. 486, aor. I sg. 06JIH'IH TOJIK. rrc. 93a). IIc. Kanp. 137a (HO: if. gMp~\TBHlllH

Me 0 IIHCbM. Sa, I x.

W6JIH'IH 0 IIHCbM.

JIecTB. 2556-256a).

6. T1it6Ji'IllHce 0 76 A. , .4-

rrHCbM. 4 , rro 6HTb ib., 66a, rr06RTce ib., 42a, rrt6IfMce

ib..:", 3:, CrI~i6IfMCA C6. N° 758, 2236, He oyrfo6H'Mce 0 rrHCbM. 9a ~ inf. Crr06HTHC~ 30rp. c6. N° 103, 378, oyrrti6&mcA CJIY)I(. EBq,. 148a, aor. 3 sg. cnOn06HcA MHH. N° 678, 511a, Crr'~6HCA JIHX.l 66, He crrt6HC). C6. N0 758,

215 .L ....

6, crr06H MA C6. N° 758, 2136, If di6H MA. MHH. N° 678, 533a, oy'rr"<toHc'e

o rrHCbM. 476.

7. IIpocBtTIfTb CJIY)I(· EB<p. 796 +aor. 3 pI. o\cBtnflll% IIc. Kanp. 68a

(HO: rrpo\cB-tTHCA' IIc. Kanp., 1236 ~ inf. CB-tmTH CJIY)I(. EB<p. 1056).

~ 8. 8~K/Bp1>HIfTCe 0 rrHCbM. 516,,-oCKBp1>\H1icA JIecTB. 27a ~aor 1 sg ~~~BP1>HHX1> Hop., rrc. 245,6 17, aor. 3 sg. [H WCKBP1>\] HHCA. nc. N° 309,

• a, ao~. 3 pI. OCKBP1>HHlll:t IIc. Kanp, 65a, 6CKB [p) 1>HJIllX ib 72a

OCKBP1>HHlllA ib., 476, part. praet. pass. OCKBp1>HeHa C6 N° 758 92 ", , ,

He. CHp. 32a. . , a, WCKBp1>HeHa

H'H 9;, HH C6KPbII6~TCA Hc. CHp. 96 ...... inf. ~c\Kp1>6Hm JIHX.I Sa. aor 3 sg WCKp1> H C. N° 309, 154a. . . . 12

, 10. "'wm~mH 0 ""O>M· 48" H' OIT,""MmH ib., 526, OITM","" 396, ,"W·

I Ill~Tce ib., 106, CJlblrrmMl> JIecTB. 406, gCJIOlrrmM1> ib., 56, 3 pl. praes. He

CJIblllilT JIH 0 rrHCbM. 54a, bis, OYCJIbIllle'Tb ib., 476 (HO: CJII,'!:Ul'i' He. CHp.

I~ l I ',.,.,

40a, He CJIbllllH ib . 86, /!CJIbllllHTb ib., 26a, ~crr~llllH TIc. Kanp. 476, bis,

/ -

He CJI~llll¥ cA IIc. Kanp. 166).

, > ,

11. oycrpco.Art, C6. N° 758, 23a (HO: 1 sg. praes. OYCTPO¥ Tome. rrc.

61a, 2 sg. praes., OYCTpc:,H:UlH C6. N° 758, 236, na He WCTPOHllIH Hop. rrc. 266a, 3 pI. prges, oycTpoATCA JIecTB. 13a +aor. 3sg, gCTPOH 30rp. e6.

N° 103, 381, ~CTPWH ib., 432). •

12. xoymiura 0 IIHCbM. 476, )(8JI~IllH ib., 596, 606, )(~YJIHlllH ib., 486,

3 pl. praes. XOYJIe'Tce ib., 566 (HO: xOYJIA IIc. Kanp. 1626).

,,, ." " ,

13. H on3JIHcA IIc. Kanp, 102 +aor. I sg. ~narrHxcA 30rp. c6. N° 103,

v / ~ "/.,/ :t , 0

372, on3JIHxcA IIc. Karrp. 47a, He h'narrHcA ib., 112a, aor. 3 pI. ~\narrHu4

IIc. Kanp., 114a.

• t;;;', . ,

14. grrpa3.HHCA He. CHp. 99a, trrpa\3HHTcA ib., 94a (HO: praes. 1 sg. na

." / , ,

6yrrpa3HA I'par. N° 1703, 86 ~ aor. 3 sg. oyrrpa3HHcA TOJIK. rrc. 17a,

" / ", ,

oyrrpa3HH\cA MHH. N° 678, 5176; cp. TaK)I(e oynpa3HHcA Tpar. N° 1703,

8a C nBoHHbIM, rro-BHL(HMOMY, 3JIbTepHaTHBHbIM ynapeaaexr) ..

Ilna KaTerOpH'IeCKOrO 3aKJIIO'IeHHH 0 npasanax YKaJaHHOH BapHaTHBHocTH MaTepH3JI, H3BecTHblH B aacroauiee BpeMH, He rrpenCTaBJIJleTCH nOCTaTO'lHbIM. OnHaKO KaK 6bl HH 061>HCHHTb ee, B nyxe npennonaraexrof A.A. 3a· nH3HHKOM paHHeH TeHneHII.HH K "TeMaTH3aII.HH" rJIarOJIbHOrO ynapeaaa, neHcTBoBaBllleH napannensno B pane CJIaBHHCKHX )J;HarreKTOB, HJIH CBH3bIBaH

, C npeaaeii sapaaaraocrsio cJIoBo06IJa30BaTeJIbHblX OTHOllleHHHI6, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, C BapHaHTHOCTblO aKueHTHbIX napanarra rrpOH3BOMIUHxl7 HJIH C rrepeopaearaunea CJIoBo06pa30BaTeJIbHblX CBH3eHI 8, JlCHO, 'ITO HHTepeCYIOIUHe Hac aKl.I,eHTOBKH B TeKCTe He. CHp. cnenyer paccsrarpanars B parry nonofiHblX BapHaHTOB 1 9 •

L / 1I0-BHnHMoMY, CKaJaHHOe OTHOCHTCH H K cJIY'IalO: na crr06rrA T A 225 a.

XOTJI npyrae <pOPMbI naHHOrO rrtarona, orweveaasre B TeKCTe, aanexao

.A!.- .AI

YKa3blBaIOT rnnus aa a.rr. a: na crrooHlllHc~ 436 +aor. 3 sg. crr06HcA

, _ , AI ,) I 0

102a, aor. 3 pI. cnOn06HudcA 296, ~n06Hlll"cA 166, H 8rron06HlllX166,-

16 Hanpxsrep, OTHOllleHHe *s"ititL; *sv~tlh, KroKCTCIi 60nee BepOllTHbIM paCCMaTpHBaTh KaK crapyio napy "RTepaTHB": "lleHOMHHaTHB".

17 06pamaeT aa ce611 BHRMaHRe, 'ITO aKueHTOBKa TaKJiX rnaronos KaK "skverniti, ·skirb'lti 1l0BOm.HO TOqHO cnenyer aKueHTOBKe COOTBeTCTBYlO1UHX I1MeH.

18 AKueHTOBKa *VYSltb, *blizra, KaK OTProKalOIUaJI CBll3b C nOnOlKl1TeJIbHOIl creneasio CooTBeTCTBYI01UHX npanararensasrx, KroKeTCIi C noll TOqKH 3peHHH 60nee npeaaea, qeM aKueHTOBKa *vysit6, *blIZiU., 06113aHHaJI CBOUM CYIUeCTBOBaHReM YCTaHOBneHRIO cnoBoo6palOBaTeJIbHbIX casaea C CpaBHHTeJIbHOIl creneasro.

I. TaK, B BapRaHTHOCTR aKueHTOBOK rnarona *vortiti MOlKHO BIlJ],eTb cnenu nepBlf'lHoll napHOCTR "HTepaTRB-KaY3aTRB", cp. TOT <l>aKT, qTO BapRaHT a.n. C acrpeses HCKmoql'lTeJIbHO B B03BpaTHoll <l>opMe. OrHOCHTenbHO BapHaHTHOCTH YAapeHHH B rnarone .nuditi/*mlditi cnenyer 3aMeTRTb, 'ITO Y cYIUeCTBRTeJIbHOrO *nuda IlJIIi npacnaBlIHCKoro pexoaerpyapyerca cxopee a.n. c, qeM a.n. a.

13

On;HaKO rrpnaeneansre cpaKTbI 110'lTM HCKnlO'IMTenbHOrO ynorpefinenna JTOrO rnarona C a.n. C B BOCTO'lH060nrapCKHX TeKCTaX nenaror aecsr-ra BepOJITIIbIM npennoncseenae 0 BapMaHTHOCTH ero aKueHTHbIX napanarsr B HAMonel)Je rnrcna. qTO xacaerca npaxrepa C" AByMH 3HaKaMI1 YAapeHHH: He O'lHrp&' 111 a, TO, KaK npeACTaBnHeTCH, BTOpOH 3HaK MO)KHO CBH3bIBaTb C pMTMM'IeC-

KHM YAapeHMeM, nOCTaHOBKa xoroporo B TeKCTe He, CMp. /lJIH rrrarorra

• I '32 ' 'I' ., I '

-uuctutu oseas xapaxrepna, cp.: W'IMCTMTH a,w'IM CTMTM 416 H W'IMCTI1TC,a

).. '

406, - H naxe: WI'IMCTMBIlI~ )Ke cA 41a.

TaKMM o6pa30M, B He. CHp. ewe AOBonbHO OT'IeTJ1HBO coxpaaserca pacnpenenenae /-rnarcnoa aa HenOABH)KHbIH H nOABH)KHbIM axuenrasre KnaCCbI XOTH Y nOABM)KHOrO axuenrnoro xnacca (a.n. c) 'noHBnHIOTcH BapHaHTb; npe3eHTHhJX CPOPM He- 1 sg. C HaKopeHHbIM YAapeHHeM. CnoBocpopMbI HenOABH)KHOrO axuearuoro rana (a.n. a H b) TaKMX Bapl1aHTOB [xposre CPOPMhI 2 sg.) 06b1'1HO He HMelOI. OmenbHble crtyxan BaphMpOBaHHH BbJ60pa a.n.

He npeasnuaror 3Ha'lHTenbHO nOA06Horo xce BapbHpOBaHMH B npyrnx cpenHe60nrapCKMX TeKCTax XIV sexa.

n P H M C'l a H H e. npCL(CTaBneHHc 0 nO'lTH nonHOM pacnaneaaa npOTHBonOCTaBnc-

HHII nOABHlKHoro H HCnOL(BHlKHOro aKucHTHblX rnnon /-rnaronoa B L(HanCKTe He. CHp. B03HHKno B pe3YJIhTaTe CYMMapHoro paccraorpcnaa HX aKueHTOBOK. Pa3L(CnbHbIl! ananH3, nposeneausra no tPopMaM, noxaaan, 'ITO TaKOe npeACTaBnCHHe CBlI3aHO B OCHOBHOM C HamNHeM B HenOABHlKHOM aKueHTHOM rune cnonorpopwsi 2 sg. praes. C ynapeHHeM ua OKOH'laHHH (CM. I 'I. AaHHOl! pafio rsr, c. 258-259).

OmM'IMe B aKlIeHTOnOrM'IeCKOM nOBeAeHHH CPOPM 1 sg. praes. OT rrraronOB nOABM)KHOrO axuenrnoro xnacca (a.n. c) OT cnonorpopsr 1 sg. praes. HenOABH)KHOrO axnearnoro xrracca (a.n. b H a.n, a), KaK O'leBHLJ;HO,BnOnHe perynapno. Kopnyc KOHe'lHoYAapHbIX CPOPM 1 sg. praes. He rpefiyer npennOnO)KeHHH 0 nocnenonarensnosr pacnpocrpanenaa B03MO)KHOCTH JHKnM3bI AaHHOM CPOPMbI ua KnaCCbI rnaronos nepBH'IHbIX a.n. a H a.n. b, a TaK)Ke npeAnOnO)KeHMH 0 B03HHKHOBeHHM YAapeHHH na OKOH'IaHHH B 1 sg. praes.

B AaHHOM AMaJJeKTe B pesynsrare OTTH)KKH no 3aKoHY Bacanseaa-Jlon06Ko (onpenenemroe anasenae JroM OTTH)KKM MH CTaHOBneHHH raxoro YAapeHHH He HCKnlO'IeHO, HO Hen)cpeACTBeHHO H3 MaTepHaJJa naMHTHHKa

,He BbITeKaeT). ITO-BHAHMOMY, OTTH)KKa no 3aKOHY BaCHJ1beBa-lloJI06KO npencranneaa B TeKCTe He. CHp. naurs B cpopMe: He w6ntHA cA 206a. HaJJM'IMe KOHe'lHoYAapHblx CPOPM 1 sg. praes. 01' rrrarorron a.n, c rrpa nO'lTM non HOM OTCYTCTBMM TaKOBbIX Y rnaronon a.n, b 3aCTaBnHeT OTKa3aTbCH OT nonsrrox 06bHCHHTb nepnsre aHaJJomeH C nepBH'IHOH aKueHTOBKOM COOTBeTCTBYlOlUHX $OpM a.n, b. KaK OKa3aJJOCb, KOHe'lHOYAapHble CPOPMbI 1 sg.ipraes. a.rr. c B AaHHOM rraMHTHHKe (B OTnWlHe OT 0 rrHCbM.) He CBH3aHbI M C HaJJH'IHeM JJiKnHTMKM. ITO-BMAHMOMY, AnH peweHHH scnpoca 06 HX B03HHKHOBeHHH HMeeT 3Ha'leHHe TOT cpaKT, 'ITO KOHe'lHOe ynapenae BblcTyrraeT no-rru HCKnlO'IMTenbHO B TpeXCnO)KHbIX, rrpMCTaBO'lHbIX cnoaotpopraax M cnoaooopssax C oTpMlIaHHeM He, r.e. xepea error OT cpoHeTM'IeCKH aaxorrojaepaoro Ha'laJJbHOro YAapeHHH. 3TO n03BonHeT CBH3bIBaTb naanoe ynapenae C pMTMM'IeCKMM YAapeHMeM OPTOTOHH'IeCKHX cnonodiopr-r (r.e., O'leBHAHO, nanemre TOHaJJbaoro OTnH'IHH axnenra cpOpM-JHKnMHOMeHoB OT axuenra OPTOTOHH'IeCKHX CJIOBO$OpM npaseno K pacnpocrpanemno na nepasre aKlIeHTHoM peIl1eTKM2 0 ,

CBoMcTBeHHoH BTOPbIM, C AaJJbHeHillHM nepepacnpocrpaaeaaev AHcpcpepeH> UHaJIbHOH CPYHKIIHH C rrraaaoro YAapeHHH aa nepaoe pHTMH'IeCKOe, C COOTBeTCTB}'IOWHM YCHneHHeM nepaoro p"TMH'IeCKOrO H "CTHpaHHeM" rnasaoro, no aHaJIOrHM C ynapeaaer-r npyrnx cnosodiopw) .

II p e B H e C e p 6 C K a H C H C T e M a B aasane XV B. (Ee-anp. N° 7364) coxpaHHna YCTOH'IHBYIO HaKopeHHYIO aKlIeHTOBKY BO scex CPOpMax rrpesearHblX OCHOB a.rr. a, cp.:

1. wBp'royce 616, 68a, He C:;Bpbroyce 230a, HelwBpbroyce 2666; BbBptroy

,.,.. / ~ / ~ /

152a ~WBPb)KeillH 2816, wBpb)KeIl1Mlce 2616, W spsxcerce 3286.

2. 60YAOY 926, 1036, 1286, 1866, 251a, 3296 ~60YAellm 1526, 288a; 6oy))'eTb 82a, 966, 976, 1006, 102a HAp. (MHoro.), H ~36~AeTb 81a, H 6oy)),erb 1566, cb60YAerce 282a, 298a, na cb60y)),eTce 2886, 289a, 3006, na

cb60yiAeTce 301a; 60YAeTe 1376, 1566, 157a, H 60YAeTe 132a, 1566;

6~)),ere 1076-108a; 60ylAOYTb 126a, 1316, 60Y)),OYTb 966, 137a, H 60YAOYT! 1316; HAp. non.

L 1//

3. BbCTaHOY 290a ~BbCTaHeTb 104a, BbCTaHeT 60 1316, He nocraaers 1436;

Bbcr'HoYTb 107a, BbCTltHOYT 60 2586, na He OCriHOYTb 2886, 3006.

4. If (lc~nnlO 182a ~lbc~nnIOTb ~ 1856.

) 1 " I " I I

5. He OYMbIIO 265a ~OYMblellIH 2696, OMbIt€llIH 265a, OYMbIIOTb I 336.

6. He 3Ha1O 2406, 269a, bis, 2816, If 3Ha1O 318a ~ KaKO M'e 3H~ellIH 248a,

~KO Me 3H{ellIH 56; 3H{eTb 3166, bis, He noanaera (3 du.) 1376, 3086.

7. 1('10 ce 216a ~)),a rroKalOTce 1296.

...4.. I I .A.. I

8. Bb3BHrHOY IQ 7a ~nOABl1lrHoYTce 2346, nOBHlrH0YTce 259a.

9. fbi6n1O 227a ~ cp.: norw61HoYTb 116a.

,.,..1 ,\ ,,_

10. copsrrnoy 826, 3206 (cp. COBp. CXpB. pueuyru, puzneu; crtoaea.

rtgniti, r'ignem)

11. BH')K)].OY 2046, )].aiBH)KAoy 2186, He BH)K)),OY 3126, bis, He B~9I(o}i2a,

9'9 ~/.A. / I

a, 9 a, 1606, 212a, He 06M)KOY 966 ~ BHLUfum 1286, 1576, BHLUfliliH 64a;

HeHaB&LUfTb 247a, M Bb3HeHaBHAHTb 132a; na B1mHMb 287a, 2926, 2946, )laIBMHMb 286a, na BHILUfM 295a; BHLUfTe 1076, BHILUfTe 121a; BHAeTb257a, H HeIBH)leTb 122a, Bb3HeHaBHAeTb 155a.

12. cnh'IllIoy 163a, 1866 ~ He cnh'IllIHllIH na 284a, 2906, Helcni>'Iumum na 3016; na cn~IIllHTb 120a, 1226, 135a, bis; cnh'IllIHTe 1226, oycn6!llIHTe221a; cmiIllIeTb 122a, 1226, 1586, oycnbiIlIeTb 122a, bis.

13. nocrasrno 1396, 2616, bis, nocralarno 1396, He oICT~BnlO 426, He OC-

I 01 , . " "I

raarno sa 2726 ~ rrOCTaBHTb 108a, bIS, 180a, H nOCTaBHTb 2356, H nocra]

BHTb 262a, OCTa:dHTb 1086, 209a; If He ilcnlBeTb 1946.

14. cn~BnlO ce 3296, npocnasmo 38a, 3246 ~ npocnaaars 222a, 271a,

2756, npocnasalrs 1096, npocnalmm. 271a, na npocnasnr ce 2536; na

npolCJI~eTCe 244a. .....

15 ,. , ,,/ :> AI , 'C'

. oynoA06n1O 686, 159a, oynoncodrno 202a ~ oyrro6HMb 123a; rroAw6HTe

1056.

20 nOA "aKucHTHOl! pcuicrxoa (rapwounco«) " Mbl nOHHMaeM rnaanoe ynapcnae C PHTMI1'ICCKH CBlI3aHHbIMif CHUM BTopOCTcneHHblMH YAapeHHIIMIf. cneAYlOllIHMIf 06bl'lHO

sepea error nocne Hero. Marepaan no CTPYKType "axueuruoa peuierxu" eM. B pa- 6OTe: 3a.nu31U1K A.A. npOTHBOnOCTaBneHHe 6YKB 0 II W B npeaaepyccxort PYKonHcH XIV sexa "Meparro Ilpasea .. oe" - COBeTcKoe cnaBRHOBCnCHHe, 1978, NQ 5, a raxxe B I '1aCT\ll aacrc Illll.el! paOOTbl.

14

15

OAHaKO B3aHMOOTHOllleHHJI Me)!(AY a.rr. b H a.n. c 6bInH B 3Ha'lHTenbHOH CTeneHH nepecrpoeasr.

Ilepsce, 'ITO 6pOCaeTCJI B rnaaa npa aHaJIH3e aKueHToBKHEB.-anp.N°7364,

sro aKueHTyaUHoHHOe ynortofineaae <pOPMbl 1 sg. praes. j-praesentia a.n. b <p0pMe-3HKnHHoMeHY 1 sg. praes. TeMaTH'IeCKHX rnaronos a.n, c npa coxpaHeHHH aKueHTHOrO pa3JIH'IlUl 3THX rpynn rJIarOJIOB BO scex OCTaJIbHbIX JIH" uax, cp.:

a.n, a: i'r (lc~rullo (Ee-anp. N° 7364, 182a).

Cp. raxsce B TeKCTe XVI B. (C6. 1509 r.):

1. nOAB~)!(~ 189a ~ nOAB~)!(~ 22.

2. B1>cnmf'110 34, 170a, 324a ~ B1>cITJI1'1eTb 323 H LA·

3. ~CJllI~'11O 476a ~ IIJI1'1elllHCe 448a, 476a. (CM. fiYJIaTOBa CT I'A, c. 195)

Ho a.n. b: . .

1. Cb3H)!(ity (EB .-anp. N° 7364 ,-189a), C'13H)!(LJ:0Y (ib., 2316) .

2. npsirescoy (ib., 223a).

AH3'IOrH'lHbiM 06pa30M (r.e. KaK 3HKJIHHOMeHbl) HHTeprrpeTHpYIOTCSI H <PoPMbl 6e3 CJIOrOBOH npHCTaBKH: 3. )!(e)!(Aoy (ib., 2886,' 3006), 4. H CK~'6 (ib., 2786). TaKaJI HHTeprrpeTaIJ,HJI scex <pOPM 1 sg. praes. OT j-praesentia a.n. b

C AOJIrOTHblM xopaev nOATBep)!(AaeTCH H MaTepHaJIaMH cepficxoro 113blKa XVI B., cp, B C6. 1509 r.:

1. 31Be)!(~ 105 a ~ CBe)!(elllH 516, cBI)!(eTb 406a, CBl)!(tTb 471 a.

,2. n6Ka)!(~ 8 2a ~,nOKa)!(elllH 76a, nOKa)!(eTb 10, 23, 39, 49, 50, 211 a, noKa)!(gTb 302a, noxaxera 221 a.

I v ' "

3. aarrauro 12, 93a3, 932 ~ nanaurer Ice) 434a, 540a, 550, HanHUleMs 38,

49a, 200a, 251a.

4 I .Ly 277 1Jl. '..4. IJ>.~

. n9CTpa)!(o a - nO~Tpa)!(elllH 271" nocrnaxers 270a~ nOCTpa)!(OTb 502.

5. HapH'IIOCe 219 - aapasers 120, aapaxersce 400a, HapH'IJIlTb 180a,

187a2, 191a, 402, HapH'IIOTbCe 77. (CM. EYJIaTOBa Crf A, C. 195).

HaJIHqeCTBYlOlUHe B nOCJIeAHeM TeKCTe npHCTaBO'IHble <pOPMbl 1 sg. praes.

JA

OT )THX )!(e rnarOJIOB C HaKopeHHblM YAapeHHeM (C1>3H:)I(OY 35, 42a, 397,

nod)f('t 1,72, 156, 333a, Hamfm~ ce 12, n"tnJw ls' 227a, Hap~'1IOCe 442) cnenyer, sepoarao, CBH3bIBaTb C BJIHSIHHeM 3MOBbiX BapHaHTOB <pOPM 1 sg. praes., HaJIH'IeCTBOBaBUlHX, B03MO)!(HO, yxce B sro BpeMJI B )!(HBOH pexa nacua.

nOA06HYlO aKueHToBKY B npeaaecepticxosr cosepureaao perynapao HMelOT

d>OPMbl 1 sg. praes, y TeMaTH'IeCKHX rnarOJIOB a.n, c: I

(Ea-anp. N° 7364) - 1. il: chl6epoy 189a; 2. npHBJItKOY 38a; 3. nptAaJO 288a; 4. P'CITHoy 2996, 2836, 326a; H 6e3 npHcTaBKH: 5" )!(~BOY 2726;

O. rp~Aoy 24a, 278a; 7. peKOY 82a, 1006, H P~KOY 215a, 227a; 8. A~IO ".233. 273a, bis, 271a; 9. milO 2526, 253a, 266a.

(}leHb Ba)!(HO npa nOM, 'ITO B OCTaJlb.HbIX JIHI-laX pa3JIH'lHe Me)!(AY aKueHTOBKOH AaHHblX JlBYX rpynn rJIarOJIOB (i-praesentia a.rr. b H resrafll'ICCKHe rnaronsr a.n. c) CTOHKO COXpaHHeTCH, cp.:

j-praesent ia a.n. b

I I I I .....

1. MerpeTb 2206; 2. He nOKOYITJIIOTCe 132a; 3. CbTH'IeTb 112a; 4. crpaxe rs

1036; 5. It nporenrers i\ lORa, H nporeuren, 260a; 6. CBe)!(eTe 95a; 7. 'lflrpeurn

,! 3 1fe1 ,I .. I -

i56a, I1IpeTe 1 26, 3056, Bb3blijIlTe 271a, HrpOYTb 1196, mpoYTb\)!(e 147a,

16

l1rpeTe (3 du) 121a; 8. Bb3Ae)!(AelllH 3146; 9. 3H)!(AeTe 319a; 10. npa !-€MJIltTb 886, nO~MSlI€TCe 137a, nOeMJIIf:TCe 137a, np'ieMJIIOTb, 102a, Bbcnpi"eMJIt-£Bt 303a, BbCnpIiMJIi=eB-L 2876; 11. rJIalrOm-£Tb 276a.

TeMaTHqeCKHe rJIarOJIbI a.n. C.

1. npHBJIt\'1eTb 176, o6JIt'le~' 1796, o6JIt'lthece 85a; 2. if cb6epoYTb

83a, H cb6epoYTce 2356; 3. Hb na cb6JIIOAelllH 278a cb6JIIOAe'Tb "126 cb6JIIOAe'Tce 154a, cb6JIIOAOYTb 186; 4. He 6ptl)!(en~ JIH 3216, He 6pt;eTb' 2116'

5 I 125 ... I , I '

. na cnacerce a, na cncers ce6e 297a; 6. KJIbHeTCe 1046 (4x) 105a'

7 1 317" I "I "

_. npHHec~Tb a'/H npcaeccyrs 155/a; 8. H, seners 1096, 3146, Bb3BeAeTb

1466; 9. H rHI-€TOYTb 179a; 10. neserece 180a; 11. H)!(AeHeTb 136a H:)f(JJ;e-

1 2746 3076 "'.4. I :0 .... 1 ¥',___

HOYTb , , Hl!eH_?Y!b 69,6, HI)!(eHoYTb 127a; 12. rpernsrs 886, rpeners

'. 185a, 254a, 2696; 13. H O)!(HBeTb 84a; 14. na ~cnHerce 2836 326a nalnpon- 1 He'Tce 294a, na npormoyrs 2336, "Aa n~onHoYITb H: 2856, 294a (c pe~KHMH CIT,Y'IaHMH cMeUleH~H C a.n. b - ~ npOnHe}e 319a); 15. AaeTe 1566; 16. naners 1016, cnanoyrs 1076, 259a, ssnanerace 88a (nepnasna a_IT. a); 17. He

, , 117 .. AI, , 1

oYKpMeUlH a, H KplAOYTb 246a, Hit xpanoylrs 246a, 0YKPaAoYTb 305a

(nepaaxaa a.n. a); 18. na pe'lelllH 281a, pe'leTb 59a 926 1006 peqeTCe

I I I '"

2636, aapexerce 141a, pe'leMb 1006, pesere MH 1506 (eAHHCTBeHHbIH rna-

rOJI 3TOH rpyrmu, KOTOPblH naer MHOrO'IHCneHHble npHMepbl C HaKopeHHbIM

1 9 .' I I

YAapeHHeM: pesers ,26, 1346, 1416, bIS, peser! 107a, [peiers 1416], pe-

'1eMb 1006, 142a, pexere 1006, 104a, 106a, peKoYTb 91a, 107a, 157a, 2586 297a, pelKoYTb 126a, if peKoYTb 586, peKlS \Tb 93a, [pe~oYTb 297a]); , 19. ITHeTb 27a, ITHI .. he 180a, Hcrr'iJ6Tb 127a; 20. na OYMP~Tb 876, na o1MpeMb 254a (HO H: KljIe ~ OYMph'rb 2546).

$opMa-3HKJ1HHOMeH 1 sg. praes. nponaxaer H B rpynny i-rnarOJIOB nepBH'lHOH a.n. b. Ho TaM 3TO rrpOHHKHOBeHHe JIerKO 06bJlCHHeTCH npoueccov nepesona AorrrOTHbIX i-rJIarOJIOB a.n. C B a.n. b.

HapSIAY C npHBOAHBlIDIMHCSI B I '1aCTH ~a60Tbl KOHe'lHoYAapHbIMH <popMaMH 1 sg. praes. (JII06mo, npoUloy, MOJIIO [Moma, MomS], Tpbrrnro

[ .., ']'" [ " ] .A.\ n 21

TPbITJIIO, TpbITJIIO ,H3rOHIO H3rOHIO, npHXO)lWY, H3BO)!(AOY ) B TeKCTe

Ea.-arrp. N° 7364 Ha6JIIOAaeTCH 3Ha'IHTeJIbHOe KOJIHqeCTBO <P0PM 1 sg. praes. OT 3THX )!(e rnarOJIOB nepBH'IHOH a.n, b 22 C HaqaJIbHbIM (HanpHCTaBO'IHbIM) yp,apeHHeM:

1" 4 ~ 11/

.OYMOJIIO 2a, 2/2a, 0YMOJIIO 2766 (6ecnpHCTaBO'IHbIe <pOPMbl scerna C

I<OHe'lHbIM YAapeHHeM).

I ,

2. asnpouroy Bbl 142a (rrpa fionee '1aCTOM KOHeqHOM ynapenaa: nsnpouroy

BbI 195a, 215a, BbnpoUloYIBbl 164a, Ii nsnpouroy BbI 241a, 6ecnpHCTaBO'IHaH

~ ",

't'0pMa C KOHe'lHbIM YAapeHHeM: nponroy 392a) ~ npocars 2386, npocu-

re 1416, 272a, bis, na Bbnp6ceTb 26, na HCnpOCeTb 302a, na acnpocers 2846, npocara 956;

3/

. CbTBOPOY 2216, He TBOPOY 33a (6ecrrpHCTaBO'lHble <pOPMbl C nasans-

HbIM YAapeHHeM: TBOPOY 45a, 1006, lOla, 142a, 1426, 1956, 2I5a, 2156,

2~ .

l(0I<Y'1eHTawuo <POPM CM. B "Barrro-cnanaacxnc MCCJIell,OBaHHH 1982", c. 212)_ ., M

Id orrycxaesr 31J;eCb crporoe IJ;OKaJaTeJlbCTBO ncpsasaocra a.n. b ll,nHnpHBolJ;HMbIXrna-

ronon. qacTH'lHo OHO OTpaJKeHO B npell,llIeCTBYIOUJ.HX ny6JIlIKCiL\HfiX, nOIlHbili paatiop H peKOHCTpYKlUfJl npacnaasacxoro pacnpeneneaas aKueH1Hl-,lx napanurra B i·rnaronax nOlJ;rOT asflHBae-rCll.

2. 3aK_ 136

17

265a, 2696, 272a, 2736, TBOipoy 182a. KOHe'lHoYAapHaJI <popMa acrpeseaa

I ) , ,

nmns OAHH pas: CbTBOPOY 117a - TBO'pHIIIH 6a, 142a, 215a, TBOipHlUH

142a, TBOPHTb 1086, 269a, 2816, Ii TB6pHTb 82a, 123a, CbTBOPHTb 1196, 1216, 1466; 272a, TBOpHTe 135a, H: He rnop'ilre 158a; TB6peTb 186, 126a, 153a, 1566, 2876, 297a, bis, rnolpers 76a, Ii He mopers 126a, CbTB6peTb 118a, 27Sa; CbTBOPHBt (1 du.) 273a;

4 I , , ,

.pasejpoy 2316- He Pa30pHTCe 1316,221a, aelpaaoparce 200a-6; paao-

pare 7a;.

5. nonoxoy 133a, if Bhn,O)l(oy 3126, bis, if B'bnO)l(oy 2a, if B~ino)l<Oy 9a,

?t Bhnoi)l(oy 212a, H Bbnoi)l(oy 2a, 99a - Bb3nO)l(HiIIrn 125a, nOnO)l(HIIrn

2716; nOn6)I(HTb 108a, 2606; npHnO)l(HMb ~ 123a; Bb3n6)1(eTb 127a, 1836; Bb3noi)l(eTb 696, Bb3nO)l(eT 60 1996, H 06nO)l(eTb 1946, npancxerce 180a, npHno)l(eiTCe 71a;

6 ' 2 ' ,

· nsaspatpoy 18a, asaspaqroy ce 173a - na He Bb3BpaTHT ce 190a, He

Bb3BpaTHTce 224a; aqIe He 66paTHTece 1026;

7. Bb3mo6mo erb (fiecnpacraaoxasre <pOPMbI scerna C KOHe'lHbIM ynapeHHeM, CM. I 'l. c. 212)""' ~ Bb3imo6HlIIH 2196; Bb3mb6HTb 70a, 1616, 2116; 8. nOqIoy ce 223a - nOcTeTce 116a, bis.

3TH <pOPMbI eCTeCTBeHHO 06bHCHHIOTCH KaK pesynsrar aHaJIOrHH C rnaronaMH nepBH'IHOii a.n. c, nonY'IHBlIIHMH B CHnY nponecca nepesona nonrorHbIX z-rnaronon :nOH aKu;eHTHoH rraparurrwsr B a.n. b aaxopeanoe ynapeane BO ncex <pOPMax npeaenca, xpor-re 1 sg. praes., cp.:

1 'I AI AI ,I .f

· H h'.\BnlO ce 2726 - na ~BHTb 1466, hlBHTce 259a' nal h'.\BeTb 1476

ttl,1 "

na h'.\seTce 106, na IilBeTce 34a.

2 ..,., , , , ,

· wnoylqI0Y BaMb 302a - noycrnura 283a; rroycnrrs 596, 233a, noyctar'

209a, wnoycTHTb 131a, 142a, wnoycTHTb 2456, wnoYCTHTS B~iMb 142a; HH

I 241......' ""\ I

rrOYCTHTe a; conoycrerce 119a, w noycrerce 3126;

3. BbCKptlIIOy' er~ 176, 186, if B~CKptlIIOY tko 176, HI, B~CKptlIIOYI ;r

"+" ..-¥

176 - H BbcKpncHTb 219a, H BbcKpncHT1 10 16.

4. ilcutJIIO 75a, Ii ~cutnlOiilxb 386 - ifcr.a;nHTb 2466.

5. nOPaiKoy 2296, 2666 (cp. COBp. CXpB. nopasara, nopa3HM).

Cp. aKu;eHTHYIO KPHBYIO npH KpaTKOCnO)l(HOH, BTOPH'lHO COKpameHHOH H , aecnoronoa OCliOBe i-rrrarorrOB nepBH'iHOH a.n. c:

1. Bb3BecerrIO ce 2276 - BecerrRMce 227a

2. He noroY6mo 176 - noroy6RTb 886, noiroyn~Tb 916, noroy6JfTb 10

, 6 ' 196" r:". 6 ,J, I ,

H noroy HTb a, H noroytnrrs 167 ',216a, He tlJroy6JiTb 206a; noroyfiers

1176, 141a, 2846, 291a, 302a, noroytielrs 214a, na noroy6eTb 76a (OTHO-

, \

CHTerrbHO KOJIH'IeCTBa rnacaoro cp.: COBp. CXpB. noeytiutu, noeytiios -H 6ec-

- '6 '6-

rrpHCTaBO'lHbIH: 2Y UTU, 2y UM. Ha cymecraonaaae B H3bIKe naMHTHHKa aa-

paaara C aecoxpamenaoii OCHOBOH, B03MO)l(HO, YKa3bIBaeT <p0pMa: H noroy- 6HTb 143a.)

3. na rrpb3POY 213a, Aajnp63poy 1406, na np6i3poy 2136 -rrp03P~lIIH 1576, lie 3PHlUR 60 2186, 3pIfuIH 120a; OY3PHTb 81a, 181a, 2236, 2686, ~91~, 30t6, ohpHTe 1066, OY3~miTk 258a, o,Y3PHiT~ 281a, oY3pih'e 2846, H oyapare 2316, na Helnpt3pHTe 9Sa; ssapers 289a Bb3p~ITb 301a 3P~Tb

122 ID ", .. I ' ,

a. OPMbI OY3pHIIrn 2836:6Y31pHIIrn 301a, nO-BHAHMOMY, B pe3YJIbTaTe

aHaJIOrHH, neacraonaamea B xnacce rrraronsnsrx KOp'HeH C peAYUHpOBaHHbIMH, cp. TaK)I(e BapHaHT <pOPMbI 1 sg. praes: OY3POY BbI 2766.

18

OAHaKO O'leBHAHO, 'UO 3HKnHHOMH'lHOCTb <pOPMbI 1 sg. praes. OT j-praesent ia a.n. b nOA06HbIM 06pa30M 06bHCHHTb HeB03MO)l(HO.

B npeABapHTeJIbHOM rropanxe (MaTepHaJI HBHO HeAOCTaTO'leH AJIH pemarensasix BbIBOAOB) MO)l(HO npeAJIO)l(HTb crreAYIOllJ,}'1O rHnOTe3Y.

HMeeTcH pHA MOMeHTOB, ofipantaroutax aa ce6H BHHMaHHe:

1. IDOPMbl 1 sg. praes. C KOHe'IHbIM YAapeHHeM OTMe'IaIOTCH HCKrrlO'IHTenhHO y rrrarorros HCKOHHOH a.n. b, y rnaronon nepBH'IHOH a.rr, C TaKHe <popMbl OTCYTCTBYIOT (cp. ofiparnoe pacnpeneneane B aarranaotionrapcxoxr TeKCTe Hc. CHP,),

2. Ilpacraao-nrsre

<pOPMbl 1 sg. praes. C KOHe'IHbIM YAapeHHeM OTMe'leHbI

..... \ .&.\ ~ 1"\

]JH~b Y KpaTKOCn~)I(HbIX rnaronos: H3rOHIO, npHXO)l(0Y, H3BO)l(AOY, nsnpo-

uroy Bbl, CbTBOpOy,- Y nonrocnoaorsrx rnaronon I sg. praes. C KOHe'l-

HblM ~AapeHHeM OTMe'leHbI rrHIIIb B fiecnpacraaoxaofi <popMe: JII06mb (Te),· TpbllJHO.

3. Bee nonrocnoxnsre npHCTaBO'lHbIe rrraronsr 6bIBlIIeH a.n. b nonysaior B <popMe 1 sg. praes. ynapenae na npacrasxe: Bb3BPaIfI0Y, Bh3nlO6rrlO,

, , JL

nparexoy, Cb3H)I( oy.

4. Kposre YKa3aHHbIX BbIlIIe aKu;eHryaI.J;HOHHbIX BapHaHTOB <pOPM 1 sg. praes. rpyrrna npHCTaBO'lHbIX rnaronon, BOCXOAHllJ,HX K crapoa a.n. b, 06HapYiKHsaer BapHaHTbI C HaKopeHHbIM YAapeHHeM. 3TH BapHaHTbI <PHKCHPYIOTCH

I

naurs Y KpaTKOCrrO)l(HblX rnaronon: 1. CbTBOPOY 28a, 42 a, 65 a, 1406,

1866, 189a, 1956, 21Oa, 213a, 233a, 2526, 2646, 277a, 2846, 302a cbh-n6poy

'I I I " I.L.D

272a, CbTBO poy 272a, He TBOPOY 3286; 2. nonozcoy 1996 220a' 3. npu-

I.A, I.,L , ,

xoxoy 24a; 4. BbCXO)l(0Y 936, 2076, 312a. Ha TO, 'lT0 ra-

xoe ynapeaae He cnyxaaao, YKa3bIBaeT HaJIH'IHe nOA06HbiX <pOPM y TOH)I(e rpyrmsr rnaronos H BO 2-3 en, aopacra, xareropaa, soofiute 60rree nocnenoaarensao npOBOAHmeH crrHHHHe a,n. b H a.n, C B CTOpoHy nonnoro ynonofiJIeHHH aKU;eHTOBKH rnaronon nepBH'IHOH a.n.b nO}J,BH)l(HOMY aKu;eHTHOMY THny. HapMY C OiKHAaeMblM HanpHCTaBO'IHbIM ynapeaaev OTMe'leHbl cnenyio-

I ,., ) I

UUle cnyxan: Bb3JIO)I(H 236, H nonoxa 2696, paCTO'lH 2266, CbTBOPH 96, IOa,

166, 496 H np. (oxeas MHoro). 3TO ynapenae m:iofAa pacnpocrpaaaercs H

,

Ha A,PyrHe nnua aopncra H CBH3aHHbIe C HHM ~OPMbI: nsnpocame 756, 92a,

nOrrO)I(HlIIe 1516, 311 a, no I rrb)I(HIIIe 311 a, nonozoors 312a, CbTB6pHIIIe (noCJIe)J;HHH <popMa ynorpetinaerca O'IeHb 'IaCTO, coticraeaao roBOPH, rnaron T80- pUTU nsrcrynaer B naMHTHHKe B }J,Byx aKu;eHTyaU;HoHHbIX napnaarax: a.n.b

H a.n.s) .

Taxoe pacnpeneneuae MaTCpHaJIa nosnonaer npennonoaorrs, 'ITO COCTOHHHe, HenocpeACTBeHHO npeAlIIeCTBYlOmee 3a<pHKCHpOBaHHOMY B naMHTHHKe, 6bIJIO 6rrH3KO K npencrannenaojay B 'rafin. 1 (CM.).

3a<pHKcHpoBaHHoe B TeKCTe COCTOHHHe pa3BHnOCb H3 Hero nYTeM nocnenOBaTerrbHoro BblTeCHeHHH Y rnaronon rpynnsr j-praesentia KOHe'lHOrO ynapellHH HaKopeHHbIM nOA BrrHHHHeM YAapeHHH npHCTaBO'IHbIX <p0pM.

3Ta CHCTeMa npa Y'IeTe cnorossrx HHTOHau;HH pacxpstaaerca crreP,YIOllJ,HM 06pa30M (CM. rafin. 2. Ilpennonaraerca, 'lT0 coxpemeane aKYTHpOBaHHbIX

rnaClIblX Y)I(e npOH30llIJIO) . .

Taxoe pacnpenenenae Momo 6bITb pesynsrarora <poHeTH'IeCKOH OTTHiKKH ynapeHHH B npeAIIIecTBYIOIIICH eMY p,OCTaTO'lHO O;r.I,H.OPO;r.I,H.OH CHCTeMe (CM. ra6n. 3) .

19

Ta6nHua 1

~--------r~~--------~---A.n.

nonrocnoseasre

KpaTKOCJ10>KHbIe

np,]6/l"tKOY 6/lt:KOY

b

U

c

/ 663/1/06/110

npHCTaBO'IHble npocndento

, nO/lOJICIO

, nOi!OY6.n/O

i-maronbi

I C/lU6/l/O

\ /lOJIC/O

GecnpHCTaBOqnsre

*noK/lln.II/o *K/len/l~

j-praesentia npHCTaBO'IHbIe OCWR/l/O

Gecn PHCTaBO'l- csinn» HbIe

teCKHe

Ta6nHua 2

A.n. 0
b c
1l.0nrOC1IO)K- KpaTKO-
asre cnosorsre
n pH CTaBO'IHbIC prosl»vju " (b po/~1u p'MilbJu
i-rJIarOJIbI VbZ u lu
6ecnpHC1BBott- sl1z'vlu /ub/u I ~\\ gUbJu
, ozu
HbIe
n PHCTaBO'IHble osyplU ~z1ju
j-praesentia pokl~PJu p'Ov(iku
H TeMaTH- GecnpHCTaBott- sypJu ziJ~ klepJu vl~ku
'leCKHe HbIe ! Ta6JIHua 3

A.n. U I
b c
nonrocnosc- KPaTKOCJ10lK-
asre Hble
npHCTaBO'IHhIe pros/~vju vbzjub/u poli3!u II v
i-rJlarOJIbI pogiib/u
Gecn pHCTaBO'l- smvju JilbJu 10111 gUb/u
HbIe
j-praesentia n PHCTaBO'IHble ospp/u SbZljU poklepJu p'tJv/~ku
H TeMaTH- Gecn pHCTaBOq- syp/u zl~u klepj'il
'leCKHe HbIe vli!ku
I
i
--._. <l>OPMbI *vbz/ub!u, *sbz71u (sepes cryrrens *vbz/z1b/u, *sbzlJu, rne - OAHa-

KO, He TO)f(JJ;eCTBeHHO "HOBOMY axyry") * ,,' .:

(xepea crynens *palO'fu *p kl' ,/. ) , paSHO KaK poloiu, *poklep/.Ii

_ ' a epJu MODm B03HHKHYTb B pe3YJIhT3,-P, T'·W-

MH'IeCKOH nOABH)f(J(H axryca B np r •

,n HCTaBO'IHbIX <popMax (c xoae-moro cno-

i/

ra), xapaxrepaoii, nO-BHAHMOMY, H ,[J.JIH 3arraAHo~60nrapcKoH 06nacTH23. npOUecc *VliZ litb/u > 6b3JlJ06Jl1o MO)I(HO CBH3bIBaTb C llITOKaBCKOH nepen'BH)!(KOH gen. pI. *kopyt-" > COBp. CXpB. K()nUTii, npa KOTOPOH <popMa C ne-

peABHHYTblM YAapeHHeM coxpausna OTnH'iHe OT <P0PM-3HKJIHHOMeHOB. OAHa- 1(0 K XV B_ 3TO OTIIH'lHe B p,aHHbIX rnaronbHbIX <popMax Morno .6bITb yzce yrepHHO. Ilna i- H n9-rnaronOB, B KOTOpblX H3-3a cnHHHHH aKueHTHbIX xnacCOB (a.n.b H a.n.e) aHaIIOm'leCI(Qe B03AeHCTBHe a.n. e 6bmo p,OCTaTO'IHO

,

CHJJbHbIM, MO)!(HO AYMaTb, 'ITO <popMa THna 6b3JlJ06Jl1o HH'IeM He ornasanacs

OT 3HKJIHHOMeHa n02oy6Jl1o. Bo BCHKOM cnysae, p,nH aor. 2-3 sg., <pOPMbl, HCTOPHH KOTOPOH AOn)!(Ha 6bIIIa 6b1Tb nOll06HOH HCTOPHH 1 sg. praes., Mbl HMeeM npHMble CBHAeTenbCTBa 3TOMY: cpeP,H penHKToBbIX cnyxaes OTTH)!(KH YllapeHHH BO 3aKoHY Bacansesa -llon06KO OTMe'lalOTCH <pOPMbI aor. 2-3

58- OT rnarOJIOB nepBH'lHOH a.n. b : 1- Bb3BpaTHce 149a, 1746, if nsasparace 1496; H OYTBopHce 2046; 3. Oy-MonH Me 1106; 4. xocaoyce 161a,

xo I CHOYCe 1786 (cp. <pOpMbI OT rnaronOB a.n. e: 1. pa3ntnHc~ 1726; 2. H OYTBpb,UHCe 164a; 3. ,UHBHCe 289a; 4. WBpb3ece 148a; 5. oy60Hl d: 100a; 6. cb6bICTb c~ 3016. I10-BH,UHMOMY, 310 rOBOpHT 0 TOM, 'ITO rrpouecc "3HKJIHHOMeHH3auHH" arax <pOPM aor. 2-3 sg- npouren AOBonbHO paao, euie xorna 3aKOH BaCHIIbeBa-llon06KO 6bIII )!(HBbIM p,nH naanexra, OTpa)!(eHHOro B Ea-anp. N0 7364. Ilpennonarar> HHoe p,nH <pOpMbl 1 sg. praes. OT iH. nv- rnaronos n~pBH'lHOH a.n. b Y Hac HeT, OC~BaHHH;

OAHaKO xapaxrep ynapeuaz B <popMax Cb3H)I{OY, npHTelKOY Hero OTHO-

*.,A */ ( ,

we~He K YAapeHHIO 6eCnpHCTaBO'iHbIX <PO pM 3H)I{O y, rexoy cp. )!(e)!(Jl:oy,

CkaJKlS) MO)!(HO paccsrarpaaars nOA06HbIM 06pa30M rorrsxo BeCbMa YCJIOBHO. 1bum 06Hapy)!(eHHe raxoro pona q>OpM C OTTH)!(KOH YAapeHHH sa orpanaIDle, COlO3 IDIH C OTTH)f(J(OH aa 3HKnHTHKY CMO)l{eT CHHTb BCHKHe COMHeHHH B aKueHTyaUHoHHoM TO)!(Jl:eCTBe 3THX <pOpM cooTBeTcTBy:toIUHM <p0pMaM-3HKJIHHOMeHaM. BCHKoro pona KocBeHHble llaIlHble, cBHAeTeJIbCTBYH 0 coxpaHeHJm B ueno» HenoABH)!(HOrO aI<ueIlTHoro rana Y 3THX marOJIOB, rOBopHT cKopee nporas npennaraesroro OTO)!(,UecTBneHHH, cp. iPOPMbl aor. 3 sg.: 1- C~3A3 ,~86,16g6, 224a, Cb31la 686, H Cb31l~ 121a~ 2156; ~. cK~3a 1996, 2906, llOKa3a846,986,noKa3a 144a 1976' 3. CBe3a 194a, 06el3a 184a; 4. aana-

,- ' " '

ca 199a, 209a, 2.186, Hal nHdll70a, Ii HaJUica 109a, HaIIHCa )!(e 300a; cp.

TaK)!(e aor. 3 sg. OT rnarona nepBH'lHO rpyrmbI j-praesentia C KpaTKOCnO)!(RhIM xopnesr: HCKon~ 139a, 158a, Ii ~CKoIIa 121a, H HCKol n~ 1426,2156. OTMe'leHHble B TeKCTe BapHaHTbI C I1eKoHe'IHbIM YAapeHHeM: 1. cK!3a 3016, ~I Kfla 212a, 2. if Han~ca 2226, 3. rnar6na )!(e 256624, BHe 3aBHCHMocm OT UX 06'bHCHeHHH, B nlO60M cnyxae 0 pacnpoCTpaHeHHH aa 3Ty xareropsno DOABH)!(HorO rana He CBHAeTemCTBYiOT. Cp. aHaIIOrH~Oe noncxeaae B C6. 1509 r.: nonrocnoxnsie _ 1. npHBe3~)!(e (Ix), CBe3a (Ix); 2. HaKa3~

(3 x) , nOKa3a(ce) (l2x); 3. llHca (3 x) , Ha~ca (l2x), C'bIIHCll' (3x); xparkOCJIO)!(Hble _ 1. ~306a (2x); 2. B'bCTpeneTa 254,516a; 3. noxorrefd 461,

as

. 06pullaeT ua ce611 llHHMaHHe HaJlH'lHe B ApeBHepyccKHX naMlITHHKax 4JOPM C npa-

, C1BBO'IHbIM YAape.HHeM, He ~OTHB"poBaHHbIX aI<ueHTHol!: napaAHfMol!:, B Ton,lKe

;"" rpynrre /-PJaesentIa; 1. na nOKalK~ HOBr. ne r., 192 (?; BaC~JlbeB, 48); 2. ttanllIlll!

t· 1J.B_193,HanHIll~ TPlB.141 (3aJ1H3HRK J{oCM. 133); 3, B03AtlKlS lIac.1S65 r.,74

(Bacansea, 48), B03/l,elK~ Ilc. NQ 62, 646.

OT,HOCHTeJlbHO nocnennero n pHMepa cp. coM}leHHlI II ero HCKOHHOCTH /l,JlJI }lHaJleKTa

Hcu,a B I 'laCTH H:tCT. pabor sr. c.240.

21

nOKone6;ce 419a; cnyxaa C HOBOIllTOKaBCKOH (?) perpaxuaea ynapenaa: 1. CBe3a (2x); 2. cb3HAa (Ix); 3. noxasa (ce) (18x); 4. Hamfca(ce) (8x)

, ~~,.? '

npoaarraca (Lx) , npbHarrHca (Lx) ; 5. noxonbfia 265 (CM. Eynarona Cr I'A

196) .

Ecrecrnenao, B EB .-anp. N° 7364 orcyrcrsyror KaKHe-nH60 npH3HaKH no ABH)!(HOCrH axneara H B aHaJIOI1f'IHbIX cpopMax a.n. a: 1. Bb33nKa 100a, 149a, 2136, Bb3banKa 1406, Bb3~1 mea- 976-98a, Bbl3a'nKa 1636· 2. oypi3a 280a Ii oyp-fi3a 231a; 3. nptno~cace 1646,2696, nptl no-aca ce l03a; 4. rrn~Ka ' ce 269 a, nnaxaa ce 2406, 2816, rrna'Kal ce 1946.

Cp. cospevenaoe IlIrOKaBCKoe nopvarasaoe pacnpenenenae nOABH)J(Horo H HenOABH)J(Horo axuenrnsrx rHnOB ao pacra B nOH rpynne rnaronoa"" (CM. ra6n. 4).

TaKHM o6pa30M, B ornasae or r-rnaronon, me npoHHKHoBeHHe CPOPM-3HKJIHHOMeHOB aa npenensi CBoeH nepBH'lHOH cdiepsr B npesence napannensao aHaJIOfH'lHOH reaepanasauaa CPOpM-3HKnHHoMeHoB 2-3 sg. aor., orxreuaeMbIe B rexcrax XV -XVI BB. cpaKrbI HanpHCraBO'IHOro ynapenaa B j-praesentia ornocarca acxrno-orrenstro K npeaency, -rro c.yII.J;eCrBeHHO aarpynaaer HX narepnperauaro.

Ilonotiaoro porta CPOPMbl 1 sg . praes. or KparKOCnO)!(HbIX j-praesentia (HaCKOJlbKO MO)!(HO cynars rro necsr-ta CKy;D,HOMY MarepHaJIY), B cooraercrsaa c npennoscennoa ranoreaoir, rrO-BHAHMOMY, HMenH ycroa-emoe aaxopeaaoe ynapenae. Ha 3TO yxassmaior npacrasosasre CPOPMbl 1 sg. praes. B C6. 1509 r.: 1. rrpHe'MJIIO 1292, 160a, 273,510, rrp·ieMJIIO 1292 160a 273 510· 2.cnt)J("t{ 22 (CM. Eyrraroaa CrrA 259, 170, 171),-Hrrpoc~OABy~no~bIe ' OCHOBbl B 3rOM )J(e rexcre: 3. rpel rrc4Il1 ~80, 4. Kont6nlO 338a26 (CM. Eynarona CrrA 258, 252). Jlocnenaasr coorsercmyer H cpopMa fJ11 rOJ11O Ee-anp. N° 7364, 576. Cl>opMa no6)J(oy Ea-anp. N° 7364, 2306, 2396, 267a MO)J(er paccxsarpasarsca KaK aaaneseaaaa H3 npacraaosnsrx CPOPM, MH )J(e ee MO~::> oTH~crn K rpyrrne rnaronos c peAYURpoBaHHbIMH 0, b B xopae (*lobozJr; ~ *lobozjetb < *lobozjf ~ *lob~zjetb), xoropaa raxxce nsrcrynaer B npcepticx. rexcre EB .-anp. N° 7364 KaK nonaocrsro ycrpaaanuraa KOHe'IHOe ynapeaae B cpopMe 1 sg. praes. a.rr. b.

Ta6nHua 4

\ A.n. a b
\ gonrOCnolKHble KpaTKocnOlKHble
1 S,g. cunax, \ , I 3'o6ax, Ha3"?J6ax
Hacunax nucax, nanucax
~-3 sg. cuna, HaCUna niica, nanilca 306li, ,u}306ii B Es-anp. N° 7364 B nocnermeti rpyrme rnaronos eII.J;e AOBOJIbHO oruerJIHBO coxpaaaiorca cnensr nepaonasarrsuoro pacnpeneneaaa alCu;eHrHbIX napaAHrM27. TeHAeHURfl K 06"be}J,HHeHHIO HX orpazcaerca B HaJIlI4HH rrO'ITH B K!l)K)],OH OCHOBe ABYX BapHaHrOB, OrHOCflIUHXCfl K pa3HbIM a.n., npasesr. O,!J;HaKO, 60neelJaCrbIM nosra scerna ocraerca sapaanr rrepBORalJaJIbHOH a.n.,

cp.:

A.rr. c

1_ pacnaoy 2836, 2996, 326a - na pacnaerce 2836, 326a, na] nponnerce 294a; na nponnoyrs 294a, na nponaoyl Th fi 2856, 294a (HOBbIH sapnaar: if nponHere 319a);

~, v

2_ na oyxrpnn. 876, na oyMpeMb 254a (nonsre sapaaarsr: He oysrpers

1096, ll"rpe Ii OYMptTb 2546).

3. KJIbHerCe 1046 (4x) , 105a (OCHOBa c COxpaHeHHeM cnora B n03HURH

pe,!J;YURpOBaHHOro).

4. ii All He nO'lbrerb 876 (cp. raxxce 6eCnpHCraBO'IHble CPOPMbI: '!brei rce

113a, lJ1rerce 140a;", lJbrOYT Me 876, 134a, 1346, '!bToyl T Me 876, Me lJbTOylI Tb 134a, Mel 'lbToyrb 1346)_

A.n. b

/ I I V ,1

l.Sb30MOY 207a, 312a, Bbl3MOY 156a, Bb3MO 936, na H:\foy 1576 - na

B'3MeIlI'i e 278a; Bb3MeTb· 2946, na BtJMeTb 2856, na Bi31 MeTb 2896, na Bb3MeT'294a, tt Bb!lMeTb 916, ~ Bb!3Merb 916; Bb3MOYTb 696, 127a, 1296,3076, if Bb3MOYTb 304a, H Bb3MOY 2886, Bb3MoYT1Te 1496 (aoasre BapllaHrbI: Bb3MeTce 123a, Bbl3MeTce 81a).

BapHaHT OCHOBbI c cOXp'aHeHHeM cnora B rr03HURH penynaposaanoro: He

" ",,, 3 "I 212 _,

HMoy 9a, 99a, 1606, He HMOY 26, 126, He H MOY a - npnoaers 89a,

1426, nO~MeTb 1016, rrOHMeTb 606, wH'MeTce 1536; R'MtTe 289a; np~Moyrb 966, He npfuMOYTb B-r' 1296_

2 n~cJ11O 19a 85a 138a, 1766, 1956, 198a, 2476, 275a, 2756, 3106,

, • ',' 7 ~ ,

nclcmo 1446 - nocmsrs 123a, '" nocn-elrs 1076,Aa He nocmers 1246 (HOBbIH

BapHaHT; nocrnen, 83a) .

3. 1I H~'lHe r 108a.

.. I

4. OCHoBa c COxpaHeHHeM cnora B n03HURH peAyUHpoBaHHOro: anoy 24a,

188a, 2716, 313a, 328a, UAOY 246, ter, 103a, 1646, 1876, 21~a, 227a,

2 s

:JTO pacn penenenae , caxauaaiouiee nOI.\BlIlKIIoCTb axneara C 1<0nll'lCCTBOM COBceM

HHbIM cn?co60M, tJeM no npennonaraerca nns <pOpM 1 sg. praes. II <POPM aor.

2-3 sg. r-rnaronos , IICKnlOlJaeT II ee 60nec n031l,HIOIO CBl!3b C 113YlJaeMbIMil OCOOCHHOCTl!MII al<ueHTOBl<1I npesenca. nO-BIIIl,IIMOMY, IICTO'IHIII<OM 3TOfi nogBlI)I(HOCTH Mor 6bITb nOIl,BlIlKIIbIII al<ueHTHbIII ran (a.n.c) OTbIMeHHblX a-rnaronOB (BCPOl!THO, npacnaBl!HCI<IIII, HO coxpanaaunracx nann, B ce p6CKOM Il,II3JleI<Te II l'eHep3JI1l3I1pOBaBIlIIIIIca B ganbHelllllCM B CXpB. HopMaTIIBHoM aa ace I<paTI<OCTHble II BTOpll'IHO coxpauicaHble OCHOBbI rnarorrsnsrx I<naCCOB C OCHOBOIl na -a-) • Bpesra noll reaepanaaauaa OCTa-

erca Hel!CHbIM, rax xax o6a H3Y'leHHbIX crapocepficxax Tel<CTa OTHOCl{TCl{ I< TeM znra~eI<TaM, Bol<OTOPbIX OHa aoofiurc, nO-BIIIl,IIMOMY, He npoucxonana. Bo BCl!KOM cnyxae, B Ea-anp. N- 7364 a.n. c a-rnaronOB B npeaeace 06HapY)I(IIBaeTCl! naun, B aane orncrrsasrx penHI<TOB, a B IIenWIHblX <popMax nOI.\BII)I(HbIII rim nOnHOCThIO norepxa.

26C ' \ \ _ 1

,po (OBp. CXpB. IlITOI<. KOfle6oTU, KOJte6.11>e.JII. (BYI<, c. 295 ). Konauecr aeunsre OT-

HOllJeHIIl! MemalOT paccraarpnaars CXpB. <POPMY B Ka'leCTBC 3KaBII3Ma C e < *l (cp. Skok II, c. 125, sub. v. kolij~~ka). Bapnaar cell ero perpnexcav» B pane CnaBl!HCI<IIX naanexros 06"WICHl!CTCIl H] liTe paTIIBHoll OCH,PBbI C Mop<t>onOI'H'leCI<HM y)(nHHeHlleM (e -+ e, 0 -r a, b -+Y II rron.) . Cr.-cep6. Konb6nlO, BMeCTO *Kon~6nlO (cp. MeHy:i; II e B npyrnx <p0pMax aroro cnona) , npa lIepa3nH'leHIIH 1; II e B JKaBCI<OM rmancxre naMilTIIHKa (CM. Bynarosa CTrA, c. 42 ~-43).

22

27

o nepeonasansaora pacnpeneneaan a.n. B 3T01l rpynne rnaronoa CM. I lJaCTb aacr.

IIccnell,oBaHIIl!, c. 248-261, eM. TaK)I(e: JJ.bz60 BA. AKueHTHble TlIIIbI npeaenca rnaronoa C 0, b B xopne B npaCnaBl!HCI<OM. -BR, 1972, NQ4.

23

£-lla,DlS, L.llO, b is, 273a, b is, 275a, 2766, bis,276a,328a,rm~ 254a, Hb Up,oy 254a, Ii ~oy 2766, He Hllay, 2756; rrplflMoy 1696 - H)ltUlH 2716, 'if)le- 1lI1f 253 6, #)lelli 271a; rrplfr~AeliUl: 2876, 303a;' ~)ltHb 836; rrpHi~)leTb 106a, 1076, 108a, 260a, 262a, 2716, 2873, 2926, 295a, 319a, rrpHIIf)leTb 1066, rrpH'M)leT

)!(e 108a; if rrp-sJ)leTb 104a; MHIMO~)leTb 137a, He MHMon)leTb 137a; BbHH)leTb 1176,

7 ' / I 317 / ,1· 1

31 6, H BbHH)le Tb 6; na csnaners 286a, 3036; H)leMb 103a; BbHH)leMb

1246; BbHH)leTe 1296, He BbHH)leTe 1026; Ib£meTe 1296; He MHMo~8.137a; np'i&)leBt 2726.

5. TOJIbKO HOBbIH aKueHTya1.l,H0HHbIH BapHaHT OTMelJeH B <p0pMe: csrpe] Tb i11016. .

EeCnpHCTaBO'IHbIe rnaronsr a.n. b B nnanexrax, xoropsre orpaxaer EB.anp. N° 7364 H C6. 1509 r., TepHJIH nepaasno ynapaue b H 1> H B cnysae YTpaTbI cnora nepensnrams axueur na CJIe)lywlWIH sa yrpa'IeHHblM CJIOrOM rrracasrii OKOHlJaHWI, coananaa TaKl{M 06pa30M no aKI~eHTHoi1: KPHBOH C anaJ10rH'lHbIMH marOJIaMH a.n. C, cp.: Ea-anp. N° 7364 - )!(HID 2616, ~KO )!(H~ 140a - HIT )!(H~Tb 1796.

Il p Ii Me lJ a H He: Cnor /OXpaHJlJlCJI ~ CJ1Y'lae, eCJlH penynapoaaanua CTOlUl nocrre nJl3BHOrO (cp. C6. 1S09r.Jlb)l(K 11a - Jlb)l(!l'Tb 384 - 6YJlaTOB3 CrfA 171) HJIH nocrre L, HCKOHHoro HnH npOTeTH'leCKOrO (cp. Bblllle npliMepbl C KOpHJlMH j,bd- H jbm-) 1 8. B nepBOM cnysae HOCHTeJleM cnora CTaHOBHJlCJI, BepoHTHO, nnaausra, BO BTOPOM - CO'leTaHHe *ib npOJlCHJlJ10Cb B CJ10rOBOe i.

I1MeHHo 3TO KOHe'IHOe ynapeane 6ecrrpHCTaBO'IHbIX marOJIOB C naBllIHMH pe)ly1.l,HpOBaHHbIMH B KOpHe BBO)lHTCH 3aTeM B npacraaosnsre <pOPMbI, KOropsre rrOHBJIHWTCH B sxne penxax BapHaHTOB B Ea-anp. N° 7364, a nosnnee (rro MaTepHanaM C6. 1509r.) npHBoAHT K rrOJIHoMY COBnalJ,eHHW axueHTOBKH pasee pa3JIH'IaBUlHXCH axuenrasix THnOB 3THX I'JIarOITOB.

B npaseneaasix asnne MaTepHanax H3 Ea-anp. N° 7364 6pocaeTcH B rnaaa nonaoe OTCYTcTBHe <pOPM 1 sg. praes. OT marOJIOB a.n. b C KOHe'IHbIM ynapeunew. B C6. 1509r. TaKHe <pOPMbI ecrs, HO HX aKueHTOBKa nOJIHOCTbW napannerrsaa aKueHTOBKe <pOPM He-1 sg. praes., cp.:

~ 0 I "

1. 3a'IH0 1 a - 3a'IHeUlH 8a, l Oa, 14a, 374, rrpH: 3a'IHl.i' 381a - 3alJHeUlH

35,426a, l{ H~'lH1.i' 173a, 473a - ml'IHtMb 2~2, 449a, H''lHeTe 561a, HI'lH1\'Tb 431 (a raxxe: Ha'IHtMb 90, 97, 287a, Ha'IH1'>Te 290, nO-BH)lHMOMY, co CJIYlJaHHO He 3a<pl{KCl{pOBaHHOU COOTBeTcTBywmeH <pOPMOR 1 sg. praes.).

> \ :J ..t! :I 11 :I I.

2. OYMl~ Sa - OYMPDUlH 183a, OYMPDMb 439a, OYMp8Tb 251a (a TaK-

" ,/ .....

)!(e: OYMP lilH 107a, 487a, OYMPDMb 102a, 542, rro-BH)lHMOMY, co CJIYlJaH:HO

He 3a<pHKCHpOBaHHOU COOTBeTcTBywWeH: <pOPMOH 1 sg. praes.},

3. rrocJI~ 146a - nocJI~Tb 100a, 292a, WCJIt~Mb 141, 160, npa: rr6CJlw 431 - rrOCJIeTb 468.

4. rrpm)l8 10, 73, 132a, 205a - rrpmlAhb 431, npi:mI.iTe 23a 80 124 409a; npa: np~)lls' 481a - np'n()leTb 11, 1~. 21, 25a, 33, 86a ... '(I2~), ' npiners 14, rrpllf)lIs'Tb 39a (a raroxe: npoH)leMb 451, co cnY'IaHHO OTCyrcrsytomen <pOPMOH: 1 sg. praes. OT 3TorD rnarona)-

... ~ I .'

5. WHMo 166,383, np'iHM8'8a, 194a - rrpm Mb'U; 3'2a, 80, 238, 241a rrpi-

lIM8Tb 148a, 2ISa; npa: WHM~ 130, npi'RMIi 31, s., 107, 424a, B{3Mi

28

fipl1Bene.HHblc Bblllle npllMepbl AOBOlIbHO sarrranno ne~.jOHCTPHPYIOT pa3HHUY 8 pe<p-

nexcauan HCKOHHUr() co seraxax -ib- (xopem, *ibd-) H CO'-leTaHHll -is- c nporeraxecKIIM I (xopeus *ibm-) : nOCJ1enHHlt He nORB)]~'1C5i rrOSJ1e n')HCTas"OK na cornacnyio

(*Vb z "i * -'" I S C s

" Z-, So>!-, cp. ewe CbHMCT ce 6. 1509r., '1W) - EYJ1aTOBa CTfA 170),

HO cp, npl1MepbJ c npacrasxav« na rJ13CHYIO (*rri- *P()-. "ot s->,

24 .

8 .. / 122 .. / '76 / ,.. /

207a, 20 - nplliMelllli a, nplliMellIH ; Bb3Mel1IH 155a; WHMeTb 13a,

19, m~MeTbce 367,431, np'u(MeTb 25a2, 122, 129, 132a2, 172, 196,211a2, 218a, 223aj &-&3M"'r 511; . np'iaMeMb 111, 120a, 216a, npHMDMb 514, npIDH:MDT<; . O~ 121a2' 123a, ITiUMlhce 277a, np1'>ifMOY. 246,262a (cp. raxxce: Bb3MtTb 132, 207a, 224a, Bb3MeTe 16a, 400a, 448a, Bb3M~ITITe 271; C'bHMeTsCe 389 co crrYllaHHo He- 3a<pHKcHpoBaHHbIMH cooTBeTcTBywWHMH <popMaMl{ 1 sg. nraes.).

- 6: Cp.: no)!(p~wlf 103a, rro)!(phtm 104, nO)!(~Tb 464; rrpa:

nO')!(p~ 420, 420a, 467 - rrb)!(pelIlH 489, 489a, nb)!(peTb 486a, 489.

, ", ,

7. )!(H8 42 - nO)!(HI£UlH 405a, nO)!(HI£Tb 321, 405a, 413; npn: no)!(ll HIt-

Mb S14 (CM. Bynarona CTfA 169-171, 195 H 250-251).

TaKHM 06pa30M, <pOpMbI 1 sg. praes. C KOHe'IHbIM ynapenaev B C6. 1509r, He Moryr HenOCpe)lCTBeHHO YKa3bIBaTb aa nepaasnoe ynapeaae 3TOM CPOPMbI2 9. I1x ynapeane cxopee scero, KaK l{ aaanorasnoe ynapenae )lPYrHX <PO pM npeaenca, H3BJIelJeHO H3 aKueHTHOH napannrxrsr 6eCnpHCTaBO'IHbIX marOJIOB C KOPHHMl{ aa 1> l{ b, nOTepHBUlHMl{ CJIOrOBOCTb KOpHH. J1HlIJb )lITH. marOJIOB C KOpHRMH *jbm- H jbd-. 6ecnpHCTaBOllHble <pOPMbl KOTOPbIX He TepAAH CJIOrOBOCm KOpHH l{ nOKa3bIBaWT KaK B Ea-anp. N° 7364, TaK H B C6. 1509r, peryrrapaoe naxopeanoe yztapenae, xonesaoynapaue BapHaHTbI Tpe6ywT 60JIee CJIO)!(Horo 06bHcHeHHH. TaK KaK 3TH BapHaHTbI perYJIHpH~ COnpOBO)!()laWTCH Bapl!aHT~MH C Harrp~CTaBO'IHbIM YAapeHHeM (cp. np'UtM8, npi'H~Tb H non, - rrp'llfM"hMb 89, np'UtM~Tb 215a; npOH)leMb 451 ~ np0HneTb 37), TO MO)!(HO nysrars, 'ITO npouecc BTHrl1:BallliH npHCTaBO'IHbIX rnaronoa

C KOpHHMH *tbm- H *lbd- B rpynny C napsapoaaaaera HaKOHe'lHorO H aanpaCT3BO'lHOrO ynapenaa npOHCXO)lHJI HMeHHO '1epe3 BapHaHTbI C HanpHCTaB04- HbIM ynapenaev. B <popMax C npHCTaBKaM!f aa maCHbIU TaKHe BapHaHTbI Mor,rm nOHBHTbCH B peaynsrare BTOPH'lHOU peAYKUlIH xopnenoro crrora u-<" *lb- B n03H1.I,HH rrOCJIe rnacnoro rrpHCTaBKH. TaKHM 06P330M, MaTepH<UI C6. 1509r. He rpetiyer B )laHHOM rune rnaronon peKOHCTpYKlUm nnoro npeziurecrayrourero COCTOHHHH aKueHTOBKH, '1eM TO, xoropoe OTpa)!(eHO B EB.-

anp. N° 7364. . .

Haxopenaoe l{ HarrpHCT3BO'IRoe ynapeuae <pOPMbI 1 sg. praes. nepBH'IHOU a.n b )laHHOH rpynrrsr marOJIOB, nO-BH)ll{MOMY, He YKa3bIBaeT na 3HKJ1HHOMHIIHOCTb 3TOH: <pOPMbI, cp. OTCYTCTBHe neperaxxa Y;J,apeHHH Ha OTPHll,aHHC

11 npHCTaBKY B <popMax C coxpaaeaaexr CJIOrOBocru KOPHH: Ea-anp. N° 7364- HeffMOY 9a, 99a, 1606, Her{Moy 26, 3126, He ~IMOY 212a; He ff)loy 2756, nplifnoy 1696; C6. 1509r.- np'i&Ml5' 31, 83, 107, 424a, t:)i(Mb' 130; npfftnb' 481a, ce CbHH)l1s' 7a, 481a, H3~)l~ Sa, 85, 207a, 209a, Bb36ILI~ 202a, wlb.ls' 424a, rroRn8 168 (CM. Bynarona CTfA 170, 250). XOT.H ,Ul1H <pOPM

I I '<1'<1 -

rana nOCJlIO, 8b3MOY, 3aIlHO, uauuo TaKHX npHMblx YKa3aHHH HeT, O)lHaKO

paCcMoTpeHHe ax B xasecrse HenocpeAcTBeHHOr? peaynsrara pa~npocTpaHe:

HHs 3HKJIH3bI 1 sg. praes. H3 mar0J10B rnna pacnuoy ~ pacnnetce, nO)lOC'HOro TOMY, xaxoe Ha6mo)laeTCH B HeKoTopbIX npesnepyccxax naMHTHHKax (cp. ~TOlIJJIW Iloron. crt. I'eaa. 6H5J1. N° 84, 322 - C.rrblIJbne' ib., 32106,

'" .,

Pa3YMeeTcli, ero He OTHOCHTCR K lPopMaM MoriS 24a. 93, He ModS 426a H K co-

OTBeTCTBYIOWHM <popMaM i-fJ1arOJlOB, eM. asnue ,

25

330, CM. BaCWH,eB, c. 51), MaJIOBepoHTHo. B03HHKHOBeHHe aKueHTOBKH 3THX <pOPM, B03MO)I(H0, CBH3aHO C TeM lI<e mmeHHeM, xoropoe npennorrccseao nsiure )J,J1H j-praesentia H z-rrrarorros a.n. b, HJlH lI<e MhI HMeeM npocro BbIpaBHHBaHHe Y)J,apeHHH rro aaanoraa C <popMaMH ae-l sg. praes. B nanpanneHHH K YCTaHoBneHHIO naparrnenaaxra C xorronaoii aKueHTOBKoH na OKOHqaHHH 6eCrrpHCTaBO~bIX <p0pM.

TaKHM 06pa30M, B H3yqeHHbIX )J,peBHHX lO)l(HocnaBHHcKHX TeKCTax, aa HCKJIIO'IeHHeM pana YKa3aHHbIx asrure penaxronsrx <pOPM, xapaxrepnaa )J,J1H a.rr. b aKueHTHaH KpHBaH C KOHe~bIM Y)J,apeHHeM <pOPM 1 sg. praes. He npocnelI<HBaeTCSl.

III. 1. Lrr a ron hi r p Y rr rr bI II H H X a K U e H T H bI e T H rr bI. CnoscHoe nonoxenae C aKUeHTHOH KPHBOH a.rr. b B IOlI<HOCnaBSlHCKOii Sl3blKOBOii ofinacrn H He06xo)J,HMOCTb onaparsca B ee peKOHCTpYKUHR B OCHPBHOM aa BOCTo~ocnaBSlHCKHe <paKTbI C03)J,aeT onpenenenxsre 3aTpY)J,HeHHH B YCTaHOBneHHH aKueHTHbIX KnaCCOB B HeKOTopbIX npenensnsrx cnysaax. CTPOro rOBOpa, B )J,peBHepYCCKOM BO II rpyrrrre npeaeacos MOll<HO 06HapYlI<HTbBCe :PH aKueHTHbIX rnna (axuearasre napanarxrsr a, b, c). Hamoure a.rr. b B nOH rpyrrrre rnaronos npermonaran, KaK H3BeCTHO, Xp. CTaHt30, O)J,HaKO npasoroIMbIii HM nepeseas npasrepon nora rana BKnlO'IaeT SlBHO aropavnsre <popMbI: nponuor, nponser», AKueHTOBKa PaTH. orpaxaer CHcTeMY, B xoropoii cosnanenae 6eCrrpHCTaBO~b1X <PO pM rnaronon nepnasasrx rrO)J,BHlI<HOii H aenonsaxaoa aKUeHTHbIX rrapanarsr B e)J,HHOM KOHe~oy)J,apHOM rane npaneno K pacnpocrpaneamo HarrpHCTaBO'IHOrO Y)J,apeRHSl B rrpHCTaBO'IHbIX rnaronax noii rpyrmsr. Taxoe paasarae nperepnena KaK rnaronsr C pe)J,YUHpOBaHHblMH b, 1> (CM. I xacrs HaCT. pa60TbI), TaK H rnaronst C peUYUHpoBaHHbIM j

(B rr03HUHH nepen j ), KOTOPbIii nan B npesnepyccxov. B neiicraarensnocra a.rr. b MOll<HO YCMaTpHBaTb J1HIIIb B rrpHCTaBO~bIX <popMax npesenca OT rnarona *biti. B 4yu., coxpaaasurexr naafonee crapoe COCTOSlHHe, MbI naXOlUiM: na rrpe6bID 513, i oy6bl"iO 211, i Oy6bID DOl 132 (rrpa COOTBe,TCT-

~ ''f\ 1 • ." 2 4 • "'11< 13)

BY10lUeM rnarone nepaasaoa a.rr. c: oyrneors 42 ,HcrrbeTa 1', icnsje . 1 .

<l>opMa 1 sg. praes. B 4y)J,. OTCYTcTByeT, 'HO B 60nee rr03)J,HeM TeKCTe ITc.

N° 62 OHa npencrasnena: oy6iib 1636, OTHeceHHOCTb nocnennea K aanpaCTaBO~OMY Y)J,apeHHIO npyrax nan npesenca nonrsepacraerca coxpanenaesr raxoro yuaE_eHHH y COOTBeTCTBYIOI1UiX rrraronos B naanexre nora rraxorrHHKa: rrbRn;890a 166a (npa rrp'eH)J,~ ISla), rrblIIJ1e 156a, rroll<p~ 35a, n.a

, , , 2

B63MeTch. 167a, cp. raroxe 0ycH8 106 (npa : He oycaesri, 4y)J,. 115 ),. 3)J,ecb

3TOT ran ynapeaas naxce HeCKonbKO pacurapnn CBOIO ofinacrs , cp.: COl sse-

, ~ ~

ura 110a, na He npocrpd 1406, XOTSl H He BbITeCHHn nornrocrsto a.rr. c: H

OYrr'i~TcA 36a (npa: rrub 596). Boccraaoaneaae aKuCHTHoii KPHBOH a.rr b y aroro marona B BOCTo~ocnaBHHCKOM Morno 6bI 6bITb nonnepxaao ero aKueHTOBKOH: B YKPaHHCKOM: e ioi6 '0, aid{6'eUi; nioi6'0, nio{6'eUi; 3i6',o, 316'eUi, npa 3iJZ1l0, 3iA..fZeW; eioLrzlllo, eiiJLrzllew; nioillll,o, nioinnetu; p03 LrzIllO ,

p03z/lIleW; 3ie'm, 3ie'lUi; p03iB 'o, posie'etu; eioin 'o, eiOi~ 'lUi; posin' o, posin etu. U)J,HaKo, XOTH YKpaHHCKHe )J,aHHbIe, KaK rrOKa3bIBalOT aaeunrae

C paBHeHHSl H MaTepHanbI 4y)]'., )]'OCTaTO'IHO Hagell<HhI )J,J1H pasneneaaa )J,ByX aKueHTHbIX ranos B 3T0H: nefonsuroa rpyrrrre xopaeii, OHH BPM na crrylI<aT Hagell<Hoii orropoii )J,J1H peKOHCTpYKUIDI nepaa-moro BH)],a axuearaoa

.; 0 eM.: Slang Chr. Slavonic accentuation. Oslo, 1957, p. 122. Cl1IiCKU npHMcpoB eM. ua c. 115.

1<pHBoii npeaenrasrx <pOPM sroro rrrarona. TaKHe <paKTbI H3 upeBHepYCCKHX reKCTOB, KaK lH06i1O (Ilan, XVI B., 93) npa: rr06YIbTb (it, 70), oY6'.MTCA (ib., 13206) (CM. Bacnnsea 51), cpo uall<e ClTOIIIbJllO (Iloron, en. [eHH. 6H6n. XVI B. 322), npa: WroIIIbn~ (ib., 32106, 330) (CM. BaCHJ1bCB 51), CBHueTenbCTBYIOT 06 HHTeHCHBHOCTH npoueccos BbIpaBHHBaHHH, KOTOPbIM Ilo)J,BepranaCb BCSl 3Ta rpyrrrra rnaronOB, 'ITO uenaeT KpaiiHe HeHauell<HbIM CJ1HIIIKOM 6onbilloe ynpeanenae npoueccos , npasemuax K axueanroa KpHBoii a.rr. b B paccraarpaaaeraosr rnarone. TaK KaK npn 3TOM see ocransasre HCTO'IHHKH )J,J1H peKOHcTpYKUHH pacnpenenenaa rrraronsnsrx aKueHTHbIX ranon He )J,alOT OCHOBaHHR )J,J1H nsrnerrenaa naanoro rnarona B ocofiyio rpyrrrry, r.e, OT)J,eneHHSl era OT npyrax rrraronon C i,Y, peUYUHpOBaHHbIMH

B nosanaa nepen -j-, MbI BbIHY)f()J,eHbI C'lHTaTb nponeccsr, auasasurae cneWI<PHKY nora marana, BOCTO'lHOCnaBHHCKOii HHHOBaUHeii H paCCMaTpHBaTb ero B PMY uPYrHX rnaronos :nOll rpynnsr HerrOUBHlI<HOrO aKUeHTHOrO TRrta, r.e. OTHOCHTb ero K a.rr. a3 I .

TaKHM 06pa30M, KaK H B rpynne I, B rpyrme II npeseacon peKOHCTPYHPyeTcH )J,Ba aKUeHTHblX rnrra. Ho nepnsra H3 HHX nsrcrynan B nane HeIlO)J,BHlI<HOH: aKUeHTHOH: napa)J,HrMbI a, C nOCTOHHHhIM aKYTOBhIM ynapennera Ha xopne, nropoii - B BH)J,e rrOUBHlI<HO-MaprnHanbHoii aKUeHTHOii napamrrMbl C.

AKueHTHaH KpHBaH a.rr. a BOCCTaHaBnHBaeTCH aa OCHOBaHHH cnenyiolURX cOOTBeTCTBHR:

1. IIp.-pycCK.! He 8MillO TA (?, 4yu. 483), OYMhllO (ITc. N° 62, 246) ~

OYM{y~ (4y)J,. 483), 01 Mhleurn: MA (ITc. N° 62, 54a); np-cepocx. (EB.anp. N° 7364) He OYMhllO 265a~ oYMhleurn: 2696, OM@f.€urn: 265a, OYM01OTb 1336.

2. Ilp-pyccx. rroKphllOcA (ITc. N° 62, 636) ~ noxpsieura (ib., 296),

wKpili€ (4y)J,. 1291), wi Kp/tIOIr (ib., 271); cp.-6onr. (BOCT.) H rroKpta:

, , ) 6

rA\. (Sorp. c6. N° 103, 334) ~ ~KpaleTcA (ITc. Kznp. 166 ; cp. cp.- OJIf.

/ ,~

(aan.) na He csxpsreunr (He. CHp. 31a), C'bKPbIX (ib., 63a); CT.~MaKeu.

, ... I

(?) wKpbIeTce (0 rrHCbM. 53a), np-cepti. (Ee-anp. N° 7364) He WKpHeT-

ce 676.

3. Ilp-pyccx. He 3Haw (4yu. 261), 3H~1 10 (ib., 464), Ii 3Hlf1O (ib., 464),

26

11

3Ta cHTyaUHH Morna 6bI H3MeHHTbCH, ecna 6bI ynanocs noxasars, 'ITO rnaronsr T~-

na Ci 1-1'. B nenCTBHTenbHOCTH HBHnHCb peayrn.rarosr COBnaneHHH nay x THnOB: C ;:-]-/\ H CI>j-l'., uanpasie p: bii2 < *bbi-9,pii2 < *pbi-~,a *lii2 < *li-i-2,gniitt < *gni-i-S H nOA. OAHaKO xopsarcxae ('IilKaBCKHe H KanKaBCKHe) AaHHbIC, xoropsre MornH

fibI nOAAeplKllTb TaKYIO rHllOTe3Y, He nnonne OAH03HatJHbI H cnHIIIKOM HeHaAelKHbI AnH roro, lffo6bI 6bITb OCHOBaHHeM AnH crorn, nanexo H,D,yI.I..\Hx BbIBOnOB. Cnenyer

OTMeTHTb, 'ITO npHHHTHe mroro pelIIeHHH He pa3PYIIIHT naurea KnaccmtmKallHH

H BbITe}(aIOIlIH.X H) aKueHTHbIX COOTHOIIICHHn B Hen BbIBOAOB: npH lKerraHH.H. C'lHTaTbCH C a.n. b B npesence rnarona *biti H C KpaTKOCTHMH B rnaronax *liti, "piti B 4<1- l<aBC}(HX, }(anKaBCKHX H HeKOTopbIX cnOBeHCKHX AHaneKTax, npeacncsr 3THX rnaronOB npHn,eTCH paccraarpaaars KaK HMeIOIUfle KOpHH na -bi- U ne penecra HX B rpyrmy lA C COoTBeTcTBYIOIUHM H3MeHeHHeM xa pax re pacrnxn nOH rpynnst.

27

3Hlli€re , }ib., 491) 32; ~p.-Cep6CK. (EB.-arrp. N° 736~) H 3H~lO

318a, He 3HalO 2406, 269a, bIS, 2816 ~ Me anaeum 56, saaers 3166, bis 3Ha'erb ere, (?) 2726, He ,rr03Haera (3 du) 1376, 3086; cp. cp.-6om. (3a~.) 3Hllen (He. CMp. 99a). 3Ha~r~ (ib., 626), cr-jaaxen. (?) 3HaeMb (0 IIHCbM. 16a)

4. Cp.-60m. (san.) ~' no'll). (Hc. CHp. lIla) ,~ rro.rnerb (ib., 1006); cp. CT.-MaKen. (?) nosaers (0 nHCbM. 636), rrouiers (ib., 716) 3 3, np.cepficx. (Es-anp. N° 7364) nO~I-€Tb 168a.

n ¥ 1 '

5. p.-PYCCK. CMDW (qyn. qo ), cr.-MaKen. (?) He _fM"tlO (0 rrHCbM.

64a) ~ cp. cp.-6onr. (san.) 9MteTb (He. CHp. 94a), cMtI Arb {ib., 94a).

16. Cp.-6om. (BOCr.) ~a3c1J1 A (Ilc, Knnp. 1356) ..... cp. cp-fionr. ,(3arr.) cterb (He. CHp., 279), Ii c"bercA (ib., 22a) ,cp. cr-waxen. (?) c"teTce

(0 rrHCbM., 356), c"blOTce qb., 44a), np.cepficic. (Ea-anp. N° 7364), c~erce 122a (aanacanae: na cteTb 78a, B03MO)I(HO, CBH3aHO C naxanureiica KOHrpaxnaeji rnacnsrx).

7. np.-PYCCK. KawcA (Hyrt., 363), He pacdwcA (ib., 1184) ~ He noK&l-€lllliCA (ib., 1493) rrodi€E (ib., 363), na rroK1H~cA (ib., 1501), He nOKaeTr (ib., 344), rroKawfr (ib., 363); np-cepocx. (Es.-anp. N°7364) KalO ce 216a ~ na noicaiorce 1296.

HHroHaUHoHHbIH xapaxrep ynapeaas B 3TOM aKIl,eHTHOM rune YCTaHaBnHBaeTCH aa OCHOBaHHH KpaTl<OCTHOro ynapeana B 'laKaBCKO-KaKKaBCKOM rmanexre xvn B. (TeKcTbI 10. Kpaxaaasa), aanmoureroca perynapnsnr

,h 34 .

perpnexcor-r aKYTa , H HHCxOnHIllerO nonroro ynapeaaa ("HOBoro UHpKyM

¢neKca") B ceBepHO'laKaBCKOM H B naanexrax KaHKaBCKo-cnOBeHCKOH H3blKOBOH 06nacTH, paccraarpaaaesroro KaK pesyrrsrar "nepepoacneaaa" aKYTa B rro3HIl,HH nepen nasmea nomOTOH cnenyiourero cnora. B naHHOM cnysae Heo6xonHMO' npennonarars nepaoaaxansno nOJIfOTHbIK xapaxrep reMarn'leCKOrO rnacaoro, B03BonH era K nOCTarO'IHO pauaewy BpeMeHH (ysarsrsaa 3arraLUIOCnaBmICKHe naHHbIe35, yace K rrpaCJIaBHHCKOMY nepaona pacrraneHHH)36.

1. qaK.-KaHK. XVII se ~ ceB.-KaHK. mliem 2. qaK.-KaHK. XVII BeH. krljem.

3. Cee.-sax. (HOBH) znGju (3 pl.) ~ KaHK. (Bansaeu) zndiem - cnoBeH. znGjr,; (3 pI.)

4. qaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KPH)I(aHH'l) fIo~JeM ~. cnonea, polljem.

5. qaK.-KajfK. XVII B. (KPH)I(aHH'l) He CMHJ~T (3 pl.) ._ cea-xax. (HOE H) sm7jil (3 pl.) - ceB.-KaHK. (EeLUIH) *smlejam ~ CJIOBeH. sm~jem. 6. qaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpM)I(aHH'l) CHJeM ~ ces.-uax. {HoB H) slj~n ceB.-KaHK. (Ilpnropse) *sejem - cnosen. sNem.

7. qaK-I<,aHK. XVII B. (KP!1:)f(aHH'l) Ka]eMCe ~ cee-uax. (HoBH) ka/en.

8. qaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'l) EHjeM ~ cea-xa«. (HoBM) zabije (3 sg.) ~ ceB.-KaKK. (Ilparo pse] *bljem ~ CJ10BeH. b'ljem.

H r.n.

B. (KpH)I(aHH'l) M~JeM - cea-sax. (HOBH) umliem - cnoBeH. mljem.

B. (KPI1!KaHH'l) KpHJeM ~ ceB.-KaHK. skrljem ~ CJ1O-

AKueHTHaH KpHBaH a.rr. C BOCCTaHaBJlHBaerCH na OCHOBaHIDf crrenyiouorx cooTBeTcTBHH:

1. np.-pYCCK.~BOY (qyn. 1224, bis), ~B~ (ib., 492), )!(&BY (ib ..

444) - )l(HBeurn (ib., 1223), )!(HI Bere (ib., 622), cp. C nepenocoxr ynapeHHH ua 3HKJiHTIiKY no 3aKO~y Bacanseaa - Ilortofixo: )!(llBOY )!(e (qyn. 1224); c~.-6onr. (BOCr.) )l(HB,X (fIc. Knrrp. 1366) - )!(ll~ellJll (ib., 186), )l(HBXr'b (Ib., 57a); (san.) rrO)!(Hll.\l. (He, Cup. 108a), no] )!(HBX (ib., 108a), npa BTOPH~OM: rro~X. (ib., 1076) ~ )l(HBelllli (ib., 34a), )!(HBel urn (ib., 3~a) ~ )l(HBJitr'b (ib., .. 33~); cr.-MaK!n. (?) ~JB!{. (0 rrnCbM. 476) - )!(HBe'Ts 60 (lb., 55a), )l(HBeTe (ib.; 126), H rroxoraere (ib., 9a); np-cepfi, (Es-anp. N° 7364) ~BOY 27'26 - if O)!(HB6Tb 84a.

2. np.-pYCCK. rr610 (fIc. N° 62, 60a, 756, 153a, 154a, 1786), if rrolO (ib., l1a, 596, 121a), BbcllOiO (ib.,66, l1a, 62a, bis, 108a, 1136, 121a, 147a, 153a) , if B6crrolO (ib., 256), BbcrrolO 1'A (ib., 21a, 216) - Bocrroi6T'b (ib., 67a); aasansnoynapaaa ¢opMa 1 sg. praes. aeoruroxparuo orraexeaa B na-

, . '

~f[THHKaX; cp.fionr. (BOCr.) rro4\. (Ilc. Kanp, 1006) - H rrol.T'b (ib., 55a),

B'bCIIOiT'O (ib., 55a) ~ CT.-MaKen. (?) rrdlO (0 rrHCbM. 29a) - rrotTb (ib., ,706), noerce (ib., 71a), rroiMb (ib., 236, 636), He rroi6Tb (ib., 416); cp.

,

TaK)I(e cp.-6om. (san.) rro]tTl (He, CHP. 103a).

I I

3. Ilp.cepticx. (Ea-anp, N° 7364) IIHlO 2526, 253a, 266a ~ nners 27a,

mU~Te 180a, Hcrr'iJ(>Tb 127a; cp.: np.-pYCCK. rrbth~ (qyn. 1133), HH llber~ (ib., 443), oymmtt' (ib., 42'), Rcrrbera (ib., 214), icrrbU''' (ib., 113); cp.-

, I

6onr.,(Bocr.) rnrere (C6. N° 758, 175a), na He IIH.l.n (Hop. rrc. 131a 13),

HcrmAn (fIc. KHIIp.666); (san.) rrHeTb (Hc. CHp. 1006), na] h~ (ib., 4'311,), A~rmlTe (ib., lila); cr.·MaKen. (?) rrHIbTb (0 IIHCbM. 55a).

4. np.-pYCCK. rrpJ)JI'oo (Ilcarrr. 194a; CM. BaCHJIbeB 50; 3HKnHHOMH'lHCC!'h naHJioH cnosorpopxrsi nonrsepxnaerca orxpsrrsn-r 0 B JTOM rexcre C xaMOPHOH oprporparpneji) - OTHeceHHOCTh K a.rr c nonraepxnaercs 'laK.-KaMK, XVII B. (KPHJKaHH'l) J1nJ~M, ceB.-KaHK. (EenHH) *lefjam. cnonen. lqem, ~pL

Iii I ..

l}q. npeioa-cnoaea. lij~m.

5. np.·pYCCK. naw (qyn. 471, 491), n{lO UB~ 193, npenaro UB. 1346 (CM. 3ann3HHK Kocxr. 133) - naeTe (qy.n. 143, 234); np.cspti. (Es.-anp. N° 7364) /lalO 223a, 271a, 273a, bis, rrp-tnalO 288a - naere 1566. Bo scex

6onrapcl<llx CHCTeMax nor rrraron rre peuren B a.rr. a. ,

Mecro ynapeuaa B ¢opMax He-J sg. praes. a.rr. c B H3Y'laeMOH rpyn-

ne rnaronOB YCTaHaBl1llBaeTCH aa OCHOBaHHH perynspnoro COOTBCTCTBHH /lpeBHepycCl<oro, pana coapejaeaasrx BeJ1HKopYI:CKHX iUiarleKroB37 , YKpaHH~K?rO II 6enopyccKoro C xopaarcxasot /l,HaneKTaMH (cea-uax., 'laK.-Kai-!Ic ...~\ II B.) H cnOBeHCKHM H0pMaT!1:BHbIM, npennoxrarensno , B ero 60nee apxaH'lecKOH ¢opMe, 3a¢HKcHpoBaHHoH M.BaJlHBueM38, TOHaJlhHaH xapaxrepnc-

"B \ \ ,

cnyuaax: 3HaltTe (qYA.1484). 3Halt-€Te (ib., 1284),He 3ft:It€Te (ib .• 12l')-

3 3 cnenycr npcAI10J~araTh PHTMHlJeCKOe ynapeane.

Bap'1aHT l! nO'lHCTb ib., 22a ueacen.

H IIhoKaBcKHe nOKa3aHHH CBOliM HHCXOAlIIlI,HM KpaTKHM aKlleHTOM B 3TUM KJlaCCe C)lCBOq>OPM n.oATB~·i'KAaIOT peKOllCTpYKllHIO, HO II3-Ja KapAHHaJILHOrO rrepe pacrtpenenenaa aKueH1lILlX '''lmos MOryT liMeTb npa crporust cpaBHeHHH JlIflUb BCnOMOf'aTenLHoe 3Hal!.eHl!e (CM. lIK)K~, C. 38).

:5 Csr.: Stang Chr, Op. ct p. 117-118,

6 D H~nepBJl'.lJlnCTIi ::'TOti AonfoTbI'lJ1R fionee paanero rrepnona eM. I '!arn. HaCT()!lll{ell: pa60T!,[.

;--;-------

HoBen.ulMc naHHb!l 0 rnnax 3KueHTOBKH q>0pM rr pcacuca H on fiX pacnpenencuaa u :peBl!epYCCKHX naM;;TlUu:ax H no ,'UlanCKTaM CM. '3aJJIi3HRK !CO!'M., C. 132-133 H

; ~ BP, H B YKa3aHI:oll: TaM nnreparypc .

<I>~CTO'll106on.r~,pc~;w AHaJlCKTbl YlKe co cpcJ])Ie60JlrapCKOro ,,~pIi0ll.a noxansiaamr B pMe 2p!. ",des. )'Il.apeHW Hil TC'''8TIil!.eCKOM rJlaCHOM, 41," c.unye:r. TIO'BH1HMOMY,

28

TJfKa YAapeHHH B Ka>KAOH H3 paccraarpnnaexrsrx CPOPM orpasceaa B xopsarCKHX AHaJIeKraX H B CnOBeHCKOM HOpMarHBHOM H nonraepacnaerca Mare-

• paanasra no npyraxr rrraronsusnr xnaccasr B nocascxosr AHarreKre. JlJUI oueaxa peneaanrao cra arnx rrOKa3aHHH orHOCHTenbHO CPOPMbI 3 pl. praes. AJ1H npacnasaacxoa peKoHcrpYKUHH Moryr 6bITb npxsneveasr aananaocnaBHHCKHe cpaKrbI, xoropsre, OAHaKO, nenssa csarars anorme OAH03Ha'IHbIMH.

Xapaxrep H 06beM 3acpHKcHpoBaHHbIx IO)J(HOCnaBHHCKHX cpaKroB no paccMarpHBaeMoH rpyrrrre rnaronOB HHorAa rrpeAcraBnHerCH He BrronHe ro'IHo, nosrowy ecrs CMbIcn npaaecrn HX 3ueCb.

I. CeBCpHOlJ:aKaBCKHH AHaJIeKT (HoBH) 2 sg. praes.;pfje~, pije~; zM,s; kuj~~; smlje§ (se); diijk'f.

3 sg. praes: zavi/e'; pap'ije, Ilapije; lfvt Mlje; diije.

1 pI. praes.: zfveml3; kiijemo, kujemb; sniijem'O; smijemo, smiiemi) (se); ddiemo, d4jem(J.

2 pI. praes.: ifvet~.

3 pI. praes.: livu; ki1jti; smTju (se); dii/u.

II. qaKaBcKo-KaHKaBcKHH nnanexr XVII B. (10. KpH)J(aHHlJ:)

2 sg. praes.: JlDJ~llI (Tp. 1522), ce ... HaA1JJ~llI (BbIII.IIl,SO);ce cMHJern (Tp. 1752); cp. raxzce nonofiayro axuenroaxy B npeseace resrarusecxax rnaronon a.n. c or npyrax rHnOB KopHeH: 6neuern (Bsm. III, 14); opll)J(ern (fp. 882), Beneur (fp. 74), aosenr (Bun. III, 14), pexeur (fp. 77), cnaceur (fp. 1822).

3 sg. praes.: izlijet (Ilon. 183), na ce HeH3nHJ~r (BbIII. III, 68), 06- nllJer (BblII. III, 51); He cnajer (BbIII. Ill, 68); i neizwijetse (Ilon. 245); pijet (Ilon. 73), se go pijet (Ilon. 115); rwet (Ilon. 278); crroB~T (BblII. I, 32, 68), slowet (Ilon. 85, 236), slowh (Ilon, 136), i slow~t (Ilon. 163); )J(HB~r (Tp. 1632), )J(H.Ber (BbIII. Ill, 14), Ziwh (Ilon. 176), npe)J(TIB~r (BblII. III, 4); JlDjh (fp. 1522), deiet (TIon. 13),

deie"t (TIon. 167), se djeiet (TIon. 15), se deiet (TIon. 53, 101, 117, 249), se deje t (Ilon, 12), scdeie t (Ilon. 241), se ... deiet (Ilorr. 69, 78, 229, 242), se ... dei~t (TIon. 13), deietse (TIon. 256), se nedeiet ~TIon. 104) ,

se ... nedeiet (Ilon. 217,280), HeAOj{Tce (BbIII. 1II, 10); se nadeiet (Ilon. 83, 185) , se nenadeiet (TIon. 83,168); o,:iJer (BbJII. III, 27,49,69,74), U3jer (BbIII.

III, 29, fp. 1632), daet (llon. 74, 163, 178, 202, 254), nedaet (TIon.37, 278), ce AaJer (BbIII. III, 58), se daet (non. 206), sedaet (non. 74), daltse (Ilon. 219); 3aBAajeT (I'p. 1321); 3AaJerce (BblII. 1, 36); rrpeAajer (BbIII. III, 74); pridaet (Ilon. 97); rrpoAaJ~r (Tp. 1811), se ... prodaet (Ilon. 269); i razdaet (Ilort. 76), se ... razdaet (Ilon. 240); ~AaJlr

OUCHHBaTb KaK pe aynsrar aocro-moeonrapcxon peTpaKUHH axueara. CKYJJ:Hble JJ:3Hnsre H3 aanarmotoruapcxoro TeKCTa He. CHp. 06HapY)I(}IBalOr nOJJ:06Hoe )f(e nonoxe-

rh ' I I~.JL I

HHe, HO nuun, B,npHCTaBO'lllbIX qiopsrax: HcnHCTC 1156, cb6nlOJJ:cTe 122a, lI)f(CHeTC

1156, HO: rnr] eTC 43a. IUroKaBcKHe H nocaacxue namu,re HenocpeJJ:CTBeHHO He MOrYT 6blTb ucnonsaoaama B UCJlJlX peKOHCTpYKUHH BBHJJ:Y parnncansaoro ne pe pacrrpeJJ:cneHHJI axuenrnsi x rartou B 3THX UHa.nCKTax, npHBCJJ:lIIel'O K novnr nOJIHOMY asrrCCHeHHlO pe<jJneKCOB nOUBH)f(HOI'O aKUeHTHorO rnrta B paccsear pasaewoa rpyrtne ocHUB (B lO)I(}IblX ,llITOKaBCKHX nnancx rax nepBH'IIIOe pacnpeneneuae COXpaHHnOCb, noBHJJ:lIMOMY, B 60nblIldl cTenCHH, HO aKHCHTHaJl KpHBaJl npnotipcna KonOHHbIJ;t xapaxrep) .

30

, (rp. 21' i. udaet (lIon. 264); C zai 'Be (lIon. 7); se ... neat mit (lInn. 176); nexajer (fp. 1732), ne chalet fTIon. 104). B xaxecrae sapaanros

. BCTpelJ:eHbI: He3Hajer (Bsm, Ill, 65, 46. Sic! , CM. Illaxr-taroa P<DB, T. XXXII,

c. 258), znaet (TIon. 126); ostaet (Ilon. 182, 189), neostaet (TIon. 278) ; postaet (TIon. 71, 173), i nepostaet (TIon. 182).

1 pI. praes.: se opijern (non. 155); re rroJeM (Tp. 1841); ziwem (TIon. 72); HaAH]eMCe (fp. 1891), "nadeiemse (Ilon. 201, aarresarano: nadaiemse} ; daiem (TIon, 103, 117), daem (TIoni 206, bis); cp, ~ APY; rHX rpyrrrrax resrarasecxax rnaronos a.rr. c: zowem (Ilon, 120); iemlyern (Ilon. 10), prijemlyem (Ilon. 130); npH)J(eM (Tp, 882) _ B xasecrae xopaarcxoro sapnaara 10. Kl'.:)!(aHHlJ: yxaasrsaer raxsce <pop My aa -mo: OPH)f(eM6 (fp. 882), Beneuo (fp. 74), )J(reMo (fp. 882). Pacrrpenenenae OKOHlJ:aHHH -m H -mo B naanexre 10. KpH)J(aHHlJ:a ocraercs HeHCHbIM.

2 pI. praes.: 3Ha]ere (BbIII. III, 21), znaete (TIon. 201), znaete (TIon. 216). TIpHMepoB JIOR <pOPMbI or npyrnx rnaronos H3YQaeMOH rpynnu B oficnenonaansrx rexcrax 10. KpH)J(aHHlJ:a He orereseno. Onnaxo perynspnoe KOHelJ:HOe ynapeune 2 pl. praes. or ncex KnaCCOB rnarorron a.n, c nonrsep)f(AaerCH coornercrayioumera <p0pMaMH: Bepere (Tp., 1881), rrpllJeMnbere (BbIII, III, 17), »crere (fp. 882), 6pl1)J(ere (rp. 882), nenere (Tp. 74),

<Kecere (fp. 1881), i recze te (TIon. 126); i-maronbI: MHbHn~ (BblII. III, .'17), MHHr~ (BbIII. III, 18), rnnite (TIon_ 269); zrite (lIon. 216); 60jHre 60 ce (BbIII. III, 17); kricz'ite (BbIII. I, 10); ce cKop6H.re (Bsm, III, 17); 'IHHiir~ (BbIII. III, 17), lJ:HHH.re (BbIII. III, 17), czinitc (TIon. 164),

uczinite (Ilon. 169); rsopflre (BbIII. III, 17); cp. raxxce <P0PMY 3 duo praes.: gowori ta (Ilon. 225).

3 pI. praes.: pijiit (Ilon. 193, bis}, nepijilt (Ilorr. 155), se_;;.opijut (TIon. 195), propijiit (lIon, 193); cnoByr (Bun. I, 69), cnoabr (fp. 175, 1872), slowilt (TIon. 74, 103, 157, 206, 247, bis, 268, 269); preplowilt (Ilon, 65); )J(HByr (BbIII. III, 52); iiwut (Ilon. 8,17,19, 28,54, bis, 57, 58, 73, 74, 91,108,109,110, bis, 118,119,154, bis, 165, bis, 189, 241, 250, 257), neziwflt (Ilon. 12), i Ziwnt (TIon. 57); kuifit (non. 215, bis), i kuiiit (Ilon. 53), ne kuiGt (Ilon, 238), sekUiut (Ilon. 214), dase kuiiit (Ilon; 214, bis), pr ikuiflt (Ilon, 44);

se ... smeiiit (Ilon. 230); se deiiit (Ilon. 49); daiiit (Ilon. 17, 53, 74, his, 108, bis, 152, 156, 161, 178, 188, 214, 235, 236, 262), i daiiit (non, 118), ne daiiit (TIon. 27, 229), se daiiit (TIon. 74, 210), B03- AaJ~T (T'p. 1731), zadaiilt (Ilon. 108), izdaiilt (Ilon. 161), i ne izdaiiit (non, 238), oddaiilt (TIon. 240), neotdaiilt (Ilon. 220), podaiiit (TIon. 165, 251), i podaiilt (Ilon. 166), rrpeuaIOr (BbIII. III, 61), predaiiit

(non. 188), HerrpeAaIOr (Bsm .... II_!, 47), prodaiiit (Ilon. 1,..5, 24, 25, 28, I30, bis, 157, ~29), 11 rrpoAalOrc~ (Bun. I~, 5 I), nponaior )J(e ~! (Bsm. Ill, 51), razdaiut (TIon. 74, bis; 76), ynajyr (BbIII. I, 47), udaiiit (TIon. 6), i udaifit (TIon. 112); lJ:aJyr .(BbIII. I, 42), czaiiit (TIon. 7, 67); nechaiut (TIon. 4, 181, 282), i nechaiilt (Ilon. 157), zanechaiiit

(non. 174).

III. CnOBeHCKI1H H3bIK

B OCHOBY nainroro ormcaaas nonoxeao 33<pHKcHpoBaHHoe M_ Banaauexr, . JIO-BHMMOMY, casrce apXaHlJ:CCKOe cocroaaae KpaHHcKoH aKueHTOBKH HHrepeCYlOlllei1 Hac rpyrmst rrpe3CHTHbIX CPOpM (eM. Rad 63, 65, 67). tDop-

'II

MbI C rrCpBll'lHbIM )J,JUI :noii: CI1CTCMbI COCTOHHI1CM axuenra rrpl1BOnHTCH B HOTaUI111 M. BaJIHBua (q,OpMbl, ncrrOCpenCTBCHHO rrpl1BOnl1MbIe 11M B TeKCTC, B rrapanarssax I1nl1 KaK I1HTeprrpeTaUI1H UllTI1pyeMblx ll3 craponevarnsrx KHl1r q,OPM, rrpl1BOnHTCH 06bIlJHbIM cnOC060M, q,OpMbI, rrOpO)!():\aCMbIC B TOlJHOM COOTBeTCTBl111 ero OnI1CaHI1IO, nalOTCH non 3Be3nOlJKOH). <1>OpMbl C OTTHHyTblM ynapCHl1eM B sg. 11 q,OPMbI pl. 11 du., nepccrpoenmae rro q,opMaM sg. C OTTHHYTbIM na «opens ynapeanexi, HBnHIOIlJ,I1eCH B HaCTOHIlJ,ee BpCMH Hnl1 eD,I1HCTBeHHbIMI1 HOpMaTI1BHbIMll mlll HopMaTI1BHbIMll aapaauTaMl1 nalOTCH B HOTaUl1l1 M. ITrreTepllIHHKa. CIOD,a He nxrnoueua rpyrrna t!lOP~, D,J1H KOTOPblX M. BaJISlBeu OTMelJaeT ucxmo-nrrern.ao "otegnuti nag-

las" ua xopne. OHa 6ynCT pa306paHa Hl1)1(e. \I

2 sg. praes.: C coxpaneuaext craporo MeCTa ynapeHlul - *Uj'e§, *gnije'§, *l'ij~,{, Plj'c\.{ (ropen. pjcn, pojc~, rvc§, *fjOVCS, *Zivef, daj~s, majes (c~; Rad 67, c. 71, 72, 77, 80; Rad 65, c. 14; Rad 63, c. 15, 36; me e B

HOTaUl1l1 Banasua = t Ilnerepunnnca}. , ,

C rtepenaanyrsir-r ynapermew - lfjeS, gnijes. vOd, pOes, p6jd, slovei, plo-

"cr, ztvcS, plfvcS, sm{jes se, dajd, majes (B crrysaax C KopHeBblM 0 BTO~, pl1lJHaH nepenaasoca ynapenas o6HapY)[(l1BaeTCH OTKPblTb!M xapaxrepoxr 0

Il HOraUl1HITrrerepllIHl1Ka,=o B HOTaUlll1 BaJIHBua).

3 sg. praes : C coxpanenaera craporo MCCTa yriapeinra - lij~ (rope~. blje = lbjc), gfzij~, vij~, pije (ropen, *pi»), poje, *rvc, *rjov~, *~iv», daje, maj~ (CM. Rad 67, c. 71, 72, 76,77,78; Rad 65, c. 14; Rad 63, c. 15, 36' » Banasua '" e Ilnerepumarca}.

c nepenaanyn.nr ynapenaesr - IOc, gflOC, vlje, p[jc, poie, sU)VC, plove, live, plfvc, smfjc se,daje, mdie (B cnysaax C KopHeBbIM 0 nop_!f'lHaH nepenaaxxa ynapeans 06HapY)[(l1BaeTCH OTKpbITbIM xapaxrepov 0 B HOTaUl1l1 Ilnerepurmnca.e o B HOTaUlll1 Banasua}.

1 pl. praes.: C coxpaueaaew ynapCHI1H OTTHHYToro C KOHe'lHOrO cno~a OKOHlJaHl1H na TCMaTHlJeCKHH rnacHbIH - *lijtmo, *gnijemo, *vijemo, pijemo,

\ \ \ \ \ * I .1 .\ ( R d

i.oiemo. *rvcmo, +riavcmo, *til'enlO, plevemo, aatemo, matemo CM. a

07, c. 71, 78; Rad 65, c. 14; Rad 63, c. 15, 36, 43; BTOPHlJHOCTh nepeLml1)1(KH ynap,CHl1H na TCMaTHlJeCKI1H 1~J1aCHbIH 06HapY)[(l1BaeTCH OTKpbIThlM xapaxreposr e B HOTaUHI1 Banaaua,» e B HOTaUl1l1 Ilnerepununca).

C BbIpaBHl1BaHl1eM YD,apCHl1H no nByCJlO)[(HbIM q,opMaM C OTTHHY,ThIM yziapeaaera - lljemo, gMjemo, vljemo, pijemo, p()jemo, slovcmo, plovemo.' ttvcmo, plfvcmo, sm2jemo se, ddjemo, majcmo (0 B HOTaUl1l1 Ilnerepunra-

\ .' v

xa, '" 0 B HOTaUl1l1 DaJIHBua,. yxaasraaer na BTOPl1lJHbll1 xapaxrep aaxopen-

aero ynapennn}.

2 pl. praes.: C coxpaaenaer-r ynapeaas, orranyroro C KOHelJHOrO crrora OKOH'laHHH na TeMaTl1lJeCKl1H fJIaCHblH - *lij~fe, *gnij~te, *lJi/efc, pij~fe, ')ojc/c, "rvcte, *rjoJ!ctc. *'tiv(>/c, *plcv'ctc, daiete, majete (CM. Rad 67, c.71, 72,78,80; Rad 65, c. 14; Rad 63. c. 15,36,43; BTOPl1lJHOCTb OTTH)[(KH jD,apCHI1H na TCM3Tlf'leChhH rnacnsnr 06HapY)[(l1BaeTCH OTKpbITbIM xapaxre POM e B noramm BaJIflBU:.l, co C B norauna Ilnerepuuunca}.

C BblpaBHl1BaHI1C;')1 yi~apelmH no ,lJ,Bycno)l(HbIM rpopMaM C OTTHHYTbIM

,. , _, ,. ,. e , I ' I_' t ~ 'v t

Ylla\-,H?lIl1eM - liietc. XnUCtl', vuete, PI/CtC, pojete. s ovete, p ove e, I Ice,

plb-etc, smlj<!{e se, d1/Cf(', majcrc (0 B HOTaUllH ITrreTCpllIHl1Ka, = 0 B HOTa~.nm BaJI;'B1~a, yxaaunaer aa B TOPl1lJHblH xapaxrep naicopeunoro ynape- 1;I1H) .

32

,

!iw 3 pl. praes.: nepsasnsre q,OPMhI - lijo, gnija, viM, pija. poio, *rvr5,

..,~itovo, *tiv6, *plcv6, smejO se, dajO, maid (CM. Rad 67, c. 71, 72, 74, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81; Rad 63, c. 15, 43; Rad 65, c. 14; a B HOTaUlll1 BaJIHB-

ua. '" rj IIrrCTepllIHI1Ka) .

Bropaxnsre q,OPMbI C ynapeunev na TeMaTl1lJCCKOM rnacnoxr lij~jo, *gnij~jo, *vijejo, pijejo, pojeto, *rvejo, rjovejo, *!ivcjo, "plevejo, daieio, maj~jo ·(CM. Ra,d 67, c. 71, 72, 73, 76',78, 81; Rad 63, c. 15, 36, 43; Rad 65,

c. 14; e B HOTaUlll1 Banasua, = e Ilrrerepumaxa.o ncpsrrsnr xapaxrepor-r cBH,IJ,eTerrbcTByeT 0 HenepBOHalJaJIhHOCTH ynapenna aa naHHOM TeMamlJeCKOM rnaCHOM, cxopee scero ynapenne H TeM6p rnacnoro nocrpoensr no q,opMaM c OTnmYTblM na TeMaTI1lJeCKl1H frraCHblH ynapeanexr - 1-2 pl. praes. 11

duo praes.).

Bropauaste q,OPMbl C BblpaBHl1BaHl1eM ynapenaa no llBycrro)l(HblM q,opMaM C OTTHHYTblM ynapenaesr - l{jejo, gfz{jejo, v {jejo , plieio, p6jejo, slovejo, plOvejo, rjoveio, Hvejo, plrivejo, dajcjo, najejo (0 B HOTaUUH Ilnerepunraxa,

\ .

:=0 B HOTaUl1l1 Banasna, orxpsrrsnr xapaxreposr CBH)),eTerrbCTByeT 0 nenep-

BOHalJarrhHOCTH ynapeans aa xopne}.

1 duo p~acs.: q,OPMhl C coxpanenaeja ynapenas, OTTHHYToro C OKOH'IaHllH HII TeMamlJeCKHH rnacnsra - *lijeva, *gnij~va, *vijcva, *pijeva, poieva, *rv~P(I, "rioveva, *1iveva, "pleveva, "dajeva, maieva (CM. Rad 67, C. 71; Rad 65, c. 14; Rad 63, C. 36, 43; OTKPbITblH ~ B HOTaUl1l1 Banaaua.> e Ilrrerepuraaxajcaanerenscrnyer 06 OTTHHYTOM C OKOHlJaHl1H na TeMaTl1lJeCKl1H rnacasni ynapeaaa):

C BblpaBHl1BaHl1eM ynapemra rro ,lJ,BycrrO)[(HbIM q,opMaM C OTTHHyThIM aa xopeas ynapenaei« - l{jeva, gnfjcva, vljeva, plieva, pojeva, sloveva, ploveva, rj6veva, t{veva, pl{veva, dajeva, mejeva (OTKPbITbIH a B HOTaUl1l1 IlnerepurHHKa, = 0 BaJIHBua, cannerenscrnyer 0 BTOPHlJHOCTll ynapenaa}.

2-3 duo pracs.: q,OPMbl C coxpanenaesr orranyroro C OKOHlJaHl1H aa reMaTH'leCKHH rrraCHbIH ynapemra - liieta, g/lij~ta, viieta, pij~ta, pojeta, rveta, rioveta, ~ivha, "pleveta, ,dajeta, majeta (CM. Rad 67, C. 71jc B HOTaUl1l1 Banaaua, = I Ilnerepunnnca, CBOHM OTKpbITbIM xapaxreposr cnnnerensctayer 06 OTTH)I(Ke ynapenas C OKOHlJaHHH ira nOT TeMaTHlJeCKl1H rnacHblii) •

C BblpaBHHBaHl1eM ynapenaa no ,lJ,Bycrro)I(HblM ¢opMaM C OTurnYTbIM na KOpeHb ynapeaaew: l{jeta, gnOeta, vqeta, pOeta, p6jeta, rj6veta, Hveta, plfveta, dOjeta, mdieta (OTKpbUbrn 6 B norauaa Ilnerepunraxa, == 0 BaJIHB~a, CBH,IJ,eTerrbcTByeT 0 HenepBl1'lHOCTH ynapeuna) .

.l(al( MO)I(HO Bl1,1J,eTb, ace q,OPMbI C ynapeHl1eM na xopne B pl. H duo HBHO BT()pH'lHbI, a nepan-moe ynapeaae na TeMaTl1lJeCKOM rnacnosr OTTflHYTO C l(OHe'lHOro OTKpbITOrO cnora, r.e , crrOBeHCKl1H noxassraaer MapnrnaJIhHblH: xapllKTep axnenra B q,0pMax He-1 sg. praes. B q,0pMax 3 pl. praes. 06HaP~aeTcH BOCXOnHIlJ,ee nonroe ynapenae na KOHelJHOM cnorc, 'ITO cnanele,JIIICmyeT 0 TaK Ha3bIBaeMOM "aOBOM aKYTe". Cnenyer orwerars, onnaxo, \fro , MaprHHaJIhHbIH xapaKTep nepnmuroro ynapemra JTl1X q,OPM nOKa3bIBaB~,TCH nocpencrnora BHYTpeHHeH: peKOHCTpYKll,Hll- pacnpocrparremrev KO- 14e'lQ,oynapHOCTll "rtaycnoaorsrx" OKOHlJaHl1H: aa OKOH'[aHWl' C rraBllIl1Ml1 pe~POBaHHbiMl1 11 nparnrcsrsaaxev JIl1M penynnponaaasrr-r ne psasaoro l1KlY;~. HanH'lHe "aosoro aKYTa" caxro euie He cnanerenscrayer 0 TOM, 'ITO ZUlftaoe ynapeHlle OTTHHyTO co cnertyiouiero rWVH(lro. KaK ~1'lI noxaaann

3.3aK 1. 36 11

6 3 9 " ~" rr eHH 0 »cer

B pane nperturecrayiouurx pa OT , HOBOaKYTOBblH ran ynap H M

6hITh npaoyut He ronsxo nonrorusnr cnorasr C OTTHHYTblM ynapenaesr, HO H )J.onrHM BHYTpeHHHM cnorasr C ynapeaaesr, rrepenaanyrsrsr na HHX c npenurecrsyromero cnora rro 3aKOHY B.M.I1JIJIHl.J-CBHTbll.Ja, a TaK)I(e KOHel.JHhlM cnorase, COXpaHHBrnHM CBOW )J.onrOTY.

PeKOHCTpYKU1U1 pacnpenerreaas YCTaHOBneHHblX axnenrnsrx THrrOB cranxnBaeTCH C PMOM npoueccos cpOHeTHl.JeCKOrO H' MopcpOHOnOrHl.JeCKOrO xapaxTepa, B 3Hal.JHTenbHOii crenena 3aTeMHHBllIHX nepsoaasansnoe COCTOHHHe H C03)J.aBllIHX paaaoofipaaaue- rr03HUHH HeM:TpanH3auHH nepaasnsrx axuearasix npOTHBorrOCTaBneHHH.

OIl,HY H3 TaKHX rr03HUHH 06HapY)l(HBaeT aaamrs cnoseacrcoro MaTepHana.

B npaaenenasix nsnne npassepax OTpa)l(eHHH a.n, C B cnOBeHCKOM aecrryl.JafuIo OTCYTCTBYWT rnaronsr C KOpAAMH na -u-. Ilene B TOM, 'ITO ace raKHe rnaronsi C BOCXOnllIUHM normea ynapeaxer-r aa xopae (snujem, kujem, tniiem, kljujem, bljuiem, pljuiem, sujem, cujem, drIiem) HH B cOBpeMeHHoM cnOBeHCKOM, HH B srarepaarrax M. Bansnna He 06HapY)l(HBaIOT BapHaHTOB c ynapeaaesr na TeMaTHl.JeCKOM maCHOM. 3TO sreuraer yace npn BHYTpHcnOBeHCKOH peKOHCTpYKUHH TpaKTOBaTb socxonautee nonroe ynapesne B HHX KaK nenocpencraeaasra pesynsrar OTTlI)I(KH axnenra C OKOH'IaHHlI, CpaBHeHHe ~ CJIOBeHCKoro MaTepmma C KaHKaBCKHMH naHHhlMH nonraepxcraer cnoxorsra xapaxrep CJIOBeHCKOM: perpnexcamra H, rrO-BH)J,HMOMY, 06'bllCIDIeT npa l.JHHbl BbmaneHHIl noii rpynnsi rnaronoa H3 paccsaorpexaoii asnne xaprnnsi pacnpeneneaaa aKueHTOBOK (CM. rafin. 5):

Ta6rrHI(a 5

CJIoBeH. l(aHKaBcKHH 4aK ,-KaHK. XVlIB.
Inf. Praes , BIIJ1J1BeIJ, Eel];HJI Ilparopse KpHlKaHH"
, . I. "sney/3m - CHi]eM
snavatl snujem
kovdti ksljem - "key jam krfjem K-g]eM
1 . tnljem - "otrtijem Tp8]eM
trovatt -
kljBvati kljujem - kljeyj~rn kj~jem Knj:M
• bljsvdti bljUjem b/rIje "blju'jam "bJujem Err JeM
plj9vtfti pljujem pJ~ju (pjuju) "pl/iljam "p!ujem nJlb8]eM
sovdti r , ["s~vom/ - c8]eM
sujem -
cuti lujem ([ujem) [ujem (61jem) ·~eyjam [Djem 4tjeM
duti dujem - *deyjam - -
,
obtui obllfem uje(nje) *ebeyjam obujem OO~]eM IIO-BHAHMOMY, no coornoureaae rOBopHT 0 TOM, 'ITO uenpoaaaonasie rnaronsr C KOpHlIMH aa -U- He nonseprnacs B cnOBeHCKO-KaHKaBCKHX nnanexrax HOBOUHpKYMcpneKCOBOM: MeTaTOHHH. Jlaurs noanaee B '!aCTH naanesTOB "HOBbIM: UHpKYMcpneKC" fibID BBe)J.eH B rnaronsr rronrpyrrrrsr IIA, sepo-

39 eM.: J1bl60 B.A. CJ1aBmCKaJl aXlJ,eHTO}JOntJI. M. 1981, c.144-146 If c. 31---32. J.:13 oonee crapsrx pa60T re lKe BblBOAbI B crarsax: "AKlJ,eHTOJlOI1Hl Ii cnoaootipaaoHaHHe B crraBHHCI<OM" (CJlaBHHCI<Oe H3blI<03HaHHC. VI MClKAYHap0/l.HLd! Cbe3A crraBHCTOB. Iloxnansr COBeTCKOH n;errcrallHH, M. 1968); OH see. 0 <PPaJOBLIX MO[(H' lPHKall,HHX YAapeHHH B npaCJlaBHHCI<OM.-ColleTCl<oe cn3BHHOBCAcHMe, 1971, NQ f,.

34

lITHO, no aaanoraa .c npYrHMH rnaronasra noM: nonrpynnu. Bapaaaru C HeH3MeHeHHhiM KpaT~OCTHbIM pecpneKCOM aKYTa, no CBHneTenbCTBY M. Banaana, COXPaHlIWTClI B KaHKaBCKHX naanexrax H Y npe3eHCOB noM: nonrpyrrrrbL B naanexrax cnOBeHCKOH "nHTepaTypHOH" rpynrrsr YMHHeHHe HeH3MeHeHHoro pedinexca npaCJIaBlIHCKOro axyra ,lJ;OJI)I(}{O fibIDO nars 06bI4Hoe BOCXO)J.HIlIee nonroe ynapemre, xoropoe COBrraJIO C ynapeaaesr, OTTHHYTblM C OKOHl.JaHHH. Ilocnenoaaauraa 3aTeM npouecc BhIpaBHHBaHHlI C YCTpaHeHHeM BapHaHrOB C Y)J.apeHHeM na TeMaTHl.JeCKOM maCHOM Y rnarorros a.rr. C npanen K nonaoMY COBnaneHHW )J.BYX paaee pa3nHl.JaBllIHXClI aKueHTHbIX THnOB B rane C rrOCTOHHHhIM Hal<OpeHHbIM BOCXonHIUHM ynapeaaesr, KOTOPbIH, TaKHM ofipa- 30M, sonpexa ~e3ynhTaTaM, nonY4eHHbIM npllMbIM .CJIOBapHhIM cpaaaenaesr, ~nHeTCH B :nOH rpynne rnaronos HerrOCpe,lJ;CTBeHHbIM perpnexcos, a.n. a

(.), a He a.n. C, npH4eM, onnaxo, casra rpynna rnaronos C 3THM axuearHhlM THrrOM BKnWl.JaeT B CBOM: COCTaB H 6bIBllIHe rrraronsi a.n. c. Cnenosarensno, cnOBeHCKHe rnaronsr C KOpHlIMH na -U-,3a HCKnWl.JeHHeM Tex, KOropsie nonysana no aHaJIOrHH "HOBhIM: napxyeepnexc" B npeseace, OKa3bIBaWTClI HepeneBaHTHbIMH MlI YCTaHOBJIeHHlI JfX nepBOHal.JanbHoro axuearaoro rana.

3TO B 3Hal.JHTenhH011: crenena ycnoxcraer YCTaHOBneHHe a.rr. npe3eHCOB rpyrmsr lIB C KOpHlIMH aa -U-, KaK BH,lJ;HO H3 Ta6nHlJ,bl, paanaxae axuearasrx napanarsr a H C COXPaHHWT KaM:KaBCKHe ,lJ,HaJIeKThI H l.JaKaBCKO-KaM:KaBCKHM: )J.HaneKT ID.KpH)I(aHHl.Ja, O)J.HaKO CO eras HX aapsapyercs )J.OBonbHO CHJIbHO (MlI KOJIHl.JeCTBeHHO He60JIhllIOM: rpynnsr}. IIO-BH,lJ,HMOMY, onpeneneaasre cnensr rrepBHl.JHOrO COCTOllHHlI 06HapY)i(}t:BaWTClI B ceBepHOl.JaKaBCKOM (HOBH): 3acpHKCHpOBaHhl .. CPOPMhl a.n. C :kiijen, sntfjen H cpopMa, BTOpHl.JHO soureznnas B a.n. a: trajii. IIhoKaBcKHM: )J.HaneKT, nO-BH)J.HMOMY, B nonasnJlWilleM 60nhllIHHCTBe ero rOBopOB cnHJI 06a rana B a.rr a:

Ta6J1MI(a 6

peplIH'lKaJl a.n. llITOK.JllfT. l(ocoBo-MeTox, CTapo"epHoropcK.
KyjeM K\heM \\ ..
".- KYleM
'" cny) eM - CII'PieM
t:: rpyjeM II. \\.-
~ rpytei« rpyjes«
"._ " ,
K,n,YleM \\.-
K,n,Yl eM K,n,YleM
6,n,'jjeM - 6jyjeM
to \\.- ."._
t:i n,n,YleM - nlYleM
\\ .-
-e CYleM - - JbJlllh B nHaJIeKTaX wrO-BOCTOl.JHOM: Cep6HH orveveasr CPOPMbI, KOTOpbIe MOryr rOBOplfTh 0 coxpaaesaa a.rr, C B 6ecnpHCTaBO'IHbIX rnaronax noM:

rplln 6." .1 (

.,I' .. nsr: Jl.YJ y, CK/bYJe Benas 529), onaaxo cp. npHCTaBOl.JHhIe: u16/l1JieT

Tal( r , ( E ,,~ ,

)l(e KaK onlby~e CM. eJIHl.J 146). B 60JIrapCl<OM 1I3blKe npOH30UIJIO Bbl-

t~cHeHHe 60nhIIIHHCTBa rnaronos :nOH rpyrmsi napHhlMH rrraronasra nonIjynnbI lIA.

B COBpeMeHHhIx BOCTOl.JHOCnaBIlHCKHX 1I3hIKax YCTpaHeHa a.n. a H 0606- LQeH KOHel.JHoY)J.apHhIM: ran (CM. rafirt. 7) .

XI~1J.HaKO Y)I(e o6paIlleHHe K PYCCI(QM)' nareparypaox-y 1I3blKY XVIIIBB. ofiHapY)f(HBaeT nsa aKueHTHbIX rana Y 3THX rnaronon. TaK, Y

35

Ta6nHlI,a 7

rIepBH'IIlali a .n, PYCCKHH YKpaHHcKHH Benopyccxaii
I I ,
KyiiT Kye Kye
CHY€T CHY€ I
" cHye
JlCY~T I I
1:1 scye xye
< KJlIO~T KJlIO€ KJllOe
6J1lOiT 6J11O€ 6J1lOe
"! nntoet nntoe nJllOe
I:i CytT - [coeQej -
-< A.C. IIYIIIKHHa: JlCy,oT, K!IIoiT; HO: nnioer, CYIOT. Aaanorxsnoe pacnpeneneHHe aKueHTOBOK naer I'pasoaaraxa A.A. EapCOBa (1783-1788): JlC}'Io, KIIIOIo,

, If' ,

CHYIO, HO nn 10 10, CYIO. 3TO )!(e pacnpeneneane nOBTOpHeT R.K. fPOT: KIlIOIO,

KY,b, HO CYIO, ntIWIO, XOTH "KOpHeCJIOB" <l>.IIlHMKeBH'Ia yxe B 1842 r. naeT 60JIee 6JIH3K}'IO K cOBpeMeHHoH CHCTeMY: KY,b, CHY,b, KIlIO,b,· JIC}',b, 61110'&,

, I

ntI 1010 , HO CYIO. Pacnpenenesae EapcoBa-IIYIIIKHHa-fpoTa nocrarosao MH3-

KO K paccsaorpenaosry asune xopBaTCKOMY H He MO)!(eT paCCMaTpHBaTbCH KaK nropasaoe, K CO)!(aneHHIO, B :nOM pacnpeneneaaa OCTaeTCH HeJlCHOH ax-

I' ,t.. , I

ueHTOBKa npe3eHca OT rnarona tiaeeat». KpOMe 'l'OpM nntoto, CYIO B TeKC·

Tax XIX B. H paaee 3a<pHKCHpoBaHbl aexoropsie npyrae <pOPMbl C aaxopeaHblM ynapeaaess: KII,beT (KOJIbUOB), npuKyeT (KOJIbUOB), 6I1kJlfT'fI(ITe'le6- HHK nasana XVIII B., CM. KHnapcKHH, C 294). IIPH oueaxe 3TH X <tJOPM CJIenyer yqHTbIBaTb HaJIH'lHe IO)!(H0PYCCKHX nHaneKTOB C paHHeH reaepanaaauaea 6apHTOHHpOBaHHOrO axuearaoro rana 3THX rnarOJIOB; TaK, B pH3aHCKOM roBOpe n. lleyJIHHO OTMe'leHbl CJIen}'IOlIlHe <P0PMbl:

1. 611 yuy (CJI. 1842, sub v. '3aKOHOBaTb', CJI. 3911 sub v. 'nacxans'Y,

06111610, 0611,beWb, [a611 YUT'- rz] (sub v. 'otineeats '), o firllb10 Cb, 0611,6-

eWbCJI., [a611 yuyc', a611 yuc c~] (sub v. 'o6I1eBaTbcJI. '); 611 yuy, 3611 yuw,

6 ,I , 6 ,I 6' ,I , 6 ,I "(E • t:'

II YUT, 3 II YU.M. a II YUT, a II YUC C a poMJIeH-DYJIaTOBa 433).

2 I r [,1_ 1 ,', 3 2 1 I

. KIlIOIO, tcntoetus KII yuy x, KII yu T x, p. KII YUT ~ lx, 3 pl.

KIIYUYT' 3x] (Crn sub v. 'KI!eBJTb'), [KIIYUYT'] (CJI. 1712, sub v. '3a6eDUTb '), ( no> KII,bIO, (no> KII,bewb (sub v. 'noxneedrs '); [naK.rz YUT', KII yuYT', KII YUT~] (EpOMJIeH-EynaToBa 433).

3. JlCYuw (CJI. 1642, b is, sub v. 'JICeBaTKa), Ha:JICYUW (CJI. 1642, sub v. 'JICeaQTKa: en. 2611, bis, sub V. 'KYKOII '),Ha:JtCYUYT' (CJI. 1642, sub v, see-

I 1'\' I ,

BaTKa J, Ha:JICYUW, pa:JtCJlCYUM, HO JlCYUYT' (EpoMJIeH-EYJIaTOBa 434).

4. [CHYUY, cHyuwa, aCHYU.Ma, CHYU.M, cHyilYT '] (EpOMJIeH-EynaTOBa 434). MO)!(HO nonarars, 'ITO renepanasauaa HenOnBH)!(HOrO axnearaoro rana B 3TOH rpyrme marOJIOB xapaxrepna MH IOrO-BOCTO'lHOH 30Hb! PYCCKHX roBOPOB, BKJIIO'IaIOIUeH PH3aHCKHe (cp. lleYJIHHO) H, B03MO)!(HO, sopoaexcxae (cp. y Konsnoaa) rOBOpbI. Ilpennoneoseaae 0 HaJIH'lHH TaKOH (nOC1aTOIffiO 06lIIHpHOH) 30Hb! reaepanaaauax 06"bHCHHeT aHOMaJIbHble ynapeaaa IOIi6er

I ,

H nputcyet y KOJIbUOBa. <l>opMa 611101el"l> B ITe'le6HHKe XVIII B., B03MO)!(H0,

06"bHCHHeTCH non06HbiM )!(e 06pa30M. Bo BCHKOM cnysae onaaosnsre <PopMbl rnaronos 3TOli: rpyrmst, H3BJIe'leHHLle H3 naMJITHHKOD, nO-BH,ll,HMOMY,

36

, t

He MoryT . MeXaHH'It::CKH paCCMaTpHBaTbCH KaK apxaasasre. Ha naanexrsr C paHHeii renepanaaanaeii naxopeanoro ynapeana B noli: rpyrme marOJIOB MoryT YKa3bIBaTb raioxe TaKHe mopMbl B IOrO-3arranHOpYCCKHX TeKCTax KaK'

/.,. A ( 1) T ' .

xrnoeca ITeKc3H3 61 H cK'6elI.l'b (Appaccxaa cnHCOK fpaMMaTblKH CJIO-

BeHCKOH 11. Y)!(eBH'Ia, 44a), cp. raxsce part. praes. act. f. K81O'Ia~ (ib., 46a). Bee TaKHe CJIy'laH nOJI)!(Hbl 6bITb crporo JIOKaJIH30BaHhI H otisenaaeasr JIOKanH3aUHeH npexne '1eM HX MO)!(HO 6yneT BBeCTH B cpaaneaae.

:aKHM o6pa30M: (1) JlrrH npaCJIaBHHCKOH peKOHCTPYKIJ;HH ynapeaax B

3TOH rpyrrne marOJIOB MO)!(HO orraparsca JIHlllb na re nHaneKTbl (coorserCTBeHHO, HnHOJIeKTbl), B KOTOPblX coxpaannocs npoTHBorrOCTaBJIeHHe pasHblX axuenrastx THnOB (B naaasix rnaronax) . TaKoBblMH HBJIHIOTCH CHCTeMa pyccxoro mrreparypnoro aasnca XVIII-XIXBB. H yxasaansre nsnue xopBaTcK~e CHCTeMbI. EnHHaH aKueHTOBKa 3TOH rpynnsr 06"bHCHHeTcH renepana- 3aIJ;HeH ozmoro aKueHTHOrO rana, pa3JIH'lHOe ynapeaae He HaXO/J:HT 06bHCHeHHH H nOJI)!(HO paCCMaTpHBaTbCH KaK apxaaaxr. (2) Pacnpenenenae B PycCKOM aasnce XVIII-XIX BB. H B xopsarcxax naanexrax B ueJIOM connanaer, 'ITO nonrsepxnaer ero apXaH'IeCKHH xapaxrep, (3) .Tnaron xneears HMeeT 6apHToHe3Y JIHlllb B TOM CJIY'lae, eCJIH rnaronsr nneears H 611eBaTb 6apHTOHHpOBaHbl; 3TO rOBOpHT,O'leBHnHO, 0 TOM, 'ITO OH nOJIY'IHJI ee BTOPH'lHO

non BJIHHHHeM 3THX PH<pM}'IOIUHXCH C HHM marOJIOB. (4) I'naronsr nne-

eat» H 611eBaTb 6JIH3KH no CMblCJIY H 3BY'laHHIO, n03ToMY aanaxae y HHX onanaxoaoii aKueHTOBKH JIerKO 06"blICHHTb 3TOH 6nH30cTblO, rorna KaK HX pa3JIH'lHe nOJI)!(HO paccsrarpaaarscs KaK nepaasnoe. 3TO npenonpenenaer Bbl60p KaHKaBCKOH CHCTeMbl M. Banasua KaK "TO'lKH OTC'IeTa" npn paccMoTpeHHH HCTOPHH aKueHTOi3KH 3TOH rpynnsr marOJIOB.

BTOPYIO rr03HIJ;H1O HeHTpaJIH3aIJ;HH axuenrnsix nporaaonocraeneaaa ofipaaylOT rnaronsi C KOpHHMH aa -;- (HCKOHHoe H <*y). Ona CBH3aHa C peraoHOM IIITOKaBCKOrO naanexra H C uenrpansasrsr perHOHOM 60JIrapCKHX nHaJIeKTOB H YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH nocpencrsosr CpaBHeHHH naaasrx 3THXnHaneKTOB C naHHblMH nnanexra 10. KpH)!(aHH'Ia H CJIOBeHCKoro H3b1Ka. llOnOJIHHrensnsre rrOnTBep)!(IJ:eHHH craporo pacnpeneneaaa naior KaHKaBCKHe, '1aKaBCKHe naanexrsr, BOCTO'lHOCJIaBHHCKHe H3blKH H 60JIrapcKHe naanexrsi nePH<pePHHHbIX iO)!(Horo H cesepnoro peraonos (HaMH B HaCTOHIUeH pafiore B OCHOBHOM HCrrOJIb3}'IOTCH MaTepHanbl ceBepo-BOCTO'IHOrO fianarcxoro rosopa H ioro-socrosaoro rosopa Wysoka) .lleMOHCTpaUHIO 3TOH HeHTpanH3aUHH CM. B Ta6JI.8.

Ilaanste cpenaefionrapcxax TeKCTOB CBHneTeJIbCTBYIOT 0 cYIUecTBoBaHHH perxoaa C YKa3aHHOH HeHTpanH3aUHeH ysce B XIV (XIII?) B. TaK, B pxne rraMHTHHKOB Mbl HMeeM (nepaasaaa a.n. c): 1. llIt~ Ea-anp. N° 592 (XIV B.) , 68a, bis, 80a, H llIib.. ib.,526, Ii: nHelIIH ib., 526, Ii nHeT1:. ib., 17a, nHeMb BocK~. e~ (XI.IIB.?), 116; Ii ~~eTe Ea-anp. N° 59~,386, H nHelTe ib.,

60a, HcnHXTb ib., 124a. 2. B"bllHeT'b ib., 45a, B"b3"bnHeT'b ib., 59a - r.e. TaK

~ ,. /

)!(e, KaK H rnaronsr rrepBH'IHOH a.rr. a: 1. H He oy6HeIllH BOCKp. ea (XIII B.?),

~a, He ~6HeIlIH Es-anp. N° 592 (XIV B.), 29a, oy6HeT BbI ib., 89a, 1S6R-

er Bbl ib., 86 H np.

Ilonotiasre )!(e rrOKa3aHHH naior TeKCTbl "Cacresrsr rracua faBpHHJIa"

(XV B.). MO)!(HO npennonarars, 'ITO aaanoraxnoe cosnaneaae axuenrasrx napannrsr npoaaoumo K 3TOMY BpeMeHH B uenrpansnsrx H ceaepasrx IllTOKaBCKHX ;J.HaneKTax. To, 'ITO np.cepficx. TeKCT Es-anp. N° 7364 coxpana-

37

Ta6nHu,a 8

Borrn narep CXpB. 4aK.-KaitK. Cnosen. EaHaTCKO-
XVII B. 6onr.
, ".- UUl~m '. "'
nUll nuteu pijem nuuo
- (/leJl] \\ .- JIUleM lijem -
'-' nujei«
\\.- BU/~M vijem -'
to; BUR BUleM BUUo
< , \\ .- rHbUleM r, -
2HUJI 2lbUleM glllJem
\\.- Tii.1~M _. -
- TUleM "\
BW! (3aBUieM) .v{iem BUUo
? VnieM PU]eM riiemt=rliem iVUUa.
6uJI 6ujeM Eu,eM btjem 6Uu!l
~ (AHan.6puR) 6ptjeM - brljem -
, \\.- lIfU!eM ~ijem ' -
to; WUR WUleM tuuuq
< , I MujeM Ml:JeM ". v ,
MUR mqem MYU!I
1 KpujeM KpuleM krljem ' -
KpUR KpUU!I
--- Ta ri n a u a 9

Eonr. CXpB. BOCT.-cnaB. qaK.-KaHK. CnOBeH.
(YKp.) (JO.KpHlKBHH'I
I (oajeM H (oa/w) IDjeM ddjem
naeunt
'"' . tJOjeM)
1 \,.- 1 4ajeM
c:i 'laen uates« PYCCI<. <IOeWb -
1 1 MaJeM I.
-e ouaeui - scaeu: rnajem
xbew H._ I xajeM htfjem
xajeu nexaeui
I.
tpdeiu Tpaj~M - TpajeM trajem
1 1\.- 1 n~leM lajem
naeui /laleM .iaeui
'" 1 " .. Ta€W T~jeM fajem
taetu Tale
~ 1 '\.- I KajeMCC -
«aeuu:e «ajeuce Ka€WCR
.( 6tfew 6~jeM 6aew E~jCM bajl'm I
i e'r cnensi pa3JUf'leHHH aKueHTOBOK B nOM rpyrme rnaronon, CBHAeTenbCTsyer, rro-BHAHMOMY, 0 ero IO)I(}{OllITOKaBCKOM npoucxoxneana.

n p a M C 4 a H H e. KaK 04eBHAHO H3 BbIWCH3nOlKCHHoro, CXpB. WTOKaBcKHit nperepncn B H3Y'laeMOM aKu,eHTyau,HOHHOM KJlaCCe T3KYIO CCpHIO HeitTpanH3aLlHit, KOTOpas ncpeucna novra nee rnaronu aroro xnacca B HcnOABHlKHblit aKueHTHblit THn: rnaronst xa nnaausre H aocoasrc , rnaronsr C b H b B KOpHC, rnaronst C KOpHRMH na

-U H rnaronsr C KOpHRMH -i- H -y·. TaKHM 06p!30M, WTOKaBcKHit OKa3blBaeTCR assrKOM. B HaH60nbweit CTcneHH pa3pYWHBllIHM CHCTeMY aKuCHTHblX napanxrst B npescace H n04TH HH4ero HC AalOUlHM AnR peKOHCTpYKUHH npacnaeancxoro pacnpeneneuaa axueurust x THnOB B npeaeace H3Y'laCMOI'O xnacca rnaronoa.

nOCITeAHHM ran HeMTpaml3aUHH nporaaonocraanenaa B aKueHTHOM cacreMe Ii3Y'IaeMOM rpynnsr rnaronon, KOTOPblM cnenyer y'lHTblBaTb npa peKOHCTpyKUHH pacrtpenerreaaa HX axnenmsrx THrrOB, npoannaerca, rrO-BHAHMOMY, KaK MopcpOHonOrlflIeCKaH TeHAeHUHH B fionsunntcrne IO)I(}{OCnaBHHCKHX H BOCTO'IHOCnaBHHCKHX AHaneKTOB H YCTaHaBnHBaeTCH B pesynsrare HX cpaB-

38

1

HemUI C pacnpeneneaaeja aKueHTHbIX THIlOB 3THX rnar onoa B 'IaKaBCKOKaMKaBcKoM AHaneKTe lO. KpmKaHH'Ia H B cnOBeRCKOM H3bIKe.

Ecnn Mbl paccraorpasr rnar onsi C KOpHHMH na -a-, TO OKa)!(eTCH, 'ITO B 60nrapCKOM OHH ace OTHOCHTCH K HerrOABH)I(}{OMY aKueHTHOMY rnny, nosTH ra )!(e cHTyaUHH 06HapY)I(HBaeTCH B cep6CKOM (llITOKaBCKOM) H ROCTOqHocnaBHHCKHX (CM. rafin. 9).

nO-BHArlMOMY, aaanoraxaaa TeHAeHUI1H neiicmoeana B 60nbllIHHcTBe BOCTO'lHOCnaBHHCKHX AHaneKTOB H B OTHOllIeHHH xopaeii aa _yo. Hacxonsxo nocneAHHH TeHAeHUHH OTHOCHnaCb K IO)!(HOCnaBHHcKoM 06nacTH, TPYAHO CYAHTb, TaK KaK ara rr03HUHH nepexpsrra 3AeCb rro3HUHeM HeHTpanH3aUHH axuenr-

HbIX nponmonocrasnenaa B rnarom.asrx KOPHHX na -i- « *i H *y).

HH)!(e rrpHBoAHTCH MaTepHan, rrOATBep)!(AaIOIlIHM rrpeWIO)!(eHHYIO pexoucrPYKUI110 pacnpeneneaaa aKueHTHbIX THnOB Y npeaeacos rnaronos II rpyrtnsi.

AKueHTHaH napanarva a

1. *bIj9, *bDetb: np-pyccx. Oy6b liD (qYA. 211) HAp.; YKp. 8ioi6',o, eiol'6'ew; nioi6'ro, nioiri'eui; p03i6'w, poziti'eui; 3i6'J6, 3(6'ew; cp.-6onr. (MaKeA.?) 6H'elliH (0 rrHCbM. 536), pa36HeTb (ib., 466), pa36H'IOT' re

(ib., 646), Oy6HIOTb (ib., 556), (BOCr.) ib6HellllH (Ilc. Knnp. 124a) , (aan.)

~ I6ll.;.T'b (He. CHp. 1126),6onr. nnan. (6aHaT.) 6uuq, u36uuq, ny6uuq, nyo- 6~uq, (ce), pa36~uq, 3 pl. u36uuqr (npa HeHcHo~: Ha6uub, 3 pl. Ha6uutr), (Wysoka) blja, b~s; cea-xax, (HoBH) nab'ijen, zb'ijen;3 sg. u'b'iie, zabije; 'IaK-KaMK. XVII B. KpH)!(aHH'I) B~JeM ([p. 891,214), EHJeMce ([p. 722), IIpo6H)eM (I'p. 214); ceB.-KaMK. (EeAHH) beijam. (Ilparopse) "biiem (Rad 118, c. 67); cnoaen. b'ijem, yrop-cnoaen. Hijem, b/jd, bile, pl. biiejo (Rad 67, c,81-82)

(B 'IaKaBCKOM, KaMKaBCKOM H cnOBeHCKOM nepexon aKYTa B "HOBbIM UHPKYMcpneKc") .

2. *'§ii~, *~lJetb: roro-sanannopyccx. XVI-XVII B. llIllO ([p.3H3. 566, [peM., li26), y xp. WUIO, uuieiu, 6enop. W6!IO, wbtew (Jaauryuis 85): 6onr. naan. (fianar.] tuuua, 3awuua, (Wysoka) iija, fit cea-xax. (HoBH) ~'ijen; 'IaK.-KaMK.XVII B. do. KpH)!(~HH'I) IlhijeM ([p. 901, 214), 3awHJeM ([p. 214); ceB.-KaHK. (EeAHH) * §eijam , (Ilparopse) *ze~ijem (Rad 118, c. 67); cnoseu. rijem, yrop-cnoneu. 3 sg. ~~'e, 3 pl. tijejo (Rad 67 ,c. 83) (B ceBepHO'laKaBCKoM, Kai".KaDcKoM H cnOBeHCKOM nepexon aKYTa B "HOBbIM UHPKYMcpneKc") .

3 * II. //, I I I

. of'Fl, !cIJetb: 11YCCK. nouuto, nouuet; cp.-6onr. (MaKeA.?) noxaers

(0 nHCbM. 636), rrO'l'{eTb (ib., 716), (san.) ~ rro.Bx (1 sg., He. CHp. lIla), nO'lHen (ib., 1006); cr.-cep6. (Ea-anp. N° 7364), rrO'lHt-£Tb 168a; 'IaK-KaMK. XVII B. (KpH)!(aHH'I) IIo'lHjeM (Tp. 214); cnoaen. poc'ijem (c nepexonoss aI<YTa B "HOBbIM napxysrrpnexc"}.

4 *'" II. ~ , • 3 'Iiii' (i 3)

. mY'2, "myjet»: Ap.-pyCCK. He OMblIO T~ (lJ.YA. 48 ), OYM1.1 I-€ Ib.,48 ,

COBp. PYCCK. M61O, M6ewl; roro-aanannopyccx. XVI--XVII B. ~M6IIO ([p3H3. 546), MillO ([pCM.,ti3a), YKp. MU;o, MUEW, 6enop. Mb./O, J,f6zew (Iaau.yui-r 8~)_; cp.-6onr. (BOCr.) wM3Ilen, (DecTB. 16a); 6onr. nnan. ~6aHaT.) -'1yuq(ceJ, U3- MyUi!, HaMyuq, ce M.har (3 pl.) , HaMyuar (3 pl.}, (Wysoka) muja, muM; cr.-cep6. (EB -anp. N° 7364) He ~YMtIIO 265 a, oy~trellIH 2696, o Mbll-€llIH 265 a, OYM6IIOTb 1336: ~eB.-IfaK. (HoB H) um'iJen se; 'laK.-KaMK. XVII B. (KpH)!(aHH'I) MHjeM ([p. 892,

14), IIoM~JeM (Tp. 214), YMHJ~M (I'p., 214); ceB.-KaHK. (Ee;:I,HH) *meij(Jm, (IIpHropbe) m'ijem (Rad 118, 67), cnoaen. niliem: yrop-cnosea. (BanHBCU)

39

miiie (Rad 67, c. 83). (B KaHKaBCKOM H C110BeHCKOM nepexon aKYTa B "HO' BhIH UHpKYM<p11eKc").

5 *k'" *k'" ~ /.,.. (q 1291) ...... r » A('b

. rYJ«, :;)!Jetb: np.vpyccx. WKp1>1 lot': yn. , H WKPbII-eTCM. 1 .,

1344), WIKp'lo~lOrh (ib., 27J), COBp. PYCCK. KPOIO, «poeia», yxp. KPUIO, KP~gUl, fienop. KPWIO, Kp6zeW (Iaauryuix , c. 84); cp.fionr. (MaKell.?) wKphleTce (0 rmChM. 53a) (BOCT.) &Kp'loleTcA (ITc. lump. 166),

(aan.) cbKphlelllH (Mc.· CHp. 31a), na He CbKp~elllH (He, CHp.

31a), CbKp6~ (ib. 63a) , 60rrr WfaJI. (fiaaar.) KpUu9(ce),3aKp~uqce. ucxpuiuu ce], nytcpuua, npexpuiia; npexpbuar (3 pl.), (Wysoka) krzja, krH,

• , • • I •

cr.-cep6. (Ea-anp. N° 7364) He wKpHeTce 676; '1aK.-KaHK XVII (KpmKaHH'I)

Kp~jeM (Tp. 891, 214), CKpHjeM (Tp. 214), 1O)I(.·KaHK. (Tpefiapeao) skriiu (3 pl., Zb. 3, 213), ceB.-KaHK. (Be)J,IDi) skreijam; (Ilparopse) *skrljem

(Rad 118, c. 67); CJIOBeH. krijem, yrop.-CJIOBeH. kr'ijes, krqe, 3 pl. krijejo (Rad 67, c. 82-83) (B KaHKaBcKoM H C110BeHCKOM nepexon aKYTa B "HOBhlH UHpKYM<pJIeKc").

6. *nyjr;, *nYietb: PYCCK. HalO, noeiu»; IOrO-3arra)],HopYCCK. XVI-XVII B.

H~IO (JIeKc3H3. 602, fpCM. N 86, P46, C86, 155a) , yKp. HUIO, HU€W, 6enop, 3aHbflO, 3aHbfe (Isauryuis 84); cp.fionr. (aan.) gHhlelllH (He. Cap. 108a); '1aK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH4) YHH)eM, Y3YHH)eM (I'p. 214).

7. *d{[j~, *d{1jetb: PYCCK. OYIO, oyewb; IOro-3ana)],HopYCCK. XVI-XVII B.

D,~IO (ITBep. 301), yKp. 0:110, oyew; 6011r. oYJl, oyew, D,IWI. (6aHaT.) oyuq., HaOYUf/Ce, nyoyuq. ee, (Wysoka) duja, did; ceB.-KaHK. (Be)],HH) *dryjam (B KaHKaBCKOM nepexon aKYTa B "HOBhIH UHpKYM<pJIeKc"). 0 C110BeH. dujem, yrop.-C110B. dujem (Rad 67, c. 82) CM. astute (c. 34 ij cnen.) .

8 *,,/, *'" 6 I 6/ I , (

. -uJ<;, suiet»: PYCCK. 0 'YIO, 0 yeuis; pa3YIO, pasyetus cpo D,p.-PYCCK.

imper. 2 sg. if o60Yl1 qy)],. 663); yxp. 06ylO, 06/ew, 6errop. a6ylO, a6yew (Iaauryn.v 85); 6011r. :;6YJl, 06yew; U3YJl, usyeui, )],HaJI. (fiaaar.) u3yuq (ce); cea.xax. (HoBH) obuiin, 3 sg. obiiie; qaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)I(afIH'I) 06~jeM (Tp. 901), JJ8JeM (I'p. 901); ceB.·KaI1K. (Be)].H.H) "ebeyjam, (ITPHropee) "ebiijem, "siziiiem (Rad 118, C. 67); cnosea. obiijem, iziljern (B KaHKaBCKOM H C110BeHCKOM nepexon axyra B "HOBbIM. UHpKYM<prreKc", B C110- BeHCKOM )TO eD,HHCTBeHHbII1 r11ar011 C xopnera na -U, B KOTOPOM Ha61110- D,aeTCH: TOJIhKO TaKOH nepexon, B KaHKaBCKHX )),HaneKTax, IIO CBH)],eTe11hClBY M. Banasna, BCTpe'laeTCH: BapHaHT C HeH3MeHeHHhIM pe<p11eKcoM axyra: -nje (Rad 67, C. 91).

9 *x,,· *x,,· I,

, . cUJ[!, curet»: PYCCK. uyto, syetus; roro-aanaznropyccx. XVI-XVII B.

IJ'd1O (fpCM. ~5a), yxp, 'IYIO, 'Iyew, 6e11op. lJylO, lJyew (IBawJui'l 85); cp.- 60nr. (san.j na rro'lrOe (He, Clf?,' 1636), COBp. HOpM. IJYJl, uyetu, )],HaJI. (6aHaT.) 'IYUq., (Wysoka) tuja, eM; cr.-cepb. (Es-anp. N° 7364) He '1oyelllH 1576, soyere 204a; ces.orax. ~HoBI1) cujen, 3 sg. laje, 3 pl. cuj~; '1aK.KaI1K. XVII B. (l}pH)!(aHH'I) q8JeM (fp. 901), ce '1K:]eT (I'p. III), qSJeTce (f~. V), 3 pl. q~J~hce (fp. 1882); 1O)I(.-KaMK. XVII B. cjuiu (3 pLPetr.5), (JuJu (3 pl., Petr.; 35); ceB.-K3HK ". (Ee,ruUI) *ceyiJnl, (Ilparopse) *cajem (Rad 118, c. 67); cnoaen. cUjcm (Plet.). qaKaBcKffH, KaI1KaBCKI1H H cnoBeHCKHH " - perprrexc "nonoro UHpKYM<pJIeKCa" 113 ar yra nepen A011rof~H. CrrOBeHCKHH EJ pHaHT C';;Cn1 (Bananen, Rad 68, C. 71, 79: cu/em. Mjd. cuje; 3 pl. cujeju) I' yrop-cnoxea. b.ljern (Hammell Rad 68 c 82' cUjem ' cuje, cujemo, Cr~jetc, Ct1jejo) B pesym.rare YrVurneH~}l: pe<p11e~c:: aJ(~Ta 6e3' npe06pa30B3HIH! er o B "HOBhIH UHP><YM<PJlCKC" (CM. Ilhlwe, c. 34 Ii cnen.) .

40

10. *s{Ijr;. *sf.[jetb: PYCCK. narep. XIX B. CYIO, cyewb (CM. Bynaxoacxwa PJIJlITII XIX B., 212-213); 4aK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)!(aHH'I) CIf]eM (Tp. 851, 892, 190). 0 cnosen. sujem CM. asune.

.\ 11. *p/j/ijr;. *pljujetb « ~pj{1jr" *pj{/jetb): CT.-PYCCK. (XVII B., ABBaKYM)

\..... J1mblOTb (IT.C6. 256), PYCCK. 11HTep. XIX B. 11.111010, 11.flI0eWb (CM. Byrr~xoBCKHI1 PJIJlITIT XIX B., 212-213), roro-aanannopyccx. XVI-XVII B. rrJI1010

I (I'p, 3H3. 56a, I'p eM. P5a, P56); fionr. nIIlOJl, 11.IIIOeW, naan. (6aHaT.) ruiyuq.,3an.rlYuq., (Wysoka) pl'uja. pl'Ui!; cr-cepti. (Ea-arrp.jN" 7364) il

WII11rOIOTh ero 1906; '1aK.-KaI1K. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) IIJ1b8JeM (Tp. 851, 190), IToIl11h~JeM (I'p. 190), cea .-KaHK. (BeAHH) *pljyjam, (Ilpar opse) .pljujem; cp. cnosen. pliuiem, yrop-cnosen. pluje, 3 pI. pzUjo (Rad 67,

C. 83), rAe OTCYTcTBHe "HOBOUHpKYM<pn~,KcoBOH M~TaToHHH" (cp. KaI1KaIlCKHe npuxrepu, a TaK)I(e BOCT.-lllTHp. plji1vam. *pljuvljem) npaseno K COBJ1l1)J;eHHIO C perpnexcoxr IIo)],BH)l(HOrO axuenrnoro rana.

12. *z!li~, *If/jetb: PYCCK. 111110, JlaeWb, roro-aananaopyccx. XVI-XVII BB. 11'10 (ITBep. 1602); yxp, JlJIO, JlJew; cp-fiorrr. (MaKeu.?) n~eTh (0 rrHCbM 106), (BOCT.) 11aeT'1. (ITc. Kanp. IOa) , 6onr. JlWt, ndeiu, CXpB. (WTOK.) lI~jeM, ces .. -'1aK. (HoBH) 18j~n, '1aK;KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) JIajeM

[I'p. 841,199) ,IIoJI<l)eM (I'p. 199); ceB.-KaHK. (Ilpnropse) *IQjem (Rad 118,c. 99, . CJIoBeH.lajem (B cnosen., cea-sax. nepexon aKYTa B "HOBhIH UHpKYM<pneKc") .

, 13. *tffitl' *t!ljetb: PYCCK. TlilO, TJewb, roro-sanazuropyccx. XVI-XVII B. tAro (ITBep. 1312), YKp. OKenexoBcKHH) TdJiTU (*TalO, *Taew); cp.-60JIf. (BOCT.) raert, (IIc. Kanp. 566), 60nr. (I'epoa) rJ~, TlieWb; CXpB. T'Cje .

(3 sg.), '1aK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) TaJeM (fp. 841, 200,), Pa3Ta.1eM (I'p. 200), crroaen. t5jem (B cnOBeHCKOM '<Pp<;;XOg perpnexca aKYTa B "HOBbIH UHpKYM<p11eKc").

14. *b!i2' -bl/jetb: PYCCK. )],Han. 6cflO, 6aewb, yxp. 6cilO, 6c1eLU; fiorrr. 6tiR, Mew, CXpB. 6'tijbt, '1aK.-KaI1K. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) E~JeM (Tp. 841 , 842, 199), Ha6a)eM (I'p, 199), 36~jeM (I'p, 199); cnoaea. (Banaaeu] bdiem (Rad 67, c. 70), (SSKJ) bdiati, bajam; bdiiti, hQjim- Mop<P011orHqeCKH nepecrpoeanue <pOPMbI, HO coxpaHHIOIIJ;He perpnexcsr craporo aKIJ;eWi.-

noro , rana. ITO-BHWfMOMY, olllH60'IH0 YKa3aHHe TlTIeTepwHHKa: brfjati, jam

H -iem, oWH6Ka 06bHcHHeTcH KHH)I(HbIM xapaxreposr rnarona,

15. *k%j2, *k!jetb: )],p.-PyCGK. drOcA (qYJl 363), He pacKamcA (ib., 1184), He IIOKal-€lllHCA (ib., 1493), nOKai-€it' (ib., 363), na IIoKa~cA (ib., 1501), He IIodei'F (ib., 344 ),nOK<lrOT1' (ib., 363), COBp. PYCCK. KdJ()Cb,

, I, / I ()'-

'KaeLUbCJI, YKp. KaIOCJI, Ka£WCJI; 60nr. xasce, xaeuice; )],lfaJI. fianar. «auq-

ce, ce KdW; cr-cepfi. (Ee-anp. N° 7364) na nodlOTce 1296, CXpB. KajcM (ce) , cea-xax. (HoBH) k8jJn, '1aK.-KaHK. XVII B. (Kpnzcamrs) Ka]eMCe

(rp. 722, 841, 199), Iloxajesrce (fp. 199). B KaHKaBcKHX )],HaJIeKTaX o.:

HOBa He 06HapY'A<eHa. B C110BeHCKOM SSKJ TaK)I(e He npasonar Il,aHHbIH rnarOJ1, <paKTH'IeCKH ero HeT H Y BarrHBIJ;a. IIOKa3aHHe Ilrrerepunnnca OTHOCHTeJ1hHO yp,apeHHH, nO-BH,l1,lIMOMY, 01llH60'IH0 (kdiati, -jam, -jem).

"(f ~.,.. 1

. 16. *gr~jo, *grejefb: )],p.-PYCCK. if rpose ffi (qy)]'., 127 ), COBp. PYCCK.

z' / C .f

PelO, epeeuu.; 102o-3anaoHopyeeK. XVI·-XVII B. rpmo (I'p. Csr., tt3a) ,

""'p , / 6 ' / (W ka .1~' I" ,. ,f v .

In. • ZPllO, epietu; OHr. 2PeJl, epeetu, D,HaJI. YSO a ) grat S t.ncttu 0 '1I\..L ~t;

AaiL~'; CXpB. 2pejcM (giljem), cen.orax. (HoB H) grq~n, '1aK-KaI1K. XVU B. (l<:PH)f(aHHll) fpHJeM (Tp. 841, 891, 1(9), Corp&jeM (Tp. 1(9), ceo.-:<aiII<' (Semur) "griejam, (Ilpnropse] grejem (Rad 118, c. 99), c110BeH.g.Y?/em (B C:':BC!,:JG-

4i

qaKaBCKOM, KaiiI<aBCKOM Ii CnOBeHCKOM nepexon perpnexca aKYTa B "HO-

BbIM IIHpKYM<pnCKC"). ,

17. *spijr;, *sp/jetb: cI.-PYCCK. XVII B. oycrrtlO (PaTH. 1$6), COBp.

PYCCK. enelO, ycneto, eJ!eelfb, ycneeuus, roro-sananaopyccx. XVI-X~II B. , CrrtlO (ilEcp. 1201), i5'crr"b1O (I1Ecp. 141,1), yxp, (fpHH'ICHKO) cnuo, cnteia, ycniso ycnietu; cp .-60nr. (san.) rrptcrrbcl (l1c. CHp., 120a), 60nr. (TepOB) C'nhI;J., dntewb, yenjj~, yenbewb; cr-cepd. (Ea-anp. N° 7364) oycrricTb 2916, oycrricrb 302a, CXpB. yeneM, ooeneM, npucne)«, HccnDKCHHblC <pOPMbI ronsxo B 3 pI. yenejy, iJoenejy. npuenejy (cKaBCKHC <pOPMbI na -spijhn - pesyns rar pa3nO)l(CHHH nonroro CrH)I(CHHOrO -~- H MOp<ponorH'ICCKOrO BbIpaBHHBaHHH); CCB.-'IaK. (HoBH) do spljin , dospiiel, 'IaK.-KaMK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) )lOCIII1JCM (I'p. 892), b'crr~JcM (I'p. 901) 110crr~JcM (Tp. 214); cCB.-KaMK. (EC,[J;HH) "desplejam, (Ilparopse) prispem, prispei ("itd", HO panee naerca YKa3aHHc, xro axuearyerca xax znati, r.e.] "prispc, "prispemo, "prispete, "prispeiu (Rad 118, 68); l:nOBCH. sp?jem. uspfjem, dospejem (HapH,[J;Y co CrH)I(CHHbIMH sapaanraem) - B KaMKaBcKoM H cnoBCHCKOM nepexon perpnexca axyra B "HOBbIM IIHPKYM<pncKc".

",,, :+". 1)

18. *s('b)m~j9, *s('b)mejetf.: ,[J;p.-pyCCK. CMOIO (4Y,[J;.120 ,cI.-PYCCK.

XVlI B. H CM-tIOTb (PaTH. 16a), COBp. PYCCK. cu elO , eMeeWb; ioro-sanan-

_.AI ) "

HOPYCCK. XVI-XVII B. Ijc CMOIO (I'p CM. IIlla , yKp. SMZIO, csaeia; cp.-

60rrr. (MaKc,[J;.?) HC CMtlO (0 rrHChM. 64a) , (san.) CM"bCTb (He. CHp. 94a) , fiorrr. (fCpOB) eM"bX, eMEewb; CXpB. cu eM, HCCnI)I(CHHaH <popMa ronsxo B 3 pl. eMejy (CKaBcKHc <pOPMbI sm~jem, sml'je§, sm~jemo, sm~ju - peayrn.rar pa3nO)l(CHHH nonroro cranyroro-e- H ,[J;aJIhHCMIllCM aHaJIOrHH) ; CCB.:-'IaK. (HoBH) smln, smii, smimo, HCCnl.)I(CHHaH <popMa rOJIhKO B 3 pl.: smljii,' 'IaK.-KaMK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) CMHM (Tp. 972) - CrH)I(CHHaH <popMa, npa aecraxenHOM <pOPMC 3 IT. MH. 'I. HccM.fJ~r (I'p. 1272), uecraayrsra aapaaur HnH ucxyccrneano paCKpbITbIM CMHJ CM (Tp. 722), CCB.-KaMK. (Benaa) *smlejam, (Jlparopse] smem, sme! ("itd", HO paaee naerca YKa3aHHc, xro axnearyerCH KaK zrzlzti, cnenoaarensuos *sme, "smemo, *smere, *smeju (Rad 118,

c. 68); cnOBCH. smejem (B 'IaKaBCKOM, KaMKaBCKOM H cnOBeHCKOM nepexon perpnexca axyra B "HOBbIH' IIHpKYM<pneKc").

'f" ", "

19. *z (b )rPj~, *z (b )rejetb; PYCCK. ~pelO, 3pee.,wb, yKp. 3P''!1' 3PZ€W;

6onr. spe», speeia, ,[J;HaJI. (6aJ;laI.) 3PCiUt, npespee (3 sg.), 3peUf!,~ (3 pI) cr.scepfi. (Ee-anp. 7364) Cb3pteIb 123a, COBp. CXpB. Hop~aI. speiu, 3pUM (r-ocaona) npa cranyror-i sapaanre CXpB. 3p'b.t (ecna 3pUM rrCpBH'IHO, ro KOPCHb ciona HC orHOCHrl:H); 'IaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) 3p~JeM (Tp. 941), ceB.-KaMK. (EC,[J;HH) *zr'lejam; cnOBCH. zrfjem (npa HH<p. zr{ti; npn inf. zrfjaii Plet: yxaasrsaer: jam, [em, 'Iro)J;JIH apXaH'ICCKOM <pOPMbI non)I(HO 03Ha'Ia Tb zrljem, raxoe ynapenne B PH,[J; ,IIi MO)l(e r orpa)l(aTb xaxoe-ro npenHCC OTJIH'IHC. ,[J;a~c ecnn caanerenscrav Plet , B 3TOM cnysae MO)l(HO AOBCPHTh).

';' N -¥ • 2) ,

20. *sljr;, *si!jetb: ,[J;p.-pyCCK. C1> I-€rcA (4y,[J;. 82 ,COBp. PYCCK. ceto,

ceewb; ioro-aanannopyccx. XVI-XVII BB. cblO (Tp.rp., H4a, fpCM."H86, ~5a), rroc-b1O (fpJP.' Ola), yxp. cito, ek~; cp-bonr. (MaKc,IJ, '. ?) ,cterce.

(0 nHChM. 356), c'blOrce (ib., 44a) , (aan.) cDeTh (l1c. CHp., 276), H c1>crcA (ib., 22a), fionr. ceR, ceeiu, ,[J;HaJJ. (6aHaI.) e~uq, nye~uq; cr-cepfi. (Ea-anp. N° 7364) c"5crce 122a (napaanr na cten 78a, rrO-BHMMOMY, cnanerenscrayer 0 nasane npouecca CrH)I(CHHH B JrOM rnarone) , COBp. CXpB. cgjeM (<popMa

42

CKOPCC BoccraHOBnCHHaH rro 3 pl., 'ICM ecxpanarouraa apXaH'IeCKOe cocroanae, cp. CKaBCKHC <pOPMbl HH<p. sZjati, 1 sg. praes. sljem); CCB.-'IaK. (HoBM) s'ij'in, 'IaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) CHJeM (Tp. 841, 200), 06C~JCM (I'p, 200); 1O)f(.-KaMK. (XVlI B.) ne seju (3 pl., Petr. 111, rro Valj., Rad 67, c. 89), (Tpefiapeno) seju (3 pl., Zb. 3, 68), CCB.-KaMK. (I1PHropse) *sCjem (Rad 118, c. 99); cnosea. s?jem (B 'IaKaBCKOM, KaMKaBCKOM H C,~OBCHC~OM nepexon pedinexca axyra ,B "HOBbIM IIHpKYM<pncKc").

21. *v~jr;, *v~jetb: cI.-PYCCK. XVII B. pa3'atercA (Karex. 1627 r., 86a), COBp. PYCCK. 8elO, eeeuu; YKp. 8 rIO, eietu; cp.-60nr. (san.) BieTh (PHn.

I , " ,

N 1/26, 30~, 60nr·,8eR, eeetu, ,[J;HaJI. (fiaaar.) eeuo, npeeeuq, 8euqT (3 pl.),

(Wysoka) wd]«, wals; CXpB. 8ejeM (exascx. v'ijem - CrH)I(eHHC H BhIpaBHHBaHHe?), CeB-'IaK. (HOB H) vljJn, 'IaK.-KaMK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) Bu/eM (I'p. 841,199), I1peBHJcM (I'p. 199); cnonen. v¥jem (B cnOBeHcJ(OM H ceBepHO-'I~KaBcK1lM nepexon perpnexca aKyra, B "HOBhIM i1,HpKYM<pneKc").

22. *tejCj, "tejets: cI.-pyCCK. XVII B. 3artcn (Ynoac. 8a),' PYCCK. sarelO, sareeui«, yKp. sarbo, 3aTZ€W; 'IaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) THJeM (fp. 841, 108, 200), 3ar~JeM (fp. 200), CrHJcM (fp. 200). B APYrHX cnaBHHCKHX H3bIKax, KPOMC BOCrO'IHOCnaBHHCKHX H ,[J;HaJICKra 10. KpH)I(aHHsa, rnaron, rro-BHMMOMY, HC OrMe'ICH. O)J;HaKO Her OCHOBaHHH COMHeBaThCH, xro OH6bIJI CBOMcrBCH mranexry 10. KpH)I(aHH'Ia: xpyr 3Ha'ICHHH ero HeCKonhKO OrnH'IaCrCH or BOCrO'IHOCnaBHHCKHX, OrnH'IHO H rHC3,[J;0 npousBO)J;HbIX OCHOB. 3Ha'IeHHC Ha'IanbHOH OCHOBhI 10. KpH)I(aHH'I onpenenaer cneAYIOllJ,HM 06pa30M: THJCM HnH rbJCM (: aa nO)l(eM) (I'p. 841). OH npasoAHr HMrrcp<peKTHBbI 3arHBaM (I'p. 200), CrHBaM (Tp. 108) C aaxonoxrepHbIM ,[J;onrHM oTTHHyrbIM ynapeaaesr. 11 ynorpeonaer PH,[J; <P0PM B rexcre:

+ , v' -, "(f I )' I

H Jr1>BaJO! HO~H na HaKa3HH P~'I)H , p. 101+, ' MCp3K~ jeer ~~8MaHa H,

Cr1>JaHa pWI Corrocrar (I'p, 112 ,JnipTH sarojana: a HC anacrara, HHr naAo6Ha Je3Il<'{ (Tp. 1442),: HnHTH crtjaHts' PWI Janonon: (Tp, 1581). 110- BH,IJ,HMOMY, -rer OCHOBaHHH orxaasrsarsca or npacnanaacxoa peKoHcTpYKIIHH aKlJ,eHTHOM napanapasr nOM OCHOBbI.

23. *briir;. *brijetb H *brlj<z, *brIJetb: rrpHXOIJ,HrCH PCK(JHI, ":'YHt',)E'lrb ,[J;Be npeaearasix OCHOBhl or onaoro KOPHH, xora HX pa3nH'IHC npocneac.iaaerca nHIllb B BOCrO'IHOCnaBHHCKHX H3bIKax; rrO-BH,IJ,HMOMY, pasnaxae npesearasrx OCHOB 6bIJIO nepaonanansno CBH3aHO C coorBcrcrBYIOllJ,HM pa3nH'IHCM HH<pH- HHrHBHbIX OCHOB: "brsjati H *briti (orMe'ICHHhIM B CT.-PYCCKOM HH<PHHHTHB 6ptTH (CM. CPR XI-XVII BB., nsm, 1, c. 333) He MO)l(er 6hITh nepsasHbIM); cp. PYCCK. 6pelO, 6peeWb, ioro-aanannopycc«. XVI-XVII B. Ep{1O (ITEep. 122), napsny C aapaanrosr Epjo, EPHIllH (I1Ecp. 122), B xoroposs, BepOHTHO, BrOpH'IHhIM nepexon B i-CrrpH)I(CHHe; YKp. (fpHH'ICHKO) 6pUlO, 6pu€w. OCHoBa brijr;, raKHM 06pa30M, <pHKcHpycrcH na BOCrO'IHOCnaBHHcKoM nO'IBC COBp. YKpaHHcI;HM H crapOyXpaHHCKHM (IOro-3arra,[J;HoPycCKHM) orpa>kellHeM H nonrnepxnaercs ,[J;peBHcpYCCKHM (IIepKOBJlOCnaBHHCKHM) 6pue-

re (flCBHI. XIX, 27, EH6n. I'eaa. 1499 r.). OCHQBa *brejr; coxpananacs,

nO-BlIAHMOMY, rraurs B PYCCKOM H nonrnepzcnaerca R onpeaeneanoii crene- 11K Jl;P'-PYCCK. 6pb 10 r, 6pter'b (CM. CPR XI-XVII BB., BhIII. 1, C. 334) H BTOPlfllHbIM HH<pHHHrHBoM 6ptTH (ib., C. 333). Bnpouesr, nonnoii }EepcHI(OClH 3AeCb ner, rax KaK PYCCKHH perpnexc MO)l(Cr 6hITb peaynsrarosr

.~ . .t. RCHeHHH PCAYIIHpoBaHHoro -i- B cHnbHoM rr03HIIHH (rrpHBo,[J;HMbIC CPR

.-XVII BB. rrOKa3aHHH npeanepyccxnx rexcros B 3rOl\J orHOIlleHHH rax-

~~ HeHa,[J;e)l(HbI). IO)I(HOCnaBlIHCKHC H3bIKH nOKa3hIBaKlT rOJJhKO OCHOBY aa 43

CH britem (OCHOSa OrMC1JaCrCR rax-;-' ,il,JIR aKI~CHTHOH napaztarsru cp. crrOB.. ~

, , brl'j'em H B .L\HarrCKrHOM fiortr. 6p~Jl (I'eopraes}, nocnennua

)!(C B CXpB. 6 HcrrOrrb30BaH ,il,JIR pe-

H3-3a orcyrcraaa rrOKarrH3aUHH raK)I(C HC MO)l(Cr bITb

KOHcrpYKUHH aKU. napanarsrsr, CM. asnue).

!j" I I CCK XVI-XVII B.

24. *rejr;, *rejetb: PYCCK. peso. peetas ; IOrO;3arra.L\HO?y .

;t1O (IIE~p. 1102), yKp. pio, pietu; 60rrr. pes ce, peetu ceo I

p 25. *zkjr;, *zljetb: a.rr. aoccraaannasaerca rro coorsercrsmo =: sen, ,1eeUt (naan. npasiepu C noxanaaanaea CM. I'eopraes I, 637) CJ10BeH._ /lHarr. zljem (P1ct.), rrOCJIc,lJ,HHH C BblpaBHHBaHHcM BOK:U:~3Ma ~O OCHOB: H:

1>HHHr~Ba. B crrOBCHCKOM nepexon perpnexca axyra B HOBbIH UHP Y -

<pJ1CKC . .., , ,

26. *sli~, *siietb (noccranaarnraaerca aa OCHOBaHHH crrOBCH. suem CHRIO,

rue MO)I(HO npermonarars BblpaBHHBaHHc O)I(HlJ,aCMOrO H3 C~~;~MHbIX c006:a)l(CHHH l-BoKarrH3Ma rro BOKarrH3MY HHcpHHHrHBa (cnoaea. sijdti], B o~ran - H'IX crraBRHCKHX assncax npeaearnaa OCHOBa paHO BbITCCHCHa OCHOBOH HH<j:lDHHHrHBa, cp. npem.myuiaa rrpHMCp. IICPBH1JHbIH BOKarrH3M rr~C3CHca cm~

o aacen, rrO-BH/lHMOMY, B crapsrx crrOBCHCKHX r;Kcrax: ~ leti s~ncc top 0

f.P (b 37 CM Val]' Rad 71 C 212) onu (soncc) obsfJe kar ]C nar bol

seja ar. , . . . ,., .... I

visokiga na nebi (skrin. 279), gl~jtc za dafjam britkik solz sonce vesela posf' je (pok. 1,27) (Valj., Rad 67, 78)

AKucHTHaR napanar-aa c

1 *l'ijg *WJtb: cr.-PYCCK. B rexcrax C KaMopHoH oprporparpaea noxassrBacr' CPoP~y-)~KnHHOMcH 1 sg.- np~nllO (Ilcanr. 194a), 60rrcc n03,1J,HHC rexcrsr HC noxasarensm.r, rax KaK B aror )l(C ran nepexonar rnaronsi a.n. a: §iti, biti. B naanexrax, coxp'aHRIOIUHx nepenoc ua rrpHCTaRKH B a.n. b

(rpynnsr I), naomonaercs pacnpocrpaneaae npacraaoxnoro XJJ.apcHH~ HC- .

J n. C,IJ,.1J., csoiicrneuaoro rrCpBOHa1JaITbHO JU1!llb rnaronaxr biiets H s/~et~ rpyr;H nsr II, H aa rrraronsr rrcpBOHa;aJIb~?H a.n. c c -i: B ~(oPH~, cP; ~PO~b~ ~~a . 15a) ~ np.; . ":?BP; p~C~K. fblO, Jlb~Utbi YKP: (;I)JlJllO, (31)JlJl€W, 8iOI.!lJlIO,

eiainneia; nioinnio, nioinneui; P03lJlJlIO, p03I.!lJleUt. . ~

A.rr. c Ha,LlC)I(HO pexoncrpyapyerca IO)I(HOCrraB~HcKHMH IJ,aHHbIMH. 1JaK.-KaHK.

XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) lIHj~M (fp. 214), IIpoJllijcM (fp. 214) -= ! ~KalOmeM Tl,Ha:1CKrC KpU)I(aHH1Ja aror rnaron connan B npeaencc C ~CHOBOH ICje-tb H 0THOCHnCR no cro YKa3aHH}!) K 060HM HHcpHHHrHBaM: JIHrH (cM',.fp. 214)

H lIHj~rH (CM. fp. 199); cCB.-KaiiK.(EcIJ,HR) *leiillm:"cJ10BcH. lijem, 3 pl. !iJ{ Ca CJI0BCHCKOM orrsnyroe yn.aPCHHC B OTJIH1JHC or ~oBoro UHPKYMCPnexca" a.n, a), yrop-CJ10BCH. lijim (no rrpHMcpaM y Val). Rad 67, c.83-84

sub. v. leje). / .! XVI xvn

2. *gn'ij~, "gnijet«: PYCCK. 2H~IO, 2H~eUtb, IOrO-3ana.L\HopycC;~:... . - , .. _B. f'HiIb (Tp. 3H3. 566), YKp. 2HUIO, enueta; CCB.-'IaK. (Pa6) gnuen ltd, g_ruje(/1O, gnijete, gniju (Rad 118, 41) 1JaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)l(~~!fl() fHblfJCM,. (fp. 891, 214), COrHbH)eM (fp. 214); KaHK. (BaJ1RB;~) gl~lJe (3 sg.) -!n:iU (3 pl.) (Rad 67, C. R8), ceB.-KaHK. (Ilparopse) segnqem (Rad. 118, , .. ~O,

C crrxnyrsnr ynapeuaess}; CJ]OBCii. gnljem; yrop-cnoaea. (Banasen) gnlJf/,

(3 sg.; zegniie, kUzm. 193). JIHTCp. 6onr. 2H~ gOJI)I(HO 6bITb orBcACHO no ),":G13aHHbIM rrpH'lHHal\l, yrtapenae aroro rrrarona B naanexrax.coxpamraumx nporl1BOnOCTaBnCHHe aKilCHIUhIX napannrxr y fJ1arOJIOB H rpynI1bf c KOPURMH

HI -i·, HaM HCH3BccrIl0.

44

3. *vljr;, *vlj'etb; COBp. PYCCK. 8bW, RbiUtb; YKp. (3i) 8 ',0, (3 i) 8 'lUi, p03i8 ',0, p03i8 'diu (CM. BbllllC); cp.-60JIr. (socr.) CBHEllllH (llc. Kanp., 91a), (san.) Ii HC WEbBHiTCA (He, CHp. 1126), COBp. 60m. naan. (6aaar.) 8UUb, C8UU~, 3a8uiH, U38UUl" pa38uUb, pa381dte (3 sg.], cp. TaK)!(C B ioro-san. naan. fOPHO HOJIC 6UeM (I sg.); B ,lJ,HanCKrc Wisoxa nepexon B HCnOABH)l(HbIH TIm (vlja, w) it). EomapCKHH HOpMaTHBHblH HC MO)l(CI 6bITI> l1CrrOrrb30BaH ,il,JIR pCKoHcrpYKilHH ax 1,. rana aroro rnarona no YKa3aHHblM BbIlllC rrpwllmaM; CCB.-1JaK (BOBH) zavT/c (3 sg.) (06ccrrpHcraeo'!HoM CM. HH)I(C); 1JaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) BHJ~M (fp., 841, 891, 214), CBHjtM (I'p. 214); cCB-KaHK. (EC,rJ;HR) *Veifit'm, (llpHroPbe) viiem (Rad

I 18, 70; C orrRHYThIM YAapCHJfCM); ('nOBCH. vliem (c OTTH.HyrHM ynapeHHCM, cp. rpyrrrry a.rr. a), 3 pI. vi;l}; yrop.-CJIOBCH. (Bananeu) riN (3 sg.:

Rad 67, C. 85). B CCB.-1JaK (HoBH) 6CCnpHCTaBO'lHbIH rrtarorr ncpcllle:r B HCrrO,lJ,SH)l(HbII1 Tim (vlie, 3 sg, ~ vljemo, 1 pI.), COB nas JlOJIHOCrblO c rnaronoxr v'ljat (v'ljln) 'BCRTh'.

4. "plip, *pij~tb: Ap·-PyCCK. nbfTe (qy,lJ,. 1123), HH nbere (ib., 443),

\ "C' ('b 421) d 7 • • ~ (ib 214). TA'('b 113)

oynstort, I., , , U .•. n. ncnsera 1. ,ICnbfot; 1., j : COBp.

PYCCK: nbW, nsetu«, YKp. (8ioi)n'w, (8ioi)n'€Ut; posin'ib, posin'[iu; cp.-

, . '

60nr. (MaKCA. ?) nHlOrb (0 nHCbM, 55a), (nocr.) HcnRAT'b (llc. Kanp.

666), (san.) nHerb (He, CHp. 1026) nHlh~ (ib., 43a), HcnHerc (ib.,1156), COBp. fiortr. ,lJ,Han. (fiaaar.] nuu~, HanUn ce, nuiieu: (2 sg.). nuu~]' (3 pl.), (Wysoka) p)ja, pijH; cp. raK)I(C IOrO-3ana,lJ,I'::60nrapcKHH rOBOp fOPHO Ilene nulM (I sg.), 0 npaxanax HCKnlO4CHIiR aopraarasaoro 60J1r. CM. asnue; cr-cepecx. (Ea.iarrp. N° 7364) milO (I sg.) 2526, 253a, 266a ~. nHerb

(3 sg.) 27a, nHJ-€rc (2 pl.) 180a, HcniibTh (3 pl.) 127a; CCB-4aK. (HoBH) pfjln H pijen, pTi~~ H pijes etc., 3 sg. popi/e, nap'ij'e; 'laK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpIDKaHH4) ITJfj~M (fp. 892, 214), IIpHnHjeM (fp. 214); 1O)I(.-KaHK. (XVII B.) gdajze opiju (Petr., 25), cCB.-KaHK. (EC,IJ,HR) pei/am40, (Gornja Stubica) pijcju (3 pI., C. 232, HH)I(HRR crpoxa, orrxxyros YAapCHHC) 41 _ 8BHO BropH'lHbl (Ilparopss] pi/em, op)jem H KaHK. Banasua p~}'em, KOTOPbIC, B03MO)l(HO, B03HHKnH B peaynsrare OrrR)I(KH na COKpamCHHblH rrracHhIH (cp. pa3J1H'lHC KOnJf4eClB B nOH rpynrre OCHOB y KpH)I(aHH'Ia, a TaK)l(c COKpamCHHC rnacaoro no nyna B cnOBCHCKJfX ,lJ,HancKrax, CM. Banaaeu: u gorcrI.§tini glasi: pj~m, pje\§ itd. HCRCCH KaHK. Banasna pljem (pesynsTar ,lJ,anbHCHlllCH aaanorua HJlH 01llH6Ka B HHlepnpcraUHH?), KaHK. BalUIi> ua pij{) (3 pl.), aepoarno, RBnRcrCR PC3YJIbTarOM HHTcpnperaUI1H crapsrx rCKcroB Gasparoti H KpaR1JCBH1Ja (Petr.) H B 3TOM cnyxae OTHOCHrCR K 10)1(HOKaHKaBcKoif 0611acTH, a HC RBJI.ilCrC8 cpaKToM H,IJ,HorreKTa cavoro BaJIRB-

,)<, C ,. ( ) .. 1\ (> ~, II )

u,u. - rrOBCH. p uem ,0TTRHyroe Y,lJ,apcmle ,PlJem " ropCHCKHI1 ptern ,

XOpyraHCK. pi/am, pijas. ,.,~;~, pilamo, p{j(!tc, pij§: piiava. pI!ata (Rad 67,

. c. 77-78); yrop-cnoner.. pij~m.

5. *vYirj, *vy/~tb: PYCCK. A;WI. (UCKUB.) B)-ft, Rye}ub, BY/T, (Hone)p0J}" lIyra) 3 pl. 8010]' (CPHf, BbIfI. 5, C. J69), (CCHHl 'PO-TOP)KOKCK.) 6Qer, 3 pl , 6a,o]' (u, )]'y6pOBKIf, CeJ1H)KapOBCKoro P-H3, aarnrcs ClI. HH:<OJlacBa), BO BCc:X cnyvaax C BrOpH'lHbIM I1HQlHHHTHBOM IWR1'I} ({laiaT'), 6011f. Man. (6aH<'r.) 8ui;~ 'BOlO', (l1XTHM3H.) 8Uua ~ (me 'BOlO soer'

-_ .

'0 HDZb I, aa ('. 313 0i11Hf1", He> HaW'!.1]'aHO per/PIl:, "'l.

(M.: Jakohv Ul1lCfsuchlln.l~11 zur Phonoiogt,: unJ Frosouic vi ncr Kuixavischcn ~l:illdart (Cornju Stubic»:

45

(M.CIl. MllaOeH08. ITeKcHKa na l1xrHMaHCKHR rOBOp - EbrrrapCKa AHaJIeKronor aa, KH. III, CO<pHR, 1967, C. 452); cnoaen. viii, vljem 'heulen ' (plet.). B CIDIY yxaaattasix BblIIIe (c.39) co06pa)!(eHHH nOKa3aHHR AaHHbIX AHaneKrOB OKa3b1BalOTCR npeAnOqrHrerrbHee, qeM, nOKapaHHR JIHreparypHbIx nocroxaocnaasucrcax R3blKOB: PYCCK. narep. 8010, eoeuu.; IOrO-3anaAHO-

, 41 ITrc 572) "

PYCCK. XVI-XVII BB. BbllO (ITeKc3H3. 5 ,vcp. , yKp. 8UIO, eueta,

6crrop. 8NIO, 8b~eUl (CM. Iaauryuis 84). Bonr. narep. (H uearp. mran.) 8NJl, 8hleUi He RBrrRerCR penenaarusrr-r no APyrHM npHqHHaM (CM. ssnue,

c. 37).

6. *tYiC;' *tyjetb: nOCCraHaBJIHBaerCR no qaK.-KaHI}. XVII B. (KpH)!(aHHq)

. THjeM (rp. 841), THjeM (rp. 214), YrHjeM (rp. 214). Ilo YKa3aHHbIM nsnue (c. 37 -39) co06pa)l(eHHRM aepeneaanrnsr nOKa3aHHR YKp. A1ian. ()Kenexoscxan) TUIO, rueui H CXpB. TujeM.

• , ~ \) (IA) v , z' v

7. *zbv9' *zbvetb (~ *zlj9, *zijetb? : PYCCK. AHaJI. nBOHHHO ZVU, ves

(EpOK r3M 40) (Orops) JlC8Y, CaJlC8 'lUi (EpoMrreH-EyrraroBa, 381);

, , " I \ I \ I \ J \ ~ ~~)

60rrr. AHaJI. (Wysoka) zowa, iuves, 3 sg. krava tuve (Suche: zuvem, zuves ;

qaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)f(aHHq) )f(8~M (I'p. 841, 190), [Jpe8J1C~M (I'p, 1(0). 3ra OCHOBa IllHPOKO pacnpocrpaneaa raioxe B 3anaAHOCJIaBRHCKHX R3bIKax: Ap.-qeIIIcK. ZVU, nOJIbCK. iWf, iwiesz, xauryficx. zrq, zvd, a.otyxc. zwu. B03MO)f(HO, KaK apXaHqeCKHH sapaanr )TOH OCHOBbI cnenyer paCCMaTpaaars OCHOBY zi-, 3a<pHKcHpoBaHHYIO B <popMe )f(J1~r1> (3 pl., CM. BonosCKaR ncanrsrps, c. 333 <poromnHqeCKOrO H3AaHHR). Coornourennc paccxrarpaaaesroa OCHOBbl C OCHOBOH HH<pHHHrHBa *zbva-,. nO-BHAliMOMY, nropmao, cp. arrarroruansre nepepacnpenenemor y rIlarOIIOB C KOpHHMH Ha nIIaBHbIC'

(Irpynna). , ..

8. *r7,v~, "rwet«: PYCCK. P8Y, peeuis (cp. AP'-jlYCCK. part. praes. act. nom. pl. PBOYrp~ llYA., 173), yKp. (Ope;. (i)p8eUl; 6errop. (i)p8Y,

(i)p8CUI (CM. Iaauryurs 49-50); CXpB. p8eM ce '60pIOCb', qaK.-KaHK. XVIIB.

. , \ \ , (R d

(Kpascauas) PBeM, £PBCM, 06epBeM (I'p. 190); cnosea. AHaJI. rvem a

68, c. 14: rv~m, rves itd. ).

9. *pjjj~, *P(}j~tb: Ap.-pyCCK. noi6 (llYA. 1141) (cp. rrpJfq. nOIO/rpe ib., 1264, nOlorp~ ib., 1313) - OKCHTOHJfpOBaHHbIH sapaaar 4;0PMbI-3HKrrJfHOMCHa, CM. B 60JIce n03AHHX rexcrax, aanp, Ilc. N° 62: noio 62a, 756,153a, 154a, 1786, a n610 l1a, 596, 121a; socnoro 66, l1a, 62a, bis, 108a, 1136, 121 a, 147a, 153a, i1 BocnolO 256, socnoio u\ 21 a, 216 ~ Bocno~r" (3 pl)

, ,

67a (raioxe np" HarrHqHH OKCJfTOHHpOBaHHblx eapaanroa: noio 256, socnoro

188a, H nocnojo 6a, na nOlbm 183a, raxxce C AByMR 3HaKaMH YAapeHHR BocnoID 596), 06 JHKJIHHOMHqHOCTH 1 fl. CA.q. CBHAcrcIIbcrBycr OrKpbITbIH o B naMRTHHKax KaMOpHOH: opoorparpaa: nolO (Ilcanr. 106, 156, 33a, 1996, CM. Bacnnsea, 47), cosp. pyCCK. now, noeuis; IOro-3anaAHopYCCK. XVII B. nolo (rpCM. P46) l1 C pacnpocrpaneaaesr B npC3CHC OCHOBbI HH<pl1Hl1rl1Ba ntib (rpCM P46) - a coup. yxp. (rpHHqCHKO) nansaeiiuree nsrpaauasanae K 06bIqHOH axueuronxe Mop<POHorrOrl1qeCKOrO rana: nilo, meUl; Cp.-60Hr. (MaKeA.?) nolO (0 nHCbM. 29a) , noers (ib. 706), noerce (ib., 71a), noeMb (1 pl., ib., 236,636), HC nomrb (ib., 416), (nocr.)

iI noH.Tb (ITc. Kanp. 55a), BbcnotTb (ib., 55a), (aan.) no~rS (He. CHP, I 03a); COBp. fiortr. B )TOH <pOpMC OCHOBa orxrevaerca, nO-BI1,n:HMOMY, II!1Wb B 3anaAH060nrapCKI1X roaopax: (rOpHO IlOIIC) nOCM; B 60IIbWJfHCrBe BOCrOqH060rrrapCKI1X rOBopOB Jf B HopMaHlBHOM 60JIrapCKOM OCHOBa

46

rrpesenca nepecrpoeaa no OCHOBe HH<pHHHTI1Ba, npa 3rOM pacnpeneneune apXaHqCCKOH aKueHrOBKH Jf aKueHrHOH HHHOBaUHl1, nO-Bl1AHMoMy, ro xce, sro B HCKOHHbIX npesearnsrx OCHOBax aa -i- l1 .s.. AHaJI. (fianar.] neue, neue (3 sg.), "neU~ T (3 pl.), - B rOBope, Wysok~ ,rrcpcXOA B a-CrrpJDKCHHe, C xapaxrepaon MR nero aKueHTOBKoH p'iijam, pcB 'czytam, ucz<t sie' (B HOpM. 60rrr. B coorsercraaa C BbIweCKa3aHHbIM BrOpH'lHaR 6apHroHc3a: ne«, neeui, y I'eposa no~, noeiu« axuearonxa crreztyer arcnenry rrepecrpoeauoir <P0PMhI); cxps. AMaH. (KOCOBO-Mcrox.) noj~ Jf noie», 3 sg (ce) nOje, 3 pl. (ce) noj;, nojy, 3anojCM, y BYKa nOjeM, 3anojeM 6e3 noKaIIJf3aUHH (B HopMarHBHoM rtpaaara, nO-BHAMMOMY, aKUCHrOBKa n'OjeM,

B coorsercrsaa C 06mcH rCH,n:eHUHeH 6apHroHHpOBaHl1R rrraronoa C KOpHCBbIMl1 -0-, -e- Jf COHOPHOH (HewYMHoH) <pHHarrblO KOpHR); qal<.-KaH:K. XVIIB. (~pH)f(aHHq) IlOJ~M (rp. 892, 981,214), B03noJeM (rp. 214); crrOBCH. potem (c o rraayrsrra YAapeHHeM - OrKpbITbIH -0-), I pI. pojemo, (orraayroe ynapeane - OrKpbITbIH e), 3 pl. poj~.

10. *s[;]v9' *slolJf:!b: cr.-pYCCK. XVII B. crr OB en, (PaTH. 326), cnoner! (lb., 24a) , HJf CrrOB~Tb (ib., 136, 14a) , COBp. PYCCK. Cllb18Y, CIlbl8tUlb

(c BbIpaBHHBaHHCM BOKaJIH3Ma no BOKaJIH3MY l-npJ1qacrHH); qaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (l5pH)f(aHl{q) CrrOBeM (fp. 872, 212), IlpocrroBeM (rp., 212); CJIOBCH. slovem (ornrnyroe ynapeane , ycraaaanaaaerca no orxpsrrosry -0-).

II * 1\\ * I ' ( ,

. p oV9" p ovets: PYCCK. AHan. Torsxsa) ptovu (135), PYCCK. mrrep.

,.. '"

1lJlbI8Y, nnueetus, yKp. 1lJlU8Y, nnueeui (BoKarrJf3M asrpaanen no orna-

COBKe l-npHlIacTHH, cp. ysce B XVII B. ITJlblB~ (rpCM P46) 4 2; CXpB. (craPfIH peraonansusra) pl6vem (Skok); qaK-KaHK. XVII B. ~KpJf)f(aHHq) Ilnoaesr (Tp. 872, 212), B03ITJlOBeM (I'p. 212); cnonea. plovem (c orrJIHyrbIM YAapeHHeM, qro noxaasrsaer OrKpbITbIH -0-).

12 *t. \\ * '

. rovr;, trovets: aoccraaaanaaaercs aa OCHOBaHHJf CXpB. naan, (KO-

C~Bo-Mcrox.) Tp082M(ce) npn 3aKoHoMepHoM (CM. BbIWC) aapaanre Tpyje.M lln'R npesnocra OCHOBbI cp. cr.cnas. HarpoB%, Ap.-pyCCK. rposoy H nOA.

13 * \\ * , " , . ,

,. ro~2' rovets: PYCCK. peey, peeetus; YKp. peey, peeetu; fionr.

peea, peeeus, ~H.:m' (6aH~T.) pees, PC8~ (3 sg.), (Wysoka) riwe (3 sg.); CXPB. Alian. peeeu (BYK. no jyroa. xp.}; crrOBCH. rjovem (c oTTRHyrbIM ynapenaexr, sro AOKa3bIBaerCR OrKpbITbIM xapaxrepoxs 0). Haonaponannon ocraerca <popMa CJIOBCH. AJfaJI. 1jvem (Ple t , C CCbmKOH Ha Valj.) . ITcpBOHaqamHO pacrrpenenenne ornaconox B cr-enae. qepe3 u-cnaa. prom ~ POBX,

B n;anbHcHweM npOHCXOAlirrH BblpaBHHBaHHR.

14 *k" *k'

. ov'i, ovets: soccranaanasaerca na OCHOBaHHH coorsercrana:

60 " ( "\

n~. KOBa, KOBeUl, AHan., 6aHar.), ,KY80, 3aKY80, yKy80, Ky8e (3 sg.),

f(Y8oT (3 pl.), (Wysoka) kowa, kuves, sa kuvat (3 pl.); CXpB. naan, (KO-

COBO \ A ~ ,.,

R"n -Merox~\. KOBeM, K08eUl), K08e (np~ 3aKOHOMepHO 6apHrOHJfpOBaHHOM

""-t'HaHre xyje«, CM. BbIlilC , (BYK) K08eM (no HCr. xp.}; CJIOBeH. AJfaJI. (yrop.-cnOBeH.) kovem (? = kov~m) (Plet.). Her peurarensnsrx OCHOBaHJfH ~HI npJfHRrHR BrOpH'lHOCrH 3THX <jJ0PM: revaraxecxae OCHOBbI aroro porta laCB

lI:,U;ercIIbcrBoBaHbI B fionrapcxora R3bIKC co crapocnaaaacxoro nepaona:

~ pl. KOBe2~b (Kocsxra 5320), crp. npHlI. aacr. ap. KOBOMa (gen. sg.m.; u;ynp. I~I ), B ct-cepficx. praes. 3 sg. KOBC 3.49; cp. raxxce PYCCK. K·-cnaB. imper. 2 sg. CblKOBH Ycn. c6. 207a 25-26. He3aBHCJfMO or OIICH~HbIX <POPM B 3ana.Al!OCIIaBRHCKHX R3blKax, 60IIrapCKJfe,IO)f(HO"s

01MO)f{HO. 'no 3/lCCb lla6mo/l3CTcH KOHTaMHHaUHH nnvx paam.ix xcpacn.

lllTOKaBCKHe H CnOBeHCKHe CPOpMbI mnuaror HaC OCHOBaHHH MH OTKa3a OT PCKOHCTPYKUHll arcro npacnaaaacxoro THIIa.

15. *snovCj' "snovets: cp.fiorrr. (MaKeA.?) OCHOB(hce (0 nHCbM. 44a) , 60Hr. CIt06a, cnoeeui, Allan. (6aHaT.) CItY6t, ltaCItY67" Clty6~ (3 sg.), (Wysoka) sn6wa, snuv~~; CXpB. naan. (xocoso-xrerox.) CH08CM, 3 sg. CH08e.

j{ nOH OCHOBe OTHOCllTCH CKa3aHHoe 0 npensmyuiea.

i 6. *~7v~, *:tivetb: AP-PYCCK. )I(~BOY (qYA., 1224, bis), )I(~B~ (ib., 493), )l(!fBY (ib., 442), )!(HBelllH (ib., 1223), )!(llIBCTC (ib., 622), 3HKnllHOMH'IHo.:rb CPOpMbI 1 IT. rrop;TBep)l(AaeTCH H 60nee n03AHliMli rraMHTHHKaM ; COBp. )YCCK. »cuey, JlCUaifLUb, roro-sanannopyccx. XVI-XVII BB. )!(llBM (IIEep. 1582), nO)l(llB~TI (ITEep. 581), yxp. JlCU8Y, JlCU8CLU; cp .-60nr. (MaKeA.?) ;<-.4BI5' (0 nacsr-r., 476), )!(HB(h'66 (ib., 55a), H nO)l(HB~Te (ib., 9a), (BOCT.) :OKllBt;UIll (ITc. Kanp. 186), )l(HBin (ib .. 57a) ,(3an.) n6)1(llB:t. (Me. Clip. 108a) ,

'I '" (ib /. ' ,

ilO,'KllBII\ 1 ., 108a), JIGIBelllll (Ib., 34a) , )l(llBelIillt (ib., 34a) , )I(lIB~TO (ib.,336),

b COBp. 60m. rnaron nepecrpoea, cr-cepficx. (EB.-arrp.N°7364) ~BOY 2726,

fi O)!(lIB~Tb 84a, CXpB. Allan. (BOCT.-'IepHOropCK.) JlCuey (3 pl.), (BYK) JlCUee»: (rro aan. xp.) (CM. TaK)I(e Bynaroaa, c. 16611 172), cea-sax. (HOBll) i;v/n. ,zlv£ls. :tlve, ~fvem~, zIvete, ~Ivu; 1.JllK.-KaHK. XVII B. (Kpll)l(aHlI'l) )Kif"eM (Tp. 872,212), Y)I(HBeM (I'p, 212); 1O)I(.-KaHK. (XVII B.) fivU (3 pl., Pctr. 249); 'eB.-KaiiK. (XVI B., Ileprounrs] siuii (~ff~ivu, 3 pl.; 42i1) , cno"·~H. Hvem (c OTTHHYTblP.i YAapeHHeM), 3 VI. 1iv~, yrop.-CJIOBeH. (Banasen) :iv~in (Rad 63, c. 52).

[7. *pelv~. "pelvet»: yKp. ()KenexoBcKlIH) nOIl08Y, nOIl06eLU; 60m.

/ / ( . )

";iTep. nneen, nIle~uLU n~pexoA B I-C~pH)!(eHlle , TOT )!(e npouecc B nnarrex-

rax: (6aHaT.) nnees, nneeuu (1 pl.), aKueHTHblii ran COXpaHHJ1CH; CXpB. 1~1l811. (BYK) flJ1ujceeM (jyxc.}, (KOCOBO-MeTOX.) TOJ1bKO B 3 pl. rrneBY, B OClamHbIX rpopraax nepeuren B i-CnpH)I(eHlle, (cr.erepaoropcx.) nnuieee»

,> Ieunncan )67), -- B HopMaTllBHoM nepellle!l B i-cnpazceaae; cea-nax. (HO"H) pllven, Hap HAY C nepecrpoeaasrvr plfjln; 'laK-KaHK. XVII B. (KpnJI;alllf'l) IlJIHBeM (r}.L 872, 212), Onnfisera (rp., 212)43, cnonen. ph/vem

.' ITTHHYTbIM YJJ,apeHlIeM: npa nepBH'lHOM aKYTe KOpHH nepBll'lHOe HaKO;lnoe ynapeaac nano 6bI "HOBbIH n;llpKYM<pneKc"). IIo-Blf,lJ,lIMoMY, HeT ocd ) "aHlIl1 A-T1Jl peKoHcTpYKu;HH npacnaaancxoro aapnaara OCHOBbI *pelj9, ·"ji!jetb. B BOCTO'lHOCnaBHHCKOM llH<j:>llHlITllBHaH OCHOBa npoananasaponan-rcro rnarona 3aKoHoMcPHO nana polo-, COB nan BO scex CBOHX <j:>opMax C ·,)(:;.()8011 01' KOpHH pol- 'rpacra, BeHTh', peaynsrarov KOHTaMHHau;HH C KO<,uyOH cnCUYCT, nO-BHAliMOMY, C'IHTaTb <pOHeTlI'lCCKli He3aKOHOMepHbIH npeJC,!C polif' p6lietb, cp. llpaBUJIbHOC pasmrrae B "moloti - me/je, meljet», ;)bt,I'IHaJ! CChIJIKa )J,JIH 06bRCHCHliH "poljo. "poljets na 3anaAHOCnaBHHCKHC

,6CHHO nexxrcxae) cpaKTbI 01ll1l60'lHa, TaK KaK ncropauecxa nepaona'i:\!; ~j{3 B JTT1X H3hIKax 41OpM3 npeaenca, BOCXOAHlIJ;aR K OCHOBe *pelve-: .:1p '!elllCK. plewu, CT,-nOllbCK. plewe ,

[8. *hl;iij~. * bljuj~tI): ]TOT rnaron CCMaHTlI'leCKH H no ¢opMe TeCHO d3Jnal-( c m31'C'JIO'1\1 *r'!ji7j~" plj{[jetb, II B 60JIblllllHCTBC 3aq,HKclipoBaHHblx

. ";i(liHHbIX CllCTCM HX aKUCW'COBKa TO)l(ACCTBeHHa: 06a rnarona I10Ka3bIto:iIOT 'lJIM P"¢'1<?KC a.u. c: coup. PYCCK. nIllOlb, nIllOiiUb - 6J1fO!b, 6.n1O~Wb;

"'10. 'ITO PC4b l1,rr<'T 11lV'''HHO 06 nOM rnarone, acao no xapax rcpy <\lOPM (crpan, Jl!'l1'laCTI1j{") ua (:.1>72

48

1

yxp. 611100, 6111O/LU - nIllOW, nil 10 CLU; [neacaa a.II. 60nr. Allan. (c. CbH'1aHnU, 3an. cI>paKHH) 6J1 YUb U3-3a OTCYTCTBliH llHcpopMan;llll 06 ynapenaa npyrnx nau (1 sg. B rOB ope scerna Ha'laJ1bHOYJJ,apHO)]; CXpB. Allan. (nocascx.; apxaasecrcaa cacrexra) b/ujem « *blujem) - p!ujem « p!ujem, 'lTO TaK)I(C orraeseno) Rad, 196, C. 87; llnll pedinexc a.n. a: 'laK.-KaHK. XVII Bi (Kpll)!(aHH'I{ EJIblS'JeM (rp'l 851, 190), J36J1b~JeM (rp. 190)-

~ IT~b~Je~1. (r~. 85 , 190), ITonmh'JeM (rp. 190); ~~HK. (EeA~) *bl/yTam pliyjam, ra ~e caryauaa B Ilparopse, rne *b!u}em - *Pj ujem, HO Ta~ B HCnOABH)I(HbIll ran nepeuren II rnaron k!uvati (npes, kf~jem), KOTOpbIll B ECAHe coxpanaer a.n. C B npeseace (kljeyfom), XOTH ocransnsre <j:>OPMbI nnyr no HCnO)J;Bll)I(HOMY aKU. rany. TaKliM 06pa30M, ecna acxrno'lHTb cacrexrsr urroxascxoro rana, nornrocrsro YCTpaHllBllllle a.n, C 113 nepBH'lHbIX rrraronoa aa -ovati H ynonoeasurae HX aKn;CHTOnOrH'leCKH axuearHOMY rany npoaas. rnarorron na -ovati, Mbl llMceM BOCTO'lHOCnaBHHCKlie cacresru, npOBOAHlIJ;lIe Y scex nenpoasn. rnaronos na -oeatu a.I1. c, 0 KOTOPbIX 113BCCTHO, OAHaKO, 'ITO B ApeBHOCTll, BO BCHKOM crrysae, nsa rnaro-. na - coears H nneears - 6bIJIli HCI10ABll)I(HOrO axnearnoro rnna (0 rnaro~e tineears HaAC)I(Hble nanasre OTCYTCtBYfOT), II KaHKaBCKlie II 'IaKaBCKOKaHKaBCKYfO CliCTeMY Kpll)l(aHll'la C Hanll'lHeM npOTHBonOCTaBneHlIH a.n. a

H C, HO, nO-BliAliMOMY, C teHACHll,HCH pacumpenaa nenonmosuoro axnenrHor_o rana (rnaron kljujets nepeXO)],HT B HenOABll)I(HbIH ran}, I'naron bljevatt B nax cnenyer TOH )l(C aKn;eHTOBKe, 'ITO II pljevati (r.e. a.n, a), HO 31'0T <j:>aKT cornacosaaaa llX aKUCHTOBOK MO)l(eT 6bITb naurs pe3ynhTaToM roro, 'lTO ona COCTaBnJlfOT ecrecrseaayio napy (cp. HOBYfO nonsrrxy asrBep;eHHH lIX H3 onnoro KOpHH - 3CC5I, asm. 2,c. 140-141). IT031'0MY Oonee yfieziarerrsno noxasanae rcaiixascxoro rosopa Banasua B cacreste KO}OpOro bljevat~ naer perpnexc a.n. C, a pljevati coxpaHHeT' a.n. a: KaHK. blufe (3 sg., VaIJ.,Rad 67, c. 85) -npll pj{1ju II p/uju (3 pl., ib., c. 89), cp, T~~)I(e npyrae rrraronsr na -u- B xopne: a.n. a-I. cujem II l!lljem,

2. psule /3 sg.), 3. §tUje (3 sg.), stUju (3 pl.), 4. -uje II -uje (3 sg.); a.n.

e: 1. plufe (= plove), a TaK)I(e npyrae TllIlbI rnaronoa, npliBoAliMbIC BanHBu,eM )J;JIJI mrreprrperauaa aKn;eHTOBOK crapsrx TeKCToa.

19 *kl"'" *kl"\ / '

. fUfc;, tutet»: PYCCK. HOpM. XIX B. tauoto, KlllOCLUb (CM. Eyna-

XOBCKHH PJ151rrIT XIX B., c. 212, cp. TaK)I(C BopOHn;OBa, C. 202), naxopeaHoe ynapenne ncrperanocs mnus y Konsuona II OTHOCliTCH K BnllHHllfO 10)1(HOPyccl}oii cacresn,r}; '1aK.-KaHK. XVII B. Knb8JeM (I'p. 190) (npn sapaaare I<nb~JeM I'p, 851, eCTeCTBeHHOM BBll)],y BnHHHllH pll<j:>MyrolIJ;eHCH rpyrmsr}; ceB,·KauK. (ECARH) kljeyjilm. CeB.-KaHK. (Ilparopse) k!ujem CJIeAyeT C'IliTaTb pe3Y~bTaTOM BnllHHllH 6apliTOHlipOBaHHOH rpYIlnbl Pll<j:>MYfOlIJ;llXCH OCHOB -(_·p/ujem, *bjujem).

20. *kujf{, *kUj~tb: PYCCK. HOpM XIX B. KYW, KyfLUb (CM. Bynaxoscxaa ~p.Hnn XIX B., c. 212, cp. TaK)I(e BopOHn;OBa, C. 202-203), naxopenaoe ~peHHe scrperxnccs nmus y Konsuona II OTHOCliTCH K BnllRHHfO fO)I(HO~~KOH ~~cTeMbI; cea.orax. (HOBll) kiijen, kiije's, kiijemD, kuje_m:J, k~ju, 8516) kujin (Rad 118, 44), 'laK-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'l) K~JeM (rp .

, 1~1), K~J~MCC (rp. 722) npa HeHCHOM sapaanre OK~JeM (rp. 191); ~;~"l<aJ.iK. (XVI B." Ileprounor) kuHu (3 pl., ~ *kuju; 226), (EeAHH) *key-

, (Ilparopse) kujem (Rad 118, 100; OTTHHYTOC YAapeHllc 0TJ111'laetCH B

43TOM ManeKTe OT COKpalIJ;eHHOrO ynapeana rpynnsr rnarorros 3TO~0 rana a.rr.a) . . laiC 136

49

21. *snuj~, *snuj~tb: PYCCK. HOpM. XIX B. CHY'&, cHyiwb (CM. nsnne); cea-xax. (HoBH) sn~jen, snujem'D (HO na Pa6e yzce nepexon B HenollBH)f{HblH ran: snujen..:. Rad 118, 44), 'laK:KaHK. XVII B. (KpH~a~H'I) CH~JeM

(Tp, 191), OCH~JeM (Tp. 191); ceB.-KaHK. (Benna) *sneYlam. ~

22. *t,uj<;. *trujetb: BOCCTaHaBrrHBaeTCH na OCHOBam1H ~oKa3aHHH 'IaK.KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) Tp8JeM (fp. 851, 191), OTp~JeM (fp. 191)

H ceB.-KaHK. (Ilparopse] "otruiem (Rad 118, 100; OTTHHYToe yaapeaae, OTnH'laeTCH B )TOM AlianeKTe OT coxpamemroro ynapeana rpynnsr rrraronOB 310ro rana C a.n. a}. EapHTOHe3a npeaenca aroro rrrarorra B xaxanCKHX rosopax (CM. HOBH trl1j{i (3 pl.), Cycax otrujen HDZbI, c.126,Pa6 otriijen Rad 118, 44), nO-BHAHMOMY, 06bHcHHeTcH BrrHHHHeM rpynnsi npoH3BOAHbIX rnaronos na -ov-l-ev- C neaaxopeaaoa aKlI,eHTOBKoH.

23. *Hijr;, *zujetb: BOCCTaHaBnHBaeTCH na OCHOBaHHH PYCCK. HOpM. XIXB.

JlCy,o, JlCyewb (Ilyunom: »cyer, JlCy,oT CRII I, 777) H IOrO-3anaAHOpY,cCK. , XVI-XVII BB. )f(({{O (fp. rp., H4a) , 3)1(M{O (Tp.rp., H4a) , yxp, JlCYIO, »cyeui. IO)I(HopyccK .. naan. JlCYIO, JlCyewb (CM. asnue npasrepsr H3 naan . .IleYJIHHo) cnenyer OObHCHHTb BXO)l()J,eHHeM aroro rnarorra B rpynny rrraronoa na -oearsf-eears H yno)J,06neHHeM HX IO)I(HOPYCCKOMY y)J,apeHHIO. Xapaxrepao coxpanenae B Ileynano aapaanra a.n, c: JlCYUYT' (Bpoxotea=Bynaroaa 434). IIpacnaBHHcKHH xapaKTep OCHOBbI, nO-BH)J,HMOMY, norrrsepxnaerca HarrH'lHeM

ee BO acex rpex rpyrmax crraBHHCKHX H3bIKOB: IO)I(HOCrraB. - CT.-CJIaB. )l(0YI-€Tb (Hoana 3K3apx), cepocx-uepxoanocnaa. )l(YIO (<p0pMa?),3an.-crraB. - Ap.-'leillcK.

v . v . • • '" .

ZUlU, CnOBalI,K. zurem, nonscx. zUJ~, B.-J1Y)l(. ZUlU.

24. *rl1j~, "ruiet»: cnosen. rujem 0I)a3bIBaeTCH B COOTBeTCTBHH C conocrasneHHHMH, npHBe)J,eHHbIMH nsnne (c. 34-35) ,HeperreBaHTHbIM)l,J1H YCTaHoBneHHH aKlI,eHTHOro rana 3TOH OCHOBbI. AKlI,eHTOBKa ero B naanexrax, coxpanasurax xpancocrs B HenOCJIe)J,HHX cnorax, HaM HeH3BeCTHa. TaKHM 06pa30M, peKOHCTPYKlI,HH axuenrnoro rana :nOH OCHOBbI HBrrHeTCH peayns rarosr axcrpanonHlI,HH axnearaoro rnna aenpeaearasrx <POPM H a.n. napnoro rnarona.

25. *Iijp, *Iejetb: cp-tionr. (MaKeA.?) nporr'te' (~nHcbM:~ 71a), v~pon'tilTce (ib., 2476), COBp. oom. naan, (Gaaar.) , neu s, saneuz, U3Jteu~, HaJleU~, nYJleu~, pa3JleU1" pa3JleUe (3 sg.), B nareparypnosr H B ueurpansHbIX roaopax, KaK H BO scex nO)J,ooHbIX cnysaax, nepexon B fiaparomrpoBaHHbIH run; CXpB. Alian. (Kpec) lejem, B cea-xax. (HoB H) H y KpH)f{aHH'la 3Ta OCHOBa HeOTJIH'lHMa OT OCHOBbI lije-; 1O)f(.-KaHK. (Tpefiapeso) naleju

(3 pI., Zb. 3, 61}, razleju (3 pI., Zb. 3, 70, 222), zleiu (3 pI., Zb. 3,222), zaleja (3 pl., Zb. 3, 98), ceB.-KaHK. (Ee)J,IDl) *Iie/am; yrop-cnoaea. (Bansaeu) leNm (Rad 67, c. 83). Heacna axuenrosxa KaHK. Banaaua Ifief H r.n. (Rad 67, c. 89) - ocofieanoe pa3BHTHe B nuanexre Banasna (CM. HH)I(e, c.62) HnH peayrrs rar 01IlH60'fHOH unrepnperauan MaTepHana crapsix reKcroB_? OlIlHOO'IHOCTb TaKOH HHTepnpeTalI,HJ1 )J,JIH srarepaana H3 reKCTOB 1. Gasparoti O'leBH)J,Ha, 3TOT rrrarorr y H. Gasparoti OTHOCHTCH K nO)J,BH)l(HOMY axu, THny (a.n. c, cpo XOTH 6bI CTpaA. npas, or Hero f. oblejdna gasp. 1406,1658, n.oblejdno gasp. 1913, pl. oblejdni gasp. 1726, zalejdne gasp. 1792 (Rad 118, c. 201), 3TOT)I(e aKlI,eHTHbIH ran coxparranca B PO)J,HOM roaope

H. Casparoti, rosope CaM060pa, BIIJIOTb QO 1914 r.: cp. zalejdla (f. nom., l-parL;Zb. 19,53).

26. *sm~i9 (s~), *smetetb 33a). COBp. PYCCK. CMeIOCb,

(se): cr.-pYCCK. XVII B. nocM't !IDTeR- (PaTH.,

/ '.' 6

cueeuucs; yxp. CMiIOCJl, csuetac«; cp.- om.

c;n

(aan.) c~ leTch\. (He. CHp. 1~39a), COBp. fionr , naan, (fianar.]. cMeub ce, cpo raxsce B apxaav. <ppaKHHcKHX naanexrax (Opeunru«) CMeU'bCe, cueeiuce (f5), a raxxce aan-fiorrr naan. (noMcKo-BHAHHCK.) cMeibT fbP BA CMelY An. ~)J,., cMdT Pa3. Max. flM. (3 pl., TOAOPOB, c. 348), npa cMee:\1e c~ CMp. BA (lb., ~. 348) , 'lTO~ ?O-BHAHMOMY, B peaynsrare CrH)f(eHHH; (Hoso-Ceno) UCM'beM cs, cscsuei« Co, 2 sg. Co CM'bUeW, 3 sg. cs CM'bUe

(C. 279); B Hop~amBHoM 60mapCKoM H B lI,eHrpanbHbIX 60mapcKHx ro-

BOP~X 06br'lHb\H._ B 310M rane nepexon B 6apHroHHpoBaHHbIH aKlI,eHrHbIH r~: .. CXpB. CMe]eM. ce '(KOCOBO-Memx~ cMej~ ce, 3 sg. cMeje ce, 3 pJ CMelY My ce (Erre30B~~), (cr.-'I:_~HoropCK.~ CMi7jeM ce (I]elIlHKaH, 279); cea-xax. (HoB H) smuen se, smlJe§, smTjemo, smijem3, smijU, (Pa6) smiiin

se (Rad 118~ 44); 'laK .-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)f(aHH'I) CMHJeM ce (I'p 841

200~ , _OCMHJeM" (fp. 200), IIpocMHJ~M ~e (fp. 200), ce CMHJ~ill cf'p. '

175), 1O)f(.-KaHK. (Tpe6apeBo) se smejii (3 pl.' Zb 3 102) ....

(3 L: Zb 3 9 ) , ., , se ... smeju

* P,:' . , 4, 222 ; ceB.-KaHK. (EeAlU!.) *smiejam sa, (ilpHropbe)

smejem se (Rad 118, 100; OTTHHyroe YMpeHHe, HCKOHHJ:jJH axyr na xopne naer B a,aHHOM rOB ope "HOBbIH lI,HPKYM<pneKc")j cnoseu. sm{jem se (c n~peHeC:HHbIM YAapeHHeM - HaKopeHHOH axyr nan 6bI B )J,a~HOM cnysae HOBbIH lI,HpKYM<pneKc"), 3 pl. (se) smeji (Rad 67 c 74)yropcK~-cJ}.?Be~. (~anHBelI,) smejfm (se) (Rad 6J, C. 84). ,. ,

27. b/~W, b/~/etb; PYCCK. nHrep. 6Jle,o, tiaeeuu. (Cnosapa 1794 r

1847 r., 1948 r. H cnoaaps YlIlaKoBa - CM Kiparsky 292) .,

, I ,. - cOBpeMeH-

H~. ~~pMa 6JlelO, 6JleeWb RBHO sropasrra, cpo raxxce naan, (MBOHHHO)

hi e~ut _/EpOK f3M, 41), (Cnac-.IleMHHcKOe) bl'iiUt' (ib., 117); CPHf

3: 6JleeWb (c ., npHMepa~~ H3 CMoneHCK. H KOcrPOMCK. rOBopoB), (IIcK. OM. cn.) 6JleeT(b), 6nee; IOro-3anaAHopycCK. XVI-XVII BB. 6nero (fpCM. H8~, P46)-a.n. C HnH rax )f(e, KaK H COBp. YKp. (fpHH'IeHKO) 6Jli,o {jllltW," "rrepeXOAHaR" a.n, b; 6errop. 6JlR.Rl{b (?; E.-p.en. H P.-6.cn,),(ne~e:O~bLH aKp. rH~ npe)J,craBrrRer, nO-BH)J,HMOMY, H PYCCK. [IIpe06pa)f(eH-

lorn] 6JlelO, 6JleeWb); CXpB. 6Jlejiut C nepeXO)J,OM B i-CnpR)f(eHHe HO C COxpaHeHHeM a.n.; ro )f(e B cea.orax. (HoBH) blej] (3 sg.) ; 'IaK.-~aHx. XVII B. (KpH)f(aHH'l) EneJeM (fp. 841 199) B036nejeM (? fp 199)' CJIOBeH bilj ( ".,. ,

. r em OTTHHyroe ynapenae, crapoe aKyrOBoe ynapeaae aa KOp-

He< lJ,a:o 6bl "HOBbIH llHpKYM<prreKc", H3MeHeHHe xapaxrepa rnacaoro

~ n ~ cBH3aHo, nO-BH)J,HMO~y, C )J,ecKpHnrHBHbIM xapaKrepoM OCHOBbI. Ie •• ~ 3aMeHeHa 6apHToHe3~H, nO-BHAHMOMY, BO BceH 6pnrapcKoH R3bIr OB.oH 06nacTH: narep. 6Jl~R, 6Jliew, naan, (tianar.) 6Jleu (3 sg.) (6a H-

ICOHe)3a) '~SHxTHMaHcK.) 6Jlee, (3 sg,) (E.Il III, 40) (Cb'laHnH 3an !pa-

iUl 6Jleuo 6 ,I ~ 3 " , . 'V

(B REP I ,'Jlauo, sg. 6Jlee (E)l VI, 10). Heacen HCrO'lHHK 6Jlell

06.n ' 56). Eorree YCroH'lHBOif OKa3anaCb a.rr. C B Bocro'lHOCnaBHHcKOH

rep;CTH, OHa coxpaHHnaCb, nO-BHAHMOMY, aa ceaepaon H 3an~HOH 'laCTH HOii~~OPHH pyccxoro R3bIKa, a AO nocne)J,Hero BpeMeHH _ H B rnrreparyplJ.lfllJIe psre, B 6enopYCCKOM R3bIKe; B03MO)I(H0, norepana B IO)f(HOPYCCKHX 001Jt.d;r__ax (3anHCH OTCYTcrBYlOr?), cp. Kiparsky, C. 292. qacm'IHo HJIH napan.H~:;~CTblO norepJlli~ B YKpaHHcKOM H3bIKe, Hap RAY co CMewaHHOH 61leiie 6 ,;:. npHBeAeHHo~ asnue, cp, fpHH'leHKO 6Jl(!10 6Jlei'lU naan (60ifK) Hl1e~ in aue (1 sg.), 6Jl 'duyr, 6Jl 'fUYT (3 pl.) (CnaBHH~KaR ne~cHKo;pa<pHR .

CHKonorHH. M., 1966, C. 821).

28. *dJjo *d'\ . '. , ~

l"' aiets. )J,P·-PyCCK. nato (qYA., 491), nato aa- (ib., 492),

. , 34 3 ) \,.. (? 41 ) A ' A .r

naere- {qyn., 2 ,29 ,npenaeTb ., qyn., 2 ; COBp. oato, oaeuus;

IOro-3ananHOpYCCK. XVI-XVII B. naio (fp3H3. 56a, IIEep. 61, 921),

He na~ (IIEep. 1232), Bblna~ (ib., 921), nonajo (ib., 921), IIpenalo

(ib., 921), 3ana~ (ib., 801, 691), nonaers (fp3H3., I1a), BblnaIDT'b (fp3H3., 26), yxp, oai6, oaeiu; ct-cepfi. (Es.-anp. N° 7364) nalO 223a, 271a, 273a, bis; np-tnalO 288a; nacre 1566, COBp. CXpB. oajbf, C xapaicTepHblM OTTHrHBaHHeM ynapenaa B npHCTaBO'lHbIX <popMax: oOoajeM, 30- oajh.t, nooajh.t, npeoajeM, npuoajh.t, npooajeM, pC13oajh.t, yolijbt, aapaanr OQjeM H3BJJelleH H3 npHCTaBO'lHbIX <POpM; nocas. dajem, proddiem - c COxpaaeaaesi naurs sapaaara C OTTHHYTbIM ynapeaaesr (CM. Rad 196, c. 86) ; cea.otax. (HoB H) diijen, diim, daje, dajemb H dlijemo, diijJ, prodaj~~; qaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) na]eM (Tp., 841, 1402, 1662), b'n1iJeT (fp. 212),3aBnli]~T (fp. 1321), J1,a]gT (fp., 1402), .u.aeT (fp. 1411,

KaK npasiep 01llH60'lHOH oprporparpaa}, npOnli]eT (Tp. 1811); 1O)I(.-KaHK. (XVII B.) dajU (3 pl., Petr. 220, 237b, 2901», (Tpe6apeBo) prodaiii

(3 pl., Z~~ '3, 84); ceB.-KaHK. (XVI B., Ilepr ouras) daiuu (3 pl.; ";;·daju; 82,85,1071°,229), daiu (3 pl.; ...;"'daju; 3112); cnosen. ddjem (C OTTHHyTbIM ynapeaaeja) H BapHaHT dajem, coxpanmomaa nepaonanansuoe MecTO ynapenaa (CM. Rad 67, c. 71). Xapaxrepna nornraa yrpara a.n.

C H nepexon )TOH OCHOBbI B HenOnBH)I(HblH aKueHTHbIH THn B fionrapCKOM: cp.fionr. (MaKen.?) nalO (0 nHCbM. 62a) , non~1O TH (ib., 616), naelllH (ib., 636), 1 pl. naeMb (ib., 226) nae (ib., 26), He nalOTb (ib., 526), B'bnalOTb (ib., 366), nonalOTb fib., 326, 706), npbnalOTb (ib., 706);

, )') " (ib

(BOCT.) naers (Ilc. Kanp., 32a) , (3an.) H nolnaA;( l1c. CHp. 65a , H naers 1.,

93a), C!. naeTb (ib., 986), nlifch. ·(ib., 736), nonaers (ib., 576, 81a), nonaers (ib., 276), nonai (ib., 936). B cOBpeMeHHoM 60rrrapcKoM H . ero rosopax 3Ta OCHOBa, nO-BHnHMOMY, nonnocrsro yrpaxena.

29. *cfijj' *cajetb: 'IaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) q1ijeM (fp. 841, 200), IIO'la]eM (fp. 200), Ha'lajeMce (fp. 200), B03Ha'la]eMCe (fp. 200), 'Iaj8 (1 sg., I'p. VI), 'Ia]YT (3 pl., Bsm, I, 42); CXpB. nHaJI. (xocoao-xieTOX.) lJajflM (c nepexonosr B i-CnpSl)l(eHHe, HO C coxpaaeaaesr craporo axueuraoro rana): Cnensi a.n. C, nO-BHAHMOMY, MO)I(HO YCMoTpeTb TaK)I(e B CXpB. (BYK) orJijaTu, olJajiiM "despero'. Cnoseu. cQjem, nOKaJIH3yeMoe KaK BOCTO'lHOIilTHpHHcKoe (CM. Bezlaj I, 70), BXOnHT B ceaepasni crrOBeHCKOKaHKaBcKHH peraou HHHOBalJ,HH B :nOH rpyrme rnaronos, CM. HH)I(e. TaKHM 06pa30M, AJIH sananaoa 'IaCTH IO)l(HOCrraBHHCKOH H3h1KOBOH 06rraCTH

B OCHOBHOM no nHaJIeKTY 10. KpH)I(aHH'Ia BOCCTaHaBrrHBaeTCSI y naHHOH OCHOBbI rrHlllb a.n. c. BOCTOK IO)l(HOCrraBHHCKOH ofinacrn (60rrrapCKHH Sl3hIK H lllTOKaBCKHH nHaJIeKT cepficxoxopaarcxoro H3bIKa) H BOCTO'lHOCrraBHHCKHe H3hlKH IIOKa3hIBalOT a.n. a: cp-rionr. (BOCT.) 'Iaen (Ilc. Kanp. 276), (san.) U 'IaeTh (He. CHp. 94a) , li W'IaeMch. (ib., 1666), COBp. 60rrr. OTIJriR ce, otudetu ce; cr-cepfi. (Ea-anp. N° 7364) He 'IaeTb 108a, 260a, 'IaeMb 1586, bis, .meTe 1566, COBp. cep6. (BYK) lJ~jb.f (ceH'IaC ueynorpe- 6HTerrhHO), (BYK: sepaoropcxoe) O'lajeM ce; np-pyccx, He 'I£~ (3 sg., qYA. 343), CT.-PYCCK. XVII B. 'IalO (Para. 356), He 'IalO (ib., 406), H8· 'IaIOC4\. (ib., 325) " H He w'IalOcA. (ib., 336), 'IaeTb (ib., 26a), He 'I~~ (Karex, 1627 r., 896), COBp. PYCCK. lJalO, udeiu»; OTlJalOCb, OT'IdeUl"C~; IOrO-3aIIaAHopyccK. XVI-XVII BB. 'IalO (Tp.rp., n 2a). B03MO)l(HO, crapyto a.n. c orpaxcarcr np-pyccx. 'Iaer~ (2 pl., qyn. 293), 'IaKlIpe (nom. pl., ib., 52

293,791 )-. ecna )TO He orpaxeaae pHTMH'IeCKOrO ynapeuas. KOCBeHHO na IIepBH'lHylO a.II. C YKa3bIBaeT yxp, 'IaUDM 'na Kapayrre'.

30. *majc;, "majet«: 'IaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) MaJeM (Tp. 841, 200), B03MaJeM (sic?, I'p, 200); cnoaen. majem H majem (CM. Va1j.,

Rad 67, 71). T&KHM 06pa30M, MaTepHaJIhI aananaoa 'IaCTH IO)I(HOcrraBHHCKOH H3b1KOBOH ofinacrn II03BOrrJllOT BOCCTaHOBHTb AJIH naHHOfO rnarona a.n. C npeaenca. BOCTOK IO)I(HOCrraBHHcKoH Sl3hIKOBOH otinacrn (fionr-apcxmi Sl3~IK) H B?CTO'lH?CrraBHHcKHe H3hIKH IIOKa3hIBalOT a.II. a: 60rrr. 3ClMriR, sauaetu; ouas, ouaeui; PYCCK. MaIO, MaeUib 'MaXaTb', ioro-aananaopyccx. XVI-XVII B. MalO (IIEep. 622), YKp. MaIO, MaeUi. Cnensi a.n. c nannoro rnarona B BOCTO'lHOCrraBHHCKHX H3bIKax MO)l(HO YCMOTpeTb, nO-BH)lHMOMY, naurs B perrHKTOBbIX aKueHTOBKax <POPM OT HH<pHHHTHBHOH OCHOBbI Hanpusiep nOMaaB'b (AnocTO], 1564 r., 366, 41a), IIOMaaB'b )l(e (ib., 236), HO TaM )l(e yxce H H IIOMaaBb (ib., 25a).

3_1.'*hfijr;, "hajet«: 'IaK.-K:HK. XVII B. (KpH)I(aHH'I) X1i]eM (fp. 190, 200), nexajesr (fp. 200), 3aHexaJeM (fp. 200), Ilponexjljesr (fp. 200), aexajer (I'p. 1732); cnosea. htljem (c OTTHHYTbIM ynapeaaess): BOCTOK IO)I(HOC~aBHHCKOH Sl3bIKOBOH ofinacra (60rrrapcKHH H3bIK H urroxascxaii naanexr)

H BOp0'lHOCrraBHHcKHe H3bIKH noxaasisaror a.n, a: 60rrr. xds, xdeui: He xcffl. ~~xaeUl, nHaJI. (6aHaT.) x~uq, HuxauCJ; CXpB. xajeM, nHaJI. (KOCOBO:MeTOx.) , ateu, cea-sax (HoBH) hajen (c nepexonoxi aKYTa B "HOBbIH UHpKYM<prreKC'" yxp. (fpHH'IeHKO) nexdio, He xdeuc '

32. *traj~, *traj~tb: 'IaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)I(a~H'I) Tpa]eM (fp. 841); crtoaea. trt5Jem (c OTTHHYTbIM ynapenaesr; < *trajem). CeBepHoKaHKaBcKHe naanexrsr nOKa3bIBalOT a.n. a, CM. 6enHHHCKoe *trojom (?) H "trdoiam. IIoBH.!UIMOMY, 3TO - HHHOBaUHSI, ofiuiaa C BOCTO'lHOIilTHPHHCKHMH roeopasia. BOCTO'lHaH 'IaCTb IO)I(HOCrraBHHCKOH H3bIKOBOH repparopaa npOBOnHT a.n.

a: fionr. TP,f', rpdeia, nHaJI. J~aHaT.) Tp'aUq; CXpB. Tp3jbt, naan. (KOCOBOMeTOx.) tpateu, 3 sg. (se) rpaje; cea.ora-: (HoB H) trajen (C nepexonosi aKYTa B "HOBbIH UHpKYM<prreKC"), OAHaKO B aHOMaflbHOH aKueHTOBKe HH<pHHHTHBa MO)I(HO YCMOTpeTb cnena a.n. c: trdjat. B BOCTO'lHOCrraBHHCKHX H3bJI£aX OCHOBa He 3aCBHneTerrbCTBOBaHa.

Oc06bIe cnysaa

1 * If. * 1/. * ~. * '

. znaJ<j, znatets H -znaJfj, -znaiets . Marepaanu crraBHHCKHX H3bIKOB

npHBOnHT K peKoHcTpYKUHH nsyx aKueHTHbIX THnOB y rnaronos C OCHOBOH *zna-. IIpH 3TOM aafimonarorcn HBHbIe ceMaHTH'IeCKHe paanasna, CBH3aHHbIe C aKueHTOrrOrH'IeCKHMH pa3rrH'IHHMH JTHX napannensnsrx OCHOB.

* ". * If. 'I . 4 I

znato , znatets: np-pyccx. 3Ha 10 (qyn. 46 ), He 3Haw (ib. 152 261)

• ,. 4' , , ,

H 3HalO (ib., 46 ), na nosaaro (ib., 752) Ii 3H~W cA (ib 464) 3Hll..€IllH

(Ib 4 , • . ,.,..' ., rr:-.'

1,,41 ), 3Hal-€lllH na (ib., 744), 3Hal-€ (ib.; 73) He II03H~eT~ (ib 71) 3Ha~ (ib 91)* ," ." X ~Te 1., 4 , COBp. PYCCK. 3HdlO, snaeuis: IOrO-3ananHopYCCK XVI-

~II B~. Ii n031H~ (CT3H3. 186a), 3HaeTCA. (fp' rp bI 4a) yxp 3~a'lO

3Hae 6 I, "" . no ,

I UJ, errop. 3HalO, snaeui; cp-fiorrr. (sraxen.") 3HaeMb (1 pI 0 nHCbM

6a), (san.) 3HaeTb (l1c. CHp. 97a) 3HleT'b (ii, 99a) 3Ha.:tT~' (ib 626)'

60nr.3H' I (6) '\~ ." v , ., ~\

, as, snaeui, ARaJI. aaar. 3Haua(ce), 3 pI. ce suauar (HO: «asnaus

coo~y, H3Bemy', i-rrrarorr: I-part. Ha3~aUna); c'r-cepficx. (Ea-anp N° 7364) Me 3HaelllH 56, xaxo Me 3HaelllH 248a, 3HieTb (?) 2726, 3du. He nosnaera

*CM. CH. 32 aa c. 28.

53

1376, HO: rr03HaeiTe;r (7)626 (KoJIe6aHHH Y)J,apeHHH, B03MO)l(HO, !:BH3aHbI C HalJaBlllHMCH npoueccosr CTH)I(eHHH), CXpB. Il'IaJI. (nocascx.) znaju (3 pl.), OCTaJIbHble <pOPMbI nonaeprnacs CTH)I(eHI1I-O: zndm, znas, znii, zndmo, zndte (Rad 197, c. 83), ces.-vax. (HoBH) 3 pI. zna.ju, ne zndiu (c pe<pJIeKCOM "HO BOfO UHpKYM<pJIeKca"), B OCTaJIbHbIX JIHuaX CTH)I(eHHble<popMbI: zna.n, ne

" ,., ...

znan; ne pozna; znamo; B nocaacxosi H ceBepHOlJaKaBCKoM )J,HaJIeKTe CTH-

)I(eHHble <pOPMbI OTJIHlJalOTCH OT nepanxao KOHelJHo<')J,apHblx, B CXpB. lllTOK. JIHTep. 3TO OTJIHlJHe cOXpaHHJIOCb JIHlllb B 3 pI. zn'aju; KaWK. (BaJIHBeU) zna.jem (Rad 67, c. 91-92), CI.-KaWK. XVII (IO)I(H.) zn~ju (3 pI.; Petro

54, 85; rro Valj. Rad 67, C. 92) , ceB.-KaWK. (Ee)J,HH) z nduju (3 pI.,

HDZb 1 327, bis) , B OCTaJIbHbIX JIHuaX CTH)I(eHHble <P0PMbI: n'tJ znu (3 sg.; HDZb I 327), znauta (2 pI.; HDZb. 1, 328); CJIOBeH. 3 pI. zna.jo (c perpJIeKCOM "HOBOfO UHpKYM<pJIeKca"), B OCTaJIbHbIX JIHuaX CTH)I(eHHble <P0PMbI: znam, znas H I.)J,. Oc06yIO rrp06JIeMY' rrpe)J,CTaBJIHeT 06bHcHeHHe OKCHTOHHPOBaHHblX <pOPM (cocraercrsemro, pe<pJIeKCOB OKcHToHe3bI) aroro rnarona B CXpB. WTOK. B lJaK.-KaWK. XVII B. ()J,HaJIeKT Kl. KpH)I(aHHlJa) H B KaHKaBCKHX )J,HaJIeKTax. 3TO HBJIeHHe )J,OCTaTOlJHO Ha)J,e)l(HO 06bHcHHeTcH KaK BTOPHlJHO B03HHKlllee non BJIHHHHeM arexrarauecxoro CrrpH)I(eHHH rrOCJIe CTH)I(eHHH TeMamlJeCKOfO fJIaCHOfO C fJIaCHbIM KOpHH. Pasnue aransr aroro yrro)J,06JIeHHH )J,eMoHcTpHpYIOTCH aKueHTHbIMH KpHBbIMH napanar-a )J,aHHOfO rnarona B YKa3aHHbIX )J,HaJIeKTaX (CM. Ta6JI. 10).

Ta6nHu,a 10

Flpnr opr,e Itlrox. HOpM.
KpH)!(aHH'I (Rad 118, Flocancx.
c.68)
1 n. 3H~M ([p. 88',202,213) zoom znam zoom
Y3Ha"" (prfv., I'p. 202)
n03H~M (prfv., [p.213)
b n. 3HacH ([p. 88') zoos znas zoos
3 n. 3H\'icT (Tp. 88' ) ,., zoo zoo
zna
I JI. 3HaMo ([p. 88') 1 , zndmo
znamo znamo
2 n. 3HacTc (I'p. 88' ) , zndte zndte
znate
3 n. 3HaJ~l ([p. 88') I. \\.- z,u)jii
znaju znaju
3Haulh ([p. 88',97')
I B uocascxoxr CTH)I(eHHble <pOPMbI sg. praes. CBOHM HHCXO)J,HlllHM nonrorHbIM Y)J,apeHHeM OTJIHlJalOTCH OT HOBoaKYToBofO Y)J,apeHHH aTeMamlJeCKHX fJIafOJIOB, TOf)J,a KaK B WTOKaBCKOM HopMaTHBHoM, B Ilparopse H, rrO-BH)J,HMOMY, Y Kl. KpH)I(aHHlJa B CHJIY rrpe06pa30BaHHH perpnexca HOBOfO aKYTa B HHcxo)J,Hlllee )J,OJIfOe ynapeane CTH)I(eHHbIX <pOPM sg. praes. coananaer C Y)J,apeHHeM sg. praes. aTeMaTHlJeCKHX mafOJIOB, 'ITO rrpHBO)J,HT K ynonofineHHIO rrOCJIe)J,HHM H <pOPM pI. praes.: CXpB. lllTOK. HOpM. ynonotinaer 1 H 2 pl. praes., )J,HaJIeKT Ilparopsa yrro)J,06JIHeT see TpH JIHua, a )J,Ha~eKT Kl. KPH)I(aHHlJa npononar )J,orrOJIHHTeJIbHbJe MOp<pOJIOfll.lJeCKHe npeotipasoaaaaa, B XO)J,e KOTOPbIX C03)J,aeTCH ..oKCHToHHpoBaHHaH <popMa 2 sg. praes. H aropaa <popMa 3 pI. praes. (3Ha)J,~T). 1l0cJIe)J,HHH <popMa nerna B OCHOBY BTOPOH

54

napanan-nr praes. OT nannoro fJIafOJIa KaK B )J,lI.aJIeKTe Kl; KpH)I(aHlI.'Ia, TaK H B CXpB. lllTOK. HOpMaTHBHOM (Ta6JI. 11).

Ta6JII1ua 11

KpH)!(aHH'I CXpB. urrox ,
HOpM.
Sg. I Jl. 3H1i)1l:M (Fp. 88',202,213) znddem
2. n. 3Haucw ([p. 88') znddes
3 n , - -ncr ([p. 88' ) zrufde
PI. 1 n. 3HaUCM ([p. 88'), 3Hau[M ([p. 144') zmfdemo
n03HaU~M (prfv., re. 1 82' )
2. n. 3HaucT6 ([p. 88' ) znddete
~ ~ zrufdil
3 n. 3HaA~h (Tp. 88',97',144',185'), He 3Haulh (Tp.
143',144', bis)
*~3HaugT (aancxarano i prfv, [p. 168')
i 06e napanarvsr rnarona "znati KaKB CXpB. lllTOK. HOpM., TaK H B )J,HaJIeKTe Kl. KpH)I(aHHlJa HBJIHIOTCH, TaKHM 06pa30M, pe3YJIbTaTOM aHaJIOTHH napanarve rnarorra dati (cxpa. lllTOK. HOpM.: ddm, dBs, dd, ddmo, date, dadu H dddem, dades, dade, dddemo, dadete, dadu; Kl. KpH)I(aHHlJ: naM, )J,alll HJIH )J,acJ1, )J,3CT, )J,aMo, )J,acre, )J,a)J,~T H na)J,eM, )J,a)J,elll, )J,a)J,eT, )J,a)J,eMb

, ,A 1

HJIH )J,a)J,eM, nanere, )J,a)J,~T, CM. I'p. 88 ). 3Ta aHaJIOfHH, rro-BH)J,HMOMY, )J,ew-

CTBOBaJIa sepea aHaJIOfHIO npesency rnarona *vedeti (CXpB. lllTOK. HOpM. vern, ves, ve, vlrno, vlste, vedu - B nacroauiee BpeMH He yrroTpe6JIHeTCH;

Y Kl. KpH)I(aHHlJa: BlIM, CB~M, BH)J,eM, <2BH)J,eM I'p. 213, J3rr£Bt~ TH ce fp. 1621; 1 pI. HeBHMo fp. 1831, HeBDMo BbIIl. I, 56, rroBoMo BbIII. I, 55, J3rroBHMb ce I'p. 1681, r.e., OlJeBH)J,Ho, C aKueHTyaUHoHHbIMH H MOp<pOJIOfHlJeCKHMH napananaasia, TO)l()J,eCTBeHHbIMH ABYM onacaaasm napanarMaM rnarona znati).

CJIe)J,oBaTeJIbHO, see OKCHTOHHpoBaHHble <pOPMbI, BXO)J,HlllHe B sra ABe napanarso.r npeaenca fJIafOJIa znati, HBJIHIOTCH BTOPHlJHbIMH H )J,OJI)I(HbI 6bITb YCTpaHeHbI H3 cpaBHeHHH. O)J,HaKo B TeKCTax Kl. KpH)I(aHHlJa BCTpelJalOTCH HeCTH)I(eHHble <pOPMbI aroro fJIafOJIa, xoropsre aucrynasor TO C HaKopeHHbIM ynapeaaesr (1), TO C Y)J,apeHHeM aa OKOHlJaHHH (2): (1) He 3Haj~ (1 sg. praes., fp. VI, b is}, He 3HajeT (3 sg. praes., fp. 1022), zruiet (lloJI. 4, 70, 78, 83, bis, 95, 265), neznaet (lloJI. 46, 64, 78, 83 ter., 85, 103,

104, 166), nepoznaet (perfv., 1l0JI. 87), He 3H~jeM (1 pl. praes., I'p. 1021 ), neznaern (1 pI. praes, 1l0JI. 5, 51, 88, 106), Da poznaern (prfv., 1l0JI.

79, 87), znaiut (3 pI. praes., 1l0JI. 90); neznaiut (lloJI. 66, 100, bis);

(2) 3HajeM (1 sg. praes., fp. 1022), snajeur (2 sg. praes., fp. 881), He 3Hajth (BbIII. III, 46, 65), znaet (3 sg. praes, 1l0JI. 126), 3HajeM (1 pI. praes., fp., 881), snajere (2 pl. praes., BbIII. III, 21), znaete (lloJI. 201), znaefe (IIoJI. 216).

Peurenae sonpoca 06 aKueHTOJIOfHlJeCKOM craryce 3THX ¢OpM 3aBHCHT OT onpeneneaaa HX rrOJIO)l(eHHH B H3bIKe Kl. KpH)I(aHHlJa. ECJIH 3TH <pOPMbI 38HMCTBOBaHbI HM H3 PYCCKOfO H3bIKa, TO HX aaxopennoe ynapenae HBJIH- 55

eTCR orpaxenaesi PYCCKOH aKueHTOBKH, a KOHe'IHoe ynapenae rrpOHHKJlO B HHX non BnHRHHeM aKueHTOBKH BTOPOH rtapanarwsi ero ponnoro zmanexra, He HCKJIlOl{eHO, OAHaKO, 60nee CnO)f(HOe peurenae: HeCTR)f(eHHaR cpopMa B KaKOH-TO crenena (KaK permxr) 6bIJIa CBOHCTBeHHa AHaneKTY 10. KpH)f(aHH'la, B 3TOM cnyxae OHa BOCXOAHT K OKCHTOHHpOBaHHOMY BapHaHTY, asrrecHeHHOMY H3 rrpHCTaBOl{HbIX rrpOH3BO)],HbIX cpopMaMH aa -ea- (CM. HH)f(e) H

B cuny aroro connaaurero rro 3Hal{eHHIO co CTapbIM 6apHTOHHpOBaHHbIM BapHaHTOM (xapaxrepno, 'ITO OKCHTOHHpOBaHHbIH BapHaHT HeCTR)f(eHHOH CPOPMbI 3acpHKCHpOBaH naurs B 6ecrrpHCTaBOl{HOM BHAe4 4). Peurenae sroro CnO)f(HOrO nonpcca rpefiyer cneuaansnoro Hccne)],OBaHHR.

*-znajr;, *-znaj~lb. He3aBHCHMO OT peurenna nocrannennoro B npezisrnyIUeM afisaue sonpoca AnR npacnasxncxoro peKOHCTpYHpyeTcR BapHaHT OCHOBbI "znaje- C aKueHTHOH napanarwoa c. PaCCMOTpeHHaR nsnue OCHOBa "znaje- a.rr. a otipaayer B BOCTOl{HOCnaBRHCKHX R3bIKax npa npacoenane-

~ rio." ,

HHH K HeH rrpHCTaBOK xopsransaue neprpexraasr: rr03HaIO, rrpH3HaIO, Y3HaIO

H r.n . Ilns 06pa30BaHHR OT HHX HMrrepcpeKTHBOB acnonsayerca YHHKanbHbIH AJIR CHCTeMbI HMrrepcpeKTHBaUHH npnew: npacraao-ursre rnaronsi B rrpe-

sence rrepeBOARTCR B KOHel{HOYAapHbIH ran: PYCCK. n03Ha0 n03Ha~Wb' npu-

I .~ , I ,','

3HalO(Cb), npu3IjaeWb(CJl), Y3HalO, ysnaeui«; C03HalO(Cb), c03Haew(CJl); 060

3Ha,bcb, 0603HaeWbCJl; sasuatoc», 3a3HaeWbCJl; oosnaibc«, o03Ha~WbCJl H non o BOCTOl{HOCnaBRHCKOH )]'peBHOCTH aroro "npaesra" rOBopRT COOTBeTCTB YIOIUHe YKpaHHcKHe H fienopyccxae rpaxrsr: yxp. npusnaibc«, npusnahucs;

. 1'.' , , , ,

nI3HalO, nI3HaeW; Y3HalO, ysuaeui; 3a3HalO(CJl), 3a3Haew(CJl) H non.; 6e-

, , , , , ,

nop. npsisuato, npusnaeiu; nasuaio, nasuaeiu; 3a3HaIOCJl, 3a3HaeWCJl H non.

(CM. Inauryuiu.i f H 80--81). Cawa YHHKaJIbHOCTb raxoro cnocofia HMrrepcpeKTHBaUHH rOBopHT 0 TOM, 'ITO B AaHHOM cnyxae MbI HMeeM neno C cyrrrrneTHBH3MOM OCHOB4 5: neprpexrnau 06pa30BarrHCb nocpencrnoja nperpaxca-

* II. rio.

UHH OCHOBbI znajets , nxmeprpexrnau 6bIJIH 06pa30BaHbI nperpaxcaunea

~ *.,

npyroa OCHOBbI znajets TaK »ce, KaK nepdiexransr C OCHOBOH "da- 06pa30-

sanacs nocpeACTBOM nperpaxcanaa aTeMaTHl{eCKOrO rnarona "dasts , a HMnepdiexraau - rrrarona daj~tb, cp. raioxe HH)f(e *staj~tb, *dej~tb. CaMO HanHl{He rpynnsr nepaasnux TeMaTHl{eCKHX OCHOB, nperpmccanna KOTOPbIX He npaaonnna K HX nepdiexraaauaa (sonpexa 06IUeMY npasany), CBH)],eTeJIbCTByeT, nO-BHAHMOMY, 06 apXaHl{HOCTH )TOH rpynnsr. 3TO nonraepxnaeTCR (BO BCRKOM cnyuae, rro OTHOWeHHIO K pa36HpaeMOMY rnarony] npaMbIMH COOTBeTCTBHRMH B IO)f(HOCnaBRHCKHX R3bIKax, cp. ananorasnsre HMrrep,cpeKTHBbI B cxps. WTOK.: n63HlijeM, C63H7JjeM, np'i13H aj eM , O~)3HajeM, pa3a3HlijeM H non. B )THX npawepax COcToRHHe, rrpeAweCTBYIOIUee HOBOwTOKaBCKOH peTpaKUHH, nonscno 6bITb cneAYIOIUee: *pozn3jem, *sazn'djem, "prizndiem, *dozn3jem, *pazazn'djem . Ilaanue nocaacxoro nnanexra pacKpbIBaIOT HCTOl{HHK peKOHCTpYHpOBaHHoro YCTOHl{HBOrO nacxonamero nonrornoro YAapeHHR YKa3aHHbIx CPOPM, cp. nocascx. poznatem, poznajemo, poznajete, poznajii: dozndjem, priznajcm (Rad 196, C. 83--84). Ol{eBHAHO,

44 Ha CT. 79 nOIlliTHKH 10. KpHlKaHH4, aanucas poznadrn C "3Ha4CHHCM coucpurcxaoro BHlJ,a. ucnpaanscr 3TY tPOPMY B poznadern, HalJ,nHCaB nan crpoxoji d.

45 CXOIJ,HbIC, B aKueHTonorH4jCKOM OTHOUIt~HHH cnyxaa: omaiJ~r - ornaoder npn: ntloaet; Bbl6eJICUT - emtieeder rtpa : 6ei'aeT H rrou. B03HIIKalOT B' pcaynsrare 0606mcHHH YAapHOCTH CYtPtPHKca -0- B HMncptPCKTHBax YlKC B cpCHHepYCCKHit rrcpuon (HOsue MaTcpHanbl eM. B 3aJlH3HHK KOCM.).

56

I J

t

'ITO cHTyaUHR B wTOKaBCKOM COBepweHHO TO)f(AeCTBeHHa rrOnO)f(eHHIO C OCHOBOH daje-, pa306paHHOMY nsnue. OTJIHl{He naurs B TOM, 'ITO B AaHHOH rpyrrrre OTCYTCTByeT 6ecrrpHCTaBOl{HbIH rnaron (B npeaence rnarona 3Haeatu B WTOKaBCKOM pacnpocrpanena OCHOBa HHcpHHHTHBa: 3Hae"5M). TaKHM 06pa30M, WTOKaBCKYIO aKueHTOBKY MO)f(HO 06bRCHHTb KaK B03HHKWYIO H3 a.rr. C B peayrn.rare cneundiasecxoa OTTR)f(KH YAapeHHR B rrpHCTaBOl{HbIX 06pa30BaHHRX, H OHa, cnenonarensno, MO)f(eT 6bITb nocraanena B npsraoe renerasecxoe COOTBeTCTBHe C BOCTOl{HOCnaBRHCKHMH cpaKTaMH.

OTCYTCTBHe HMrrepcpeKTHBOB OT sroro rnarona, rrOCTpoeHHbIX na OCHOBe *znaje- a.rr. c, y 10. Kpascaansa 06bRCHReTCR BblTeCHeHHeM HX 06pa30BaHHRMH OT OCHOBbI na -se-: 1l03HaBaM (Tp. 202, 213), nosnaaajerce (Tp. 1862), ce rr03HaBaeT (Bsm. I, 49), poznawaet (llon. 84, 87), poznawaietse (llon. 3), poznawaetse (llon. 98), se poznawfet (llon. 89), nespoznawaet (llon. 125), rr03HaB:()~Tce (fp. 1352); poznawaiut se (llon. 79), se paznawaiut (TaK B H3A., Ilon, 95); npasnanajer (Bun. III, 18), npn- 3HaB{IOT (Bsm. III, 71); se uznawaet (Ilon. 11), ne uznawaet (Ilon. 87) H up. non, AHanO[J1l{HbIH npouecc npoasouren B cnOBeHCKOM tpozndvam,

.' , d' )

pnznavam, uznavam, oznavam H non. H B cOBpeMeHHoM 60nrapcKoM

R3bIKe. Hannuae B npesnocra B 60rrrapcKoH R3bIKOBOH 06nacTH HMrrepcpeKTHBOB, nocrpoennsrx na OCHOBe -znaje-, rrOATBep)f(JJ:aeTCR TaKHMH cnYl{aRMH B crapocnaaaacxosr, KaK: acbxo oyfio npbno OTb IIJIOAa caoero n03Ha-

A cl " ~ - ~ " ,..""

encJll. - €KCXOroV 'Yap O€VOpOV €K rou WWU «aimo: 'YtVWOK€Ta.t (Jlx, 6.44) .

qTO xacaerca 6ecrrpHCTaBOl{HOrO rnarona, nocnysomurero 6a30H AnR 06- pa30BaHHR :nOH cepaa HMrrepcpeKTHBOB, TO rrOMHMO COMHHTenbHbIX MaTepnanon 10. Kpaxcaaaua na penaxrsr ero B IO)f(HOCnaBRHCKOH 06nacTH ysce B nHCbMeHHoe BpeMR, nepoarno, YKa3bIBaeT peAKHH cpemretiorrrapcxaa BapHaHT: 3Ha~Tb Ea.-anp. N° 592, 1316, bis.

2. *stajr;. *staj~tb. A.rr. C sroro rnarona pexoncrpyapyercs na OCHOBaHHH noxaaanmi BOCTOl{HOCnaBRHCKHX R3bIKOB, npennecepocxoro rro TeKcTY qa'lana XV B. (Ee.-anp. N° 7364) Ii nexoropsrx cepficxax AHarreKTOB, coxpaHHBWHX crapyio a.rr. aroro rnarona HnH ee cnensr: COBp. PYCCK. (YCTap.)

I .r (rio. ' ) '.('

erato, CJaeWb HH<p. craears ; C rrpHCTaBKaMH: ecrato, ecraetus; npucttuo,

npucrahus H non.: 6ecrrpHCTaBOl{HbIH rrraron 60nee WHPOKO ynorpetinserca no ruranexraxr, CM . Ilans IV, sub V. 'CTaBaTb': ptKa cra/ro, He craert. ne-

, , ,

Her, He craters rnasa; craercs H non.; IOrO-3arraAHopYCCK. XVI-XVII B.

cra~ (IlEep., 1522), cTaJbcA (IlEep., 120', 187'), i1: cTae'c~ (CT3H3., 186a), BbcTaJb (fp3H3. 666: BCTaB~IO, ~JI~ BbcTa~), 1l0BcTa~ (IlEep. 192), cp. neenpnx. ·HaCT. np.: i1: ~TaIOl{1 (CT3H3. I 62a) , 30CTa~ (flEep. 4, 452, 591, 1492), AocTaJb (JleiccSaa. 762, IlEep., 124', He)],olcTaeTfM~ (IlEep.

361) " I , , , ,

, y~p. erato, craetu; nocrato, nycraeu;; npucrato, npucraewi nepecrato,

nepecraeia H non.; fienopyccx. erato, craetu; npucrato, npucraeui; nepacraib, nepacraetu; ycraJb, ycraew H non. (CM. Isauryuiu, C. 79-81); up.cepficx. (Ea-anp. N° 7364) He BbCTa~Tb 506, BblcTaIbTb 1586, CXpB. )J,HaJ' (3eTcKo-ceHHUK. C. Jleneran, EOKa Koropcxa) *cacr{jeM ce (inf.cacr{jarce)46 (JeI>, KH. XIV, C. 96). B npyrnx CXpB. )J,HarreKTaX 06HapY)f(HBaIOTCR

46 Ilapannrssa, no KOTOPOit axuenrycrcx, no YKa3aHHIO aaropa onncanaa, 3TOT rnaron:

c"lIijar ce, cMtijeM ce, cMujeMo ce, cMajeTe, cMujax, cMtijao. cMUjalIQ ce, HacMtijao ce, HaCMuja;IQ (rAC' _. BOCXOIJ,Hm lit nonrua axueur pcrpaxunonnoro npOHCXOlKACHIIH) .

57

JUlWb cnenu :nOM a.n. B BIl.)],e HacY¢¢Il.KcaJ1bHoro ynapenaa B Il.H¢Il.HliTliBe mm ero perpnexca, cp. CT.-'lepHOropcK. CTa/aT (npa sapaanre cT~jaT Il. !lpesence [CT~jJ eM) (TIewHKaH 280). 3TOT rnaron, BepoHTHO, O'leHb paao CMeHHJI CBOH: aKueHTHbIH: ran na rronannmouiea 'laCTH IO)I(HOCrraBHHCKOM R3bIKOBOH: reppnropaa. B 60rrrapCKOM ara CMeHa axuearnoro rana norrHOCTblO cornacyerca C nocnertoaarensao npOBeu,eHHOH: Mop¢OnOm'leCKOH: TeH)],eHUIl.eM YCTpaHeHHR nOu,BIl.)l(HOM aKueHTHOH: napamrrau Y rnaronos C KOPHHMIl. na -a-, cp.: cp.sfionr. (BOCr.) OCTaeTb C6. N° 19, 1686, (san.) B'bCTa-

e rs (Hc. CHp. 1016), m.craers (Hc. CHp. 29a) , He np}>icTaen (Hc. CHp. 1026), npocTa.tTb (He. CHp. 246, 33, 336), He npocTa.lT'b (He, CHp. 396), (MaKeu,.?) crae n, (0 nIl.CbM. 61a). TIO-BIl.)],HMOMY, 60rrrapCKOH: 6apIl.TOHe30H: aroro rnarona 06'bHCHHIOTCH ero 6apIl.ToHll.poBaHHbIe ¢OPMbI

B naMHTHIl.Kax BOCTO'lHOcnaBHHCKOH: UePKOBHocnaBHHCKOH: nIl.Cb~eHHOCTH, cp. )],p.-PYCCK. BCTaro (4y)],. 72); IOrO-3ana)],HopYC,CK. XVI~XVII B. WCTaen ([pCM., H4a, bis), wCTaieT'b (rpCM. H4a) , WCTalOT'b ([pCM. H4a) , npa craB~lO (rpeM. H46) , crasaeura ([pCM. !S'3a). EapIl.TOHe3a aroro ma~~na

oxaarana COBp. CXpB. H, nO-BIl.u,Il.MOMY, 60nbwIl.HCTBO ero )]'WUleKToB :

CXpB. narep, cT~jeM \inf. cT~jam), nkCTaj~M (int n~~TajaTU~, np~CTaj~M (inf. npaeraiaru), npecraje» (inf. npecraiatuv ; cacrajeuce (inf. cacraja-

ru) Il. non.; cea-uax. (HOBIl.) staje ('Ha'lliHaTb nOCTeneHHO OCTaHaBnIl.- I

BaTbCH', rOBopHT npo rrapoxon; inf. st'ajat; C pedinexcot-t '~HoBoro UHPK('M¢neKca" B npeaeace) ; 'laK-KaH:K. XVII B. (Kpaxana«) CTa)eM (Tp. 73 , 200, 218), nocrajer« (rp. 972), nOCT~JeT (rp. 11, 4x, 11:' 731, 972, 1021,1251,1261,1381,1432, Bsm. Ill, 32 H np.}, posta,et (TIon.41,67, 71, 85 Il. AP.)' postaiut (TIon. 34, SO, 107 Il. np.), npecT~lO (1 sg., BbIIT. Ill, 42), ostaet (TIon. 5, 79), ostaiut (TIon. 11), nedostaet (TIon. 97), cpo I-part. ostaialo (Ilon. 34), ostaiala (Ilon. 20). Bcrpexarouraecs B Ilon. CPOPMbI C KOHe'lHbIM ynapenaexr nenanesotsr H MoryT 06'bHCHHTbCH PYCCKHM BnIl.HHll.eM, nOJTOMY He MoryT CBIl.AeTenbCTBOBaTb 0 HaITIl.'l1l.1l. B )]'H:aITeKTe Kpaxcanaua aapuanra a.n. C y pasonpaevoro rrrarona. O}]'HaKO B Tp.

10. KpIl.)l(aHIl.'la OTMe'lalOTCH' ¢OPMbI, xoropue MorYT 6blTb penHKTOBbIMH:

OTpa)l(eHIl.HMIl. nepBIl.'lHOH: a.n. C: CTa)eM (Tp. 731), nOCTa)eM (Tp. 200)

Il. neenpaa, CTa) e (I'p. 107). Y'lIl.TbIBaH 06bI'lHbIH: nyrs YCTpaHeHIl.H OCTaTKOB a.n. c B paccvarpaaaer-roa rpynne rnaronon, Il.X MO)l(HO rpaxrosars KaK peaynsrar 3aMeHbI *sta/em, *postaf~m na *stajem, *postajem >*stojem, *postajcm npa )],aITbHeH:WeH: 3aMeHe B icasecrae rocnoncrnyrouiea ¢opMbI B HAHoneKTe 10. KpIl.)l(aHH'la *st~jem, *post~jem. Cp, B cpeMCKOM ronope: orfJeM ~ 1I~ oaje, npa B03MO)l(HOH: lie oajy, Il. cnenyiouias crynens: o'a'jy, lie 1ajy, TaK )l(e n~J3l1iijeM, n03l1iije, n03l1ajy, Il. cnenytouiaa crynens: n~)3l1ajCM, n?J3I1aj'eUl, n~J3l1ajy. (Cn36, Ktb. XIV, C. 298-299).

B crrOBeHCKOM cooTBeTcTBYlOll.IHH: 6ecnpHCTaBO'lHbIH: rnaron nepeaenen

B OCHOBbI na -(1-: stojati, -am (Plet , II, 565), B :nOH: )l(e ¢opMe yno rpefinHlOTCH H rrpacraaouasre HMnep¢eKTll.BbI, nocrpocnnue na )],aHHOH: OCHOBe. O)]'HaKO y nocnernrnx coxpanaiorca Il. TeMaTH'leCKHe ¢OPMbI, xo ropsre }],OCTaTO'lHO nonno ¢H:KCIl.PYlOTCH IlrIeTepwHIl.KOM: dostdjem, nastajem, ostojem Il. non. PenIl.KT a.rr. c, C coxpanenaesr CY¢CPIl.KCaITbHOH: "npaxpennennocra"

4 7 Cncnsr a.rr. c, KaK Mbl BIIIlHM, 06HapYlKHBalOTCli B lOlKHOccpficKoA OfiJlaCTH, 'ITO, noBI1IlHMOMY, nonracpacnacr lO)I(HOCcp6cKY!O nOKamnawW) IlllaJH~KTa FB-arrp. N° 7364 (eM. nsnnc}.

58

axueura, HO C norepea ero nou,BIl.)l(HOCTH, MO)l(HO YCMaTpIl.BaTb B aapaanre aKueHTOBKH I-part.: -stclial, -stajii!«, -staidto (HapR)],Y C 06bl'lHbIM: -stajal, -stajala, -stojalo), OD,HaKO raxoe ynapenae MO)l(eT 6blTb Il. BTOPH'lHbIM. B uenOM BCH rpynna nOKa3bIBaeT HOPMaITbHYIO HaKopeHHYIO aKueHTOBKY C pacnpocrpaaenaesr petpnexca "HOB oro UHpKYM¢rreKca" C npe3eHTHbIX ¢OPM aa OCHOBY H:H¢HHlHH:Ba.

B KaH:KaBCKHX )],HaITeKTaX naxopeanoe ynapenae 310ro rnarorra ¢H:KCH:PYeTCH C XVII B.: lO)I(.-KaH:K. XVII B. staju (3 pl. praes., 'BcTaIOT'; Petro 5, no Valj. Rad 67, C. 91), ynapenae He OTTHmBaeTCH B ¢opMe 3 pl. Ha nanH:'lHe Y)I(e B 3TO BpeMH B ero xopne perpnexca "HOB oro UH:pKYM¢rreKca"HHCXOD,Hll.IerO nonroro ynapeaaa - yxaasrsaer ¢opMa nastaje (3 sg., Petr. 67, no Valj. Rad 67, C. 90), rne xapaKTJaaH AnH nHaITeKTa H. KpaR'leBJ.I'la OTTH)I(Ka HH:CXOAHll.IerO nonroro y)],8peHH:H na npenurecrnyrouraa error. TaKH:M 06pa30M, JJ,J1H cnOBeHCKO-KaH:KaBCKOH: )],H:aITeKTHOH: 06nacTJ.I, nO-BJ.I)],HMOMY, cnenyer BOCCTaHaBnH:BaTb JJ,J1H rpynnsr rnaronos necoaepurennoro BH:Aa C OCHOBOH: *staje- HaKopeHHYlO aKueHTOBKY.

O)]'HaKO, KaK MbI YBH)],HM HH)I(e, JaKaH axnenrosxa H:MeeT pernonansnsre BHYTpHcrrOBeHCKO-KaH:KaBCKH:e OCHOBaHH:H H: He tpefiyer BOCCTaHOBrreHHH npacnaaancxoro axnenryauaonnoro aapaanra aroro rnarona a.n. a48•

3. *d'iiCj, *dejetb 'xnacrs, nenan,', OT aroro rnarona cnertyer cpasy )l(e OT)],enH:Tb rrraron C OCHOBOH: *d~- B 3Ha'leHHH: 'rOBOpH:Tb'. PerrH:KTbI nocnenHero B panCKOM (cea-uax.) )],H:aITeKTe nOKa3bIBalOT aTeMaTll.'leCKYIO napa)],HrMY C HaKopeHHbIM ynapenaesr: 1 sg. praes. din 'velim' (c 'laKaBCKHM YJJ,J1HHeHH:eM nepen 3aKpbIBalOll.IHMH cnor COHaHTaMH H HOCOBbIMH), 2 pl. praes. diste 'velite' (c HOPMaITbHbIM pedmexcosr aKYTa) (Rad 118, C. 41). PerrHKTbI aroro rnarona Y 10. KpH)I(aHH:'la: MM, IJ:HW, )],M (Tp. 199)49, nO-BH)],HMOMY, nonxnsr 6bITb H:CTOnKOBaHbI KaK TeMaTH3HpoBaHHbIe CTR)I(eHnsre ¢OpMbI, H: B )TOM cnysae B HH:X TaK)I(e cnenyer npennonarars a.n. a. TaKOMY peuremno He nporaaopesar H npyrae 06bI'lHO npHBO)]'H:MbIe pernrxTbI aroro rnarona (CM. 3CCfl, BbIIT. 4, C. 229).

PaCCMaTpH:BaeMbIM rnaron B 'laK.-KaH:K. XVII B. (10. KpH:)I(aHH:'l) ¢HKCH:pyerca .H:CKnlO'l.H:TeJ1bHO B a.n. c: llit:)eM (Tp. 841, 199), .llHJeM (Tp. 732), 'll1»ellI (rp. 1522), .Il1»h (rp. 1522), )],H)h (rp. 722), ce )],H)h (rp. 591), ce )]'H:)lT (Tp. 1321), H: ®)lTCe (Bsrn. III, 19) He ®Jerce (BbIIT. III, 10), deiet (llon. 167), deih (llorr. 13) H: np. Bo ncex cnyxaax ynorperineana 6ecnpHCTaBO'lHOH: ¢OPMbI MbI HMeeM anaxenae 'nenars, nenarsca'. 0 TOM, 'ITO B )],H:aITeKTe 10. KpH)I(aHJ.I'la OTCYTCTBOBaIT fiecnpncraBO'lH'bIH: rna ron )TOM OCHOBbI co 3Ha'leHJ.leM 'xnacrs, noeaeman,', J.lMeeTCH CBHll.eTenbCTBO casioro 10. KpH)I(aHH'la: "ne)~M, HeY~BaHO" (I'p. 199, B

• crorrfine JJ,J1H HeCOB. BH:Aa CTPOKH, KOTOpylO 3aHH:MaIOT rnaronsr coaepureu-

[J " 1 n' , , I

Horo BH)],a e)],HOKpaTHH)e: eHeM, o)]'eHeM, B03)]'eHeM, npH:)],eHeM, H co-

OTBeTCTBYlOll.IH:e HMnep¢eKTH:BbI [Bno'xexparuaje}: MBaM, Ha)],~lBaM, B03-

.... ") "

)],HBaM, npHAHBaM . OAHaKO cpena npH:CTaBO'lHbIX 06pa30BaHH:H JVlbI 06Ha-

"8

Y,{IITblBali o6lll,YIO TeHllcHl\H!O pa3BI1T11l1 aKl\eHTOBKH B paCCMaTPHBaeMo~ rpyrrrrc

rnaronos B lOlKHocnaBIIHCKI1X 1I3b1KaX, HaM npencraanaerca B nacroauiee BpeMIi H3nHlllHeA OCTOPOlKHOCTblO co xpaxemre B paoore "CnaBIIHCKaH aKl\CIlTOnOrl1l1" 11 B I xacra rry6nHKyeMoA pafiorsi B Ka4eCTBC sapaaara peKoHcTpYKUHH a.rr. a B rnarone stajetb (*sttijetb) zins npacnaaancxoro.

49 <l>opMa 3 sg. praes. C TeM »ce aKUCHTOM OTMC4aCTCH 11 B npyra x TeKCTax 10. KPH-

lKaHH4a.

59

PY)KHBaeM Y 10. KpH)KaHH'Ia He ronsxo 06pa30BaHHH nenocpencrsenao OT OCHOBbI C 3Ha'leHHeM 'nenars' (CO}J,H]~M 'cnenaio' I'p. 84', Cpo B TeKCTe cO}J,H)aH6 I'p. 73' 'cnenaao'), HO 06pa30BaHHH, xoropsre CeMaHTH'IeCKH npouie B03BO}J,HTb K OCHOBe C 3Ha'leHHeM 'noereutars, xnacrs': .IlO}J,H] ~M [I'p. 84': (isa .Iloc~}J,)KaM:), 199], HanH]~MCe (I'p. 732), Har$]eMCe (Tp. 195), J Ha}J,H]tMce (1 pl., I'p, 189'), B03HaD:t>]eMCe (Tp. 195), se nadeiet (non. 83, 185: 'Ha}J,eeTCH'), se nenadeiet (non. 83, 168: 'He saneeTCH') H np., - a TaK)Ke 06pa30BaHHH, xoropsre caM 10. KpH)KaHH'I CBH3bl-

" , 'H' (H')

aaer C OCHOBOH B 3Ha'lOOHH nojaemars, xnacrs: a}J,H]eM, .aa anenesn j :

(Tp, 84'). TaKHM 06pa30M, MO)KHO YTBep)K}J.aTb, 'ITO OCHOBa d~je- B 060HX CBOHX OCHOBHbIX 3Ha'leHHHX 'nerrars' H '~oMeIUaTb, KJIacTb' B }J,HaJIeKTe

10. KpH)KaHH'Ia 3a<PHKcHpoBaHa HCKnlO'IHTenbHO B a.rr. c.

B cnOBeHCKOM H3bIKe rriaron dejati HMeeT TpH 3Ha'leHHH: 'xnacrs, rroMeIUaTb', '}J,eJIaTb', 'roaopars, cxaaars'. Ilpa 3TOM napanarraa npeseaca HBHO KOHTaMHHHpoBaHa: ynorpetinmorcx, rrO-BH}J,HMOMY, 6e3 }J,OCTaTO'lHO '1eTKHX pa3nH'lHH d?jem, d?m H din em , HH<PHHHTHBHbIe <POPMbI, O'leBH}J,HO, TaK)Ke He HMelOT '1eTKOrO pacnpenenenns. CHTyall;HH B }J,peBHHX TeKCTax, rrO-BH}J,HMOMY, He accnenoaana. <DOPMbI, nocrpoennsre aa HH<pHHHTHBHOH OCHOBe, nOKa3bIBalOT HBHYIO npanannexnocn, K a.n. c ; cp. inf. dejdti, I-part. dejal, dejdla, dejalo. Ha rrp'HHa,[],JJe)KHOCTb K a.rr. c YKa3bIBaeT aHOMaJIbHaH <popMa 3 pI. praes. dejr (BapHaHT). OCTaJIbHbIe <pOPMbI npesenca, rrO-BH}J,HMOMY, B pe3YJIbTaTe KOHTaMHHaIIHH C <popMaMH npeaenca dim, rrpUBO}J,HT naxopennoe ynapenne C perpnexcosr "nosoro IIHpKYM<pneKca". npHCTaBO'lHbIH rnaron nadiiati se, nad~jem se H n(Jdejati se, n(Jdejem .'? 'Ha}J,eHTbCH' rrOJIY'lHn CBOIO BTOPYlO aKIIeHTOBKY, rrO-BH}J,HMOMY, rro ananorHH C CYIUeCTBHTeJIbHbIM nadeja 'Ha}J,e)K}J,a'. 3TOT rnaron B KaHKaBcKHx }J,HaJIeKTaX, no CBH}J,eTeJIbCTBY M. BarrHBIIa, MO)KeT HMeTb aKIIeHTOBKY nadeje HJIH nrfdeje (Rad 67, C. 88). Ilepsaa aKIIeHTOBKa TO)K}J,eCTBeHHa co CJIOBeHCKoH (rrepBbIH BapHaHT), BTOpaH HBJIHeTCH pe3YJIbTaTOM <poHeTH'IeCKOi{ rrepe}J,BH)KKH BHYTpeHHero HHCXO}J,HIUero nonroro aKIIeHTa na ripenIUecTBYIOIUHH error B }J,HaJIeKTaX, npoBo}J,HIUHX TaKOBYIO, npa 3TOM ripenIUecTBYIOIUHH error nonysaer BOCXO}J,HIUHH aKIIeHT. TaK KaK 3Ta aKIIeHTOBxa orxrexena B Petr. (XVII B.), a B nnrepnperauaa M. BaJIHBIIa HeT OCHOBaHHH COMHeBaTbCH (nepensaxxa perprrexca "HOBoro IIHpKYM<pneKca" na rrpe}J,IUeCTBYIOIUHH }J,OJIrOTHbIH cnor OIMe'laeTCH B TeKCTax H. KpasxeBH'Ia H B npyrax CJI Y'IaH X) , TO 3TO ynapenae cBH}J,eTeJIbCTByeT 06 06IUeKaHKaBCKo-cnOBeHcKoH aKIIeHTOBKe namroro "pHCTaBO'IHOrO rnarorra: *niid?jem se. 3aMeTHM, 'ITO }J,aHHbIH rnaron, HeCM' TpH aa rrpHCTaBKY, HBnHeTCH rnarOJIOM HeCOBepIUeHHoro BH}J,a. OTMeTHM TaK)Ke, 'ITO ace OCTaJIbnsre npacraaosnsre rnaronsr, nocrpoeaasre aa OCHOBe deja- tdeie-), B CJIOBeHCKOM H3bIKe - nepoexraasr: dodeidt], dodfiem; nadeidti (Plet. 'darunJer le~en'); oddejdti (PIlt.), poddf?jdti, podejdti, predejdti, pridf?jdti, razdejati (dejem), vdeidti, zadejati.

Teneps 06paTHMC~ K rnarony, KOTOPbIH He BOWeJI B HaWH "Oc06b1e cnyxaa " , TaK KaK B cnOBeHCKOM OH coxpaunnca B 6ecrrpHCTaBO'IHOH <popMe C HBHbIM OTpa)KeHHeM npacnaaancxoii a.rr. c. OUHaKO OH BXO}J,HT B rpynny rnarorroa, npacrasouasre <POPMbI KOTOPbIX 06pa3YIOT 3TY xapax-

TepHYIO cyrmnerasnyro CHCTeMY HMrrep<peKTHBaIlHH. Ornasne ee OT

BOCTO'lHOCnaBHHCKOH CHCTeMbI BH}J,HO H3 rafin. 12.

60

Ta6JlHua 12

nep<peKTHBb! Becnpacraao-msre rnaroner
HMnep<peKTHBb! 3TOH )l(e OCHOBbl
dodrfti, doddm dodajati, dodOjem (-am) dajati, 3 pl. daj§
izddtt, izddm izdiijati, izddjem (-am)
naddti, naddm naddjati, naddiem (-am)
odddti, odddm oddilJ.atii todddfam)
poddti, poddm podiijati, podDjem (-am)
preddti, preddm pred1ijati, preddjem (-am)
priddti, priddm priddjati, priddiem (-am)
proddti, proddm proddjati, proddjem (-am)
vddti, vddm vddiati, vdfijem (-am)
vzddti, vzddm vzddjati, vzdajem (-am)
zaddti, zaddm zaddjati, zadtijem i-am)
- nad?jati se, nadfjem se dejdtt, 3 pl. dej~
'dostati, dostimem dostdjati, dostdjem (-am) -
nastdti, nastdnem nastdiati, nastdjem (-am)
ostdti, ostdnem ostdiati.ostdjem (-am)
postt!.ti, postdnem postdiati, postdjem (-am)
prestJti, prestdnem prestdiati, prestdiem t-am)
pristdtt, pristdnem pristdiati, pristdiem (-am)
vstdti, vnonem vstdiati, vstojem (-am)
sistati (se), SiJstonem se sastajati (se) + s8stojem (se)
ustdti, ustdnem ustdiatt tustdiam)
vstati, vstdnem vst8jati, vstdiem i-am)
zastdtt, zastdnem zastojati, zastdiem (-am) OTMe'laeMbIH cnY'laH, xorna npacraaosasni rnaron, nOCTpoeHHbIH aa OCHOBe daje-, He rrpOBO}J,HT MeHbI aKIIeHTHoro rnna, nann, rrO}J,TBep)K}J,aeT TO, 'ITO 3Ta MeHa CBH3aHa C CHCTeMOH HMrrep<peKTHBall;HH: 3TO nepoexras izdajdti, -ddiem vb. pf. 'mit dem Ausgeben, Geben fertig werde' (Plet.).

TaKHM 06pa30M, B cnOBeHCKOM 06HapY)KHBaeTCH <pparMeHT CHcTeMbI,

B KOTOPOH crapsre rnaronsr a.rr. c C HTepaTHBHbIM 3Ha'leHHeM, nonysaa rrpHCTaBKY H OCTaBaHCb HMnep<peKTHBaMH, MeXaHH'IeCKH MeHHJIH aKIIeHTHbIH ran sa Herro}J,BH)KHbIH H nposonana perpnexc "HOB oro IlHpKYM<pneKca" (rrO-BH}J,HMOMY, 3TOT <pparMeHT MO)KeT 6bITb nocrasnea B CBH3b C nO}J,06HbIM HBneHHeM - Mop<ponOrH'IeCKHM ynnHHeHHeM H "HOBbIM IlHPKYM<pneKCOM" B HMrrep<peKTHBax rpynnsr *jrr.ti, CM. I '1aCTb pa60TbI,

C. 217-222). 3THM OTJIH'lHeM OT BOCTOqHOCnaBHHCKHX, B KOTOPbIX HMeHHO npacraaoxasre HMrrep<peKTHBbl coxpanana, nonpexa 06IUeH MOP<P0HOJIOm'leCKOH TeH}J,eHIIHH (CM. C. 38-39), YCTOH'IHBO crapsni aKIIeHTHbIH ran

(a.n. c) H, rro-BH}J,HMOMY, crroc06CTBOBaJIH coxpanemno ero Y COOTBeTCTBYIOIUHX 6ecrrpHCTaBO'lHbIX rnaronon, H 06'bHCHHeTcH nopaaarerrsasra aa rrepBbIH B3rnH}J, <paKT, 'ITO cnOBeHCKHH, sonpexa ero 06IUeMY nOnO)KeHHIO !CaK H3bIKa, HapH}J,Y C '1aK.-KaHK. nnanexroja KpHlI<aHHqa HaHJlyqWHM 06- pa30M coxpaanaurero npacnaasncxoe pacnpenenenae a.n. Y naanoro xnacca rrraronoB, OKa3bIBaeTCH rro OTHoweHHIO K paccMaTpHBaeMoH rpynrre nnaoaa- 1lH0HHOH 30HOH.

61

11 p H M e 'I a H H e. O'lCBHAHO, 'ITO CHCTeMa "HMM06HnH3aUHH" axuenra B HMncpcpCKTHBax /.IaHHoll rpyrtru-r B no.nron CTcnCHH xapax repxa H /.IJIlI c06cTBeHHo KaIlKaBCKHX AH3J1CKTOB 50. B03MOlKHO, 'ITO B oroa naancxraon 06nacTH CYUI,CCTBYIOT HnH cyUI,ecTBOB3J1H <pparMeHTbI 06cY)!(AaCMoll CHCTCMbI, HC OTMe'leHHble B cnOBeHCKOM. Bo BCllKOM cnysae, TaKYIO HHTepnpeTaUHIO nonycxacr pan cpaKToB, npHBoAHMbIX M. BanllBueM:

I. 3ara/.l04HOe ynapenae OCHOBbI It!je-, xoropoe M. B3J1l1BCU ncrtorrsayer /.Inll IIHrepnperauaa <pOPM, nonsepnnyn,ix HM H3 crapoxaaxaacxax TCKCTOB (0 caMoll HHrcprtperauaa CM. B snuc , c. 50) . ComaCHO ero HHTepnpCTaUHH, B KaIlKaBUI,HHe (Bal'alK/.IHH?) CYUI,eCTBYCT cncnyrouras aKUCHTOBKa: *I'l~e§, *vleje, *obleje, *pol;je, "poleju, *preleje, *razteje se, *se razleju, *zleje se (Rad 67, c. 89). TaKHc <pOPMbI MOlKHO 6bInO 6bI nOHlITb KaK <pOPMbI HMncP<PcKTHBOB, nocrpocanuc na OCHOBe *llje- II nporaaortocraaneanue nepBOHaQ3J1bHO nep<PcKTIIBaM, rrocrpocnasrsr na OCHOBe lije-.

2. HeCTlIlKeHHbIe <pOPMbI npescnca OT rnaronsaoro KOPHlI *zna-, OTHOCHTenbHO KOTOPhIX M. B3J1l1Beu cneUH3JlbHO 3aMCQaeT: "znaje dolazi do 3. plur. sarno slolena

s prijedlozi" (Rad 67, c. 91 ~92), MorYT 6bITb penHKTaMH npHCTaB04HbIX HMnep<peKTHBOB OT rnarona *znaj~tb, coxpaHHBIlIHMHCll Hnll coxpaaaaurasracs BO apeeacna

M. B3J1l1Bu.a B KaKoll-TO 4aCTH KallKaBCKoll 06naCTH.

3. KaK perHOH3J1bHOe pacurapeaae vxaaaanoa CHCTeMbI MOlKHO HHTepnpempoBaTb ynapexue sm'eje 'csrexrsca' (I}, npHBOAHMoe M. B3J1l1BUeM KaK BapHaHT K HOPM3J1bHOMY sm/ie C rrosrcroa: "redc: srneje nu sarno takrr slo'-ena s prijedlogorn" (Rad 67, c. 90).

O/.IHaKO npennosceansre HHTcpnpeTaUHH Tpe6YIOT rinarensaoa npOBepKII, ).Inll KOTOpOA He06xo/.lHMbI CnCIJ.}I3J1bHOe HCcne/.lOBaHHC H MaTe pH3J1 bI KaAKaBCKHX /.I1I3J1eKTOB, /.10 CHX nop OCTalOUI,HXClI HeH3Y4eHHbIMH.

IIpH 06ll1eH rennenuna 3aMeHbI a.n, C rnaronos rpyrmsr *d~je- nerronBH)I(HbIM 6apHTOHHpOBaHHbIM aKueHTHbIM THIIOM BOCTOK IO)I(HOCrraBHHCKOH otinacra npencraanen pHnOM <paKTOB, XOTH H pa3p03HeHHbIX, HO B COBOKYIIHOCTH nOCTar04HO 1I0Ka3aTerrbHbIX, CBHneTerrbCTBYlOllIHX 0 HanH4HH B paHHHX cep6CKHX H 60rrrapCKH,X naanexrax Y naHHbIX rnaronos a.lI. c. Hapxny C <pOPMOH a.n, a (on"EleTb 180a) crapocepticxmi TeKCT Ea.sanp.

N° 7364 naer <P0PMY nt~Tb 1086, a.n. KOTOPOH 1I0nTBep)l(naeTCH ynapeHHeM <pOPMbI part. praes. act. Hantlce (CB. 06p. F. I 591, rr. 76) B crapocepecxov TeKCTe roro )l(e BpeMeHH H C 6rrH3KoH aKueHToBKoH. 3TO ynapenne MO)l(eT 6bITb HHTepllpeTHpOBaHO KaK B03HHKllIee B peaynsrare "OTTH)I(KH" nxryca 110 3aKOHY Bacnnseaa-Tlorrofixo II rnna. To, 'ITO OHO

He HBrrHeTCH crrY'laHHbIM, nonraepxnaer aKueHTOBKa TOH )l(e <p<;!PMbI B sanamrorionrapcxosr TeKCTe cpenneoonrapcxoro nepaona: HantA.cA. (PwI.

N° 1/26, 29). Cpenneeonrapcxae TeKCTbI, OTHOCHllI,HeCH K BOCTO'IH060nrapCKHM zraanexrara XIV ~XV BB., IIpencTaBrreHbI,nBYMH IIpHMepaMH IIpe3eHTHbIX <P0PM: Hante~lmcA C6. N° 758, 1506, AtlTCA. EB. I'pnr. 93a, - axueHTHaH napanarva KOTOPbIX 1I0nTBep)l(naeTCH ynapeaaev pana nenpeaenrnux <pOpM: inf. ntam C6. N° 764, 2256; aor. 1 pl. H ontaxWM'b Ea-anp. N° 592, 576, aor. 2 pI. If He ont~cTe Ea-anp. N° 592, 576 H aor. 2-3 sg.

, ... '

onoa MA. 30rp. CB., 2 (c OTTH)I(KOH 110 3aKoHY Bacanseaa-Jlonoexo I TH-

lIa, xapaxrepnon }J,JIH <P0pM-3HKrrHHoMeHoB 2-3 sg. aopacros B lIaMHTHHxax "TblPHOBCKOH r pynnsi"}; part. praet. act.: H B'b3nt¥B'b C6. N° 758, 224a, C'bwn'taBcA. C6. N° 758; 1016, Hant{BcA 30rp. c6. N° 103, 376; deverbativ ontaHJe C6. N° 758, 218a.

50 IlPHMCP podajem, np"BonHMbIA M. Ilncrepnmaxoea C nOMCToA kajk. ~ Valj. (Rad) (CM. Plet. II, c. 7'6', sub v. podajativ, 04eBH/.IHo, xanaerca peaynsrarcea nenopaayMCHlIlI: nOCTaBJICHa aKL\CHTOBKa IICT04HHKa, HC pasnasaiouiero HHTOHaUHH, cast

M. Banxacu naer Y/.IapeHI1e n, CnCUHaJIbHO OTMe4aH: "A slolena s prijedlozi povstav~i iterativna mijeria ' xa ?", ~to se u kriiz] ne be\e!i na pose" (CM. Rad 67, c. 87-- 88) .

62

I

)

A.II. a B cp-oonr. TeKCTax npencrasnena cnenytounoan IIp.HMepaMH:

BOCr.: oAi'eulIIcA. HHM. c6. N° 20, 51u. 23, 3 sg. praes. Ha)],teTcA HHM. C6. N° 106, jlu. 5; 1 pl. praes. n-teM'b 30rp. c6. N° 103, 376" part. praes. act. sg. Ha)],t;XcA. 30rp. d). N° 103, 376, praes. ~ct. pl. He AbX4-Ie 30rp. c6. N° 103, 377; 3,all.: nten Hc. CHp. )026, nteTb Hc. CHp. 956; MaKe)]'.?:

I sg. praes. nI,lOce 0 IIHCbM. Sa, n"E.eTb 0 IIHCbM. 46a .

ITo pacnpenenemno a.lI. B BOCT04H060rrrapcKHx TeKCTax (XOTH xonaxeCTBO IIpHMepOB HeAOCTar04HO }J,JIH peurarensnsrx BbIBonOB) MO)l(HO AYMaTb, 'ITO B 60rrrapCKOM urerr Mop<POHorrOfH4eCKHH npouecc YCTpaHeHHH a.n. C B )TOH OCHOBe H nepeaona acex rnaronon, 1I0cTpoeHHblx na HeH, B 6apHTOHHpOBaHHbIH THII, HO B pa3HbIX naanexrax ara TeHneHUHH OCYllleCTBrrHeTCH 110- pa3HOMY: B "TblPHOBCKOH rpynne" 6eCllpHcraB04HbIH rnarort C 3Ha4eHHeM 'nenars', 1I0-BliAlfMOMy, ysce nepesenea B 6apHTOHHpOBaHHbIH aKU. THII, rorna KaK IIpl1CTaB04Hble 06pa30BaHHH coxpansior pernnc rsr a.n, c; B "CHCrexte nacua I'aapnana", HallpOTHB, npncraaovnsre rnaronsr oTMe4eHbI HCKrrlO'lHTe~bHO B 6apHTOHHOH: <popMe (cp. TaK)Ke nenpesearasre <P0PMbl:

inf. wntam C6. N° 19, 34a, aor. 3 sg. GJnta cA. C6. N° 19, 311a, part. praet. act. B'b3n-LaBb C6. N° 19, 2996, wntaBcA. HHM. C6. N° 20, 51u. 16, C'bniaBllIacA. C6. N° 19, 286), rorna KaK 6ecllpHCraBO'IHbIH rnaron OTMe'1eH C a.lI. c.

Bonpoc 06 HCTOPHH aKueHTOBKH )TOH rnaronsnoa OCHOBbI B BOCTO'lHOcrraBHHCKHX H3bIKax raroxe BeCbMa cnoxcen. HcXOnH H3 HMelOllIHXCH MaTepnanos, MO)l(HO nyssars, 'ITO 6eCllpHcraB04HbIH rnaron CO 3Ha4eHHeM 'nerrars' Hero IIPOH3BO}J,Hble nOcraT04HO paao na aceii BOCT04HocrraBHHCKOH repparopnn 6bIJIH nepeaenensr B HeIlOnBH)I(HbIH: aKueHTHbIH THII. Ha uacra BerrHKopYCCKOH TeppH\gpHH eMY 1I0crren04BanH ... ~ OCHOBbl C npYrH~H) 3Ha'1eHHHMH: np-pyccx. nDH:TcA. (qyn. 134), nDeTcA. (?, qyn. 117 ,Han~rOcA. (qyn., 1284), Han"bH:TcA. (qyn. 1194), C)],t~TCA. e, qyn. 1032)-

, ,

IIpHMepbI C ynapenaeja na <prreKCHH nenanesour: PYCCK. naan. oe», oeeius

(CPHf 8, c. 42), o/eTcR (CPHf 8, c. 42-43) [Jm14eHHe: 'nenars, nerrarsca', 1I0crrenHHH IIpHMep TaK)I(e C 3Ha'leHHeM: 'nesarsca, reparsca, nponanars', ynapenne rorrsxo B aarnannsrx <pOPMdX, HCT04HHK ero He YKa3aH. Ilns ~»a4eHHH 'nerrars, nenarsca' ynapenne B H3BeCTHOH crenenn 1I0UTBep)l(uaeTCH pHTMH'IeCKHM IIpHMepOM: "qTO 3aTe~, TO H nee", - H OTMe4eHHbIM ynapenaera y B. Ilana: "qTO y Bact, nteTcH?" (Ilans I,

c. 510, sub. v. 'irEJlan'). Ynapenae aa xo pne B rnarorre C 3Ha4eHHeM 'nesarsca, TepHTbCH, nponanan.' rpefiyer 1I0nTBep)l(neHHHj: roro-aanannoPY.CCK. XVI~XVII BB. nilO (IToep. 1321), nben (IToep. 801); inf. n"bA.TH (ITo~p. 1172); C TeM )l(e ynapennesr OTMe4aeTCH rnaron 'Hap,-eHTbCH': HanteTcA. (Ifbep. 682) H HBHblH UePKoBHocrraBHHH3M B'b3n"L1O (Ilbep. 191); yxp. 0(10, orew; OreTbCR; uaoiocx. naoteiuc» [nocnernnci rnaron, oropaanuracs OT ceMaHTH4eCKH HCKOHHOH rpynnsr d~je- 'scnacri,', nonsepraerca, 1I0-BHnHMOMY, pa3rrH4HbIM, He snonae HCHbIM, BrrHHHHHM, xoropsre cosnaior pasnootipaaae ero aKueHTOBOK B YKpaHHcKoM H3b1Ke; aexoropsre H3 HHX <PHKCHPYIOTCH nocrarosno pano, cp. napsny C IIpHBeneHHbIMH: IOro-3allaAHopYCCI<. XVI~XVII BB. H£AtA.xcA. Il Bep. 712: yxp naan. OKerrexOBcKHH) H:nlHmcH (06061l1eHl1e npacraaosno-ynapasrx <po pM 1-lIpH'IaCTHH B 1I0nBH)I(HOH napanarsre''}. Penaxrsr crapoii 1I0nBH)I(HOCHI 60rree YBepeHHO MO)l(HO YCMaTpHBaTb, 1I0-BHnHMOMY, nnurs B yxp, }],Han.

63

(nOXBHU. y.) HaoiJtTUcfI, «aoiuoc«, Haoi~£WCfI (fpIiHIJCHKO) - C MOp<ponofIiIJCCKIiM BbIpaBHIiBaHIiCM no IiH<pIiHHTliBY.

OCHOBa *deje- B 3HaIJCHHH 'nosreman., xnacrs' H nOCTpOCHHbIC na HCH npHCTaBOIJHbIC HMncp<PCKTHBbI na IJaCTH BOCTOIJHOCnaBHHCKOH TC;PHTOPHH BblTCCHHIOTCH OCHOBOH C CY<P<PHKCOM -va: -iJe8aTb, -iJe851O, oeedeius H non. H nann, IJaCTb BOCTOIJHOCnaBHHCKIiX )],HanCKTOB coxpaaser CC, nO-BHIJ,HMOMY, C HCKOHHOH aKUCHTOBKOH; cp.: PYCCK. )],Han. HaouuYT 'HaIJ,CBaIOT' (HpKYTCKHH 06naCTHOH cnoaaps. ssrn. II. HpKYTCK, 1974, c. 179, sub v. 'n6Tfl2'), o 'aj6liliu 'IJ,CBaCTCH', ao 'ajfc: ao 'aj6c 'c 'u 'OIJ,CBaIOCb, oneaaeursca', pas'o 'ajyc', pas'o 'aj6c C 'u 'pa3IJ,CBaIOCb, paaneaaeursca' (cCJIHrepO-TOp)f(OKCKHC ronopsr, CCJIH)f(apOBCKHH p-H, IJ,. Ilyfiponxn, aanacs c.n. HHKOJIaCBa); IOrO-3anaIJ,HOPYCCK. XVI-XVII BB. (crapoyxp.) olJ,tJ6cA (I'p, rp., A 4a - TOJIKYCTCH KaK fiyn. np, OT OtibB~IOCA, H 3 ,t dIOCA , 'ITO npCIJ,CTaBJIHCTCH COMHHTCJIbHbIM); 6cnop. a03f11b, a03f1eW, a03f1/ Ii non. (Iaauryuis 80).

TaKIiM 06pa30M, OCHOBa *deje- B 3HaIJCHIili 'xnacrs, noveman,' H noCTPOCHHbIC na HCH HMncp<PcKTliBbI <PHKCHPYIOTCJI B BOCTOlJHOCJIaBHHCKoH 06JIaCTii HCKJIIOIJHTCJIbHO (ecna HC CIJHTaTb COMHHTcnbHoro nOKa3aHHH CPHf, 0 IJCM CM. asrure) C KOHCIJHbIM YlJ,apCHIiCM.

PaCXO)f(IJ,CHIiC MC)f(IJ,Y aKUCHTOBKOH OCHOBbI *dl!je- B 3HaIJCHHH 'nenars' H OCHOBbI *deje- B 3HaIJCHIili 'nosreuian., xnacrs' B BOCTOIJHOCJIaBHHCKHX, panHO KaK B03MO)f(HbIC paCXO)f(IJ,CHHH nonotinoro porta B HCKOTOPbIX rpynnax BOCTOIJH060JIrapCKliX TCKCTOB, nO-BIiIJ,HMOMY, HC MorYT 6bJTb HaIJ,C)f(HbIM OCHOBaHHCM IJ,JIH PCKOHCTPYKUHH IJ,BYX OCHOB *d~je-, pa3JIHIJaIOmHXCH aKUCHTOBKOH Ii 3HaIJCHIiCM. BCPOHTHO, 3TH pa3JIHlJHH BTOpHIJHOrO npOHCXO)f(IJ,CHIiH. Hx B03HIiKHOBCHIiC, no KpaHHCH MCpC B BOCTOlJHOCJIaBHHCKHX, MO)f(HO CBH- 3bIBaTb C Mop<PoHonOfliIJCCKOH TCHIJ,CHu;HCH, IJ,CHCTBOBaBmCH B BOCTOIJHOH IJaCTH IO)f(HOCJIaBHHCKOH TCpPHTOpHH H B BOCTOIJHOCnaBHHCKIiX, K 0606mcHHIO naxopeanoro YlJ,apCHHH y rnaronos C KOpHHMIi na -<1-, -'E-, -bl- (nopaIJ,OK rnacnsrx COOTBCTCTBYCT rrOpHIJ,KY "HHTCHCIiBHOCTH" npouecca), BXO)f(IJ,CHIiC pHIJ,a rJIarOrrOB 3Toro THna B BOCTOIJHOCrraBHHCKIiX B CHCTCMY IiMncp<pCKTHBaUHH sanepxano IJ,aHHbIH npouecc, a B nOCJICIJ,HCM CJIYIJac auasano

I

B03HHKHOBCHHC pa3JIHlJHH B YlJ,apCHIiIi: "dejet» 'nenaer' (C HOBbIM ynape-

~mCM) ~ *dejCrb 'IJ,CBaCT' (C coxpaaenaesr craporo COCTOHHHH non BJIHHHHCM COOTBCTCTBYIOmHX HMncp<pCKTliBOB). HIIOC nOJIO)f(CHHC, KaK MbI BIiIJ,CJIIi, C031J,anOCb B CJIOBCHCKOM Ii B KaHKaBCKIiX )],HanCKTaX, rne IiHOC MOP<pOHOJIOrHIJCCKOC YCTPOHCTBO )TOH CIiCTCMbI npHBCJIO K nOIJTIi nOJIHOH yrpare CJICIJ,OB nCpBIiIJHOH a.n. C IiMCHHO B :nOH rpyrme marOJIOB sonpeKii 06mcH TCHIJ,CHUIiIi K coxpanemuo nCpBIiIJHOro pacrtpeneneaas.

4. *ryjCj, *ryjetb ~ *ryj~, *ryjtfb (?). IIoKa3aHHH BOCTOIJHOCJIaBHHCKHX

, I

H3blKOB D IiX JIHTCpaTypHbIX <p0pMax: PYCCK. poto. poeuis: IOrO-3anaUHO-

PYCCK. XVI--XVJI B. P6IIO (IIBcp. 451, nCnKop 5022), yxp. palO, pJew,

6 I ,

eriop. psuo, psietu, - HC HBJIHIOTCH, crporo rosopa, pCJICBaHTHbIMH IJ,JIH

PCKOHCTpYKll,IiH npaCJIaBHHCKoH a.n. IJ,aHHOrO rnarona, TaK KaK yxasaaaue HIJ,HOMbI HC coxpanmor B rpynne rJIarOJIOB C KOpHHMH sa npaCJIaBHHCKHH -y- aKucHTHOH napanarjasr C, KOTopaH no nOKa3aHHHM npyrax CJIaBHHCKHX H3bIKOB fisrna npacyuia Ii mar 'naM aroro Mop<POHonOrHIJCCKOrO KJIaCca. Eute B MCHblllCH CTcnCHH IJ,JIH aroro npHrOIJ,HbI nOKa3aHHH fiorrr. nHTCp. pJfI

~.- .

H CXpB. urrox. puteu, TaK KaK OHH OTHOCHTCH K 30HC uearpanaaauan ax-

UCHTHbIX npOTliBOnOCTaBnCHIiH, 0 KOTOPOH MbI nacana BbIlllC (CM. c. 37). 64

'/

OIJ,HaKO MO)f(HO npCIJ,CTaBHTb PHIJ, IJ,aHHbIX, KOTOPbIC B cosoxynaocra Momli 6b;. YK~3bIBaTb H,a npaCJIaBHHcKYIO a.n. a aroro rrrarona. 3TO: PYCCK. IJ,lfan. POUUT aacsmaer (cCJIHrCpO-TOP)f(OKCKHC roaopsr, CCnH)f(apOBCKHH P-H,

IJ,. Ilyoposxn, sanacs c.n. HIiKOJIaCBa, IJ,lfanCKT, coxpaaaronnni a.II. C rnarOJIa *VyjCtb); cp.-60JIr. (socr.) li3piICTCh. IIc. Kanp, 856, ibpbierch. Hop. nc. 15569 (TCKCTbI, OTHOCHmHCCH K IJ,HanCKTaM, B KOTOPbIX coxpaaaercs pa3JIHIJliC a,KucHTHbIX THnOB B rnaronax C KOpHHMH ua -i-) , 60JIr. IJ,Han_ (6~HaT.) puufJ (CCBCpOBOCTOIJHbIH ficrrrapcxaii roBOP, HC BXOIJ,Hl1(HH B 30HY ~CHTpanH3aUHH aK~CHTHbIX npOTHBOnOeraBJICHHH Y rJIarOnOB C KOpHHMH sa -I-. H COXpaHHIOl1(HIi a.n. C rnarona "vyjets}, 60JIr. IJ,Han. (Wysoka) r~ja, r'1,I~, (Suche) r)jam, (Opeunnnc, <ppaKHHCKHC ncpCCCJICHUhI) p~Uo, p'uew

(26) (IOro-BOCTOIJHbIC fiorrrapcxae rosopsr, HC BXOIJ,HmHC B 30HY HCHTpaJIH3au;H1i aKUCHTHbIX npoTHBonOCTaBJICHHH y marOJIOB C KOpHHMH na -i-}; CJIOBCH. riiem (Plet., Valj. Rad 67, c. 78 H IJ,p. HCTOIJHHKH). IIpH HanHIJHH naurs 3THX IJ,aHHbIX MbI MomH 6bI PCKOHCTpYHpoBaTb a.n. a (*ryjr;, *ryjetb), HC CIJHTaH 3TY PCKOHCTPYKUHIO 3KCTpanOJIHUHCHS 1. OIJ,HaKO B IJ,aHHOM cnyxae HMCIOTCH <paKTbl, IJ,HKTYIOlUHC IIpHMO npOTHBOnOJIO)f(HOC PClllCHHC: IJaK.-KaHK. XVII B. (KpH)f(aHHIJ) PHjCM (fp. 892, 214), J3PH]CM (fp. 214) H CJIOBCH. (crap.) rijejo (3 pl., kug. 187, CM. Valj, Rad 67, c. 78; M. Banaseu OTMCIJaCT, 'ITO 3TO YlJ,apCHHC OH BCTPCTHJI nann, B IJ,aHHOM TCKCTC H nOIJ,TBCp-

)f(IJ,CHIiH CMY 1i3 )f(HBOH PCIJH npHBCCTH HC MO)f(CT). '

Ilns MOp<pOHOJIOrHIJCCKOrO KJIaCCa CTOJIb "HIi3KOH MOl1(HOCTH", KaK KJIaCC marOJIbHbIX KOPHCH rana C (C)y- pOJIb <paKTopa HCOnpClJ,cnCHHOCTH OKa3bIBaCTCH TaK BCJIIiKa, a B03MO)f(HOCTH aaanasa OTHOlllCHHHS 2, B KOTOPbIC scrynaer 3Ta rpynna, HaCTOJIbKO OrpaHHIJCHbI, 'ITO 0lJ,H03HaIJHbIH BbI60p H3 3T1iX IJ,BYX PCKOHCTpYKu;HH 6bIJI 6bI, nO-BHIJ,IiMOMY, H3JIHlllHC Cy6'bCKTHBHbIM. IIPH HalllCM HbIHClllHCM ypOBHC 3HaHHH npaCJIaBHHCKOH axuearyauaoaaoa H MOP<P0JIOfliIJCCKOH CIiCTCM Ii nYTCH HX ncpCCTpOHKH B IJ,OIJCJ.'HHC CHCTCMbI ~bI .,npClJ,nOIJHTaCM ocraaars 06c PCKOHCTpYKu;HH (*rf!jc;, *rfjetb H *ryjr;,

ryjetb), KOTOPbIC MO)f(HO paCCMaTpHBaTb HJIH KaK IJ,Ba anbTcpHaTHBHbIX pClIICHIiH, HJIH KaK IJ,Ba axuearyannoansrx npaCJIaBHHCKHX aapaaara, OTHOlllCHHH MC)f()J,Y KOTOPbIMH HC BbIHCHCHbI.

Il P H M e 'I a H H e. Kposre nolt ansrepaarnsuon peKoHcTpYKUHH, B aacrosurea pa- 60Te lJ,aeTCJI rrpacnaaancxas peKOHCTpYKUHII euie lJ,BYX nap axuenryauaoaaux napaaHTOB: 1. *iemi~tb - *-i~mietb (CM. I 'I., c. 217-222). 2. *zn8jetb - *-znaihb. Ilpa HHBepTHpOBaHHOCTH aKueHTyaUHOHHblX OTHoweHHIt B HHX 06HapYJKHBaeTCJI JIl060nblTHblit rpaMMarH'IeCKHIt napannenaasr, KOTOPbllt noaaonaer npeMOJKHTb orrpeneneanyio oueaxv B03MOJKHOCTH HX pacnpenenenas no nepBH'IHOCTH-BTOPH'IHOCTH. Ofipauraer aa ce6J1 BHHMaHHe TO, 'ITO aropsre BapHaHTbI nolt napsr acnonsaoaanu Mil 06pa30BaHHJI npHCTaBO'lHbIX HMnep<peKTHBOB, rorna KaK rrepasre B cnyvae npHCOelJ,HHeHHJI K HHM npHcraBOK nep<peKTHBHpYIOTCJI' 3. TaK KaK npHCTaBO'lHbIe HMnep<peKTHBbI OT rrepaasHbIX rnaronoa, O'ieBHlJ,HO, penHKTOBOC IIBneHHe, HX 06pa30BaHHe CnelJ,YCT OTHOCHTb

5, "

epCHCCCHHC B PCKOHCTpYHpOBaHHYIO CHCTCMY <pCHOMeHOB noxcpnca CHCTCMbI npa

OTCYTCTBHH rrpasrsrx nOlJ,TBCPJKACHHIt B pcsynsrarc cpaBHCHHJI C lJ,PyrHMH noxepxa-

52 MH CHCTeMaMH, paBHO KaK H npOTHBonOKa3aHHit CO CTOPOHbI nOCnClJ,HHX.

B03MOJKHble OTHOWCHHII naaaoro rnarona C rnaronsaon napoa *rbv~th (inf. rutty-*rujJtb (inf. rsvati) IIHWb COJlJ,aIOT lJ,OnOIIHHTeIIbHbIC TPYlJ,HOCTH, OC06CHHO, 'ITO KaCacrCJI lJ,OKa3aTCIIbHOCTH MaTcpHaIIa Gomapcxoa 06IIaCTH, cp.: Cp.-60III~ Ii CbTP'lIC,!" "c. K~np. 136, 60IIr. lJ,HaH. (6aHaT.):Jarptuq, ucrptuq. npa *trov~tb (inf. tru-

53 tl) - "truiet« (inf. trovatis .

OTHOCHTCIIbHO BTOPH'IHOl'TH HMnep<pcKTHBOB OT OCHOBbI *iemi~tb. eM. I 'I., c. 217- 222.

5.3aK.136 65

K JJ;OCTaTO'lHO paHHeMY BpeMeHH. 06pa30BaHHe npHCTaBO'lHLIX rnaronos OT OCHOBbI *jemj~tb OKa3bIBaeTCJI peraoaansasn«, H B npaCnaBJlHCKOM 3TOT aKl.\eHTyaUHoHHbIII aapHaHT C npHCTaBKaMH, nO-BH}J,HMOMY, Bo06111e He ynorpefinanca. C BapHaHTaMH OT KOpHJI *zna- nonoxenne. KOHe'lHO, 60nee cnosotoe, H npacrasovasre 06pa30BaHHJI OT 060HX H3 HHX cnenyer OTHOCHTb yxce K npaCnaBJlHCKOMY nepHOJJ;Y. OJJ;HaKO eCTeCTBeHHO, 'ITO HMeHHO npHCTaBO'lHbIe neptpexrxast npesenraoa OCHOBbI "JJ;OCTpaHBanHCb" K CHCTeMe, B xoropoa nepBH'IHbIM cnocofioja aupaxeans BHJJ;a 6LIn KOMnneKC BHJJ;O-BpeMeHHLIX rpasoaaravecxnx q,0pM. 3TH co06palKeHHJI 3aCTaBmnOT C'IHTaTb nepBH'IHbIMH axuearyauaoansre BapHaHTbI, coxpaaaaunreca B HMnepq,eKTMBax, r.e. aropsre BapHaHTLi YKa3aHHbIx nap. liTO KaCaeTCJI nepssrx BapHaHTOB, TO, ecnn He 6YJJ;eT JJ;OCTaTO'lHO naJJ;elKHO noxasana HX 6anTO-CnaBJlHCKaJl HnH HHJJ;oeBponellcKlUt JJ;peBHOCTb, OHM nerxo 06bJlCHJlIOTCJI CnaBJlHCKHMH Mopq,OHonOrn'leCKHMH TeHJJ;eHUHJlMH: TeHJJ;eHI.\Hell nepesona TeMaTH'IeCKHX KpaTKocnOlKHbIX (HeaKYTHpOBaHHbIX) rnaronos B nOABHlKHbIII axueirrHbIII THn H rcancauaen "BbIpaBHHBaHHJI" aKueHTOBKH rnaronos C KOPHJlMH na -a- no HcnOJJ;BlIlKHOMY aKueHTHOMY rany, OOCneJJ;HJlIl Mopq,OHonOrH'IeCKaJl TeHJJ;eHUHJI B nonHoll Mcpe oxsarana, npasna, naurs '1aCTb CnaBJlHCKOIl repparopaa, HO He HCKnIO'IeHO, 'ITO B KaKHX-TO cnafisrx TO'lKaX npaCnaBJlHCKOIl CHCTeMbI OHa naxana JJ;ellcTBOBaTb noCTaTO'lHO paso.

2. Barrro-cnanaacxae HCTOKH onacannoro pacnpenenenaa

HeTPYIl,HO y6eIl,HTbCH, 'ITO peKOHCTpYHpOBaHHoe pacnpenenenae axuenrHbIX THnOB npe3eHCOB OT xopaeii I xnacca MaKCHManbHO TO'lHO COOTBeTcrnyer pacnpertenemno 6anTHHCKHX aKueHTyaIJ,}{OHHbIX THrrOB, oTpa3HBIlIeMYCH B axyrapoaaansrx KOPHHX B nane pacnpenenenaa naTbIIlICKHX HHTOHaIJ,}{H (CM. rafin. 13).

EIJ,HHCTBeHHbIH cnaBHHcKHH rnaron, KOTOPbIH OTKnOHHeTCH OT npaaeneaHOH CHCTeMbI cooTBeTCTBHH, 3T0 *myjr;, mYjetb. EMY coornercrnyer nTIlI. mala (praes. maDju, maDnu; praet. mllvu). Y'IHTbIBaHTpYIJ,HOCTH, C KOTOpbIMH CTanKHBaeTCH BOCCTaHOBneHHe axnearnsrx THnOB B CJIaBHHCKHX rnarorrax C KOpHHMH na -y-, TpYIJ,HO HaCTaHBaTb aa rrepBH'IHOCTH cnaBHHCKOH a.rr. sroro rnarona, OIl,HaKO connanenae B narsnncxora psna pa3nH'IHbIX rnaronsasrx xopnea mau- nerxo Morno rrpHBeCTH K HX TOHanbHOMY ssrpaaHHBaHHIO H K BbITeCHeHHIO rrepBH'IHOH nnanaoii HHTOHaUHH namtoro KOpHH. Borree normsre MaTepHanbI naTbIIllCKHX Il,HaneKTOB, MO)l(eT 6bITb, B nansHeHIlIeM CHHMy:r H 3Ty neonpeneneaaocrs.

OCTaeTCH npofinesea na TbIIIICKHX roaansnsrx BapHaHTOB, nna peuienaa KOTOPOH He06XOll,HMO cnenaansnoe accnenoaaaae. 31l,eCb crrenyer JIHIlIb OTMeTHTb, 'ITO 3TH BapHaHTbI nlO60rrbITHbIM 06pa30M crpyrmaponansr B TOH 'IaCTH Ta6nHUbI, rne B cnaBHHCKHX COOTBeTCTBHHX 06HapY)l(HBalOTcH HnH HeMoTHBHpoBaHHble npaaanasra BbI60pa axnenrasrx napanarja axuearxsre

" "

BapHaHTbI, CBH3aHHble C HHbIMH THnaMH OCHOB (denets, stanetb), HnH sa-

pHaHTbI, CHHMaeMble B xone HCCnelJ,OBaHHH KaK BTOpH'IHble, OIl,HaKO pacnpocrpanenasre aa 1l,0BonbHO 06IlIHPHOH repparopaa, rpaaansr KOTOPOH nenocpencraeaao HeCOOTHOCHMbl C rr031l,HHMH H3bIKOBbIMH 06pa30BaHHHMH, H nenoxanasyeseae crporo BO spevennsrx rpanauax.

TaKHM 06pa30M, O'leBHIl,HO, 'ITO peKOHCTpYHpOBaHHoe pacnpeneneaae aKueHTHbIX THrrOB npacnanancxax rnaronos C KOPHJIMH I xnacca H caMH 3TH axneamsre THrrbIS 4 HerrOCpell,CTBeHHO CBH3aHbi C 6anTHHCKHMH rrpocoIl,H'IeCKHMH THrraMH H HX pacrrpenerreaaev H BOCXO/l,JlT K aKUeHTHOH (rrpo-

,. M

arepaansr no PCKOHCTpYKUHII axuearasrx THnOB rnaronos aa -n2- C KOPHJlMH

I xnacca II cnHCKH COKpameHHII 6YJJ;YT npaaeneasr B nocnenaea '1aCTH nacrosuiea pa6oTbl, KOTOpaJi rOTOBIITCJI K CneJJ;YIOmeMY asmycxy "EanTO-CnaBJlHCKHX HccneJJ;OBaHIIl!:".

66

Ta61111ua 13

Ilpacnaaaacrcun JlaTbIWCKlIH:
t:: 1 Ibr (j1. z~r (j)etb * dzir't (ies) (praes. dziru; praet. dZlru)
:s:
... 2 tsr (j!i/, t~r (j)etb ? trit (praes. trinu, trinu; praet. trinu, trlnu) *
os: 3 ' , mIt,.. (praes. minu, mi'(u; praet. minu, minu,
:a mbn~, msnets
:.: 4 melj , m~ljetb malt (praes, malu; praet, malu)
...
:.: 5 koljC;, kbljetb kaTt (praes, ka/~; praet. kalu)
<l)
::I
~ 6 borjlj, bbrjetb bart (praes, bafu, praet. baru)
'"
~ 7 'fiir;_, §zyetb sut (praes. §uju, SUVU, §i1nu; praet. suvu)
:.: 8 krf!je, krt,etb kraut (praes. krauju, kJaunu; praet. krdvu)
IE spet (praes. s/eju, praet. splju) •
:s: 9 sp.N(}, sp 'iet»
= s'ii2, sHjetb
t:i 10 set (praes, seju, praet. seju)
0
t:: 11 pljl1jc;, plj{Jjet" spJai1t (praes. spJauju, praet. sPJOvu)
~ 12 s(ijc;, s{1jetb §aut (praes. §aiiju, 'faf1nu; praet. §/(vu)
1 let-fl,lerm dzeit (praes. dzeru; praet. dzeru)
(napa.: l~re, Zbretb) spe~t (praes, speru; praet. sp~ru)
2 \\ ,
t:: pent, perets
is (napn.: p~re, pbr'),tb)
:IS: 3 \\ , p1t (praes. pinu, pir;u; praet. pinu)
:a PbnlZ' pmet»
is 4 ?Jrj'J' orjetb aPt (praes, aJu, praet, aru)
:.: 5 llj~, lijetb" li$t (praes. leju, praet. leju)
<l)
::I
~ (napa.: Ilj9, Mjetb)
'" "'. ..\ vlt (praes, viju, vinu; praet, viju, vinu)
:IS: 6 VI}(l' viiet»
:a 7 1"1. .\ raut (praes. raDju, raunu; praet. ravu)
~ rUlt;, rUletb ,
:.: (napn.: rov~, rovetb)
~ a lrv~, !ivhb dZlt (CT.-nTW, praes. dzivu)
c 9 bljujr;, bljuj~tb bJaut (praes. bJauju., blaunu; praet. bJBvu)
kUj<t' kuj~t" . " ~ Aka)
10 kaut (praes.kaQju, ka nu; praet. kdvu, vu
I (I .JR.: kgv9, kOV'etb)
11 smijlJ s~, sm~jetb s~ smiet (ies) (praes, smeju (8s); praet.
sm2ju (as))
12 bzjj9, bl~j~tb blet (praes. bl$ju; praet, bl;ju)
13 dl!j~, dlj~tb H d~t (praes, deju; praet, deju)
(HO: di!nft. denets) (BapHaHT: det, deju, deju)
14 dQj<;, do.j tb duot (praes. du8mu, du~du; praet. devu)
15 mIljc;, majh" mOt (praes. mtzju, praet. mtzju)
(BapHaHT: mOt, mOju, mi1ju)
16 stHig, stajhb stat (pra.lIS. staju, praet. stQjU)
/I /I
(HO: stanf{, stdnetv)
" AKUeHTHbIH ran peKOHCTPYHpoBaH H8 OCHOBaHHH CBJl38HHoro c HHM Mopq,OHonOrH'Ie-
cxoro Bbl60pa q,OPM aor . 2-3 sg. I{ part. praet. pass. B crapocnaasncxow xasrxe {CM. I 'I.,
c. 26 I I{ YKa3. T8M p86oTY).
"" Cpaaneuae B03MO)lQ{O, ecna JJ;aHHblii rrrarcn orpaacaer aKueHTHblii THn nepBH'IIWrO
6anTHHcKoro rnarorta "tirti (cp. rnrr. t\rti), Mopq,onO.I'H'IeCKHM npeofipaaonaaaesa KOTOPO-
ro OH, BepO:f.lTHO, RBJIHeTCR. COIJ,H'leCKOH) CHCTeMe,. KOTOPYIO 6e3 CnHIIIKOM IJ,aneKO HIJ,YIlIHX BbIBOIJ,OB MO)l(HO oxapaKTepH30BaTb. KaK npafianrocnaaaacxyro" S

I'i~t.

.

.

,

s OTHOCHTenbHO B03MOlKHOCTH 60nee rnyfioxoro B03BeJJ;eHHJI CnaBJlHCKI{X H 6anTIIIICKHX axuearnux Tl{nOB H I{X pacnpenenenas CM. pafiory: Huxonaee CJI., CTa· POCTUH CA. Oapa}J.HrMaTH'IeCKHe KnaCCbI HHJJ;OeBponel!:cKoro rrtarona - Barrro-

cnaaancxne HccneJJ;OBaHHJI 1981. M., 1982, c. 261-343 .

67

c.n. HlfKOJIAEB

K HCTOPHqECKOA MOP~OHOnOfHH llrEBHEfPEqECKOfO fnAfOnA

Hacroatuaa pafora nocsatneaa aHanH3Y HeKOTOpblX MOp$OHOnOrHqeCKHX xapaKTepHCTHK npeaaerpesecxax HerrpOH3BOn,HblX rnaronsnstx KopHeR H npmcopaessrx Cy$$HKCOB, npacoenaamoutaxca K HHMl •

ITpHKopHeBblMH Mbl aaasraaesa Cy$$HKCbl, 3aHHMalOmHe B cnoaorpopsse nepnoe cnpasa OT KOpHR MecTO.

KaK 6bIDO CKa3aHO, Mbl aaanaaapyera rorrsxo nenpoaasomrsre rnaronsasre KOPHH, T.e. He OTblMeHHble H He B03HHKllIHe B pesynsrare nepepaanosceaaa BHnossrx H npoxax OCHOB2 • ITpHMepoM nocnenaero aanmorcs KOpHH XiW-.H ",av-: HCKOHHO 3TO xCi- H <Iii- (cp., aanpasrep, ~aT~, XcfUKW). OT 3THX xopaeii

I I ( I , 1_ )

06pa30BaHbI HH$eKTbl xaww,,,,aww rro rany ~alJlw npa {3iI,UKW, ~i{3aJ.1t H r.n ..

Ilanee 3TH HH$eKTbl 6bIDH nepeocsrsrcneasr KaK xav-~€·, iiv-kE-, H HOBbie KOpHH xCiv-, ",av- 06pa30BanH CBOH napanarsrsr (aop. XW€w, €",cfvOi7v), HMeHHbie npoassonasre (~1}).

B crarse HeT CHCTeMaTHqeCKOrO orracanas Mop$oHonorHH xaxoro-nafo onpeneneaaoro xpOHOnOrHqeCKOrO cpeaa npesaerpesecxoro aasnca; nanporas, acnonssyrorca naHHble HeCKonbKHX nareparypasrx n,HaneKTOB, H na OCHOBaHl'IH 3aCBHn,eTenbCTBOBaHHbIX $OpM nenaercs nonsrnca peKoHcTpYKUHH HCXOn,HblX Mop$oHonOrHqeCKHX IIpaBHn, nocrpoeuas Mop$oHonorHqecKoR npacxesssr, ffBnmoureaca HCTO~HKOM peansno 3UCBHn,eTenbCTBOBaHHbIX rrOTOMKOB HCXOn,HOH cHcteMbl (CM. euie rrpHMeqaHHe 3) .

Bo MHorHX cnysaax rpesecxae $O]1Mbl, B OCHOBHOM rro rrpH~He $oHeTHqeCKHX H3MeHeHHH, npoacmenurax B naanexrax, HMelOT BHn, MorYmHH npencraBOTh ~TaTenlO onpeneneausre 3aTpYn,HeHHn npa H3yqeHHH MaTepHana: nanpnMep, HCKOHHbIH BHn cnOBO$OpM CHnhHO H3MeHneTcn npa BbIIIa,zJ,eHHH "'w. "'1. "'s

1'1 r.n. Mbl npafieraexs B TaKHX cnysasx K $OHeTHqeCKOH peKOHCTpYKUHH, r.e. naeM npennonaraesryio aa OCHOBaHHH cpasaeaaa $OpM B paanasnsrx rpesecxax naanexrax nH60 BHYTpeHHeH peKOHCTpYKUHH nparpesecxyio $opMY, rrpHqeM BBHn,y npaxrasecicoro, ncnostorarensaoro xapaxrepa 3TOH peKOHCTpYKUHH BOCCTaHaBnHBaTbCn MO)l(eT KaK sea cnoaorpopera, TaK H nann, HHTepeCYlOmuH Hac $parMeHT ee. B 3TH peKOHCTpYUPOBaHHble $OpMbl MorYT BBOn,HTbcn YCTaHaBnHsaesrsre HaMH Mop$OHeMbl; B nocnennesr crryxae peKOHCTpYKUHn 3aKJIIOqeHa B nOMaHble CK06KH (H»). <!)OHeTHqeCKan peKOHCTpYKUHff naerca non 3Be3nOqKOH. 11cKnlOqeHHe COCTaBnnlOT $OpMbl C BOCCTaHOBneHHOH n,HraMMOH (F == [w]) H nOnrHM .a- (TaKHe peKOHCTpYKUHH naiorca 6e3 3Be3nOqKH). 3HaKOM 6) Mbl 0603HaqaeM TeMaTHqeCKHe rrracasre -0-, .a-, o$opMnnlOmHe HMeHa scex pOnOB.

)l.aHHble HCIIonb3YlOTcn B 60nblllHHcTBe cnysaes npesnae: MaTepHan noaxe

IV B. no H.3. npasonarca B pemcax cnysaax (B OCHOBHOM 3T0 naaasre I'ecaxaa), Haura norroxceaaa OCHOBbIBaIOTcn na naanstx npeanerpexecxax rnrreparypasrx n,HaneKTOB Ha~Han C I'ossepa 1'1 KOH'l.an VI B. no H.3.

1

Asrop rnyfoxo npasaarenea B.A. 'uhl60 H BII'I.Bc. HBaHOBY aa ueaasre 1l;0nOJIHeHHlI H sa-

2 MelJaHHII, cnenaaasre BO BpeMlI nOWOTOBKH CTaTbH.

3 HMelOTClI B BHUY BTOpH'lHble 05pa30BaHHlI H3. rpelJeCKOM yposae.

Huxonaee C.n. Ilaa KJIaCca rnaronsasrx xopaea BHua CV(C)CV B npeaaerpexecxoec _

B KH.: KOH<pepeH~HII "np06JIeMhI peKOHCTpYK~HH" (Te3HCbI UOKJIajJ;OB). M., 1978, c. 112; HUKollaee c.n., CTapocTUH CA. napauHrMaTHlJeCKHe KJIaCChi annoesponeacxax rnaroJIOB. - B 1<\1.: OaJITO-CnaBIIHcKHe HCCJleUOBaHHJL 1981. M., 1982.

I1CTO~HKOM 60nhlllHHcTBa nanasrx asnaerca Ilpemterpevecxo-pyccxaii CJIOsaps, COCTaBneHHblH I1.X . Ilaopeuxasr; orryna xe HaMO 3aHMCTBOBaHbi coxpameHHn HCTOqHHKOB; acnonsaoaanacs raiose namrsre npyrax cnosapea" . B Tex crrysaax, xorna Mbl He MornH TOqHO YCTaHOBHTh HaH60nee paHHHH HCTOqHHK rrpHBOn,HMOH $OpMbl (B OCHOBHOM 3TO xacaercs rrpOnYKTHBHblX 06pa30BaHHH

B rnaronsaoa napanarae) , orsresaerca HanH~e nalUlOH $OpMbl Y onnoro H3 paHHHX aBTopOB, nH60, ecna HCTO~HK $OpMbl YCTaHOBHTb He ynaerca, OHa naerca 6e3 CCbIDKH rro cnoaapio Ilsopeuxoro. 3HaK "+" oaaaxaer, qTO naanaa $opMa ynorpetinarracs H Y 60nee rr03n,HHX asropoa.

B OTnH~e OT Tpan,HUHoHHOH cxesssr rnaronsaux spesrennsrx rrpoTHBOrrOCTaBneHHH, Mbl rrpHHHMaeM HHylO BHn,O-BpeMeHHYIO cxe,MY napanarsasr npesnerpeqeCKOrO rnarona, a HMeHHO: a) HMeeTcn TpH sana - aopacr, HH$eKT H neprpetcr; 6) HMeeTcn TpH BpeMeHH - npeaeac, nperepar H $YTYPYM. Tpan.HUHOHHble Ha3- BaHHn spesrea neperracsrsaiorca cornacao 3TOH cxesre cnenYlOmHM 06pa30M:

Ta6JIH~a 1

TpaAII~OHHaH HOTa~H HOBaH HOTa~H Corcpauiesrae
Ilpeaeac Ilpeseac HH<peKTa HH<p.
HMnep<peKT Ilperepar HH<PeKTa nper, HH<p.
AOPHCT Ilperepar aopacra aop.
Ileprpexr Ilpeseac neprpexra nepq»
TInlOcKBaMnep<peKT Ilperepar neprpexra nper. neprp,
cJ)yTYPYM cI>YTYPYM HH<peKTa <PYT.
cI>YTYPYM II cJ)yTYPYM aopacra <PYT. aop.
cI>YTYPYM III cI>YTYPYM neprpexra <PYT. neprp. He npasona anecs rpaseaarmecxoro 060cHoBaHHn TaKHX 0603HaqeHuH, YKa)!(eM na TO, qTO HHTepeCYlOmHe Hac 06pa30BaHHn C npaxopneasrsm cy$$HKcaMH 06pa3YIOT B OCHOBHOM HMeHHO sanoasre OCHOBbl (nepp., aop., HH$.) , apeMeHHbie )!(e noxasarena CTonT B 60nblllHHcTBe cnysaes aa BTOPOM H nanee MecTax cnpaaa OT KOpHn.

1. HEKOTOPblE MOP4IOHOnOfHQECKHE XAPAKTEPHcrHKH KOPHEA C KPATKHM AYCnAYTHblM fnACHblM

H CBH3AHHbiE C HHMH MOP4IOHOnOfHQECKHE cBoAcrBA nPHKOPHEBblX CYcI>cI>HKCOB

Ha nepaosr arane HCCnenOBaHHn HaM npencroar asmemm, rpynnsr rnaronsHhIX xopaeil cornacao HX aycnayry,

PaCCMOTpHM 06pa30BaHHn C HeKOTOpblMH cy$$HKcaMH, HMelOmHMH CMblqHhtii aanayr, a HMeHHO: -Ta" -11.0-, -T~- (orrrraronsasre cymecraarensasre}, -rp$-, -ThEll-, ~pt&- H -OAt!}- (orrnaronsnsre HMeHa), HH$eKTHbIH Cy$$HKC

4

B pa60re HCnOJIb30BaJIHCb MaTepHaJIhI, nouepnayrsre B OCHOBHOM H3 cJleUYIOIllHx HCTOlJ-

HHKOB: rpUH6aYM H.C. H3h1K npesaerpexecxoa xoposoa JIHpHKH (nHHUap). KHIIlHHeB, 1973; .aeopel4KUU If.X. ,UpeBHerpelJeCKo-PYCCKHlI: CJIOBapb, T. 1-2. M., 1958; Bacchylide~. Cannina cum fragmentis post Brunorem Snell, edidit Hervicus Maehler. Leipzig, 1970; Bailly A. Dictionnaire Grec-Francais, Paris, 1950;Buck C.D., Petersen W. A reverse in-

dex of Greek nouns and adjectives arranged by terminations with brief historical introductions. London, 1944; Capelle C. Vollstaendiges Woerterbuch des Horneros und der Ho-

meriden. Leipzig, 1889. .LQ

'La fi n a u a 2

Cyq,qmKc Tpy rma 1 I'pynna 2 Fp yrma 3
y 1 I 06-TT/<;
-tos: €X€-Tae; {3VK -TT/<;
J/ 1 A6-TPOV
-Tp61- apO-TpOV <pLA-TPOV
-8 p(f}- KP€J,J.b.-Opa 1Lp-opov {3a-op6v
1 ea-Ow KV,J-OW
-O€- <.pAey€-OW
1 -s- - /
-~- (HH<p.) «peua-uai €L-J,J.L .pa-J,J.L Ta6nHua 3

KOPHH cvev

-%- lfHq,eKTa -T~- -Ta~ -Tpe-, -rAID- -Bpe-, -BAtB- -BE HHq,eKTa
~A€-To-e; y I y/
aA€-TT/e; aA€-TpO-e;
~ I 'I ~ I >1
aoo-ueuo; aoo-ro-c apo-T'T/e; apo-roo-v
y I hE-TAT/
€X€-TT/e; ,,(€vl-8AT/
1 /
"(€V€-TT/ "(€V€-TT/e:
I / 0 -
Kp€J,J.a-J,J.aL Kp€J,J.a- pa rr€Ad-Ow
I
I rr€Aa-TT/e; T€AE-OW
T€A€-TT/
{3L~-J,J.€OOa /
(3w-To-e; y I
" /
€P,,(€-TT/-IJ €ppa-TT/e; Ta c n a u a 4

KOPHH eve

-0- HHq,eKTa -Te- -Tii~ -Tp6)-, -TA(j)- -BptB-, -BAID- -BE IfHq,eKTa
, I Y/ 0 .
(ap-m-w) ap- po-v
, I
.pOP-TO'1 .p€P-TPO-V
owtm-ro; aK77rr-Tpo-v
, ,
XV-Toe; XV-Tpa ;)/
J/ €a-Ow
€O-J,J.€lJat /
K€L-J,J.aL KOL-TT/ I
o~x-amL O€K-TT/<; I ')

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CY<P<pHKCbI, Be)J,eT ce~H aynesoii noxaaarens arexsaranecicoro HH<peKTa 6e3 e-peAYIIJIHKaIl,IDf (rana K€pa-J,J.at) _ KOPHH B nepesacnemrsrx 06pa30BaHHHX pacnpeAenHlOTCH no rper-i OCHOBHbIM rpyrmasr (raon. 2).

IIepBM rpyrma xopnea xapaxrepasyerca scerna KpaTKHM aycnayrasnr KOpHeBbIM rnacasns. Y xopneii BTOPOH rpynrrsi KOHe'lHbIH rnacasra OTCYTcTByeT. KOpHH rperseir rpyIIIIbI HMelOT AOJIrHH (qepe)J,YlOIIl,HHCH C KpaTKHM) rnacHbIH B 70

aycnayre. ,KOpHH nepaoa rpyrmsr MbI 6YAeM ycnosuo Q_603HaqaTb KaK evev, BTOPOH rpynnsr - KaK eve, rpersea rpynnsr - KaK cv.

Ilepevacneansre ssnne CY<P<PHKCbI, a TaK)I(e see nposae, npa KOTOPbIX KOpHH BeAYT cefix nOAo6HbIM 06pa30M, 6YAeM Ha3bIBaTb CY<P<PHKcaMH I xnacca.

B rafin. 3 MbI npHBO)J,HM IDInlOcTpamBHbIH MaTepHan no o6pa30BaJlHHM c nepe~cneHHbIMH CY<P<PHKcaMH OT xopneii evev. IIpHMepbI xopnea eve npHBe)J,eHbI B rafin, 4_

HH)I(e AaeTCH cnHCOK orrrrarorrsnstx cyrprpaxcarrsasrx npOH3BO)J,HbIX c cY<P<pHKcaMH I xnacca. Cxesia cneAYlOIIl,M: npOH3BO)J,Hble npHBO)J,HTCH no CY<P<PHKcar-r, BHyTpH Ka){(,ll;oro TaKoro pasnena crrasana HAYT 06pa30BaHHH OT xopnea evev, aaresr - eve H ev. IIpH Ka)l(AOM npHBO)J,HTCH ero HCTO'lHHK (B COKpa. IIl,eHIDf) H O)J,HOKopeHHM cnonapaas <popMa rnarona, TaKaH cxer-ra (C HeKOTOpbIMH MOAH<pHKaIl,HHMH) npHWna)J,1IH MaTe pa ana BO ncea crarse.

Cy<llcllHKCbI -tiis; -TLe; (-TLD-)

I ", ;,! J I J '_ (

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~/" I I ( / ) 3 ... / (E

apxw); ,,(alJ.€Tae; (Aesch+, "(aJ,J.€w); "(€V€TT/e; Aesch+, "(L,,(voJ,J.aL ; €l\aTT/<; pr,

• ,. ~ I ( cl, ') RnO :> C <

€Aavvw); €1f€me; (Pind), MHKeH_ he-qe-ta €rrOJ,J.aL cnenosars ; fA" IJ-PP€LTT/<;

< *-ap€FJTae; (H+, p~(F)w); ~p"(d.TT/e; (Hen+, (F)Epow); ~p€TT/e; (H+, €p~aaw);

, JI C Ie/ ( h s1 ) - / - (P' d .LJ-)

eX€TT/e: (Pind+, €XW); LI<€TT/e: (H+), LK€TLe: Aesc +, LKW ; «parrera: In, Kpa~W ;

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, '/ / £ ' )'''' / (S h

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O.pE~AW; -€L- BMeCTO -€- B HIDIaYTe no aaanoraa C HH<PeKTOM, rne -etA- < *-€Av-);

,. . J / c > / JI) !: / (lb »

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/ <,' <-I , h /)~ R""

.pWKW)- ~VP€TT/e: (Anacr+, €VPWKW); ote.perns: (Hesyc ., oteux» ; €KaTT/-, . .>€I\€TT/<;

(H+ (3aXAW)' -{3P€J,J.tTT/<: (H+, (3PEJ,J.W); DparrETT/e; (Her+). ~X€Ta<; (Hes+, (F)axtw).

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I ' I I r s I 3 I ) J'

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.L

rra"(vvJ,J.L). _,. " / " ' I

KOpHH ev: {3OTT/e: (H+, {30uI<w); aT/TT/e; (H+, ii.(F)1}J1.L); DVT1}e; (Her, DVW);

I , , ':1 ... I (H.]'" /

(=)KTLTT/e: (H+, ~TLJ1.€Voc;); rrOTJle; (Arph, rr€rrwI<a); pl\T/TT/e; ,~, asaoua: I

'6nY){(,ll;aTb'); O€TT/e; (Hel+' Ti.8WL); DOTT'/e;)H+, DrliWJ,J.L); mae; (Aesch, TWVJ,J.at); -KA[TT/e; (Xen+,I<Aww); 'Ev-€T17 (H+, LT/J,J.L).

Cy<ll<llHKC -T6-

Paccvarpaaaiorca rorrsxo cyuiecraarensasre C TaKHM Cy<P<PHKCOM. IIpH 3TOM HCKnlOqalOTCH cy6cTaHTHBHpOBaHHble orrnaronsnsre npanararerrsnsre na

, /

-7$- rana TO A€trrTOV H T .rr. '" /

3 I s I ~ '( _" ) _ / _,

KOpHH CVCV: aKaTT/ (H+, arra.pwI<w); apetn H+, apeatcca ; aTT/ <29a-

Ta < *tu<a-Ta (H+, 'b.(F)aw); ~torcx, {3W-nl (H+, (3tOW); "(€V€Trf (H+, tid';

, /" ;) , ) :> / (H-

VOJ,J.aL); J,J.€A€TT/ (Hes+, J,J.€AW); aA€TCX (Plut, aA€W ; a-wqoaro; +, «eoau-

- / , >, "(H ~, ) R /

VVJ,J.L): T€A€TT/ (Pind+, T€A€W): apOTcx/apOToe; es+, apow , ",POX€TO<;

71

(Anth. P., (3p.hw); OaxE70<: (SOpt+, obxvw); If/1E701; (Her+, (F)E/1t'W); 8ava.

~ I I .I..~I ( ~ I) I

TO<; (H+, 8vaOKW); KajJ.aTO<; (H+, Ka/1VW); u,uajJ.aTO<: H+, ua/1aw ; Vt1PETO<:

I f _ I" I "(;. I ' q

(H+, Vt.pw); TOKET<J<; (Anth. P., TtKTW); VETO<: (H+, VW); EP1rETOV (H+, Ep1TW);

I ( ') JI ( 'I) ~ I (

aKEAETO<; Anth, aKEA~W ; ·EUXETO<: EUXO/1at; cg. raiose EUXETao/1at H);

{3P~"ET<X- (I:!esy~h., (3PVKW); a]!1r€TC)\ (H~sych. ,aft1Tw)_j {3pvxm{<: (Hesrch, ~pilxw); 1TVt'YETO<: (Hesych , 1TVt'YW); EP'YET'YW ·EP'YaataV (Hesych , (F)EpOW); 'Yap.ETr{ (Aesch+, 'Yap.EW).

e ' '( ')' I o C 1

KOpHH ye: aKTT/ H+, aKaX/1EVO<; ; aoprn (Arst, G.FEtpW); EtP'KTT/ <

< *fflEP'Y-Ta (Her+, eep'Yvu/lt); KOtTf/, Ko71-0<: (H+, K€t/1at); 1rA€KT~ (Aesch+,

1 I 1 o( .J.. 1

1TAEKW); voaTO<: (H+, VEO/1Cl4); aKTj1TT <: Aesch+, <1Ka1TTw); [.pOPTO<: 'nnere-

t \J. I I I I

HaH Kop3HHa' (H+, .pEpw4, XUTO<: (Aesch, XE(F)W); /10PTf/ (Poll+, /1Et.pO/1at);

OalTf/ (H+, oalvV/1t/; 1T//11TTr/ (Hes+, 1Tl/11TW); [1TUxTcl (Arst+, 1Tt'YVU/1t)].

KOpHH ev: &€Tf/ (H, &~f//1t); m)To<: (Xen+, 1r~1Tw"a); 8e-m (Hesych,

~LJ ) ) I (H ~{F»"" I (H J.I.)

TwTj/1t ; aTjTTj es+, "'\ Tj/1t; aUT1J +, avw .

eyCPCPHKC -TptD-

~I ~ I >1 J I 1

KOpHH evev: aooroou (H+, apow); EAVTPOV (Soph+, etAUW); AoeTpov

(H+, AO(F)&.,;); dPETPOV (H+,?nrpcfw); .pp(yyETPOV (Polyzel+, .ppT;yw);

[ t _ I ( / <I IJ

.paperpa, .pEPETPOV (Polyb+, .pepw - HO rosrep. <PEPTpOV»); eupetpa (Diog,

E~p{aKW)'

, I ,./ CI:>/ /

KOpHH eve: &epTpov(H, OEpW); euorpa (Arph, evw < *euaw); &atTp0<:

(H+, oa.Wvi.lt); ~waTpov (H, ~c.Jvvii/1t); 8~MTPov (Soph, 8~A'YW); 8p/1rTPOV

(H ') ... ' (H I • ) I ( h

, TPE.pW ; I\EKTPOV +, AZ'YW yxnansrsare II nocrens' ; Vt1rTPOV Aesc +,

vf~w); 1rAi/KTP<!f (Soph+) 1rAa'YvV/1t); aywTPov (Arst, ae[w < *aE(aw); alril- 1rTpOV (H+, aKa1rTW); ipeprpo» (H+, .pEPW - cp. asnne 60nee n03Jl,HHe

I I_ I I I _ / 1

<pEPETpOV/I{XLp'ETpa); .ptATPOV (Pind+, .ptAEW); I/If/KTIJa (Soph+, 1/171'](W)' aA"tTPO<:

( I I 1.1, ~' I

H+, cp. aAEt-Tf/<:); topaicroo» (Arph, Tapaaaw); aAet1TTpOV (Arph+, aAEt.pw);

KaAV1rTpa (H+), Q.va-"b.AV1rTPOV (Eur+, KaAV1rTw); XVTP(j, (Arph+), XVTpoC;(Her+, xe(F)w); ot-2:rrTpa (Euclid+, '(iaao/1<U); ~vaTpa (Hipp+, ~tiw).

KOPHH Cv: A6TPOV (Pind+, A6w); .pvTpa (Hesych, .pvw).

ey<t><t>HKC -t'}X$-

I I 1;)/

KOPHH evev: 'YEVE8A1J (H+), 'YevE8Aov (Aesch+, 'Yt'Yvo/1at); EOE8AOV <

,. (.1 I

< *aEoe-8Ao-v (Aesch+, t~W < *awo-w).

KOPHH ev: (5,e8Ao<;, &:8AOV (H+, "ii(F)f//1t).

CyCPCPHKC -TAe-

• I ;;,1

KOPHH evev: EXdAf/ (Hes+, EXW).

KOPHH ev_e: xVrAOV (H+, xiJF)w). KOPHH Cv: .pVTAT/ (Pind+, .pvw). .

CyCPCPHKC -8 p$-

I 1,)/ ~I _ c I

KOPHH e,:"ev: KPE~a8pa (Arph+, KPE/1aWUI1L); OAE8po<: (H+, OAAU/1t); PEE-

8pov (H+, PE(F)w); {3EPE8puv({3apa8povs (H+, (3t{3pc.JaKw).

5 *(3lpaOpov (?). Cp.: Kurytowicz 1. L'apophonie en indoeuropeen, Wroctaw, 1956, p. 208, note 5.

72

I

KOPHH eve: ~p8pov (Soph+, apap{aK~).

KOpHH CV: {3<iepov (Hes+, (31l3a/1t); A~8pov (H), AVopo<: (H+) 'xponasaa rpass' (cp. npyrae npOH3BOp;HbIe - AV/1a, A6/1T/)6.

CyCPCPHKC -8E- HHcpeKT3

-I , 1 I

KOpHH cvcv, /1Era-KtaJJw (H, Kt(F)w); ve/1E8o/1at (H, VE/1W 'n3CTH')'

1TEAd.8w (Eur ... , 1T€Aa/1at); *.paFti8w B .pC1£8wv('VT-) (H+, m.pWaKw); .pAE-' 'Y1:.8w (H+, .pA€'YW); Eudl(JW (Soph+, (F)E{KW 'ycTYIIaTb'); 8aAE8w (H+, 8d.AAW). Crona xe 'YT/8€w < *'YaFE-ek-tW (H+, cpo 'Ya{w < *'YaF-tW)7.

KOpHH eye: ;)/;a8w (H+, (;ow). " ~

KOPHH ev: "vMw (Arst+, KVaW); ~8w (Plat+, vtw 'npacrs'}; 1rA~8w (H+, 1T[p.1TATjl1t); 1Tp~8w (H+, 1r4,t1rPT/lJ.L); a~8w (aaw 'npoceasars'}; 1rU8w (H+, cpo Ota-1row) 'rHHTb'.

CyCPCPHKC ~- HHcpeKT3 6e3 t-pe)l.ynnHK3~H

~''>-''-' 1 I I

KOPHH evev: IIpeT. Imcp. EKtaTO· EKtVEtTO (Hesych, KtFw); *{3W/1<U: {3w-

ueooo. 1 pl. (HH, {3ww);~pal1:ftL (H+, epdw); ({'Y~a.t (H+); Kpl/1ap.at (H+) Me/1at < *OF[~E-/1a.t (H+); TE/1<U < *aF(u;-/1at (H+);~vo/1at (H+); E7pvl1<U<

< *'F 1 (H ) A-. ) I n ~ 1 ~ I_

E epu-uai +; npH'I. HH't'. apouevo; (H, apow); a-xauas; (-VT-): crapoe

npH'I. OT *K~a/1t (H+); &-&d./1a<:1 (-VT-): crapoe npnx. OT ~o6pQl.(' (Hes+); nper. HHq,. OEaTO (H+), HHq,. Seartu:» OOKEt (Hesych.); 1rETap.at 'nerers' (Hes+)

) I 31 ) f 0/ I

Kopaa eve: El.IJt, EOTt/EOTt (H+) '6bItb'; EL/1t (H+) 'H)l.TH'; 1 MH. rev-

/1E8a < *'Yda-/1e8a (Pind, 'YEVW)' fia-rat (H+) 'caners' (xopeas ~a-); cla/1at 'onenarsca' (H, *Fea-/1at); Ke~at (H+) 'nexars' (*KTjt-/1at); cl/1<U < *(fFw/1<U

. I I"

'p;YMaTb' (Dem+); 3 en, nonen. t/liPTW (H, IjJEpW); aTeVllat (H+, *aTT/~/1at);

3 MH. &haT<U (H, OEXO/1at),

- I >1 ~I :11 I

KOPHH ev: QYQ/1t (H+); aT//1L (H+, *aFT//1t) nper. HHep. €"VVT/ (H, VEW

'npacrs'] .

TIOMHMO nepesacneartsrx asnne, ecrs eute HeCKOnhKO CyepepRKCOB I xnacca, paanaxaioutax KOpHH Tpex BHp;OB.

Bo-nepnsrx, 3TO TeMaTR'IeCKHe HHepeKTbI, BTOpR'lHO 06pa30BaHHhIe OT KOpHeii evev, coficraeauo, OT aTeMaTH'leCKHX HHepeKToB (CM., HaIIpHMep,

ratin. 5).

I1H<t>eKTaM, npep;CTaBnHIOmHM c060n napsi K aTeMarn'leCKHM (nma ssnne npaaeneaasrx) , B napanarjae R HMeHHbIX npOH3BOp;HbIX coOTBeTCTBYIOT 06- pa30BaHHJI, HMeIOlllHe nH60 scerna KpaTKHn aycnayrasia rnacHhIn KOPHH, nH60 KOpHeBaH Mop;HepHKaUUH e (V) ev (0 Hen CM. HHlKe). KOPHHMH TaKRX HHq,eKTOB JlBnJlIOTCJI KOpHH evev.

npyrHM BUP;OM TeMarn33UUR KopHeBbIX HHepeKTOB xopaeii evev aanserCH HX o<t>opMneHHe CnO)f(HbIM CyCPepHKCOM -*&te- (> ~e) (ra6n. 6).

TIpHBell.eM cnHCOK BTOPH'lHbIX TeMaTH'leCKH; HHepeKToB OT KopHen evev:

... ' I, 1 , I;}, ~ I;} ~ I

/1EI\EW, 1rEAaW, E/1EW, .KaAEw, TEAEW, aAEw, €tAUW (*eFEAv-), EMVW

6 3m $OpMbl o6pa30BaHbl OT rnaronsaoro KOpHH AI). 'nasxars' (cp. nar. pol-luii c TeM lKe If.-e. KopHeM). CXOP;CTBO C ceM. ·l~m (aKKAA. lu!:,mu, yrapar. ml~m'i) CKOpee acero CJlyqaAHO.

7 Strunk K. Nasalprasentien und Aoriste. Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie des Verbums im Indo-Iranishen und Griechishen. Heidelberg, 1967, S. 76 et al,

73

Ta6nHua 5

ATeMaTH'IeCKHH HHq,eKT TeMaTH'IeCKaH napa
7 / I
( a-)8 UJ1a-VT- Saua-co
~tb-pea8a ~tO-w
, 1
>/ €pa-w
epa-pat , 1
tf.'Ya-pat a'Ya-opat
I
/ «peua-c:
«peua-ua: > 1
e{pu-pru. €tPU-w
, I
:J / apo-w
aoo-uevo: IT a 6 n H U a 6

I I1Hq,eKTbl aa -0 'E- )J;pyrHe 06pa30BaHHH, YKa3bIBaJOIUHe aa BHA
CVCV
I ;)/ , I
a'Ya-~ oua: a'Ya")1cu, a'Yajopat
1T€Aa-~W 1T€Aa-W, 1T€Aa-Bw
,. 1
I<€a-~w €Zi-I<€a-To<: (*hF€AI<U-), Mw (aFaw), I<a"ww, apl<€w, POA~W, orepe:», OAeOpat, av-aAOw

, I , I (_) • ..,1 > <:1

(*hFaAo-), ouoouai, 1]X€W Fa-, €I\aw, a-wno et», _

Eute O}:UIHM CY<P<pHKCOM I xnacca HBrrHeTCH -a-, He HMeIOUJ;HH onpenenerraoro 3HaqeHHH,HaXO)l;Hrn;HHCH rrocrre KOpAA nepen )l;pyrHMH HOPMaJIbHO npnKopHeBbIMH CY<P<PHKcaMH, aanpavep, nepen aopHCTHbIM -6-, CY<P<PHKCOM orrnaronsnsrx npanararensnsrx -TEe- H r.n. Coseraaae -ov- naer -woo B rafin, 7 rrpHBo)l;HTCH MaTepHaJI no 06pa30BaHHHM C CY<P<PHKCOM -a-.

Ta6nHua 7

KOPHHCVCV

<l>OPMbl C Cyq,q,HKCOM -0-

TIpO'lHe rrpOH3BOAHbie

:JI ;) I

a'YQ.I.fflt; a'Ya~opat

(iA€TO<:; aAew

" I

ap€T1]

, I .;> I

€AaT1]<:; €AaW

c€At<UW

:J /

aop. a'Yaaaap1]v (H)

I aop. 'b.Aeaaa (H); neprp. aA~Aeapat <PYT. apeaaopru. (H); apeaTb<: (Her+) aop. 'haaaa (H)

'eAl<uanS,~w (*hF€At<UaTu-) (H)

1- ~I (H)

nepcunnnu; aop.€I<€paaaa

I<P€puvvvpt (H+); aop. hP€pda81]v; «peuaorb: (Soph)

fWP~VVUpt (H+); aop. ~1<6peaaa (H) aop. Ao~aaat (H)

74

I «peuauai

, I a-I<Op€TO<:

AO€TPfw

T a 6 n H U a 7 (oKOH'IaHHe)

<l>OPMbl C Cyq,q,HKCOM -0-

TIpo'IHe rrpOH3BOAHbie

aop.bA€aaat(H)

2 I

aop. ouoooai (H)

~JlloaT6<: (H + )

:1 I

aop. €paXeaaUJ11]v (H)

<pyt. 1T€AaaaW (H)9

(a)I<€8avvvpt (H+); aop. ~al<€8<ia81]v (H+)

:1/ ;) / :J I

aOf. aaaa, tuuuurqu (H) aaw

(*aFa-a-a-)

aop. aTOP€a(a)ru. (H+); aTOp€VVVpt (H+)

~ ~- /

aop. €T€Aeaaa (H); T€AeaT1]pWV

(Xen+)

~ I ;) I ~I ~ I

I aop. ttpaooaunv (H); €paaT1]<: (H) €papat; €paw

it-I<~8eaTO<: (H+) a-I<1]8€w

I; n p H M e 'I a H H e. Crapoe CO'leTaHHe 00 « a + o,'a TaK)I(e nenransnsia +0) cnopaH'IeCKH COXPaHJIeTCJI y I'ojaepa, Ilaanapa H I'ecaona (00/0). Y 60nee n03AHHX aBTOOB COBImAaeT C a,

C CY<P<PHKCOM a CO'leTaeTCJI naun, OAHH reopens CVC - XE F- (nanparaep, XVOT<~';) . 06pa30BaHHJI OT xopaea CV BeChMa MHoro~cneHHhI, OHH npaaenensr B 'IaCTH 2 KaK <pOPMhI OT nepesncnerunax TaM xopnea.

(fvopat

I paX€T€OV;

1T€Afr~W

* * *

Bsmenas rpyrrny tcopneji, HMeIOUJ;HX B aycnayre KpaTKHH rnacnsra (KOpHH BH)l;a CVCV) , paCCMOTpHM coxeranax TaKHX xopaea C )l;pyrHMH CY<P<pHKCaMH, npa KOTOPbIX nosertenae KOpHeH CVCV OTITHliaeTCH OT HX noaeneaaa rrpH CY<P<PHKcax I xrracca.

PaCCMoTpHM caaxana 06pa30BaHHH C HeKOTopbIMH CytP.<PHKcaMH C aHJIaYT-

, *" I 1 0 I IF'" (

HbIM CMbI'lHbIM, a HMeHHO: -TWP, -T1]P, -repui, -ct- ,-T(JJ- H -T€ <11- orrna-

ronsaste npanararerrsasre }, -81]- (aop. na~c.). KOPHH npHBo)l;HMbIX B rafin, 8 <P0PM HMeIOT BH)l; CVCV.

Ta6rrHua 8 pa36HTa Ha )];Be qaCTH: B I npHBO)l;HTCH KOpHH C aycrraYTHbIM COHaHTOM, BO II - C aycnayrnsrsr llIYMHbIM. (Bnecs H B )l;aJIbHeHllIeM MbI oY)l;eM Ha3bIBaTb aycnayrasn-r KaK KOHe'IHbIH cornacasni xopaea CVC, TaK H nocrrenaaa cornacasni xopnea CVCV).

KaK KOpHH aa llIYMHbIH, TaK H KOpHH aa COHaHT eCTeCTBeHHO pa36HBaIOTCH aa TpH rana rro CBoeMY rrOBe)l;eHHIO rrpH )l;aHHbIX Cy<P<pHKCax. Cnenyer cnenars mnns O)l;HO npnxresaaae: B COHaHTHbIX KOPHHX l-ro rana ayenaYTHbIH rnacasia COXpaHHeTCH, a B KOPHHX aroro rana na llIYMHblH - asrnanaer (Ta6rr.9).

8 )J;onroTa B 1.j{1.XT/T~~ aeper ynapaa (cp. /JaXETfoIJ) - 3AeCb OJl(HAanOCb 6b1 -E- (CM.

9 c. 70 H crren.) . 1

OAHaKo MOlKeT paccsaa'rpaaa rsca H KaK q,opMa OT 7rEAa-O- (cp, 7rEAa(w).

10 -6,- < <r»:

KOPHH CVCV C COHaHTHblM aYCJlaYTOM

Aycnayrasra maCHbIH: KopHeii: THIlOB 2 H 3 HBnHeTCH HCKOHHO ,ll;onrHM; OH nonor B nonaoa CTYIleHH sepenosaaaa. qepe,ll;OBaHHe nonrorsuxpar-

- '" I

KOCTH 3,ll;eCb aaanorasao IlPOHCXO,ll;HllleMY B KOPHHX CV (axf/l1a: ax€OLe:-

'" / J I I J I~I

cpo (3iiJ1a : /3aate:; TaK )l(e cl1aXf/aCl/1f/v: l1aX€T€OV, aooroc : apwl1a H T.Il.) -

nonpoeaee CM. HH)I(e.

KopHH. l-ro rana B ornaxae OT mIlOB 2-3 HMeIDT B ,ll;aHHoii: caoea MO,ll;H<pHKlIllHH acerna xparxaa aycnayrasni rnacasra.

THIl 3 COCTaBnHIDT KOpHH, B KOTOPbIX IlPOHCXO,ll;HT CHHKOlla annayraoro

1\1' / ~, I ,.", .J.,:.

rnacaoro: cp. axJIl1a, aX€TOC: npa t:XW < *a€x-w; /3pwate: npa /3op-a H T.Il.

THIl.2 BbIIla,ll;eHHH cpenaaaoro rnacaoro He nOKa3bIBaeT. TaK )l(e HHKOr,ll;a He OblBaeT CHHKOIl.bI B KOpHHX l-ro rana 1 1 •

CKa)l(eM HeCKOnbI<O enos 06 ycnosaa CHHI<OIIbI HHJ1aYTHoro rnacaoro.

He 6bIBaeT ee B KOPHHX C KOHCOHaHTHblM CO'leTaHHeM B KOHue. He CHHKODHpyroTCH nonrae rnacasie - OHH coxpauiaiorca (BH,ll; CVCV H3MeHHeTCH B

v I I 12 "'" ..,

CVCV, uanpassep K€KMf/-a-Ol1at npa KM-W ). He CHHKOIlHpyroTCH -t- H -U-.

Ilanee, BH,ll;HMO, He 6blBaeT CHHI<OIIbI B Tex I<OpHHX, rne npa Heii: B03HHKaIDT HeB03- MO)l(HbIe B rpesecxoss BHYTpHMop<peMHble CO'leTaHHH (rana *I1X, *1I"K H r.n.):

CHHI<Olle 1l0JJ;BepraIDTcH TOnbKO HHJ1aYTHbIe MOPCPoHonOrH'leCKHe KpaTKHe -eo, -0-, -a-, ecna HX ssmaneaae He IlPHBO,ll;HT I< B03HHKHOBeHHID aanpeuienHblX CO'leTaHHH: cornacasix.

Marepaan noxassraaer, 'ITO BO 2-M rane HaXO,ll;HTCH 06pa30BaHHH OTi icopaea, CHHKona rnacnoro B I<OTOPbIX HeB03MO)I(Ha; nanporaa, I<OpHH 3-ro rana He HMeIDT npenarcraaa K raxoa CHHKone. TaKHM 06pa30M, KOpHH 2-ro H 3-ro ranos MopCPOHonOrH'IeCKH nononaarensao pacnpeneneHbI.

C06CTBeHHO roaopa, HHJ1aYTHbrH rnacHbIii: KopHeii: 2/3-ro THnOB HaXO,ll;HTCH B HyneBoii: nH60 peAYUHpOBaHHOH cTyneHHx '1epe,ll;OBaHHH (1l0,ll;p06Hee 0 HX peanaaauaa 6Y,ll;eT CKa3aHO B 'I. 3 nacrosutea CTaTbH, KOTOPaH 6Y,ll;eT onynnaxoaaaa B KH. Barrro-cnaaaacicae accnenosaaaa. 1983), 1l03TOMY

OH asmanaer HJ1H coxpauiaerca.

AycnaYTHbIH: rnacasni B 3THX KOPHHX nonor B 1l0nHOH cryneaa sepenoBaHHH, nosrosry OH TOnbKO coxpauiaerca, HO He ornanaer, HariPHM~P, xopeas Kiic5A-HMeeT B CO'leTaHHH C CYCPCPHKCOM II xnacca CPOPMY Ka.of/- (Kao-w : K€· KaO~-aw); ap€F€- ~ apv(F)f/- (-P€{TT/e: < *P€F€-Tf/e: : ~-pp~-v). B KOpHHX I-re THlIa KOHe'IHbIH rnacasra scerna I<paTOK, 1l03TOMY OH H MO)l(eT aIlOKO' DHpOBaTbCH. HanpOTHB, Cpe,ll;HHHblH rnaCHbIH nopsransno HaXO,ll;HTCH B nonHOH cryneHH '1epe,ll;OBaHHH.

Bsnue Mbl noxasana, 'ITO KOpHH THnOB 2 H 3 nononaarensno pacnpenenensr 110 CBOHM MopCPoHonOrn'leCKHM IlpH3HaKaM. Ha30BeM KOpHH l-ro THna KOpHHMlf I rana, KOpHH )l(e 2-3-ro ranoa - I<OpHHMlf II rana, Cyd»

Ta6nHua 8 (I)

I I -TIB- -1J1)- 80pHCTa
-TWP -T1)P -UL-
I I I
r€V€-TWP r€V€-TT/p r€V€-at-e: I
rap.€-TI()-e: •
> ( » I
OA€-TWP OA€-Tf/P 1
I I1€V€-TO-e:
I v€I1€-8f/-
V€I1€-TWP V€I1€-OL-e: :> I
€A€-To-e:
- I '" - 1 Kpa-8f/-
Kpa-Tf/p «pa-ai«: Kpa-T~-e:
C£AW_at_<; /3tW-To-e:
I aAw-TQ.<;
KAf/-TWP KAf/-at-e: KAf/-To-e: KAf/-8f/- T a 6 n H U a 8 (II)

1 -al.-
-TWP -T1)P -Te- -91)- aopacra
cl c. I ,.,
tK-TWP tK-Tf/P tK-at-<;
€AK-T~e: c€AX-811-
• I o l1K-at-e: o aX-8f/-
aA€K-TWP aAK-Tf/p 'liAK-at-e:
:> 1 UpX-8.".
ra'TWp aou-ro-s:
;) I
€VK-To-e:
O€tK-T6-e: s €tX-8f/-
" , I
aoxe-oi-; aoxe-ro-c
I I ax€-8f/-
ax€-at-e: ove-ro-«
N
1TTf/-at-e: I
ua ')(1I-To-e: Ta6nHua 9

THII 1 THn 2 Tun 3
'{ c. 1 I 1 I I
tKTWP; tKTf/p l1aXf/TOC:; l1aX€T€OV axWte:; oxeto:
c 6 ,~ fip 1 >( _ I N
€AKT c; €tAX8f/v oroc: [apwl1a] KpaTTlP; «oaac:
ol1~Le:; €o~X8f/v ~LWTOe: /3pwaLe:; /3PWT&;
hAK nfp; ~A~Le: I c I ~1I"Ar18Tlv; 1I"AaTck
aAwaLe:; aAWTOC:
I I "
r€VWLe:; r€V€TWp apK€aLe:
1 1
V€I1€TWP; V€I1WLe:;
~V€I1€8f/V 11 I 1 I

-,),V1JTO~ (aanpastep, B "aU'-,),V1JTO~, 6U-'YV1JTO~ H+) BpHll na HBnHeTCH 4>opMoA, TaK

lKe OTHOCHlUeAcH K 'YE":-T1)~, KaK fJA1)-T6~ K (JEA~-T1)~ (cp. perynapaste 'Y!IJEU'~, 'YE"~TWP H non.) , BH.[:IHMO, 3TO a-e. 06paJOBaHHe C "pacnpocrpaasrrenesr" -Tj- (cp. nar, (g)nQ..t-, IIp.-HH)l. !iia.ti-). C o-omacoaxoa rpen, 'Y"wT6~ (HaJBamfe pOllCTBeH-

12 HHKa).

KOnH'IeCTBO aanaymoro rnacaoro YCTaHaBnHBaeTCH no 06paJOBaHHHM C CY4>4>HKcaMH, MOTHBHpYIOlUHMH nonHYIO cryneas ornacoaxa KOPIIJI (CM. uacrs 3 llaHHOA crarsa) .

77

76

T a 6 n It u a 10

K OpHIt I runa
KOpHIt II ntna
IllYMHblH aycn. COH3HTHblii aycn.
" v
eve eve v cev;evev <pHKCbI, npH KOTOPbIX KOpHH CVCV pa36HBalOTCH na )J,Ba rana, Ha30BeM cytPqlHKcaMH II xnacca.

Ilna xopuea I rana xapaxrepna HeB03MO)!(HOCTb YMHHeHHH aycnayrnoro H CHHKonbI aanayrsoro rrracnoro. AycnaYTHbIH rnacusrii 3THX xoprrefi B aaanasapyesnax 06pa30BaHHH nponanaer y xopnea aa CMbI'lHbrH H coxpaHHCT~H y KopHeH Ha cOHaHT; ¢aKTH'IeCKH OH HaxOAHTCH B a6naYTHoH HyneBOH crynena (= crynena penyxuna). THn II xapaxrepasyerca nporasononozcnsrsr CBOHCTBOM: HeB03MO)!(HOCTb OTIIa)J,eHHH aycnayraoro rnacnoro (nanporae, OH nonor B nonnoa crynena 'Iepe)J,oBaHHH) npH HOPMaJIbHOH cHHKone/pe)1,YKIUiH nanayrnoro.

CXeMa!H'IeCKH MOAHtPHKaIUiH icopnefi ABYx THnOB npa )1,aHHbIX CYtPtPHKcax npencraaneua B rafin. 10

Paccnorpasr 06pa30BaHHH OT xopnea CVCV C OCTaJIbHbIMH CytPtPHKcaMH II xnacca: C COHaTHblM H <PPHKaTHBHbIM annayroxr.

CneIUiaJIbHOrO paccsrorpeaaa rpefiyer CytPtPHKC nepdiexra. <I>OPMaJIbHO B )1,peBHerpe'IeCKOM ecrs )J,Ba CY<PtPHKCaJIbHbIX cnocofia 06pa30BaHHH JIO'H BH)1,OBOH OCHOBbI. OAHH li3 HHX - C ayneasrxr CYtPtPHKCOM (napanarva

I I v..... ...

,,/eyov-a, ,,/€,,/a-J1€v c n03)J,HeHllllfMH BblpaBHHBaHHHMH no nonnoa CTyneHH

'Iepe)J,oBaHHH). Ilpyroji - 06pa30BaHHe neprpexra C noxroumo CYtPtPHKca -K-/-¥5- (napanar-aa n30va-K-a, TkOva-J1€v); B llaJIbHeHIlleM CytPtPHKC -KHMen TeH)J,eHIUilO pacnpocrpanarsca na BClO napamm-ry. B apXaH'IeCKOM BHiJ,e napanarssa neprpexra na -K-/-0- nOKa3bIBaJIa HaJIH'lHe -K- nepe)1, macHbIMH Hero HC'Ie3HOBeHHe nepen cornacasnut (1 en, TkOva-K-a, 3 e)J,.

'0 - 1 I v

T€ Va-K-€ npH MH_ T€OVa-J1€v H T.)J,.). Ileprpexrsr na -K- 66pa3YlOTCH Tom-

KO OT OCHOB na maCHbIH; neprpexrsi aa -K-, xoropsre 06pa30BaHbI OT KOPHeH na COmaCHbrH, n03)J,HHe HOBo06pa30BaHHH: HX euie HeT y I'ossepa (pexs

31 (

H)J,eT 0 neprp. rana eacpaA.-K-a, 1f€1f€L-K-a). TaKHM 06pa30M, nepBOHa'IaJIbHO

-K- Momo nOHBnHTbCH ronsxo B HHTepBOKaJIe. CytPtPHKCOM neprpexra HBnHeTCH -0-/-K-, aJIJIOMOP<PbI KOTOPOro )J,ononHHTeJIbHO pacnpeneneast. 3TOT CYtPtPHKC BbI3bIBaeT cnopanauecxyio (BHAHMO, AHaJIeKTaJIbHO 06YCJIOBJIeH-

) I 1

nyto acrmpamno aycnayruux CMbI'lHbIX KOPHH: retpop-a npa TP€1f-W. Ilpa-

MOH MOPtPOHOJIOrH'IeCKOH aHaJIOrHeH HBnHeTCH nOBe)J,eHHe nexoero KOHe'IHO-

{ I c{ ,

ro 3JIeMeHTa B KOPHHX marOJIOB OLO W-J1L; Ti8T1-J1L, LTI-J1L. B KopHeBOM aopac-

re, rne noxasarens BH)J,a HyJIeBOH, nepen OK OH'IaHtlHMH , Ha'IHHalOmHMHCH C macH9ro, B 3!HX KOpHHX nOHBnHeTCH xopaesoa aYCJIaYTHbIH -K- (~-OTl-K-a npa Ti.8T1-J1L). Ero OTCYTcTBHe B HHtPeKTe 06'bHCHHeTCH OC06bIM MoptP0HorrorH'IeCKHM crarycosi lI:HtPeKTHoro aynesoro CytPtPHKca: MoptPoHOrrOrH'IeCKH OH Be)J,eT cefia KaK CMbI'IHbIH cornacasni; B 'IaCTHOCTH, nepen HHM He anoxonapyerca aycnaynn.ni KpaTKHH maCHbIH KOpHH. BH)J,HMO, ecrs OCHOBaHHH iJ,JIH BBe)1,eHHH KaK MH noxasarena neprpexra, TaK H MH aycnayra

78

T a 6 n.a U a 11

KOpHH I rana
Ay cnay'r KOpHH KOpHH II runa
CMbl'lHblft aan. I HeCMbI'lHblH ann.
CY<P<PHKca CY<P<PHKca
-
UIYMHbIi!: eve
- -
- -- I CCV/Cvcv
CO,HaHTHbIlt cvev eve xopneii rrrarorrOB, TteTlJ1L, O!D WJ1L, ~(TlJ1L OC060H cornacnoa MoptPOHeMbI, KOTOPYlO MbI 0603Ha'IHM KaK (H)l 3 .

YCTaHOBneHHbrH TaKHM 06pa30M e)J,HHbIH noxasarens neprpexra (-H-) Be)J,eT ce6H TaK )!(e, KaK CHrMaTH'IeCKHH CYtPtPHKC aQPHCTa, a raioxe MHOrHe cyq» tPHKCbI II xnacca C COHaHTHbIM aHJIaYTOM H uyneaoii noxasarens aopacra,

a HMeHHO: y xopaea CVCV I rana OHH BbI3bIBalOT anoxony aycnayruoro rnacnoro (npH'IeM He3aBHCHMO OT HCXO)J,a KOpHH), KOpHH )!(e II rnna averraYTHbIH rrraCHbrH ncerna coxpanaror (B nonaoa cryneua 'Iepe)J,oBaHHH ~H nonor) H senyr cefia TaK )!(e, KaK npa CYtPtPHKcax II xnacca co CMbI'IHbIM aHJIaYToM (CM. nsnne}.

HH)!(e )J,alOTCH ,ra6rrHII,bI 06pa30BaHHH OT icopneti CVCV C CYtPtPHKcaMH: (-H-) neprpexra, -a- aopacra' 4 (HCKOHHO aTeMa!H'IeCKHH, HO 0606mHBllllfH -a l-ro naua iJ,JIH ncea napanarxn«, a raiose apXaH'IeCKHH TeMa!H'IeCKHH), -.0'-aopHcTa (nepenynnaunponaaaoro) H -J1$-, -J1a - CytPtPHKCbI OTrrrarOJIbHbIX HMeH (CM. rafin, 12, 13). '

Teneps MbI MO)!(eM npHBeC!H fionee noruryio Ta6rrHUY peaJIH3aIUiH ornacoBOK ABYX THnOB xopaea CVCV npH CY<P¢HKcax II xnacca (CM. rafin. 11).

Ilononnarensaaa AHCTPH6YIUiH CCY H CVCY B npaaos xacra Ta6rrHUbI orosopena asnue.

Ilonornrarensaoe pacnpeneneuae BH)J,OB MOiJ,HtPHKaUHH BHyTpH xopueii

I rana, paDRO KaK H BHyTpH xopuea II rana, noasonaer HaM cnenars peKOHCTPYKIJ;HlO ofiuiero BH)J,a MOiJ,HtPHKaIJ;HH icopneii CVCV. 06mHM CBOHCTBOM cytPtPHKCOB II KJIaCca HBrrHeTCH cnoc06HOCTb BbI3bIBaTb uexoe ocrra6- nenae (<pOHem'leCKH npOHBJIHlOmeeCH B BH)J,e CHHKonbI, anoxonsr HITH pe)J,YKIJ;HH/COKpameHHH) orutoro H3 KopHeBbIX rnacasrx. Y xopaea I rana raKOMY ocnatinemno nonsepraerca aycnayrnsni rnacnsni, a y xopuea II rana »HHJIaYTHbIH. Kposre roro, y xopaeii II rana npoHCxOiJ,HT YMHHeHHe aycnayrnoro rnacaoro. TaKHM 06pa30M, 06IUHH BH)J, xopneii I rana npa cytPtPHKcax II xnacca - CVC(V), 06mHH BH)J, xopaea II rnna - C(V)CV. "Crra6bIH" rrracHbIH saxmovea B CK06KH.

13

Cp. HaQHOa BJI'I.Bc. Oeuteannoeaponeacxaa, npacnaasncxas H anarorraacxaa Jl3bIKO-

Hble CHCTCMbI. M., 1965, C. 77-,138. B CBeTe npaneneausix B oroa pafio're P;aHHbIX lie HCKIlJ<)qeHO, 'ITO rpesecxoe (H) HMeeT H.-e. npoacxoscnemre (B nepdiexre OHO cooTBeTCTByeT xer. -~a- Me)J;HOIlaCCHBa, KOpHH lKe (owH)-, (07]H)- H (h7]H)- (B L7]I'L) OTHOCJlTCJI B XCTTCKOM K tJi-CIlpJllKeHHlO. (Crapsra "napanran" H3 OKOHqaHHJI l-ro naua - cp. xer, -t!i - Mor CTaTb KOPHCBblM; 3TO lKe "POH30llll10 B ncprpcxre: "napanran", IlpltHa,n,nelKllHlllHit HCKOHHO TonbKO I-MY nauy en.s., cran D rpeaecxore CY<P<PHKCOM (-H-»).

I. COxpaHCHHe aopacrnoro -a- D arrrcpeoxane 06H3aHO aHlIJIOrH4ecKoMY BJlltHl{HlO CHI'MaTH'le' CKHX aopacro s OT xopncn ua WYMHbIlt (THIla 8 ELK-aaL npu OE{K-VV-/JL).

79

Ta6nRu.a 12

Kopaa CYCY I rana

-(H)- neprpex ra -~(e)- aopReTa -~- aopacra -~a, -~,,-
)1 • ~I
€OP'Y-a €pK-a- €P'Y-/1a
O€OT/x-a 1 oify-/1a 1
1 y€W- < *'Y€v-a-
l€'Yov-a 'Y€V-TO 'Y€vva < *'Y€V-/1a
l-r-/1at L tK-TO
uc-oe- .
7r€a€- < *7r€T-a€ 1
7rOT-/1o-e:
1 o€ry-/1a
O€o€tX-a
*o~oFot-a Sei-o- o€t./1a, O€t:/1o-e:
,.. ,.. Ta6nRu.a 13

Kopaa CYCY II rana

-(H)- neprpexra -0(10)- 80pReTa -fl- aopacra -~a, -~e-
J I ~I
aonoo-uevo: I apcc-ua
~{3{W-K-a {3tw-aa-/1T/v {3tW-
T€TAT/-K-a TAa- I
:1 ~ C I <.v [TAT/-/1WVj
€PPV'r/-K-a PVT/-
I
K€Kpa-K-a «on-o-
(3~{3PW-K -a {3pw- {3Pw-jJCl
I - -
nenra-ic-a nra-o- 7rTT/-
"
€aXT/·K-a aXT/'/1a
I [/1aXrI-/1wvj
/1€/1?-XT/-/1at /1aXT/-a-
I T€TVXT/-K -a TUXT/-a- Kposse nepesncneaasrx nsnue, K cy<pq>HKCaM II xnacca OTHOCJlTCH: -po(npanararensasrx) , aapesasre -OT/V (.oav) H -Sou, HH<peKTHbIH CY<P<PHKC -oue(B <p0pMax 6e3 t-penynnaxauaa) H noxasarens TeMaTH'IeCKOrO aeynaoarensaoro aopacra (MaTepHan no HeMY 6y}]'eT npasenea OT}]'enbHO), a TaK)I(e,

C HeKOTopbIMH oroaopxasra, HH<peKTHbIH -~- -rrpa e-penynmncauaa KOpHH.

Ilepen npaaeneaaesr MlTepHana AaeM cnHCOK H3BeCTHbIX HaM '1epeAOBaHHH BH}J,a evev /e(V)ev xopaea evev II rarra,

(1) (3€A€/{3AT/

(2) 7r€Aa/7rAa

(3) 7r€pa/7rpa

(4) K€pa/Kpa

(5) 0€/1/\ /0/1T/

(6) ap€F€/apv(FfrI (7) oii~" /0a.~T/

80

C I N

€KaTT/-{3€A€TT/e: : {3AT//1a

7r€Ad.W : 7rAaTO

I '"

nepaco : ttoaou;

I N

«epauvuu: : «oaoo;

I I

O€/1W : o€o/1T//1at

*CIF" ~ I

P€ €v pov : €PPVT/V I I . o€oaa : ~oaT/v

I

(8) (9) (10) (11 ) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) (34) (35 )

T€/1/\ /T/1T/ /1€A€/*'/1{3AT/ Oava/Ova /10A€//1{3AW

K aual K fJ(ii

1T€TA /1TTW(?) {3€P" /{3pw *aTT/p€/aT€pT/ aK€A€/aKAT/

raA" /TAa KaA€/KAT/ T€P€/TPT/

*TWP" /TOPT/ otopeicttu» (i)F€pv/Fpu 7rOpl\ /7rPW *a€X€/OXT/

*a€7r" /*a'{rf/ F€pA /FPT/ /1aX€//1aXT/

Kaol\ / KaoT/ *hFaAo/*hFaAw */1€vA /*/1VT/ *KWP€/KOPT/ *6<p€A€/0<pAT/

* TWX" / TUXT/

* {3€tFo/{3"iFw

, ,.. )

*a'X_A /*aXT/

*Ka7rV/*Ka7rT/

1 I

T€/1VW : T€T/1T/Ka

/1€A~TT/ : /1~/1{3A€/1at

Od.vaTOC: : 0 VQ.T6c:

/10A~W: /1E/1{3AwKa

Kd./1aTOC: : K~/1aKa

1T€TEtV : mwatc; {3€P€(}pOv/{3a.paOpOV: {3pwatC;

I , I

orepeco : €aT€pT/aa

I ,1

aK€A€Toe: : €aKAT/V

1 "-

TaA-epa<; : TAavat

I 1

KaA€W : KtKAT/aKW

1 >I

T€P€TPOV : €TpT/aa

~ "I

TOP€W : €TopT/aa

I _ 1

aTOp€VVV/1t : aTpWTOC;

:J I :1/3(_

€tpVW : €ppvaa

'" 1

7r0P€W : nesocoua:

, , '"

€X€TT/e: : OXT//1a

~ I ~I

€VV€7rW : a-a7r€TOC;

(F)€1pw : pii'i1a

I 1

/1ax€'T'I'K : /1aXT/T0C;

.L I

Kaow : K€KaOT/aW c I c I

aAow: €aAWV

I 1

/1€/10va : uvaouai I I -

KOP€VVV/1t : K€KOPT/WC;

O<P€tA€TT/e: : W<pAT/Ka

I ~ I

T€V~O/1at : €TVXT/aa

1 1 1

{3€tW, {3w/1w(}a: {3tWTOC;

J( :J 1

axvvfat : aKaXT//1at

Ka7rVW (cp. K€KQ.<pa) : K€Ka<pT/6ra

B 3aKnIO'ICHHe cnenyer OTMeTHTb, 'ITO KOpHH BH}J,a eve HHKorAa, HH npa KaKHX CY<P<PHKCax He HMeIOT aycnayrnoro rnacaoro.

HH)I(e npHBOAHTCJI MaTepHan no 06pa30BaHHHM OT KopHeH evev ABYX THnOB C CY<P<PHKcaMH II xnacca.

AKTHBHble <pOPMbI

1 1 , 1 1 ~.

l<OpHH I rana: 'Y€'Yova (H+, 'Yt'Yvo/1at); T€TOKa (TU<TW); ueuoua (H+); v€-

oaxa (oaKvw); '6AwAa (H+, "6xxUj,Lt); T€OaAa (H+, (}&\AW); "i(F)oP'Ya ~H+, (F)€pOW16); Aha/17ra (Act./17rW); O€OOPKa (H+, O€pKO/1at); o~o€txa (O€tKVV/1t);

I I I I I

*o€oFota (y I'osrepa: O€OOta, O€OOtKa H o€ibwv; OT ot€/1at).

~ I 1 1 I

KOpHH II rana: T€TfJT/Ka (H+, T€/1VW); /1€/1{3AwKa (H+, {3AwaKw I cp.

aop. /10Aew); KJ~/1UKa (H+, d.J.lvw); T€OVaKa (H+, Ov~aKw - cp. ~.avaToc;);

15 He npHBO)l,JlTCJI aropasnsre ncp<PcKTbI na -xn OT KopHeil na corrracmaa (CM. c. 78). 16~pow < .Fdpl;w [F'paow] < ·F~P'Y-Aw.

6. 3aK. 136

81

I I, I (.l I 11 ) JI 1 7

7rE7rtWKU (H+, 7rt7rTW); {3E{3PWKU (H+, {3~PWOKW- cp. pEPE pOll; EaX'T)KU ;

CI c I I ( ,I "")

EUAWKU (Her+, UALUKOpCU); KEKA'T)KU H+, KtKl\'T)OKW ~ cp. EKUI\€OOU;

K€KpaKU (K(pVTlpt); 7r€7rpaKU (Dem , 7rEPIl'T)Pl); KEKOP'T)~<; (napr. neprp.) (H,

I »t .J I ') 1 I

KOpEWVpL); W.pA'T)KU (O.pAWKUIlW ~ cp. O.pELAW ; TETVX'T)KU (H+, TV'}'XUIlW);

;11 I I - 9 ~ I) ~ ~ c /

EaKAllKU (OKEAAW); T€TAUKU H+, TA'T)IlUL ~ cpo TEAuooaL; EPPV'T)KU (H+,

c. 1 </ ( C 1 8 / 1 1 (

pE(F)W); EVP'T)KU Soph+, EVPWKW ); ~E~A'T)KU (~UAAW); KEKUO'T)OOPUL !l>yr.

neprp.) (H, K~OW).

,,{ '/ - " I "

<I>OPMbI rana OpWpOKU (OpVVpL), OAWAEKU (rrpa OAWAU) BTOPHqHbI: OHH

npoacxonar H3 *opJpO-O-K-a H r.rr.

IIaCCHBHO-Me.uHaJIbHble !l>OpMbI

r:' .:J/ ~ .;1/ I I

KOPHH I rxna: 'T)P'YPCU j.uPXw); EVrpUL (EVXOpUL); OEOELrpUL (O€LKIlVpL);

o~oarpUL (Arph, O~llw); LWUL (Soph+, 1kw). /

KOPHH II rana: 7r€7rTOJ.1.UL (H+, 7rETC{,IlIlVpL); KfKpapuL (H+, KLPV1IPl);

1- 'L I' ( 1

7r€7rpUpUL (Soph, 7rEPIl'T)PL); ~E~A'T)pUL (H+, ~unw); KEKA'T)pUL H+, KtKA'T)-

OKW); MOP'T)PUL (H+, o EpW); O€OPUJ-LUL (H+, O~Il'T)PL); tuiTCU (H, iufw);

I I I ,.,.... ~I , - )

TETP'T)PUL (nTpuw); 7rE7rPWpUL (H+, 7rOPELIl); EOTPWPUL (Her+, OTOPIlVPL;

~~~PWPUL (~t{3P~OKW ~ cp, ~kp€IJpoll); 'JOX'T)PUL (€'xw); hKtJX!lJUU (H+,

,1 )" ( c , ) I 1 ,,' (

UXIlVPUL ; €LPVPCU H+, PVOPUL ; P€PUX'T)PUL (pUXOpUL); UP'T)POPEIlO<; npas.

neprp.) (H, apbw).

Cpena neprpexros OT xopaefi CVCV II rana HMeeTCH HeCKOJ1bKO BTOPHqHbIX !l>0PM, o6pa30BaHHbIX rro aHaJIOrHH C KOpHHMH CVC (rro rany

IJ 1 >/ / 1 9 ~ I~

.p €LpW: €.pIJopu H r.n.): 3TO: 8eoopu npa Me.u.-rracc. neprp. o eounuai

, ~, I I

(H+) , OTfnarOJ1bHOM npanararensnosr EV-OP'T)TO<; (H) ~ OT O€PW; O€OUU

" I " J 1

(H+), npa aop. EOU'T)1l (H+), oTrnarOJ1bHOM npanararensaosr U-OU'T)TO<; (Hes);

OVIl-oxwKa (CM. npasres. 19); PEp'T)AU (H+), C neperynapnsrra ynnHHeHHeM rro rany lI~7raAa npn Me.u.-rracc. nepdi, plP~AEPUL (H+) OT P€AW. B OCTaJIb-

/ HbIX cnysaax KOpHH 060HX THrrOB Be.uYT ce6H perynxpao (aanpasrep, O€-

I 1 ,

O€LrpaL npa oeo€LXu, ~e~pwpcu npa ~E~PWKU " rrp.).

Cy<P4lHKC -ua (-pUT-)

~I <.J_ 2 1 c/ c/_/

I KOPHH I THIla: €pvpa (H. PVOPUt) ; EaPU (Aesch+, E~W); uprpu (H+,

") "'( 1 'If / "'" 'I

UPXW ; Seuui H+, OLEpCU); eovua (HH+, (F)EPOW); EVWU (H+, EvXOpat);

, " ,- L /

~PE'Ypu (Batr+, ~pEXW); .pAE'YPU (H+, .pAErW); o'T)wa (Aesch+, OUKIlW); rEWU

(H+, 'Y,'yvOP!f;L) (CM. JjH)!(e KOMMeHTapHH K nOH !l>0pMe); 5Etrpa (Eur+,

8 EtKIlVpL); ouia (H+, LePUL).

I / , c -;» :J /

KOPHH II rana: OE'T)pa (Arph. OEW HMeTb nyzcny'}; pvpu (Aesch+, EpVW);

~ (A h' ) '" ( ') '"

T~'T)pa rp~, TLTPUW -: cp., TE_!JETPOIl i..,~pwpu H, 9t{3PWOKW _; ~A'T)pU )Soph+,

~anw); otpcoua (Arph+, OTOPIlV/.U); tunua (Plat+, TEpIlW); dAVPU < *EFAUpu

( j I ~I _, I 1,../ c I AI

H+, ELAVW); apcoua (Soph+, upow); -€VP'T)pu (Aesch+, EUpWKW); uvnua (H+,

, ) (E ' - rv ,

uuaoua: ; KOp'T)pU up.+, KOPEWUpt); -KA'T)pU (Soph+, KtKA'T)OKW).

I1HTepecHbIH cnysaii npencrasnaer C060H !l>0pMa rEwa ()!(eHCKOro pona).

O.uHHM H3 06'bHCHeHHH Mop!l>orrOrH'IeCKOH 3THMorrorHH aroro cnosa (rro

1 aaurer-ry MHeHHIO, HaH60nee rrpHeMITeMbIM) HBnHeTCJI B03Be.ueHHe rewa K

*'Y€V-I?U (cpennero pona) 22. Ilpyrae mrrepnperauaa (nanpasrep, rfwa < < *rEll-O-ta H np.) He OqeHb XOpOWH !l>oHeTH'IeCKH. CMeHa pona .uaHHbIM

" "

cnOBOM rr.OHJlTHa: napanarxsa r€WU: *rEwaTO<; 6bma yHHKaJIbHOH, cnoso rre-

pewrro B )!(eHCKHH pon, rne xparxaa -a B HOMHHaTHBe 'IaCTa, H rrpHHJIJlO

~ ,

napanarxry rana pOV~C;: pOUO'T)<; .,,/ "

BTOpH'IHa !l>0pMa €XJ1U (H+, €Xw): xopens *O€X€- rro BceM rrpO'lHM npoasBO.uHbIM OTHOCHTOM KO II xnaccy (cp. perynapnoe OXrw.a Aesch+); na TO, 'ITO ara !l>0pMa - HOBoo6pa30BaHHe, YKa3bIBaeT H COXpaHeHHe X nepen P

>1

(O)!(HilaJIOCb 6bI *ErpU).

, I

Cy<P<PHKC -0-/ -OE- [CHI'MaTH'leCKoro] aopacra

~ / / >/ / ~ /

KOpHH I rnna: €"(€WOJ.1.'T)1l (Her+, rLrIlOpUL); €(818Ewa (H+, 8L€paL); WIlOJ.1.'T)1l

(H 01 )., Ie, ~ 20 "t ( !!.) C ( ( I ) ,1

+, OIlOpaL; euaumu (€I\ELIl ); L<;OIl H+, tKW ; €L~a H+, F)ELKW; €V€LPU

(I, )"( (' /!v" 't.'"

H+, IlEPW naCTH' ; €1l€Lpa H+, Il€PW 'pacnpenenars'}; boa (vw): €LPWa

C/ 0( '" ,/ q- I ~T

(eprropaL); w.pA'T)oa (O.pAWKUIlW ~ cp. O.pELAW); ELp~a (H+, (F)€p8w); euetua

(H+, P~llw); (f€WU (*€-oF€kO-~ (H, ¥€PUL < *OtOFE-PCU); ~KA€VOa (KA€LW < < *KAfF~w); diA~a ~EAKVW); €ioa (Soph, 'i~opaL).

, I ,I I I

I KOPHH II rxna: Kp'T)Oa (H+, KLPIl'T)PL); etpnoa; ttroaca -?cp. TEP.ETPOIl);

,. ~c_ "I .3/) ¥...~c. 3 I , /

eppuoa (€PVW ~ cp. epoua ; EPPVOU (EpvopaL 'oxpauan,'}; €pax'T)oCJ.l.l'T)v (H+,

paxopUL); hbp'T)oa (cp. TOpELIl); 'e~LWO~'T)1l (H+, ~L6w).

C ~/)( (

YAA no apxaa-ntojay aop- E-OKA'T)-Il, !l>opMa EOK'T)AU OT OK€AAW BTOpH'lHa

(ona ofipaaonana rro rany 'erraAu : rr<:fAAw H r.n.) . Taiose BTOpH'IeH aop. '~OEtpU (H+, O€pw) - cp. Bblwe, B npensmyuiera pa3.uerre.

1 7 J.1 ""

MeeTCR C/1,HHHQHaJI rpopraa aUV-OXWKa (H), OHa RBHO BTOpH'lHa, TaK KaK 06pa30-

sana no aHaJIOrHH C KOpHRMH, HMeIOllI,HMH rnacHblll: aanayr (xopeas nora neprpexIII 'ra - (aexe-»).

9 Kopens B~a (heFepe-).

1 C . ,I I

20 p. raioxe BTOPH'lHbIlI: CHrMaTH'leCKHlI: aopacr eb euu: (H+) (OlK~aJIOCb 6bI • ",eOIl1"laa) .

BH)l KOpHR _ (hFeAe-).

82

Cy<P<PHKCbl -ua, -uo-c

c / 'I / /

KOPHHti THDa: €Opo<; (Aesch+, €~w); ~PEXJ10C; (H+, ~pEx(23); .pAO'YPO<;

(Aesch+, .p}.hw); OELPO<; (H+, 8{EpUL); c6}..p0<; (H+, EiAJW); 8'TJ'YPo<; (Hipp+,

I /

8tiJ<llw). I / / '

KOPHH D' rana: ~pwu.'T) (H, ~t{3pwOKW); TP'T)P'T) (H+, tttpiu» ~ ?cp. TE-

e_ / <.to » I

pETpOV); PUI~O<; (H+), PVP'T) (Thuc+, €PUW).

Cyct>ct>HKC -TWP

/ I "I ( >1-)

KOpHH I rana: vaercoo (Hesych, llaLw); -OA€TWP Aesch+, OAAUPL;

~AIKTwp 'neryx' (Batr, Aesch+, aAIKw); C{OTWP (H+, ~~w); "{OTWp (H+, ~a, "€Et.oOJ!.UL); r€Ilt-TWp (Hes+, r[rllopaL); Il€phwp (Aesch, Iltpw 'pacrrpe-

CI "

nenxrs'}; LKTWP (Aesch+, TKw). I

,I I c I c:)

KOpHH II rana: f'T)TWP (Soph+, (F)ELpW); EUP'T)TWP (Anth.P., EUPWKW ;

pfhwp (Aesch+, ~pvopaL); KAnTWp (Dem, KtKA~OKW). <I>opMa PEA~TWP (ronsxo y Codioxna}, cxopee scero, HOBooOpa30BaHHe.

21 KOPHH (e)Fepu- 'TaUJ:lITb' H (e)Fepu- 'aatuxutars' HCKOHHO OTHOCIUIHCb K pa3nH'lHbIM Mopct>OHOnOrlltleCKHM THnaM (xopeas co 3HatleHHeM "3aUJ:HIUaTb' K I'H reopens co 3HaqeHHeM 'rauurn," KO II THITY), O)J,HaKO H3-3a OMOHHMIflIHOCTH HX tlaCTbI He~erynspasre ct>OPMbI (nanp., pVlla 'aauurra' npa (F)~pvlla id. _ cp. perynapaoe pVlla '6etleBa, TeTHBa').

22 Bnepasre 3Ta 3THMOnOrlU! npennosccaa YHJJepOM. Csr.: Wheeler B. Der griechische

23 Nominalaccent. Strassbl}rg, 1885. I I

OlKH)laJIOCb 6bI "{Jpe),llo~ (cp. (Jpe),lla): -x- BOCCTaROBneHO no aHaJIOrHH C {Jpexw (MeHee BepORTHO npHcYTcTBHe 3)J,eCb Cy<p<PHKca -auo-) .

83

I

Cy4»4»HKCLI -TT/P, -tetpa

e / c 1 / I

KOPHH I THIm: U<TTJP (Aesch+, TKW>'; Aap:rrTT/p SH+, AG.lJ1TW); 'Y€V€T€r.pa

(Pind), 'Y€V€T~P (Arst+, 'Y{'Yvop.at); bA€T~P (H), OA€mpa (Batr) (OAAVP.t);

aAKTTJP (H+, hAIKw). . (

KOpHH II rana: apon1P (H+, 'lI,pcfw); oP.TlTrfp (HH). op:r{mpa (H+, oap.vap.t); KAT/TTJP (Aesch+, KU<A~aKw); KpaTrfp (H+, K[PVT/P.t); 1TpaTriP (Plat+, 1T€PVT/P.t).

Cy4»4»HKC -6t- (·-n-)

I I /""-' cl c/ .

<I KOpHH I rana: 'Y€v€Ote; (H+, 'Yt'Yvop.at); u« (Eur+, u<w); €pl/Ite; (Plat+,

€P1TOP.at); vtp.€ate; (H+, v€p.w 'pacnpenenars'}; ~~te; (H+, a)./Kw).

~ ( I <I c ., ) ~

KOpHH II rana: ttmo«; Plat+, T€P.VW); aAWate; (Hes+, aAwKop.at ; (3pwate;

(H+, (3t{3pG;aKw); op.i/ate; (H, oclP.VT/p.t); €t/p€ate; (Piat+, djp{aKw); KAl1ate; (Arph+, KU<A~aKw); Kpaate; (Aesch+, K{PVT/P.t); 1Tpaate; (Her+, 1T€PVT/P.t); 1TT11ate; (Aesch+, 1T€TOP.at); ax/ate; (Aesch+, ~xw); TpTjate; (Plat+, mpaw); Pirate; (H+, (F)etpW).

Cy4»4»HKC -»- aopacra

.:>/ . I /f:' fI..

KOpHH I rarra: €'Y€VTO (Pind+, 'Yt'Yvop.at); U<T(i) (Soph+, LKW);

~I I >1 / >1 (

KOPHH 11 rana: €1TAT/P.T/V (H+, 1TtAvap.at); €OKAT/V (aK€AAw); €1TTaP.T/V H+,

/ ~I I ~/"C- ( > '/ *~(P'I ') ~/R

1T€TOP.at); €TATJV ~H+, cp. T€AaaaaL); €PPUTO H+, €Lpuop.at< €-; J€PUW ; €~PWV

(~t{3pcfJaKw); ~(3twV (H+, p'ww); ~aAwv (H+, aA{aKOp.at); M_PUT/V24 (H+. P€(F)w); i(3ArfP.T/V (H+, (3<iAAW); ~ocfT/v (H+, o tlidaKw); 1TpfaTo25 (H, 1TplaP.at).

Cy4»4»HKC -o« €- HH4»eKT3 (6e3 t-penYDnHK8I.UIH)

HaMH He HaHneHO HH onaoro o6pa30BaHHH C KOpHHMH I rnna.

I I I c I

KOPHH II rana: 8pwaKW (H+); (3AwaKw;8VT/aKW (H+); pT/aKop.€VoV· A€-

'Y6p.€vov (Hesych.); 'lLp~ai<.w (H+); (3tcfJaKop.at (Arst); KoplaK.w (Anth).

Cy4»4»HKCLI -T8-, -TeF'(f)- , orrnaronsasrx "npanararensasrx"

I 1:1 I . ~I ~ I (H

KOpHH I rana: P.€V€Toc; (Thuc+, P.€vw); OVOTOe; (Pind, ovop.at); apKTOC; +,

./ c 1 c ~) t.A'.L ( h >1) L < • 'D I

apxw); ~A€nX (H, €A€tv ; €UN.U\ Aesc +., €UXO/..Lat : KA€}T!J<; K,}€r€Toc;

(H+, KA€tW 'cnaBHTb'); o€umx (Arst+, O€u<vVp.t); 'Yap.€Toc; (H+, 'YG.IJ€w).

KOpHH II rana: a-1TpIaTOC; (H+, 1TP~at); otpcoro; (Hes+, an5pvvp.t); I

TP.T/Tbc: (Soph+, T~P.VW); 8VT/T6c: ~Her+, 8 vr{aKw); p.aX€Tlov (Aesch+), p.aXT/TOe; (H) (p.cfxofat); 1TAanfe; (Aesch, 1TtAvap.at); 1TpaT6<: (Soph+, 1TlpV1lP.t); ~-a1T€Toc; (H+, €VV-€7I'W); TAT/T6e; (Hes+, TAT/Vat); TPT/T6c; (H+, mp&.w); ~'YaT6c: (HH, ~:hap.a9; ~AwToe; (Thuc, ~A{aKop.at); (3twT6e; (H+, (3t6W); 'M-op.T/TOe; (H,oep.w); ~pK€TOe; (Anth.P., apKlw); ftV-~POToc; (H+, ap6W); PAT/TCX (H+, (3ci).Aw); ipaT6c: (H+, ~pap.at); KAT/T6c: (Soph+, KtKArfaKW); PT/T6c: (H+, (F)€tPW);

" If? I I '" (H I )

a-oaT/TOC; (Hes, otliaaKw); a-xoomo: (H+, KOP€VVUP.t); a'KpT/TOC; ,KtPVT/P.t .

Cy4»4»HKC -o« €- HHcpeKT3 (C t-penynmucauaea)

I I

KOPHH I nma: 1TtlPauaKW (H+, cp. 1Pa{F)€8wv). I

KOpHH II rana: (3t{3pc1;aKw (H+); KU<A~aKw (H+); 1Tt1TpaaKW (Soph+).

Cy4»4»HKCLI -0 cw , [-0 ov] aapeqaA

, 3acBHil:eTenbCTBOBaHbl JIHllIb 4»OPMbl OT xopaeii II rarra: 1Tapa-(3AT/oT/V

(H, 13&AAW); axl-OT/v (H+, 'exw). .

Cy4»4»HKC -f)T/- naccaanoro aopacra

, / / .> I

€v€p.€8T/v (V€P.W 'nacracs; pacnpenenars'}, €0€PX8T/V

CY~HKC -0- HH4»eKTa C t-penynmtKau,HeA

c I

3acmy~eTenbFTBOBaHbl JIHllIb 4»opMbl OT xopnea II rana: t1TTT/P.t; *nTpT/p.t

(B nrpaw); Ku<PT/P.t (Sophron, K€p6.vVVP.t).

Cy4»4»HKCbl -pa, -po(cymeCTBHTeJIbHLle H npanararensnue)

C/ _ c/ I I

KOPHH I rana: €O oa (H +, €~ w); Aap.1Tf..oe; (H +, Aap.1Tw).

KOPHH II rana: aKAT/pbe; (Aesch+, aK€AAw); ax€poe; (Pind,

HeCKOJIbKO no-ocofosry BenYT ce6H KOpHH BHiJ:a CVCV npa IlpHCOenHHeHHH cy4»4»HKca aeyneoarensaoro aopacra -€- (CM. rafin, 14). Ilepen 3THM CY<P<PHKCOM omanaer ayCJIaYTHbIH rnaCHbIH KopHeH o60ax THIlOB, rorna KaK HHnaYTHbIH rnacasra CHHKolIHpyeTcH B 06meM 110 06bl'IHblM npaaanasr (CM. C. 77).

"I

€Xw).

T a 6 n H 11. a 14

I THn KopHeA II THn xopnea
, I ~I
€-'Y€V-Ojl'T/V €-OX-O-V
~-1T€T'O-V ;> I
e -1TT -o-p.T/V 24 3TO He naCCHBHblA, HO aKTHBHblA xopaeaoa aopacr aonpexa Tpa/l,HlI.HOHHOMY B3I'flJl- 25/l,Y.

AOPHCT no 3HalJeHHIQ - CM. Strunk. Op. cit.

84

85

Oc06eHHOCTb aOpHCTHOrO cyrprpaxca -E- 3aKJIIO'IaeTCH B TOM, 'ITO npa HeM KOpHH CVCV pacnpeAe11HIOTCH no AByM ranar-r MaTepHaJlbHO HHa'Ie, 'IeM npa npyrax CY<P<PHKcax II xnacca. I1MeHHo, ecrs TpH COOTBeTCTBIDI Me)!(AY <pOPMaJlbHbIM THnOM KOpHH npa aopHCTHOM -E- H npa OCTaJlbHbIX CY<P<PHKcax II xrracca: a) I ran B aopacre - I THn npa OCTaJlbHbIX cY<P<pHKcax; 6) I THn B aopacre - II THn npa OCTaJlbHbIX CY<P<PHKcax; B) II ran B aopacre - II THn npa nposnx Cy<P<PHKcax. B Ta611. 15 npnsoAHTCH MaTepHaJl no 06pa30BaHHHM C CY<P<PHKCOM -E- aopacra OT KOP-

HeH CVCV.

Ofipauiaer xa cefia BHHMaHHe TO, 'ITO 6011bWHHCTBO xopaeii nroporo aopacruoro rana He HMelOT aanayrnoro -E-. I1cKJlIO'IeHHH - KOpHH aopac-

"I 'I .,

TOB €1rETOV H ETEJ10V. Kopeas TeMaTH'IeCKOrO aopacra eTrETOV B AaHHOM 06-

pa30BaHHH sener cefia KaK npHHarme)!(aWHH K ranv I: cp. CHrMaTH'IeCKHe

~ ~ u u

aopacrsr €1rEaOV, E'TrWa. AOPHCT ETEJ10V HMeeT napy ETClIJ.OV; rarose no naMHTHH-

KaM BCTpe'IaIOTCH HH<peKTbI T€J1VW H TaJ1Vw. Bepoarno, ornacosxa -a- HCKOHHO npanannescana aopacry, orrtaconka -E- - HH<PeKTY. I1CKllIO'IHB 3TH HeperY11HpHOCTH H3 paCCMOTpeHHH, MbI BHAHM, 'ITO II H III aopacrnsre THnbI AOn011HHTeJlbHO pacnpenenensr: B rune II KOpHH HMelOT KpaTKHe unnayrnsre rrracnsre -a- H -0-, B rune III - xparxoe -E-. TaKHM 06pa30M, MO)!(HO YT· aepxcnars, 'ITO KOpHH II rana, HMelOIUHe KpaTKHe -0- H -(t- B xopne, 311HAH-

T a 6 JI H U a 15

AOPHCT- TeM8TH'IeCKHH aopnc r TIpO'lHe o6pa30BaHHH c CY<P<pHKcaMH
HhIH THn II xnacca
KOpHH
( , ,
I ~E-'Y€V- O-J1T/V (H+) 'Y€,¥ova, 'YEwa
tTEK-O-V (Soph+) .,
ETE~a
~-oaK-o-v (H+) °toT/~a
J/
E-Kpa'Y-O-v (H+) -
'tx-'-b(Jat (H+) 'I '<'
tKTWP, t~t<;
'd-OPaK-O-V (H+) I
OEP~t<;
h-EW (H+) hET&:
~-~(F)-E (H+) 'TrtlPa~aKW
II "e-'TrET-O-V (Pind+) 1rTlfat<;, TrETrJwKa
t/J.OA-O-V ~H+) {3AwaKw, J1EJ1{3AwKa
~-TE/J.-0-v/f-TaJ1-0-V (H+) , TJ1llat<;
TETJ1T/Ka, :{
W-KaJ1-0-V (H+) , -
KEKJ1aKa
:1'-Bav-o-v (H+) T~BvaKa
" " (
E-TOp-O-V (H+) eroonoa
~-(3aA-o-v (H+) I "
,,' (3EpAT/Ka, E{3AT/TO
E-'Tr0P-O-V (H+) nenocouiu.
III J 1 I 'I
E-'TrT-O-J1T/V (H+) 'Tr ~7I't1lK a, 7I't1lV
'1
E-'TrA-O-V (H+) 1r€7rAT/IW
~-a'Tr-O-v "(H+) :{-O'TrETO<;
C I '"
EUP-O-J1T/V EupT/Ka
b<.pA-EW i!J<.pAT/Oa
I 86

Ta611Hua 16

06pa30BaHHH C CY<P<pHKcaMH II K118CC8

06pa30B3HHH c CY<P<PHKcaMH I K113cca

(1)

<;- ~ '7' :J/

T/P~a, T/PXa, T/P'YJ1at, aP'YJ1a,

r(PXBT/V, apKuJ<;

{3pE'YJ1a, {3P€X/J.b<;

1 , "I ,,'

o EOT/Xa, OEOTI'YJ1at, EOaKOV, EOT/XBT/V,

oi7~t<;

*0 EoFoLU. oELjJ.a, OEt/10<;

I,' I

=r= 'YE'YOVC;' 'YEV~TWP"

'YEwa < *'YEVJ1a, E'Y€tvaJ1T/v,

" I

IPEV0g_T/V, J:VWt<;ll 'YEVET~tP~

tKTO, t~OV, lJIJ1at, tKTWP, tKEaBat,

c: c I <f

t~t<;, uc TT/P I

t/J.Ewa, J1EVETO<;

I 1,7/

VEJ1Eat<;, VEJ1ETWP, EV€tJ1a

{3PPXETb<; O&ETO<;

(2) (3)

I (4) (5)

1 OtEJ1at

'YE)'ETT/\, 'YEV€e A1' 'YEVEe AOV, 'YEVETT/

c. I c I

uc ETT/<;, tK ETL<;

(6) (7 ) (8)

Ta6JIHua 17

06pa30BaHIlH C cy<p<pHKcaMH 06pa30BaHHH c CY<P<PHKcaMH
I xrracca II xnacca
(1) )' , "I , " I
aAETO<;, aAETT/<;, aAETpEUW aAT/AEJ1at
(2) f K a TT/-{3E AiTT/<; J/ , , '"
E{3AT/TO, {3E{3AT/Ka, {3E{3AT/J1at, {3AT/J1a,
e{3aAov, f{3Ar{eT/V, {3AT/TIJ<:, ttapa-
I
" 1 {3A~OT/V ,
(3) o » I I
{3WTT/, {3WTlJ<;, {3wJ1wt}a E{3tWV, E{3tWaaJ1T/v, {3tWaKOJ1at, {3tWTO<:
(4) oaJ1&'~w, bauaco, a-o~a<; o eo J1T1J1at, M J1~BT/V, 0 J177at<; , ss J1T/TO<;,
I 0 I
0j1T/TT/P, J1T/T€tpa
(5 ) ~ I ',' ~xeTAT/ J ~I "",,;)1
EXETT/~ , EaX~Ka. wXT/J1at, OXT/J1a, €OXOV,
I Tr€A£~W, ~axEBT/v, axeat<; ,
(6 ) 'TrEAaW, 'TrEAMw ~'Tr Ar/J1T/V, 'Tr~'Tr AT/J1at, ~7r AQ1JT/V, rr AaTIx: PYlOlUHeCH B nposax 06pa30BaHIDIx C CY<P<PHKcaMH II xnacca, He asmanaior B TeMaTH'IeCKOM aopHCTe (CY<P<PHKC -E-). AOPHCTHble THIIbI II H III Aon011- HHTeJlbHO pacnpcneneau H BMeCTe OTHOCHTCH KO II THIIY xopuea CVCV.

Bsnne 6bIJlH npOaHaJlH3HpOBaHbI nexoropsie HCK11IO'leHHH H3 perY11HpHbIX 06pa30BaHHH C CY<P<pHKcaMH II xrracca. B 6011bWHHCTBe crryxaea OTK110HeHHH 06bHCHHIOTCH HOBo06pa30BaHIDIMH (c. 81-86 ). HaM H3BeCTeH naurs OAHH nO-HacToHlUeMY 11a6HaJlbHbIH xopeus, 06pa3YIOlUHH <pOPMbI C CY<P<pHKcaMH

II xnacca no 060HM THnaM, npH'leM ace 06pa30BaHHH p,OCTaTO'lHO apxaaxasr: no xopeas ('TrETO-) 'nanars'. OT Hero 06pa30BaHbI, C OAHOH CTOPOHbI, aop.

:)1 [Pi d",1 -,h , ~ r-

E7rETOV m), E'TrEOOV, E7rEOa, C ApyroH - nep'!'. 7rE7rTWKa, HMH nrcoov..

Cxopee scero, nOC11eAHHe <pOPMbI, HAYlUHe no II runy, 06pa30BaHbI non

87

BnJUIHHeM 6JIH3KOrO cpOHeTH'leCKH KOpHH 7rETa- 'JIeTeTb' II KJIaCCa B p;OCTaTOqHO paHH1010 3IIOXY: 06 3TOM rOBopHT -w B aycrrayre noaaeneaasrx Bblwe <pOpM. Ha BH,IJ; CVCV naaaoro KOpHH YKa3bIBaeT HH<p. 7r[TIIW, 7r(7rTW.

I Hrax, MaTepHaJI nOKa3bIBaeT, qTO npa CY<P<PHKCax II KJIaCCa KOpHH CVCV pa36HBaIOTCH aa nsa rana no CBoeMY MOP<PoHOJIOrJiqeCKOMY nOBe,ll;eHHIO,

npa 3TOM KIDK,ll;bIH ,ll;aHHbIH xopens B 3THX 06pa30BaHlUlX OTHOCHTCH K onpe,ll;eJIeHHOMY xnaccy. 06pa30BaHHH C CY<P<pHKcaMH II KJIaCCa n03BOJIHIOT YCTaHOBHTb Mop<pOHonOfHqeCKHH KJIaCC naaaoro KOpHH (I JIH60 II).

B Ta6JI. 16-17 npHBO,ll;HTCH 06pa30BaHHH OT HaH60JIee np0,ll;YKTHBHbIX xopaea BH,IJ;a CVCV. Heperynapnsre 06pa30BaHHH ,ll;aIOTCH B cK06Kax (KOMMeHTapHH CM. nsnue B TeKCTe)

* * *

CKa)f(eM HeCKOJIbKO CJIOB 0 CY<P<PHKcax paccsrorpeaaoro HaMH I KJIaCca.

HaMH aHaJIH3HPOBaJIHCb CY<P<PHKCbI, HMelOlUHe CMblqHbIH aHJI ayr , a raxxe -¢- HH<peKTa. CY<P<PHKcaMH I KJIaCCa C HeCMbI~bIM aHJIaYToM HBJIHIOTCH:

HH<peKTHble -lIa-, -1IV-', -IIE-, -E-, aopacrnsra -T/-, HMeHHbre CY<P<pHKCbI -av&-, -eo, -€O- (cyutecraarensasrx) . KaK H "CMblqHble" CY<P<PHKCbI I KJIRCCa, nanasre CY<P<PHKCbI He pacnpenernnor KOpHH no ,ll;ByM ranaxr, Ho, B OTJIHqJie OT CY<P<pHKCOB I KJIaCCa co CMbI~bIM aHJIaYToM, nanasre CY<P<PHKCbI BbI3bIBaIOT ornanenne aycnayraoro rnacnoro xopnea evev, TaK qTO <popMaJIbHO KOpHH evev H eve B 06pa30BaHHHX C HHMH He pa3JIHqaIOTCH.

MaTepHaJI no 60JIbWeH qaCTH 06pa30BaHHH OT xopneii pasnaxasrx BH,ll;OB C CY<P<PHKcaMH I xnacca C HeCMbI~bIM aHJIaYToM npaaenea BO BTOPOR H rpersea qaCTHX CTaTbH.

Hac CneIIHaJIbHO narepecyror CeHqaC CY<P<pHKCbI, xoropsre npHCOe.ll:HHHIOTcH _ TOJIbKO K KOpHHM BH,ll;a cvev (B03MO)f(H0, qTO ecrs 06pa30BaHHH OT xopaeii ev C CY<P<PHKCOM -1I€-, HO onpeneneaao HeT 06pa30BaHHH OT xopnea eve). IIpHBep;eM MaTepHaJI.

CY<P<PHKC -lIa- HH<peKTa

o I I ~I . I I I

/ ~f.1t (H+, cp. ~ap~w, a;Of.1'!}_TOC;); 7rEfZl77f.1t (H+, cp. ~€7rpa"a, JmpaOKW);

KtPIlT/f.1t (H+, cp. «epauvou«, KEKpaKa); Kptf.1I1T/f.1t (cp, KP€f.1aWVf.1t); 7rtTIIT/f.1t (H+

I - ) ( ) I~ (H ,-, "

~p. 7ETaWVf.1t; 0 KtollT/f.1t +, cp. oKEOaWVf.1t); 7rtAlIaf.1at (H+, cp. 7r€AaW,

€7rAT/PT/II).

CY<P<PHKC -11€- HH<peKTa

I /v' 'I ,

, TEf.1I1W (H,+, cp. T~T/OtC;); oaK~~ (H+, ,cp. OaK€TO~); Kaf.1I1W (H+, cp. Kaf.1,aTO<;,

K€Kf.1T/Ka); 7rtTIIW (Pind+, cpo mwatc;)' /3aAXw < */3iz.A-II-W26 (H+ cp -/3€AET'nr',

I :t I :J I '~ ,. I, ...

/3€/3AT/Ka); O\{J€tAW < *O\{JEA-II-W (H+, cp. J\{JAT/Oa).

e Crapsre HH<peKTbI aa -IIE- conepxcarcs B HOTHpoBaHHblx 06pa30BaHHHx

, <*F ' C I

tKlI€W a tKIIE~W (H+, cp. tKETT/e;) H WXII€0f.1at < *OXIIEJ..O- C nporeaoa (cp.

€XETT/e;, EXETAT/). 3m <pOPMbl npennonaraior HH<peKTbI ~OFtK-IIE- H "'OX-IIE-. BH,IJ;HMO, OT KOpHH sana CVCV 06pa30BaH HH<peKT /3W€W (Arph+).

30 Cp.: Friesk Hj. Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch. L Heideiberg. 1960, S. 216. 88

ECTb erne O,ll;HO 06pa30BaHHe, B KOTOPOM yqacTBYIOT JIHWb KOpHH aana CVCV: no HH<peKT na -E- (TeMaTHqeCKHH) C e-penynrraxanaea.

CyctUI>HKC -E- HHct>eKTa C e-penynnaxauaea

, I I ",'

/'t/'lIof.1at (H+, cp. /'EIIETT/e;); 7rt7rTW (H+, CPo 7rTWOte;); TtKTW (H+, cp.

1 C/ 1 )/ V 3"

TOK€Toe;); t~W < *ow8-w (H+, cp. €8€OAa); W)(W (H+, cp. EXETAT/); f.1tf.1I1W

1 ) >1 1 3 1 3' (H

~J1+' cp. uevero: ; tAAW < "'Fi.FA-w (Soph+, cp. EtAVW); EII-W7rW +, cp.

a-01fETO<;) .

ilaHHbIH CY<P<PHKC BMeCTe C CY<P<PHKCOM -E- (revarasecrcoro) aopacra

C penynnaxauaea OTHOCHrCH K OC060MY rany: npa HHX cmnconapyerca HHJIayrHbIH rnacasra He ronsxo xopnea II rana, HO H rana I. B ynoxraHyroM aopacre ssmanaer raiose KparKHH rnacasni xopseii eve (aanpavep, ~-7rE\{JII-O-1I npa "1-0 EII-O-II) .

'" * '"

eYMMHpYH peayrrsrarsr, nonyseansre B xone naurero aHaJIH3a noseneaas xopnea evev B COqeraHHH C npHKopHeBbIMH CY<P<PHKcaMH I H II KnaCCOB, MbI MO)f(eM npencraaars HX B 06meM BH,ll;e (CM. ra6n. 18).

Ta fi n a u a 18

~ I KJIacC 1
HeCMbl'lHblK aHJI., II tcnacc
b CMbl'IHbiK aHJI .• fI rJIaCHblK ann.
I1Hn u
.., "CVC(V~
1--. cvcv cvc
lITHn -crvicv 2. H36PAHHblE rnxronsuue KOPHH H npOH3BOllHblE27

B npHBo,ll;HMOM HH)f(e CUHCKe p;aIOTCH rnaronsasre KOpHH H npoH3Bop;Hble or HHX, acnonsaosanasre B HacTOHmeH crarse (B aexoropsrx cnysaax cneJIaHbI HenpHHUHIDIaJIbHbre ,ll;OnOJIHeHHH). MaTepHaJI npHBo,ll;HTCH cJIep;YlOlUHM 06pa30M: caaxana npHBo,ll;HTCH xopens B Mop<pOHonOrHqeCKOH sanaca, 3HaKOM - OTp;eJIHIOTCH B03MO)f(Hble BapHaHTbI acxonnoro MOP<PoHOJIOrHqeCKOrO BH,IJ;a KOPHH, xorna npoaaaorursre He n03BOJIHIOT 0.ll:H03HaqHO BbI6paTb O.ll:HH H3 BapHaHTOB; nOCJIe KOpWl npHBop;HTCH npOH3BO,IJ.Hble; caaxarra, non UH<PPOH I - C CY<P<PHKcaMH I xnacca, nanee, non UH<PPOH II - C CY<P<PHKcaMH II KJIaCCa; nOCJIe xaxnoro npOH3BO,IJ.HOrO CTOHT IIH<Ppa, 0603HaqalOmaH cyq» <pHKC, C noerouuoo xoroporo 06pa30BaHa naaaas <popMa (pacunsrpponxa uH<PP npaseneaa HH)f(e). Kparxocrs rnacasrx He 0603HaqaeTCH, p;OJIrOTa 060-

anaxeaa 3HaKOM ,ecmt)f(e KOnHqeCTBO rnacnoro HeH3BeCTHO, Hap; HHM

\.J

CTaBHTCH 3HaK - .

l7 PJlIl. MOPCPOHonOrH'IeCKHX TPaHCCPOPMallHlt, orpaxennux B ll.aHHOM pasnene, nOll.P05HO 05"bJlCHJle1CJI B 'I. 3 pafiorsr. K010PaJI 5YAc1 onyfinaxoaana B cnenyioutera BbmYCKC exeronaaxa .

89

UI1<PPbI 0603HaqalOT cneayromae CY<P<PI1KCbI, C noraounao KOTOPbIX 06- pa30BaHbI rrpHBO)];HMble <pOPMbr: (1) -~ I1H<peKTa, (la) - Aj€- I1H<peKT - (BTOpHQHOe rrpOH3BO)];HOe OT nyneaoro HH<pBKTa); (2) -aA$- I1MeHa; (3) -av@- I1MeHa; (4) -0- icopaenoii paClillIpl1Tenh; (5) -€- HH<peKT; (6) -T/aOpI1CT; (7) -()€- HH<peKT; (8) -()A@- I1MeHa; (9) -()p!- I1MeHa; (10)

-ja (-ja-) cymecraarensasre; (11) -j€- I1H<peKT; (12) -va- I1H<peKT; (13)

-V€- HH<peKT; (14) -vV- HH<peKT; (15) -0<; (-€a-) cymecrnarensnsre; (16) -a-

xopaeaoii pacumparens: (17) -tas; cymecrnarensnsre; (18) -T@- cyuiecraarensasre; (19) -rtc (-no-) cymecraarensnsre; (20) -TA@- I1MeHa; (21) -Tp$- I1MeHa; (22) -$- cyutecrnarensasre (M., )1<' p.}; (23) _€'2_ I1H<peKT; (24) -$1- aOpI1CT; (25) -ow HapeQID!; (26) -Sou HapeQHH; (27) -€- aOpI1CT; (28) -H- neprpexr; (29) -8T/- aOpI1CT; (30) -J1a (-J1aT-) cyrrrecTBI1TenhHbI~; (31) -J1t<: (-J1t-) cymecraarensasre; (32) -p(J)- cvuiecraarensnsre; (33) -aaopncr; (34) -p(f)- I1MeHa (xpcsre cyurecraarensnsrx cp.p.}; (35) -oseI1H<peKT; (36) -6t<: (-6t-) cyuiecraarensnsre; (37) -T€pja (-T€pja-) cyuiecraarensusre; (38) -TT/P (-TT/P-) cyuiecrnarensnsre: (39) -TWP }-TOP1 cymecraarensasre; (40) -T6}-, -T€F$- npanararensnsre; (41) -/:1 - aopacr

C penynnaxauaeii; (42) _~'2_ HH<peKT C penynnaxanaex; (43) _€'2_ aOpl1CT

C penynnuxauaea; (44) _aK€'2_ HH<peKT C penynnmcauaeii; (45) -~aK€I1H<peKT; (46) -aue- I1H<peKT; (47) -v ... av€- I1H<peKT; (48) -WK€ - I1H<peKT C penynnaxaunea.

Apaficxaa UH<ppa cnpasa OT KOpHH Bl1)J;a CVCV 0603HaQaeT e~o xnacc ~

(= ran) (CM. '1aCTb 1 nacroameii CTaTbH); ,,- HeH3BeCTHbIH rnacnsra.

HI1JKe rrpI1BO)J;HTCH crrHCOK.

.... " :J / , I J :> /

(1) 'ara 2. I: avauai, arraouiu. la, ara~OJ1at 4, arrao- (B araaaaJ1T/V,

~raaTb<: H np.) 16. II: araT6<: 40. 1

,)t , / 3 I ~ / () 9 > 33

(2) ar€p. I: arreipo: 11. II: aveptio; 32, T/'Y€P T/V 2 , T/'Y€tpa'i .

(3) GFa 2. I: aTT/, a.ixhu (",aFd.TU) 18, Mw'la, "'aFaa- (B iioaro,

'J/ ,;) /'V

aaaa 11 np.) 16. II: aarai 28. I

, ~I ,1 :> ()

(4) aFap, I: aeuu» 11 aOpTT/ 18. Cp., O)];HaKO, T/€P€ W C HeHCHbIM aye-

, ~ I :I I

naYTHbIM KopHeBbIM rnaCHbIM H )];Onfl1M aHnaYTHbIM. II: a€pw 27, a€p()T/v ,/

29, T/€tpa 33. I /., I <>1

(5) ~FEtO - ~FEw" L I: a€ww 5, lrowT/, autoo<; 22. II: a€wa 33,

;1/ " ("l

a€WJ1a 30. / / :II »t >/

~ - 3 _;J ~ 18 ()~ 8 1 II

(6) aFt - aF€H. I: aT/TT/<: 17, aT/TT/ , a€ /\0<: , aT/J1t . : asnns;

36 (c HeperynHpHoH )];O~roToH), ~T/J1a 30.

. :Ii,~ I zr

(7-8) hFv. I:'tww la, aVTT/ 18. II: llvaa 33.

? Jf 3 I ;>1

(9) ax . I: aKTT/ 18. II: aKaX}1€VO<: 28, axoo; 3fo· , I

(10) aXa - aAuH. I: aAcfoJ1at 1 a, aA r/TT/<:, -aAa tiis; 1 7. II: T/ A T/() T/V 29,

~Aa.AT/J1at 28. I / I 1 .,

..... ~ ~ ':J 3 I"~ 8

(ll)'uA€ 2. I: aA€W I a, aAw- (aAwaa, aAT/A€Ka) 16, aA€To<: aA€TO<; 1 ,

:J 1:1' '} I • ...

aA€TpWW, aA€Tpt<: "'21. II: aAT/A€J1at 28 C ueperyrrapnoa xparxocrsro.

) ~ I "f ~ / ,1

(12) a}..at<{). I: aAwpw 5, aA€t17TT/<: 17, aAot¢T/ 22, T/At¢T/V 6. II:

? 1 n ./ , I '" ,1 33

aAOt(J1)J1o<: 32, aA€t1/it<: 36, T/A€t¢()T/V 29, aA€tJ1J1a 30, T/A€tVJ_P .

(13) aA€F - aA€F" 1. I: UA€O)1at 5, frA~U 22. II: frAvaKw 35.

(14) ~AEj. I: aAdTT/<: 17, ErAtTPO<: 21. II: aAtTT/Pb<:, "aAtTT{PW<: *38.

? , 1 • 1 , / 5 I' ~ I 38 ,/~ I-

(15) aAEK€ 1. I: aAK€TT/<: 17, aAK1) 22, aA€K,W . I : a/\KTT/p ,a/\t;t<:

36, aAEKTwp 39, IiAaAKov 43.

90

, I ~ :> /

(16) "aA¢€ - aA/\ ¢e 1 - 2. I: aA¢avw 46. II: T/A¢OV 27, aA¢Wt-({3ow<:)

*36. > 1 , I' / :>/

(17) lrJ1E1/3 - aJ1E;{3" 1. I: aJ1€i/3w 5, aJ1ol/3T/, aJ1ol/3o<: 22. II: aJ1€tVJt<: 36,

~J1d¢()T/v 29, T{J1€tVJa 33.

:J:II ) I ') I

(18) aJ1EAr - aJ1EAr" 1-2--f(/\). I: aJ1€ArW 5, aJ10ArO<: 22.

(19) aJ1Ep. I: 'ajli(€{pw 11. II: nJ1€'p()~v 29, 17J1€tpa 33.

(20) uuEpr - aJ1En" 1 - 2. I: b..J1€prW 5, aJ1/pow II.

.:d. -2. I " .) I

(21) ana 1 - 2. I: a1TaTT/ 18. II: T/1Ta¢oV 43, anaouncco 48.

,v:>/ :> / '>' >1 - :> 1- *38

(22) up. I: iionpov 9, aaraco *18. II: uooa 33, apapa 28, aomoia ,

:> 1 st

apapwKc,y 48, apapov 43. ( 1

}- :> / ;) (:>/:J ) 6 II '

(23) ape 2. I: apett; 18, aoeo- npeoa, aoeooouac 11 np. 1. : apWKW

35.

~;) > I , 1 ,/

(24) apEr - apErA 1 - -T (" ). I: apT/'YW 5, apWrT/, apwr0<: 22.

II: -aPT/~;<: 36. , I " / >/

(25) aoxe '2. I: apiceo: l a. II: apK€TO<: 40, aoxetns; 36. He HCKnlOQeH

Mop<poHonorwqeCKI1H BI1)]; KOpHH apAK€ 2. .

.., :> 1 I " " , /

(26)'apo 2. I: apow Ia, apOTT/<: ·17, apOTO<: 18, aootpou 21, apOJ1€Vo<: I.

II: tlpwJ1a 30. B cnenyiouiax £OPMax neperynapaaa KpaTKOCTh: ErPOTr/P 38,

) / , 1:7 8

T/p08T/v 29, -aPOTO<:* 40, apT/p J1€VO<; 2. ~, /

3 ,( ;t I .r s: ,1 :>

(27) apx€ 1. I: apxw 5, aPX€Ta<: 17. II: T/prJ1at 28, apvua 30, apKTO<;

40. 1 /

V;,/ .> I :> ~

(28)'(iX€ 2. I: axvuJ1at 14. II: aKaXT/J1at 28, aKaxwa 33, T/KUXOV 43.

- / / / I' La 9

(29) {3a. 1: (3OfJpov 9. II: {3aaKw 35, {3aat<: 36, {3aTO<: 40, €{3u.uT/v,2 ,

{3nJ1a 30, (f{3T/V, ~{3iiv 24, {3WJ1O<: (c ueperynapaoa ornacoaxoa) 32, {3€{3T/Ka 28, ~{3T/aa 33, {3i{3T/J1t, {3t{3UJ1t 42.

I I I I ,_ I

(30) {3EtFo 2. I: {3ww la, {3WTO<:, {3WTT/ 18, {3WJ1at 1, {3ta, (3w<: 22,

I I" ') I ':11 I ( ~

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)];OnrOToH) 40, {3t<.!;aKOJ1at (c neperynapaoa nonroroa) 35.

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€{3aAov 27. I _.

/ ( .i: I '~36

(32) {3Epo/-a 2. I: {3€{3€()pov/{3apa()pov 9, {3opa, {3lJpo<: 22. II: {3pwat<: ,

{3i{3pwKa, {3d{3pwJ1at 28, {3pwJ1a 30, f!{3pwv 24, {3l/3pdJaKw 44.

(33) {3Ex - {3Ex" 1 - 2. I: {3naaw 11. /

(34) {3A€1T - {3A€1Tt\ 1. I: {3A~1TW 5. II: {3A€1TTck 40, {3/{3A€¢a 28, {3A€J1J1a

30. 1 I

(35) {3par. I: {3paaaw 11, {3paaTT/<: 17.

(36) {3pi)J1. I: {3P€J1w 5, {3povn7 (H+) 18, {3P~J1o<: 22. Heperynspna (nosn-

HHH?) <popMa -{3p€J1tTT/<: (Anth. P.). / /

(37) {3pax€ 1. I: {3poxmx 18, {3P€XW 5. II: {3ptrJ1a 30, {3€{3p€rJ1€Vo<: 28,

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(39) {3PUK - {3PVK" 1 - 2. I: ~ptKW 5, {3P~TTW 11.

(40) {3IjYX - {3pux" L I:",{3puxw 5. II: {3l{3pVxa 28.

(41) {3vr· I: {3ffKTT/<: 17, {3v~w 11. / 1 1 /

(42) {3o - {3OH. I: {36TT/<: 17. II: {3om<: 36, {30TO<: 40, {30TT/P 38, {3oaKw 35.

{3<./;Twp39. I" / I I

(43) r~F€ 1 - 2. I: ra()€W ("'rOF€()nw) *7, ravVJ1at 14,ratw 11. 91

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, I. / I

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€,),€LJ1a 33.

/ I I I I

(45) ,),€v€,I. I: I'€V€TTlr; 17, I'€V€TTI 18, 'Y€V€OA7l, ')'€V€OAOV 8, ')'Ovor;,

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,),€V€T€tpa 37, I'€V€TTlP 38.

I INN I

(46) I'El.JO. I: ')'€VW 5, ')'€vJ1€Oa I. II: ')'€Votr; 36, ,),€VJ1a 30, ')'€VOTOr; 40.

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~I ~ I ~

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(50) ')'v-6. I: ')'VWo- (,),VWOTbr;, hvt;ooTlv H AO.) 16. II: ,),vwotr; 36,

I 40 >f '" I 'tl I

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( ) 31 /.V C I

51 F€p€ 2. I: €tpW 5, eipa 10. Heperynapna IPopMa KOpHH Ii P'7Tpa

21 (mKHAaJIOCb 6bI *F€P~TPCi). II: p~aKOJ1at 35, P17atr; 36, PTlT6r; 40, MTWP

3 9'/ " , • < I (/ "c I

, €tpT/Ka, €tpT/J1at 28, €PPT/OT/v €PP€Orw) 29.

r» (52) (h)Fea. I: ~av6r; 3, ~VVVJ1t 14, 'IaJ1at 1. II: ~a(a)a, €€aaci.p.T/v 33, €iJ1at 28.

(53) FaK~ ~ FaK'J,,/\ 1-2. I: ({aaa 10. II: :brov 41.

(54) Fetrva 1. I: "dpD W 11, €P')'dTT/r; 17, (/p-yavor; 3 (HO npyraa ornacoa-

xa B fionee 1I03AHeM €PI'&'VfI). II: "t/op,),a 28, ~p~a 33, i!p,),J1a 30. (55) FEpa ~ FEpa/\ 1 - 2. I: 'EPPW 5.

(56) FAa - FAaH. I: A&.W la. II: A11J1a 30.

(57) F e I c Ie/

pEl' - FpE,)," 1. I: P€~W 11. II: ?€KTT/P 38, P€~at 33.

(58) Fpaf. I: P~')'VVJ1t 14, p~KTT/r; 17, pT/aaw 11, ~ppd,),T/V 6. II: '/PPw,),a

28, pTi~tr; 36, pT/KTOr; 40, ~pPT/~a 33, Pf7'YJ1a 30, PW,),J1~ 32.

(59) D¥ - DCiFA 1. I: Da[w 11, -Dd.T/V 6. II: D~DT/a, D~Oa:a 28.

(60) D~. I: DatvvJ1t·.14, Datw 1l,Da[TT/ 18, DatTPbr;, DatT?6V 21.

(61) Diij€ 2. II: '€DdT/V 24, -DdT/TOr; 40, D€DdT/Ka, D€DaT/J1€vor; 28, DtOciaKW 44, D€Da€ 43.

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a1T€pJ.lU 30. I'} /

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(304) arrEvo ~ a1TElJo/\, 1. I: arreDow 5, arrov9T} 2'2. II: €Orreuaa 33.

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arEpT}OL<: 36, arepT}rLKb<: *40. I

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HCXOMmero (npa xapaxrepnoa )J,llH nYBHHCKOH rpaqlHKH nenepenaxe HOCOsoro rer-rfipa rnacnoro [,aj, B03HHKalOmero H3 COqeraHHH -an- nepen illyMHbIM cornacnuv) H3 *atimans> *atim(1Z. lIJIH nocnemrea sacra nYB. *atimall-s npnxonnrca npennonoaorrs HCXOnHoe *-m(c)n-s(nYB. *an < *en HnHlIYB. *-an < *n?), nocraronao 6nH3Koe K rrpyc. *-mn( e}-s. I10CKOJIbKY B nYBHH-

o

CKOM eure coxpananacs apxaaxaaa rtayxpozionax cacresra, rne HMH cp. p.

mrra HM.-BHH. rr. aa *-men Morno nporaaonocraanarscs HMeHH He cp. p. rana HM. rr. en. q. na -mieln-s, nocnernraa ¢opMa MO)f(er 6bITb sanannooanmHCKO-nYBHHCKHM Mop¢OnOmqeCKHM apxaH3MOM. B nYBHHCKOM euie He

I CM. 0 nHHrBHCTH'IeCKolt r-eorparpaa enos aroro KOPHR: nOp~U2 B. 4neHeHHe HH,/J,oeBponeacxon lI3hIKOBolt 06nacTH. M., 1964, C. 306 (K rrepexacneiuuaea TaM lKe ll.HaneKTHhIM Ha3BaHHRM 'cnosa' ell. XeT. uttar < "uk IV·tar, AP.-IIHA. I'Gk-, rae-as, np-rpeu. (/"0(' 'H xer. mcmiya- 'cnOBO, neno ', npoaasoruroe OT memiva- 'rosopa n,", nYB. mammana-, pcnynrmxauax K H.-e.*men.).

2 HBalJOB B.B. CnaBRHcKHlt, 6anmltcKHlt H paunetianxaacxaa rnarorr. M., 1981 (u narnHcltweM coxpatnenao.T'naron}, c.ll.

3 Slang Chr. S. Vergleichende Grammatik der baltischen Sprachen. Oslo, 1966, S. 225; Tonopo« B.H. npYCCKHlt lI3hIK. Cnoaaps. I· H. Moo 1979, c. 28- 29.

4 HBallOB B.B. lnaron, C. 154; Oettinger N. Die Stainrnbildung des hcthitischeu Vcrburns (Erlanger Beitragc zur Sprach- und Kunstwissenschaf't , N 64). Niirnberg , 1979, S. 457.Cnoao B Ka4eCTBe 3KBHBaneHT3 <pHHHK. sm 'HMlI' noaropserca B cneAYIOUIHx 4aCTlIX HannHCH H3 Kaparenc: fr. XLI, LXX, LXXI (cp.: Meriggi P. Manuale di eteo gcroglifico , pt II; Tesu . 1 a serie. Rorua, 1967, p. 86 89, co crapsrst 4TCHHeM 3HaKa -za-) , B nocnenne sr cnysae. HCCOMHeHHO, KaK HM. n. 0 -za- cp.: Arbeitman Y. Cuneiform and Hieroglyphic Luwian -za·. Zeit schr if't fur vergleichende Spruchforschung, 1976, Bd., XC; Arbeitman Y., Rendsburg G. Adana revisited: 30 years later ... Arhiv Orientalni, 1981, t. 49, p. 146, npHMe4.7.

104

5 Cowgill W. Evidence in Greek. - In: Evidence for Iaryngeals. The Hague=Paris, 1965, p. 113; Szemerenvi O. Syncope in Greek and Indo-European and the nature of Indo-European accent.· Naples, 1964, p. 110, 244 (c OIIIH6KOlt B OTHoweHHH n<l,ij,elKHolt <PYHKlum npyc. emnes).

"Cp.: Szemerenvi O. Op. cit., p. 110.

7 Cp K TaKOMY TonKOBaHHIO -san 'ero ': Hoffner l/., Giiterbock 1I. G. Hit tire dictionarv.

Vol. III. L- M. Chicago, 1980, p. 39.

IDS

WCH q,OPMOH rrpHUDKaTCnbHOrO rrOCm03HmBHOrO MCCTOHMCHl1H san ~'B BHH. II.); TaKHC HCTO'lHO cornacoaanasre q,OpMhl 6hmH 06bl'lHbl }J)IH ycnOBHO a~xaasapyrourero aasnca JlyaHHCKHX rrHCU;OB, nnoxo 3HaBIIrnX npCBHCXCTTCKHH H3hIK B peMCHl1 nepexona OT IlPCBHCXCTTCKoro, rne 06b1'lHbl 6bllH CO'lCTaHl1H rana lamma-iset [Iaman-set] 'HMH ero ' (B ilBYH3bl'lHOM TCKCTC XaTTYCHnH-

ca 1), K HOBOXCTTCKOMY, rne 3m CO'lCTaHl1H BblXOIlHT H3 ynOTPC6nCHl1H H coxpaHHIOTCH ronsxo B KorrHHX crapsrx TCKCTOB lL'lH B nonpaxanaax HM. 4cpCIlOBaHl1C I-Iz- B lamnijzamni nanosonraer 0 nepenase C06C~CHHb~X HMCH xarrcxoro rrpOHCXO)l(llCHHH Lihzina: Zihzina, rrpH'lCM }J)IH zamnillamni HC He-

v OJ rh 'of'" II H

KnIO'lCHO H BnHHIDIC CCMHTCKHX q,OPM rana 't'HHl1K. sm HMH. onOMY

COOTHOWCHl1C XCT. 1-: nYB. -t- B XCT. laman: nya. atimaz(a) MO)I(HO cpaanars C COOTHOlllCHl1CM XCT. labarna-: xar. tabar-na 'npaaarens'mys. tapar-ha 'npaBHn'. B 3TOM cnyxae Ka)l(CTCH B03MO)l(HbIM, 'lTO 1- (BMCCTO to, rtonysarouterOCH H3 *n npa /UfCCHMHnHu;HH, cp. Ha3BaHl1C nefia C nya. t-: nHT._ do, rrnn. d- :H.-C. *n-) mmHCTCH (KaK H z- B zamni) pesynsrarosr noanneamero ./Ufarrexraoro pa3BHTHH. OC06bIH HHTCpeC npencraanaer ornacoaxa nys. attmaz(a); ecna OHa HC 06bHCHHCTCH rparpasecxa, TO B wHCH MO)I(HO 6bllO npenrrOnO)I(HTb OTpa)l(CHHC H.-C. *e > nys. i (rrpa H.-C. *e > rrys , a), cp. B KnHH.

~h V~

nya, iHari < *g eST" aeporn. nya. istiajr-, nHK. izre 'pyxa'; XCT. kessar, rpex ..

x€{p, H.-C. *ghe!Csr- 'pyxa', nYE. wid-anza 'sonsr'". B TaKOM cnyxae \'303MO)l(* -

HaH rtpadiopraa nys . atimaz(a) BOCCTaHaBnHBaCTCH KaK H.-C. onemn-s, cp.

,.., ,..., 9 0

"nemn, BOCCTaHaBnHBaCMOC MH TOX. A nern, B nom ; cnOBO HBnHeTCH, cne-

1l0BaTCnbHO, OIlHl1M H3 06mCTOxapcKo-nyaHHcKHX apxaH3MOB. Hensaa C'lHTaTb HCKnIO'lCHHbIM, 'lTO yparr. "nime- 'HMH', CXOIlCTBO xoroporo C H.-C. * en-men 06mcrrpH3HaH01 0, B cnysae, ecnn OHO HBnHCTCH HC HCKOHHO poncraeaasnr HOCTpaTH'lCCKHMCnOBOM, a 1l0HCTOpH'lCCKHM 3aHMCTBOBaHHCM H3 HHJlOCBpom:»cxoro ' I, orpaxaer q,OPMY C BOKanH3MOM nepsoro cnora rana *e> i, ecrnr HC C MCTaTe30H "in > *ni, cp. *!J> "in, npennonaraevoe MH rrpYCCKHX q,OPM, 'lTO OC06CHHO nI060rrblTHO B 13HIlY COBrraIlCHl1H C rrpYCCKHM e BO BTOPOM errore, cp. cnas. * /ntnf! < "in-men. aarr-fiarrr. "inme-: ypan. "nime, HO xpononoraseCKH COMHl1TCnbHa B03MO)l(HOCTb 3aHMCmOBaJiliH B otnneypamcxaa H3 6anrnHcxoro. C q,opMaMI1 rnna q,HHHo-yropcKHX HilH C HX HCTO'lHHKOM (6Yilb TO 06mCHOCTparn'lCCKaH /UfanCKTHaH nparpopxra HnH ):UIanCKTHaH HHIlOCBponCHCKaH nma fiarrr. "inme I1J1H a.-TOX. *n'el1l) MorYT 6blTb COrrOCTaBnCHbl H KHT.

min, m6. min 'HMHol 2 (YCTHOC coofiuienae C.A. Crapocrana; MCTaTC3a?). Cnoao MO)l(CT 6bITb nH60 ('lTO 60ncc BCPOHTHO) KynbTypHblM MHrpau;HOHHbIM TCPMHHOM, nH60 OCTaTKOM eute 60ncc IlPCBHl1X (poncrseaasix") CB&- 3eH pasasrx H3blKOBblX CCMCH.

PCKOHCTpYKu;HH H.-C. *onelifm( e]n- CTaBHT nonpoc 0 IlPCBHCHlllCH Mopq,onorn'lCCKOH CTpYKTYpC cnosa. rHnOTC3a 0 rr031lHCHlllCM nepexone IIp .• rpes,

N J -' .1 / 13

OVOJlCl'. B THn na *-ntc (cp. pon, rr. OVOJlCl'.TOC> t:VVJlUTOC Morna B03HHKHyTb

ronsxo 110 roro, K:K 6bll BblHBnCH (finaronapa BHClllHCMY HOCTpam'lCCKO-

_ ) 14 _

My CpaBHCHl1IO, B 'laCTHOCm, C IlpaBHilHHcKHM HCKnIO'lHTCnbHbIH apXaH3M

aroro rnna HMCH cpenaero porta. B XCTTCKOM nOT ran CKnOHCHl1H (B03- MO)l(HO, B CBH3H C npeofinananaexr axrannoro 3Ha'lCHl1H Y HMCHHoro cydi. q,HKca -nt-) paspyuten H PCKOHCTPYHPYCTCH TOIIbKO rro OTIlCIIbHblM apxaasMaM. K HX 'lHcny B XCTTCKOM MorYT OTHOCHTbCH H HCKOTOPblC H3 q,OPM C HCXOnOM aa on, nocxorrsxy KOHC'lHOC -nt B a6COnIOTHOM HCXOIlC naer -n

(KaK B npaxacrnax HM.-BHH. rr. en, 'l. cp. p. rra -an < *-ant).OIlHaKO!Cp. np.-XCI. HM.-BHH. n. en. cp. p. la-a-ma-an (O'lCBHIlHO, C YllapCHl1CM rra nepnosr errore>kfman): KBo XIX 152 I 20 (np.-XCI'. TCKCT CPC):UICXCTTcKoro nounrfia"},

KBo III 21 III 19.

B.H. Tonopos HCllaBHO otiparnnca K napannenasr C 06meHHllocBponcH-

. 15 P C

CKHMH q,opMaMH llaBaHl1H--YCTaHOBnCHl1H HMCHl1 . aCCMOTpHM MaT paan,

rr03BonHIOlllHH BOCCTaHOBHTb )J,JIH 06mCHHIlOCBponCHCKoro CO'lCTaHHC

"elo nom( etn ~eH- 'YCTaHOBHTb (nars) HMH'. B 1l0nOnHcHHc K q,aKTaM, B CBOC BpCMH accnenosaanuxr B )TOH CBH3H1 6, B HaCTOHlllCC BpCMH MO)I(HO YKa--

1 7 _

sars na uenyio cepmo XCTTCKHX CBHIlCTCnbCTB ,rOBopHIIIHX B nonssy 3TOH

peKOHCTPYKIlllli. Cavsre paHHHC H3 srax CBHIlCTCnbCTB BCTpC'laIOTCH B TaKHX IlpeBHCXCTTCKHX TCKCTax (noinezuuax B KOIIHHX HOBOXCTTCKoro BpeMCHl1), KOTOPblC MorYT 6blTb OTHCceHbl K HaH60nce paHHl1M rrpOH3BCIlCHl1HM IIHCU;OB (XCTTCKHX HnH npaexasunrx H3 BaBHnOHa H noxroraaurax C031laHl1IO XCTTCKOH rrHCbMCHHOH nHTCpaTYPbl), KOTOPblC 3aHl1ManHCb rrCpCBOIlaMH axxanCKHX TCKCTOB aa XCTTCKHH H3bIK. K TaKI1M TCKCTaM OTHOCHTCH rHMH Ana-

ny, COIlCp)l(alUHH q,pa3Y URUKA. DINGIR. RA-ma-ssan kuedani URU-ri

d Anis la-a-ma-an dail 'BaBHnOH, ropon, KOTOPOMY (6YKB.: KOTOPOMY ropoAY, apXaH'lCCKaH KOHCTPYKu;HH) 60r AHY YCTaHoBHn (dais) HMH' KBo 21 IV 18-19 (= 2 Bo TU 6). B HOBOXCTTCKOH MOnHTBC napansr ITYIlYXCIIbI COnHC'l-

'H8aH06 B.B. XeTTCKIIA lI3blK. M .. 1963: Oettinger N Op. cit.

"Krause w.. Thomas W Tocharisches Ele me ntarbuch, Bd. I. Heidelberg, 1960, S. 57; O1l1ll6o'lHbl B03palKeHIUI: Szemerenyi 0. Op. cit., p. 406, TaK KaK nYBIIAcKIIA naer HeaaBIlCIIMO TY »ce peKoHcTpYKlJ,HIO.

10 JlblTKUH B.H., T_YIIRe8 E.C. KpaTKIIH :JTI1MOJlOJ'lJ4eCKHA cno aars KOMH H3bIKa. M., C. j 91.

I 1 H8aH08 B.B. Peu, xa KH.: HnnH'l-CBI1Ti.I'l H.M. Onsrr cpaBHCHlIlI HOCTpaTII'leCKIIX lI3bIKOB. - H KH.: JTIIMOnOrllll. 1979. M., 1981: 3T11MOnOrH'lCCKIIA cnosaps cnansaCKHX lI3bIKOB. noll. pen. O.H. Tpyfiaveaa. Bsrn, 8. M., 1981, C. 228. AnbTCpHaTIIBHOe o6bHcHeHHe npennonaracr 06meHoCTpaTII'leCKIIA xapax re p cnona (J£I/lU~.C8UTbl~ B.M. Onsrr cpaBHeHIIH HOCTpaTII'lCCKIIX H3bJKOB. CpaBHIITenbHbJA cnonaps (13). M., 1976, C. 82-83, CooBO N° 317), HO B TaKOM c.ryuae CTOHno 6bI JlOCTaBIITb sonpoc He 0 ceMilT. nb '3BaTb', AOnaTO'lHO AaneKOM ceMaHTII'leCKH, a 0 CeMIIT. sm 'IIMlI', 'ITO, B03- MOlKHO, npOJ1HnO 6bI CBCT H na aaranovusrc Kone6aHHH B xapaxrepe H.-e. n-: cnau.

/. (KaK npx HOCTp. *n.); xer. l-/z -, nYB. t·, cp.-y. *n./l -.

106

" no rxnoreae P. MHJJJJepa, TIl 6. min 3a1!MCTBOBaHO 113 KilT. min (CM. 06 3TOM B aaIDIcaHHoA aaropora rnase 0 T116eTcKoM lI3bJK03HaHIIH B KH.: HCTOPlIll nIlHrBIICTI!'leCKIIX Y'leHIIIt. Cpo;l.HIIe sexa. M., 1981, TaM lKe mrreparypa nonpoca) .

• 3 Szemerenyi O. Op. cit., p. 244.

'4 HBaHOB B.B. Ilpaasuxa KaK 06beKTbI OnHCaHHH B H3A. "~3bIKII MHpa". - B KH.:

Teoperasecxae OCHOBbJ KnaCCllcpIIKau,HII lI3blKOB MHpa. M., 1980 (TaM lKe 6116nllorpacplIH) .

•. s TOnOP08 B.H. npYCCKIIA lI3bJK. Cnoaaps. E-H. M., 1979.

16 HBaHOB B.B. XlpeBHellHAHAcKHA MHCP 06 YCTaHoBneHHH HMeH Hero napannens B rpe'1eCKolt rpamnuor. - B KH.: XlpeBHlIH HHAHH. M.,1964, c.85-94; On »ce. Osepxn no acropaa CeMIIOTIIKII B CCCP. M., 1976, c.41-46; OH »ce. APxal!3MbJ.B rnaronsnsrx ¢meKclIHx ApeBHe6anKaHCKHX II antiaacxoro H3bJKOB. - B KH.: ,Balcamca. 11I1HI1IIICTI!'leCKHe HccneAOBaHIIH. M.,1979, c.62; CM. raiose: OHJlCe. I'naron, c.140-142.

I 7 Hoffner H., Giaerbock H. G. Op. cit., p. 31-35 (TaM lKe 6H6nllorpacpIIH).

107

HOH fiornae APHHHbI npa OITHCaHHH xapaxrepnoro nna rr03JJ;HeXeTTCKOrO CHHKpeTH3Ma TO)!(JJ;eCTBa pa3HbIX HMeH 60rnHH sro )!(e coseranae taman dai- 'ycTaHOBHTb HMH' rro OTHomeHHlO K 60rHHe ynorpebnaerca C B03BpaTHOH 'lacTHu;eH -za (rrOTOMY 'ITO 60)!(eCTBO casro ce6e YCTaHaBrrHBaeT HMH: nu-za-kan

A U URU t.r • dUTU URU I v v

J.N K R Uattl TUL-na SUM-an da is t( a) namma-za kuit

v

KUR-e GISERTN-ar iyat nu-za-kan d Hebat SUM-an daiita 'B crpane XaTTH TbI ce6e YCTaHoBHrra (daih«, <popMa fionee rr03JJ;HHH, '1eM daisl8) HMH ConHe'lHOH 60rHHH ropona APHHHbI, HO B TOH crpane, KOTOPYlO (6YKB: B KOTOPOH crpane) TbI cnenana crpanoii xenpa, (TaM) TbI ce6e YCTaHoBHrra HMH Xe6aT' KUB XXI 27 I 3-6. K TOMY )!(e UapCTBOBaHHlO XaTTYCHJIHCa III (My)!(a Ilynyxensr) OTHOCHTCH <pparMeHTHpOBaHHbIH TeKCT KUB XXI 37 obv.

v

11, me BCTpe'laeTCH CO'leTaHHe SUM-an teabi 'H YCTaHaBrrHBalO HMH'. ITo OT-

aomennro K 60)!(ecTBY (KaK B npaseneaasrx nsnue npasrepax) TO)!(e cose-

y

TaHHe [SlUM-an dait [til 'TbI ycraaaanaaaeius HMH' BCTpe'laeTCH B MOrrHTBe

KBo IX 101 13. B cpe,JJ;HeXeTTCKoM TeKCTe 06 Anny CO'leTaHHe Zaman dai'HMH onpenenan,' OTHOCHTCH K repoto, JJ;alOlUeMY HMeHa CBOHM CbIHOBbHM:

nu-sri-san sanizzi Zaman LlJ HUL-Zu dais 'H OH eMY YCTalJoBHrr nonxogamee HMH:3rroH' KUB XXIV 81117+ XXXVI 60 III 8; nu-ssi-kan NIG.SLSA-an SUM-an

dais 1I OH eMY YCTaHOBHJI HMH: CrrpaBeJJ;JIHBbIl1 (IIpaBeJJ;HbIH)', TaM )!(e, 13 (19). Crrcziyer OTMeTHTb, 'ITO H Y I'osiepa 3aCBHJJ;eTerrbCTBOBaHO yrrorpeone-

,I '{} {}

HHe pOJJ;CTBeHHOrO CO'leTaHHH OVOJl.CX ,n EO at rro OTHomeHHlO K YCTaHOBrreHHlO

HMeHH petienxa.

B.H. TOIlOPOB

06 O,rUIOH J1ATblIIlCKO-CJ1ABRHCKOH KOHCTPYKQHH C yqACTHEM *RAD-

EarrTO-CnaBHHCKOMY KOPHlO *rad- He noseano. OH 6bm KOHCTHTYHpOBaH npaKTH'IeCKH B casroe nocneruree BpeMH. liOCTaTO'lHO cocnarsca aa H3BeCTHbIH cnosaps P. Tpayrsraaa' , B KOTOPOM npencrasneasr OTJJ;enbHbIe CTaTbH, xoropsre rro MeHbmeH Mepe HarronOBHHY OKa3bmalOTCH "rrYCTbIMH" (OTCYTcrnyer TO 6arrTHHCKaH '1aCTb npasrepoa, TO cnaBHHCKaH), T.e. OTCT)rrralOIJ..IHMH OT npanuana, BbIJJ;BHraeMOro CaMHM aBTopOM B xasecrae KpHTepHH JJ;JIH rrocrynaponamra 6arrTO-enaBHHCKOH neKCH'IeCKOH peKOHCTPYKUHH. Marepaan, OTHOCHMbIH HblHe K eJJ;HHOM)' KOPHlO *rad-, pacnpenenen Y TpaYTMaHa rro crreJJ;YlOlUHM CTaTbHM: "rada- 'pO)!(JJ;eHHe' (cnan. *rodo, nrur. *raza < *radiii, JJTlII. rasme, nHT. rasm;); *riida- 'paJJ;oCTHbIH' (cnaa. "radt-, 6arrTHHCKHe rrpaMepb! OTCYTCTBYlOT); *radeio 'aafoxycs' (cnaa. * raditi, *radeti, 6anTHHCKHX

. "

I • HBaHOB B.B. CpaBHHTenbHO-HCTOpH'leCKHit ananas xareropaa onpeneneaaocra-aeonpeneneaaocrn B cnaBHHCKHX, 6anrnitcKHx H ApeBHe6anKaHCKHX assncax B caere HHAOeBponeHCTHKH H HOCTparnKH. - KH.: Karerpax onpeAeneHHocrn-HeonpeAeneHHOCTH B CnaBJlHCKHX H 6anKaHCKHX aasnca, M.,1979; OH see. I'naron, c.65-66, 202--204.

I CM.: Trautmann R. Baltisch-slavisches Wor terbuch. Gottingen, 1923, S.234-236, cp.:

Idem. -- BB, 1905, Bd. 29, S. 308 et al.

108

•

$aKTOB HeT); "'radztel-'rrOKa3bIBaTb' (nar. rodyti, nrur, rad'lt, CrraBHHCKHe npaerepsr OTCYTCTBYlOT); "randii 'HaXO)!(Y' (nnr. rasti : randu : radail, cnaaaaCKHX cOOTBeTCTBHH HeT). Bee 3TH CTaTbH paaposneasr Me)!(,JJ;Y C060H, a cnosa, Bm}J)lIUHe B HX COCTaB, "THHYTCH" B nporaaononoxorsre CTOPOHbI, npa'1eM HM HaBH3bIBalOTCH H noxersre CBH3H (cp, mrr. rddo : rOT. wratsn, JJ;p.ces. rata H JJ;p.). 11 rrocrre cnonapa TpaYTMaHa pasnsre cnona 6anTO-enaBHHcxoro KOpHH "rad- paCCMaTpHBanHCb KaK He CBH3aHHbIe npyr C npyror-r H BHe xpyra 6rrH)!(aHIIlliX enaBHHCKHX H HeKOTopbIX npynrx napannenea, IIpH'lHHa aroro aTOMH3HpYlOlUero nonxona O'leBHJJ;Ha: OHa KpoeTCH B nenoouenice H, cnenonarensno, npenetipexeaaa K CeMaHTH'IeCKHM CBH3HM H HX accneJJ;OBaHHfO. IIO)!(aJ1yH, csrrpano CBOlO porrb H ij:e)!(erraHHe ofipamarsca K JJ;aHHbIM, OTHOCHIJ..IHMCH K crpepe KOM6HHaTopHKH, HnH, ecna roaopars 0 Hecxonsxo HHOM acnexre, rrOrrO)!(HTbCH na 3 JJ; P a B bI H C M bI C rr. B caMOM nene, JJ;Ba 6anTHHCKHX rnarona, npaaannexautax K 'lHcrry O'leHb pacnpocrpaHeHHbIX, Ba)!(HbIX rro MeCTY, 3aHHMaeMOMY HMH B CeMaHTHKe, <pOHeTH'IeCKH CXOJJ;HbIX npyr C npyroxr, OKa3anHCb rrpaKTH'IeCKH H C K n 10 'I e H H H M H, rrHlIIeHHbIMH Hane)!(HbIX H 6nH3KHX (npeacre Bcero - - enaBHHCKHX) rraparrnenea, cp. nar. rasti (rand- : rad-) : rodyti, rrrtu. rast (ruod-] : ruon-]: fiidlt. ECTecTBeHHo 6bmo 6bI rrOCTaBHTb sonpoc 0 CBH3H 3THX rnaronos , HHa'le roBOPH, 0 e JJ; H HOM petuenaa 060HX cnysaes. Taxoe petuenae Morno 6bI 6bITb HaHJJ;eHO aa nyrax CeMaHTH'IeCKOrO HceneJJ;OBaHHH, xo ropoe OCBeTHrrO 6bI H CBH3H 3THX JJ;Byx rnaronos C JJ;pyrnMH 'lJIeHaMlI TOH )!(e nexcaxo-ceMaHTH'IeCKOH rpynnsr. flo cnysanocs TaK, 'ITO 6bm H36paH npyroa - M 0 p-

<p 0 H 0 n 0 r H 'I e C K H H - nyrs. Xp. C. CTaHr, HCXO;o;H H3 Mop<poHonOfH-

'1eCKHX KpHTepHeB, nsrcxaaan npennonoxeaae ("wahrsL:heinlich"), 'ITO "redo : rodyti ('rrOKa3f>IBaTb'), BepOJITHO, JIBnHeTCH KaY3aTHBOM K randa : rttsti ('HaXOJJ;HTb') H OTHOCHTCH K 3T0M)' rnarony T8K )!(e, KaK CT.-crr. paliti K plano, np-ces. [cera K fara"2. 113 aroro npennonoxenaa cnenyer, 'ITO nHT. rodyti, nrur. reid:t npa 3KCIIJIHKaUHH CeMaHTH'IeCKHX COCTaBnHlOlUHX JJ;on)!(HbI rrOHHMaTbCJI KaK "cnenars TaK, '1T06bI HaHTH", r.e. 'noxaaan,'. K 3TOM)' MHeHHlO rrpHCOeJJ;HHHJICH H 3. cI>peHKerrb3, KOTOPbIH, TeM He MeHee, npnnepaomanca rreCCHMHCTH'IeCKOH TO'IKH spenaa aa 3THMOnOfHlO nHT. rasti - "Etyrnoiogie umstritten ". XOTH cI>peHKenb He 6bm snonae rOTOB OTKa3a TbCH OT CTapOH 3THMOnOfHH TpaYTMaHa (rasti : rOT. wratiin), OH ace )!(e cxaran 60rree sepoHTHOH CBH3b nHT. rasti, nrur. rast C nrur, rads 'p0JJ;CTBeHHHK' H r.n., radit 'poacnars', 'c03JJ;aBaTb', 'COTBOPHTb', 'rrpOH3BOJJ;HTb' H r.n. (cp. cnas. *rodo: *roditi) H rrpHCOeJJ;HHJIJICH K rrpeJJ;JIO)!(eHHOH CTaHroM cxeste CBH3H JJ;Byx 6anTHHCKHX rnaronos - ocaoanoro (HenpOH3BOJJ;Horo) H KaY3aTHBHoro. HeJJ;aBHO 6bmo noxasaao", 'ITO see 3TH TpH CeMaHTH'IeCKHX KOMIlJleKCa ('HaxoJJ;HTb' - 'YKa3bIBaTb' - 'pOJJ;HTb') MorYT rrpHCYTCTBOBaTb B 0 JJ; H 0 H nexce »

lCM.: Stang Chr. S. Das slavische und baltische Verbum. Oslo, 1942, S.148. Cp.: Idem.

Vergleichende Grammatik der Baltischen Sprachen. Oslo-Bergen-Tromso, 1966, S. 326, 347-348.

'CM.: Fraenkel E. Zum baltischen und slavischen Verbum. - ZfslPh, 1950, Bd.20, S. 254; Idem. Litauisches etyrnologisches Worterbuch. Heidelberg, 1962, S. 700-701,741- 742 et al.

• CM.: Tonopoe B.H. Bennncxoe RAD- (3Ha'leHHe, 3rnMonOrnJl, CBJl3H). - In: Ksiega pami'ltkowa ku czci Eugeniusza Siuszkiewicza. Warszawa, 1974, s. 235-246; OH »ce. 06 OAlfOlI fiarrr.scnaa. cHHTaKCH'leCKoit KOHCTpYKUHH H fiarrr.vcnaa. *rad-. - In: IV Baltistu konference. RIga, 1980, 1. 194-195.

109

CTBYIOmHH. rnaron xonapyerca KaK paa KOpHeM *rad-) HeqTO (Ace, HnH

Gen.). Cp. Ben. Uso r a d a sanim "0 Yurac, 0 T K P 0 H 6naro!"; rrrnr.

Usi1) , rod zirgu "0 Ycansur, HaHnH KOHeH!" Pyc. ABCeltb (Tayceltb) & po 0 U JlCUTO! H r.n. (me noreanaansasra cytrsexr neHCTBH)l H casro neHCTBHe Bblpa)f(eHbI reHeTHqeCKH 06IIUfMlf /cOOTBeTCTBeHHo/ :meMeHTaMlf). B KOHTeKCTe 3THX COrrOCTaBneHHH OqeBHp;HO, qTO Pyc. poou nrrorme MO)f(eT fibITh rrepeseneao H rrrur. rod 'HaH)J;H! ~ H nHT. rodyk 'rroxaxor! ~ H Ben. rada, H CJ1enosarensno, MO)f(HO C nOCTaTOqHbIM OCHOBaHHeM rosopars 0 TaKHX OKKa3Honansnsrx 3HaqeHH)lX PYC. pOOUTb KaK 'HaXOnHTb', '06HapY)f(HIiaTh', 'orxpsman,', 'rroxaasraars' npa OCHOBHOM 3HaqeHHH 'rrpOH3BO)J;HTh na CBeT', 'COTBOP)lTb', 'pO)J;HTh'. B 3TOM CMbIcne cnaaaacxae naaasre Ha~HaIOT arpars B omrcsraaeMOM CeMaHTHqeCKOM KOMIUleKce pons, corrOCTaBHMYIO C ponsro naThUIlCKHX <paKTOB.

Borree neransno npoaeztenaoe COrrOCTaBneHHe COOTBeTCTBYIOmHX 6anTHHCKHX H enaB)lHCKHX <paKTOB nosrozcer BbICBeTHTb HOBbIe acnexrsr CXOnCTBa H yTO~Tb euie 60nee aexoropsre csrsrcnoasre MOTHBHPOBKH. B nOH CB)l3H BHHMaHHe npasnexaer narsnncxaa rnnoaaa KOHCTPYK!Ui)l, )lnpOM KOTOPOH aanaerca COqeTaHHe radis C InL Cp., narrp., vi!,s r ad i s agri celties "OH

n p H B bI K paso BCTaBaTb", rae Part. Praet. act. radis asrcrynaer npaxraqeCKH no-rra KaK rpaMMaTHqeCKHH noxasarens, 0603HaqaIOIIUfK 3 H a K 0 - Moe, n p H B bI q Hoe (auysemroe - aayveaaoe) neHCTBHe6. Jlrur. radis 'rrpHBbIKlllH(H)' (r.e. 'aaureznna', 'orxpsmura', 'yaaasura', '06Y~BlllHCh' H r.n.) peanasyer ry )f(e cxesry, qTO H pyc. npU-BWKItYTb : lta-YIJUTbCJl, rne 06a rnarona BOCXOIJ)IT K 06meMY KOPHIO (cp. YIJUTb, npUYIJUTb H KaK pe3ymTaT - npUBWKItYTb). ECTeCTBeHHa CB)l3b npaasrsnoro C 0 6 hI q H bI M (*ob& *vyk-, r.e. TOT )f(e KopHeBOH 3neMeHT), peryn )lPHO rrOBTOp)leMhIM B nanHOH caryanaa, KaK 6bI sapasee rOT 0 B hI M K BocrrpOH3BeneHHIO yxce ynorpetinaaureaca cxesrsr (06blqHOCTh neHCTBH)l M)l cytrsexra nerxo MO)f(eT rpaacpopserposarsca B roTOBHOCTh K neHCTBHIO) , 0 x 0 THO YKnaAbmaIOIIUfMC)l B nee. Ecna oranessca OT fonee qeM crropnsrx nonsrrox 3THMonorHqeCKOrO 06'b)lCHeHH)l cnaa. "rads H3 <pOPM, npennorrararoutax annayr rana *ard- (*ord-), TO oxaxerca, qTO cnaa, "rads CXOp;HO C nrur, radis <PYHK!UiOHaJlbHO H - -.,8 H3BecTHoH CTerreHH - Mop<ponOrnqeCKH. Cp. nTlll. radis (rnasc. Sg.), radusi (fern. Sg.); radusi (rnasc. Pl.), radulas (fern. PI.) npa CJ1aB. *rad'b, *rada; "radi, *rady (cp. eute <poPMY neutr.- *rado. Sg. H *rada. Pl.), xaxoasre 3aCBHneTenhCTBOBaHbI peansao (aanp., B crapocnaaaacxosr) HnH B cnerxa npeofipaaonanaora nane, cp. xeur, rdd, rdda; rddi (rnasc. PI. ony - uresn.) , rddy (rnasc. PI. neonyur. H fern. Pl.). I1 radis H rads , rtepaonaxamHO npaaannexca K onaosry Mop<ponOrnqeCKoMY xnaccy (MO)f(HO nonarars, 'ITO nexorna "radz , nonofino cr-cn. HSC'b, T€K'b H r.n., Momo 6hITb Part. Praet. act. - "rad-iis; yrpara CKnOHeHH)l H 0606meHHe rro <popMe MY)f(CKOro pona 06'b)lCHHnH 6bI OTCYTcTBHe npononscareneii TaKOH <pOPMhI, KaK *radusi> "radsli, cp. H€CIIII1 H non.}, noaxe pa30IImHCh, H B OTnemHhIX cnaBJI}{CKHX )l3bIKaX "radt; OKa3anOCh B HeCKonhKO H30nHpoBaHHoM nOnO)f(eHHH, lfeM 06'b)lCHaIOTC)l H npyrae HOBo06pa30BaIiH)l, caasaaasre C HHM. Ho H ra-

'Pe'IL MOJKeT H.o;nt: H 0 npHCTaBO'IHOM rnarorre. TaK, B /l:llHHOM npasrepe aapxny c ra-

dis YMeCTHbi TaKJKe ieradis, paradis, pieradis. B 4>0pMax 1-m H 2·ra IIHu;a ynorpef-

JUleTCll: rnaron '6b1Th', cp.: es esmu radis osrt celties H r.n. (op. pareia 'npaasr-nca". pee paraias 'no npaastuxe' H r.n.) .

Me, npHqeM eIO, B qaCTHOCTH, OKa3anOCb Be)J;HHCKOe rad-, xoropoe, KaK H np-nepc. rad-, ava-rad- H aexoropsre npyrae HHp;O-HpaHcKHe <POpMbI (II rOM ~ene H COBceM n03nHHe), H H K a K He ~TbmanOCb npa 06CY)f()leHHH YKa- 3aHHhIX 6anTHHCKHX HnH pOnCTBeHHbIX HM enaB)lHCKHX enos. B03MO)f(HOCTb

C nOMOmbIO Ben. rad- BOCCTaHOBHTb sees KOMITneKC csrsrcnoa, pacrrpenenenHbIX B 6anTHHCKOM H CnaB)lHCKOM no pa3HbIM rnaronasr, rrosaonaer

BCKPbITb H caM xapaxrep CB)l3eH OTnenbHbIX 3HaqeHHH BHYTpH npaxrasecxa yaaaepcansnoro CeMaHTHqeCKOrO KOMITneKCa (norrpofiaee H KOHKpeTHee 0

HeM rOBOpHnOCh Y)f(e B npyrosr MeCTe). Hnpo aroro KOMITneKCa COCTaBn)l-

er 0603HaqeHHe onaoro H3 sasoreaurax KOCMOnOrnqeCKHX neHCTBHH - 0 T - xrp bI BaH a a (B npHMOM H rrepeHOCHOM CMbIcne) KaK B bI -)l B n e H H a, pac - K P bI T H)l (xepea npeononeaae aexoero npenarcraaa, cpsmaaae saseCbI, npOHHKHOBeHHe sa aee) , O-K a 3 a H H HS, H a x 0 )f( n e H a a roro, qTO 6bIDO CKPbITO. 3TOT OCHOBHOH CMblen rpascnosapyerc s B c<pepy 0 H T 0 - nor H q e C K 0 r 0 (aaneaaoe, craanree , B03HHKmee, C03)laHHOe, poxneaaoe KaK pesynsrar orxpsraamor-aaxoxneaas H KaK OCHOBHa)l xapaxrepacraxa "raxofisrraa" - Sosein) H rHO ceo nor H q e C K 0 r 0 (OTKpbITHe-Ha - xoxnenae rrpHBO)J;HT K KOHTaKTY cyfrsex ra neHCTBH)l C HaHneHHbIM 06'beKtOM, K YCBoeHHIO ero, K npeapauiemno B H3BeCTHoe, 3HaKOMoe, y 3 H a H - Hoe; CaMO)f(e rr06Y)f()leHHe K OTKPbITHIO-Haillo)f()leHHIO ecrs y K a 3 a H He, Hay q e H H e, HMeIOmee uensio Bblpa60TKY onsrra, n p a B bI q K H K rrOBTOpHbIM onepanaax oncpsrraa=saxoacreaaa). TaKHM 06pa30M, pasaue 3BeHb)l nora ceMaHTHqeCKOrO xoxrnnexca OTpa)f(3IOT peansao 3aCBHneTenhCTBOaaaaste COOTBeTCTBYIOIIUfe CMblenbI, cp.: 1) 'aaxonars' (nHT. rasti, nrur, rast), 2) 'P0)J;HTb" (rrrur. radlt, rata, rasme, nHT. ra!me, cnas. =rods, *roditi H r.n.) , 3) 'noxaasmars' (nHT. rodyti, nrur. radit H r.n.) , 'lT0 nonrsep)f()laeTC)l MHOrnMlf aaanoraassa. Cpe)J;H HHX oco6eHHO noysnremasr re, KOTOpsre aKryanH3HpYIOT TeMY 3 H a H a a, B03HHKaIOmyIO B Ka)f(AOM 6noKe 3TOro KOMJ1neKCa (,HaXO)f(AeHHe' KaK OTKpbITHe, y 3 H a BaH He; 'posoieaae' KaK 3HaHHe, cp. H.-e. *g'en-, *g'en-a- 'poxnars' H '3 HaT s'; 'rrOKa3bIBaHHe' KaK 06yqeHHe, HMeIOmee peaynsrarora 3 H a H He). Bnpoxera, OCHOBHble Y3JlbI cxeMbI BbIaBn)lIOTC)l H npa peKOHCTPYKUHH <pparMeHTOB HHp;OeBporreHCKHX paryansao-nosrnsecxax <popMyn, saaseaae KOTOPbIX, Me)f(AY rrpO~M, COCTO; HT KaK 6bI B TOM, qTO finaronapa HM BOCCTaHaBnHBaIOTC)l nexoropsre naKyHhI, 3arrOnH)lIOTCH npooensr B cern COOTBeTCTBHH. Onaa H3 HaH60nee y6e)J;HTenbHblx <popMymHblx crpyxryp npermonaraer ofipatneaae K MH<Ponorn- qeCKoMY nepcoaaxy (ero HM)l CTOHT B Voc.) C npoct.tJoH cnenars (COOTBeT-

5 Ocofioro BHHMaHHJ{ 3~.CIIYJlmBaeT ceMaHnt:'leCKHII: :meMeHT 'Ka3-' (cp.IIHT. rddytt, IITUl, radit). B .o;aHHoM cnyvae cyuiecraemro, 'ITO OH orcsmaer K anee K 0 H K p e r H 0 II:

4> e HOM e H 0 11 0 r H 3 a U; H H: He 'ITO cxpsrroe CTaHOBHTCJ{ J{ B 11 e H H bI M Bon p e.0; e 11 e H H 0 II: 4>opMe. He MeHee BalKHO, 'ITO npa H3MeHeHHH CHHTaKCH'leCKOrO perncrpa (nanp., B xauecrae BDOAHoro CJJOBa) sner-tenr 'Ka3-' MOlKeT CTaTb HeKHHM KIJaccH4>HKaTopOM, OTCblIJaIOUl,HM K pe3Y1lbTaTY COOTBeTCTBYIOII!erO .o;ell:cmHJ{ H/HIIH K crpepe npeuenenra, nOBTopJ{eMocrn, r.e. HeKoell: ~aKOHOMepHOCnt:, npenycsro-rpennoro OJlm.o;aHHeM peaynsrara, Cp. PYC. oxasueaercs KaK 'nOHBIIJ{eTCJI', 'npencraer', 'HMeeT MeCTO', HO H 'KaK naonnoe CIIOBO - 'KaK BL!JlCHHIIOCb', 'KaK CTaIJO aaaecrno', 'KaK OTKPbl1JOCb' (cp.: OH 0 K a 3 a 11 C.fI YMHbZM 'le1108eKOM H OH, OKa3flJ10Cb, yMHbzU sen08eK, r.e.: OH J{BHIICJI /npe.o;CTaIJ' KaK YMHbIII: 'leIl0BeK, XOTJ{ aapaaee Mbi aroro He 3HaIJH HIIH He MOrIJH 6bI sroro yraepsenars) . Cp. IIHT. rodytits), HO rodos 'KaJKeTcJ{ (B sacrnocra, KaK BBOAHoe CIIOBO).

110

111

dis 11 rads BKnIO'lalOTCH B 06ll1YIO CI1IUaKCI1'1eCKYIO KOHCTpYKIJ,IIIO C rnaronOM '6bITb' B nWIHOH ¢opMe " "H¢"HHmBOM, rrpJ1lleM npa H3BeCTHOM pacXO)l()J;CHI1H B 3Ha'lCHHHX KOHCTpYKIJ,IIH B narsnucxosr H CJIaBHHCKOM ofimee HCXO.!I,HOe 3HS'IeHHe BOCCTaHaBnHBaeTCH OTHOCHTenbHO HecnO)I(HO (rrpa 3TOM cnenyer TOJIbKO rrOMHHTb, 'ITO He acerna B03MO)I(HOCTb ynoaneraoparensuoro rrOHHMaHHH ¢pa3bI npn nonycxe 3Ha'leHHH 'pan', r.e. 'C'IaCTnHB', 'AOBoneH', oaaasaer pearrsnocrs nora 3HalleHHH B cooraercayiomess MeCTe). Ilpa cnenaHHbIX orosopxax YK:l3aHHaH narsnucxas KOHCTpYKUHH rana vil}s r ad is agri celties, rro CYTH nerra, HeOTAenHMa OT TaKHX cnaBHHCKHX npnsrepoa, KaK Ap.-PYC. A MbZ sa eacs, sa C8010 tiparuo, p a 0 ~ nocna C80e20 C/laTU, TOflKO ease» tiyoer» Hao0615. nCKOBCK. I neron., 6979 r., rne paou 060- snasaet, KOHe'lHO, He 'pansi', HO 'rOTOBbI'; cp. eme: j/3o KHf!3b 8e/lUKOU

... p a 0 0 neuanoearucs C80elO OT'IUHOIO. TaM )l(e, 6972 r.; TO )l(e aaasenae rOTOBHOCTH 06HaPY)l(HBaeTCH H B rex cnY'IaHX, xorna rads asrcrynaer B aapexaoii ¢yHKIJ,IIH, cp.: 11 cptsroiua Hbl enesany Ilonoeeuscxub KH.t1.3U 'if

TblC..)I,'Ib U xOr'nxoM C HUMU P a 0 U 6uTUC..)I" HO opyxse 641xOMo oycnanu

. .-J

ua nepeos na n0803Dxo. Iloys. Bnan. MOHOM. HnH: [JOZWIU, 2He, K nasc»

}l(VTO C80e npooasrs, a MbZ p a o U «oynuws; 'Ie20 80CXO'leWb, 80CKOY

nu, f5!j/lU n», ... cepe6pa n», MbZ P a 0 U oasu«. Hnar. neron., 6787 r. (npaMepbI 3aHMCTBOBaHbI Y Cpeaaeacxoro) . qacTo p a A HMeIDIO TOT, KTO 0 K a- 3 a JI C H (cp. JITllI. rasties, JIHT. atsirasti) rOToBbIM, npacnocotinennsnr,

n p a B bI K III H M (cp. rrnu, radis; B 3TOM cnysae PYCCKHM HnH 'IeIllCKHM7 KOHCTPYKUHHM Subj. & *rado & Vb, finit. (cp. xeur. rad ctu, rdd se uci~

H r.n.) B naTbIllICKOM COOTBeTCTBOBan 6bI OT'IaCm 3KcrrepHMeHTaJIbHbrn ran Subj. & radis (B xaxecrae He3aBHCHMoro sneaa npe)J;JIO)l(eHHH) & Vb. finit., r.e. *mes, raduii, dodam KaK rrOTeHlUfaJIbHbrn nepeson Ap.-PYc. MbZ paou daMbz). YlIHTbIBaH, 'ITO 'OKa3aTbCH' H 'roronsra' CBH3aHbI C peaJIH3aUHeH Hexoero npaanaxa H1IH AeHCTBHH B COOTBeTCTBHH C ero rrpHpOAOH, 0 6 bI 'I a - e M (KaK O)I(HAaJIOCb), npensasnaseanocn,so, He npHXO)J;HTCH Y)J;HBnHTbCH, 'fIO 3HaqeHHe 'pan' ('CqaCTJIHB', 'AOBoneH') nerxo 06'bHCHHeTCH H APyrHM 06pa30M: 'rOTOBblH' --> 'nOJIO)I(HTeJIbHO aacrpoeansra' --> 'YAOBJIeTBopeHHbrn'--> 'p a A 0 C T H bI H,8. K CBH3H 'pan' H 'npaasncars' MO)l(HO 6bmo 6b1 npanecra H npyrae npaxsepsr, HO 3AeCb AOCTaTOllHO rnnus HanOMHHTb 0 smu.labprdt

'c YAOBOJIbCTBHeM', 'OXOTHO' npa JIHT. prasti 'npassncars', prat~s 'npHBbIKIIIHH' H r.n.; narsnucxas rppaaa-sranou vi'}; radis agri celties HMeJIa 6bI B JIHTOBCKOM H3bIKe COOTBeTCTBHe B BHAe jis priprates anksti keltis (cp. nrur,

es neesmu r ad i s to darTt npa JIHT. as nesu priprates tai daryti H r.n.). Ocofiemro 'IeTKO CXOACTBO C rrrur. radis KaK 0603Ha'leHHeM "rrpHBbI'IHOCrn" o6HapY)l(HBaeTCH B 'IeIllCKHX KOHCTPYKlJ,HHX rarra na ten svdtek r ado prs(

ld " ., / ,

H1IH na e ove muze r ado mrzne, rAe seur, rado asrcrynaer KaK BrrOJIHe

HHCTHTYaJIll.3HpoBaHHoe BbIpa)l(eHHe 06bIlIHOro, npaasnaoro, aa paaa B paa noaropmomeroca AeHCTBHH9. nepellHCJIeHHbIMli oco6eHHOCTHMli CXOnCTBa nrur. ll. cnaa, "rad- B CeMaHTHKe ll. rpaMMaTHKe He acsepnsraaiorca. He xacases 3AeCb npyrax napannenen ll. nepexnasex, CJIeJJ;yeT, O~KO, aaaaars erne O.!I,HO Ba)I(HOe, XOTH ll. nocraronao ofiniee , COBrraAeHHe: ll. nrur. *radis ll. CJIas. *rado THrOTelOT K BXO)l()J;eHHIO B Cll.HTaKCH'IeCKHe KOHCTPYKIJ,IIll.,

rrpH6JIH)l(alOlUHeCH rro rany K cnocotiasr BbIpa)l(eHHH H a K n 0 He H ll. H. Ec-

JIll. B nepaosr cnysae 06HapY)I(HBaIOTCH HeKOTOpbIe npermocsmxa )J;JIH rpopMHpOBaHHH MOAyca npaasnnrocra, 06 bI 'I HOC T ll. AeHCTBll.H (AeHCTBHe,OTcsmaionree K nOCTOHHHO rrOBTopHlOllIHMCH raxasr )l(e AeHCTBHHM ll. - B KOHellHOM C'IeTe - K npeneneary) , TO BO BTOPOM cnysae AOBonbHO HaCTOHlIHBO npOHBIlHIOTCH npasnaxa CKJIa)J;bIBalOmeHCH oco60H pa3HOBH)J;HOCTH "xceJIaTeJIbHOro'" MOAyca (~IlTaTHBa), cp., aanp., neur. rad bych psal ll. nOA.

(TBlC Ha3" d v, ." ". ., ( d")

. rno us praci ll.lUI intencni rno us . B03MO)I(H0, CXOAHaH TeH-

AeHlUfH cymeCTBOBaJIa ll. B oTnenbHbIx cnysaax yncrpetinenaa nar, rod-, HO OHa 6bma aarrpaanena snpyroe pycno ("Ka)I(HMOCTb", cp. man rodosi, rodos KaK BBO.!I,HOe cnOBO ll. non.}; He cnysanao, 'ITO B JIaTbIIllCKOM "xaxcrMocn" nepenaerca cnOBOM aaoro KOpHH (cp. man liekas, liekas KaK BBOAHoe cnOBO ll. r.n.j : cnOBO C xopaesr rad- yxe OKa3aJIOCb 3aHHTbIM )J;JIH BbIpa)l(eHHH (ncsra rpasoaarasecsoro) MOAyca 06bIlIHOCTH-rrpll.BbNHOCTH AeHCTBHH.

Hnrepec paccvarpanaesroa 3AeCb rrp06JIeMbI COCTOHT npescie scero B ABYX CBH3aIDIbIX npyr C npyrosr ee OCo6eHHOCTJIX - B TeCHeHilleM nepefIJI~TemiH MOP¢OHOJIOrn'leCKOrO, CHHTaKCll.'IeCKOrO ll. CeMaHTH'IeCKoro yposaea, BOBJIe'leIDIbIX B 06mylO arpy, ll. B OTKPbIBalOlUHXCH B CBH3ll. C 3ll'HM B03M_?)I(HOCTHX r JI y 60 K 0 H (AaJIeKO HAymeR) peKoHcTpYKIJ,IIll., npa KOTOPOll. MoryT 6bITb nOJIY'leHbI pe3YJIbTaTbI, KaT e r 0 p ll. a JI h H 0 ll. T ll. - n 0 JI 0 r H 'I e C K ll. HHbIe (HJIH aeconocraaawsre) , aezcena ¢aKTbI, nOCJIy)l(HBlIl}fe ll.CXO.!I,HhIM MaTepll.aJIOM )J;JIH «aMOH nOH peKOHCTpYKUHll..

'0 HHX cp.: Tn{vn(cek F. Mluvnice spisovne cestiny. C~st II. Skladba. Praha 1951 S. 1096; KopdnyF. Zaklady ceske skladby. Praha, 1958, S. 85,112, 147, 24getal:

"Lute OJ],HH cnocof nopOlKJ],eHHJI 3Ha'leHHJI 'pan' OTMe'leH B CBJl3H' C np06J1eMaTHKol!

K'lPHJI "rad-, Ocer. roendun 'r JI a J], H T s', 'xarars', nPOJ],OJlJl<aJOmee H.-Hp. "rad- 'npoKJlaJJ.bIBaTb' (o nyra) , T.e. 'paa-r JI a JI< H BaT i,', nonysaer J],onOJlHHTeJlbHOe OCMbICJI&HHe B CBJl3H C COOTHorneHHeM aarn. glad 'pan' H pyc. endotcuu, 2fl120UTb. Haxoaeu, IlOKa3aTeJlbHO, 'ITO 3Ha'leHH!I 'HaXOJ],HTb' H 'paJJ.OBaTbCJI', nepenanaextsre B paccsrarpaaaeMblX 3J],eCb cHTyaU!1IlX 06II.{HM 3J1eMeHTOM *rad·, MorYT B J],OBonbHO CTllH)J.apTHbIX CHryauasx pa3BepTbIBaTbCJI B CHHTarMY, rue 3TH 3Ha'leIDIJI 3aHHMalOT CMeJI<Hble Mecra, 06"be)J.HHeHHble, no cyrn nena, npH'IIIHHO-cneJ],CTBeHHol! HMIDlHKaUHel! (Mbl uaiunu) =:> U Mbl paoyesccn, r.e. p a J], 0 C T b KaK pesyrrsrar H a x 0 JI< J], e H H JI. Cp.: A la fete annuelle d'Osiris retrouve ... on cnait : Nous l'avons t r 0 u ve ·et no us nous r e j 0 u-

i s s 0 n s tous! (Nerval G. de. Isis).

3. 3lfHKJlBlfrJlOC

K BOnpOCY 0 npOHCXOJK,UEHI1I1 )l(EMAHTCKOrO JlI1AITEKT A

Ilpexcne 'IeM aauars BbIHCHHTb npoacxoxnenae )l(eMaHTCKoro )J;HaJIeKTa, He06xo)J;HMO OrOBOpHTb caM TepMHH »ceuaiiru. Ilene B TOM, lITO nOT repMHH He acerna yrroTpe6JIHJICH B OAHOM ll. TOM )l(e 3Ha'leHHll., ero cortepxa·HUe C Te'leKHeM BpeMeHH cymeCTBeIDIO H3MeHHnOCb. n03TOMY HccnenOBaTe- 1Df np06JIeMbI npOll.CXO)l(AeHHH )l(eMaHTOB Hepe)J;KO BnycTYIO cnopar aa-sa roro TOJIbKO, 'ITO no-pasaoxiy nOHHMalOT caM HccneAyeMbIH 06'beKL

112

• Cp.: ,,:mdo 0 vecech, p'fislovecn~ = 0 bye e j n~, Slovnjj, jazyka ceskeho. Praha , 1952, S. 1303 H 8. 3aK, 136

z p r a vi d 1 a". CM.: Travn(&k F. np.

113.

B nacroanree BpeMfl »ceuaurauu H aYKWTaUTaMU (JIHT. temaTciai H aukstai!:iai) Ha3bIBalOTCfl JIlOrot, rosopamae aa )!(eMaHTCKOM resp. aYKillTaHTCKOM naanexre. B ApeBHOCTH 3THMH TepMHHaMH 0603Ha'larrHCb He rosopsr, a anMHHRCTpaTHBHo-reorpacpH'IeCKHe 06JIaCTH BeJIHKOrO KHR)!(eCTBa lIHTOBCKoro. )/(eMaUTaMU naasrsana )!(HTeJIeH AOCTaTO'lHO caMOCTOflTeJIbHOH rrOJIHTHKO-aA· MHHRCTpaTHBHOH erotHHUbl lIHTOBCKoro rocynapcraa - )l{eMaHTCKOrO ()I{eMOHTCKoro, )l{MYAcKoro) KIUI)!(eCTBa. Ha3BaHHe soexonar K JIHTOBCKOMY CJIOBY 'Zemas 'HH3KHH; HH3HHHbIH', TaK KaK flAPO KHfl)!(eCTBa COCTaBJIMa CpeAHeJIHTOBCKafl H H 3 Me H HOC T b (B HaCTOflIUee BpeMfl repparopaa .,

a y K III T a H T C K 0 r 0 naanexral), Ocransnsre )!(HTeJIH 3THOrpacpH'IeCKOH lIHTBbI nassraanacs aYKULTaUTaMU (OT cnosa dukstas 'BbICOKHH, B03BbIIlleHHblH', TaK KaK flAPO 3T0ro xpaa HaXOAHJIOCb aa BHlIbHIOCCKO-OIIIMflHCKOH

B 03 B bI III e H HOC T R; OHH)!(e aaasrsanacs raxxe npocro /lUT0814aMU.

B XVI-XVII BB. B BeJIHKOM KIUI)!(eCTBe lIHTOBCKOM B npouecce B03- HHKHOBeHHH JIHTOBCKOH IIHCbMeHHOCTH (rro caoesry conepacaaaro, paaysreerca peJIHfH03HOH) cpopMHpOBarrHCb ABa aapaaara IIHCbMeHHoro assnca: onaa RCrrOJIb30BarrCfl B )l{eMaHTcKoH enapxaa (B03HHKIlleH aa repparopaa 6bmIllero )l{eMaHTCKOrO KIUI)!(eCTBa) , npyroa AOJI)!(eH 6bIII YAOBJIeTBOpflTb B nepBYIO oxeperts rroTpe6HOCTH )!(HTeJIeH BHlIeHcKoH enapxna. IIepBbIH napaaar nacssieasoro aasnca (cO'IHHeHHfl M. ,UaYKlIIH, M. IIflTKJlBl:I'IIOCa, C.E. XHlIHHCKHca H npyrax perpopeaaropoa nepxau) ofinanaer BceMH cYIUeCTBeHHbIMH oco6eHHOCTflMH roaopa fiacceiiaa p. HJlBe)!(Hc. Hasano eMY rrOJIO)!(HJI rotarreKT aroro xpas roro BpeMeHH, H3AaBHa BbIIIOJIHJlBlIIHH CpyHKUHH Me~arreKTaoro 06IUeHHfl B )l{eMaHTcKoM KHfl)l(eCTBe. 3TOT BapRaHT IIHCbMeHHoro sasrxa (c cerozutaunrea TO'lKH spenaa - a Y K III T a H T C K H H) B TO apesra aaasrsanca JlCeMaUTCKUM Jl3bIKOM. Torna ero 'IeTKO OTJIH'laJIH OT npyroro sapaaara nacssreaaoro assnca (cO'IHHeHHH K. CRpBH)J;aca, 11 . .HKHaBR'IlOca, KaTeXH3HCOB 1605 H 1677 rr. HAP.), aaasraaessoro B TO BpeMfl CO 6CTBeHHO /lUT08CKUM Jl3blKOM, aasano KOTOPOMY AaJI roaop Bansmoca Hero OKpeCTHOCTeH, xapaKTepH30BaBlIIHHCfl B OCHOBHOM BOCTO'IHOaYKillTaHTCKHMH 'IepTaMH H H3AaBHa BbIIIOJIHJlBlIIHH aarepnaanexrasre CPYHKUHH B uearpansHOH 'IaCTH TOmaIIIHeH 3THorpacpH'IeCKOH lIHTBbI.

IIOHHTHfl ")I(eMaHTCKHH assnc" H "JIHTOBCKHH assnc" roma, KaK Y)I(e roBOPHJIOCb, pe3KO OTJIR'IarrHCb npyr OT npyra. TaK, nepeaonsax KaTeXH3Hca JIeAecMbI, BbIIlleAIIIerO H3 rrexarx B 1605 r., HCrrOJIb30Barr BTOpOH BapHaHT IIHCbMeHHoro assnca, T.e. "JIHTOBCKHH 1I:3bIK". B npenacnoaaa OH mnner (oprporparpaa HeCKOJIbKO ynpouieaa): "Ataio ausiump mana newieno zod-

zey, kurie neyszmanu sakos Cathechismo perguldito nuog io milistos kungo

Mikaloiaus Daukszos Kanoniko Bafniczios Zernayciu, iog esus anas perguldis ii Z e may tis z kay, ir gieyde anis nuog mani, idant Lie t u w i s z k a i butu pergulditas" (paspamca MOfl. - 3.3.). B 3TOM orpsraxe aasnc M. IlayKIIIH Ha3BaH ")I(eMaHTCKHM", a .assnc nepeaonxaxa (BHJIbHlOcua) - "JIHTOBCKHM". OcpHUHarrbHYIO TO'lKY apeaaa rro 3TOMY sonpocy MO)I(HO BOCCTaHOBHTb, nanpaxrep, rro H3AaHHIO rroCTaHOBJIeHHH CHHOAa )l{eMaHTCKOH eIIH:

CKorrHH 1647 r. (Synodus quarta dioecesis Samogitiae ... Vilnae ... A.D.M.D.C. XLVII). Orry6JIHKOBaHHbIH 3AeCb TeKCT 6yJIJIbi nansr Yp6aHa VIII "In Coena Domini", rrepeBeAeHHblH nepasrsr BapHaHTOM rrHCbMeHHoro 1I:3bIKa, RMeayerca )I(e MaHi'CKH M. IIpHBeAeM TeKCT npennocnanaoro 6yJIJIe noacaeaaa (B nepesone C JIaTHHCKOrO aasnca) : "3TY 6YJIJIY, C TO'IHOCTblO nepeaeneaayio

114

aa )I(BMaHTCKHH assnc ("lingua Samogitica trans1atam") H ornaureaayro, rpe-

6yeTcH 3Aecb npHlIO)!(HTb". .

C· Te'leHReM BpeMeHH, C rraAeHHeM Jlaroacxoro rOCYAapCTBa H HC'Ie3HOBeHHeM ero ycrapesurero a)J;MHHRCTparnBHoro )J;eJIeHRH, naaneicr, B03HRKlIIHH BCJIeAcTBHe cxseureaaa xypurcxoro H JIHTOBCKoro (")I(eMaHTCKOro") aa ceaepo-aanane repparopaa fisraurero )l{eMaHTCKoro KIUI)!(eCTBa, nOJIY'IHIT crasrnee reneps ofiIUerrpHHJlTbIM Ha3BaHRe JlCeMllUTCK020 AHarrelCTa, a roaop OCTaBIlleHCfl sacra lIHTBbI (cnenoaarensao, H xpas, AIlBIIIero aasano "xceMaHl'CKOMY fl3bIKY" roro BpeMeHR) cran naasraarscs aYKULTaUTCKUM rmaJIeKTOM. TepMHHbI aYKULTauTcKuu H sceuaiircxuii, HCnOJIb3yeMbIe B HaCTOHuiee BpeMfl AJIfl 0603HaJleHHfl JlHarreKTOB, C reorparpasecxoii TO'IKH apeaaa He TO 'IHbI , TaK KaK xnpo COBpeMeHHOro )I(eMaii:rcKoro ,llHaJIeKTa HaXO):tHTCR He aa HR3MeJIHOCTH, a Ha TeJIbIIIJIHCKOH B03BbIIlleHHOCTH, cnycxaacs C KOTOPOH, IIOIIa)J;aeIllh aa TeppHTOpHlO ayxurraiircxoro JlHarreKTal.

COBpeMeJIHbIH aYKillTaHTCKHH JlHarreKT 3aHJfMaeT IlJIOlWlAb rro MeHbUIeH Mepe B TPH pasa 6oJIbWYIO, 'IeM )l(eMaHTCKHH JlHarreKT, rax KaK nOCJIe.rurnH oxsarsraaer TOJIbKO ceBepO-3aIJaLl:HYIO. sacrs fibmUIero )l{eMaHTCKoroKHJI)I(ecrsa. C TOq}{H 3peHHfI HCTOpH8 H3bIICa a}'KillTaHTCKUH ):tHaneKT JlBJIReTCR, 003 CO MHeHHJI , OOJIee apxaasasrer, COAep)l(aIUHM fiorrsnree 'lHerro xapaxrepHbIX qepr craporo JIuT08CKOro H3b1K3. B COBpeMeHHOM JlC.eMaHTCKOM mtarreKle CTapoJIHrOBCKafl 3BYKOBaJi CHCfj;~Ma, a TaK)I(e OT'I3.C11f H rpaMMaTH'IeCKHH crpoir, H3MeHHJIHCb cxnsaee no Cpa9HeH81O co crapsns lIpoTOTHnOM. 3ro OCOfieHHO KaCaelCJI cesepo-aananaux oonaCTeH aroro rotarreKTa, rne B npeBHOCTH )lGUIH fiJIH3KHe poncrseaaax» JIHTOBueB KyplIIH, OKOHlIaTeJIbHO JJHryaH83HpOBaBlIIHeCjJ TaM, KaK nonarazor, TOJIeJ(.O B cepenaae XVI B. TaKHM 06paJOM, rrpoHCXO)KAeHHe COBpeMCJIHQrO lIGeuaHTClGOrO llHarreKTa B K3- Bec1lWX npeAeJI3X MO'lCllO CBjJ,blBar. C J(ypW~HM cyficrpaTOM.

KYIWCKHH JlaWK ae MQr H~3HYTb COBCPWCHJiO 6eccn.eJJ.HO. Ilepexona aa JJHrOBCI(HH K3&1K, KYPUJH B TelJeHJle HeKOroporo BpeweHH .o;OTDI'Hbl 6wIH OJ.ITb 6 H JI Nil f BaM Ji. B 3TOM cnysae Bc_en~a HeIf::me~HO OIlpe~l1eHJWe CMeWtlH.He xapaxrepasrx sepr OOOKX Jl3J>lK0B. B OKO~Te)lWlO yTBep~meMC1I HIl 6blBIIIeH KypmCI(OH repparopaa JIIJTOBC~O" 113l>D(e OCl'3.JIHCb Koe-KaKHe xyptncxae ;meMeHT.bl KIlK ~aMeHa COOTBeTCTB~IOI.UHX JIHTOBCKHX 3KBHBII.]JeH10B. C re'le}{J{eM .BpeMeHJt: QT,I1.eJU>HbIe KYPOW:t:3M1>l (OC06eHHO neKCH'IeCtcHe) CMOrrrH pacnpocrpaaarscs It: la Jlpen.enu O&ij3rneH KYpIHCKoH repPHropHH. JhbIKOBe.!U>l H ,[JOHJ>Ure Ii lJ(.eMaifTCKOM mJarreKTe, OCo6eHHO B ero eesepo-sanansok lfSCTlf, HaXOAflT HeMliJJO KYpu.iClGfX :meMeHTOB. TaKOBblMH "pIIHJlTO C'lHTaTJ>, uanpassep," AOYNHHKUJ«;l(He" AH4>TOHrH (jU, ei, OT~alOIUHe UO, ie nareparypaoro Jl3I>IJ(i2; P3cmupelBie KpaTKHX U, i H nepexon

t IIo/l.po6Hee 06 :mIX repMHHaX II: HX pa3BHllm eM.: Zinkevidius Z. Quelques rernarqu-

es sur les sources de la langue des ~crits Iituaniens au XVI et au XVII siecles, - Studia indoeuropejskie. Prace Kornisji J~zykoznawstwa, NQ 37, Wroctaw-Warszawa-Krak~wGdansk, 1974, s. 315-320; Zinkevitius Z. Del lietuviu rastu kalbos kilmes. - Baltistica, t. 13 (1) , Vilnius, 1977, p. 237-244; ZinkellUfiu6 Z. Lietuviq, kalbos dialektologija. Vilnius, 1978, p. 21-22; Ilonoe A.H. Ha3B8HHJI HaPOIlOB CCCP. BBe/l.elfHe B 3THOIIHMHKy. 11., 1973, c.95-97. Cp, raiose: Lasickis J, Apie umaiSIl, kit4_ sarmatu" bei netikrq krikUioniq_ dievus. - In: Lituanistine biblioteka. Vilnius, 1969, p. 14; Relationes status dioecesium in Magno Ducatu Lituaniae. - Fontes historiae Lituaniae, I. Romae, 1971, p. 273.

·BiigaK. Rinktiniai ra~tai, t.3. Vilnius, 1961, p. 735 H 836; SalysA. Kelios pastabos tarmiu, istorijai. - Archivum philologicum, t.4. Kaunas, 1933, p. 26; Grinaveckis V.

lIS

HX B 0, e3; B onpenenemrsrx CJIY'IaHX B aeynapaoa n03HUHII i aa MeCTe 6bIBiliero' e (mdinj, cp. mIT. rmrep. rudeni, kupita - kupeta ... t; c, dz

B HeKOTopbIX CJIOBaX aa MeCTe MHrKHX k, g H CMeIlIeHHe <pOHeM s, z : S, Z5; H36eraHHe a<P<PPHKaT6; HHYIO, '1eM B npyrax rmanexrax, cynsfiy TaB TO' CHJIJIa6H'IeCKOrO n 7; nepeaoc ynapeaaa C KOHI.{a aa Ha'laJIO CJIOBa8; HeKO· ropsre CY<P<PHKCbI, aanpasrep -alis, -ale"; ornensasre CJIOBa, uanpaxiep, aulis (cp. JIHT. JIHTep. avilys 'yneii'}, COOTBeTCTBeHHO: cyrulis - vieversys 'xaBOpOHOK', kfilis - akmud 'KaMeHb', pyle - antis 'YTKa', puraf - kvieciat '03H·

AI

MaH nureanua', unduii - vanduii 'sona', zuikis '3aHI.{,1 0, H np,

He Bee H3 ynoMHHYTbIX oc06eHHOCTeH C O)l.HHaKOBOif }l,OCTOBepHOCTblO MorYT 6bITb rrpassaasr KypOHH3MaMH. Hexoropsre H3 HHX, B03MO)f(H0, H He HMelOT HH'IerO OOIUero C KypiliCKHM cyticrparosr. BbIHBJIeHHe nora cy6CT_ para OCJIO)f(HHeTCH TeM 06CTOHTeJIbCTBOM, 'ITO aa caMOM KYPiliCKOM H3bIKe He coxpananocs IIHCbMeHHbIX naMHTIDlKOB, Hero HaH60JIee xapaxrepasre CBOHCTBa MorYT 6bITI> JIHilib peKOHCTpYIlpOBaHbI, maBHbIM 06pa30M, aa OC.HOBe coxpaHHBIIIHXCH B }l,OKYMeHTax KypIlICKHX TorrOHHMOB HaHTpOrrOHH .• MOB. Hexoropsre H3 ynOMHHYTbIX crreUH<pH'IeCKHX ocofeaaocrea COBpeMeH· noro )f(eMaHTCKorO naanexra, C'lHTaeMble KypOHH3MaMH, xapaxrepasr raxxe H JJlJH rOBopOB JIaTbIIIICKoro H3bIKa aa 6bIBIIIeH: KYPiliCKOH: repparopaa, a 3TO B CBOIO osepens Y)f(e C }l,OCTaTO'lHOH O'leBH}l,HOCTblO nonraepxnaer HX rrpOHCXO)f(AeHHe H3 xypurcxoro H3bIKa. IIonoMY B JIHHrBHCTH'IeCKOH: JIHTepa. Type BIIOJIHe 060CHOBaHHO BbI}l,BHraeTCH MHeHHe 0 3Ha'leHHH xypurcxoro H3bIKa B <popMHpOBaHHH )f(eMaHTCKOrO )l.HaJIeKTa 1 1 .

Ceaepo-sananaaa '1aCTb repparopaa COBpeMeHHOro )f(eMaHTCKOrO )l.HaJIeKTa, npanannexasuras BeJIHKOMY KHH)f(eCTBY l1HTOBCKOMY, B }l,peBHOCTH sacenea-

Zernaibiq, tarrnes vokalizrno susiforrnavimas. - Kalbotyra, 1963, t. 6, p. 46-47; FpunaBel4KUC B. HOBoe B naroacxoa UHaneKTOnOI'HH. - Acta Baltico-Slavica, t. 2. Biatystok, 1965, p.191.

'BugaK. Op.cit., p.221; Endzelins J, Latviesu valodas gramatika. Riga, -1951, 1. 53etal.; Idem. Concerning the Relationships of the Prussian Language with Congeners, translated by Jegers B. and Schmalstieg W.R. - In: Baltic Linguistics, ed. by Magner T.F. and Schm:u~tieg W.~. The ~ennsylvania State University Press, 1970, p. 58; Grinaveckis V. ~emaI8'l tarmes vokalizmo susiformavimas, - Kalbotyra, 1963, t.6, p. 54; Idem. Zemaioq tarmiq, istorija (fonetika). Vilnius, 1973, p. 183; Rudzite M. Latviefu dialektologija, RIga, 1964,1. 76.

4 Buga K. Op. cit., p. 369 H 411.

S Endzelins J. Latviesu valodas gramatika. RIga, 1951, 1. 6-7; Biiga K. Op. cit., p. 235 H 246

• Buga K. Op. cit., p. 174; Salys A. Op. cit., p. 25; Endzelins J. Concerning the Relation. ships of the Prussian Language with Congeners ... , p. 58; Zinkevicius Z. Lietuviq dialektologija. Lyginamoji tarrniq fonetika ir morfologija. Vilnius, 1966, p. 144; MaJlClO. /lUC B. CO~HOnHHI1IHCTH'leCKHe 3aMeTKH K apxaauecxowv xaparcrepy JI3b1Ka (6anrnltCKHe JI3blKH). - Baltis tica, t.l0(2). Vilnius, 1974, p. 120-121.

7 Endzelins J. Op. cit., p. 58.

8 Salys A. Op. cit., p. 33; Grinaveckis V. Op. cit., p. 67; Zinkeviiiius Z. Op. cit., p.46; Kazlauskas J. Lietuviq kalbos istorine gramatika. Vilnius, 1968, p.28-29.

• Vanagas A. Lietuvos TSR hidronirnu, daryba. Vilnius, '1970, p.284.

1 0 Bii~a K. .Rink~iniai rastai, t. 2. VilniUS, 1959, p.300, 663; t. 3, p.708; Vitkauskas V.

ApI.e kai kuriu temaiti~k'l !od!i'l. vartojima, - Lietuviu kalbotyros klausimai. T. 8. Lie-

11 t,:Y1'l. kalb?s I~k~i~os rai.da. Vilnius, 1966, p.157, 163, 165, 168.

B~ga i! .. Rin~t~lal rattaI, t. 3, p. 4111; Salys A. Op. cit., p. 25-26; Otrembskis J. svar~laU91 lituanistikos uzdaviniai. - Baltistica, t. IV(1). Vilnius 1968 p. 123-124' Endze-

ltns J. Op, cit., p.58. ,'"

116

HaH xypurasor, fisma cosepureuao onycroureaa sa nsa aexa 6oPb6bI C OpneHOM. na)f(e BO apesseaa Maxaanaca (cepenaaa XVI B.), XOTH npourno ysce fiorree CTa JIeT CO BpeMeHH OKOH'IaHHH noif 60Pb6bI, rrOceJIeHHH snecs, aepo-

. HTHO, 6bUlli euie cpaBHHTeJIbHO penxa, TaK KaK na BceH noif repparopaa

He 6bUlO HH onnoro KOCTeJIaI2• Bonsuraa '1aCTb npeaaero xypmcxoro naceJIeHHH norafina B 60Pb6e HJIH nepecerranacs nonansme OT maBHbIX MeCT fiops- 6bI H paao CMeIIIanaCb C nHTOBl.{aMH. KOCBeHHbIMH CBH}l,eTeJIHMH 3THX CO ObI· THH OCTaeTCH no KpaHHeH: Mepe sacrs Ha3BaHHH: HaCeJIeHHbIX MeCT rana Kursiai (Kur§eliai, Kuiiiikia! ... ), BCTpetJalOIUHXCH B HllCTOHIUee BpeMH B KeJIbMeCKOM, IIIHYJIHH:CKOM, IIaHeBe)f(CKOM, YKMeprCKOM, MOJIeTCKOM H }l,a)f(e BapeHCKOM p-aax. TaKHM 06pa30M, He cnenyer o)JG{AaTb KaKHx·JIH60 OCO· GeHHO "BHYIIIHTeJIbHbIX" OCTaTKOB xypurcxoro H3bIKa B JIHTOBCKOM sa 6bIB· I1IeH KYPWCKOif repparopaa. B 3TOM OTHOIlIeHHH secsxsa nOY'lHTeJIbHbIM AOJI)f(eH 6bITb }l,JIH Hac npajaep nOJIbCKOrO Ii 6eJIOPYCCKoro H3bIKOB B BHJIbHIOC' CKOM xpae, B03HHKIIIHX aa HeCOMHeHHOM H COBceM He naaaesr JIHTOB· CKOM cyficrpare: TOJIbKO cxpynyneaasni JIHHrBHCTH'IeCKHH: aHaJIH3 rr03BOJIHeT BbIHBHTb B HHX onpenenemrsre H He acerna ouesanasre 3JIeMeHTbI JIHTOBCKO' rOH3bIKa.

OTHIO}l,b He see TaK Ha3bIBaeMble KYPOHH3MbI )f(eMaH:TCKOrO )l.HaJIeKTa HB· JIHIOTCH pe3YJIbTaTOM aerrocpencraeaaoro xypurcxoro BJIHHHHH. qacTb H3 HHX Morna rrOHBHTbCH rrosxe B caMOM )f(eMaHTCKOM AHaJIeKTe BCJIe}l,CTBHe onpe}l,eJIeHHbIX TeH}l,eHl.{HH: H3bIKOBoro pa3BHTHH, 06YCJIOBJIeHHbIX xypmcxaea cy6- CTpaTOM. OT}l,eJIHTb 0)l.HH "KYPOHH3MbI" OT npyrax B HaCTOHIUee BpeMH seJIerKO, TaK KaK MbI cpaBHHTeJIbHO MaJIO 3HaeM 0 caMOM KYPiliCKOM H3bIKe.

Ymy6JIeHHbrn }l,HaxpoHH'IeCKHH aHaJIH3 <paKTOB coapesrenaoro )f(eMaH:TCKO' ro }l,HaJIeKTa n03BonHeT "aamynars" BJIHHHHe xypuicxoro H3bIKa He ronsKO B OT}l,eJIbHbIX H3bIKOBbIX HBJIeHHHX )f(eMaHTCKOrO }l,HaJIeKTa, HO H B caMOH: ero crpyxrype. IlpoCJIe)JG{Bag pa3BHTHe peKOHCTpYHpoBaHHblx npaJIHToB· CKHX 3BYKOB H <pOPM BTIJIOTb no coapesreaaerx roBOPOB aYKiliTaHTCKOrO nnanexra, MbI seane BH}l,HM rrpHMYIO JIHHHIO: pa3BHTHe 6bUlO HerrpepbmHbIM H rrOCJIe}l,OBaTeJIbHbIM. 3Toro HeJIb3H CKa3aTb 0 cooTBeTcTBYIOIUeH: JIHHHH npaJIHTOBcKo·)f(eMaHTCKOrO pa3BHTHH: OHa He 6bUla CTOJIb aerrpepsraaa; HCHO OIUYTHM (B onpeneneaaoe BpeMH) ee nepenoxr H3-3a TOJI'lKa li3BHe, r.e. H3- sa B03}l,eH:CTBHH xypurcxoro H3bIKa. K TOMY )f(e 06 nOM cBHAeTeJIbCTByeT

H CpaBHeHHe cY}l,b6bI rrpaJIHTOBCKHX resp. BOCTO'lH06anTHHCKHX *q, *f s ayKIIITaihcKOM H )f(eMaHTCKOM naanexrax. B aYKiliTaHTCKOM 3TH 3BYKH, cy· 3HBIIIHCb, }l,H<p1'0HrH3HpoBaJIHCb Ii npesparanacs B CO'leTaHHH uo, ie. Ha reppHTOpHH )f(eMaHTCKOrO }l,HaJIeKTa pa3BHTHe 6bUlO HeOAHOpO}l,HbIM H npOTHBO' pe'IHBbIM. EJIH)f(e K aYKiliTaHTCKOMY, B IO)f(HOH: '1aCTH )f(eMaHTCKoro }l,HaJIeK' ra, aa MeCTe *0, *e reneps npencraaneasr Y3KHe HanpH)f(eHHble MOH0<pTOH· I'H ii, r. B KmiH:nenCKOM xpae, rne B03MO)f(H0 xypmcxoe BJIHHHHe, coxpaHHJIHCb MOHO<pTOHrH q, f, a aa ceaepo-aanane )f(eMaHTCKOrO )l.HaJIeKTa, rne xypuicxoe BJIHHHHe AOJI)f(HO 6bUlO 6bITb ocofenno CHJIbHbIM, raxne npasaaKH, KaK aanpaxeaaocrs resp. CY)f(eHHOCTb, OTCYTCTBYIOT BOBce: snecs rrpoasHOCHTCH orxpsrrsre )l.HQ>TOHI'H r;u, ei.

IIorrbITKH peKOHCTpYIlpoBaTb rrpaJIHTOBCKYIO H3bIKOBYIO cHCTeMY HJIH ee 3neMeHTbI, HCXOM H3 H3bIKOBbIX AaHHbIX rOBopOB cospexremrorc )f(eMaHT'

1. Zinkevitius Z. M. Mafvydo ra§t'l kalba. - Baltistica, t. XIII(2). Vilnius, 1977, p. 368- 369.

117

cxoro naanexra, npHBOAHT K HHbIM peaynsraraxr, He)KenH peKOHCTPYKUHH, OIlHpalOlUllHCH aa cpanaeaae COOTBeTCrnYIOIIlIfX <paKTOB aYKWTai'ncKOrO)J;Hanexra, 3TO C O'leBHWlOCTblO CJIeAyeT H3 pa60T B. rpHHaBeUKHCa, OC06eHHO H3 ero peKOHCTpYKUHH rrpanHTOBCKOH CHCTeMbl HHTOHaUHH rnacaux! 3 .

Bce 3TO 3aCTaBnHeT THnH'lllbIH cOBpeMeHHbIH )KeMaHTCKHH )J;HaneKT (HMeeTCH B BHAY ero cesepo-aananaaa '1aCTb) HCTOpH'IeCKH TpaKTOBaTb KaK - B onpenenennosr CMbICJIe - nHTOB CKHH )J;HaneKT "B YCTax xypurea". Orpa)KeHHe TaKOH TpaKTOBKH MO)KHO YBHAeTb H B HeKOTopbIX rrHCbMeHHbIX HCTO'IHHKaX npoumoro. BHLJ;HMO, rro Tpa)J;HIJ.HH nHTyaHH3HpOBaBIIl1llicH KYPJ.IICKHH )J;HaneKT nonroe BpeMH Ha3bIBanCH K Y P III C K H M H CBH3bIBanCH C ApeBHHMH xypurasor. TaK, Il, KneHH, xapaxrepaays LJ;HaneKTbI nHTOBCKoro H3bIKa Cepe,IJ,HHbI XVIl B., BbIAenHeT Oco6bIH KYPIllCKHH LJ;HaneKT, HMeH B BHAY ceaepo-sananayro '1aCTb coapesreanoro )KeMaHTCKOrO naanexra, r.e. HMeHHO ry, rne B HaCTOHllIee BpeMH rOBopHT douna, peins (na MeCTe nare-

, I . .

parypaoro duona, pienasi, HJIH rosop )KeMaHTOB KnaHIIeACKOro xpaa, rOB 0-

pHI1UiX di}na, p?ns. To, 'ITO Il. KneHH 3TOT KYPIllCKHH naanexr '1eTKO ornenser OT APYfHX )KeMaHTCKHX (rro acea BepOJITHOCTH, H OT rosopa KnaHIIeAcxoro xpas) , BHWlO H3 cnenyromero ero BbICKa3bIBaHHJI (AaeTCJI PYCCKHH IIepeBOI=I): "OLJ;HO neno KypIllCKHH )J;HaneKT, npyroe - )KeMaHTCKHH H KnaHrrel=lCKHH .. , )l{eMaHTbI, 6YAY'IH cocenaser xypniea H KnaHIIeAIl.eB, n106J1T MJlrKOCTb JlBJ.IKa ... Ho eCJIH 6bI MbI 3aXOTenH COIIOCTaBHTb 3TH LJ;HaneKTbI C HallIHM HeMeII.KHM Jl3bIKOM, TO CKa3anH 6bI, xro BHJIbHIOCCKHH naanexr coaepurenao cooraercrnyer 6asapCKOMY, aBCTpHHCKOMY H CHJIe3cKOMY naaneKTaM HeMeII.KOrO Jl3bIKa ... )l{eMaHTCKHH H KnaHrreACKHH ,lJ,HaneKT - HH)KHecaKCOHCKOMY ,lJ,HaneKTY, a KypIllCKHH: LJ;HaneKT - HH)KHeHeMeIIKOMY HJIH fiensfHH:CKOMY ,lJ,HaneKTY ... lIHTOBcKoe u KYPllIH HHOrAa npeapanraior B 0, aanpasiep musso BMeCTO musu,,14.

B H3AaHHOH Teodianei« lIIYnbIleM B 1673 r. rpaseaaraxe Kpacrorpa CaIIYHa (uanacanaoa oxono 1643 r.) TOT )Ke caMbIH LJ;HaneKT xapaxrepasyercs K3K 06naAaroUUiH '1eptaMH xypurcxoro (curonizans). TaM CKa3aHO: "Ilnanexroa ... TpH: 1. )l{eMaHTCKHH (Samogitiae); 2. Koponeacxoa Jlarasr (Lithvaniae Regalis); 3. KHJI)KeCKOH Jlarasr (Lithvaniae Ducalis), KOTOPbIH B CBOIO osepens ne. nHTCJI aa rosopsr '!HCTbIe (Para) , 06naLJ;alOI1Uie B 3Ha'!HTenbHOH CTeIIeHH )KeMaH:TCKHMH '1epTaMH (Semi-Samogitizans) HJIH KYPiliCKHMH (Curonizans)"! 5 .

Ceaepo-aananasre )KeMaHTbI CBH3bIBanHCb C Ha3BaHHeM xypurea erne nonroe BpeMH, BIInOTb AO uasana XIX B. TaK, B CHOCKax H3AaHHJI eBaHI:eJ1HJI 1806 r. HMeeTCJI TaKoH nHHfBHCTH'IeCKHH KOMMeHTapHH na naTHHCKOM Jl3bIxe: Borussice (= na BOCTO'lllOaYKiliTaHTCKOM ,lJ,HaneKTe?) scribitur rucominikas, Curonice numinikas' 6 .

TaKHM 06pa30M, KYPIllCKHH Cy6CTPaT cnenyer C'!HTaTb OCHOBHbIM H caMbIM Ba)KHbIM 3KCTpanHHrBHCTH'IeCKHM <paKTOPOM, 06ycnoBHBllIHM CIIeIJ.HqlH'1eCKOe pa3BHTHe nHTOBCKoro Jl3bIKa B 3aIIaWlOH '1aCTH acropauecxoro )l{e-

MaH:TCKOrO KHJI)KeCTBa, pa3BI1THe, KOTOpoe onpenenano <popMHpoBaHHe COBpeMeHHoro )KeMaHTCKoro naanexra (B IO)!(HO)KeMai:fTcKoM paceHHHHCKOM rosope) .

Bee CKa3aHHoe rr03BOnJleT npennonarars cnenyiomee pasnarae )J;HaneKToB nHTOBCKOro H3bIKa (Ha3BaHHH LJ;HaneKTOB AaHbI B COOTBeTCTBl111 C I1X HOBOH KnaCCH<pHKllIIHeH 1 7) :

aYKWTa"ITCK"'~

CesepHo- 3anaaHo-

)t(eMa"TcK"'~ )t(eMa~TcK",i1

IO>KHO>KeMa~TCK"''' sapHA"CK"''' roBOp

T.M. CY JiHI1K

mnOBCKO-liEnOPYCCKASI nAPA11nEnh B nAPAllHfME rnxrom liblTHjf

UeJJb JTOH 3aMeTKI1 B TOM, '1T06bI ofiparnrs BHHMaHl1e na OAHO AO CI1X rrop He OTMe'leHHOe HBneHl1e B pane ceaepo-aanannstx 6enopYCCKI1X rOBopOB - OC06yIO napanarsry rfrarona tiuu», pa3nl1'1aIOIlIYIO ABa cyrmneruansrx mila aacrosuiero BpeMeHH. 3TO JlBneHHe paCCMaTpl1BaeTCH 3AeCb ua MaTepl1ane roaopa LJ.. I'epsaTbl Ocrposeuxoro p-na rpOLJ;HeHCKOH: 06n., rne snepasre 6bInO 3aCBI1AeTemCTBOBaRO (B 1981 r.).

B repBHTcKOM rOB ope HapHAY C 06bl'lHOH, 0606111eHHOH AnH scex nau 11

IlHceJJ <pOPMOH ecu« <PYHKUHOHHpYIOT C II P H rae M bI e <p 0 p M bI H a-

C T 0 H 1II e rOB p e M e H H OT OCHOBbI tiyo-, I1MeIOlIIHe ynapemre aa <p n e KC 11 H~ HacTOHlIIee H 6YAYlIIee BpeMH rnarorra 6bITHH pa3nl1'1aIOTCH, TaKI1M 06- pa30M, aKueHTHoH ansrepaauaea ynapenae na <pneKcHH +ynapeaae na xopne:

Hacrosuuee , Byoyiuee

1 eA.6YAY 1 Mil 6YLJ.3eM, 1 en, 6YLJ.Y 1 MH. 6YLJ.3iM

2 en, 6YA3ew 2 MH. 6YLJ.3iue 2 en. 6YA3iw 2 MH. 6YA3iuH

, " 6'

3 eLJ.. 6YA3e(-ub) 3 MH. 6YLJ.Yllb 3 en. 6YA3H 3 MH. YLJ.Yllb

13 Fpunaeeuxuc B, HCTOpH'IeCKOe pa3SHTIle YAapeHHlI H HHTOHaUIdl lKeMaATOKHx I'OBOpOB rrHTOBCKoro Jl3b1Ka (B cpaBHeHHH C naruurcxax). - B KH.: CrraBHHCKaJI H 6arrTIlll:CKaJI axuearonoraa, M.,1964, c.13-17; Gnnaveckis V ~emailSq, tarrniu, istorija ... , p. 125-127.

14 Pirmoji lietuviq kalbos gramatika 1653 metai. Vilnius, 1957, p.405-407, 428. 1 S Schultz T. Compendium gramaticae Lithvanicae. Regiomonti, 1673, p.3.

16 Lietuviszkas Ewangelias. Wilniuy , 1806, p.119.

118 .

17CM. Zinkevicius Z, Lietuviu dialektologiia i .v, p.13-16,

1 YJIapeHHe aa qlJleKcHIf IfMCIOT 06bI'IHU If 4>oPMbI npocroro 6YAYlliero (ncp4>CKTHBHoro npeseaca) npH"'''faBO<JHbIX )l,epHBaTOB sroro rnarona: 3a6yi)y, 3a6yiJ3ew, ... (R lie satiy-

119

<l>OpMbI OT OCHOBbI 6yo- asrcrynaror TOnbKO B 4>YHKII,HH Verbum substantivum • .IlJHI HHX OTMeqeHbI cnenyrouiae KOHTeKCTyanbHbIe 3HaqeHHH:

(1) ')I(HTb', cp.: JlK Tbl 6yo3eUJ? 'KaK TbI )l(HBewb?'; 6yoy' JlK eapox npu oapose - XTO i,lJ,3e, TOU capee ')I(HBY, KaK ropox npa nopore - KTO H,IJ,eT, TOT CopBeT'; uanaee« 6yo3e, JlK aosiu oseiu. - 6Y03eUJ, 6yo3eUJ i 36yo3eCCJl 'senoaex )l(HBeT, KaK O,IJ,HH nens - )l(HBeWb, )l(HBeWb H KOHqHWbCH (6YKB. 'H3)!(HBeWb ceria') ';

(2) 'nposcasars, npefisrsan.', cp.: 6yo3e ji Byosieanax, a CIOObl Ita pa60TY eJICOJICtJJl 'np02KHBaeT B nY,lJ,HBOJIaX, a ClO,IJ,a Ha pafio ry e3,IJ,HT'; y Ka20 eu 6y03i/.ii!?

Y xoro BbI npoxasaere (oCTaHOliHJIHCb)?; KpOT i 3i"MOIO i aerau 6yo3e/.ib y 3JlMni 'KpOT H 3HMOIO H neTOM npeosraaer B 3eMJIe'; nactay«i s iuysu« y osspax _ naoasus Ita OItO C tpaeoto i TaM nao /leOaM 6yOY/.ib oa escnu 'JiaCTOqKH 3HMYIOT B osepax - rranaror aa ,lJ,HO C TpaBOIO H TaM nono nb,lJ,OM npetisraaror ,lJ,O BeCHbI" P) 'nnarensno« BpeMH 6bITb, HaXO,IJ,HTbCH r,lJ,e-JIH60': xartca se Ita eap» 6Y03e~b xaTK~ ee na rope HaXO,lJ,HTCH (KaK npexcie] '; xneti Ita crane 6yo3e i ctceaptca 6Y03e. TO uiua 'Ia20 602a y nee euaus 'XJle6 na CTOne ecrs (rrOCTOHHHO) H CaJIO

ecrs (rroCTOHHHO), TaK aesero 60ra B nee ruan,'

(4) ',6bIBaTb' ('6bITb qaCTO, rrOCTOHHHO, HHOr,lJ,a'): patiiu»: neaou 6yOY/.ib opotiItblJl HrO,lJ,bI pH6HHbI 6bIBalOT MenKHe', H T.,IJ,.

KaK BH)J,HO, xpyr KOHTeKcTYaJlbHbIX 3HaqeHHH 4>OPM HaCT. sp. C OCHOBOH

6yo- 06be,IJ,HHHeTCH 06llJ,HM ceMaHTHqeCKHM npasnaxora ,IJ, n H Ten b HOC T H. CrreII,H4>HKa :nHX 4>OpM COCTOHT B 0603HaqeHHH cyurecrsoaanaa KaK n p 0 1.1, e CC a (HnH COCTOHHHH), ,IJ, JI H mer 0 C H, n pOT H )I( e H H 0 rOB 0 B P e-

Me HH.

qTO xacaerca 4>OpMbI ecu« TO OHa MO)l(eT asrcrynars B ,lJ,BOHKOH 4>YHKl.I,HH _ ~ KaK Verbum substant ivum, H KaK copula? . B pona rnarona cyuiecraosaaaa ecus HMeeT cnenyrouiae 3HaqeHHH: (1) 3K3HCTeHII,HanbHOe anasenae B HaH60nee a6cTpaKTHoM, ":HCTOM" BH,IJ,e: ecu« nao 3JlM/leU CBeT; ecu« Ita jici!' ceoii 'lac; 51 K CBeT CBeTaM ctay, 23TtJJl p3'1Ka ecu«; (2) 3K3HCTeHII,HaJIbHOe saaseaae B coe!l-~HeH~H C rrapTHTH~BH~CTblO (ecu« + pon.n.) : 6aiiKay ecu« YCJlKix; tiapaeiKOy ecus I Ta.K ~?bI6oy; eC/.ib TyT 6a6poY. /lacey. o3iKOY; (3) noceccasaoe 3HaqeHHe: y tx ecus K~OCltbl;, 03Be 03Jl~'IaTKiy ix ecu« (cp. TpaHc4>0pMaII,HH B KOHCTPYKII,HH C steu» HMeTb : y MJllte ecus «pocnu = 51 MaIO KPOCltbl) H r.n.

IT~H3HaK ,lJ,JIHTeIlbHoCTH 3,1J,eCb OTCYTcTByeT: ecu«, B orrraxae OT 4>0PM C ocHOBOH 6yo-, npencraanaer cyuiecrsoaasae He KaK npouecc, a KaK ,IJ, a H HOC T b rrpOTHBOrrOnO)l(HOCTb "He6bITHIO" HnH OTCYTCTBHIO, r.e. ofioaaasaer, c06CTBeH- ' HO ronopa, He cyuiecrsoaaaae, a cxopee 0 C Y in e C T'B n e H HOC T b. Pa3- HHl.I,a 3Ta oc06eHHO OqeBH,IJ,Ha, xorna -ra H npyrae 4>OPMbI OKa3b1BaIOTCH B

O,IJ,HHaKOBOM KOHTeKCTe, cp., aanpastep:

xneti ecu« Ita crane xneti 6yo3e Ita crane

'xnef B ,lJ,aHHOe BpeMH 'XJle6 ace BpeMH ecrs (fisrn H ecru)

ecrs na crone' na crone'

IaKHM 06pa30M, nsa rana nacroauiero BpeMeHH rnarorra tiuu« B repBHTCKOM rOB ope ,lJ,OCTaTOqHO onpenenenno rrpoTHBOrrOCTaBJIeHbI B 4>YHKIIHOHaJIbHO-CeMaHTHqeCKOM OTHoweHHH: cnparaerasre 4>OpMbI OT 6yo- ynorpefinHIOTCH KaK Verbum substantivum co 3HaqeHHeM )J,JlHTeJIbHOCTH,. rorzia KaK ecu» xapaxrepasyerca cHHKpeTH3MoM 4>YHKIIHH: (cBH3Ka HnH rnarorr 6bITHH 6e3 3HaqeHHH ,lJ,JIHTenbHocTH).

3TO npcrasorrocraanenae, 6nH3Koe K onrr03HII,HH aecoaepureanoro H cosepurenaoro BH,IJ,OB, nonysaer 4>opMaJIbHOe supaxeaae He ronsxo B HaCTOHmeM BpeMeHH, HO H B ,lJ,PYfHX aperaenax HH,IJ,HKaTHBa. Xapaxrepno HaJIHqHe y aroro rnarona KaK npOCTbIX, TaK H a Han H T H q e C K H X 4> 0 P M 6 y ,IJ, Y mer 0 BpeMeHH:

1 en. 6y,lJ,y 6bIllb 1 MH. 6Y,lJ,3iM 6bIl.I,b

2 en. 6y,lJ,3irn 6bIllb 2 MH. 6YlJ,3illH 6b1l1b 3 en. 6Y,lJ,3H 6bIllb 3 MH. 6YlJ,Yllb 6bIll,b

Cp.: 6a/.iJlltbl y uac 6yOY/.ib tiuu« oa «auua cepnns; ax y nannosena« naeosius - TaK OOY2a 6Y03i4fl 6bl/.ib? H r.n. Te H ,lJ,pYfHe 4>OPMbI paammarorca no npH3HaKY )J,JlHTenbHocTH/He)J,JlHTenbHocTH, cpo B O)J,HOM H TOM )l(e KOHTeKCTe: 23TaU napou sua 6Y03Jl «ann xaru ':n0H: nopoii OHa (yxe) 6YlJ,eT B03ne ,lJ,OMa' - 23Tau napoli Jllta 6j03Jl 6bl/.ib xans: xatu ':nOH nopoii OHa 6Y,lJ,eT HaXO,lJ,HTbCH (nnarensnoe BpeMH) B03ne IJ,OMa'. Taxoe )l(e pa3JIHqHe npOBO,lJ,HTCH Me)l(,IJ,y npOCTbIMH H CnO)l(HbIMH 4>opMaMH npouremuero BpeMeHH 6b1Y. 6bl/la. -0. -(- 6blY (6bl!l(1 • .0. -i) 6WYUJbl. cp.: elt TaM 6blY - elt TaM 6blY 6b1YUJbl; 23Ta C na'IaTKY ceery 6bl/lO - 23Ta C nauarsy cBeTY 6bl/lO 6bzYUJbl, H r.n, Cp. TaK)I(e COCTaB 4>OpM cocnararensnoro HaKnOHeHHH: 6blY 6bl cuu, TO . MOJICa nput cuu icy 6blY 6bl 661YUJbl; Ka6 6bl/lO 6 Ita 006Pbl nao, 6bl/lO 6 6blYUJbl Y uac BaC3U/lJl ('CBa,IJ,b6a') .

ITpHBe,lJ,eHHaH naparurrr-ra, xaxcyuiaaca CTOJIb 3K30THqeCKOH aa 6enopYCCKOM (H cnaBHHCKOM) 4>oHe, nonysaer 06bHCHeHHe, ecna npanars BO BHHMaHHe JIHTOBCKo-6enopYCCKoe IJ,BYH3bIqHe, KOTOPbIM H31J,aBHa OXBaqeHbI I'epaarsr. <l>opMaJIbHOe npoTHBorrOCTaBJIeHHe IJ,BYX 4>YHKII,HOHaJIbHO-CeMaHTHqeCKHX nnaHOB rnarona 6bITHH B 6enopYCCKOM, asrpaxarouieeca, B qaCTHOCTH, B cyrmneTHBHOH napannrrae HaCTOHmefO BpeMeHH, npencrannaer nonnoe THnOnOfHqeCxoe COOTBeTCTBHe TOMY rrOnO)l(eHHIO, xoropoe Ha6nlOIJ,aeTCH B nHTOBCKOM ronope I'epnar. I1MeeTcH B BH,IJ,y COOTHOrneHHe yra (i'ra), H 4>OPM npeseaca OT OCHOBbI bu-:

1 en, bu-vu ' 1 MH. biivam

2 en. bU'vi 2 MH. btl' vat

3 en. = MH. bi1'va

, I ,.., _., v

<l>opMa 3 n, yra (nonoiiao 6np. ecus 0606meHHaH )J,JlH scex nHII: anas, ants, as.

tU. meso jus yra) xapaKTepH3yeTc~ cHHKpeTH3MoM 4>YHKl.I,HH (mar~JI cyuiecrBOBaHHH H CBH3Ka) . <l>OpMbI buvu, bic VI .... HMelOT TO )l(e anaxeaae )l(HTb, npo)l(HBaTb, HaxO,IJ,HTbCH' (B coe,IJ,HHeHHH C rrpH3HaKOM i:JlIHTenbHOCTH) 4 , 'ITO H 3K-

3 aapaairr: bu-rnie ... , CM.: Kardclyte J. Gervet:ilt tarrne. Vilnius. 1975, p. 78.

4 Cp, CXOlKee COOTHOWeHlI.e B CT.-JlII.T. MelKAY yra (cBJl3Ka II. rnaron cYlUecTBOBaHII.JI 6e3

121'

oy, a,eH 3a6y03e); 16yo;, 36y03eU;,'" (36Y03{'" KapOBY); a06yoy, a06y03ew, ... , npet- 6yoy, npbI6y03eU; .... (HO~ ~06y03e~ osen« npbI6y03e); Ha6yoy. Ha6y03ew .... (eH TaM

ooj)ca He Ha6y03~); y6y0.J;. y6yo~!?w (e« y cOpa03C lie y6Y03e 'He nplI.lKII.BeTCJI') II.

1 np .• II.CKJlIO'IllH Bbl6yoy, BbI6y03eW .

B POJlII. CBJl3KII. eCl4b 06bllJHO onycxaercs, II.CKJlIO'IeHlI.e COCTaBJlJlIOT CJlY'IaH, xorna ara tPopMa CJlYlKlI.T h~ TOJlbKO rpaMMaTII.'1e"'mM nOKa3aTeJleM npeAII.KaWIH HO II. noxasareJleM 3MtPa3hI, .7P.: I4Jme~ RK pas e'~l4b napa ua cRy6y; Mbl CROOHR eCl4b ~acTyxaMj; cy. ~~Ta BaJIC~aR ecus - OHeM patit, a yeeuap CGRTKyU; eH Hi &l4b ootipu; TyT Hi ecu« uen-

• II. T.n •• cp. TaKlKe COXpaHeHHt' ']VJtPaTlI'ICCKoro ecu« B POJIII. llcnoMOraTeJlbHOrO rnarOl,!a ~~II. 06pa~~BaHlI.lI. "neptP~KTHhIX" tP0PM II.JlII. naCCII.Ba: JlCblTa. cxposs 3l1i/xWbl eCl4b' BayKI y Hac 3?eYWbICR uucra eCl4b; xara TaM i>'cl4b stiyoaeana, 03e Ri!O p003jHa 6b1YWb/ TaR Cl(pblnKai!cl4b auapaeana j TOR RUKO asapaeaua ecu« II. T.n, •

120

BHBaJIeHTHbIe HM GJIP. 6yoy, 6y03eW, ... ; cp.: dnis ti dzvlejuo bu' va 'j ie ten dviese gyvena' (cp. JIeKCH'lecKYIO Cy6CTHTYUllIO: dzvieje gi- voena abu seneliai 'dviese gyvena abu seneliai'. Kardelyte J. Op. cit., p. 72); su mdmu buva 'c Marepsio )l(HBeT'; bzivi, bu' vi kap vienu dzienu ')I(HBellIb, )l(HBellIb, KaK O/I,HH nem,'; "Ziemu sarbs, bu' va, a-nJS ir ziemu neizbe-gdo niekur '3HMOH COpOKH ecrs (6bIBaIOT; :6yoY!4bl) , OHH H 3HMOH He YJIeTalOT HHKYAa; sarm"Uktn 'u vuogi tes dra' bnJS bit· va 'HroAKH pH6HHbI 6bIBalOT MeJIKHe', H r.n. (sanaca A. tioHaHTHTe) .

Cp. TaK)I(e napanrrerrsnsre OTfJIarOJIbHbIe 06pa30BaHHH B JIHTOBCKOM H fienopycCKOM bt· kls, biccis - 6bl!4!4i (//6Y!4!4~): kok'tJ c'a bucis - bu'v}, buy} ir sUzbuvi,

6 "6""6"'~ / '" " ,

51K051 TyT uuue - vosetu, -yosetu i 36y03eCCf!; jos buvo g'ara bu: k13, fie tiuno

oo6pQJI tiuuue.

B 6eJIOpyccKOH /I,HaJIeKTOJIOfHH 3T0 HBJIeHHe AO CHX rrop He 6bIJIO OTMe'leHO.

ITo MaTepHaJIaM KapToTeKH "Ilsranexranar-iuaara aTJIaCa 6eJIapYCKaH MOBbI" OKa3aJIOCb B03MO)l(HbIM norrysars JIHllib KOCBeHHbIe AaHHbIe - cBHAeTeJIbCTBa

o B03MO)l(HbIX KOJIe6aHHHx B aKueHTHoH napanarjae rnarona 6bITHH (HcrrOJIb3YH OTBeTbI aa aonpoc N° 114 "RK yrnapaiouna <pOPMbI 6YAY'lara 'lacy?") . Cornac-

HO 3THM AaHHbIM, npa 06pa30BaHHH aHaJIHTH'leCKOrO fiynyutero HCrrOJIb3YIOTCH <pOpMbI acnojaorarensaoro rnarorra C YAapeHHeM aa <pJIeKCHH (6yoy pa6i!4b)

HJIH C KOJIe6aHHHMH MeCTa YAapeHHH B CJIeAYlOlUlIx MeCTax: N° 139 ,I1,y6HHKH Ocrposeuxoro p-aa fpOAHeHCKOH 06JI.; N° 180 Bepe6YIlIKH, N° 169 A6paMoBunnra Csroproacxoro p-aa fpOAHeHcKOH 06JI.; N° 160 ITPOHbKH, N° 157 Hopeaura MHAeJIbCKOrO p-aa MHHCKOH 06JI.; N° 187 A.rr.aMoBo BOJIO)I(HHCKOrO p-aa MHHCKOH 06JI.; N° 126 EOPKOBO I'oponoxcxoro p-aa BHTe6cKoH 06JI. ITPH npoBepKe onaoro H3 3THX rrYHKToB - N° 160, A. IIpoHbKH HaA 03. Haposs - otiaapy)l(eHa B TO'lHOCTH ra )l(e CHCTeMa, 'lTO H B repBHTcKOM rosope, r.e. 6YAYillee BpeMH.C YAapeHHeM aa xopae (cp. H B aHanHTH'leCKHX <popMax: 6yoy, 6j03iw, 6Y03i!4b, 6Y03iM, 6Y03i!451, 6YOY!4b scaus, MaIla!4i!4b) H HaCTOHmee BpeMH C YAapeaaess aa <pJIeKCHH (6yoy, 6y03ew, 6y03e!4b, 6Y03~M, 6y03i!4€. 6YOY!4b; cp.:

M5I038e!4b y 651PIl0351 6y03e!4b; 6YOY!4b Ita «earspus . He HCKJIIO'leHO, 'lTO H B APYrHX yrroMHHYTbIX nyaxrax c06HpaTeJIH MOrJIH He 3aMeTHTb MOP<P0HOJIOrH'leCKOH POJIH CABHra YAapeHHH, asrpaacaroutero BpeMeHHoe rrpOTHBOrrOCTaHOBJIeHHe.

ITo HallIHM npeneaparensasnr AaHHbIM (noneasre Ha6JIIOAeHHH 1981 H

1982 rr.), apean paccxrarpaaaexroro HBJIeHHH BKJIlO'laeT,rrO KpaHHeH Mepe, CMe)l(HbIe repparopan rpex paaoaos - Ocrponeuxoro H Csroproacxoro I'ponHeHcKoH 06JI. H MHAeJIbCKoro MHHCKOH. 3TO, npesoie acero, 60JIbiliaH rpynna nepeseas 6JIH3 I'epsar (sacrs HX BXO/I,HT B repBHTcKHH OCTPOB JIHTOBCKo-6eJIPYCCKOro ABYH3bI'lHH) : MHUIOHbI, MaUKH, I'ansxyasr, faHrOJIH, feJIIOHbI, PbIMA31OHbI, fHPbI, Kepnnaunma, fpOA3H, ITeTpHKH, KHHCTYIlIKH, MHJIbueH, IIeJIerpHHAa, BHKTacHHa, 3aBeJIbUbI (MaTepHaJIbI H3 nocnenaero nymcra nOJIY'leHbI OT COTpYAHHUbI Cexropa /I,HaJIeKTOJIOrHH l1HcTHTYTa H3bIK03HaHHX AH OCCP E.l1. qe6epYK), pHA npyrax nepeaeas 0 C T P 0 Be U K 0 r 0 p-aa: HOBHKH, OJIbrHHHHbI, OeJIbKHIlIKH, PaA3IOJIH, Cy6HJIH, qepHHIlIKH, OO/I,HBOJIbI, BafiPYTbI, KeMeHTH, 3a6anHHbI, <1>HJIHnaHbI, MaJIH; B C MOp r 0 H C K 0 M p-ae:

HHCTaHHIliKH (10.<1>. MaUKeBH'l paaee OTMeTHJIa 3AeCb npacrasosasre rJIarOJIbI C KOHe'lHbIM YAapeHHeM: y6YOY!4b, na6YOy"!4b) , ,I1,3cHaBHIlIKH, J1bIJIOHTH, CbIpO-

BaTKH, EYA3HJIKH, ITOJIHHbI, XOHmOBH'lH (no 3anHCHM OT ypozceauea :nHX MeCT, )KHBYlUlIX HbIHe B I'epaarax) ; B M H A e JI b C K 0 M p-ae: ITPOHbKH, )I(eJIe3HHKH, Ilossourse (l-e H 2-e) , CHMOHbI, Crapsie Tafisr. IToCJIeAHHH nYHKT (srarepaansr xoroporo nonyseasr OT MecTHoH Y'lHTeJIbHHUbI q. J1aIITHK) naxoAHTCH ysce na BOCTO'lHOH oxpaaae MHAeJIblUllHbI, B6JIH3H rpaaausi C JlOKIlIHUKHM P-HOM BHTe6cKoH 06JI. TaKHM 06pa30M, sro apean AOBOJIbHO 60JIbiliOH npOTH)I(eHHOCTH - 60JIee 300 KM C sanana aa BOCTOK (OT oCTpoBeUKHx nepeaens AO CTaPbIX I'afi) . Pa3YMeeTcH, ero He06xoAHMO YTO'lHHTb H npoaepars CIIJIOIlIHbIM 06cJIeAOBaHHeM 30HbI ceaepo-aananasrx rOBopOB, H He TOJIbKO B OTHOllIeHHH rpaaau, HO H C TO'lKH 3peHHH B03MO)l(HbIX paCXO)I(AeHHH Me)I(AY roaopasra (TaK, He HCKJIIO'laeTCH pa3H060H B YAapeHHH, pa3JIH'lHH BO <pJIeKCHHX

3 ' I I

H T.A.; cp. B A. aBeJIbUbI: HaCT. ap, 6yoy, tiyoseiu, 6y03e!4b H T.A., npOCTOe 6YA.

Bp.6y03e, HO 6Y03f B aHanHTH'leCKHX <p0pMax - 6y03e tiiu« H r.n.

Y'lHTbIBaJI CMe)l(HOCTb yxaaaanoro apeana C JIHTOBCKHM H, TeM 60JIee, caryaUHH )l(HBbIX H3bIKOBbIX KOHTaKTOB (I'epnarsr H 6JIH)I(aHillee oKpY)I(eHHe) , MO)l(HO He COMHeBaTbCH B HanH'lHH npHMOH CBH3H Me)I(AY 6eJIOPYCCKOH H JIHTOBCKOH napa/I,HrMaMH rnarona 6bITHH. Ho Ba)l(HO' YKa3aTb H npyryro, c06CTBeHHO 6eJIoPYCCKYlO napannens: BO MHOrHX 6eJIOpYCCKHX rosopax, npescre acero, nonecCKHX, HMeeTCH CXO)l(aJI napanarr-ra rJIarOJIa 6bITHH? B KOTOPOH TaK)I(e npenCTaBJIeHa MOAeJIb cynlIJIeTHBHbIX OTHOllIeHHH B HaCTOHllleM BpeMeHH, C TOH paaaaueii, 'lTO AJIHTeJIbHbIH KOppeJIHT K <popMe, npOAOJI)I(alOmeH *es- (ec!4b, ecru, ecuexa H T.A.) , 06pa3YIOT <pOPMbI CHHOHHMH'lHOrO 3K3HCTeHUlIanbHoro

"" fA ' • / A / , " / ,

rJIarOJIa )l(HTb ,cp. ApOrH'lHHCK. ri 6 nauiyt naeuu osxonu P06blP u JlCbl6YT .

MOllOK6 JlCbl63 3a6CUObi 6ull3. Ja JlCbl6Y (6bIBalO) 'l'tICTO 6 Ep5C!4'uS; TypOBCK. J/'laCTO JlCbl6Y [6bIBalO] y Typoei. Becnoii 600a CKP03b JlCbl65 TyT. Mscoeo JlCbl6e 03e6e!4b ueosen« Ma6Y!4b, 601t i JlCbl6e f «anniuu, TOU Kp3CT.6 H r.n.;

cp. TaK)I(e MHOrO'lHCJIeHHbIe npajaepsr BKJIIO'leHHH <pOPM OT ")I(HTb" B napanarMy "6bITb" H aa rrpenenasra 6eJIOpYCCKOH reppnropaa 7.

K.A. KAPYJIHC

J1TIII. JELGA VA 'EJIf ABA'

ITepBbIM CBOH cooopascenaa 0 npoacxoacnenaa CJIOBa Jelgava (ropon aa 6epery p. J1HeJIyne; B XVI-XVII BB. - TaK)I(ejelgava 'ropon') Y)I(e B 1819 r. BbIcxasan K. BaTcoHI , C'lHTaBIlIHH, 'lTO sro 3aHMCTBOBaHHe H3 JIHBCKOro H3bIKa. ITo ero MHeHHIO, OHO CBH3aHO C JIHB. jiilgab 'ropon'": 3TOT B3rJIHA AOJIrO npeofina-

3Ha4eHHlI )J.J1HTenbHOCTH) H esti (c AypaTHBHbIM 3HaqeHHeM) : CTa/1i! Xp. Tperse nH~O rnarona "6bITb" B nHTOBCKOM H naTbIllICKOM xasrxax. - B KH.: Bonpocsi reopaa H HCTOpHH 1I3b1Ka. Jl., 1963, C. 285-289.

122

5 K.fIUMIIYK r/I.J(. Cneuarpaaecxa« neKCHKa ,UpOmqHHCKOro Ilonecsa, - B KH.: neKCHKa Ilonecss. M., 1968, C. 23, 33.

6 KPbl8i14Ki A.A.,llbIXYH r.A., Huucin l.fl. Typaycxi cnoyai«. T. 2. MiHcK, 1982, C. 67. 7 ClI:!., aanpasrep: Cnonaps PYCCKHX napormsrx rosopoa. Bsm, 9. Jl., 1972, S.V. JlCUTb.

Kapn (JlPHAPHX BaTCOH (1777 -1826) . Ilearens narsuucxoa xyrrsrypsi, nesseu no HaUHoHaJIbHOCTH. Ocaoaarens H nepBbIit penaxrop nepaon narsuucxoa excaenensaoa raseru "Latviefu avizes" '("naTbIllICKali rasera", 1822-1915).

2 Iloxnan B KypnllHACKOM 06IIIeCTBe mrreparypu H HCKYCCTBa (3 cearsfipa 1819 r.). Hanesaraa: Jahresverhandlungen der Kurlandischen Gesellschaft filr Literatur und Kunst, 1822, Bd. 2, S. 309.

123

)],aJI B rnrreparype; )],OKna)J, K. BaTCOHa 60nee lIeM xepea noncroneraa 6e3 H3- MeHeHHH 6bIn onytinaxoaaa sa naTbIIllCKOM fl3bIKe3 . 3TY TOIIKy spenaa B OCHOBHOM pasnenana MHOrHe nocnenyioutae aBTOpbI, cpena HHX - R. 3aKpaHOBHII4, K. Mionenfiax (M.-E. II, 109) H R. 3H)],3enHHs . R. 3aKpaHoBHII npennonoxan, xro cnoso rrpOH30IllJIO OT rrHB.jlilgepii 'rrOnHO)I(He 3aMKa, r.e, ropsi, na KOTOPOH CTOHT 3aMOK' ("Fussburg oder Burgfuss"); rne jalga 'nora' H pa 'ronoaa' (no 3aKpaHOBHllY - YaK)I(e 'ropa, xonsr, na KOTOPOM CTOHT 3aMOK'). R. 3H)]'3errHH YKa3bIBan, sro jelgava < naa. jiilgab npaoopeno B acxone =ava

rro ofipaauy naTbIllICKHX TorrOHHMOB sa =ava; 'if> a nepen YaBTOCHnrra6HlleCKHM I (rro ero MHeHHlO, 3TO a Morno rrpOHCXO)],HTb TaK)I(e OT 60rree npeasero nas. a, xoropoe nosnaee nepen I y)J,JlHHHrrOCb), nocne xero a> e, KaK BO MHOrHX )],pyrHX 3aHMCTBOBaHHflX (cp. Embiite : HeM. Amboten). B.ToMceH YaK)I(e CBfl3bIBan rrHB. ja/gab C jalga 'nora', HO C'IHTan, sro cnoao jlilgab snaxane COOTBeTCTBOBaJIO Q>HHCKOMY jalkava '6b1CTPbIH aa aery' H liTO YaK Ha3bIBanH ropon Enrasy, nocne xero JTO crroao npaotipeno saaseaae HMeHH aapauarensaoro ('ropo)], aoofinre'] 6. (Ilocnennee orsepraer R. 3lijJ,3errHH.) 7 Hccnenoaarens rrHBCKoro assrxa 11. Kerrynea 0 rrnu, Jelgava asrcxasanca 60rree OCTOPO)l(HO: "wohl aus dem Livj ischenj ?". R. 3H)]'3errHH B rrOCrre)l,HHH nepaon cBoeH nearerrsaocra TaK)I(e aosnepscanca OT xareropasecxoro yraepacneuan 0 rrHBCKOM rrpOHCXO)l(neHHH cnosa Jelgava:" lumpis 'npyn' B C e )I( e, B e p 0 fl THO (pasparuca nama. - K.K.), rrpOH30IllJIO OT .JCT. lump H Jelgava (panee: 'yxpennenasnr saMOK, ropon') - OT nHB. jlligab ' ropon' "9.

3Ta OCTOPO)l(HOCTb otrsncnaerca rrraBHbIM 06pa30M TeM, xro )],0 CHX rrop

HeT npaanononoeuoa 3THMorrorHH nas. Hi/gab aa OCHOBe Q>HHHo-yropcKHX assrKOB. CYIl!eCTBYlOT 11 npyrae cooopaxeaaa, aacraanmourae COMHeBaTbCfl B nasCKOM rrpOHCXO)l()l.eHHH nrur, Jelgava. B rrpOTHBOrrOrrO)l(HOCTb yrsepxneaaio

R. 3H)J.3errKHa, B rraTbIIllCKOM assnce HeT 3aKOHa 0 nepexone a > a nepen TaBTOCHrrrra6HlleCKHM I; cp. mnls 'rnaaa': npoaaaonnsre miilbedre, malgans, mdl-; grauzis, miilnieks. To )l(e casroe B 3aHMCTBOBaHHflX, nanpasaep: dnlderis < Cp.-H.HeM. dal(d)er; m~/deris < Cp.-H.-HeM. mal (d) er. TIpHMep, rrpHBelJ,eHHbIH R. 3HIJ,- 3enKHOM, - maltite < Cp.-H.-HeM. maltlt, "rne B rraTbIIllCKOM rrpOH3HoIlleHHH nonroe a nepen raarocannaeaseciooa Inorr:>KHo 6bIJIO Q>oHeTHllecKH norepars

,,10 6 '

nonrory , - He y e)l(naeT, YaK KaK Morna 6bITb 3aHMCTBOBaHa Cp.-H.-HeM.

HnH cpenae-ronnaancxaa naanexrnaa Q>opMa C KpaTKHM a; cp. cpenne-ronnaancxoe rnaeltijd : maletijd [malatjt] . COOTBeTCTBeHHO JTHM napannensnsnr nHaneKTHbIM Q>opMaM H B rraTb~IllCKOM assnce B XVII B. cymecTBOBaJIH napannensasre Q>OpMbI cnosa - rnaltite (Malltiet; Mancelius C. Lettus, 1638) H

! Rota, 1887, Nr. 8, 1. 70- 71.

Sakranowicz J. Zur Griindung der Stadt Mitau, sowie deren Namen: deutsch Mitau, lettisch Jelgava, - In: Magazin, hrg. von der Lettisch-Literarischen Gesellschaft 1896 Bd, 19 St 4 s.329-338. ' , ,.,

Endzettns J. Pa: Jelgavas vardu. - IzgIitibas Ministrijas Menesraksts, 1932, Nr. 2, 1. 134-137. (TO JKe: Endzelins J. Darbu izlase, III, 2. Riga, 1980,1. 46-50); Par Iatviesu un lTbie~u valodas savstarpejo ietekmi, - Darbu izlasc, Ill, 2, l. 424-428.

6

Thomsen V. Berdringer mellen de finske og te baltiske (litauisk-lettiske) sprog, K~benhavn,

7 1890, S. 254.

Darbu izlase, III, 2, I. 84. 8

9 Kettunen L. Livisches Wdrterbuch. Helsinki, 1938, S. 85.

Darbu izlase, III, 2, l. 424. (uanacaao He paHbllle 1951 r.).

maltlte (Mahltit; Rehenusen J.G. Manuductio ad lin guam Lettonicam. 1644),. OnHaKO nepaaa <poPMa BbITeCHHna BTOPYIO.

B CBOlO ovepens naa. jlligab Q>oHeTHllecKH aaxoaosrepno Morno 06pa30BaTbca H3 ITTIll. jelgava nYTeM ynonocneaaa cnoay (uaponaaa 3THMorrorHfI) jlIlga 'nora' (rrapTHTHB jaTga); B HCXOne =ava aaxoaosrepno ornano OKOHllaHHe =a,

a B 6e3ynapHoM BTOPOM errore av > ab (cp. igav > igab 'langweilig'; cp. TaK)I(e ITTIll. in dive > naa. indib 'bose Krankheit').

Pan C006pa)l(eHHH nossonaer cnenars BbIBOn, xro naaaoe cnoao )l.eHCTBHrensao 3aHMCTBOBaHO rrHBCKHM fl3bIKOM H3 narsnncxoro, HO He Ha060pOT.

B narsnncxora aasnce ecrs nHaneKTH3M jelgs [j~'lgs] 'HH3KHH, TorrKHH (0 3eMrre)' (M.-E. II, 109), jelga '60rroTHcToe MecTo' (E.-H., 1562), He npaanexaaIllHHCfI IJ,O CHX nop )J,Jlfl 3THMorrorH3alI.HH cnosa Jelgava (jelgava) . OT npan. jelgs HrrH cyur, jelga MO)l(HO 06pa30BaTb Ha3BaHHe Jelgava, TaK )l(e KaK OT npan. dumbrs '60rrOTHCTbIH, TorrKHH' HrrH cyur, dumbr(i)s '60rrOTO, rons' 06pa30BaH TorrOHHM Dumbrava. KaK H3BeCTHO, r. Enraaa )l,eHCTBHTerrbHO pacnonoxea aa HH3MeHHbIX, rrrrOCKHX, lIaCTO aarormaesrsrx 6eperax pexa,

HeT eure TaK)I(e H 3THMonorHH enos jelgs, jelga. Ilysraerca, liTO l: He npaaannexorr KOPHlO 3TorO cnosa, a rrpHCOe)],HHeH K HallanbHOMY e, KaK B naan. jerzelis: erzelis 'xepeoen', 3TO aanenae noaonsao IllHPOKO scrpesaerca B TorrOHHMHKe 11aTBHH; cp. Edu~ifJedu§i (J1HBaHbI), Egjava/Jegleva (33epHHeKH), a TaK)I(e napannensasre Q>OPMbI TorrOHHMOB B pasasrx paiionax 11aTBHH: Erini : Jerini, Enkas: Jenkas, Encis: Jencis, Elll"tes < '" ElnTtes (cp, Eln-valks H Ellit-valks) - JelnTt [es J H MH. np. 3TH npaxsepu rrOKa3bIBalOT, xro H30fJIOCCa xapaxrepaoro )J,JlSl CrraBflHCKHX fl3bIKOB Q>OHeTHlleCKoro asneaaa - nporerasecxoro j nepen HallaJIbHbIM e - 3aXO)l.HT rnytioxo sa repparopaio 11aTBHH: OT 11aTfaJIHH

no KYPIllCKHX aesrens aa notiepeacse DaJITHHCKOro MOpfl (HO, OlleBH)l,HO,

He 3aXBaTbIBaeT repparopmo 11HTBbI); OJl,HaKO peanasoaanocs 3T0 Q>OHerasecxoe asnenae uenocnenoaarensso H B nexcaxe BHe TorrOHHMHKH BCTpesaerca penxo. Ilocxonsxy paccssarpaaaeraaa Q>OHeTHlleCKafl 3aKOHOMepHOCTb H3 Q>HHHo-yropcKHX fl3bIKOB xapaxrepaa nann, )J,Jlfl nascxoro, TO B03MO)l(HO, lITO OHa aananacs Y3KO )],HaJIeKTHOH oc06eHHOCTblO Sl3bIKOB 6aJITCKHX nnesrea HnH xapaxrepasyer cyticrpar (B oc06eHHOCTH - na cesepo-aanane ilaTBHH.

113 3THX C006pa)l(eHHH cnenyer, 'ITO cnoao Jelgava Morno 06pa30BaTbCfI H3 "Elgava, H rorna ero cnenyer CBfl3bIBaTb C nHTOBCKHM Ha3BaHHeM pexa Alguva (Vanagas, 212), aapany C KOTOPbIM cyuiecrsyer Algupys. Ilna KypIllCKHX aeMerrb npeaaae HCTO'IHHKH ynoscmaror Algava (Algaw, 1540; Kiparsky V Die Kurenfrage. Helsinki, 1939, S. 75). B OCHOBe acex 3THX Ha3BaHHH MO)l(eT 6bITb H.-e. xopens "'el- 'rayrs', sepaee, pacurapeaae xopna "ei (e )k-/",el (e )g-, OTKY)l.a ITTIll. elks 'H3rH6, yron' ("leja cel~ grtezas itin asa elka" - 'BHH3Y nopora nosopasasana non OCTpbIM yrnora', M.-E. I, 567). K napannensasrra Q>opMaM C rnyxHM H 3BOHKHM 3aJl,Hefl3bI'lHbIMH cornacasrva cp. nar. Algupys : Alkupys (Vanagas, 236), TaK)I(e Alkupis, Alkupis (233) H, napany C 3THM, aa npyroii cryneaa lIepenOBaHHfl nar, El'kupis (234) H ITTIll. Elkupis (Bapra; LVV I 1, 269) . B rraTbIIllCKOM Sl3bIKe npeotinanaicr rrpOH3BOJl,HbIe OT 3T0ro xopaa C "e,

B nHTOBCKOM )l(e npencrasneasr 06e cryneaa lIepenoBaHHSl - Q>OPMbI C *e H *0 (cp. ITTIll. elkonis [~lkuonis] : nar. alkrme/elkfine 'rrOKOTb'). 06e cryneaa

124

10 lbid., l. 46.

125

qepeAOBaHHJI 3a<pHKCHpOBaHbI, nanparaep, Y JIaTbIlllCKHX TOrrOHHMOB Alekl! (Ha3BaHHe XYTOpa; TaK,Ke Aleksis; cp. Aleklupe, Aleklplava, TaK)I(e nyr Aleksene; LVV I 1,20) H ElekSi (Ha3BaHHe xyropa; TaK)I(e Eleksis; cp. MOCTHK Elek~a tiltit}t, XOJIM Elek!u kalns; L W I 1, 268); XOJIMbI Alkskalns (I 1, 20) H Elkas kalns (I 1,269); A/ca (nee H 60JIOTO; TaK)I(e nee Alca mels, I 1, 19) H nyr Elcene (I 1, 268) .

OCHoBa "elg-, KOTOpaJl, rro aauresry MHeHHlO, JlBJIJleTClI HCXO)J,HOH AJIJI CJIOBa felgava,BblcTyrraeT TaK)I(e B TorrOHHMe ElguCi (en. q. Elgutis, LVV I 1, 269). IlpoH3BO)J,HbIM OT roro )I(e KOPHJI C rnyxav ryrrypansasnr B pacurapenaa KOPHJI MO)l(eT6bITbTorroHHMEltuks < *Elkucs < "Elkutis (1, 1,268).

C "elg- 'KPHBOH', 'rnyrs, rHYTbc~ • .' MO)l(HO CBH3bIBaTb rrrur, )].Harr. elgt 'Ha30HJIHBO npocars; )I(arrOBaThCH', JIHT. elgti(s) 'npocars MHJJOCTblHlO, nofiaparsca' ecJIH 31a ceMaHTHKa OT 'rHYTbcH, KJIaHHTbCH (npoca) '. (Haase 06 3TH X CJIOBaX

R. 3H)J,3eJIHH, KOTOPbIH CBH3bIBaeT HX C nrur, ilgs 'AOJIrHH' M.-E. I, 567, H

3. <l>peHKem, npennaraiouuni CBJl3b C JIHT. alga '3apa60THaH nnara' H Ap.-HHA. arghtll] 'ueaaocrs' LEW 1962, 7) .

K sepenoaanaio rrryxoro H 3BOHKoro ryrrypansasrx cornacasix B CJIOBaX AaHHOH OCHOBbI cp. TaK)I(e pyc. /lOKOTb: naan. /1020Tb ro xe (EOpOBHqCKHH P-H HOBropOACKOH 06JI. H ITpeHJIbCKHH P-H JIaTBHHcKOH CCP; CPHr, BbIII. 17, C. 105).

qTO KaCaeTCJI ceMaHTHKH pa3JIHqHbIX rrpOH3BO)J,HbIX, TO CO 3HaqeHHeM 'KPHBOH' accouaapyerca JI1060H H3rH6 pensedia, KaK 'nparopox, XOJIM', 'JIO)l(6HHa, AOJIHHa', C rrOCJIeAHHM CBH3aHO 'HH3Koe, BJIa)l(HOe MeCTO' (cp. smu.liekt 'rHYTb, H3rH6aTh': liekna '3arrHBHOH nyr'). TaK )I(e MO)l(HO 06bHCHHTb saaseaae JITW. [elgs, [elga, H C 31HM )I(e 3HaqeHHeM, KaK Y)l(e rOBOpHJJOCb, MO)l(eT 6bJTb CBJl3aHa nepsoaaxansaaa ceMaHTHKa Ha3BaHHJI pacnorrozceanoro aa 6eperax p. Jlaenyne ropona EJIraBbI - YKa3aHHe aa HH3Koe, 3aTOIIJIHeMOe MeCTO.

O)J,HaKO nepacaaxanstryio ceMaHTHKY Ha3BaHHJI EJIraBbI C rrOJIHOH ysepeaHOCTblO onpenenars 0)J,H03HaqHO ace )I(e HeJIb3H. YqHTbIBaH poncraeaasre Ha3BaHHJI pex AlguvQ H Algava, MO)I(HO 3aKJIlOqHTb, qTO CJIOBO Jelgava rrepBOHaqarrbHO, MO)l(eT 6bITh, 0603HaqarrO He MeCTHOCTb, a pexy, BO BCHKOM cnyxae - ee H3BHJIHCTYlO xacrs B6JIH3H cospesreaaoro ropona EJIraBbI. (CJIeAyeT AooaBHTb, sro B npesueanrax AOKYMeHTax HHrAe He ynosraaaerca COBpeMeHHoe Ha3BaHHe peKH Lielupe, xoropoe rrpeACTaBJIJleTCH CpaBHHTemHo HOBbIM.) qTO CJIoBoMjelgava MO)l(HO 0603HaqaTh HeqTO xpasoe, H30mYTOe, noxaasmaer rrrur. naan, jelgavi{Ul 'He06xoAHMaH AJIJI coopyzceaaa COJIOMeHHOH xpsnua recaaaa )I(epAb' (M.-E.

II, 109), ')I(ep)].HHKa, KOTOPOH, xorna KpOlOT H36y, CBH3blBalOT COJIOMeHHYlO xpsnuy' (Latviesu konversacijas vardnlca, VIII, 1932-1933, 14361) - r.e. )I(ep)].HHKa, KOTopaH rrpH)I(HMaeT, 06JIeraeT, 06HHMaeT MaTepHarr KPOBJIH.

CJIeAyeT HMeTb B BHAy, O)J,HaKO, qTO CJIOBO Jelgava CBH3aHO He TOJIbKO C roPOAOM aa 6epery p. Jlaenyne, Bo-nepssrx, CJIOBO jelgava B rrHCbMeHHbIX HCTOqHHKax XVI-XVII BB. ofosaasano ropon soofiute. r. Maauens paanaxan 'YKpeIlJIeHHbIH ropon (eine feste Stadt) - pits H 'OTKPbITbrH ropon' (eine offene Stadt) - jelgava (J allghawa; Phraseologia Lettica,

1638, cap. XXXVIII). B COqHHeHHHX MaHueJIH no pa3JIHqHe He C06JIlOAaeTCJI rrOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHO, H rro OTHOllleHHlO K OAHOMY H TOMY )I(e ropony aaorna rrpHMeHeHO Ha3BaHHe pils, anorna - jelgava. HarrpOTHB, r. 3mrep csioeowielgava (jelgauw, Jaelgauw) 0603HaqaeT YKpeIIJIeHHbIH ropon (oppidum, oppidulum), a TaK)I(e caMH YKpeIIJIeHHJI HJJH rpynaonocrynaoe rrOCeJIeHHe (cas tellum; EIger G. Dict ionarium Polono-Lat ino-Lot tauicum, 1683, p. 217), HO He 60nl>WOH ropon (civitas, urbs) , KOTOPbIH Y Hero Ha3blBaeTCH liela pils HJJH pilseta.

KaK BHAHM, 06a aaropa, )I(HBlllHe H pafioraaunte B XVII B. B pasxsrx qaCTHX JIaTBHH (f. MaHI~eJIb - B Kypsexre (3eMrarre), f. 3JIbrep - B BHA3eMe H JIaTrarre), CJIOBO jelgava rrOHHMalOT no-pasaosry. ITOCKOJIbKY r. 3JIbrep 6bIJI JIaTbIlllOM rro HaUHoHarrbHOCTH H npexpacno snan narsnucxyio .JIeKcHKY (0 qeM CBHAeTeJIbCTByeT ceMaHTHqeCKH TOHKO HlOaHcHpoBaHHaH JIeKCHKa ero CJIOBapH),

He ssrasraaer COMHeHHH, qTO H 3HaqeHHe CJIOBa [elgava HM 6bIJIO rrOHHTO npanansHO. Hesreu r. Maauens TaK)I(e XOPOlllO anan JIaTbIlllCKHH H3bIK, qTO BHAHO H3 ero MHorOqHCJIeHHbIX COqHHeHHH, B oc06eHHocTH H3 CJIOBapH (1638) H C60pHHKa "Lettische Postill" (1654). CJIeAyeT 3aMeTHTb, qTO CJIOBapb r. 3mrepa 6bIJI aanexaraa rrOCJIe ero csrepra, a COCTaBJIeH B OCHOBHOM B 40-x ronax XVII CTOJIeTHH. CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO, 3TH HCTOqHHKH pa3AeJIHeT He3HaqHTeJIbHbIH npoxrexyTOK BpeMeHH. KaK )I(e MO)l(HO 06bHCHHTb pa3HHUY B rrOHHMaHHH omroro H TO-

ro )I(e TepMHHa /1,ByMH aaropasm? Pa3JIHqHbIM HCrrOJIb30BaHHeM CJIOBa B pasHbIX pakonax JIaTBHH? MO)l(eT 6bITb. OAHaKO l;{a)l(eTCH, qTO B CyruHOCTH pa3HHua He CTOJIb Y)l( BeJIHKa, OHa B03HHKaeT TOJIbKO npa nepeaone aa pasnsre APYrae H3bIKH HJIH npa rrOHCHeHHH narsnucxoro CJIOBa cpeACTBaMH npyroro H3bIKa.

OqeBHAHO, qTO rJIaBHbIM 0603HaqeHHeM ropona H TOT, H npyroa asropsr CqHTalOT CJIOBO pits (coote.liela pils, r.e. 3aMOK BMeCTe C AOMaMH B ero 6JIH)I(aHlllHX OKpeCTHOCTHX) HJJH CJIOBO pi/seta. RAPOM raxoro ropona HBJIHeTCH CHJJbHO YKpeIIJIeHHbIH, oxpaHHeMbIH 3aMOK. B rrpOTHBOrrOJIO)l(HOCTb 3TOMY CJIOBO jelgava AJIH 3mrepa CJIY)l(HT 0603HaqeHHeM aropocreneaaoro, MeHblllero ropona: nar. oppidum 0603HaqaeT YKpeIIJIeHHbIH ropon, HO He B COBpeMeHHOM 3HaqeHHH; B COOTBeTCTBHH CO CTapHHHbIMH TeKCTaMH, 3TO 6bIJIO, rro CyTH AeJ1a, MecTo, aaurauieaaoe sanora H pBOM. I'aiose H CJIOBO castelluIJ! CJIeAyeT rrOHHMaTb KaK YKpeIIJIeHHe HJIH YKperrJIeHHOe MeCTO B aecsr-ra rrf'ftMHTHBHOM anaseHHH - aaumuieaaoe aanosr H PBOM HJIH npocro TPYAHOAocTyrrHoe MeCTO (noCeJIeHHe B ropax). 0 TOM, qTO jelgava rro CBoeH BeJIHqHHe H 3HaqeHHlO 6bIJI BTOpocreneaasni ropon (roponox); ronopsr H nepesonsr sroro CJIOBa ua nonsCKHH H3bIK (miasteczko; miasteczko obronne) H COOTBeTCTBYlOruHe nepesonsr aa J1HTOBCKHH Jl3bIK B CJIOBape K. lIIHpBHAaca 1643 r., KOTOPbIH rrOCJl,Y)I(HJI OCHOBOH rrpH c03AaHHH cnosapa 3mrepa (miestelis; miestelis apginklus; Dietionarium trium linguarum, p. 169). OAHaKo H B rrepeBoAax aa 06a 3THX H3bIKa

rrOHHTHe 'YKperrJIeHHbIH, aauunneaasra' TaK)I(e npacyrcrsyer. ECTb JIH AJIH 310ro OCHOBaHHe B ceMaHTHKe CJIOBa jelgava? qTO nepaoaasansuo Morno npenCTaBJIHTb C060H aro YKperrJIeHHOe, resp. aauiauieanoe, MeCTO, rrpHqeM He HAeHTHqHOe TOMY, qTO 0603HaqarrOCb CJIOBOM pils?

ITo aauresty MHeHHlO, ApeBHHH jelgava 6bIJIa MeCTOM peJIHrH03HO-06pHAOBoro KYJIbTa (HJIH KYJIbTOBbIM ueHTpOM C caMbIMH 6rrH)I(aHlllHMH OKpeCTHOCTHMH) , xoropoe 6bIJIO OKpY)l(eHO rrpHMHTHBHbIMH 3aruHTHblMH coopy)l(eHHHMH - PBOM Hl1H aanosr, Hl1H npocro HaXOAHl10Cb B TPYAHOAocTyrrHoM MeCTe. (Cp. np.vrpes. 'CtNdharuHTa' H Ap:-aHrJI. ealgian 'sauiauiars'}.

KaK H3BeCTHO, CJIOBO elks B JIaTbIlllCKOM H3bIKe HMeeT ABa rJIaBHbIX 3HaqeHHH:

1) 'H3rH6','2) 'HAOJI'. KaK yxe yxassman B.H. Tonopoa, "qTO xacaercs ceMaHTH· qeCKOH MOTHBHPOBKH Ha3BaHHH B 6arrr., TO MO)l(HO AYMaTb 0 3HaqeHHH 'KPHBoii', 'KpHBH3Ha' (B rrpOCTpaHCTBeHHOM [ ... 1 H peilHrH03HO-HpaBCTBeHHOM CMbICllax)" (IlpycCKHH H3bIK. CJIOBapb. A-D. M., 1975, c. 74). CJIOBa sroro KOpHH HCrrOJIb' 30BaJIHCb AJIH 0603HaqeHHH MarHqeCKHX CHMBOJIOB; Cpo rrpoH3BoAHble, KOpHH. *(s)ker-'rrOBOpaqHBaTb, mYTh';- JIHr. kreTvas 'KPHBOH, COrHYTbIH': krive'krelva lazda vyrus j kUOPIf saukt i', krivis 'senoves Iietuviu dvasininkas'. Ha CBH3b

127

(j)elg- C elk-, COOTBeTCTBeHHO aa aapsapoaanne 3BOHKoro 11 rrtyxoro cornacnoro

B pacurapeaan KOPHJl B crroaax OAlfOrO H roro )l(e 3HaqeHHJl YKa3bIBaeT ynorpefineuuaa aBTopOM XVII B. POCI1HOM neHTl1nHeM <popMa Ha3BaHHH ropona B 3eMrane Jelkava; JIO cnOBO, no ero YTBcp)l(J],eHI1IO, na H3bIKe xypuref 0603HaqaeT TaK)I(e ropon aoofiuie ' J.

Msrcns 0 TOM, qTO cnOBO jelgava B J],peBHOCTI1 Morno 0603Haqan MeCTO ornpaaneHI1H xynsra, nOJ],TBep)l(J],aeTCH TeM 06cToHTenbcTBoM, qTO CO cnoBoMfelgavaB naTBI1H 06pa30BaHo nesrano Ha3BaHI1H xonMOB (xoropsre K TO My )l(e HaxOJ],HTCH nanexo OT coaperaeuaoro ropona Enraasr 11 sooouie OT KaKOrO-nI160 ropona}:

Jelgavas kalns B Typaiine, Karmuesmsa 11 Cennnnce (falgavas kalns), Jelgavkalns

B Penuensr (L VV I , 393) • XonM Jelgavas kalns B Typaane I1MeeT napannensnoe Ha3BaHHe Jelgas kalns, qTO euie pa3 nonrsepxnaer Mblcnb 0 TOM, qTO 3TH Ha3BaHHH He CBH3aHbI C ropOJ],OM (cp. xonMbI Elkas kalns B Cxyene, I'aaaese, Typnaae, Bennance}. 3J],ecb )l(e cnenyer YIlOMHHYTb Ha3BaHI1e Jelgavas krogs (krogs 'xop-era'; TaK)I(e Jelgavkrasti; krasti '6epera') B Jlaenyne - ua nepexpecrxe nopor y UepKBH, KOTopaH Morna 6bITb B03J],Bl1rHYTa ira CTaPOM MeCTe ornpaaneaaa xynsra.

B TO )l(e BpeMH 60nOTo 11 nee Jelgava B Heuase cxopee CBH3aHbI C xapaxrepac-

TI1KOH HI13KOrO, MOKporo MeCTa (: jelga '60noTHCToe MeCTO'). .

C I1cqe3HOBCHHeM J],peBHHx xynsros cnono jelgava KaK (aaunnneanoe pBOM, BanOM, TPYJ],HOJ],O(nynHoe) MeCTO ornpaaneaaa xynsra Morno nonysars 3HaqeHI1e rnofioro He60rrbllloro aauntuteunoro HJ111 yicpenneaaoro MeCTa, a TaK)I(e 3HaqeHHe ropornca, oxpyxemroro PBOM 11 BanOM, B J],anbHeHweM )l(e - H ropona soofiure. 3TO anasenae BbIllIJ10 H3 ynorpetineuaa B carry nexenarensnoa OMOHHMHH C Ha3BaHHeM ropona ~nraBa na 6epery Jlaenyne, 11 0606meHHoe anaxenae saxpenHJ10Cb sa cnOBOM pTtseta (pilsat s}.

***

Pe310MHpYH H3nO)l(eHHOe, cnenyer KOHCTaTHpOBan, qTO cnoao jelga Hero np0113BOJ],Hoe jelgava B TOnOHI1MI1Ke MoryT I1Men pasnoe nepsouasansaoe 3Haxenae, CBH3aHHoe nl160 C HI13KI1M, MOKPbIM, 60rrOTI1CTbIM MeCTOM, nl160 C H3- nyql1HOH peKI1, I1JIH )l(e C MeCTOM ornpasnenaa xyrrsra. TOqHO TO )l(e MO)l(HO CKaaars 0 TonOHHMax, 06pa30BaHHbix OT elkslelka; cp, 60nOTO Elka purvs: pexa Elkupis: xonr-r Elka (s) kalns 11 pouia Elku birze. Il03TOMY apxaaasr jelgfIJ!a'ropoJ],' I1nH aauiaurensoe MeCTO' 11 Ha3BaHI1e ropona Jelgava MoryT 11 He 6blTb CBH3aHHbIMI1 npyr C npyroja, a npeACTaBJlHTb C060H OAHOKopeHHble cnosa, pa3BI1BaBWl1eCH pa3JIHqHbIMH nyTHMI1. ECTb see OCHOBaHI1H CqI1TaTb, qTO 3TI1 cnOB3 HMelOT 6arrTHHcKoe, I1HAoeBponCHCKoe, a He rrl1BCKOe npOI1CxO)l(J],eHHe.

E.-H.

nPHHHTblE COKPAII(EHHH

Endzelins L, Hauzenberga E. Papildinajumi lin labojum i

K. MGlenbacha latv ieju valodas vardn]cai. RIga, 1934-1945. Fraenkel E. Litauisches etymologisches Worterbuch, I-II. Heidelberg=Got tingen, 1962-1965.

- Endzelins f. Latvijas PSR vietvardi, I, 1-2. Ri"gl[, 1956- 1965.

LEW

LVV

11 "S II'

cmga I~C atque adeo totius Curlandiae junctim ita dictae metropolis est Mitavia, quam

Curones lingua sua Jelkava, id est, urbern KC<T'E~Oxrw appellitant"; CM.: l.entilius R. Curlandiac quacdarn notabilia (1677-1680). - Acta Universitatis Latviensis 1924 vol XI

8 ., ,.,

p ..

128

M.-E.

Muhlenbach K. Let t isch-deutsches Worterbuch, erganzt und fortgesetzt von J. Endzelin, Bd 1 4. Riga, 1923 1925. Vanagas A. Lietuvos TSR hidronirnq daryba. Vilnius, 1970.

Vanagas

B.H. TonOPOB

r AnHH.Ilbl B 3AIlA.IlHOfi EBPOIlE

Fanannsr - eJ],I1HCTBeHHoe 113 113BeCTHbIX B HaCTOHmee BpeMH nneeaeu npeaHHX 6arrTOB, KOTOpOC upanano yxacrne B "BenI1KOM nepeceneuaa HapOAOB", aaxaa CBOIO Ml1rpaUHIO 113 npaponnasr euie aa necxonsxo BeKOB paasure. MarpaUHJl ranannon ocyurecrananacs B nayx pasnsrx aanpaaneanax: K IOrO-BOCTOKY

11 nosxe K ceBepO-BOCTOKY B OAHOM cnyuae 11 ua ior (HJ1H ioro-sanan) , rrOTOM K sanany H, HaKOHeu, na roro-aanan B zrpyroxr cnysae. B peaynsrare cnensr ranHHAOB (npexne acero orpaxcenae I1X I1MeHI1) 06HapY)I(HBaIOTCH aa orpOMHOM npocrpanCTBe Eaponsi - OT fieperos ATrraHTHqeCKOrO oxeana AO neCOB IloAMOCKOBbH. Y~TbIBaH, qTO HCTOPHJI rrOCTaBWIa ranHHAOB B acxnroxarensnoe nonoxexae cpena APYrHX nnestea fianroa, xapaxrepasyrouieeca KpaHHOCTHMI1 (car-to Ha3- aanae "Gal-ind- COOTHOCI1TCH, BI1/I,HMO, C fiarrr. "gal-as 'xonen', 'xpaa) 1 , H qTO

3TH KpaHHOCTI1 rrpOHBrrHIOTCH npexcne scero B rrpOCTpaHCTBeHHO-BpeMeHHbIX xapaKTepl1CTI1KaX aroro nrreM~HH (r~I1HAbI rrepBbIMI1 HapHAY C CYAI1HaMH ynoMI1HalOTCH Ilroneweesr - rO:ALVOO:L Ko:L kOVOLVOL III, 5 - yxce BO II B. H.3.; OHH HaXOJ],HJ1I1Cb na KpaHHeM iore 6anTl1HCKI1X ser-rens H oxaaarnrcs B peaynsrare MHrpsUHH na KpaHHeM soro-aanane 11 KpaHHeM cesepo-aocroxe Eaportsr; OHH nanee npyrnx 6anTHHcKHX nnesrea rrpoABHHYJII1Cb na tor 11, MO)l(eT 6blTb, 6bIJ1H

B 3TOM npennpasraa eAI1HCTBeHHbIMI1 11 ysce BO BCHKOM cnysae nepasrsra}, - ecrs Bce OCHOBaHI1H rosopars 06 0 C 0 6 0 M 3Haqemm ranI1HJ],OB B npancro-

pl1l1 11 paHHeH I1CTOPI1I1 6arrToB. "Hosoe" OTKphITI1e ranl1HAOB B 60-e .- ocofienao 70-e rOJ],bI naurero sexa noasonaer y6e)l(J],eHHO HaCTal1BaTb na TOM, qTO B naue ranaanoa HaYKa 0 ApeBHOCTHX 6anTOB aauma TO COeAI1HI1TerrbHOe 3BeHO (XOrenocs 6b1 AYMaTb, He eAI1HCTBeHHoe), finaronaps KOTOPOMY yCTaHaBrrl1BaeTCH 60JIee I1rrl1 MCHee aanexnas CBH3b Me)l(AY AByMH I1CTOpl1qeCKI1MI1 nepl10AaMI1 - TeM, KOTOPbIH MO)l(eT 6bITh BOCCTaHOBneH 11 nOHHT I1CKrrlOql1TenhHO qepe3 p C-

K 0 H C T P Y K U 11 iO rex I1rrl1 I1HbIX ero 3rreMeHTOB, 11 TeM paHHel1CTOpl1qeCKHM nep110AOM, 0 KOTOPOM MO)l(HO CY/I,HTb yzce no AOKYMeHTaM 11 C TOp 11 q e C K Or 0 xapaxrepa. Bsrecre C reM HOBbIe CBeAeHI1H 0 ranaunax fipocaror CBeT 11 ua I1CTOPI1IO COOTBeTCIBYlOmero apeana B ero 3THOH3hlKOBOM acneicre (OT lO)I(HOH Ilpl16arrTI1KI1 AO Kapnar}. HaKOHeu, ranl1HACKI1MI1 AaHHhIMI1 rrOATBep)l(AalOTCH 11 npOHCHHIOTCH nexoropsre MOMeHTbI I1CTOPI1I1 BecrrOTOB B I1X CTpaHCTBI1HX OT HI1)1(Hero Iloancnensa AO Ilapeneacxoro nonYOCTpOBa.

Ilpesoie qeM nepeiira K cnenara ranaanos na 3arraAe Esponsr, YMCCTHO B caMOM 06mCM BI1Ae nOABeCTI1 nexoropsre I1TOrl1 I1ccneAOBaHI1HM ranaanos B Ilearpansuoii 11 BOCTOqHOH Espone, r.e. He sanannee J1Y)l(I1UhI J.l He IO)I(Hee Kapnar", Haafiortee AOCTOBe pHhlMJ.l pe3ynbT3TaMI1 cnenyer CqI1T<lTb yCTaHOBJlCHJ.lC

I Cp. rencps: Nalepa 1. Pr oba nowej ctyrnologii nazwy Galindia czyli (lolrd; - Acta Bail tico-Slavica, 1976, t. 9, s. 191-210.

('1'.: Bununtiaxoe B.E., 311?O(JarOIi Il.B. Ilpczmapnrcn sru-rc 3aMcc;:mHff U sanaznu-rx ranaunax H BOCT04Holl ronsna. -- Slavia Occidentalis, J 963, vol. 23,1'. 233-267; Ceooe B.B.

9.3ax.136 129

rr p If C Y T C T B H H ranHHnCKOrO :mCMCHTa nanexo K 10 r Y OT I1CTOPH'ICCKOH I'anannaa, KaK CC orrpCnCJJHCT ,UlOc6ypr (SRP I, 51) , T .e , B rrOJTOCC rrOJTbCKO' xeurcxoro norpamon,s (nnepasre YKa3aHo K03CPOBCKHM), na CCBCPHblX noncryrrax Kapnar H CYncT, H orrpCLlCJICHIfC rr y T If ranaanon aa 10 r O-B 0 C T 0 K, npasenurero HX B ITOO'lbC H MOCKBOPC'IbC. IT C P B bI H PC3YJIbTaT nonrsepxnaCTCH npexne acero TorrOOHOMaCTH'ICCKHMH naHHbIMH - cp. MHOrO'llfCJICHHbIC '1ClllCKHC MCCTHbIC Ha3BaHHH, npennonar-arouiae COOTBCTCTBYIOIIICC Nom. propr., aanp. Holedec (LC. *Golgd-bcb, Adj. "Goled-scs-i», cp. *Holedcuv (dvur)), Holedecek, Holesice, HCM. Grob-Holetitz, Klein-Holetitz.Holeditz H r.n.; nJICMCHHOC Ha3BaHHC Golensizi, yrroMHHaCMOC EaBapcKHM I'eorparpoja OK. 870 r. B CBH3H

C rrarsio roponaxra aroro rrJICMCHH: Golensizi civitates, yrroMHHacMbIMH H BO BPOlJ,TlaBCKOH 6ynnc 1155 r.: gradice Golensiczeshe; ,o:aHHbIC npCBHerrOJIbCKOH OHOMacnlKH (cp. Serv(us) .. Golandin, 1065?/=Golfdzin/, Andream Golanda, 1458/=*Golfda/, Iohannes Golczino(w)sky,1443 H np.)« TorroHHMHKH(Cp.Golendzin, OK. Panoxra, Golqdkowo, OK. ITymYCKa, Cpo Golentkowo , OK. 124(),

de Golanthkowo, 1426, Golatkowo , 1576, Goledkowo H np.) , nossoraiomea XOTH 6bI B 06LUf1x '1CpTaX HaMeTHTb nyrs rro nHHHH Bacnsr OT npyccxoit ranHHJllfH ,0:0 rrOJIbCKO-'1elllCKOro norpannvsa; B03MO)l(HO, crpana Golanda, ynoMHHaCMaH ITaBnoM ,UHaKoHoM (Hist. Langobard. I, 1,2,3,7-9, 13) H nOMClIIaeMaH rneTO rr06nH30CTH OT :nHX )l(C MCCT3. B TOp 0 H pesynsrar KOHCTPYHPYCTCH aa OCHOBaHHH uenoii uenouxa TorrOHHMOB C 3nCMCHTOM "Galind-, THHYlIIeHCH OT IiCTOPH'ICCKOH ranHHJllfH (cp. Galynde, 1331, Galindien, 1345, Galinden, OK. 1400, H r.n., a TaK)I(e Nom. propr. Galindo y CHMoHa I'pynay) na IOrO-BOCTOK, B rtpaaofiepeacse ITpHrrHTH, nepen CCBCPHOH r paaauea BOJIbIHCKOH B03BbIweHHOCTH (Fonsiou«. rO/lJuJa), nanee na cesepo-aocrox sepea 6PHHcKo-opnoBcKHH apean (rOIlJlJICbe, BnOIlJlJICbe), B Iloosse H 6acceHH MOCKBbI (rOIlJlOb, Tonsuiu, rOIlJlOUHKa. rOIlJlOJlHKa, Foneounss; rOIlJlOUHbl oreepuocu, jJO(!OIlJlObl H r.rr.,

fll,lJ;POHIIMHlI ronana. - B KH.: Iliraaaa rip;poHiMiKII. Knin, 1971, c. 131-137; HenoKynllblu A.n. Barrro-ceaepaocnaaaacxae lI3hlKOBhle CBlI311. Kaea, 1976, C. 103, 145, 169; Tonopoe B.H. EarIT. "Galind- B JTHO-nIlHrBIICTII4eCKofi II apeansnon nepcnexraBe. -- B KH.: Ilpotiner-n.r 3THII4CCKOfi IICTOPIIII 6arITOB. Para, 1977, C. 121-126; all see. EarITllficKlIlt 3neMeHT K cesepy OT Kapnar: JTHOHIIMII4CCKalI OCHOBa "Galind- KaK 3HaK 6arITllfiCKOfi neparpepaa. - Slavia Orientalis, 1980, roczn. XXIX, N 1-2, p. 247-252;

all »ce. Tail/voal - Galindite - eonso» (6arIT. "Galind- B 3THOnllHrBIICTII4eCKofi H apeansHofi nepcnexrnae). - B KH.: 3THorpa<p1I4ecKlle II nllHrBIICTII4eCKlle acrtexrst 3THII4ecKofi HCTOPIIII 6arITCKIIX naponee. Para, 1980, c, 124-136; all see. Ilpeauaa Mocxaa B 6arITIIHCKOH nepcnexraae. - B KH.: DarITO-CnaBlIHCKlle IICCneAOBaHlIlI. 1981. M., 1982,

c. 3-61; all see. Tonancxaa <pOH panaea MOCKBh!. - B KH.: np06neMhI :nHO, renesa II JTHII4eCKofi IICTOPIIII 6arITOB. BlIllhHIOC, 1981, c.112-117; all »ce.

Golth escytha Hopnaua: K aonpocy 0 ceaepo-aanazuuax rpanauax pacnpocrpaae-

Hill! ApeBHIIX IIpaHUeB. - B KH.: VIn Koadiepeauaa no Ilpeaaewy BOCTOKY, nocaautennaa naMHTII B.B. CTpYBe. Te311chI AOKnaAOB. M., 1979, c. 91-96; all

»ce. Euie pas 0 Golthescytlia Y HOPAaHa (Getica, 116). - B KH.: Cnaaancxoe II 6arIKaH' cxoe ll3hIK03I1aHIIC. M .• 1982; 011 »ce. Ilpyccxua H3LIl<. T. 2 (E-H). M., 1979, c. 138-142,380-381. 3Aech lKe cnenyer HanoMHIITh "rarIlIHL\CKYIO" 4aCTh xnarn:

EpaYII tP.A. Pa3hICKaHIIlI B 06nacTII rGTO-<:llaBlIHCKIIX ornoureaaa, T. 1. Cn6., 1899,

c. 312-317. Cp. raroxc: Labuda G. Die Prusscn in den tschechischen und slowakischen Landern des friihen Mittclaltcrs. - In: Otazky ctejin Stredn( a Vychodni Europy. Brno, 1971. S. 19· ·24. Onnaxo MHCHIIC r. na6YAhI 0 TOM, 'ITO TorrOHIIMhl c 3neMeHTOM PrusB qexlIlI II CnoBaK1I1I 06bl!CHl!IOTClI :mcprll4Hofi nearensaocrsjo no nepeceneaaio npycCOB, noencraanserca BCPHbIM naurs oT4aCTII.

eM.: JipaYII tP.A. YKa3. C04.

cp. Tonsiustcue seunu B rpasrore 1474-1478 r., HC ronops Y)l( 0 JICTOrrHCHblX ynoxnmaanax ronxna B 1058 r. H 1147 r. - na ITpoTBe, a TaK)I(C 06 anrponoHHMH'ICCKHX naHHbIX -- cp. rOIlJlOOB, 1570, Mocxsa H nc) .

06a JTHX pe3YJIbTaTa, Ba)l(HbIe H caMH rro cefie, ocotioe snasenae MomH 6bI npaoopecra npa COOTBeTCTBYlOlIIeH rrpocTpaHcTBcHHO-BPCMCHHOH anrepnpeTaUHH H YKa3aHHH rrpH'IHH MHrpaUHH ranaanos H3 HX npaponaasr. B.B. CenoBbIM 6bIJIa npennoscena npasnononooaaa ranoreaa, 06bHcHHIOIIIaH rrOHBnCHHC rOJIHnH B Ilornrocxonse. ComaCHO 3TOH rHrrOTC3C, nepeereureaae 6anTHHCKHX nnCMCH H3 3ananH06anTHHCKHX 3CMeJIb B ITpHnHTcKOC ITOJIeCbC H CMe)l(HbIC paHOHbI Cpenuero H Bepxnero Ilornrenpoasa BbI3Bano nOHBJICHHC B 3THX MecTax B KOHUC II B. no H.3. 3 a p y 6 H H C U K 0 H KyJIbTYPbl, KOTopaH npnxsepno '1CPC3 nsa BCKa, K pyfiexcy I H II BB. H.J., nepecrana CYlIIccTBoBaTb, a ce HOCHrena-nponornxarena ycrpecranacs K BOCTOKY, paccenaacs B nenofiepexcse Bepxnero Ilnenpa, a rr03)1(C H B BCPXHCM Iloovse. MOIIIHHcKaH xynsrypa, B ocHOBHOM COBrranalOIIIaH C apeancss rOJIHnCKOH TorrOHHMHH, KBanHcpHUHpyeTcH KaK rOJIH,o:CKaH. 3Ta TO'lKa 3PCHHH ynasno 06bHcHHeT nOcne}J;H101O '1aCTb nyra ranaanos na BOCTOK, HO OCTaBJIHCT B. TCHH npH'IHHbI HCXOna ranaunos. To )l(e

B nOJIHO\f CTcrrCHH OTHOCHTCH H K acxony TOH '1aCTH ranannoa, KOTopaH }J;BHnynacs aa roro-sanan, Crporo roaopa, B naurer« paCrrOpH)I(CHHH HCT nanescnsrx . naHHbIX, '1T06bl rOBopHTb 0 )J.ByX ranHHnCKHX HCXOnax. BHJllfMO, npoiue C'IHrars, 'ITO CYlIIcCTBoBan C n H H bI H HMnynbc, KOTOPbIH nan aasano nByM rrpoTHBOrrOnO)l(HbIM no HarrpaBJIeHHIO nBH)I(CHHHM ranaanos. OKOH'IaTCJIbHOC peureaae aroro sorrpoca 3aBHCHT OT BbIHCHeHHH H YTO'lHCHHH xpononoraa C06bITHH B HH)I(HCM Ilonacnense H CMe)l(HbIX 06JIacTHx aa pytieace nayx sp. TIoKa )l(C rrpHXOJllfTCH npaoerars K ananoraasr, yxarsmaa, pa3YMecTCH, 06lIIHH 3THOHCTOPH'ICCKHH KOHTeKcT, B KOTOPbIH BXOJllfnH rannansr.

B nacroauiee BpeMH naafonee uenecoocpaansiv npenCTaBJIHeTCH npennono)l(eHHC, 3aKnlO'IalOlIIeeCH B TOM, 'ITO BHHOBHHKaMH napyurenaa paBHOBCCHH B HH)I(HeM Iloaacnense na pytiesce nayx TbICH'IeneTHH (no HailleH spsr H aaureii apsr) 6bJJlH rOT sr, nepecenaauraeca ciona B 3T0 BpeMH. B03MO)l(HOe npennonosceaae 0 porta rOTOB HY)l(}J;aCTCH, O}J;HaKO, B KOHKpCTH3aUHH, KOTOPYIO nocryrmsre.a nacroauiee BpCMH na~Hble obecne-orrs He MoryL B '1aCTHOCTH, OCTaeTCH HeHCHbIM COOTHOllleHHe TITOneMCeBCKOH H znocfiyproacxoii ranHHJllfH. ECJIH HCXOJllfTb H3 roro, 'ITO naa CBHneTenbCTBa, pasneneaasre naeaanuarsio BeKaMH, HMelOT B aany O}J;Hy H ry )l(e repparopmo, rorna B03HHKaeT, no MCHbureii Mepe, nsa nonpoca: 1) KTO sacenan I'arnrnmno nocne yxona ranmrnon (LC. finaronapa KaKoMY 3THOH3bIKOBOMY 3ncMcHTY 3Ta 3CMnH coxpaaana

CBOC Ha3BaHHC H CBOIO fieccrropno aanaznrooanraacxyio HOMcHKnaTYPY)?;

2) C KeM H3 sanannsrx fianros scrperanace rOThI B YCThC Bncnsr H B npane)l(alIIeH K HCMY C BOCTOKa 06naCTH, rne rOTbI OCTaBHnH HeCOMHCHHbIC CJIenbI csoero npefisraanaa? (CYM no BceMY, npyccsr B 3TO BpeMH KOHueHTpHpOBanHCb BOCTO'lHCC - CaMJIaH,o:HH H COCC/.UiHC repparopaa) • OTBCTbl Ha 3TH sonPOCbI noxa HnH HCB03MO)l(HbI HnH cnopasr. HaKOHeu, yxon ranaunon H3 HX npa-

. PO):{HHbl, CCJIH ero 06bHCHHTb rOTCKHM BTOp)l(eHJ1eM, He Mor HMeTb MCCTa paHCC pyfiexca nnyx 3P, a B 3TOM cnysae OKa3bIBaeTCH, 'ITO ranannsr He MoryT C'IlfTaThCH ytlaCTHHKaMH roro nBH)I(eHHH na IOrO-BOCTOK, C KOTOPbIM CBH3blBaeTCH 3apy6HHeUKaH xynsrypa, Hat{HHalOlIIaHCH no KpaHHCH Mepe sa BeK no aaiuea JPbJ. l1 TCM HC MeHCC HCKOTOPblC Ba)l(HblC nerana Ka)l(YTCH 6eccrropHblMH. K HX 'lHcny BO BCHKOM cnysae CJICnYCT OTHeCTH COOTHeceHHOCTb ranHHnCKHX rono-

131

130

HHMOB na rtpanofiepexcse I1pHrrHTH H na BOJlbIHH, C OAHOii CTOPOHbI, H nocrosnorepeaaacxoii ("rOTCKOii") apxeonornqecxoii KYJ1bTYPbl, rerteps Ha3bIBaeMOii BeJlb6apCKOii, C npyroii CTOpOHbI. I1oA06HO TOMY, KaK snexrenr *Galind- ofipaayer uerrs OT Hnxorero ITOBYlCJ1eHbH AO IT06Y)I(bf! Yl BOJ1bIHYl, rOTCKaf! sensfiapCKaH xynsrypa, CJlO)l(YlBIllaHCH B Iloraopse Yl B HH30BbHX BHCJlbI, co BpeMeHeM pacnpocrpanaercs na IOrO-BOCTOK qepe3 IT06Y)l(be na Borrsnrs. Bsrcxasaaaoe pansure MHeHYle 0 TOM, qTO na nyra OT HYl30BbeB Bacnsr K qepHOMY MOPIO MOrJlH ocenars He TOJlbKO repsrannsr, HO Yl aaxaasemrsre HX ABYl)l(eHYleM 6 a Jl-

T bI4, reneps MO)l(eT 6bITb KOHKpeTHo nOATBep)l(AeHO AaHHbIMH 06 3KCnaHCHYl anesreara "Galind-, HY)l(HO nonarars, qTO XpOHOJlOrHf! npOHHKHOBeHYlf! sroro srrexreara na BOJlbIHb Hepa3pbIBHO CBH3aHa C xpoaonornea paCIIIHpeHHH aa 3TH )l(e paiionsr aensoapcxoa KyJlbTYPbI, r.e, xoaeu II-III BB., sepoarno, xacranao H IV B. ECJlH ysecrs, qTO nexoropsre rraMHTHYlKH nenstiapcxoa KyJlbTYPbI (KaK, nanpasrep, MOrYlJlbHYlK EpeCT-TpmlIHH) paCCMaTpYlBalOTCH KaK caaayiotnee 3BeHO Me)l(AY senstapcxoa xynsrypoa I10MOPbH Yl HH)I(HerO Iloaacneasa,

C OAHOii CTOPOHbI, Yl qepHHXOBCKOii xynsrypoii Ilonaenpoasa, IlOAHeCTpOBbH, IlpYlqepHOMopbH Yl IlOAYHaBMI, C APyroH CTOPOHbIS, TO OKa)l(eTCH, qTO H sacrs cnysaes nOHBJleHYlH 3JleMeHTa "Galind- B Ilomrenponse TaK)I(e MO)l(eT 6bITb nOHHTa B CBH3Yl C YlX npaypoxenaess K C Jl e A y 10 IU e M y no speMeHH arany roro )l(e casroro ,lI,BH)I(eHHH. Ilpasna, TOrAa JJ:BH)I(eHHe K BOCTOKY npennonaraer yxce caMOCTOHTeJlbHYIO YlHHIIYlaTHBY ranaanos (BO BCHKOM cnysae, 6e3 yqaCTHH rOTOB). TaK HJIH HHaqe ecrs OCHOBaHHH AYMaTb,

qTO ua BOJlblHH HnH rne-ro no coceACTBY OAHa xacrs rarrHHAOB (BOCTOq-

HaH rOJlHAb) pasopnana KOHTaKTbI C rOTaMH H aanpananacs K BOCTOKY,

a npyras COXpaHHJ1a TeCHbIe KOHTaKTbI C rOTaMH H ABIfHYJlaCb ua tor (B .llaKHIO), a 3aTeM H K sanany. 3Ta B ropas sacrs rarrHH)J;OB caaaana CYAb-

6y, HeCOMHeHHO, C Be C T rOT aM H. Pa3YMeeTCH, ara TOqKa 3peHHH He HCKJllOqaeT H HeKHX "TpeTbHX" B03MO)l(HOCTeH. TaK, uanpnr-rep, HeJlb3H HCKJl10 qmb, qTO 06HJ1bHbIe OCTaTKH 3JleMeHTa "Galind- ua nOJlbCKO-qeIIICKOM norpaaasse, B qaCTHOCTH B CHJ1e3HH H nasce JlY)l(HIIe, MoryT 06bHCHHTbCH

CBH3blO C ApyrHMH BOCTOqHOrepMaHCKHMH nJ1eMeHaMH, CHAeBIIIHMH aanannee HH)I(HeBHCJ1eHCKHX rOTOB H H36paBIlIHMH 60J1ee 3anaAHbIH nyrs K rory. B 310M KOHTeKCTe OqeHb BepOHTHO, qTO nOMHMO BeCHOTCKo-rarrHHACKoro nOTOKa cyuiecraonan euie BaHAarrbCKo-rarrHHACKHH nOTOK (ecrs cBeAeHHH 0 npe6bIBaHHH B aaxane HaIlleH apsr OAHOii, "BOCTO'IHOH" , BeTBH BaHAarrOB K BOCTOKY OT HH)l(HeH BHCJlbI, npnsrepno TaM, me J10KarrH30BarraCb n03)1(e HCTOpHqeCKaH farrHHAHH), KOTOPbIH Mor CMeIllaTbCH C nepasn-r nOTOKOM B Ilaxaa, OTKYAa, KaK H3BeCTHO, BeCTrOTbI BbITeCHHJ1H BaHAarrOB. KaK 6bI TO HH 6bllO, HO ranaazisr BIll-IV BB.

He H36e)l(arrH ysacra pa3AIDIeHHH aa ABe rpyrmsr ("BOCTOqHYIO" H "3anaAHYIO", HJlH "BeCHOTCKYIO") , Ka)l()J;aH H3 KOTOPbIX HMeJ1a COBepIlleHHO pa3J1HqHYIO CYAb- 6y. YMeCTHO HanOMHHTb, qTO TaKaH )l(e cHTyaIIHH CJ10)l(HJ1aCb H y 60J1bIIIHHCTBa ApyrHx BOCTOqHOrepMaHCKHx nJ1eMeH (cp. rOTbI, repynsr, nasce fiyprynnsr HAP.) 0

4 Cp.: "Ilepecenenue repMaIlCKHX nne-rea K qepHoMY MOPIO HOCHrro CrrOJKHblR xapaxrep,

HapMY C 6blCTPblMH BoeHHblMH nepexonasra npoacxonano nocreneaaoe OCeAaHHe aa nycTYIOIu;HX HrrH OlleHb crrafio aacenenasix 3eMllHX MHpHblX nocerreaues. CpeAH 3THX nocnenaax nOMHMO repsraauea MornH 6bITb H HX cocena no lloaacneauo - seaenu H 6 a rr r sr" (CM.: Ky xapeutco /o.B. Bonsracxaa rpynna noneR norpefeaart H rrpofirresea T. aas. rorcxo-renancxoa xynsrypsr, - KC'HA, 1970, asm. 121, c. 57 -58).

: Cw.: Ky xapenxo /O.B. Moransna« BpecT-TpHlIIHH. M., 1980, c. 76 Ii Ap·

Cp.: Schmidt L. Geschichte der deutschen Starnme, 1. Die Ostgermanen. Miinchen, 1934; 132Schwarz E. Germanische Stamrneskunde. Heid.elben~, 1951', H np.

ECJlH BaH A a J1 b C K a H MHrpallYlH Morna 6bI XOPOIIIO 06bHCHHTb HCXO~ H nOCJleAHlIC sranst nBIDKeHlUl tcaxoji-ro qaCHI ranaunoa, TO npennonoxeaae

o pOJlH 6 Y pry H A 0 B B npOABH)I(eHHH ranaazios corrraconarrocs 6bI CO cpenHHM sranor-r MYlrpallHYl ranaanos - B rrOJlbCKO-qeWCKOM norpaaa-n,e OT aepXOBbeB BHCJ1bI AO 3JIb6bI H nanee aa roro-aanan (CM. KapTY) . Pa3YMeeTCH, qTO 06a 3TH rrpeAnOJIO)l(eHHH -- rHnOTe3bI, xoropsie B npaauane MOrJlYl 6bI nonneprrryrscs nposepxe C TOqKH 3peHHH npOCTpaHCTBeHHO-XpOHOJIOrHqeCKHX xapaxrepacTHK BaHAarrbCKoii Yl fiypryancicoa MYlrpaIIYlYl C ceBepO-BOCTOKa aa roro-sarrazi.

Bee, qTO CKa3aHO nsnue, - JIHIllb 06IlIaH cxesra aasansusrx aranos HCTOPHH ranannos , aa <pOHe rcoropoii B sroii 3aMeTKe paCCMaTpYlBaeTCH nexoropsni HOBbIH MaTepYlaJI, OTHOCHIUYlHCH K "a a n a A H bI M" raJIHHAaM. Xapaxrepno, qTO CBeAeHHH 0 ranaanax KaK cnYTHYlKaX H COlO3HHKax 'aecrroros OTCYTCTBYIOT AJ1H nepaona npe6bIBaHHH BeCHOTOB B Ilaxaa, Me3HYl, fpeIIHH, l1JIJIHPHH, HraJ1HH, r.e. TaM, rne HX rrperisraaaae 6billO, so-nepnsrx, KpaTKOBpeMeHHbIM, BOBTOpbIX, JIHIlleHHbIM COOTBeTCTBYIOIUYlX rOCYAapCTBeHHbIX <p0pM. l1 xorna, Ka3aJIOCb, car-to YlMH 3anaAHbIX ranaanon YlCqe3JIO CO CTpaHYlII YlCTOPYlH, OHO HeO)l(YlD,aHHO CTaJIO nOHBnHTbCH B apeane, KOTOPbIii npenensuo ynanea OT HCTOpHqeCKOii faJIYlH)J;HH - B I'annaa Yl oc06eHHO Hcnanan, rne CJlO)l(YlJlOCb BeCTrOTCKoe xoponeacrso. Ilpa 3TOM caasana HaYKe CTaJIH Yl3BeCTHbI rmuis OnHHOqnsre HMeHa - Galindo (HMH npennonaraaureroca BOYlHa B BeCHOTCKOM BOHCtee}, Prudentius Galindo (B sanaca 835-861 rr.) , O)J;HH H3 cocraaarenea BepTHHCKHX aHHaJIOB 7, xoropsre paccxrarpnsanacs cxopee KaK cnysaanocn,

(cp. <paMYlJ1HIO coaperaeuaoro acnaacxoro anropa XX B. Galindo), He naIQIUaH OCHOBaHYlii AJIH cxonsxo-nacyns cepbe3HbIX BbIBOnOB 0 "3anaAHbIX" ramnrnax. K CO)l(aJIeHHIQ, He 06paIUaJIOCb BHYlMaHYlH ua TO oxeas naxaoe 06CTOHTeJ1bCTBO, qTO cpena CnOABYl)l(HYlKOB CI'lD,a fisrrr I' a n H H A I'apcnac, ynarrbIii xoneiiunnc (438=4~9); cYIUeCTBeHHo, qTO OH 6bll Yl3 Aparoaa (G a I (n Garciaz, el bueno de Aragon. 740-751; cp.: eGa l i n d Garciez, el bueno d'Aragon. 3071 =3112) H BMeCTe C ApyrHMYl pbIIIapHMH npauren nOA 3HaMH Kasmeanopa (Desf adelante, quantos que y son, acorren la seha e a mio pd el Campeador. 742-743 = 753-

) / I / /

754 . Cp. eure: Alvar Salvadorez eGa lin d Garciaz el de Aragon, I a aquestos

mando el Campeador I que curien a Valencia d'alma e de coracon. 1999-2000b = = 2024-2026), a TaK)I(e 0 MOTYlBe nOKHHYToro faJIHHAOM I'apcaacosr Aparoaa (1955 = 2021) 8.

IlOJ1O)l(eHHe HeCKOJ1bKO Yl3MeHHJIOCb B uaxane 30-x rOAOB, xorna 06HapY)l(Hnacs HOBbIe npaxsepsr BeCTrOTCKYlX HMeH B Hcnanaa C 3JIeMeHTOM Galind- H urecrHa,u,IIaTHKpaTHoe 0) nOHBneHHe HMeH rana Galindus, Galin B Kaprynapna a66aTCTBa CeH-CepH3H (Saint-Sernin de Toulouse) Me)l(D,y 844 Yl 1200 rr., r.e. cnycrs, no MeHbIlIeii Mepe, TpH C nHIIIHYlM sexa nocne naAeHHH Tynyscxoro KOpOJ1eBCTBa BeCHOTOB (KCTaTYl, Yl YlMeHa rana Galind- Yl3 Hcnanan rrOHBJIHIOTCH B AOKy-

Cp.: Mi1 llenh off K. Deutsche Altertumskunde, Bd. 2. Berlin, 1887, S. 19; Forstemann F.-E. Altdeutsches Namenbuch. 1. Personennamen. Bonn, 1900 (2te Aufl., HOBoe H3A. - 1966), S. 591; Kaufmann H. Erganzungsband zu Forstemanns Altdeutschen Personennamen. Munchen-Hildesheim , 1968; Hoops I.Rcallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde, Bd. 2. Strassburg, 1913-1915, S. 304; cp. TaKJKe: EpaYII d).A. YKa3. cox., c. 252; Vasmer M. Beitrage zur historischen Volkerkunde Osteuropas. I. Die Ostgrenzen der baltischen

8 Starn me. - SBPAW, Jg. 1932, S. 642, HAp.

CCbInKH AaI!lTCH no H3AaHHHM: Menendez Pidal R. Cantar de Mio Cid, I-III. Madrid, 1908-·1911 (aropas HYMepallHH); Poem a del Cid in Auswahl herausgegeben yon Alwin Kuhn. Halle, 1951 (nepsaa HYMepallHH).

133

I ~

t-

o

I

o

I

o

+ I

I I

Kapra, Pacnpocrpanenas :3J1eMeHra "Galind- B Eaporte (aa <j:>OHe MHrpaIl,liH BOCTO'lHOrepMaHCKHX nnexien) .

1 - paCnpOCTpaHeHHe 3neM~HTa • Galind- 2 - reppwropua BecrrOTOB; 3 _ MaplllpYT necrro ron; 4 - Mapwpyr roTOB H ocrroroa; 5 - Mapwpyr 6yprYHAoB; 6 _ Mapwpyr BaHAaJIOB.

1 - rtp ycox aa ranHH,IlHH, 2 - nO,lJ,MOCKOBHaH rOJlH.u.b, 3 - "r'arraarn.r" nOJlbCKO~\(eUJCKOro rro rp anasn,a, 4 +norn. propr. • Galind- H3 CeH-CepH3H (Tynyaa) , 5 - nHpeHeiicKHe "raJlHHAbl",6 - HHlI<HeBHcrreHcKHe rOThl (1--200 rr. H. 3.),7 - OCTrUTbl (200-433 rr. H. 3.), 8 - BeCTrOTbl (200-375 rr-. H. 3.),9 - ocrr-orsr (433-471 r r. H. 3.),10 - BeCTrOTbl c 4191'.,11 - aecrr'orsr (460-711 rr. H. 3.),12 - 6yprYHAbl: a) 1 B. 11.0 H. 3. _ 2 B. H. 3.,

6) 3-4 BB. H. 3., B) 410-4331'1'.,1') 433-5341'1'.,13 - BaHAaJIbI.

II p H M e <t a H H e. Ha KapTe OTMe<teHbl He ace cnyxan nOlIBneHHlI sneweirra • Galmd-

B TonOHHMHH; npa lIOKarrH3311HH ornerrsnsrx TonOHHMOB H 04ep(}HBaHHH rpaHHlJ, "rarrHH.llCKHX" TepPHTopHH AonYCKaeTClI H3BecTHalI npH6nH3HTenbHocTb.

MeHTax Y)f(C nocne nanenas BeCTfOTCKOrO xopenescrna aa IlHpeHeH:CKOM norryOCTpOBe, r.e. nocrre 711 r.) 9. HapHp;y C paCWHpeHHCM reorpacpHH H xpononor aa anejaetrra "Galind-, HCKJ1l04HTerrbHo CYlUeCTBeHHblM 6blJ10 peaxoe YBem14eHHe qHcrra npasrepca H, HaKOHeu, TO, 4TO 3THM 3rreMeHTOM KO)J,HPOBaJIHCb He ronsxo HMeHa c06CTBeHHbie runt, HO H MeCTHble ofisexrsr. Bo BCHKOM crryxae HaJIH4HblH MaTepHaJI noaaornor 3. faMHJIbWery peKoHcTpYHpoBaTb ro r, "Galinds B 3Ha4eHHH 'raJIHHP;'. C aroro BpeMeHH, c06cTBeHHo, CTaJIO HCHO, 4TO nonofinsie rrpHMepsr He rorrsxo He crrY4aHHbl, HO H nonxnu paCCMaTpHBaTbCH KaK 3aKOHOMepHoe orpaxenae H CBHp;eTerrbCTBO coxpanenna cpena BeCTrOTOB OC060H 3THH4eCKOH rpynnsr 3arrap;H06aJITHHCKOro rrpOHCXO)f(p;eHHH - ranannon, xoropsre, BHP;HMO, HMerrH H CBOH repparopnarrsnue uenrpsr. KaK nonro B 3THX ycnosaax ranaansi MOrITH ynepxasar« CBOH H3bIK, CKa3aTb C onpeneneauocruo TPYAHO. Bo BCHKOM cnyxae, ensa na OH Mor nepexars BeCTfOTCKHH H3bIK, KOTOPblH cav, BHP;HMO, 6blCTPO KrrOHHrrCH K ynanxy, ycrynas MeCTO pOMaHCKOH pesa (06b14HO nonararor, xro K KOHUy I rsrcaseneraa BeCTfOTCKaH pe4b B I1crraHHH ylKe He 6blJ1a cnsuuna). Apaficxoe aropxeaae, aeposruo, ronsxo ycxopario npouecc YMHpaHHH BeCTrOTCKoro (H, MOlKeT 6bITb, rarrHHp;cKoro) H3b1Ka. Bnpo-rera, He acxmoseno, xro ranaunsr MOfJIH yrparrsss CBOH H3bIK eure rro nyra B Hcnamuo, coxpauas npa nOM, onnaxo, H3BeCTHylO 3THoKyrrbTypHYIO 060c06rreHHOCTb OT BeCTfOTOB 10. TeM He MeHee, He cnenyer C4HTatb 6e3Hap;elKHblM rrOHCK B03MOlKHbIX 6arrTH3MOB B HcrraHCKOH p;HaJIeKTHOH pesa rex MeCT, rne OTMellaJICH ocofienao rYCToH rarrHHP;CKHH

eM.: Sachs G. Die germanischen Ortsnamen in Spanien und Portugal. lena, 1932 (= Berliner Beitrage zur Romanischen Philologie, II, 4); Gamillscheg E. Romania Germanica. Sprachund Siedlungsgeschichte der Germanen auf dem Boden des Alten Romerreichs. Bd. 1. Zu den altesten Beriihrungen zwischen Rorncrn und Germanen. Die Franken. Die Westgoten. Berlin-Leipzig, 1934, S. 315 (= Grundriss der gerrnanischcn Philologie, II, I). Cp. raiosc:

Schwarz E~ Goten, Nordgermancn, Angelsachsen. Studien zur Ausgliederung der germ a-

10 nischen Sprachen. Bern-Miinchen, 1951, S. 44 HAp.

B HeA3.BHeM HCCJIe/l,oBaHHH H.-M. nHJI!! H Il, Kpesscpa (CM. HHli<e) paCCMaTpHBaeTCR cJTe/l,YIOIUaR aJIbTepHaTHBa: ynoTpe6JICHHe B sccrrorcnon HCnaHHH HMeHH "'Ga. lind- MOll<eT 06blICHRTbCR HJIH KaK "Erinncrung an die baltische Urheimat der Goten" (CM.: Forstemann F.-E. Op. cit., S. 591), HJIH KaK pe3YJIbTaT roro, qTO "Galinder den Goten auf ihren Wanderungen Iolgten " (CM.: Sachs G. Op. cit., S. 56). IlliJlb H Kpesicp C'lHTaIOT, 'ITO 3aKc H3 <j:>aKTa BCTpe'laeMOCTH 3JIeMeHTa "'Galind. ira nHpeHell:CKoM rr-ae nerraer BblBOA, KOTOPblll: OH "zieh t wohl e twas zu weit "

(S. 143); n03ToMY OHH, BHARMO, CKJlOHHbl npHcoeAHHHTbC!! K MHeHHIO $epCTe-

MaHHa.

135

CJIOH. Bo BCHKOM CJIYlJae, rOTCKHe aner-renrsr HCrraHCKOrO aasnca 06pa3YIOT 3aMeTHblH rrJIaCT, KOTOPbIH:, npasna, B OTJIHlJHe OT "raJIHHACKOrO" cneuaaJIbHO HCKanH. HaKOHeu, MOJKHO rOBOpHTb 0 HeKOTOpOH nponopuaa MeJKAY KOJIHlJeCTBOM OHOMaCTHlJeCKHX AaHHbIX 0 H3bIKe H KOJIHlJeCTBOM arreJIJIHTHB· HbIX JIeKCeM, ynepJKaBUlHXCH B H3bIKe-rr06enHTeJIe H3 rr06e)l()J;eHHOrO H3bIKa. Bee YBeJIHlJHBalOw,eeCH 'mCJIO repMaHI!3MOB B HcrraHCKOH H nopryranscxoa OHOMaCTHKel 1 3aCTaBJIHeT npennonarars nexorna 60JIee 3HalJHTeJIbHbIH rrJIaCT rOTH3MOB B HcrraHCKOM H nopryranscxoxs. TaKaH JKe (c COOTBeTCTBYIOW,HMH KOJIHlJeCTBeHHbIMH nonpanxaxm) nepcnexrasa MOJKeT OTKpbIBaTbCH H rrepen rrO!1CKaMH "raJIHHnCKHX" 3JIeMeHTOB B 3THX- H3bIKax, oc06eHHO eCJIH yaecrs, lJTO B aacroauiee BpeMH KOJIHlJeCTBO npar-repon Ha3BaHHH C aneMeHTOM *Galind- B C e B e p 0-3 a rr a n H 0 H I1crraHHH H Ilopryranaa nsrpocJIO rro cpaBHeHHIO C 30-MH rOnaMH MHO r 0 K p a r H 0 H lJTO xacrs HX COxpaHHeTCH no CHX rrop.

Ilanee 6ynYT npuseneau nannste, OTHoCHw,HeCH K 3JIeMeHTY *Galind-, KOropsre cofipaasr B nenaaaera "l1crraHcKo-rOTCKOM HMeHOCJIOBe" 11.-M. IIHJIeM H Il, Kpevepor«! 2 na OCHOBaHHH OlJeHb 3HalJHTeJIbHOrO lJHCJIa HCTOlJHHKOB (60JIbUlaH HX xacrs OKa3aJIaCb nenocrynaoa aaropy 3THX CTpOK). Ilepsoe lJHCJIO rrOCJIe Ha3BaHHH 0603HalJaeT ron, non KOTOPbIM 3TO Ha3BaHHe yrroMHHaeTCH; nropoe - CTpaHHUY HCTOlJHHKa; coxpauieuaa - nByX ponOB: onHH OTHOCHTCH K 0603HalJeHHIO MeCTHOCTH, rne OTMelJeH naHHbIH: rononmr, npyrae - K 0603HalJeHHIO HCTOlJHHKa, B KOTOPOM Ha3BaHHe 3a¢HKCHpOBaHO; 06a cnacxa coxpauienaa AaHbI B KOHue CTaTbH.

OC06hIH uurepec rrpenCTaBJIHIOT TorrOHHMbI C 3JIeMeHTOM *Galind-. Cp.:

JIeOHCK. Galende Za (927; SMC 207); rropryr. Gainde Bra, Ave, Gaindo Bra, Guindo Por., Guinddes Vis., Por. (?); cp. vfilla) Gaindanes1258; Inq 493a, Gaindos [casal dos r-] ib. 435b; aparoncrc. Galindonis [campus

de r-] 1093; DSR I 195. B xasecrse TorrOHHMOB ynorpefinmorca narponaMHlJeCKHe 4>oPMbI HMeHH (npnxrepsi 310ro pona anorna OTMelJalOrCH H

nanee K tory). Cp. acn. Galindo Bi2 Sa Se H Cc Cr, [Castel de ~] Te, [Fuente ;-] A (cy. KaCTHJIbCK. Galindo [Tor de ~ ]1110; CB 139); xaran. Castellgali B, Gali [S Joan de ~] Ge (cp. KaTaJI. Galinni[collo ~]1149; LBS1); 6aCK. Garindein (60JIee TOlJHO - Garindain), pasr. Garindaiie Pyr. 0r.13;,Hcrr. Galindos (Viejos y Nuevos) Mu, [Los ~] Cu AI., Galindillos

J, Galindez Bi Sg. Cp. TaKJKe CJIOJKHble ¢OPMbl THlIa Galtndobejar Sa, Muiiogalindo Av (cp. Muhopedro, Muiiosancto H np.), Galinduste Sa (Yuste"), Galisancho Sa (Sancho).

Becsxra MHOrOlJHCJIeHHbI H nOCraTOlJHO paanoofipaansr B cJIoBo06pa30- BaTeJIbHOM OTHOUleHHH JIHlJHble HMeHa C 3JIeMeHTOM "Galind-, Bo BCHKOM

11 eM.: Piel Ji-M, Os nornes germanicos na toponirnia portuguesa. I-II. Lisboa, 1936-1945; Kremer D. Die gerrnanischen Personennamen in KataIonien. I. Namensammlung und Etymologisches. - Estudis Romanies. 1969-1970, XlV-XV; ep. TaKlKe: Meyer-Lubke W. Rornanische Namenstudien. i. Die altportugicsischen Personcnnamen germanischen Ursprungs. - SBAW. Wien, 1904, Bd. 149; II. Weitere Beitriige zur Kenntnis der altportugiesisehen Namen.-Ibid., 1917, Bd, 184; Grienbergvon Th, Besprcchung von Meyer-Lubkes Romanischcn Naruenstudicn. I. - ZDPh, 1905, Bd. 37, S. 541·-560; Sachs G. Op, cit.; If np,

12 CM.: Piel l.-M., Kremer D. Hispano-go tisches Namenbuch. Der Nicderschlag des Westgotischen in den alton und heutigen Personen- und Ortcnamcn de, Iberisehen HaIbinsel. Heidelberg, 1976, S. 143-144 (112. GALlND-).

13 CM.: Gavel H. - Aetas III Congresso Est .. PiL, 1958. p. 45 et aI. 136

CJIYlJae, "rmpeneiicxaa" KOJIJIeKUHH necpasneaao fioraxe aananaobanraaCKOH:. Cp.: Galindo 913 AC 38, 1039 DRA 26 f., Cpo Galina (uxor Galinil) 1240 SC 1Il 481 (?); GaUndo(ne) 812 DA 1 125; 865 Chv 300; 875 DA II 108; 936 CSM 26; 948 CO 12; 970 CA 55; 987 LSM 15; 973 CIP 428; 976 DC 73; 995 DC 108;1017 (l030?) SSO 44; 1035 LBV 467 passim; 1045 CCL 218; 1074 CB 38'. 1138 CB 176; °comes s. IX NDR 123; [833] CDH 20 passim; 913 AC 38 passim; 982 CT 47; 1002 CDO 3 passim; 1035 DRa 8 passim; 1063 DSR I 7 passim; 1087 AN 215 passim; Galindo 924 CA 17; °Galinno(ne) 898 HGL V 94; 985 SC I 139, s. XI (?) NDR 371; 1036 DRa 12; 1045 ibid 61; 1080 DSR I 143; <Galindo 986 SC I 151; Gallino 961 AC 151; Galino(si) 1036 DRa 12; 1040 ibid. 34; 1098 NDR 485; Galindus s. VlI (Tarrasa) Viv 332b; 805 CT 26; 952 CSM 59; 965 CD 229; 983 CT 47; 1065 CMV9; 1125 CS54; Gualindus 984 SC I 134; Galendo 816 CD 389; Galendus 887 DA II 172; 910 ibid. 387;Galinde 975 LB 1; Galind 1066 LFM I 95; Galingo 937 AC 110; Gallinius 942 AC 116; Galinz 1055 DRa 125; 1063 ib. 183; Galin 963

SC I 57 passim; 973 CIP 428; 987(?) LRC 8, s X f. NDR passim; 1026 LFN 11 188; 1035 DRa 7; 1040 CT 70; 1067 DSR II 42; 1094 AN 226; 1097 CB 99; 1111 CT 117.

OC06blH paspan COcraBJIHlOr narpomoersecxae 0603HalJeHHH C anesrearOM *Galind-. cs . Galind-ez 943 CSV 39; 1048 CA 103; 1068 DSR I

8; 1099 AN 311; 1125 CL 128, s. XII CB; -oz 950 CAY 328; 973 CIP 428; 1085 LBV 589; 1098 AN 223; -iz 964 DC 56, s. X NDR 217; 1018 DC 146; 1019 LSM 55; 1036 DRa 12 passim; 1063 DSR II 7; 1068 DSR

I 9; 1086 CLP 227; 1087 AN 215; 1100 RDP III 44; 1102 AN 379,

s. XII CB; -ici 1026 DC 161; 1036, CL 128; -izi 1078 DC 336; -ic 1059 DRa 150; 1065 DSR II 22; 1066 DSR I 6, s. XI NDR; 1117 LSM 19-20; -er 1117 LSM 19--20, s. XII CB; Galendiz 952 DC, 38; 965 DC 229; 1027 TS I 54; 1080 CO 94; Galinez 1100 AN 334; Galindez 1063 DRS II 7; 1086 CLP 236-237; Gaindiz '1220 Inq 56; Gaaendiz 1298 Inq 558; Gayndiz 1258 ib. 673a; Galinz 1035 DRa 7; 1076 DSR I 26; Galind-onis 898 (Ribagorza) Mu 136; [922] CDH 26; 988 CSM 48; 1036 DRa 16; 1102 AN 377; Galind-onez 1065 DSR I 13; Galindones 922 CDH 26; 1036 DRa 16; 1065 DSR II 13; Galinnonis 1055 DRa 12; Galinnones 1045 DRa 221; 1065 DSR II 23; Galindonisf Galindone [927] NDR 220-221; Galindone 1102 AN 363; Galindi 1069 LB 19; 1111 CT 117-118; 1167 LB 134; Galin 1096

AN 241, s. XI CDO; 1111 CT 117-118, s. XII SC, LB; Caindi 1258 Inq 585b; Cainde ibid. 611b; Galindo 932 CSM 35; 1040 DRa 31; 1090 AN 218; 1098 AN 281, s. XI CDO.

Ilpasenemn,re snecs Ha3BaHHH, KOHelJHO, HYJKnalOTCH B OC060M HCCJIenOBaHHH H HHrepnperaUHH, Ho uexoropsie oc06eHHocTH YJKe CeHlJaC npHBJIeKalOT K ce6e BHHMaHHe. KaK H3BeCTHO, secrrorsr rrOHBHJIHCb aa IIHpeHeHCKOM rronyocrpoae B 415 r. OHH rrpOHHKJIH crena no cpenH3eMHoMopCKOMY nofiepezcsto, yxona OT npeCJIenOBaHHH ¢paHKoB. no aroro uenrpoxr secrrorOB 6bIJIa TYJIY3a, onnaxo B 508 r. OHa 6bIJIa aaxaaxena XnO)J;BHrOM, H secrrorsr cocpenorosanacs B nOBOJIbHO Y3KOH nonoce CerrrHMaHHH OT yCTbH POHhI no napCeJIOHhI. l1x ncrynneamc B Hcnaamo npennrecraosano npouaxHOBeHHe aa nonyocrpos aannanoa, aJIaHOB L! CBeBOB (409 r.), KOTOPbIC pacnpeneJIHJIHCb CJIenYIO!UHM 06pa30M: nannanu - B Beraxe, anansr - B

137

J1Y3HTaHHH H '1aCTH'lHO B Kaprpareacxoa rrpOBHHIUfH, CBeBhI - B faJIHCHIf (npaana, yxce B 429 r. BaH}J;aJIhl H anansr YllIJlH B Aq,PHKY). B 3THX ycJlOBHHX BeCrrOThI, xoropsre rro npaxone aa rrorryocrpoa enaa JlH MOrJlH BeCTH aKTHBHYIO 60Pb6y C HelJ;aBHO rrpoHHKllIHMIf ciona H ysce ycrreBllIHMIf OC~OHTbCH npaurerrsnasm, BhlHY)f(}J;eHhI 6hmH rrOCeJlHThCH B cesepo-aocrosHOIf Hcnanaa (cp. Castel de Galindo, B p-ne TepY3JlH). Bcnen aa yurenurnMH BaHlJ;aJIaMH H aJIaHaMH secrrorsr IJ;BHHYJlHCb aa tor, HO OCBoeHHe iora

H uenrpa I1crraHHH rrpOHCXolJ;IDIO Me}J;JIeHHO (cp.: Fuente Galindo, P-H fumKaHTe; Galindo, P-H Y3JlbBbI, P-H CeBHJlbH), H secrrorsr CTaJIH X03HeBaMH nonyocrpoaa rnnus K KOHUY VI B. npa J1HYBHrHJlblJ;e' 4. Ha q,OHe IJ;OBOJlhHO pelJ;KOH BCTpe'laeMOCTH TorroHHMOB C 3JleMeHraMH Galind- B ceBepO-BOCTO'lHOH, BOCTO'IHOH, IOrO-BOCTO'IHOH, IO)f(HOH, IOrO-3arraIJ;HOH H UeHTPaJIbHOH '1aCTHX rroJlYOCTpOBa, r.e , ua 60nbllIeH '1aCTH ero, nopaxaer BhICOKaH '1aCTOTa rrOHBJleHHH nora 3JleMeHTa B C e B e p 0-3 a rr a IJ; HOM yrny rrOJlYOCTpOBa, npexcIJ;e acero B faJIHCHH, rne IJ;0 secrroroa yxce 060CHOBaJIHCb CBeBhI (cp. TOrrOHHMhI Suegos , Su ego s, Puerte de Sueve H r.n, B nOH '1aCTH crpaasr). TorrOHHMhI Galind- H non. OTMe'leHhI B p-aax Opeace, Bpara, Ilopro, BH3ey, Caxropsr, CaJIaMaHKH, EHcKaHH, ABHJlhI, CeroBHH, Kacepec H IJ;p. B 3TOM CMhICJle faJIHCHH H csrezcasre 06nacTH asrcrynator KaK csoero porta "napeneiicxaa faJIHHIJ;HH", KOTopaH BrrHChIBaeTCH B 3THoTorrorpaq,H'IeCKHH KOHTeKCT I1crraHHH, cp. Catalania eCJlH 3TO Ha3BaHHe rrOHHMaTh KaK "Got- & "Alan-l ", H Andalusia, eCJlH B OCHOBe nora HMeHH nexorr * Vandal- (COMHeHHH HMeHHO B TaKHX 06bHCHeHHHX XOPOlliO H3BeCTHhI)' 6, He rosops

~)f(e 0 MH.orO~lHCJleHHhIX ronoaasrax C 3JleMeHraMH *God- (Godos H r.rr.) ,

Alan-, JVlllalan, Puerto del Alana H IJ;p.) , * Vandal- (Bandalieei, "Sueb-lrSuev-

H T.rr. Bo BCHKOM cnysae, O'leHb npasnononofino , 'ITO IfCrraHCKHe "ra-

nHHlJ;hI" nonsure acero CHlJ;enH HMeHHO B faJIHCHH, rne aa K p a H HeM ceaepo-sanane I1crraHHH H aa K p a H He H sananaoa OKOHe'IHOCTH Esponsr OHH OKa3aJIHCb B HaH60nbllIeH H30nHIUfH, euie paa peaJlH30BaB B HCTOPHH CBOIO cYlJ;b6y, OTpa)f(eHHYIO (H KaK 6hI npenonpenenenaym) B If X HMeHIf.

AC

AN

CA

CB

CCl

CD

CDH

CDO

ChV

CIP

CL

co

A - A1icante Av - Avila Bi - Bizcaya Bra - Braga Cc - Caceres

nPHHflTblE COKPAIIlEHHfl

MeCTHbIe Ha3BaHHSI Cr - Ciudad Real

Ge - Gerona

H - Huelva

0- Orense

Por - Porto

CS CSM CT

Sa - Salamanca Se - Sevilla

Sg - Segovia

Te - Teruel

Vis - Viseu

Za =Zamora

14 K BeCTrOTCKolt apXeOlIOrHH Hcnaaaa cp.: Zei(J.H. Die Grabfunde aus spanischen 15 Westgotenreich. Berlin-Leipzig, 1934.

MOJKHO HaIIOMHHTb, 'ITO "roro-anansi" ~blcTyrraJOT y 3pa3Ma Cre1I1IbI (SRP 4,

S. 275-298) KaK npennorraraesrsre npenxa npyccoa H lIHTOB'-IeB, BepHYBllIHeCJI nocne HeYAa'lHbIX KOHTaKTOB C PHMCKOlt KMrrepHelt B npH6anTHKY H CKaHAHHaBHIO. (cp.: Lituania < "~it-a~ania H T.rr.): Cp.: Jurginis I. Lietuviq, kildinimas i~

16 alanu ir herulu, - In: IS Iietuviu etnogenezes. Vilnius; 1981, p. 84-91.

Cp., aanp.: liluuiuapee B.(/J. Osepxa no HCTOPHH Jl3bIKOB HCrraHHH. M.-n. 1941 c.69-70. ,. ,

17 CM.: Menendez Pidal R. Origenes del espaiiol. I. Madrid, 1929, p. 532 et al.:

Piell.-M., Kremer D. Op. cit., et al. 138

DA

DC

DRa

DSRI

DSRII

HGL

lnq lBV

I1CTO'lHHKH

Martorell F. Udina EI Archivo Condal de Barcelona en los

siglos IX y X. Estudio crit ico des sus Iondons. Barcelona, 1951.

. - Arteta A. Ubieto. Colleccion diplornatica de Pedro I de Aragon y de Navarra. Zaragoza, 1951.

Serrano L. Cartulario de San Pedro de Arlanza, antiguo monasterio bendictino. Madrid, 1925.

Serrano L. EI obispado de Burgos y Castilla primitiva desde el s. V al XIII. Vol. Ill. Cartulario de la Catedral de Burgos. Madrid, 1936.

Villada Z. Garcia. Catalogo de los codices y documentos de la Catedral de leon. Madrid, 1919.

Ferreiro A. Lopez. Colleccion diplornatica de Galicia Historica , aiio 1. Santiago, 190 I.

- Gudiol A. Duran. Colleccion diplornatica de la Catedral de Huesca , Vol. I. Zaragoza, 1965.

- Duque A.J. Martin. Colleccion diplornatica de Obarra (siglos XI-

. XIII). Zaragoza, 1965.

Barrau-Dihigo L. Chartes de I'eglise de Valpuesta du IXe au Xle

siecle.-RevueHispanique 1900, t. 7, p. 273-389. /

Serrano y Sanz M. Cartu1ario de la iglesia de Santa Maria del Puer tojxantoiia). - Boletln de la Real Academia de Historia , 1918, t.73, p. 420-442; 1919, t. 74, p. 19-34,224-242, 439-455; 1919, t. 75, p.323-348; 1920, t. 76, p.257-263; 1922, t.80, p. 523-527.

Beida L. Sanchez. Cartulario de Santo Toribio de Liebana. Madrid, 1948.

Serrano L. Cartulario de San Vicente de Oviedo (781-1200). Madrid, 1929.

Ferotin M, Recueil des chartes de I'abbaye de Silos. Paris, 1897. Serrano L. Cartu1ario de San Millan de la Cogolla. Madrid, 1930. Garcia 1. Soler. EI Car tulario de Tavernoles. Castellon de la Plana, 1961.

- Floriano A. C. Diplornatica espanola del periodo . astur. Estudio de las fuentes documentales del reino de Asturias (718-910). I-II. Oviedo, 1949-1951.

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- De VicfVaissete. Histoire generale de Languedoc. Toulousa , 1840. 1879f.

Portugaliae Monumenta Historica: Inquisitiones. Lisboa , 1888f. Alvarez M. Lucas. Libra Becerro del monasterio de Valbanera.EEMCA, 1951, vol. 4, p. 451-647.

139

LFM Rosell F. Miquell. Liber Feudorum Maior. Cartulario real que

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celona. 1945-1947. ,

LSM Jusu~ E. Libro de RegIa 0 Cartulario de la antiqua abadia de Santillana del Mar. Madrid, 1912.

Mu - Munoz y Ribera D. Jesus. Los codices y docimentos espaiioles

de los siglos V al XII. Madrid, 1919.

NDR =Serrano y Sanz M. Noticias y docurnentos historicos del condado

de Ribagorza hast a la muerte de Sancho Garces III (aiio 1035). Madrid, 1912.

SC Rius Serra J. Cartulario de 'Sant Cugat' del Valles. I-III. Barcelona, 1945-1947.

SSO - Alamo J. del. (,ollecci~n diplomatica de San Salvador de Ona

(822-1284), I-II. Madrid, 1950.

TS Saez E. Turnbo de Sobrado. Madrid, 1978.

V iv Vives J. Inscripciones cristianas de la Espana romana y visigoda.

Barcelona, 1942 (I 969).

BJ/li. Be. HBAHOB, B.H. TOnOPOB

ApeBHepHMCKaH, npeanerepxsancxaa. OAHa H3 uenca HaCToHmeH pa60TbI -

A e M 0 H C T p a u H H 6arrTHHcKliX A3HHbIX, He TOJIbKO nozrrnepsoraroutax . H3- BeCTHoe H3 npyrax ApeBHHX TpaAHUHH, HO H BHOCHmHX aexrarro npaauartaansHO aosoro B xpyr Y)f(e H3BeCTHbIX <p a 1': niB , M H H T e p rr p e r a II Ii H 3THX AaHHbIX, corrpoaoxotaexraa, me 3TO B03MO)f(HO, P e K 0 H C T P Y K u He H 60- nee npenaero COCTOHHHH.

RAPO pa60TbI COCTaBJIHeT HCCJIeAOBaHHe 0 JIaTbIWCKOM IO M H C e - IO M H-

C e. II peAIIo'1TeHHe, OKa3aHHoe )TOH rexre KaK BBCAeHHIO B aecs xpyr npo- 6JIeM 6JIH3He'leCTBa B 6arrTHHCKOH TpaAHUHH, 6bllO BbI3BaHO PHAOM Ba)f(HbIX c006pa)f(llHHH (xamrsae fonsuroro KOJIH'IeCTBa AOCTaTO'lHO xopowo opraHH30BaHHoro MaTepHana - TeKCTbI AaliH H onacauaa 3THorpa<pH'IeCKOrO rana; orpascenae B HeM KaK paryansnoro, TaK H MH<pOJIOrH'IeCKOrO acrtexlOB; CBH3H C aHarrOrH'lHbIMI1 MOTHBaMl1Y)f(e OIIHcaHHbIX 'TpaAHl(HH; aarepec, 'IpOHBJIHeMbIH B nOCJIeAHee BpeMH B HaYKC K )TOH rexre, H r.n.}. TeM He ~eHee, TeMa IOMHca HHKaK He acxepnsraaer rrpofinesry 6rrH3He'leCTBa B 6arrTHHCKOH MH<pOJIOrHH H KyJIbTe. I103TOMY B 3aKJIIO'IeHHe npennaraerca xparxoe 0503Ha'leHHe HeKOTopbIX npyrnx THnOB OTpa)f(eHHH 6nH3He'lHOrO xynsra, 3a<pHKCHpOBaHHbIX npexcne ncero B JIliTOBCKOH H npYCCKOH TPilAHIIHHX (npa 3TOM cnenyer HMeTb B aany, 'ITO cnaBHHCKOMY 6nH3He'lHOMY xynsry, KaK OH OTpa3HJICH B ofipaae Cnopsnna, PaH H r.n., aaropsr YAeJIHJIH BHHMaHHe

B pafiore, nOHBHBweHCH B nesara AeCHTb ner aasan) . Bo MHorHX MeCTax HaCTOHllleH pa60TbI 06CY)f(Jl;aeTCH nonpoc 0 COOTHoweHHH H CBH3HX Me)f(Jl;y 6nH3He'lHbIM MH<pOM HOC HOB H bI M MH<pOM, peKOHCTpYHPyeMbIM B pane HCCJIeAOBaHHH aBTOpOB. Pa3YMeeTCH, rrpennaraesraa CTaTbH He MO)f(eT rrperenAOBaTb aa peurenae BceH rtpofinexrsr 6nH3He'leCTBa B 6arrTHHCKOH MH<ponOrHH, HO 0603Ha'leHHe OCHOBHbIX sepr ee H YKa3aHHe HHAoeBponeHCKHX OCHOB 6arrTHHCKOH6nH3He'IHOH cxesrsr, HeCOMHeHHO, BXOAHT B ee 3aAa'IH.

K npOI>nEME JITIIl. JUMIS H BAJITHMCKOrO BJIH3HEQHOro KYJIbTA

MHOrO'IHCJIeHHbIe HCCJIeAOBaHHH np06neMbI 6nH3He'leCTBa B MH<ponorn'leCKOM, paryansaoxr H COlUfanbHo-aHTponOnOfH'IeCKOM acnexrax, OIIHpaIOmHeCH aa MaTepHanbI CaMbIX pa3HbIX TpaAHl(IfH Craporo If HOB oro CBeTa, He TOnbKO YCTaHOBHnH 6eccnopHYIO Ba)f(HOCTb 310H npofiner-n.r H ee rny60KO pa3BCTBrreHHbIC CBH3H C l(errbIM KOMIIITeKCOM npyrax npofinest, 0 '1eM pansme 06bI'lH0 naxe He nOA03peBanH, HO H rroaaonana BCKPbITb TaKHe aaayarrHpOBaHHbIC OTHOllleHHH 6nH3He'lHOH MI1<ponOrnH If COOTBeTCTBYIOmero xynsra, 'ITO B03HHKrra He06xoAHMOCTb CHOBa 06paTHTbclI K npofirresie 6rrH3He'leCTBa B H H A 0 e B p o n e H C K 0 H nepcnexraae C TeM, '1To6bI nars ee C If HT e T If 'I e C K 0 e accnenoaaaae, xoropoe caerro 6bI BOeJ],HHO paaaoponasre A3HHbIe If npennonarano 6bI p e K 0 H C T P Y K u If IO IfCXOAHbIX <PO pM 6rrH3- He'lHOrO MH<pa If xynsra, Ilna ocymecraneaaa 310H 3aAa'IH He06xoJ],HMO npensaparensaoe H3Y'leHHe B CBCTe HOBbIX IfAeH H AOCTH)f(eHHH AaHHbIX 0 TP, en b H bI x IfHAoeBponeHCKHX rpananaa, Ho HMeHHO B 3TOM OTHomeHHH accncnoaarens CTanKHBaeTCH C 60nbWHMH rraKYHaMH, npH'IeM, KaK sro HH CTpaHHo, B CBH3H C TeMH MH<pon03TH'IeCKHMH TpaJ],Hl(HHMH, xoropsre MO)f(HO OTHeCTH K 'lHCJIy )f( H B bI x, ao-rrepasrx, If naafiorree 60 r a r bI x, BO-BTOPbIX. Ilpexcne acero pexs HAeT 0 6arrTHHCKOH H CJIaBHHCKOH TpaJ],Hl(HHX, KOropsre coxpaamor 6omwoH H pa3Ho06pa3HbIH (MHorOYPOBHeBbrn) MaTcpHarr no 6nH3He'lHOMy xyrrsry, HO 3TOT MaTe paan cofipaa nanexo He norrHOCTbIO

H, rnaanoe. He npoaaanaaxpoaaa HaAJIe)f(alllHM 06pa30M. B pe3YJIbTaTe HeAOCTaTo'IHoro BHHMaHlHI K 310H rrpofirre ste CJIO)f(HrrOCb npencranneaae 0 TOM, 'ITO 6arrTO-CJIaBHHCKHe p,aHHbIe cyuiecrsemro YCTynaIOT MaTepHanaM TaKHX xopouro H3Y'leHHbIX TpaJ],Hl(HH, KaK ApeBHlIH HHAOHpaHCKaH, rtpeanerpexecxaa, 140

.", '" '"

Tejaa narsnncrcoro IOMHca CJIo)f(Ha, HO BMeCTe C TeM H BCCbMa nepcnexTHBHa BCJIeACTBHe optaHH'IeCKOrO CO'leTaHHH B HeH KaK paryarrsao-erarponorH'IeCKHX H <ponbKrropHO-nOJTH'IeCKHX, TaK H 'lHCTO H 3 bI K 0 B bI X acrtex-

TOB. I1pH 3TOM, Y'IHTbIBaH cyurecrnyioutee CeH'IaC B HaYKe COOTHOlliCHHe

<paKTOPOB, CBH3aHHbIX C IOMllCOM, uenecoofipaano C'lHTaTb, 'ITO HMCllliO 1I3blKOBbIe AaHHbIe OTKpbIBaIOT KpilT'IaHlIIHH nyrs K BBep,eHHIO B' H36paHHYIO rexsy.

B xpyre npofinexr, CBH3aHHbIX C nrur. Jumis=jumis, MO)f(HO asinemm, raxae, xo ropsre TaK HnH HHa'le COOTHeceHbI C caMHM JTHM narsnncxusr CJIOBOM Hero 3THMOnOfHeH, H nescaunre nansure OT CpaBHHTenbHO-HCTOpH'IeCKOH npofinexraraxa aonpocsr 6 JI H 3 He 'I H bI X (H -- urape - AyanHCTH'IeCKHX) npeACTaBneHHH, xoropsre C 3THM narsnucxaxr MH<ponOrH'IeCKHM 06- pa30M COOTHeCCHbI CeMaHTIl'IeCKH. B AaHHOM cnyxae I1crreC006pa3Ho aaxars c 60nee oseaanaoro 3THMOnOrH'IeCKorO nnaaa,

3THMOJIOrHH JITlII. jumis 'ABOHHOH nnon, ABa CPOClIIHXCH BMeCTe nnona, ~OHHOH opex, .lUIOHHOH xaprorpens, ABOHHoe H6nOKO, ABOH'IaTKa' (3aCBHAC' TeJIbCTBOBaHO y aaropos XVII B. H n03AHee) I , Jumis - Ha3BaHHe MH<P0JIO-

t eM.: Neuland L. Jumis, die Fruchtbarkeitsgottheit der alten Let ten. - Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis. Stockholm Studies in comparative religion, 15. Stockholm, 1977, S. 13 It al. (TaM lKe neransaaa }lCTOp}lH aonpoca }I nwreparypa). 06croHTenhHoe }I BecbMa

141

rHqCCKOrO cymecraa, CBR3aHHOrO C CCITbCKOX03HHCTBCHHbIM lUIKITOM, - aatJliHaR C <l>HKa (1890 r.}, HCKaJ1H B Harrpa3ITCHHH cpaBHcHHH C np-nan. yama'6ITH3HCII'. Pa3BHBaH Ha6mop,cHHc Ilenepcena 2 0 B03MOll<HOM OTpall<CHHH B ITTllI. jumis (B OTJlH'lHC OT Cp.-HpIT. emuin '6ITH3HCIIbI') paaaeaanoeaponeaCKOH PCP,YKIIHH rrracaoro, aro CITOBO corrOCTaBHIT C aBCCT. Yima 'EITH3HCII' p,p.-HCIT. Ymir, MH<pOITOrHqCCKHH repoii HMUP « nparepsr. *jumiiaz < H.-C.' *ie m(i)j6 s), IT ar . imago '06pa3' rIOHTCpT, p,aBllIHH H TOHKHH CCMaHTHqCCKHH aHaITH3 BCCX 3THX CITOB3.

HCCMOTPH aa rrOMCp)!(KY MCHC, ara TOqKa 3PCHHH finaronapx aBTopHTCTY 3Hp,3CITHHa, asrcxaasrsaaureroca rrpOTHB <pOHCTHqCCKOH BCPOHTHOCTH pa3BHTHH ITTllI. jum- < *joln- B cryneua PCp,YKIJHH H nporas CCMaHTHqCCKOH CTOponsr CPaBHCHHH4, no CHX rrop OCTaCTCH P,HCKYCCH·OHHOH. KaK TaKOBYIO ee

nsrcxaaana B KaqCCTBC ITHllIb Op,HOH H3 nayx B03MO)!(HbIX 3THMOITOrHqCCKHX ansrepnaraa H 11. HCHITaHp, B Hcp,aBHcH cneuaansnofi MOHorpa<pHH 063TOM MH<pOITOrHqCCKOM ITaTbIlllCKOM HMCHH5. 3TOT rHrrcpKpHTHIJH3M nsrasan cnpaBCiJlIHBCHllICC OCY)!()J,CHHC B. WMJip,a, aepaysuferoca K 3THMOITOrHH rIOHTCpTa6, HO HC npennoaorsurero BCCX TCX p,OBOnOB, KOTOPbIC B HaCTOHmCC BpCMR MO)!(HO rrpHBCCTH B ee nonsay. 1l0:noMY CITCnyeT paccvrcrpera HX neransno.

KaK rr03BOITHlIH YCTaHoBHTb HCTOPHKO-<poHOITOrHqCCKHC HcerrCnOBaHHH rrocnennero B peMCHH, ITTllI. Jumis <poHOITOrHqCCKH TOqHO COOTBCTCTBYCT rpyrrrrc, pop,CTBCHHOH HHnOHpaH. yama- '6ITH3HCII,7. B 6arrTHHCKHX CITOBaX aroro THrra, K KOTOPbIM OTHOCHTCH ITHT. upe, ITTllI. upe 'pexa', HaqarrbHbIM: CITor ConCp)!(HT u, BOCXOAHmCC K HHnOCBporrcHcKoMY penyuapoaaanovy rrracaoxry (*0) B n03HIUiH MClI<,I:I;Y ITapHHraITbHbIM *H H/HITH COHaHTOM H errcnYIOIIIHM cornacasrr-r liITH rpynnoa cornacasrx". B qaCTHOCTH, rrpC,IJ.JlO)!(CHHOC na ocHOBaHHH )ToM: 3aKoHoMcPHOCTH conOCTaBITCHHC wumpnis 'xneonaa ness' C

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= Konpwv 'nsrrpefinax HMa) 1 I, 'ITO COOTHOCHTCH C paryansnoa POITbIO XCT. !Jappina 'ne-n,', 'nnasor nexa' KaK cnocotia yHHqTO)!(CHHH BCmCCTBa, KOTOPOC nepenaerca "pnryansao 'lHCTOMY" »cpeuy HITH UapIO, 6pOcaIOmCMY BCmCCTBO B ness: LUGAL-us ha-ap-pi-e-ni p{-eS-si-e-iz-zi 'Ilaps B nnasra rrCtJH fipocaer'

(Bo 2866 Vs. fIlq; ~ 4_15)12. su-up-pf-is LOSANGA ~a-ap-pf-e-ni- p(eUi-e-izzi 'paryansao rmcTbrn lI<peu B nnaxra rrctJIi fipocae'r' (TaM )!(C, nr 11-12; 18-19); C 3THM cornacye rcs H paryansnaa POITh !;tappina B CPC,lJ;HCXCTTCKOM TCKCTC apXaHqCCKOH BOCHHOH npacara: na-as-ta GAB. LAL uzu I. UDU-

x / / •

ia I. NA QA. Tl. ;)U NU da-a-i na-as-ta ha-ap-pi-na pi-es.si-ja-az-zi ... nu-us-

rna-as uzu SA MUN-an I. NA QA. Tl. SUo NU da-a-i na-at !Ja-ap-pf-na pi-eHiia-zi 'Ilorost OH KITap,CT HM B PYKH BOCK H 6apaHHH )!(HP H 6pOcaCT (oro) B ~nrraMH rrctJH (osara) ... nOTOM OH KITanCT HM B PYKH CYXO)!(HITHH H COITb

nonno lloKYMeHTHpOBaHHOe HCCrrellOBaHHe II. Hcanann, K KOTOPOMY npanoxena csoero pona aHTonOrHJI TeKCTOB 0 IOMHCC, nenaer npaKTH'IeCKH Heo6J13aTerrhHhIM o6pauteaae K HCTOpHH H3Y4eHHJI IOMHca. TeM He MeHee uenccooepasao Ha3BaTh HeCKOnhKO BalKHhlX )J.l1J1 csoero BpeMeHH pa60T: Bonsrep 3.A. MaTepHaJIhI )J.l1J1 3TI10rpa<pHH narsuncxoro nneMeHH BHTe6cKoII rytiepnna, '1.1, Cn6., 1890, c. 81-87; Ozolilis D. Jurnis. - In: Etnografiskas siv-as par latweescheern, 1892; Meillet A. Lettone Jumis. _. Studi baItici, 1931, I, p.115 ct al.; Adamovics L. Jumis latviesu folklorfi. - Rakstu krajums, 1940, 23A; Idem. Der Acker und sein Ertrag in der altlettischen Volksuberlieferung. - In: Convent us primus historicum BaIticorum Rigae 16-20.8.1937. Actae et relatae. Rigae, 1938; Smits P. Latviesu mitologija, Riga, 1935; Idem. Latviesu tautas ticejumi, 1. Riga, 1940, I. 739-743; Jdem. Jumis. - In: Latviesu tautas teikas un pasakas; 1969, XIII; H IIp. - HHlKe narsnucxae TeKCThI 0 IOMHCC )I OCHOBHOM UHTHPYIOTCJI no KHHre II. Heanann.

2 CM.: Pedersen H. Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen, Bd. 1. Gottingen, 1909, S. 175; nG3lKe cp.: Trautmann R. Baltisch-slavisches Worterbuch. Gdttingen, 1923, S. 110 et al.

'CM.: Giintert H. Der arische Weltkdnig und Heiland. Bedeutungsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen zur indo-iranischen Religionsgeschichte und AItertumskunde. Halle (Saale), 1923, S.334, 337, 364, 370, 376. - Cp-apn. emuin '6nH3HeUhl' HYlK,IJ,aeTCJl He ronsKO B 3THMOrrOrn'leCKOM KOMMeHTapHH, HO H B YKa3aHHH MH<pon03TH'IeCKorO KOHTeKcra sroro cnoaa B apxaasaoa HpmlHncKolt TPa)lHUHH. CBJl3h c TeM lKe xopaesr, KOTOPhIlt orpaxcea B np.-HHll. yama-, asecr. yama-, nTW. jumis, 6hma YCTaHOBneHa .!J;JlJl IIp.apn , emain '6nH3HeUhI' ewe B npOIIlJIOM aexe P. Typaenaenose (KZ 32, 1893, 566: c6nHlKeHHe c nar. aemulus 'copeBHYIOIJJ;Hlt/CJl/, He YCTYIIlIIOIJJ;Hlt, pasHhllt, nOllo6Hhllt'

H T.n. - H3 *ad-yemo-lo-). He MeHee cyweCTBeHHO, '-ITO 3TO cnOBO BXOllHT B COCTas 0603Ha'leHHJI cronausi npeannx Jl3hI'IeCKHX npaaarenea HpnaH)lHH Emain Macha (cp. HprraHnCKYIO ronorparpasecxyio nereany 0 "rpex Maxa", rpex cocennnx reorparpaseCKHX 06beKTaX na iore OrrhCTepa/Ulster/, CTpaHhI yrr3110B, - Mag Macha, Emain Macha, Ard Macha, CM.: Dumezil G. "Trio des Macha". - RHR 1954, t. 146, 5-17; Idem. My the et Epopee. Paris, 1968, 602, 609s.). Cnoso lKe Macha YKa3hIBaeT aa MOTHB 6rrH3He'leCTBa-nOll06HJI He ronsxo B CBeTe ero 3THMOnCi1fH, HO H B cIOlKeTe, rile npexpacaas IOHaH lKeHIJJ;HHa no HMeHH Maxa, BhlHYlK,IJ,eHHaH 6epeMeHHolt Y'IaCTBOBaTh

B cop e B HOB a H H H, 06rOHJlCT KoponeBCKHX xonea, HO YMHJlaeT cpasy lKe nocrre sroro, npexneapesseaao ponas napy 6nH3HeUOB - MaJIh'lHKa F{, H neaonxy Fial (COOTB. -. 'HCTHHHhIII' H 'CKpOMHall'), cp. nerenny 0 "Henyre yn3110B" (Harleian manuscript 5280. British Museum, XV B., cp. 53b), PYCCKHlt rrepeaon B KH.: HpnaanCKHe carn. Ilepeaon A.A. CMHpHoBa. M.-II., 1961, C. 35-37. OJlHH H3 BapHaHTOB noro CIOlKeTa H3BeCTeH no anrno-aopscaancsoa n03MC MapHH <DPaHUY3CKOlt /XII B./

o IIaHBaJIe. HMeBwelt B CBOIO oxepem, PJlll npollorrlKeHHlt H nepenenox. Jlereana

lKe 0 "rpex Maxa" orpascaer, no llIOMe3H1TIO, TpeX'-I1TeHHYIO cxesry COUHaJIhHhIX <PYHKUHlt.

4 CM.: MUhlenbachs K. (Endzellns J). Latviesu valodas vardnIca, 1, Riga, 1925 -1927 ,

1.117-118.

142

5 CM.: Neuland L. Op. cit., S. 18.

6 Schmid W.P. Lett. Jumis, eine sprachwissenschaftliche Nachpriifung. - In: Humanitas religiosa. Festschrift f'iir H. Biezais dargebracht von Freunden und Kollegen. Stockholm, 1979, S. 261-267.

7 Heanoe B.B. Ilpotine.sra npOHCXOlK,lJ,eHHlI u B Ha'l31JhHOM CHore B 6arrTHltCKoM B CBeTe 3THMOnOrH'IeCKHX nanasix. - B KH.: DaJITO-CrraBJlHCKHe 3THOJl3hlKOBhle KOHTaKThI. M., 1980, c. 77 -90 (B llaJIhHeltweM coxpauteaao: 3THM.).

SCM.: Stang Chr. S. Erganzungsband. Register, Addenda und Korrigenda zur Vergleichenden Grammatik der Baltischen Sprachen. Oslo - Bergen - Trornse ,1975, S.45.

9CM.: HBaHoB B.B. YKa3. C04., C. 78-·81.

10 HBCHOB B.B. K MH<ponOrH'IeCKoMY HCTorrKOBaHHIO oznroro H3pe'leHHJI I'epaxnara. - B KH.: CTpYKTypa TeKCTa - 8 I. M., 1981, C. 62 ·-63.

I I CM.: Robertson D.S. - In: Proceedings of Cambridge Philological Society, 1938, vol. 69-70, p. 10; Mypaesee CiH. - BeCTHHK n:peBHell HCTOPHH, 1974, NQ 4 c.209, NQ XIX; 1975, NQ 1, c.35-36. Ilonsayesrcx cnY'IaeM npHHeCTH 6rrarollapHocTh C.H. Mypaase-

By 3a 06CYlK,IJ,CHHe rpe'lCCKHX TeKCTOB. {; ,? _. • • •

12 eM.: Haas v.. wdfler M. Bernerkungen zu tlesh!a. I Ted. - In: Ugarit-Forschungen,

1976, Bd.6, S.98, cp. TaM lKe IZI "orons' B aH31JOrn'IHOM KOHTeKCTe.

143

B3aHMHbIM AapCHl1HM (OT CCnbCKOX03HHCTBCHHOrO 60)!(ccTBa 3CMJICACnbL\Y H 06paTHO) H 6narOAapCHl1HM, MO)!(HO npnaaars OTpa)!(alOlIUIMH AOCTaTOlJHO APCBHl1C OC06CHHOCTH xynsra IOMHca. Ho OC06bIH HHTCpCC naTbIlIICKOH naPOAHOH rrCCCHHOH TpaAHL\HH 3aKnlOlJaCTCH B TOM, lJTO B HCH COXpaHCHbI H COrrpH)!(CHHbIC C JTHM xyrrsrow lJCpTbl CC30HHOH L\HKJIHlJHOCTH H apxaaneCKOro CIO)!(CTa rr p C C n C A 0 BaH H H H rr n C H C H H H 60)!(CCTBa.

IOMHC rrpCACTaBITHCTCH crrHlIUIM na rrpOTH)!(CHl1H BCCro norrroro nera .. )1.0 coopa yposcaa, C KOTOPblM ero COOTHOCHT. B rrCCHHX, BorrpOCHOH tlJopMOH HarroMHHalOlIUIX apXaHlJCCKYIO 3araAKY, asrcnpanraaaror 0 ero B03MO)!(HOM MCCTC CHa-YKpbIBaHHH:

H fipocae r 3TO B rrITaMH rrClJH (OlJara)' (Ilepsaa BOCHHaH KnHTBa I 47 - 51, II 1-15)13. Bo ncex UHTHpOBaHHblx XCTTCKHX 06PHAOBbIX T:KCTaxrroBTOPHCTCH tlJ0pMYITa happin- (ali: HarrpaBHTCJlbHbIH/MCCTHbrH nanexor) pe~siiazi 'B nnasra rrelJH (osara) fipocaer ', cornacyrouiaaca C yrrOMHHYTbIM apxaHlJHblM cnonoynorpetineaaew rro OTHOlliCHHID K rpes. ltTVO,. 3Ta JTHMonornH{ KaK H npyrae aHaJIorHlJHbIC (cp. H3 TOH CCMaHTHlJCCKOH CtlJCpbI - ITHT. ugnis, rmu. uguns npn crras. *ognb), nonrnepacnaer, lJTO C <pOHCTHlJCCKOH CTOPOHbI B03BCACHHC rrrur, Jurnis K * (H)iO m-i-os) HC B bI3bIBaCT COMHCHl1H. 4TO )!(C KacaCTCH CCMaHTHlJCCKOH HCTOPHH ITTllI. Jumis, AJIH 60ITCC normoro cc nOHl1MaHl1H Hco6xoAHMO paccsrorpe rs OCHOBHblll ynorpetineuaa narsnucxoro CJ10Ba B KalJCCTBC MH<ponOrHlJCCKoro TCpMHHa, CBH3aHHoro C CCITbCKOX03HHCTBCHHblM UHKnOM.

B narsnucxax naporursrx nCCHHX coxpaaarnrcs OT3BYKH 06PHAOB, B KOropsrx Jumis asrcrynaer B KalJCCTBC 6 0 )!( C C T B a, KOTOPOC npnrnauracrca B AOM, rne CMY npHHocHTCH rtapsr, CBH3aHHbIC C ccnbcKoX03HHCTBCHHbiM KYITbTOM:

Nac, Jurnlti, rniis majas, §e bUs laba dzivosana:

Dosu maizi, dosu zirnus Saldu alu nodzerties.

LTdz" 1, 1751

Kur guleji tu, Jumeiti, Vysu garu vasarinu ?

Vai bruolisa mTZ~ dryva, Vai muosinas Iynu lauka?

BW 50251' 5

0PHXO)J.II, !OMHC (YMeHhlll. !fl.), B naui AOM, 3Aech 6YAeT xopourax )f(H3Hh,

~ AaM XJIe6a, II AaM ropoxa,

>I AaM cnazncoro nasa Ll.IUI narss.

Kur, Jumiti, tu guleji So garo vasarinu? Tirurnina vidtna

Zem peteka akrnentina.

BW 28543, 691'

rAC TbI, !OMHC (YMCHhlll. !fl.), npocnan Bee norrroe nero (YMCHhlll. !fl.) ?

Ha ll'lMCHHOM norte y 6paTa (YMCHhlll. !fl.), Ha nhHllHoM none y ceCTPbI (YMCHhlll. !fl.) ?

rAC, !OMHC (YMeHblll. !fl.), TbI npocnan Bee 3TO nonroe nCTO (YMCHhlll. !fl.)?

B CepC)J.IIHC (YMCHhlll. !fl.) trauma (YMCHhlll. !fl.) noll. CCpbIM KaMHCM (ysrcnsur. !fl.).

COH IOMHca, cxpsmaioureroca (cnmnero) non K a M H C M (lJTO C6nH)!(aer cro C ACHCTBYIDlllHMH ITHL\aMH MH<pa, rne pess HAcT 0 pasnoro porta BOnITOlllCHl1HX ClJaCTbH-AonH, CKpbITblX KaMHCM16) , MO)!(CT 6bITb OrpaHHlJCH BPCMCHCM AHH (AHCBHbIM ccnbCKOX03HHCTBCHHbiM UHKnOM): on CIIHT AO BClJCpa, KorAa 3aKaHlJHBaCTCH AHcBHaH y60pOlJHaH pa60Ta:

rIPH onHCaHl1H PHTYaJIbHblX nOAHOllICHHH IOMHcy yrrOMHHaIDTCH TC OCHOBHblC BHAbI3J1aKOB, C KOTOPbIMH JTO 6o)!(CCTBO CBH3bIBaJIOCb, npHlJCM B HCKOTOPblX TCKCTax BbIAcnHJ1HCb CnCUHaJIbHblC "HnoCTaCH" IOMHca, CBH3aHHbic C Ka)!(AbiM H3 3THX anaxoa, B qaCTHOCTH, "p)!(aHOH" IOMHc. IOMHcy nonnoCHT CooTBCTCTBCHHo naporn H3 p)!(aHOH, HlJMCHHOH MYKH H H3 03HMOH runenausr:

Jumitim rausi ccpu No trijarn Iabibam:

No rudziem, no mieziem, No bal tiern purisiern

LTdz I, 1763

Ilnx !OMlica (YMCHblll.!fl.) II acncx (na ) naporn H3 TpCX BHAOD 3rraKOB:

H30 P)f(Ii, H3 ll'lMCHll,

H3 6cnofi 03liMOfi mucxausi,

Plaunit rudzus, plaunit rudzus, Vjii] ir tuo]i vakarenis;

Vja] ir t uoli vakarenis,

Jumeits guli zam akrnini

BW 50263

>KHIiTC poses, )f(HIiTe PO)f(h,

Ellie nanexo 11.0 aexepa (YMCHblll. !fl.) (noaropeao ABa)f(AhI),

!OMIiC (YMCHhlll. !fl.) CIDIT noll. KaMHCM.

113BCCTHbi H pacnpocrpanennsre (rrpOAYKTHBHbIC, cnenoaarensno, BTOPHlJHbIC) TpaHC<popMaL\HH roro )!(C npeanero MOTHBa, rne aa TCM )!(C aonpocor-r o MCCTorrpc6bIBaHl1H IOMHca nCTOM cnenyer OTBCT 0 ero Haxo)!(AcHHH B xneill, OlJCBHAHO, 3aHMcTBoBaHHblH H3 pa36HpacMbix HH)!(C npyrax lJaCTCH paHaero censcxoxoaaiicraeuaoro UHKJIa nCCCH (BW 28542 C BapHaHTaMH 239b, 276a, 279'c, 293', 298a, c, 301', 3Q2, 317, 360).

OCHOBHblMH MOMCHTaMH APCBHCH arpapaoii PHTYaJIbHOH ApaMbl (AcHCTBa), KOTOPblC acnen aa Jl. HCHnaHA ynaerca PCKoHCTpY"PoBaTb na oCHOBamlH pana narsnucxax rrCCCH, HBnHCTCH 0 6 Hap Y )!( C H H C cxpsmarouteroca IOMHca B none, ero rr p C C n C A 0 BaH H C, rr rr C H C H H C H rr p a BoA B

A 0 M (B KITCTb). Enaa nH HC aaaforree HHTCpcCHblM B rtepaosr H3 nepesacneansrx JTanOB rrpCACTaBnHCTCH TO, lJTO 06HapY)!(CHl1C IOMHca AO)!(Ha OCYmecrsars ococas AJIH aroro npeAHa3HalJCHHaH X 0 3 H H K a, B KOTOPOH ncr-

napCHHH IOMHCY COnpOBO)!(naIDTCH 6naroAapHocTbIO aa ypoxaa H 60raTCTBO B AOMC, HM npHHocHMOC:

Paldies saku Jumitirn Par labo biruminu:

Pilnas kletis rudzu, miefu, Pilnas ~csas sudrabina.

LTdz J,I928

~ npnnoury 6naroAapHocTb !OMIiCY (YMCHblll.!fl.) 3a XOPOIllHtI yposcaa (YMeHhlll.!fl.),

nOnHbIC KnCTH C poxcuo, C ll'lMeHCM,

Ilonauo xaura C CCpe6pOM (YMeHblll.!fl.)

113 06111CTHIIOITOrnlJCCKHX coo6pa)!(CHl1H, KaCalOJllHXCH JTHonOrnlJCCKOH TCOpHH napa (B CMblCITC Mocca) H 06McHa, nonofiasre TCKCThI, nocnsurennsre

"eM.: Oettinger N. Die Militarischen Eide der Hethiter (Studien zu den Bogazkoy-Tcxten, H. 22), Wiesbadcn, 1976, S. 73-·76.

,. 3Ae_cb Ii nanee LTdz - coxpaiuenuoe 06Cl3Ha'lCHHC H3AaHHll: Latviesu tautasdziesmas, Riga,1955 (nepaaa - pliMCKall .- ~H!flpa 0603Ha'laeT TOM, BTopall'- apaficxas - HOMep nCCHH) .

144

, s 3AeCh H nanee BW - COKpallleHHOC 0603Ha'lCHHe c06paHHR EapOHa·-BHcceHAop!fla:

Latwju Dainas. Sakart , Kr. Barons. Riga, 1922. '

, 6 HBanOB B,B .. Tonopoe B.N. HccncAoBaHlill B 06naCTH cnaBllHCKHX APCBHOCTCIt, M" 1974.

10,3aK. 136

145

KO yransraaro rca qepTbI npeaueit )l(PHIIbI:

Lai nak pati saimenicce Juma nemtu firurnii.

Ja nenaca saimenicce, Lai lTgoja tiruma.

BW 28545, l34c

Ej tu posa, saimineica, Jurna jimti teiruma;

Ka naisi posa jimtu Gules J urns teiruma.

BW 28545,421'a

Meitas, Juma nenemier, Lai gem pate saimeriica; Ja ne~em saimenica,

Lai llgoja firuma,

BW 28545, 88b

06pHP;OBoro) napaaara H orpanarensaoa rpaacdiopnauaex BceM KOHcrpYK-, UHll!

Ilycri, npaner car-ra xoaanxa, 4T06bI 1l3HTb IOMlica na naurae, ECJIIi xoaaaxa He npaner, Flyers OH OCTaeTCH (xasaerca)

Labak lieku galvinai, Ne tavlE kletiniii

BW 28552, 270d

Jlyxnre nOlIOlKY Ha rOlIOBY (YMeHblll. 4J.), (A) He B raoio xrrers (YMeHbW. 4J.) .

na naIIIHe.

Ilplill)! Thl caera, xoasaxa, B3HTh IOMlica na naIIIHe.

Ecna TbI casta He rtpaneurs ero B3HTb, OH OCTaHeTcH crrars (nescars) na namae.

I1MeHHo nonofiasre PHTYaJIbHbJe (H TeM caMbIM HaH60JIee apxaasasre) aapHaHTbI ynaerca nparao COOTHeCTH C COXpaJfr!BIIDIMHCH 06PH)J;aMH rrO'!HTaHHH ]lBoMHOrO KOJIOca. B qaCTHOCrn, pe-rs HAeT 0 .L\BOMHOM ceMeHH JIbHa, xoropbIM B OP;HOM H3 BapHaHToB pa36HpaeMoH necaa npennaraior yxpacars )l(PHuy - 'MaTb COBMeCTHbIX y60POqHbIX pa60T':

Lai es tevi appuskoju, QTo6bI H Te6H yxpacarr (a) (nonropaerca L\BalKAhI)

Lai es tevi appuskoju

Ar tiem linu juml§iem TeM ABOltHblM lIbHHHbIM cesreaera

BW 28553, 279a, 283, 303b

)IillByqeCTb COOIBerCIBYIOrn;ero 06pHAa rrOAIBep)I(AaeTCH AOKYMeHraJIbHbIMH CBHAererrbCIBaMH, CYAH rro KOTOPhIM OH coxpananca AO cepenaasr naiuero sexa (a B03MO)l(HO H nosnaee) I 9: X03HHKe HaAeBaJIH aa rOJIOB Y BeHOK H3 KOJIOCbeB. He co MHeHHO , qTO nepaoocnoaoii. 06pHAa, coxpaaasmeroca, B sacrHOCTH, B J1arraJIHH H Ayrursexre, 6hm BeHOK H3 .L\BOHHbIX xorrocsea (jumis), HO B rr03AHeHIIDIx aapnaarax araorpadmxecxax 3aIIHceH <PHrYPl{pyer BeHOK 1{3 rrOCJIep;HHX C)I(aThIX xorrocsea. BeHoK BeWaJIl{ nosnaee B KneTI{ na creny (HJIH 3aThIKaJII{ aa 6aJIKY). I1Haqe rosopa, 06a MecrOrrOnO)l(eHRH BeHKa, B necne (B orserax aa PHl)'aJIbHbIH sonpoc-saranxy), asrcrynaronrae B xaseCIBe ansrepaaraaasrx, B COXpaHHBIID!XCH 06pHp;ax OKa3bIBalOTCH napannensHbIMH: BeHOK H3 ,[\BOHHhIX (nosnaee H3 nocneznrax CHHTbIX) KOnOCheB crrepaa HaAeBaJIH aa ronosy X03HMKe H/HJII{ X03HHHY (sa none, ecna OHH caMH }"IaCTBOBaJIl{ B y60pOqHhIX paoorax, B nporasaosr )l(e cnysae - B AOMe, qTO conpoaoacranocs pHl)'aJIbHhIM yrourenaese }"IaCTHI{KOB 06PHp;a), 'a nosnnee aetnaJIH na CTeHY KaK 3HaK coxpaaaiomerocs AO 6YAyrn;ero rona rrnOAOpO,[\I{H.

.upeBHHH xynsroaaa npasra, <pI{HaJIOM KOTOPOH cnyzorrro OAeBaHHe BeHKa aa X03HHKY-)I(PI{UY, aaxanacs npecnenoaanaesr npasyuieroca na none I{ y6eraiourero or npecnenosarerreii IOMHca (B KOHKpeTHOH aarepnperarma=-

.L\BoHHOro KOJIOCa, KOTOPhIH see BMeCTe I{CKaJIl{ B none). K IOMl{cy ofipa-

uranacs C 3aKn1{HaHHeM:

.lleBYWKIi, He fiepsrre IOMlica, Flyers ero B03bMeT xoaaaxa. Ecna xoaaaxa ero He B03bMeT,

Flyers OH 6YAeT OCTaBaTbcH (xaxarsca) aa naurae.

Bapaanrsr Toii )l(e necsa, otipamemrsre K "starepa COBMeCTHbIX yfoposHhIX pa60T", coxpaaaror OrqeTJIHBhJe CJIep;hI apxaasecxoro arpapaoro paryana, rr03BOJIHIOmerO rsepno OTO)I(p;eCIBl{rb Jumis KaK HMH MH<p0JIOmqeCKOro nepcoaaxa ofipsnonoro p;eHcIBa (npasrsr) C JIarhIWCKI{M Ha3BaHHeM

C P; B 0 e H H 0 r 0 K 0 JI 0 C a (HJIH rr JI 0 A a) 17.

Nac arai, talkas mate, ko es tev paradisu:

Es tev dosu jumju kroni

Ar tiem J u m j a ziedipiern.

LTD'8,2,1615

BbIXOllH, MaTh y60PO'lHbIX pa60T, 'ITO H refie nOKalKY:

51 te6e AaM BeHOK 1i3 L\BoltHblX KOlIOCheB (j U m j u), C TeM LlBeTO'IKOM (YMeHbw.4J.) IOMlica.

3TOT TeKCT cymecrnyer B OqeHb 60JIhWOM '!HCJIe Bapl{aHTOB: cp. BW 28551, 298h C npyroa rroCJIep;Heii crpoxoii - L Tdz L 1780 C BBeAeHHeM YKpatuarounrx 3IIHTeToB, orHOCHrn;HXCH K 6naropoAHhIM MeraJIJIaM: Tira zelta juma ',[\BOHHbJe KOJIOCbH H3 '!HCTOro 30JIOTa', sudrabina galvina 'na cepefipansre rorrosxa' BW 28552, 290f, h C sonpoco-craernsnr sapaauroxr Kur es lik~u jumju kroni Tne H re6e IlOJIO)l(Y BeHOK 1{3 ,[\BOHHhlx xonocses?' C rmyMH OIBeTaMH: Vai pie sienas kleti'1ii, IVai tavd galvina '11R60 na cTeHY xneTH (ysreauu. <p.), JIlf60 aa IBOIO rorroay (ysreasnr. <p.)'; anorna re )l(e nse B03MO)l(HOCTI{ paaaaaarorca nansure C npermosresaesr aroporo (c06cIBeHHo

Bedz, Jumiti, tec, Jumiti,

Bern, IOMlic (ysrem.nr. 4J.) , roponacs, IOMlic (YMeHbw. 4J.) ,

Cenxac npaxonar TBOIi nOIiMIIJ,HKIi (yssensnr. 4J.), Tenepb npaxonar caraa xoaaaxa,

QTo6b1 noltMal'b IOMlica aa naurae.

17C

_!'. npliMble ~BU,ll,el'elIbCTBa B omrcaaaax IOMlica nma: Par j u m i sauc d i vas

v_arpas uz viena salma, d i v u s riekstus viena caumala, tapat divas saaugiisas senes, ogas, 1fb.olus un citas Iidzigas lietas. Kas jumi atrod, tam ir laime. Smits I, 739 (N 11988); D I vas v a r pas, kas saaugusas uz viena salma, ari saukusi par J u m i. ~bid., N 11991; Di vzub~raina varpa, j umis, jaglabajot ... Ibid., N 12003; Divus abolus, d I vas bekas, senes un t. t. kopa saaugusas saucot par j u m ij e m. Ibid., N 1!0~4 Ii r.n, Cp, rarose TeKCTbI rarra: Kuldm, kuliim, apkiildm iPalika rudzili d i vvarpmas . .: Ii T·A. c nOllB~eHlieM mieiisi divvlirpiY}as. auzinas divviirplnas (CM.: Peter. sons K. . RIJa, kUl~ana,_ apkulas, -_ In: Rigas latweeschu beedribas Zinibu komisijas rakstu krahjums, 17. Riga, 1914, 35) TaM, rne BblCTynaeT Ii cnOBO jumis

183 .

AeCb Ii nanee _ LTD - coxpauienaoe 0603Ha'leHlie 1i3AaHli1i Latvju tautas dainas Red

J. Endzelins. SllKart. R. Klaus/if/f. Riga, 1928 (nepaaa apaecxas LlIi4Jpa o603Ha~aeT .

TOM, Bl'OPaH - HOMep }:IaltHbI B :nOM co6paHIiIi).

146

Nu niik tavi ~erajigi, Nu nak pati: saiminiece Jurni kert tlruma

DELTdz I, 1749

Cnoaoynorpetinenae nOH AaHHbI MO)l(eT 6bITb necssra apxausnsnr, rrorOMY qro pati 'casra' rro OTHoweHHIO K X03HMKe I{MeeT 06rn;eimP;oeBporreHcxae I{CTOqHHKH (3neMeHT pati orcsmaer K apxaaxaosry 0603HaqeJfr!1O )l(eHbI fiora KaK roc rr 0 )I( H npa TOM, qTO car-r 60r 0603HaqaerCH crrOBOM nora )f(e KOpHH pat- - roc rr 0 A b). B napaaare TOH )l(e necaa B none nonxea

1 • Dumpe L. Razas novaksanas veidu atfistiba Latvija. - In: Latvijas PSR vestures muzeja raksti. Etnografija. RTga, 1964. Cp.: Neuland L. Op, cit., S.74f.

147

rrpHiiTH X03HHH, K KOTOPOMY OTHOCHTCH TO )Ke apxaasnoe pats 'caw':

Lai n1lk pats saimenieks Juma nemtu firuma

> BW 28545

nYCTh c a ss X0311HH npaner, lITo6hl B3J1Th IOMHca aa naunre.

bus laime " (T20 12009; 12007; 12008) 'KTO Haii:~eT ABOHHOH opex, iUlOHHOH p)KaHOH KOJIOC HJIH KaKoH-HH6Y~b npyroii cnsoenasra I1JI0~ (jumis), TOMY 6y~eT csacrse': <p0pMYJIa tam bils iaime B nOH 3aIIHCH ~OCJIOBHO cosnanaer C IJ,HTHpOBaHHoH ~aHHoH. K TOMY )Ke xpyry rrpe~CTaBJIeHHH OTHOCHTCH H TaKHe arnorparpasecscae nanasre, xoropsre CBH3bIBaIOT noenanae naoiiaoro I1JIO~a C po~eHHeM 6 JI H 3 H e U 0 B H TeM caMbIM ~OKa3bIBaIOT rrOJIHYIO ceMaHTHlieCKYIO onpaanaaaocrs pa36HpaeMOH 3THMOJIOrHH, CBH3bIBaIOmeH JITIll. jumis C 06meH~oeBporreHCKHM Ha3BaHHeM 6rrH3Heua (sro ssrasraano He~OYMeHHe 3H~3eJIHHa, He saaaurero eute 06 3THX ~OrrOJIHHTeJIbHbIX aprysrearax, rrOJIHOCTbIO CHHMaIOmHX ero B03pa)KeHHH): Ja jumjus (divi aboli kopa saagusi, vai dibas varpas uz viena stiebra u. t. t.) ed, tad

tam d VI n Is i dzimst (T 12027, 12028-12032) 'ECJIH KTO CbeCT iUlOHHOH IUIO~ (jumisv. aanpasiep, naa CPOCIllHXCH BMeCTe afinoxa HJIH ABa KOJIOCa aa OMOM cTe6JIe H r.n., Y roro pO~HTCH 6 JI H 3 H e UbI'; Jumjus nedrikstot est auglu diviniekus,jo tad tam Iauliba dzimstot dvini. T. 12025; Ja ed jumika riekstu, s!nes, kartupelus, tad dzimst d v'In i (T 12026) H r.n, Carao rro

ce6e sro npencrasneaae BCTpeqaeTCH Y OlleHb 6oJIbillOrO lIHCJIa pasasrx napO~OB MHpa H MO)KeT ClIHTaTLCH 3THOJIOmlieCKoH YHHBepcarrHeH21. IlosroMy COMHeHHH B CeMaHTHlieCKOH rrpaBHJIhHOCTH COrrOCTaBJIeHHH narsuncxoro Ha3BaHHH 'cnsoeanoro nnona' C HH~oeBporreHCKHM Ha3BaHHeM '6JIH3Heua', BbICKa3bIBaBIllHeCH 3H~3eJIHHOM H BCJIe~ aa HHM ~pymMH JIHHrBHCTaMH, MomH 6bI 6bITb OTBe~eHbI Y)Ke CCbUIKOH aa THrrOJIOrHlIeCKHe ~OBO~bl, KaK co6CTBeHHO 3THOJIOrHlIeCKHe, TaK H H3bIKOBbIe, cp. rpys. ,uju-b 'iUlOHHH, 6JIH3HeUbI' : !qu-( 'rrapa CPOCIllHXCH I1JIO~OB' (c 3THMOJIorHlIeCKHMH C6JIH)KeHHHMH, npennonaraiouneaa B03MO)KHOCTh B03Be~eHHH H nora CJIOBa, H pO~CTBeHHOrO eMY a<ppa3HHCKoro Ha3BaHHH '6JIH3Heua' K HOCTpaTHliecKoMY

'6 ,22)

HJIH BO BCHKOM crrysae 3arra,u,H0-HOCTpaTHlieCKOMY Ha3BaHHIO JIH3Heua .

Ho aanaxae araorparpasecxax ~aHHbIX 0 COOTHeceHHH jumis 'ciUloeHHbIH I1JI0~' H H~eH 6JIH3HeliHoro poacneaaa B JIaThIIlICKOH naporuroa -rpa,Il;HI.T,HH, KaK rrpe~CTaBJIHeTCH, nepesonar paccxsarpaaaexryio 3THMOJIOmIO JITIll. jumis H3 BepoHTHoH rro ceMaHTHKO-THrrOJIOrHlIeCKHM KpHTepHHM B ~ 0 C T 0 B e p - H Y 10 rro KpHTepHHM HCTopHliecKHM. B TO )Ke BpeMH sraorparpasecxae naansre, KacaIOmHeCH JITIll. Jumis=jumis, ~aIOT B03MO)K}{OCTb OfuHCHHTh ceMaHTHlieCKoe pa3BHTHe Ha3BaHHH CeJIbCKOX03HHcTBeHHoro MH<p0JIOrHlIeCKoro ofipaaa IOMHca: HMeHHO rrOTOMY, liTO H3HallarrbHO jumis 'CABOeHHbrn WIO~' 6bUI COOTHeceH C 6rrH3HellecTBoM, 60)KeCTBO (060)KeCTBJIHeMbIH 6JIH3-

TaKHM 06pa30M, B TeKCTax axryanasapyerca H~eH rr a p HOC T H (Xo- 311HH - X0311HKa), COOTHOCHMaH C TaKOBOH Y IOMHCa-IOMHca H B peKOHCTpYKI.T,HH OTCbIJIaIOmaH K MOTHBY cyrrPY)KeCKOH 6o)KeCTBeHHOH napsr, KOTOPbrn ofipasyer H~pO CIO)KeTa He6eCHOH CBa~b6bl H HMeeT rrpO~OJI)KeHHe B OCHOBHOM MH<t>e (MornB X03ID1Ha H X03HH:KH, rrpeCJIe~YIOmHX IOMI1ca (B03MO)KHO, nonepexemro) , CM. HH)I(e, HaXO~T MHOrOlllfCJIeHHble aaanoraa B npyrax Tpa~I.T,HHX, rne TaK)Ke axryanaaapyercs rexta BOBJIelleHHOCTH H M Y )K C K Or 0 H )K e H C K 0 r 0 aasana B 06PH~, nocaauiemrsra B03paCTaHHIO WIO~OP°,Il;HH) .

X03HHKe - B ~peBHeH KYJIbTOBOH CeJIbCKOX03HHCTBeHHOH ~paMe »cpaue > 'MaTepH COBMeCTHbIX y60pOllHbIX pa60T' - IIOMoraIOT ~eBYIlIKH, JIOBHmHe IOMHca:

3TO apXaRIJeCKOe ofipaurerme rrpe~CTaBJIeHO B HeCKOJIbKHX sapaaarax (BW 28521, 141; 254), B IJaCTH KOTOPblX aa IOMHCOM 6erYT He ~eBYIlIKH, a rrapna (puisi, BW 28521, 141'; 125a, b). Oc06eHHo noxasarensna <p0pMYJIa Nebedz purii, nebedz meiii 'He 6em B 60JI OTO , He 6em B nee' (BW 28521, 125b; cp. L'I'dz 1,1750: Ne purvd, ne meid 'He B 60JIOTO, He B nee') , CBH- 3blBaIOmaH 3TOT ran paryansasrx necea C 3arOBOpaMH H norrrsepxnaiomaa 6rrH30CTb IOMHca K TOMY xnaccy MH<poJIOmlJeCKHX cymecra, xoropsre (KaK npecnenyesn.ra nepconax MH<pa, rrpHIJYlUHHCH non KaMHeM) MoryT 6blTh COOTHeceHbl C H H )K H H M (BO~HblM) MHpOM.

B sapaaarax TOH )Ke necaa, r~e IOMHca 3aKJIHHaIOT He yfierars B HH)I(HHH MHp (B npapozty, rrpOTHBOrrOCTaBJIHeMYIO B03~eJIaHHOH rtaurae}, eMY OCTaBJIHIOT TOJIbKO TaKHe MeCTa YKpbITHH, xoropsre CBH3aHbI C y60poIJHbIMH pa60TaMH - K 0 rr H y, K JI e T b. HHaIJe roaops, B KYJIbTOBOH ~paMe yfiopxa ypoxaa OTO~eCTBJIHeTCH C TaKHM rrpeCJIe~OBaHHeM IOMHca, KOTOpoe COOTBeTCTByeT npaaanasi paryansaoa arpsi, He ~aIOmeH eMY B03MO)KHOCTH yHTH OT rrpeCJIe~OBaTeJIeH.

Co maCHO ~aii:HaM, ace ~OJI)KHbI BbIHTH B none, !JT06bI rrOHMaTb IOMHca:

Eita visi nu uz 1auka, Jurna ~ert firurna!

Kas sakers rudzu Jumi Tam blls laime citu gadu

BW 28523, 141'

3THorpa<pHlieCKHH KOMMeHTapHH K nOH ~aii:He, ~OrrOJIHHTeJIbHO norrraep~aIOIUHH TO~eCTBO IOMHca KaK MH<pOJIomIJeCKOrO nepcoaaxa H JITIll. jumis 'mwHHoH I1JI0~', npencraanser MHoroKpaTHo 3aIIHcaHHoe nosepse, comaCHO KOTOPOMY "kad atrod rieksta, rudzu varpas vai citu kadu jurni, tam

Bedz, JumTti, bedz, Jurnlti, Meitas dzina pakala!

Ja ncvari citur begt,

Bedz gubinas galina,

BW28521,2

148

Bern, IOMHC (YMeHhlll. 41.) , 6ern, IOMHC (YMeHhlll. 41.) , Ileayunca cneurar BLloroHKY!

Ecna Te6e HeKYLla fiortsure 6ellGlTh,

Bern na sepxyuncy (YMeHhlll.4J.) xonast (YMeHhlll. 41.)

Bee reneps HLlYT B none,

QTo6hl aa nanme nol!:MaTh IOMHca. KTO CXBaTHT plKaHoro IOMHca,

y roro 6YLleT cxacrse na 6YLlYlll,Hlt f"OA.

20 nOLI coxpanteaaeea T UHTHPYIOTCJI MarepHanhl 4JonhKnOpHOf"O apxaaa naTBHH, A-~- 9. Cp. TaKlKe B 3TOM nrrane 0 nrur. jumis: !;mits P. Latviesu tautas ticejumi. II. RIga, 1940, 1. 739-743, N 6238, 6239 H LIp.

2 "Borarsm anmocrparunasra MaTepHan, nonraepxnaiouraa ary yHHBepcanHlO, 6hID co- 6paH aHrnHltcKHM 3THonOf"OM Xappucosr: Harris R. Boanerges. Cambrldge,1913, p. 128, 129, 168, 301, 386-387, 401. oH6nHorpa4JH'IeCKHe CBeLleHHJI H 0630pHhle LlaHHhle, nonraepscnaiounre pacnpocrpaacnaocrs TOlt lKe YHHBepcanHH B A4JpHKe, CM. B

CTaThC: i1BaHoB B.B. OmI3He'IHhIl!:. KynhT H LlBOH'lHalI CHMBOnH'IecKalI KnaCcH4JHKaUHJI B A4JpHKe. - B KH.: Africana. A4JPHKaHCKHlt 3THorpa4JH'lecKHl!: C60pHHK. (TpyLlhl HH-Ta 3THorpa4JHH AH CCCP). Jl., 1978; OH see. Bnasaesasre MH4Jhl. - B KH.:

MH4Jhl HapOLlOB MHpa, T. 1, M., 1980.

11 JrHMonOrn'leCKOe c6nHlKeHHe snepasie npennoxorrr H.R. Mapp B CBOHX HCCJIeAOBaHHJlX no KapTBeno-ceMHTCKHM napannenasr. Cp.:Mapp H.E. npeAHCJIOBHe. - B KH.:

R3hlKOBeLlHhle npo6neMhl no 'lHCJIHTenhHhIM. Jl., 1927.

149

Hell, TOqHee - MH<ponOrHqeCKHH nepCOHa)l( - ABOHqaTKa, KOToporo B CBeTe npHBOAHMbIX )l,aHHbIX MO)l(HO peKOHCTpYHpOBaTb )l,IIH 6anmHCKOH TpaAHlIHH2 3), HOCHBllIee 3TO HMH, crano CHMBonH3HpOBan. n no )l, 0 p 0 )l, H e, ypoxcair, )l,OCTaTOK B lien OM. Ilna noxasarenscrsa nora MO)l(HO conocraBHTb arnorpaoasecxae nannsre 0 naTbIllICKHX nosepsax, no KOTOPbIM C)l,BOeHHbIH nnon (jumis) rtpnnocar pasaoro porta 6narononYql{e H nnonoportae, 06pHil,bL B KOTOPbIX C uensio npH06peTeHHH H B oc06eHHocTH Coxpanenaa aa cne)l,YIOII.U1H ron (npa B0306HoBneHHH arpapnoro unxna) H30- 6HnHH H nnonoponna Hcnonb3YIOTcH ABOHHbIe KonOCbH H BeHOK, H3 HHX cnrreraerasni, H )l,aHHbI (rrepnonasam.ao pHTyanbHo-MH<ponOmqeCKOrO xapaxTepa), rne nsrcrynaer lOMHC. EnH3HeqHOe poxnenae B CBH3H co CABOeHHbIM nnonor-r nOHHMaeTCH KaK CHMBon finarortonyona H B cdiepe )l(HBOTHOBO)l,qeCKoH. Pacuraparensnoe nOHHMaHHe 6nH3HeqHOrO KYDbTa (rrpn npyrOM ero ocuucnenaa) 06HapY)l(RBaeTCH H B Be)l,HHCKOH Tpa)l,HlIHH H noaroMy oc06eHHO Ba)l(HO )l,IIH oxomarerrsnoro noxasarenscraa normoro H3HaqanbHOrO ceMaHTHqeCKOrO TO)l()l,eCTBa nrur. jumis H )l,p.-HH)l,. yama- '6nH3- Hell', cp. yamini 'ponnauraa )l,BOHHIO' - 0 xopose B paryane. ComaCHO naTbIlliCKOMY 06bIqalO, ia atrod divas vdrpas viena salma galmd, tad tas dod aitai, lai atnes pariti" (T 12035)' ecna HaH)l,YT nsa xonoca na KOH'-le O)l,HOrO crefina, TO HX )J,llIOT OBlIe, 1fT06bI OHa npaaecna )l,BOHHIO'.

B narsnucxoa Tpa)l,HlIHH 3TO nocnenaee npencrasneaae rnnueao roro HeraTHBHOrO csrsrcna, KOTOPbIH xapaxrepea )l,IIH COOTBeTCl'BYlOlllero rHMHa "Arxapaasensr" (III, 28) 24, HO aM6HBaneHTHOCTb npencraanemra, CBH3aHHbIX C 6nH3HeqHbIM nnonov, H3 KOTOPOH MO)l(HO BbIBeCTH CeMaHrnqeCKOe pa3BHTHe )l,peBHeHHAHHCKOrO CKOTOBO)l,qeCKOrO ofipana OqHllIeHHH H CXO)l,noro C HHM nHTOBCKor02S, 3aCBHneTenbCTBOBaHa H naTbIlliCKHMH nonepsHMH: fa atrod mieiu Jumi (2 varpas 1 salmii), tad bus bi!res vai kdzas (T 12042; 11987) 'Ecna HaH)l,eTcH HqMeHHbIH CABOeHHbIH nnon (fumis) (2 xonoca, na 1 crefirre}, TO fiynyr nH60 rr 0 x 0 p 0 H sr, nH60 C B a )l, b-:

6 a'. Cnansfia, anexyuraa aa C060H nnonoponae, poxnenae, 60raTcTBo, H noxopoasr, npennonar-arouiae cr-repra, 06pa3ylOT CBOf','O pona paMKY, rpaHHUbI KOTOPOH asrcrynaror KaK qneHbI CHMBOnHqec:-.:oro nporaaortocraaneHHH p 0 )I( )l, e H H e - C M e p T b26• 3TO nporasonocraanenae (axmosaa

TaK)I(e ero HeHTpanH3allHIO) H passrrpsraaercx na pa3HbIX YPOBHHX xynsrosoro )l,eHCTBa (npasrsr}, nocaauiennoro lOMHCY.

Ho )l,IIH narsnucxoa TP3JUlUHH (B OTnHqHe OT )l,peBHeHH)l,HHCKOH H OTqaCTH OT nHTOBCKOH) xapaKTepHO COCpe)l,OTOqeHHe He CTonbKO Ha B03MO)l(HbIX 3DOBeIllHX rrOCne)l,CTBHHX 6nH3HeqHOrO pO)l()l,eHHH, CKonbKO na 6 n a - r 0 rr p H H T H bI X peaynsrarax. 3ro BH)l,HO H3 raKHX noaepmi, KaK: fa meitas, rudzus plaujot, atrod jumiti, tad sagaidama apprecesanas (T 12018; 12019-12023) 'Ecna nesyunca, yfiapax HqMeHb, HaH)l,eT C)l,BoeHHbIH xorroCOK (YMeHbllI. <p. OT jumis), TO HY)l(HO O)I(H)l,aTb 3aMY)I(eCTBa (CBa)l,b6bI)'. HerrOCpe)l,CTBeHHO C rrpRBO)l,HMbIMH )l,aHHaMH, BocrrpOH3BOMIlIHMH )l,peBHIOIO

, KynbrOBYIO )l,paMy, OCHOBHbIM rrepCOHa)l(eM KOTOPOH 6bll lOMHC, MO)l(HO COOTHeCTH TaK)I(e narsnucxae nosepsa, KaK: fa saimnieks atrada Jumi, tad vi~am bija gaidama liela laime (T 11996) 'Ecnn X03HHH naiiner }l.BOHHOH KOnoc tjumis) , TO ero )I()l,eT 60DbllIoe csacrse '; Divzuburaino viirpu (jumi) glabd, jo td esot atradeja laime WI esot arT uz bagiitibu (T 12007, cp. 12015, 12016, rne rOBopHTCH 0 60DbllIOM ypoxae) , llBOHHOH xonoc (jumis) coxpaHHIOT, rroTOMY qTO OH npunocar csacrse aauremuevy ero H npencxassraaer (npencroauree) 60raTCTBO'; Jumja vdrpu vajagot glabiit kleti aiz siias tad tur guiot kliit piikis, kas velk bagiitibu klet] (T 11998) 'llBoHHbIe KOnOCbH HY)I(HO xpanars B KneTH non rrOTOnOqHbIMH nepexnanxaaua, noroxty qTO rorna TaM MO)l(eT PH)l,OM pacnonoxorrsca 3MeH, xoropsm rrpHHOCHr B sepaoxpaaamnue (pnry) 60raTcTBo' (cp. aaanoruuasre npencraanenna Y crraaxn 0 3Mee, npanocxutexr B )l,OM 60rarCTB02 7) .

ITpHBe)l,eHHbIe araorpaipnsecxae nannsre (H lIenbIH PH)l, npyrax, HM aaanOrHqHbIX, rry6nHKoBaBllIHXCH paaee B <pODbKnopHbIX c06paHHHx2 8) naror KOMMeHrapHH K )l,aHHaM, BocrrpoH3BO)l,HIlIHM KynbToBYIO npavy rrOHMKH yferatotnero OT npecnenoaarenea lOMHca. Korna MH<P (KaK no xapaxrepno )l,IIH MHorHX )l,peBHeBOCTOqHbIX Tpa)l,HlIHH, THrrOnOrHqeCKH CXO)l,HbIX C TOH 06Il1eHH)l,OeBpOrreHCKOH, KOTopaH )l,OCTaTOqHO nonao, XOTH H <pparMeHrapHO, orpaxena B naTbIllICKHX naaaax) eute He ornenen nonuocrsio or noponaaurero ero paryarra (lIHKnHqeCKH aocnponsaonaurero MH<P B coorsercraaa

C ce30HHbIM ,~ X03HHCTBeHHbIM lIHKnOM), B HeM MO)l(HO aafirnonars CMeurenae MH<ponOmqeCKHX nepconascea H HX nnocracea (HnH CHMBonOB), KOHKpeTH3HpYlOIlIHX MH<ponOmqeCKHH 06pa3 (3HaK) B npasre. TaK H B orrHCbIBaeMOH xynsrosoa )l,paMe maBHbIH npecnenyeersra MH<ponOmqeCKlfH nepcoaax - lOMHC B HeKOTopbIX H3 TeKCTOB 3aMeHHeTCH KOHKperHbIM 3HaKOM -- C )l, B 0 e H H bI M K 0 no COM, HOCHIlIHM ro xce Ha3BaHHe (aaaxe roBOPH, pasaaua Me)l()l,y HMeHeM C06CTBeHHbIM fumis H HapHUaTenbHbIM jumis, KOTOPYIO He ncerna nerxo rrpOBeCTH npa mrrepnperauaa H nepenone naTbIllICKHX TCKCTOB29, COOTBeTcTByeT pa3nHqHIO Me)l(AY MH<ponOrHqeCKHM ac-

2 3 Cp.: Heanoe B.B., Tonopoe B.H. Banraacxas MHQ>OJlOnUI B CBeTe CPaBHHTeJlhHO:HCTOpH'IeCKHX peKOHCTPYKlI,Hit HHAoeBporreitcKHx npesuocrea. - Zeitschrift fiir Slawistik, 1974, Bd. XIX, H.2, S. 150-151; OHU see. Barrraacxaa MHQ>OJlOfliJI. - B KH.:

MHQ>hI saponos MHpa. T. 1. M., 1980 (c nansaemuea mrreparypoa sorrpoca) .

"CM.: Harris R. Op. cit., p.183-185 (c AHaXpOHH'IeCKoit HHTeprrpeTaIllIeA. BO MHOroM npenaocxauiasurea nocnenyiouure HCCJleAOBaHHJI). CM. nepeson rHMHa: ATXapBaBeAa. i'b6paIlIloe. M., c.151-152, 354.

25 CM. napannensnsrn JlHTOBCKHit H 6eJlOPYCCKmt TeKCThI, rrpHBOAHMhle B crarse: 3THM., C. 86.

2 • B 60Jlee IlIHPOKOM nnaae pe4h HAeT 0 rrpOTHBOrrOCTaBJleHHH H a 4 a JI a H K 0 H '-I a, n e p B 0 r 0 H n 0 C JI e A Her 0, CTOJlh BalKHoit AJlJI MHQ>orr03TH'IeCKoit H PHTYaJIhHoA TpanH'-IHH Bo061l1e H, B uacmocra, HMeHHO AJlJI 06PJIAOB y60pKH YPOlKas! (CM. OC06eHHO: Sydow C. Die Begriffe des Ersten und Letzten in der Volksiiberlieferung mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Erntebrauche. - Folk-Liv, Acta ethnoiogica et folkloristica Europea, 1939, 3; Idem. Erstes und Letztes in der Volkstiirnlichen Uberlieferung besonders in Hinsicht auf die Erntebrauche. - In: Congres International des sciences anthropologiques. Copenhague, 1938). K 0 H e '-I (nocnennee) npeonone-

150

BaeTCJI nnun, rrpHCOeAHHeHHeM HOBhlX '-IHKJIOB. soaapanraiouurx K H a 4 a JI Y H axTyaJlli3HpYIOIlIHX nonoaorrensnsre acnexrsi.

27 CM.: Heauoe B.B., Tonopoe B.H. CJlaBJIHCKHe JI3hIKOBhle MOAeJlHpYIOIlIHe ceMHOTH'IeCKHe CHCTeMhI. M., 1965.

28 Smits P. Op. cit.

29C06CTBeHHO roBOPJI, na aexoera apXaH4HOM ypoane pa3J1H'IeHHe MelKAY Jumis H jumis (MelKAY MHctlOJlOfll'leCKHM nepcoaaxesr H PHTYaJIhHhIM 06WKTOM) aooeme AOJllKHO 6hITh CHHTO. Pe4h AOJllKHa HArn cxopee 0 eAHHOM anesreare, aucrvnaiorue» TO B nepconarpnuapoaaarroa HrrOCTaCH, TO B PHTYaJlhHo-o6beKTHBIIOM BHAe. JlarsnuCKHe AalIHhl KaK OCKOJIKH KYJlhTOBOit ApaMhI eme COXpaHJlIOT ory ABoitOTBeHHocTh

151

n e P CO H a )I( HOM yponne. I1cKlIlO'IJ1TerrbHOe paanoofipaaae <PO pM HMeHH. rrpOH3BeileHHoro OT KOpHfl +jum- (cp. B MY)l(CKOM pone: Jumis, Jums, Jumitis, Jumits, Jumits, Jumeits, Jumikis, Jumikitis, Jumalenis, Jumuletis, Jur,nblz, Jumeidz H B )l(eHCKOM pone: Jume, Juma, Jumite, Jumeite, Jumala, Jumalena, Jumalina, Jumaliene, Jumalniece, Jumelite, Jumaleite, Jumanite+i'), B ilaHHax crane TOH OCHOBOH, na KOTOPOH crrO)l(HITOCb -- B pesynsrare '1HCTO H3bIKOBOH arpsr H paanoro pona conepscarensnsrx rrpHTH)I(eHHH H ananormi > npencrannenae 0 C e M b e IOMHca: 0 HeM caMOM, 0 ero )l(eHe (Nom. propr. f e m.) Hero CbIHe (Nom. propr. masc. dimin.) HITH ila)l(e nersx. Cp, XOTH 6bI uecxonsxo npnsiepoa, B KOTOPbIX qrreHbI ceMbH IOMHca 06peTalOT yxce

H nexoropsre CBH3H C IOMHcoM H BXOilHT B npocreinuae MOTHBbJ:

Jumits kliedze, Jumlts brece, iOMHC (YMeHhlll. <p.) KPlflIHT, iOMHC (YMeHblll. cp.)

neKTOM TeKCTa H acrrexror-r otiprrnono-rearpansnsrw) . flo TOH )l(e npasane B OTrrH'IHe OT roro ananoruxnoro MH<pa, rile nofismanae cnparannoro non KaMHeM 60raTcTBa ocynrecrnnaer MH<porrOrH'IeCKHH repoii - I'powoaepxeu HITH npyrae 3KBHBarreHTHbie eMY nepconaxca, aarrsromaeca ero rpancdiopxtaMH, B xasecrae npecnenonarena B ilmHax asrcrynaior npesnue )I( p e U H )I( p x U a (X03flHH H X03flHKa) C HX rrOMOW;HHKaMH H nOMOW;HHuaMH. 3}]'eCb c06cTBeHHo MH<porrOm'leCKHH IIJIaH OTTeCHeH 06PHilOBbIM.

Hnorna }J,JIfl aarnsnnocra BBOilHTCfl npajaaa peus 30 roaopauiero-npecne-

}],OBaTerrH: -

Visu dienu Jumi dzinu Pa lielo ffruminu,

Nu sadzinu, nu panacu Tirumina gaJin1i

, BW 28558

3Ta naana, npencrannennaa BO MHO)l(eCTBe BapHaHToB (BW 28554; 50270~ LTD II,1576, 1577; LTdz 1,1752 H np.}, uaorna coofimaer, 'ITO IOMHca ynanocs HaHTH non 60rrbillHM K aM HeM (Pie lield akmentina, LTdz I, 1752, HITH non cepblM KaMHeM: zam peleka akmintin BW 28543,4 H ilp., HJIH naace non KaMeHHoH nesxoii: Akrnistenf krosneiti BOJIbTep, C. 86, Bap. 4a, H r.n.}, 'ITO rtorrraepxcraer CXOilCTBO C MH<POM 0 npecnenonamra npoTHBHHKa, npavynrerocx non KaMHeM HITH cxpsmaronrero non KaMHeM 60- raTCTBO.

B caMOM nene, xynsronaa npava, rne rrraBHbIM repoexr aucrynan IOMHc, 06HapY)l(HBaeT raxoe HCKlIlO'IHTerrbHoe CXOilCTBO C MOTHBaMH H BHyTpeHHHM CMblcrrOM 0 C HOB H 0 rOM H <p a, xoropoe HH B KaKOM cnyxae He MO)l(eT anropaposarsca accnenonarenew, YMeCTHO OTMeTHTb nann, HeKOTOpsre H3 cyiuecrnennsrx 3rreMeHTOB Ha pa3HbIX ypoanax, see BpeMH f10MHH

o TOM nyxe H r p bI, MeTaMop<p03, 060pOTHH'Iecrna, naoeuas-rpoenaa, KOTOPbIH rrpOHH3bIBaeT ace neacrao. 3TH ocotiennocra npoaanmorca yxe na

j{ npecnenoaan (a) necs AeHb IOMlica Ha 60nblllO~ naume.

Teneps H (oro) nornan (a), reneps H (ero) noi1:Marr (a) Ha xoaue (KpaIO, YMeHblll. <p.) rraunra (YMeHblll. <p.) 3 I

Tirumina gaJiQa. Atsaucesi j u m a len i

Arodina dibenii. >

BW 28532 401

Jurriits kula J u man t i,

Aiz mat i C m turedarns ...

BorrHT

B KOHUC nauma,

J]CTH iOMHca (jumaleni) OT3blBalOTCJI H3 rny6HHbi aaxposra •

iOMHC (YMCHblll. <p.) 6Hn (nyrnrn) iOMarry (YMCHblll.) 3a nonocsr (ee) nepsca .. .' 4

BW 28533 141 (Bap.: Jumalinu, Jumanitit' 3

Jurriits sauca Lu m a l i n a s, K a I n ina stavedams ...

> BW 28535 lllf

Jurriits saucja J urn ali Q u, Pa teirumu staigodams; JumaJina atsasaucia Orudil}~ dybynii .

BW 50245

Jumeits sovu J u m a l e n u Ap teirumu dancynuoj~; Jumalena nksiem skreja, Jumeits leksicm pakala

BW 50246

Jumits meklej J urn a I i Q a s Pa firumu staigadams; Bralits meklej' Iigavinas

No masil).am vaicadarns

12

sonnouienua H, rrraanoe, 06HapYlKHBalOT anorna C03HaTCnbHYIO arpy TOlKAeCTBa-pa3- nH'IHH 3THX ABYX aonnomeana: TO MH<ponOrn'lCCKH~ rrepcoaax KaK 6bl 060pa'lHBaeTCH paryansasn« CHMBonOM, TO nocnenana KaK 6bl B03paCTaCT AO YPQBHJI nepcoHH<P"KaJl.HH, BKJIIO'IaeMO~ YlKe B MH<ponOrn'leCKH~ ClOlKCT.

303Ha'iCHHe raxax nepaona-msix <pparMCHTOB rrpHMO~ pe-nt AJIH PCKOHCTpYKUHH apxa- 1i'IH0~ pnryansaoa ApaMbl TpYAHO rrepeouenars. B AaHHOM crrysae CYIllCCTBCHHa He ronsxo JI 3 bl K 0 B a JI <popMa rpparraeara, HO H casta cro T C M a, BCCfAa 6CPYIllaHCH H3 nafiopa KJIIO'IeBbIX MOTHBOB, xapaKTepH3YIOIUHx, B '1aCTHOCTH Ii npescie BCC' ro, ClOlKCT OCHOBHoro MH<pa. He rrpHxoAHTCJI roaopars 06 HCKnlO'lHTCnbHO~ BalKHOl~ TH KOAHpOBaHliH B narsnucxax naaaax 0 iOMHCC HCKOTOPblX uenrpansnsrx nOHHTHi1: (MOTHBOB, 06beKTOB) cnosava roro lKe KOpHH, 'ITO H B npyrux TPaAHUHHX, ynorpc6nJllOJlltIx COOTBCTCTBYIOIUHC cnoaa B TCKCTC OCHOBHoro MH<pa. Cp. HHlKC rrrur, dzinu (dzit) HnH pie lie/a akmentina IIpH nHT. giiiti, rrpyccx. guntwei, cnaa, *gonati, *zfti, Ap.-HHA. hanti, np-rpeu. ,')E[VW (r6vo~) H r.n. H nHT. akmuo, AP.-HHA. asman., asCCT. asman-, cnan. "kamen« H r.n, eM. TaKlKC HHlKC.

3 I B CBCTe TCMbl aasana H KOHua B CBH3H C iOMHCOM (CM. asnue) BalKHO rrOA'ICpKHBaHHe K 0 H U a naunrn (tirumina galirii): iOMHca nacrnraior HMellHO rorna, xorna OH npofexcan (nepecex) B C 10 naunno, rrepenaa cn Bee CBOC nnOAopOAHC. CncAOBaTCnbHO, "MeCT CMblcn ronsxo raxas nOHMKa iOMHca. xorna OH ycneer acsepnars BCIO CBOIO nnOAOHocHTenbHYIO carry. OTCIOAa TOT xapaxrep Hrpbl B nOBJIlo-y6craHHC, KOTOPbl~ npacyui paryany Ii ero OTpalKCIDIIO B neCHHX: npecnenytouran "nOBHT" iOMHca T8l<, '!T06bl OH He nonancx, ncerrta MOl' y6elKaTb OT npecnenoaarcna, KpOMe OAHO~ CHTYauHH ... - Ha KOHUC nalllHH.

152

iOMHC (YMCHhlll.) saan iOMarry (YMCHblll.) Ha x 0 n Me (YMeHblll.) CTOH ... 3 5.

iOMHC (YMCHblll.) snan iOMarry (YMCHhlll.), no naume pacxaxaaax:

iOMarra (YMCHblll.) OTKJIHKarraCb B rnyfiane 3aKpOMa.

iOMHC (YMCHblll.) noaen iOMarry (YMCHblll.) TaHllCBaTb no naunre:

iOMarra (YMCHblll.) nofexcana pbICUO~, iOMHC (YMCHhlll.) - sa HC~ ranonora.

iOMHC (YMCHblll.) HIllCT iOMarry (YMCHhlll.) no nautae pacxaxuaaa;

Bpareu auier HCBCCTYllIKY,

Y CCCTPHU Cnp3.IllHBaH.

H r.n,

"eM.: Neuland L. Op. cit., S. 12-13. 3ACCb lKC AaHHblC 0 iOMHee B HCTO'IHHKaX XVIII B. HHTCPCCHO, 'ITO B cnoaapax MaHucnHJI, Jlanraa, AAonb<pH (XVII B.) cnOBO OTCYTCTBYCT.

33 B CBCTC OCHOBHoro MH<pa H CBJl3aHHbIX C KJIIO'ICBbIM ero MOTHBOM nCKCCM OC.OfiCHHO nOKa3aTcnCH BapHaHT: Jumeits per e Jumalenu 'iOMHC 6beT (per-, cp. cnaa,

"per-ti.; *pbr-ati: "Per-urn. H T.rr.) iOMarrCHH' (cp.: Jumedz piira jumalefz. Bonsrep.

C. 87, NQ 8).

340 MOTHBC Bon 0" C, CBH3aHHDM MClKAY npO'IHM C lKCHCKHM ncpCOHalKCM OCHOBHoro MH<pa, CM.: HeaHoe B.B., Tonopoe B.H. HccncAoBaIDIH ... , c.49-50, 200 (cp. BonoCblHU, B/lacoJICe/lu~u C AarrbHC~llIHMH CBJl3J1MH C BO/loCOM, npOTHBHHKOM fPOMOBcplKua, B peKOHCTpYKUHH - B03MOlKHbiM nOXHTHTenCM cro lKCHbl) .

"Cp. HaXOlKACHHC fPOMOBCPlKUa aa xonssc HITH ropc B pasasrx TPaAHUHJlX, B '1aCTHOem, B l'iarrTH~CKO~ (cp. nHT. Perkiinas gYI'eno iemeje, aukhame neprieiname k a I-

II e H r.n.) , 0 '1CM rroAP06HO rracanocs B npyror-t MCCTC.

153

B pane CJJY'IaeB asrcrynaer If MaT b IOMlfca:

Jumisarn kreklu devu, IOMHcy (YMeHhill.) Jl P;aJI Py6aIllKY,

Juma mat e i paladzinu, Marepa IOMHea nOKphIBaJIO

L 6 H zip.

Hexoropsre xapaxrepncnncn IOMlfca If 'lJIeHOB ero ceMblf }J,ocTaro'IHo}J,lfarHOCTlf'IHbI lfMeHHO B KOHTeKCTe C 10 )!( e THO H cxewsr OCHOBHoro Mlf<pa. TaK, nanpasrep, lOMlfcy, naxonsnrexryca na naunre lfJIlf na XOJIMe (CM. BbIwe), rrpOTlfBOrrOCTaBJIeHbI ero )!(eHa IOMarra If nera, HaXOMI1.J1ieCJi B r JI Y - 6 If H e aaxpoxra, B H If 3 y. IOMlfC If IOMarra B npannane paasenaaenu: OH 30BeT CBOIO )!(eHY, He BlfM ee; OHa OTKJIlfKaeTCJi eM/6. Jluun, B pnryarrsHOH IIJIJiCKe aa naume oaa }J,OJI)!(HbI COe}J,lfHlfTbCJi3 7. Ilpyroa MOTlfB, CBJi3bIBalOI1.J1iH IOMlfca C 'lJIeHaMlf ero ceMblf, - 6 If T b e ax KaK PlfTYaJIbHOe aaxasaaae aa KaKoH-To npocrynox, B pe3YJIbTaTe xero YBeJIlf'IlfBaeTCJi rrJIO}J,oponne (cp. B03MO)!(HYIO mrrepnperaumo non 3TlfM yrnosr 3peHHJi cnan. "obilsje KaK 0603Ha'IeHlfJi 60raTCTBa, B 'IaCTHOCTlf, If xrre6a, npa "biti '6lfTb', 'ITO, KOHe'IHO, naxax He nporaaopesnr If "TeXHOJIOrlf'IeCKOH" MOTlfBlfpOBKe: 066lfBaHlfe KOJIOCbeB C ueJIbIO rrOJIY'IeHlfJi aepen). Cp.:

HO, C TO'IKH spenna 06beKTa rrpeCJIe}J,OBaHHJi, T.~. casroro lOMHca) 40, npyrae TeKCTbI rrO}J,'IepKlfBaIOT TeMY rrpeCJIe}J,OBaHHJl 1 C TO'lKH 3peHHJi npecne}J,OBaTeJIJi If rr03TOMY 60JIec rrO}J,p06HO OCraHaBJIlfBalOTCJi na TCX }J,eHCTBlfJiX, KOTOPbIC rrpCCJIe}J,OBaTeJIb HarrpaB11JiCT np01HB IOMlfca. OC06CHHO rrOKa3aTeJIbHbl B 3TOM OTHoweHHH }J,aHHbI 0 TaK Ha3bIBaCMOM "JIbHJiHOM" IOMHCC. Cp.:

Jumeits kowa Jumalef Aiz materiu wolkodams BOJ1hTep, c. 87, NQ 9

MOTlfB 6lfTbJi 06HapY)!(lfBaeTCJi If B 60JIee 061l1eH rexre rr p e C JI e }J, 0 B aH If Ji IOMlfca, BO MHorlfX OTHOWeHlfJiX nepexnaxaroureiica C aHaJIOflf'IHOH TeMo» OCHOBHoro Mlf<pa. Ilpexne scero rro}J,'IepKHBaCTCJi MOTlfB 6 e r C T B a IOMlfca, nsrrarouierocs yiiTlf OT norona. Hexoropsre TeKCTbI, conepxaume 3TOT MOTlfB, nonycxaior rrOHHMaHlfC sroro 6erCTBa KaK rrOCJIe}J,OBaTeJIbHO-

ro nepetieraaaa OT onnoro 06beKTa, CBJi3aHHOro C ypoxaeer xnefia, K npyrOMY C rrOrrbITKOH cnpnrarsca, YKPbITbCJi OT npecnenonaana. Cp. TaKYIO uerrb, KaK CHorr -+ CKlfp}J,a -+ KorrHa -+ KJIeTb -+ 3aKpOM (aasne -+ BHYTPb, none -+ X03JiHCTBeHHoe nosreurenae] 3 8 :

IOMHC K0J10THJ1 IOMaJIeHJl,

3a B0J10ChI (ero) TaCKaJi (B0J10'la)

Ne vinam cik nav labi, Kaitam l y n u JumeiSam:

Pies aiz motu, grlz jogolvu, Velju boz iudini

, BW 28354, 9 434a

Nadiid, DTvi{t, taidas dzeives Kaida dzeive I Y n u J u 111 e i:

Raun aiz motu, car parkaklu, Gryuz liZ golvas yudeni

BW 50259

Cp, raxxce CYllICCTBeHHblw MOTlfB II JI C T C H H Jl (CKPY'IlfBaHHJi, nepeKpYlJJI.BaHHJi) IOMHca: Ai, meitinas, ai masinas.f Pi n i e t Jumi p i n i t e ... (BW 28514 290cf, 293, 298h, 300a, 3604) "Ow, neaausr, ow, CCCTPHUbI,1 CrrJIeTaWTe IOMlfCY B rrJICTeHHUY (KOCY) ... " .

Bee 3TH nerana MOTlfBa rrpCCJICLJ,OBaHlfJl lOMlfca, xacaroumeca, B 'Iacrnocrn, onepanna, C nosroutsro KOTOPbIX rrpeCJIe}J,OBaTeJIb nerpopxcrpyer IOMlfca (lf3MeHHCT ero 0611lfK), rr03BOllHlOT HC rrpOCTO COOTHCCTlf lfX C TCM )!(e MOTlfBOM 061l1ew cxeersr OCHOBHoro Mlf<pa, HO If CBJi3aTb 3TH }J,eTaJIH C COnepurenno KOHKpeTHOH sepcnea OCHOBHoro Mlf<pa, B KOTOPOH npecnenyeMbIM OKa3bIBaeTCH nepcomepnuapoaaansra 06pa3 aexoero pac T e H If Ji (TO'lHCe - rr 11 0}J, a), aanxrouteroca lfJIlf OCHOBHOH mnueaoa KYJIbTYPOH (3JIaKlf If r.n.}, lfJIlf Ma repaanosr }J,JIJi npuroroanenua XMeJIbHOrO namrnca (rrHBO, BHHO, ranrnouaaorennsre narrarxa If r.n.) , cp., nanp., CIO)!(eTHYIO cxer-ty raxax TeKCTOB, KaK ",I1,)!(OH - R'IMeHHOe 3epHO" If T.}J, 3Ta BepCHJi OCHOBHoro Mlf<pa, K KOTOPOW, aecosmenao, npuaannezorr If 3Ha'IHTeJIbHaJi 'laCTb TCKCTOB 0 IOMlfCC, 6bIJIa npoaaanasupcaaaa B npyroxr MeCTe panee" ~

HHKOMY He 6hIBaeT TaK nexopouro,

KaK 3TOMY J1hHJlHOMY IOMHCY (YMeHhIll.):

PBaJIH aa B0J10Chl, OTpe3aJIH eMY rOllOBY, H nOTOM euie 3aCYHYJ1H B BOP;Y' 2 .

He P;~, 60lKC, raxoa lKH3HH, KaK lKH3Hh J1bHJlHOrO IOMHca:

PsYT sa B0J10Chl, rtepepesaior utero, TOllKaIOT llO rOllOBY B BOIJ,y.

Jumis bedza runina, No runinas gubina, No gubinas kletil}a, No kIetiI}a apcirknl

BW 28531 125b

B OT11H'Ilfe OT TeKCTOB aroro THIIa, onacsmaiounrx nepesremeaae IOMHca

B npocrpancrse 'Iepe3 yxasaaae MeCT, -rne OH YKpbIBaeTCJi (If, CJIe}J,oBaTeJIb-

40 Cp, euie: Kur, Jumiti, glabajies I Siidu garu vasarinu? I Kletind aizdurve. I Jaunu meitu puri~ii. BW 28542; 239b; 276a: 279c; 293; 298a, c; 301 '; 302; 317c; 369 Tne , IOMHc, ThI CKPhIBaJICJl I 3THM P;OJ1rHM J1eTDM? I B KJ1eTH aa ABephIO, I B nape Y MO, J10p;0ll: p;eJlHUhI'. Haorna 3TO CKphIBaHHe ce6Jl pacyercs KaK COH: Kur, Jumiti, tu

g u Ie j i Sa garo vasarinu ... ? BW 28543 69 'Fne, IOMHC (ysreusnr.), ThI crran i3THM p;OJ1rHM J1eToM ... ?' H T.rr.

4 I Cp.: Vysapleik Jumi dzynu, lAp t17 uSa ezerinu; I Se sadzynu, se saiemu, I Lela kunga teirumd, BW 50269 '51 nOBCIOP;Y npeCJ1ep;OBaJI IOMHca, I Boxpyr xcenesoro osepna: I 3p;ech Jl (ero) nornan, 3p;eCh Jl (ern) noll:MaJI, I Ha naunre fionsnroro X03JlHHa'; Vi· su dienu Jumi dzinu I Pa lielo tiruminu ... BW 28558 '51 sees p;eHh rtpecnenosan IOMHca I no 6ollhilloll: naunte ... ' HJ1H: Steidzies mate ar meitiim I Jumi nemt tirumii ... BW 50267 'Cneura, Mars, C p;eBHuaMH I IOr.mea noitMaTb aa naume .. .'. ~ T.rr.

42 CYIIIeCTBeHHa CBJl3h rrpecnenyeworo IOMHca C BOil 0 ll: (cp. TaKYIO lKe CBJl3h C BOp;oit rrpOTHBHHKa I'powoaepscua; B '1aCTHOCTH, on npaverca B BOP;Y). Cp, TpaHC¢OpMHPOBaHHhill: MOTHB 6aHH (nona X orous) B BW 50261: PiertT vin izapere 'B 6aHC

ero BhIKyrraJIH' (0 IOMHce). '

43 CM.: Tonopoe B.B. 3aMeTKH 0 paCTHTeJ1hHOM KOlle OCHOBHoro MH¢a. - B KH.: 0311- KaHcKHit lIHHrBHCTH'!eCKHit C60pHHK. M., 1976, C. 196-207; OH )ICe. CeMaHTHKa MIl¢0J10rH'IeCKHX npencraarrenna 0 l'PH6aX. - B KH.: Balcanica. JIHHrBHCTH'ICCKHe HCCJ1ep;OBaHHJl. M., 1979, ocofienao c. 270 H CJ1ep;.: H up,

155

I .~

36 He HCKJ1IO'IeHO, 'ITO B peKoHCTpYKUHH pevs MOlKeT HP;TH p;alKe 0 nexoesr rrop;06HH AHaJIOfa MelKP;Y IOMHcoM Hero lKeHoit.

37 B nexoropsrx Tpap;HUHJlX (nanp., B aMepHHACKHX) CYIIIeCTBYIOT PHTYaJIbHhIe TaHUhI ("MYlKCKHe" H "lKeHCKHe"), CIOlKeT KOTOPblX C P;OCTaTO'lHoit Hap;elKHOCThIO CBJl3hIBaeTCJl co cxeraoa roro rana, 'ITO orpaxcena B OCHOBHOM MH¢e. BMeCTe C TeM MOTHB ranua, B KOTOPOM Y'IaCTBYIOT MYlKCKOit H lKeHcKHit MH¢OPHTYaJIhHhle nepcoaaxor, OTChIlIaeT K resre C B a P; h 6 hI H BceMY KOMlUIeKCY p0lKp;eHHJl-IUIOP;0POAHJl. Ha - KOHeu, YKa3aHHhIlt MOTHB npaypoxaaaerca B narsnucxoa Tpap;HUHH H HenOCpeIlCTBeHHO K nepKOHCY (cp.: Danca Dievs ar Perkoni ... BW 24044 HJ1H LTga Dievs ar Pirkoni ... BW 32955,1 H np.) HJ1H K ChIHOBbJlM 60ra (Dieva deli danci veda ... BW 33924 ).

38 C xapaxrepaoa llOBTOpJlIOIIIeitCJl KOHcTPYKUHell: 'OT' ('H3') ~ 'B' (Loc.).

39 CIOp;a lKe OTHOCJlTCJl TaKHe CJ1Y'IaH, KaK: Bedz, Jumiti, tee JumTti,INu niik tavi kera· jit}i, I Nu ndk pati saiminiece, I Jumi l}ert tirumii (LTdz l, 1749); Bedz , Juniiti, bldz, Jumiti.v Meitas dzina pakald! BW28521, 2 141) H np.

154

B HCi1 TaK)KC aKlJ,CHHIPYlOTCH MOTIfBbl rrOBJUI H CrrCAYlOw,HX aa IlOHMKOii. MOTHBOB 6HTbH, TpCIlaHHH, pa3MHHaHHH, TpCHHH, CKpY'IHBaHHH, CrrrrCTaHHH, BbITHrHBaHHH, pe3aHHH, paasrensvexaa, 6pOCaHHH B BOny.

113BCCTHaH aM6HBaJ1CHTHOCTb IlCpCOHa)l(CH OCHOBHoro MHl}>a (npecnenosarerrs = npecnenyexrsni) , 0 '1eM rmcanocs paHCC, oseaanna H B TeKCTax 0 lOMHce. Y)I(e YKa3bIBaJ10Cb, 'ITO OH He rorrsxo npecnenyesrsril, HO H npecnenonarens (uanp., u OTHOIllCHHH lOMaJ1CHH). Bonee 3aBYaJ1HpOBaHHOH oxassiBaeTCH CBH3b lOMHca C 06pa30M I'povosepaoia Hero TpaHcl}>opMaUHHMH aa ypOBHe aTpH6YTOB H HCKOTOPblX MOTHBOB. TaK, lOMHC CBH3aH C K a M HeM. Korna ero npecnenyior, OH IlpH'IeTCH non KaMCHb (CM. BbIIllC). Ho BMCCTC

C TCM OH B parte ilaHH K y C T umopsi na K a M H e, I.C. nenaer TO, 'ITO IlPHIlHCbIBaeTCH 60)l(eCTBeHHOMY KY3Heuy, H3rOTOBrrHlOw,eMY )lJ1H I'posroaepscua opyxcae H MCTarrrrH'ICCKHC '1aCTH KOHCKoro CHapH)I(CHHH. Cp.:

Jurnis pi6~US kaldinaja Tiruma uz a k men li ...

BW 28534 4(c

(Cp. TO )l(e .- B 50252 H HCCKorrbKO HHa'lC 50253--50254)

Juniits nak, Jumits nak ,

V a r p u k u sk i s rocina; V a r p u k u S ~ i s rocina, Va i n a d z i n s galvina

BW 50243

... Kur es liksu jumju k r o nT BW 28582 290[" 4 (Bew,CCTBCIrnbIH nnaa)

IOMHC (YMeHhlll.) ener, IOMHc (YMeHhlll.) ener, C nYlJKOM KOnOCheB B PYKe (YMeHhllI.),

C nYlJKOM KOJlOCheB B PYKe (YMeHhlll.),

C BeHKOM aa ronose (yr-teutan.)

... KYLla JI nonOlKY BeHOK IOMHca

3TH aTpH6YTbi lOMHca B TO'lHOCTH COBIlanalOT C OIlHCaHHeM BHCIllHOCTH 5lpHrrbi B 6crropYCCKOH TPanHUHH (pxansre xorrocsa B rrCBOH PYKC, BCHOK H3 nortea srx USCTOB Ha ronoae'"'}, OrqaCTH - C OIIHCaHHHMH lOpHH - ErOpHH •

Euie fionee O'lCBH)lHaH OTCbIJIKa K xapaKTCpHCTHKaM, CBH3aHHbiM C TpoMOBCp)I(lI,eM, 06HapY)I(HBaeTCH B OrpaHH'IeHHHX aa /lHH nenena, xorna MO)l(HO HMCTb neno C lOMHCOM. qeTBepry KaK /lHlO I'posronepscua COOTBCTCTBYe'r TOT )l(C nens, H36HpaCMblH )lJ1H TOrO, '1T06bI B3HTb lOMHca, Cp.:

IOMHC KOBan umopsi

Ha K a M H e aa naunre ...

MOTHB K 0 BaH H H Ba)l(CH H caM IlO cefie, TCM fionee, 'ITO nepenxo OH IlOHBrrHCTCH B nHarHOCTH'ICCKH Ba)l(HOM oxpyscemra. Cp., C op;Hoii CTOPOHhl:

Jumits vagus k a l d i n a j a Deviniem ratiniern,

Ka va:etu rudzu~ miezus Kletina ritiniit

, BW 50244

(cp. sapaaarsr: Jumeits rotus kaldiniija; Jumits va1as kaldindjas, rne CO'lCTalOTCH MOTHBbl KOBaHHH, P;CBHTH (xonec) H 3rraKOB, H, C npyroji CTOPOHbI:

Es atradu rudzu Jumi De v i n'a m varpiJ;iam:

Sogad bus tau tu dels De v i n i e m kumeliern.

LTdz 1,1746

IOMHC (YMeHhllI.) KOBan KoneCHHUY C L1eBJlThIO xonecasm,

lIT06hl MO)f(HO 6hInO POlKh II JllJMeHh Ilepexarurs B xners.

Ne piektdien Jumi nemu, Ne bez saules vakara; , Otradien, C e t u r die n,

Kli saulite launaga.

BW 50258

(Bap.: Pie k t die n Juma nenemiet]

HH B n!ITHH!lY IOMHca He B03hMY, HH aexepow, nocne aaxona comma:

Bo BTOPHHK, B seraepr,

Korna conasuuxo B 3eHHTe (na nonneas) 46.

)KcpTBeHHOC )l(HBOTHOe lOMHca, KaK MO)l(HO CY)J;HTb IlO BW 50253, TO )l(C, 'ITO H Y I'posrosepxna - K 0 3 err. B YKa3aHHOH p;aHHe nocne npaasraa K lOMHCY aasrecTH sonoroa MemoH sepna B xysy coofiuiaerca:

.H nauren pxcaaoro IOMHca C p;eBJlThlO KOIlOCbJiMH:

B ::ITOM rony 6yp;eT napens C p;eBJlThlO nouransjaa,

Vokora u 0 z i kausim Dzaltonim radzinim.

Besepora 3aKonCM K03J1a C 30nOThlMH pOlKKaMH.

OC06blH mrrepec npencraanaer 06HapY)I(HBaCMbIH B naHHaX MOTHB IlHpa [rosaee - ero Ilop;rOTOBKH) IlO cnysaro roro, 'ITO il e T H MaTYIllKH IlOHMaJ1H lOMHca. 3TOT MOTHB H CaM IlO ce6e H ocofienno B CBH3H C H3blKOBOM I}>0PMOH ero usrpascetraa HaXO)J;HT y6C)J;HTerrbHblc aHaJ10fHH B paryanax (H coOTBCTCTBYlOW,HX onHcaHHHX HX) napa, YCTpaHBaeMOro B '1eCTb nofiensr I'poMOBep)f(ll,a Han IlPOTHBHHKOM H - B KOHTeKCTe KOMIlrreKca IlrronOpO)J;HH -

B CBH3H C y60pKOH ypO)l(aH (cp. naansre 6anTHHCKOH TPaAHUHH 0 nHpIllCCTBeHHblX ofipanax no crrysaro oceHHHX Ilpa3/lHHKOB y60pKH ypoxcaa) 4 7 • TH-

rile IlpCilCTaBnCHO HCCKorrbKO HHOC CO'lCTaHHe MOmBOB·- nCBHTb (KonOCbCB H nouranea) , snaxa; 0 neBHTH IUIH IllCCTH KOHHX (cp. BW 28544 216b; 28548 293ab) lOMHca Y)l(C rosopanocs, KOHH H KOnCCHHlI,a B CBH_3H C lOMHCOM OTCbmalOT K aHarrOrH'IHbIM aTpH6YTaM I'posronepacua; KaK H nocnen - HHH, lOMHC BblC3)1(aCT aa KOrrCCHHlI,C, 3anpH)I(CHHOH KOHHMH, B none, I1 '!HC no nesars H 3naKH, KaK xopouro H3BCCTHO, TaK)I(C COOTHOCHTCH C 06pa30M I'poerosepxua B pane BepCHH OCHOBHOro MHl}>a, oc06eHHO C TaKHMH ero HIlOCTaCHMH, KOTOPblC HaH60rrec TCCHO CBH3aHbi C HP;CCH nnonoponaa, ypo)l(aH (cp. Hpany). lOMHc ofinanaer eure pHnOM aTpH6YTOB, xo ropsre, sepoHTHO, nOrr)l(Hbl 6blTb COIlOCTaBnCHbl C xapaKTcpHCTHKaMH 5lpHrrbi H acero 3TOro xrracca 60)l(CCTB. PC'Ib nner npescne scero 0 30 nOT 0 H M C T IT C, KOropyio, BHnHMO, cnenyer IlOHHMaTb KaK IlY'IOK K'O IT 0 C b C B, HOB e H-

K e. Cp.:

44Cp. raxxe B 28551 298h H I1,p.

4. CM.: /1pe611J1HCKul1. oenOPYCCKHe aaponasre npenaaxs. - )J(MHIl, 1846, npanozc. I. 4 6 Cy~eCTByeT H CYTO'lHOe orpanasenae na B3J1THe IOMHca - Hi! yTpOM, HI! aesepoer

nenars aroro Henh3J1. YLl06Hoe BpeMJI -- nonnens. Cp.: Laiku Jumeiti sajemu, I Ni reita ta vokord, I Pasii dines vidend I Silrejii sauleite BW 28546 425. K CBJl3H comma C IOMHCOM cp. BW 50265: &u,1a svidrus tacynuo, I Jumalenis gaideidama 'Corraue 3aCTaFnaer CrpYHThCJI nOT, I (Korna) OlKHp;aIOT IOManeHJI'.

47 CM.: Mannhardt W. Letto-Preussische Gotterlehre. Riga, 1936. - 3L1eCh lKe YMeCTHO ynoMHHaHHe co06~eHHJI Il. <lIa6pHUHyca (1610 r.) 0 npa3p;HH'lHOM napnrecrae, nOCBJIllJ,aeMOM Ilepxoncy, lJT06hl H36aBHThCJI OT aacyxa. Cp.: Observant quoque hanc consuetudinem in hodiernum usque diem, quando magna et siccitas terrae, in defectu pluviae, solent in collibus inter densissimas sylvas tonitrua adorare, eique immolare

157

Jam, :Tum.t, z a 1 t a S I Ii t U, B03hMH,IOMHc (yr-reasur.}, 30noTyIO MeTny,

Slauki vuorpos paka!a BhlMeTH KOnOCbJi aocnen.

BW 50250, 5-6 (Bap.: zam peleka akmintim

156

Ilexa, MaTYWKa, nWeHH'IHbll! xne6, nena!! cnanxoe IIHBlJ.O.

BOT npaexamr TBOH ne'ru,

Pxanoro IOMHca nonsraaura.

Yxaaanaue MOTHBbI asrcryrtaror B nexoropsrx PYCCKHX nosrasecxax TeKcrax AeTCKOrO 4>onbKJIOpa, xoropsre na He3aBHCHMbIX OCHOBaHWIX 6bIDH rrpoaHanH3HpOBaHbI pansure KaK BblpmKAeHHbIH BapHaHT aaKa3aHHH fpOMOBep)I(ueM CBOerO MJIaAllIerO CbIHa ("HaKa3aHHC" MH3HHua - same acero). Ha noBCPXHOCTHOM ypoane pe% HAeT 0 pacnpenenenan HeKHX 6JIar BCeM K p 0 - Me onnoro (nocnennero, caxroro ManeHbKoro), KOMY B :nHX 6JIarax OTKa- 3aHO sa TO, qTO OR:

(A TbI Man ManeHeK:) 3a BOAHlJ.el! He XOAHn, Ilpoa He nocnn,

KaWKH He aapan ... H T.n.

ITOBbIMH AJIH OrrHCbIBaeMOrO MOTHBa HBJIHIOTCH TeKCTbl CJIeAYIOIUerO BHAa:

Cep , marnina , kviesu maizi, Dari saldu alutinu?" . Nu saniica tavi berni Rudzu Jumi sanernusl.

BW 2855987

(nap: Tavas meitas atnakusas - no-repa HAp.) HJIH:

Voi , mamina, maizi cepi, Voi dariji olfitenu?

Jau salt tovi barni, Rudzim Jumi sajarnus, BW 50268

CO CXOAHbIM CMbICJIOM. HeCKOJIbKO aaase pa3BepTbIBaeTCH TOT )l(e MOTHB B APYrHX /.I,aHHax:

Nac, JumTti, mils majas, ~e bus Iaba dzivosana:

Dosu maizi, dosu zirnus, Saldu alu nodzerties.'

LTdz 1,1751

HJIH:

Jurnitirn rausi cepu No trijam labibiirn:

No rudziern , no miefiem, No baltiem purlsiem.

LTdz I, 1763

npHAH,IOMHc (YMeHbw.), B Haw AOM, 3Aecb 6YAeT xopouras lKH3Hb:

51 AaM xne6a, AaM ropoxy,

Cnanxoro IIHBa HaIIHTbCIi.

(lIIeHH. Bernncopycc I, nsm. 1, c. 11, N° 45; cp. H nanee}, r.e. aa neyvacTHe B rrOL(rOTOBKe naptuecrsa.

Haxonen, rrry6HHHaH CBH3b ABOHHOrO rrJIOAa H IOMHca C CIO)I(eTHOH cxeMOH OCHOBHoro MHq,a H npescne acero C CaMHM fpOMOBep)l(UeM MO)l(eT 6bITb nonrsepxneaa ueJIbIM PHAOM THrrOJIOmqeCKHX rtapamreneii, ITpHqeM Hexoropsre >13 HHX 6bIJIH H3BeCTHbI Y)I(e AaBHO H rrpHBOIl,lfJIHCb KaK paa B CBH- 3H C IOMHcOM. K HHM OTHOCHTCH 06blqaH nepyancxax HHAeHueB, OITHCaHHble eure B XVII B. H CBH3aHHble C ABOHHbIM rrJIOAOM MaHca ("3apa-MaMa", MaHCOBaH MaTKa). 3TH ABOHqaTKH Cql{TanHCb cBHIUeHHbIMH, HX XpaHHJIH oco- 6bIM 06pa30M, YCTpaHBanHCb B CBH3H C HHMH paryansnsre ITHpllIeCTBa, rne aaxoroe MeCTO 3aHHManH IT JI H C K H; B 3aKJIIOqeHHe ABOHqaTKH MaHca »ceprBOBaJIHCb MOJIHHH, 60ry rpor-ra rro HMeHH Libiac: OHH csorranacs B aanexne na euie JIyqllIHH ypoxcaa B 6YAYIUeM49. Pa3YMeeTCH, I1pH 06cy)l(L(eHHH sonpcca 06 OTHOllIeHHH IOMHca K cxesse OCHOBHoro MHq:1a HY)l(HO 110MHHTb o AOBOJIbHO llIHPOKO pacnpocrpaaenaor-r 06bHcHeHHH rrpoHCXO)l(L(eHHH ABOHHbIX KOJIOCbeB, cnopsmsa OT ynapa M 0 JI H H H (cp. MOTlIB nopaxenaa MOJlHHeH rrpOTHBHHKa Fposroaepxna, B xaxecrae rcoroporo Mor asrcrynars Hero MJIaAllIHH CbIH) .

IToA06Hble napannenn 110MoralOT BcrrOMHHTb OIl,lfH Ba)l(HbIH q,aKT, rrOCTOHHHO BbIIlal1,aIOIUHH H3 rrOJIH 3peHHH MHomx HCCJleAOBaTerreH, a HMeHHO:

Fpovonepsceu, KaK rrpaBHJIO, asrcrynaer He TOJIbKO (H He CTOJIbKO) B q,YHKrum 60ra-BOHHa, 60ra-rr06e}],HTeJIH, HO H B q,YHKUHH fiora rr JI 0 }], 0 p o n H 51, COBrraAaH B 3TOM OTHOllIeHHH (npa scex pa3JIHql{HX) C IOMHCOM. B 6anTHHCKOH H CJIaBHHCKOH rpannuaax q,YHKUHH IlJIO}],0P0Il,lfH B CB513H C fpOMOBep)l(ueM OKa3bIBaeTCH HeCKOJIbKO orreCHeHHOH sa rrepHq,epHIO. IT03TOMY HY)l(HO OT}],aTb AOJl)l(HOe rrpOHHuaTeJIbHOCTH H HaCTOHql{BOCm Eaeaaiica B pacKpbITHH HMeHHO nOH q,YHKUHH Y narsnucxoro Ilepxonca so (cp.: Ko dosim Perkonam 1 Par vasaras grauduminu? 1 Lasti rudzu, lasti mieiu, 1 Pusbirkavu apin7su BW 28818 '4TO MbI }],aMM Ilepxoay 13a JIeTHHH pacxar rpoxra? 1 TH)l(eCTb (rpys, HOllIY) P)I(H, TH)I(eCTb HqMeHH, 1 ITOJl6epKOBua XMeJIH'; xapaxrepao rrpHTH)I(eHHe graudums :l melnie graudi 'cnopsrnsa', r.e. 'pacxar rpo-

Ilna IOMHca (YMeHhw.) napor H acnex 113 rpe x xne 60B :

113 PlKH, H3 H'IMeHIi;

113 6ellol! 03HMOl! nweHH'!KH.

Haorna MOTHB nexenaa xrrefion, BapeHHH xaurn H non, naerca B neraraaHOM MO}],yce H K TOMY)I(e COrrpoBO)l(L(aeTCH MOTIlBHPOBKOH, 06bHCHH)OIUeH, rroqeMY 3TH 06blqHble KYJIHHapHble onepauan He 6bIJIH BbIIlOJIHeHbI:

juvencam nigram , hircum nigrurn et galJum nigrum, quibus mactatis ritu suo conveniunt plurimi ex vicinia, ibidem convivantes et potiantes, invocando Per c u n u m, i.e. deum lonitra, omnium primo infudentes craterem cerevisiae, quem ter circumferentes circa ignem ibidem excitatum, postremo effundunt in ignern orantes Per C u - n u m, ut pluvias fundat et imbres. CM. rasoxe : Biezais H. Die himmlische Gotterfamilie der alten Letten. Uppsala, 1972, S. 141 et al.

48 CBli3h aapenua IIHBa C lKaTBol! (cp. lKaTBY KaK 06pa3 npecnenoaaaaa IOMHca), KaK H c ccopol!-npHMHpeHHeM, nOCTOHHHO nOA'IepKHBaeTcH B PYCCKHX HapOAHblX arpax rana "nHBO", "Bapars IIHBO" H Ln. Cp.: AU JlaoY-Jlaoy, OU naoy-naoy, I A WTO 6yoeM OeJlaTb?1 Mbl coenaeu n u e a ... 1 A WTO 6YOeM oenar« C 3TO<!0 n u e a? 1 Yce .11( a T b, JIC a r b,

»c a T b ... (Hrpsi HapOAOB. C60PHHK MaTepHanOB, COCTaBneHHbll! B.H. BceBonoACKHMI'eparpocc n np. M.-J1., 1933,c. 319-320); Mb! nusa HanbeMCJI,SCeu npuoep e M C JI ... 1 Mbl nus a HanbeMCJI, ece U nOMUpUMCJI ... (TaM lICe, C. 321) HAp. 113- BeCTHbi H 6anrnl!cKHe napannerm.

158

lU"medz para jurnaleri Pa teirum' dzanfidams:

Kam nawira bizes putres, Kam nacape plocerielsu!

Born-rep, C. 87, NQ 8

HJIH:

Jurneits kOW3 [umal'en Aiz rnateriu w~lkodams:

Kam mawira I'elos maizes, Karu plotenes pliksinoj.

BOJIbTep, C. 87, NQ 9

IOMHC (yraensur.) xorroran IOManeHH, no naume rOHHHCh:

Orvero He caaparr OH rvcron KaWH, OT'IerO He acnex OH rraporos!

IOMHC (ysrcnsm.) KOnOTHn IDManeHH, 3a sonocsr TaCKaH (ero) :

nO'IeMY He HCIIeK 60nhllJHe xnefisr, nO'IeMY BaTpYWKH He nparoroaan.

49 CM.: Mannhardt W. My thologische Forschungen. Aus dem Nachlasse von Wilhelm Mannhardt hrsg. von H. Patzig. Berlin, 1884, S. 343-344;ldem. Roggenwolf und Roggenhund.

Danzig, 1865. - B CBJl3H C IOMHCOM CM.: Bo.isrep :l.A. YKa3. co'! . .' C. 82-83. _

'0 CM.: Biezais H. Op. cit., S. 136 f. (6. Perkons und der Fruchtbarkeitskulr ). Cpo raxzce : Hopkins S. Indra as a God of Fertility. - JAOS, 1916, vol, 36, p. 242 -268;Meyer J.J. Trilogie altindischer Machte und Festc der Vegetation. Zurich-Leipzig, 1937 HAp. (na ApeBHeHH)JJ1l!CKOM MaTepHane).

159

Ma' :::> 'cnopsntsn') . AHaJIH3 TeKCTOB 0 lOMHce see BpeMH noaapauiaer HCcne)J,OBaTeJIH K rrpO)J,on)f(eHlfHM H TpaHc¢opMaUHHM 06pa30B I'por-tonepxcua Hero rrpOTHBHHKa B OCHOBHOM MH¢e. 113MeH'lHBocTb H aM6HBaJIeHTHOCTb lOMHca COCTaBJImOT OpHfHHaJIbHYIO xepry aroro MH¢Orr03TJ1lleCKOro rrepconasca, nepenxo BeCbMa 6JIH3KOrO K rany TpHKCTepa B npyrnx TpaLll1UHHx. 3TO nsoeaae "nsoanoro" lOMHca rrpOHBJIHeTCH BO MHorHX MOTHBax, C HlfM cIlH3aHHbIx, HO B KOHTeKCTe TeMbI nnonoponaa (B '!aCTHOCTH, B KOMIIJIeKce "csreprs" - "nosoe poxnenae" - "B03pacTaHHe rrJIo)J,0p0Lll1H") CTOHT OTMeTHTb euie O)J,HY Ba)f(HYIO ocobennocrs: KaK npecnenyesrsra CBOHMH npeCJIe)J,OBaTeJIHMH lOMHC IIPH'!eTCH B cxnpne, cnone, KJIeTH, aacexe HJIH nOLI KaMHeM, HO KaK "YMHpalOll(HH H BOCKpeCalOll(IiH:" nyx )f(H3HH51, lOMHC

"cnar na KOHue naunra non cepsni )J, e p HOM" (Kur, jumeit'(u), tu gul 'eia ... ? I Teirumeha gal'ena I Zam palaks welenen. BOJIbTep, c. 85, N° 4), r.e. B 3 e M II e. 4pe3BbI'!aHHO HHTepeCHO, 'ITO CJIOBO )J,JIH 0603Ha'!eHHH nepaa JITIll. velena

(JIHI. I'eli/na), 0 KOTOPOM CM. ME 4, 529; LEW 1218, MO)f(eT 6bITb COOTneceno He TOJIbKO C H.-e. *I)el- 'psan,' (cp.: POB : Ball), 'pyunrn,', HO H C 0603Ha'!eHHeM HH)f(HerO uapcrsa, ero rrOBeJIHTenH Ii ero 06HTaTeJIeH:-rrOKOHHHKOB (cp. rrnn. Vels, Vielona, Walla-Manes, Veins, JIHI. Velnias, veil, velionis (cp. velfnes, )J,eHb rrOMHHOBcHHH MepTBbIx) pyc. Benec H r.n.) 52. TaKHM 06pa30M, K ysce YKa3aHHbIM KOpHHM, K0Lll1PYIOll(HII1 3JIeMeHTbI OCHOB-

noro MH¢a (*per-, *g~ hen-, *ak'men- H np.) , CJIe)J,yeT rrpHcoeL9fHHTb euie O)J,HH H3 'lHCJIa cavrsrx Ba)f(HbIX - *yel-, rrOCKOJIbKY HMeHHO HM 0603Ha'!aJI-

CH rrpOTHBHHK J'posroaepscza B OCHOBHOM MH¢e. He pas OTMe'!aBIllaHCH arpa raxoro pona B 3BYKOBble CTaJIKHBaHHH, rrpHTH)f(eHHH, figura etyrnolog i-

ca H r.n. paano xapaxrepasyer H yxe BOCCTaHOBJIeHHble ¢parMeHTbI H3bIKOBOH <pOPMbI OCHOBHoro MH<pa, H peansao 3aCBHLleTeJIbCTBOBaHHble rpparMeHTbI JIaTbIUICKHX )J,aHH 0 lOMHceS 3.

S 1 CBJl3b CMepnl, YMlfpamlH e Y ABO C H H 0 II lKlf3HbIO (ee ClfMBon - ABOII'laTKa) B naruurcxon TPaLJ,Hl~J.1H anrnccrpapyerca If nplfMepaMH IfHoro mna. Cp.: Jana mate rudzus brida,l Samta svdrkus paceluse i v Kur noliiza v i e n' v ii r p i n a, I Turuzauga div'

v ii r pin as. BW 32543 'Mart, ~Hlfca 6p0LJ,Hna no PllGl, I OOAHliB fiapxarayro 106KY; I I'ne OLJ,HH xonoc (YMCHblll.) cnowana, I TaM asrpacramr ABa iconoca (yraeasur.) '. B ananoI'H'lHOM KOHTeKCTe BMeCTO lii~a mate MOlKeT nsrcryna n, If Saule 'conune ', ep. BW 32545, 32532,6, rne, B '1aCTHOCm, 06'hllCHJleTCli ClfMBonlf4eCKoe 3H34eHlfe 106KIf: ... Kad izbrida rudzu lauku, I Tad nolaida samta svdrkus 'Korna OHO (Conaue) npouino xepes pscaaoe none, ITo OHO cnycrarro 106KY, Ifnlf: Pacel, Saule, lindracinus, I Lai ziedini nenobira 'nO/l,HIfMH, Cortune, 10604KIf, I OYCTb UBeT04KIf He OCbwaIOTClI'. J10MaHlfe xonoca ("CMepTb") B BW 32543 asrcrynaer K3K MOTlfBlfpOBKa noxanenns !l Boll H 0 r 0 xortoca C'YABOeHHall lIGI3Hb").

5' 3TO natirnoncnac Morno 6b! fihlTb nonracpxneao euie onaoa IfHTepnpeTaUlfeil-peKOHCTPYKUlfClt. KaK 1f3BCCTHO, IOMlfC npsxerca He ronsxo zam palaks welehen, HO dzi/'(a) oriida d i b y n ii, T.C. aa n H C rnyrioxoro 3aKpOMa (sacexa) . Kate nacanocs B npyrora Mecrc, C 0603Ha4cHlfliMIf nna runa rrrm. dibens, dubens, nar. dugnas (:dubti, nrur. dubt) ,

cnas . "dsno If T.n. - 1f3 *dub- « If.-e. "dheubh-) Mornlf 6blT~ CB1I3aHbI l!a3BaHlfli raxux XTOHlf4CCKlfX ncpcoaaseoa, Ka1< BCUlfllcKlfli "3MCII my6lfH" Ahi Budhnya, np-rpe«, n6liwv, C.-XOpB. H'tJonOK If r.n., npcncraanaroutac e0601llfHBcpmpoBaHHble sapaanrsi roro lKC xopns.

5' He craas 3!lCCb cefie uenuo BbIJlCHeHlfC nonnoro COCTaBa raxa x 3BYKOBbIX qmryp, MOlKHO nlfillb OTMcmTb re 1f3 HIfX, 'ITO CB1I3aHbI C HMCHeM.IOMlfca (xarrp., wisu dfnu J u m i ia m u ... BO~bTCJ" c. 84, N° 2a 'Bees !lCHb 1I IOMHca<nopblHhlO 6pana ... ' IfnH J!:!. 6! e _ "It ... ( c i r u III C n u ... TaM )f(C, N° 2b If r.n.) Hnlf C HCKlfMIf Ba)f(HbIMIf MOTIIBaMlI, '1acTO no MCllIaeMhlMIf H caMOC aasano (cp.: Wisu din u JU!iltl' d z1 n u ... TaM lKe, N° 2b - THnOBaJi <p0pMyna), a TaKlKC nO!l4cpKHYTb If X ofiHnHe.

160

I

Ilpa HeCOMHeHHOM CXO)J,CTRe pasfiapaexroa 3)J,eCh apXaH'tHOH: xynsrosoa IJ:paMhI, coxpauemroir B naThIUlCKHX )J,aHHax (oruacrn H B rrp03aH'IeCKHX ormcaaaax-nepecxaaax )f(aTBeHHbIX PHTYaJIOB C y'IaCTHeM lOMHca), H peiconCTpYHpOBaHHoro 6aJITHHCKOro (T3K)f(e CJIaBHHcKorO) MH¢a 0 npecnenonarene (B OCHOBHOM aapaanre - I'poxroaepaata}, aocxonauiero, fieccnopno , K annoeaponeacxoa CIO)f(erHOH cxexre, ocraerca He06xoLll1MhIM )J,OKa3aTb, 'ITO H B rtepaonauansnoxr HH)J,oeBpOrreH:CKOM H B 6aJITHHCKOM 6JIH3He'IHOM MH<pe MO)f(HO PCKOHCTpYHpOBaTh ry )f(e CaMYIO HCXO)J,HYIO CxeMY (MOTHBbI )f(e, B KOTOPbIX y'IaCTByeT lOMHc, orpaacaior TOJIhKO O)J,HY H3 ueITOrO pana aepCHH 6JIH3He'IHOrO MH¢a). B rrpOTHBHOM CJIY'Iae MO)f(HO 6hIJIO 6bI )J,YMaTh 0 KOHTaMHHaUHH IJ:ByX pa3HhIX MH¢OB, a He 0 B03MO)f(HOCm BbIBe)),eHHR O)J,noro f'.1H¢a (6JIIi3He'IHoro) H3 npyroro (0 fIpeCITe)J,OBaTeJIe) nyrext rpaac¢opMaUHH, CBH3aHHOH C rpe60BaHHHMH KOHKpeTHOrO cesonaoro pHTYaJIaS4•

B rrOJIh3Y »roro nocneznrero nonymeaas MO)f(HO rrpHBeCTH THrrOJIOfH'IeCKHe napannena. Co maCHO aUTeKCKOMY MH¢Y, 80 MHOrHX )J,eraJIRX COBlIanaiorueray C 6aJITHHCKOH KYJIhTOBOH )J,paMOH, KOr)J,a 60r Berpa Ha'IaJI npaHOCHTb B »cepray OCTaJIhHhIX 6oroB (aMepHH,LICKHH BapHaHT MOTHBa paant.rx noxoneanii fioron, yMepTBJIJlIOIUHX npyr npyra, cp. rpenecxyro TeorOHHIO H ee LlpeBHeBocT0'IHbIe - XYPpHTCKYIO, xeTTcKYIO - rrpOTOTHIlbI), 60r DJIH3- neu (KCOJIOTJIb) He 3aXOTeJI YMHpaTb H CTaJI MOJIHTb OCTaBHTb ero B )f(HBhIX. OH rax nnaxan, 'ITO rnasa Y Hero BbICKO'IHJIH H30p6HI. Korna npnuma eMY ovepens yMHpaTb, OH ytiescan B KYKYPY3Hoe nOJIe H TaM rrpeBpaTHJICH B KYCT C LI B 0 H H bI M C T e 6 JI e M, KOTOPbIH: xpecrsane Ha3bIB31OT rr03ToMY Xolotl (rro HMeHH 60ra). Ho ero TaM OTKPbIJIH Me)f()J,Y )],BYMH KYCTaMH. Torna OH yfiexcan BTOpH'IHO, CrrpHTaJICH cpena aras H rrpeBpaTHITCH B araay C )],BOHHbIM cTe6JIeM, KOTOpylO rr03ToMY Ha3bIBalOT Mexolotl. CHoBa ero Hallum, aa JTOT pa3 OH 6e)f(aJI B BO)J,Y H rrpeBpaTHJICH B aKCOITOrITH (aUTeK. a 'BO)J,a' +

55 C

+ xolotl '6JIH3Heu'). TaM ero CXBaTHJIH H rrpHHeCJIH B »cepray . XOLlCTBO

3rrH30Lla npes paurexaa 60)f(eCTBeHHoro DJIH3Heua, xoroporo rrpeCJIe)J,YIOT, B KYCT C )],BOHHbIM Cre6JIeM (HJIH rrnO)J,OM) B aUTeKcKoH H 6aJITHHCKOH (ITarbIWCKOH) BepcHHx HaCTOJIhKO BeJIHKO, 'ITO B 3TOH 'IaCTH MH¢a cnenyer YCMOTpeTb O)J,HH H3 rex YHHBepCaJIbHbIX MH¢OJIOfH'IeCKHX MOTHBOB, KOTOpsre 06beLll1HHIOT MH¢OJIOrHH Craporo H Hosoro Csera. 3TO CXO)J,CTBO IIpOCTHpaeTCH H na CXO)J,CTBO HMeHH fiora (Jumis, Xolotl ) H HMeHH COOTBeTCTsyrouiero )J,BOHHOro cenbCKOX03HHCTBeHHoro paCTeHHH (c )],BOHHbIM cTe6J1eM IiJIH KonOCOM). B03MO)f(HOe rrpO)J,OJI)f(eHHe MH¢a OTceKaeTCH reMH )J,aHHaMH, xoropsre JaKJ1HHaIOT lOMHca He 6e)f(aTb B BO)J,HYIO crnXHIO, 0 'IeM rosopanoes ssnue. B O)J,HOH H3 )J,aHH lOMHca nOBHT Y osepxa (ezerinu, BW 50269).

BbIBOLlbI THrrOJIOrH'IeCKOrO cpaBHeHHH OKa3bIBaeTCH B03MO)f(HhlM COOTHecTH C )J,aHHbIMH cpaBHHTeJIbHO-HCTopH'IecKoH annoeaponeacxoa MH¢0J10rHli.

B ormrsne OT finarononyvnoro OKOH'!aHHH ("C'IaCTJIHBOrO KOHua") nart.nu-

'4 EllJ,C O!llfH sapaaar 06'hliCHCHHlI - Hanlf4He B IIH!lOCB poneacxoa npesuocra nexoero aafiOp3 MOTHBOB, pcanH3YlOmHX TeMY nnozioponns , H3 MHOlKeCTBe KOTOPblX CTPOJlTCli rnse cnnsao nepecexaroumeca exer-ts: - OCHOHHoro MH<pa H 6nH3I1C'IHoro MIf<pa. PearIhHOCTb MOTIIBOB C04CTaCTCli C IfMnpoBlf33UlfOHHbIM (lfnlf finlf3KlfM K HCMY) xapaxrepov CIO)f(CTHblX exer-t.

5 sCM.: Krickeberg W. Miirchen der Az teken und Inka-Peruaner , Maya und Muisca, libersetzt , cingeleitet und erlautert. Jena , 1928, S. 18-19, 321 -322. Cp, auure !lpYI"OIi aapaanr ncpyaacxon MH<ponoreMbI 0 I1BOIIHOM nnOJIC H COOTHeT~TBylOllJ,ero paryana.

11. 331<. 136

161

CKOH KynbTOBOH ApaMbl, aoofiuie ornnvaiouieiica OnmMHCTH4CCKOH HaCTpOCHHOCTblO, AYXOM nCrKOH HrpbI, TOT MH<pOJIOrH4CCKHH rCpOH, KOTOPbIH no 3THMOJIOrHH HMCHH COBna)J,aCT C IOMHCOM, B npyrnx HHAOCBPOJICHCKHX rpa)J,HJJ,HHX nornoaer TaK )f(C, KaK aJJ,TCKCKHH KCOJIOTnb: ero npHHOCHT B )f(CPTBy. 3TO - Y4aCTb nCpB04CJIOBCKa Huupa (Ymir) B APCBHCHCJIaHACKOH rpa)J,HJJ,HH H nUMbl (Yima) B APCBHCHpaHCKoH. THnoJIorH4cCKOC CXOACTBO JJ.BYx nOCJIeAHHX HHAoeB poneacxax TpaLUfJJ,HH C paHHcMcKcHKaHcKoH YAOCTOBCPHCT 60JIbmOH apxaassr arax nocnCAHHX no cpaBHcHHIO C JIaTbIlliCKHMH rpparxienTaMH ApaMbI. IOMHC OCTaCTCH B )f(HBbIX WUI roro , 4T06bI B03POAHTbCH aa crrC)J,YIOI..JJ,HH ron. Ho caxro ero B03PO)f(ACHHC OT 3HMHCH ClH14KH B naiiaax onHCbIBaeTCH KaK 6erCTBO, BbIXO)J, H3 KJICTH, rne ero nepxar:

30M IOMHca, KOTOPOC B Y)f(C ynoxranaaureaca AaHHc nocpcACTBOM napanneJJH3Ma COOTHCCCHO C pasroaopoxr fipara H CCCTPIUl, 0 6 P a K e:

IOMHC (YMeHblll.) aure r IOMarry. no naunre pacxaacaaaz ;

E pareu auier HeBeCTYlllKY, Y ceCTpHU cnpannraaa ' 7.

Jumits meklej Jumalinas Pa flrumu staigadums:

Bra ITt s meklej IT g a v i 1,1 a s No masil;tam vaicadarns,

H}.U1,IOMHC (yreensnr.}, reneps aa none! Ts: npocnan ueny-o 3HMY.

Ha'lHH HOBoe nero (yvem.ru.},

OCBHTH aanra 3naKH (yweusut.) ,

L2

B )J,aHHC 06HapY)f(HBaCTCH pa3HTCJIbHaH napannern, K BC)J,HHCKOMY pasroaopy JiMbI (60)f(CCTBCHHoro _6JJH3HCJJ,a, HMH xoroporo Yama PO)J,CTBCHHO HMCHH Jumis) H JiMH (Yami, npOH3BO)J,HOC OT Yama), cro CCCTPbI, y6C)f()J,aIOI..JJ,CH ero BCTynHTb C HCH B 6paKs 8. B )J,aHHC TOT )f(C CIO)f(CT )J,aH napanJJCJJH3MOM, HO cpaBHCHHC C BC)J,HHCKHM rHMHOM nanpaunmaerca caxro CO- 60H. Morna H H JJ, C C TaB HH)J,OCBponCHCKOM 6JJH3HC4HOM MH<PC nOKa3bIBaC,CH, B 4aCTHOCTH, KCJJbTCKHMH H XCTTCKHMH napaJIJICJJHMH5 9, a OT4aCTH H CJJaBHHCKHMH aHarrOrHHMH (cp. )J,BOlIHOH JJ,BCTOK Hean-oa-Mapss H COOTBCTCTBYIOI..JJ,YIO MomSHpOBKY ero npOHCXO)f()J,CHHH).

.uPYrHC )J,CTaJlH MCHCC CYI..JJ,CCTBCHHbI )J,JlH CIO)f(CTa 6JIH3HC'1H0~0 MH<pa, HO Ba)f(HbI WiH YCTaHOBJJCHHH TO)f()J,CCTBa HCXO)J,Horo npOTOTHna )J,aHH 0 KlMHCC (H IOMarrc) H nporcrana JJ,HKJJa )J,aHH 0 "CbIHOBhHX fiora", yxaaomaroumx aa CBOCH CCCTPOH - ")J,04CPhlO COJJHJJ,a,,60. K HlfM OTHOCHTCH 4aCTbiC ynoMHHaHHH JIOwa)J,CH IOMHca (H ero 'MaTcpH'):

Ej , JumTti, nu uz lauku! Garu ziemu izgulejis. Saci jaunu vasarinu , Sveti milsu labThinu.

BW 28524,1441

HOBoc PO)f()J,CHHC CBH3aHO )J,JlH KlMHca C 06PH)J,OM OMOBCHHH. Y)f(C OTMC'IaBllIaHCH CBH3b IOMHca C B 0 )J, H 0 H CTHXHCH 06HapY)f(HBaCTCH H B TOM, 4TO nepen reM, KaK nsmycnrn, IOMHca H3 3aT04CHhH, ero 0 M hI B a 10 T (BCpOHTHhIH OT3BYK paryansnoro 04HmCHHH) :

AHarrorH4HbIH MOTHB B03HHKaCT H no OTHOlliCHHIO K npyroa "HnOCTaCH" IOMHca - JJbHHHOH, 04CM orvacrn Y)f(C rOBOpHJJOCh paHCC. Cp.: BW 28354, 9; 434a; BW 50259. ITPH B03MO)f(HOCTH TCXHOJJOrH4CCKOH HHTcpnpcTaUHH naHH KaK nOJTH4CCKOro onacamm 06pa60TKH JIbHa cpaaaenne C rrpnaenenHbIMH rraparrJJCJIHMH n03BonHCT )J,aTb H 60JJce rrry6HHHYlO mrreprrperanmo, npa KOTOPOH MO)f(HO 6b1JlO 6bI BH)J,CTh B )J,ByX nOCJJc)J,HJfX sapnaarax H apxaH3M: ncpcOCMblCJJCHHOC ormcanae rH6CJJH norpyxaevoro B BO)J,y, HO aaTCM O)f(HBJJHCMOro IOMHca. He3aBHcHMo OT rrpaBHnhHOCTH rro)J,06HoH HHTCpnperanna (ocTaIOI..JJ,CHCH, KOHC4HO, Hc06H3aTCJIbHoH), 6cccnopHO, 4TO BO BCCH KYJIhTOBOH npaxre 6crcTBo IOr-mca nOBTopHCTCH (B0306HOBJIHCTCH) exceronHO: KaK TOJJhKO aacrynaer HOBLTH CCJJbCKOX03HHCTBCHHbIH JJ,HKJJ, KlMHca BbInycxaior (ocB060)f()J,aIOT) H3 cro 3aT04.<.OHHH.

To, 4TO HCXO)J,HaH KYJJhTOBaH )J,paMa, rpparMcHTbI KOTOPOH cOXpaHHJJHCh B naanax, 6bIJIa 6JJH3Ka KO BCCMY apxanxecxoxry UHKJJY 6arrTHHCKHX nCCCH (0 HHX MO)f(HO Cy)J,HTh, B 4aCTHOCTH, H' no HX OTpa)f(CHHHM B JJaThIlliCKOM nCCCHHOM <pOJJbKJJOpC), BocrrpoH3Bo)J,HI..JJ,HX 06I..JJ,CHH~OCB poncHcKHH 6JJH3HC4- HbIH MH<p, BH)J,HO H3 IJ,CJJoro pana Ba)f(HbIX nerarreii. TaK, npHBJJCKaCT K ce- 6c HHHMaHHC 06be)J,HHcHHC )f(CHCKOro ofipasa KlMarrbI56 C MY)f(CKHM ofipa-

56 <l>opMa HMeHH Jumala H npyrae, COAeplKaUjl1C 3nCMeHT Jumal., HC nnonae HCHbl B CBoeM

npOHCXOlKACHHH, npClK.l\e acero. H3-3a HBHOil: napanrrcna B 6arrTHil:cKo-¢HHCKHX H3blKax, rnc, BnpO'lCM, B03MOJKHO H panace 6arrTHil:cKoe 3aHMCTBOBaHHC. OAHaKo 60nee apxaaxnsre H penxac CPOPMbl HMCHH lKCHCKoro ncpcouaxa tJume, Juma H npOH3BOAHble YMeHblllHTCJIbHblC rana Jumite, Jumeite, Jumanitey Hc Bbl3blBalOT HHKaKoro cOMHeHHH B nnane HX COOTHCCCHHH C Jumis, Jums. BMCCTC C TeM Jumala, .lurnalena COOTHOCHMbl C MYlKCKHMH HMeHaMH C 3J1CMeHI0M ·1· rana Ju malen is.

162

Nivinam tai nabeja

Ke: tam rudzu Jumeisarn! Pierti vln izapere,

Otkon I~ida tTruma.

BW 50261

HHKOMY TaK He 6blBaeT,

KaK pJKaHOMY IOMHcy (ywensru.)! B 6aHC ero asncynana,

H CHOBa B nOJIe ero oTnYCTHJIH.

Kur tu brauci rudzu Jumi Se~i ber i kumelini?

BW 28544, 216b

Kas pieseja melnu zirgu Pie kulava durvtinarn? Rudzu Jurnis i pi~seja, Mie~u Jumis atrasTja.

BW 28539, 407k

B 6JIH3KOM KOHTCKCTC ynosranaerca '6YPbIl1 KOHb' (beru zirgu) MaTcpH IOMHca (BW 28538, 288, cp. BbIWC 0 THTyJIC "~aTb" no OTHOWCHlfIO K Xo- 3HHKC-)f(PHJJ,C B pHTyaJIbHOH npasre}. qHCJIO KOHCH, na KOTOPbIX C3)J,HT IOMHC, KaK YKa3bIBaJIOCb BbIWC, KOJJc6JJeTCR MC)f()J,y WCCTblO H )J,CBHTblO (cp. )J,CBHTh rOJJOB KlMHca, )J,CBHTb aaxpor-ros )J,JlH nero H r.n.}:

KYAa Tbl eneun., plKaHoil: IOMHc,

Ha CBOHX mecrx 6ypblX JIOlllaAHX (YMeHblll.)?

KTO npansaan '1epHOrO KOHH

Y BOpOT (YMeHblll.) 3epHOXpaHHJIHll(a? PlKaHOil: IOMHC ero npasxaan, ~'1MeHHblil: IOMHC npnaaaan.

Linu Jurnis Riga brauca Ar devini mclni zirgi, ..

BW 28548. 293a,b

nbHlfHoil: IOMHC noexan B Pary Ha AeBHTH xepnsrx KOHHX ...

'7 CM.: Neuland L. Op. cit., S. 172; HHTepnpeTaUHH aroro MOTHBa snccs, K COlKarreHHIO, OT-

CYTCTByeT. _ . 967 N0 I 3 31

$8 CM.: Schneider U. Yama und Yami (RV X 10). _ .. Indo-Iranian Journal, I , - ,p. ... .

s 9 CM.: HBaHoB B.B., Tonopoe B.H. HHAoeBponeil:~KaH ,MHCPOJI0rI;IH: -. B KH.: MHCPb; Ha~o-

2 M 1981' Dumezil G. My the et epopee. Types epiques indo-europeens: un

AOB MHpa, T. .., , H B B K MHOTH'IeCKoil: reopua

heros un sorcier un roi. Paris 1971, p. 244-280; BaHOB .. ce

, " .. B KH . TP"Abl no 3HaKO-

xapaaaana KaK HHBepcHH ABOH'lHblX npOTHBOnOCTaBJleHHn. - ..]

BblM CHCTeMaM, VllI. TapTY, 1977; Jlyua, ynasuraa C Hc6a. npeBHHH nnreparvpa Marron.

A3HH.M.,1977. '" B

60 CM.: H8aH08 B.B. Orpaxenae HHAoeB poneacxoa TepMHHOJIOl'HH 6J1H3H~41~oro MHcpa 6arrTHil:cKHX xasncax. - B KH.: EarrTO~JIasHHCKHil: C60pHHK. M., 1972, L. ";02 ~ cnen .. (TaM JKe narcparypa sonpoca) . Cp. TaKJKe cneuaansnoc HCCnei:\OBaHHe: Biezais H. Die .. himrnlische Gotterfamilie ... Ilapanncrnr K MOTHBY "noxcpca COJIHI~a" cM.:Pu~vel J. hiles du Solei!: folklore cstonien et mythologie indoeurop~enne ..... In: Studies In Estonian language and literature presented to Ants Oras. Stockholm, 1965, p. 155 .. -165.

163

Hexoropsre H3 npnaenenasrx cpOpMyJl, onncsmarourax B AaHHaX KOHeH lOMHCa, no-rm ,lJ,OCJlOBHO coananaror e onacaaaesr KOHeH, npHBR3bIBaeMbIX 60)l(eCTBeHHbIMH 6JlH3HeuaMH -- "CbIHOBbRMH 60ra", B naanax, rrOCBRmeH· HbIX :nHM rrOCJlenHHM. 3TO c6JlH)I(eHHe nenaer B03MO)l(HbIM CBR3aTb nocnenHHH MomB B UHI<Jle ,lJ,aHH 0 lOMHce C HH,IJ,OeBpOrreHCKHM lIpe,lJ,CTaBJleHHeM 0 KOHRX B CBR3H C 60)l(eCTBeHHbIMH 6JlH3HeuaMH - npeBHeHH.o;HHCKHMH AmBHHaMH, Ha3BaHHbIMH no eJlOBY asva- 'KOHb,6 I, rpeuecxnxra llHocKypaMH, ,lJ,peBHerepMaHCKHMH 6JlH3HeuaMH, %H H306pa)l(eHHR B BH,IJ,e KOHbKOB62 na xpsnue TO)l(,IJ,eCTBeHHbI 6arrTHHCKHM, B qaCTHOCm JlaTbIllICKHM H JlHTOBCKHM6 3 . Ilanasre corrOCTaBJleHHJI rrpe,lJ,CTaBJlJllOTCR TeM fiorree cynrecraenasrMH, 'ITO Tpa.o;HUHJI, CBJl3bIBalOmaJl C KOHJlMH re xce CPYHKl1,J1H (nermrensnsre) 6JlH3HeUOB, KOTOpbIMH orrnoranacs ,lJ,peBHeHH.o;HHCKHe AW;BHHbI, AO CHX lIOP OKa3bIBaeTCJI )l(HByqeH B JlRTOBCKRX nepeanax" 4 .

HeCMOTpJl na TO, 'ITO B JlRTOBCKOH Tpa.o;HUHH ,lJ,O CRX nop He 06HapY:>KeHO JTRMOJlOmqeCKH TOqHOro COOTBeTCTHJI nrur. iumis, necs xpyr CBH3bIBaeMbIX C lOMRCOM rrpencrasneaaa BhIRBJleH B JlHTOBCKOM CPOJlbKJlope, )1l1R 0603HaqeHHJI CXO,lJ,HbIX 06pa30B H 06pJl,lJ,OB HCrrOJlb3YlOmeM npyrne TepMHHbI65. 3,1J,eCb HeT He06xo.o;HMOCm aaanasnpoaars coornercrsyrourae ,'1HTOBCKHe MaTepHarrbI, HO TeM He MeHee ueJleC006pa3HO YKa3aTb HaR60Jlee pacnpocrpaneuaoe Ha3BaHRe nBOHtIaTKR - nnoiuroro nnona (0603HaqaeMOrO B JlaTbIillCKOM KaK jumis) H - WHpe - )J,BYCOCTaBHOH BelllH, a HMeHHO - JlHT. keimarys, keimerys, keimaris, keimeris. I1CKJllO'lHTeJlbHO noxasarensnsnr JlBJlJleTCJI rnaron keimaruotis, keimariuotis, keimeruotis, keimeriuotis, cpenn 3HaqeHHH xoroporo ocooenao Ba)l(HbI B CBeTe pa36HpaeMOH TeMbI TaKHe, KaK ')I(eHHTbCJI', 'BbIXO,lJ,HTb 3aMY)l(' • (cp.: A nuodu k. e i mar U 0 tea psi k e i - mar a v 0, t.y. apsiianiio , CM. LKZ V, 489-490). 3mMOJlOrHqeCKaJl pO,lJ,HJI JTHX CJlOB, BOCXO,lJ,JlmaJl K a.e. *k 'eim-/*k 'oim-, 06HapY)I(HBaeT He MeHee HHrepecnsre 3HaqeHRJI. Cp, JlHT. kaimas ',IJ,epeBHJI', kaima, kaime, kiemas, nrur,

ciems (nnan. cicmai , npyccx, caymis (rrpa TOM, 'ITO )l.TIJI nepaona XIIXIV BB . nepesna, KaK npaaano , 06'be.o;HHJI}Ia, BH.o;HMO, tI Jl e HOB C e M b H

" "66)

sesoreananensua, 06pa6aTbIBalOmHX COOTBeTCTBYlOmRH 3eMerrbHblR nanen ,

JlHT. kairnynas 'cocen' (kaimyne 'COCe,lJ,Ka', kaimyna, -ija 'COCe,lJ,CTBO'), rrrur.

kaTinins (kai~niniene, kaiminiete, kaimite H r.n.) , npyccx. kaimTnan H ,lJ,p., HO H C ~~TeMHOH 'TpaKTOBKOH - JlHT. seima 'cevsa', rrrur. s'Qime 'cexrsa', ',IJ,OMOqa,lJ,UbI', npyccx. seimlns, cnas. *sembja, *semb (PYCCK.-ll.-CJlaB. ctMb 'persona') *sfbr'b 'cocen', ''L'leH O,lJ,HOH 06mHHbI' (*sem-ro-< *k'oim-ro-), cp. pyCCK. )J,H~. cR6pd, ce6p5. '06mHHa', 'aprens', 'ofiuiee UeJlO', cR6i;'p 'KpeCTbJlHHH, yqacTBYlOmRH B 06meCTBeHHbIx c06paHRHx' R T .II., He roaopa yxe 0 fionee nanexax napannensx. MO)l(HO nonarars, 'ITO WHpOKoe HCIIonb30BaHH,~ KOpHH *keim-/*kaim- B 6arrmHCKOH COUHarrbHOH repsornonoraa B H3BeCTHOH creneHH cnocofino 06'bJlCHHTb, rroxewy OH He HCrrOJlb3yeTcJI B MHcporrOJmqeCKHX

R paryansnsrx rrepCOHHcpHKaUHJlX )J,BOHHOrO IL'lO,lJ,a (BM~CTe C TeM ~H narsnucxoro xapaxrepno OTCYTCTBHe rnarona C xopaexr jum-, KOTOPbIH HerrOCpe,lJ,CTBeHHo 6bIJI 6bI CBJl3aH C jumis-Jumisi .

EarrTHHCKRH 6rrR3He'lHbIH xynsr B rex cpopMax, xoropsre ocofienno OT'leTJIRBO 06HapY)l(HBalOTcJI B narsnncxax naiinax, rr03BOnJleT nysme noaxrs H COOTHOilleHRe cnaaaacxoro MRcpo-pRTyarrbHoro rtepcouaxca, ofiosuavaessoro rrpOH3BO,lJ,HbIMR OT KOPHJI "spor- C npymxra CnaBJlHCKHMH MHcpaMH (cp. PYCCK. Cnopuui, Cnoputuens, cnopuiuenuuic; 6errop. Cnapuui" 7; cp.3aHMCTBOBaHHoe nHT. sparyiius, qaCTO rrpHMeHHlOmeeCJI B I'epaarax K 0603HaqeHHlO aiiTBapa (0 tIeM CM. nanee) , cp. LTR 4151/55/; 4154/28/; 4155/292/; 4161/308/; 4232/511/ R np., KaK H ,lJ,BOHqaTKH - )J,BOHHOrO xonoca HnH )J,BOHHOrO opexa" 8; B I'epaarax sparyzius-keimeris npeaparanca, KaK noxasuaaior JTHO rpacpRtJ.eCKRe MaTe paanu , B nyxa, YMHO)l(alOmero 60raTCTBa; nonofinoe )l(e MHcponOmqeCKOe cyurecrso B YKpaHHCKOH Tpa.o;HUHH Ha3bIBaeT-

CJI cnopusc, tunopux" 9). KaK 6bIJIO paHee npennonoxeno, MOTHBbI, CBH3bIsaexnre CO Cnopsnuesr, BbIBO,lJ,JlTCJI nyrexr rpancrpopxranaa Ii3 MHcpa 0 Ilpecnenosarene . Ilanexo H,IJ,ymIiH H COXpaHJllOmHHCJI Ii nonsrne B MeCTax HHTeHcxanoro KOHTaKTa B norpatraxse rrapannenaav BOCT.-CnaB. *Spory~b Hero rrpOH3BO,lJ,HbIX H COOTBeTCTBYlOmHX BOCToqH06arrTIiHCKIiX 06~3HaqeHHH rnna JITill. Jumis-jumis 70 nosnonaer ny-nue IIOHJlTb xapaxrep JrOIi rpaacrpopwarum. fIO-BH.o;HMOMY, OHa nonnocrsro aaanornxaa npeotipasoaamno IiCXO,lJ,HOrO IiHP;oeBporreHCKoro MHcpa B 6arrmHCKOH KyrrbToBoH npasre, CBH3aHHOH C lOMHCOM. Ilapannennav C MHCPOM 0 npecrrenoaatraa BbIJlBnJleTCH B 06eHX rpann-

• 6 CM.: Lingis J. Bnyky ir pasikeite socialines reiksmes zodziai lietuviu kalboje. - In: Donum

Balticum. To Prof. Chr. S. Stang at the occasion of his seventieth birthday 15 March 1970. Stockholm, 1970, p. 297 et al. Cp, raxxe: npYCCKHl! Jl3bIK, T. III. M., 1980, c. 152 H cnen.

67 H.HTepecHO, 'ITO B 6enopYCCKHX KonJiAKaX Cnopuiu sepenyerca c n020M H Paesc, paeu

(cp. pau B YKpaHHCKHX KopoBal!Hblx neCHJlX). Pal! ~ CBOIO oxepens CBJl3aH C.KopOBaeM, KOTOpbIl! HHorAa Ha3bIBaeTCJI euie eupanau (cp.: Ou xapaeaso, «apaeato, JiKI-JIC{1 Tbl s erpanato. HocoBH4, 1870, NQ 12, C. 162; nap. - eepanau) . Cnoao lKe 8blpa!!ai.i, H~c~MH,eHHo, orcsmaer K nHT. vhrpa 'xonoc' (ncpenocno - membrum virile), rrnu. varpa, v~rpl/Ja Kon~COK' H 'penis', r.e. K TOMY 3neMeHTY, KOTOpbll! <PHrypHpyeT B 06'bJ1CHeHHJlx jumis KaK divvdrpinas. Cp, raxxe nHT. varpyti 'TO'lHTb', virptis, -as 'TbI'lHHa', 'iuecr', PYCCK. eoponucuu- , ua 'Ay6HHa', 'ornosna'. 3m napannena 3HaKOMJlT Hac c ceKcyanbHbIMH o6pa3aMH pa36Hpaessoa MH<ponoreMbl.

• 8 CM.: Velius N Mitines lietuviu sakrniu biltybes. Vilnius, 1977, p. 172-173 .

•• Cp.: Balys J. Aitvaras. - Girntasai krastas 1934, N° 2, p. 105; Velius N. Op. cit., p. 172.

70 3mM .. c. 85 -86 (c rnrreparypoa nonpoca) .

165

• 1 CM.: 118all08 B.B. Onsrr HCTOnKOBaHHJI ApeBHeHH/.1Hl!cKHx paryansasrx H MH<ponOrH'lecKHX TepMHHoB, 06pa30BaHHbix OT asva- 'KOHb'. - B KH.: np06neMbi HCTOPHH Jl3blKOB H xynsryps; aaponoa H.H/.1HH. M., 1974; Chakravarty U. The Heavenly Twins and a Maiden.In: Fifth World Sanskrit Conference. Varanasi, India, October 21···26.1981. Summaries of Papers. Delhi, 1981, 130-132. - B nocnennea pafiore B uearpe BHHMaHHJI OTHOllIeHHJI AliBHHOB K "Corraneaoa nouepa" Cypse, KOTOPaJI crana HX lKt:HOl!, H aHaJIOrH4Hbie OTHOllIeHHJI 6nH3He'lH0l! MYlKCKOl! napsr K lKeHcKoMY nepcoaascy, 'laCTO - HX cecrpe HnH r-rarepa, cp. Kacrop H Ilonaneax (Kacrop H Ilonnyxc) - EJIeHa; I'epaxn H H.<PHKJI - AAKMeHa; AM<pHoH H 3eT - Aarnona: XaYPBaTaT H AMepeTaT - Apaesaara ; Banapasra H Kpmnaa - Cyfixanpa; Par-ra H JIaKllIMaHa - Cirra H np, B CBJl3H C BblllieynoMJlHYTblM MOTHBOM POlKAeHHJI 6nH3HeuoB BO npejan copeBHOBaHHJI C KOHlIMH ("HeAyr ynanoa") cp. CXOIlHYIG TeMy B HeCKonbKO HHBepmpOBaHHOM aazte: 6nH3HeUbl-KOHH AllIBHHbl, asrarpan copesnoBaHHe, AOKa3anH, 'ITO OHH nocronasr 6bITb MYlKbJlMH CYPbH (AB XVII, 1).

• 2 Cp. "KoHcKHe" HMeHa MH<ponOrH'leCKHX pOAOHa'lmbHHKOB nnesseaa - aar.rocaxc, Hengist H Horsa, CM. nOAP06Hee: Ward D. The divine Twins. An Indo-European Myth in Germanic Tradition. Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1968; cp.: Idem. An Indo-European mythological thema in Germanic traditon. - In: Indo-european and IndoEuropeans. Philadelphia, 1970, p. 405.

63 CM.: Gimbutas M. Ancient symbolism in Lithuanian folk art (Memoirs of the American Folklore Society, vol. 49). Philadelphia, 1958, p. 43. (fig. 68-76),69 (fig. 99-109), 121

(fig. 157), nOAPo6Ht:e eM. HHlKe. .

64 3mM., C. 87-88.

• 5 CM ., .Petrulis I. .. ~ugiapiiites paprociai. - Mus\! Tautosaka , 1934,8;BalysJ. Javq dvasia if derliaus paprociai, - Zemes Ukis, 1942,8; Neuland L. Op. cit.. S 28·52.

164

UlUIX. B TO »ce BpeMH HeCOMHeHHO, 4TO OHH rrpO)J,On)KaIOT H 06I.l1eHH)J,OeBpOneiicxoe COOTHOllleHHe MH¢a 0 6nH3Hel\ax, rrpHHOCHI.lIHX 6narO)J,eHCTBHe HnH rrpHHOCHMhIX B )KepTBY, C MH¢OM 0 npecnenonaaaa. OC06eHHOCThIO 6anTHHCKHX H CnaBHHCKHX TpaAHUHH HBJ1HeTCH COXpaHeHHe )J,O HaCTOIIl.lIerO epexteHH CBH3H JTHX l\HKnOB H HX ¢0J1hKi10pHhIX rrpO)J,On)KeHHi1, 4TO B KOHe4HOM cnere (npa BCeX rrOCne)J,YIOI.lIHX )J,OrrOnHHTenhHhIX HanO)KeHHHX) nponorrscaer Tpa)J,Hl\HIO HH)J,OeBpOrreHCKOH :mOXH. . ~"

ITocKOnhKY THrrOnOI'HH OTpa)KeHHH 6i1H3He4HhIX npencraaneuan B 6anTHHCKOH Tpa)J,Hl\HH pa3H006pa3Ha, YMeCT1-lo - npesoie, 4eM nepeiirn K 0630PY npyrax THrrOB 6nH3He4eCTBa, - crpopxrymrpoaars B BH)J,e caoero porta pe- 310Me C n e u H ¢ H K Y J{)MHca cpezur npyrux 6JlH3He4HhIX THrrOB. OHa, BHAHMO, MO)KeT 6hITh oxapaxrepasoaaaa )J,ByMH Ba)KHhIMH npH3HaKaMH. O)J,HH H3 HHX 04eBH)J,eH: J{)MHC npencrasnaer C060H anesrear B ere TaT H B H 0 r 0

~ 71

KO)J,a 6nH3He4Horo MH¢a, cy6nHMHpOBaHHhIH )J,O nepconaxcnoro ypOBHR:

BTOPOH MeHee 04eBH)J,eH HnH BO BCHKOM cnyxae 06hI4H0 He rpopxrynapyerca. A )J,eHO B TOM, 4TO J{)MHC He rrpOCTO )J,BOHHH 6nH3Hel\OB, O)J,HHaKOBhIX BO scex OTHOWeHHHX H rrpaKTH4eCKH He pa3nH4HMhIX (H3BeCTHO H npyroe COOTHOllleRHe 6nH3Hel\OB, COCTaBnHlOl.lIHX )J,BOHHIO 72): CYl.lleCTBeHHO, 4TO J{)MHCIOMHC npencrannaer C060H )J, B 0 H H 10, 3aHHMalOI.lIYlO 0)J, H 0 (H TOnhKO onHO) Mecro 73. 3Ta caryauas orcsrnaer KH)J,ee n e p e Hac hI ui e H HOC T H, onacaoa H36hIT04HOCTH (cp. )J.BOH4aTKa B ra)J,aHHHX - cveprs HnH CBa)J,h6a, r.e , 6naro HnH arro}, csoero porta "yponcrsa". KaK nacanocs nsnue, sees umcn J{)MHca raroreer K crpepe rronO)I(HrenhHO-OnrHMHCrH4eCKHX rpaKrOBOK, HO cnensr qpeBarOH HeO)KHp:aHHOCTHMH acxmo-rarensnocra, nexoeii HeHOpManhHOCTH, CBepXbeCreCTBeHHOCTH 74 TeM He MeHee OCTaIOTCH. Jlarsnucxne rexcrsr, c06crBeHHO, H npennaraior peuenr HeHTpaJlH3al\HH JIHX HeO)I(H)J,aRHOCTeH H HerrpHHTHOCTeH H coxpaHeHHH H peanH3al\HH 6narHX noreHUHH, KpOlOl.lIHXCH B J{)MHce. OKa3hIBaerCH, 4TO p:nH J{)MHca ecrs KaK 6hl )J, B a pa3HhIX pe)KHMa: 3HM'OH OR npesoier , r.e. HenO)J,BH)KeH, HHa4e roBOpH, B :nOM COCTOHHHH onacnsre rrOTeHl\HH He MorYT 6blib npaaenensi B )J,eHCTBHe, a finarne coxpaHHIOTCH, XOTH H He peanI13YIOTCH; n e r 0 M aa

naume, oc06eHHO BO BpeMH )KaTBhI, J{)MHC npenensno rr O)J, B H)K e H:" OH 6e)KHT, rrpH4eTCH B pa3HhIX MeCTax, r.e , KaK 6hI pa3MeHHBaeT CBOIO )J,ByM(,CTHOCTh", MeHHH caoe MeCTOIIOnO)KeHHe; HMeHHO B )J,BH)KeHHH, cnacaacs

or npecnenonanaii, J{)MHC peanasyer CBOH H3nHWKH, paccsmaer-pacnpocrpaHHeT HX no scea naume; 4eM fionsure ero IIpecne)J,YIOT, TCM fisrcrpee H nanswe OH 6e)KHT,' reM fionee 60raThIH ypo)KaiI O)KH)J,aeT Y4aCTHHKOB xynsroao-

ro )J,eHcTBa. Jlaun, B :nOT MOMeHT J{)MHCY y)J,aeTCH C6pOCHTb asnaurex, H3- 6aBHTbcH OT "yponcrsa", 06MeHHB ero na yposcaii (cp. rO)K)J,eCTBO HCXO)J,HOro anexreara B JTHX cnosax: "u-rad- (cp. *u-bog-) - *u-rod-j-). Ho nna "pa3)J,BoeHHH" JTOrO 6nH3He4ecTBa-IIapHocTH HY)KHO y M e p e r b C TeM,4TO- 6hI B CJ1e)J,YlOl.lIeM ce30HHOM l\HKJ1e OCYl.lleCTBHnOCh B03pO)K)leHHe, HOBaH )KH3Hb (cp. TaK)Ke jauna vasarinai , xorna ¢opMyna ")J, B a nnona - na O)J,HOM MeCTe" CMeHHerCH npyroii ("HopManbHOH") - "M H O)K e C T BOO)J, H - H 0 4 H hI X IUlO)J,OB, Ka)K)J,hIH H3 KOTOPhlX 3aHHMaeT O)J,HO, cace c06CTBeHHoe, MeCTO".

***

CpeAM npyrnx 6anTHHCKHX sonnouieana 6nH3He4Horo xynsra H coo rserCTBYIOIUHX IIpe)J,CTaBneHHH YMecTHo aauars C yrrOMHHaHHH rex HBneHHH, KOropsie HaH50nee 6nH3Ko CTOHT K OIlHcaHHhIM asnue IIpe)J,craBneHHHM 0 J{)MHce (ecna He C4HTaTb, KOHe4HO, roro, 4TO Y)Ke ronopanocs 0 nHT. keimarys H 1I0)J,. H sparyiiusv . Pess 1I0H)J,eT 06 airmapacax (nHI. ditvaras), nyxax, CBH- 3aHHhlX C 60rarCTBOM H YIIOMHHaeMhIX Y)Ke Ma)KBH)J,acoM, Bperxynacora, Ilayxureii, as ropor-r "BOnh¢eH6IOTenhCKOH 1I0CTHnnhI" (1573 r.), Jlacanaycoxr, Itlapaanacosr H B 60JIee 1I03)J,HHX HCT04HHKax (XVIII--XIX BB.). THIIOJIOrH- 4eCKH airrsapacsr rrpHHa)J,JIe)KaT K rOH »ce pa3HoBH)J,HOCTH MH¢OJIOrH4eCKHX cyurecrn, KOTopaH IIpe)J,cTaBJIeHa y narsnueii KaK pukis, y PYCCKHX KaK neryuuii 3MeiL, Y 1I0nHKOB KaK latawiec H 1.11. [lOCKOJIhKY cYl.lIeCTBYIOT 1I0)J,p06HhIe onacanas ocofieanocreii H ¢YHKl\HH airraapaca 75, 3)J,eCb MO)KHO yxaaars nann, na He)J,aBHO BhI)J,BHHYTYIO rHIIOTe3Y H. Bernoca 0 CBH3H airrsapaca C HH)J,oeBpOllev.CKHM 6JIH3He4HhIM KYJIhTOM, B 4aCTHOCTH 0 ero 6JIH30CTH K 06pa3Y lOMHca. Csoero pona OTIlpaBHhIM rrYHKTOM nceii rarroressr 6h1Jl0, BH)J,HMO, Ha6nlO)J,eHHe fl. A)J,aMOBH4a 76 06 H3BeCTHOH ¢YHKl\HOHanbHoH 6JIH- 30CTH J{)MHca KaK 60)KeCTBa ypO)KaH H II Y K H C a (cp. aiirnapaca) , IIPHHOcaiuero IIpO)J,YKThI CeJIbCKOrO X03HHcTBa H YBeJlH4HBaIOLl\erO HX, oc06eHHO sepno (1I031lHee ara ocotiennocrs IIYKHca fisma or4aCTH orrecaena, a OT4acrn rpancrpopsnrpoaaaa}. H. BeJ1lOc y6e)J,HTeJIbHO 1I0Ka3hIBaeT, 4ro CXO)J,HhIe 4eprhI xapaKTepH3YIOT anorna H aiimapaca (KOTOpbIH, KCraTH, TO)Ke IIP:Teprren 3Ha4HTeJ1bHhIe rpancdiopraauaa , 60JIee HnH MeHee cyuiecrnexxo orOH)J,H OT HCXO)J,Horo ofipaaa}, oc06eHHO B HllOCTaCH "a i tvaras skals int ojas ", cp. JJIeMeHT skals-, 04eHb lIoKa3aTeJIhHhIH B TepMHHOnOrHH JIHrOBCKoro 6JIH3HC- 4eCTBa B ero CeJ1hCKOx03Hi1cTBeHHOM (Y)Ke -- "sepnonoxi"] acnexre , cp. JIHT. skali.e 'CIIOPbIHhH' (!: cnopuuiv , 'M u t t e r k 0 r n ', skalsa '06HJIHe', ')J,OCTaTOK', 'ChITHOCTb', 'JKOHOMHOCTb', skalsus, skulseti ')J,OJIbWe xaarars', 'CTaH?BHTbCH 60nee 06HJIbHhIM', 'fiorarerv', skalsint! 'nenars 60JIee 06HJIbHbIM,

7 I BlIpO~CM, B narsuucxa x HCTO'lHHKaX 3anaeTCJI caoero porta rtpouenypa nepexona K npyf1IM KOnaM-- lKHBOTHOMY (ci.enenae nsoaaoro nnona :J po xnenae nBoll:HH oseu, 1I0HHMaeMblX xaic "lKHBOTHbIII" CI1MBon Oo rarc'raa) li'leJlOBe'leCKOMY (C'beAeHHe nsoauoro 1IJ10Aa :J POlKACHHC ABOll:HIi nerea) ,

72 Ilpaana, eYIUCCTByeT MHeHHe I'tonrepra (OCHOBaHifOe KaK aa cnyxaax THlIa yama- : jumis, TaK H aa 3THOJlOI'H'IeCKHX HCCJleAOBaHHIIX), cornacno KOTOPOMY B CJlY'IaJlX, 1I0A06HbIX ABOll:'1aTKC, cnertyer BHAeTb orpasceaac H;J,CH a HAp 0 r H H H 3 M a B pesynsrare 06'benaaeaax nepeoaasansao pa3HOIIOJlbiX 6J1H3Hel.\OB (aearpanasanaa 01l1l031il\HH M Y lK -

c K 0 ll: - lK C H C K H ll:) , CM,: Guntert H. Op. cit., S. 334 -337; cp. TaK)I(e: Baumann H. Das doppeltc Geschlecht. Berlin. 1955; Eliade M. Mephistopheles et l'Androgyne. Paris, 1962,

73 Bsnue IIPHBOAHfiliCh IIpHMephl OllpCAeJlCHHIl perpepcauaoanoro 3Ha'leHHIl IOMHca, 1I0CTPOeHHblC 1I0 cxewe "n B a 1IJ10Aa _. aa 0 A HOM KOJlOCe",

7" Cp. ornrcaaae Toil )l(e caryaumr B "nHKOBOil )l,aMe": "Ilae nenonaaxaue IiAeli He MorYT cYIUecTBOBaTb B HpaBCTBeHllOlI npa pone , TaK »cc , KaK g B a Ten a He MOi'YT B ¢H3H~ecKOM MHpC 3aHliMaTb 0 A H 0 Ii TO )I( e MeCfO", CMCIUeHHoe C03HaHHC rOJlHAKHHacrapurero B03MYIUCHO CTpeMJleHHCM ero ABoilHIiKa BbITCCHHTb ero co csoero C06CTBeHxoro MeCTa, ",,60 llCIIKl1fi nOJllKCH 6bITb AOBOJl!:'H eBOHM C06CTBeHHbiM MecToM": ABa '1eJlOBCKa Ha OAHOM MCC'TC, ocofieuuo ecrra ::rill L(BOC BO BceM II 0 n 06 H bi npyr npyry, BOCITpl1HHMaCTCll KaJ( l<iiTaerp0<lHi~cCl~ajf carvanaa, Tpc6YlOIUa5I HCMe).l.J1eHHOrO paspeure.t--{j·!H.

('M,: Velius N. Op. cit., p. 171 r. .._ _ >~ 1'lc'c1-

70 Cr-i.: Adamovi/s l., Piik is larvicsu folklora un se nla tvicsu rnlt()lo~II:1. ' Rigas Lit vic u ~ r!bas Zin:itnu Komi\cjas Rakstu Krajul11s, \940. kr. 23A. Humiinitar: raksti.l. 305 3<11

339-343 ct ,,1. .

166

161

skaTsti H r.n. (cp. TaK)!(C skaTs(a)grfidis, -as, B CBH3H C 3CPHOM-XJlc60M) _. npa skelsti 'Ha)J,OJ1rO XBaTaTh', skelseti. YKa3bIBaCTCH HHOma, 'ITO airraapac duoda skalskq, T.C. ")J,aCT H306HJ1HC" (LTR 293/971), B npyrnx CJ1Y'laHx 011 car-r 0603Ha'laCTCH KaK skalsinas HJ1H skalsininkas (uanp., B I'epnarax, cp. LTR 4154/196/; 4160/280/; 4161/373/). no MHCHHIO J1HTOBCKoro HCCJ1C)J,OBaTCJ1H, HHcpopMaUllH 06 aiimapacax, nOJ1Y'lcHHaH H3 rCpBHT, )J,aCT KJ1IO'I K BbIHCHCHHIO sonpoca 0 rrpOHCXO)!()J,CHHH aroro KJ1aCCa MHcp0J10rH'ICCKHX cyIUCCTB (TaM )!(C aiirnapac MO)!(CT 0603Ha'laTbCH H KaK sparyzius, CM. BbIIllC, 'ITO OTKpbIBaCT nyrs K )J,aJIbHCHIllHM CBH3HM C keimerys H non., nOCKOJ1bKY H ')J,BOH:'1aTKa', H 'aiimapac' ssrcrynaror KaK ABa 3Ha'lCHHH rcpBHTCK. sparyiius. CY)J,H no aHaJIH3HpYCMbIM )J,aHHbIM H3 rCpBHT, rrCpBOHa'laJIbHO H aHTBapac BOrrJ10lUarrCH KaK HeKHH: BClUCCTBCHHbIH CPCTHIll, 'ITO rrpC)J,CTaBJ1HCT HJJTCpCC B CBH3H C TCM, 'ITO MaTcpHarrbHbIMH CHMBOJ1aMH rrO)J,06HbIX CYlUCCTB B J1aTbIIllCKOH Tpa)J,HUlIH H npC)J,MCTaMH, C KOTOPbIMH COOTHCCCH airraapac y J1HTOBUCB, HBJ1HIOTCH 06'bCKTbI, CBH3aHHbIC C K 0 H C K 0 H TCMOH: - yrrpH)!(b, nyra, )J,bIIllJ10, nyrsr, 06PbIBOK BCPCBKH, '1CKa H r.n, ElUC rrOKa3aTCJ1bHCC, 'ITO, Cy)J,H no HCKOTOPbIM J1HTOBCKHM )J,aHHbIM, airraapac Bo06lUC Mor BOI1JIOlUaTbCH B BH)J,C KOHH 77, H 'ITO C aHTBapaCOM HCPC)J,KO CO'lCTaCTCH H)J,CH nap HOC T H, )J, B 0 H 'I HOC T H - cp. axryansnocrs TCX sacrea KOHCKoro yfipancraa (ynpxxa}, KOTOPbIC HJ1H )J, By C 0 C TaB H bI (nsa KOHua )J,YrH) , HJ1H 06'bC)J,HHHIOT )J, By X J10Illa)J,CH: (nanex, )J,bIIllJ10) 78. HaKOHCU, KaK coofiutaer H. BCJ1IOC, no J1HTOBCKHM nosepsa« (LMO I 294/3/; LTR 893/23/; VCh J1 318-319), aiirnapac MO)!(CT BJ1CTaTb B )J,OM H BbIJ1CTaTb H3 nero '1CpC3 rpefiens KpbIIllli ("pro kraiga"}, K KOTOPOMY B cTapHHY rrpHKpCrrJ1HJ1H asipeaaanux H3 nepesa K 0 H b K 0 B - CHMBOJ1 )J,BOH'IHOCTH (KcTaTH, CIO)J,a )KC nnorna BCIllaJ1H H B C H 0 K, cp. BLIIllC 0 BCHKe IOMHca). Ilapnocrs rrpH-' CYlUa airrnapacy H B PH)J,C )J,PYrHX rrpO_lIBJ1CHHH: OH )],Ba)!()J,bI pO)!()J,aCTCH, )],Ba)!()J,bI rrpH06pCTaCTCH (cnasana ero noxynarcr HJ1H HaXOAHT, a rrOTOM BBO)],HT B )J,OM) , HCPC)J,KO airrnapacsr B)J,BOCM npHCJ1Y)!(HBaIOT '1CJ10BCKY (B CJ1ysae, CCJ1H PC'Ib H)J,CT 06 O)J,HOM airrnapace, OH rrpHHOCHTIl,BOH:HOC finaro - )J,CHbfH H 3CpHO). 1l0)J,06HaH )J,BOH'IHOCTb-')],BOHCTBCHHOCTb pacnpocrpaaaerca H aa HCKOTOPbIC npyrae '1CPTbI rrOBC)J,CHHH airrsapaca H/v..nH cro BHCWHHH BH)J,. EOJ1CC roro , 3TH )!(C OC06CHHOCTH rr03BOIIHJ1H H. BCJ1IOCY 06pHCOBaTb xpyr HHAOCBporrCHCKHX napannenea Ii CBH3CH: (AIllBHHbI, Ilaocxypsr] H yxaaars HCKOTOPbIC 06lUHC 6J1H3HC'IHbIM 60)!(CCTBaM MOTHBbI (cp. airrsapac aa rtopore HJ1H y noporu: aiirsapac /rro)J, )J,CPCBOM (rpYWCH: HJ1H H6J10HCH), aH:raapac H 60J1C3HH; cp. BPCMCHHbIC xapaKTCpHCTHKH rrOHBJ1CHHH ajimapaca >BOCXO)J, COJ1Hua, yrpo H r.n.). Bee 3TH Ha6J1IO)J,CHHH )J,CH:CTBHTCJ1bHO )J,aIOT OCHOBaHHH roaopun, KaK 0 CBH3H aHTBapaca C HH)J,OCBporrCHCKHMH 06pa3aMH 60)!(CCTBCHHbIX 6J1H3HCUOB, TaK H 0 CHJ1bHOH )J,C<popMaUHH apXaH'IHbIX 6JIH3- He'lHbIX npC)J,CTaBJ1CHHH, CBH3aHHbIX C 3THM 06pa30M nHTOBCKOH H H 30 B 0 ~I Jl.1HCP0J10rHH (BnpO'lCM, cnoc06HOCTb aiiraapaca JI e r a T b TaK)!(C 06'bC)J,HHH-

e r ero C 60)!(CCTBCHHOH napoa rana AIllBHHOB) .

CnC)J,bI rrapHOCnf-)J,BOH'IHOCTH aiirsapaca )J,cn:lIOT npaB)]'onOA06HbIM npennOJlO)!(CHHe 0 TOM, 'ITO HMCHHO OH Mor nexorna asicryna'n, KaK 06pa3 6JlH3HC'IHOCTH, )J,aHHbIH: B )!(HBOTHOM (HJm aHHM3JIbHO-D,CMOHOJ10rH'IHOM) KO-

77 Cp.: Greimas A.J. Kaukai ir aitvarai. An tr oji dalis: Aitvaras. Mer menyx, 1974. N no

p.43.

"CM.: Velius N, Op.cit.,p. 174.

168

AC. Ho 60JICC 6cCCrrOpHbI B 3TOM OTHOIllCHHH TaK Ha3bIBaCMbIC "KOHbKH" (JmI. kralgas, nrur, cukurs, jumta kare) , I.C. ABa HCpcAKO CHJIbHO CTHJIH30- BaHHblX ACPCBHHHbIX KOHCKHX H306pa)!(CHHH, noxreutaesrsix KaK naaepurae xpsnun, 06bI'IHO na X03HHCTBCHHbIX cOOPY)!(CHHHX (xpaanrnnnax 60raTcTBa), HO H na )J,oMaX-)!(HJIHlUaX (H36bI). Bo06lUC CJIC)J,YCT rrO)J,'1CpKHYTb, 'ITO JIHTOBCKOC HapO)J,HOC H306pa3HTCJIbHOC HCKYCCTBO B H306pa)!(CHHHX Ha rrparrxax, npenraerax 06CTaHOBKH, B opnaxrerrrax ira TKaHHX, B pncynxax ira H3- ACJIlfHX H3 TCCTa, B cpopMax HaMorHJlbHbIX KPCCTOB, B MHOrO'IHCnCHHbIX npanopoxorsrx KpCCTax H '1aCOBCHKax H r.n, rrOCTOHHHO rrO)J,'1CpKHBaCT H)J,CIO rrapHOCTH-ABOH'IHOCTIi, B '1aCTHOCTH, '1CPC3 napnsre ofipassr )!(HBOTHbIX IiJiH nrnu, 06bI'IHO CIiMMCTPIi'lHO pacrrOJIO)!(CHHbIX OTHOCHTCJIbHO HCKOCH: UCHTPaJIbHOH BCpTIiKaJIIi. B Ka'lCCTBC TaKOH BCPTHKaJIH MO)!(CT nsrcrynars H306- pa)!(CHHC nepeaa 1iJ11i PCaJIbHOC )J,CPCBO, aa KOTOPOM (06bl'lHO na pa3BIiJ1KC, rne CTBOJ1 nepexonar B BCTBH) HaXO)J,HTCH napnsie 06bCKTbI. OC06CHIIO HHTCPCCHbI YKpawcHHH na OKHax H )J,BCPHX D,OMOB (napns:e HJ11i )J,BycoCTaBHbIC apxarexrypnsre )J,CTaJIH), PC)!(C na KPbIIllC, KOTOPbIC socnpoasaonar, KaK rrpaBHJ10, CTHJ1H30BaHHo, HO noura scerna )J,ocTaTO'IHO HarJ1H)J,Ho KOMrr03Hu;HIO M H P 0 B 0 r 0 )J, C pCB a, no CTopOHaM xoroporo HaXO)J,HTCH ABC rrram.r, )],BC KyHHUhI, napnsre KOHbKH H non., a Ha)J, )J,CPCBOM HJ1H B cro BCPXHCH '1aCTH - 06pa3hI COJ1Hua H MCCHua; HH)!(HCH: rpaaaneii KOMn031iu;HH HCPC)J,KO 6bIBaCT 3 M C C 0 6 P a 3 H a H J1HHHH, OTCbmaIOlUaH K XTOHH'ICCKHM MOTHBaM (3MCH npa KOPHHX MHpOBOrO rrepeaa) 790 HaCTOH'lHBOCTb, C KOTOPOH BocrrpOH3BO)J,HTCH rrO)J,06HaH CXCMa HJ11i CC cpparMCHTbI BCIOAY, rne TOJIbKO npHHHTO rtosreutars H306pa)!(CHliH (B caMOH pa3J11i'IH0H: TCXHHKC If MaTCpnan ax) , y6C)J,HTCJ1bHO CBHACTCJIbCTBycr 0 TOM, 'ITO B AaHHOM cnysae npenCTaBJ1CHa y H H B C P C a rt b H a H H OCHOBHaH )J,J1H Tpa)J,Jiu;HH CIO)!(CTHaH CXCMa. Xapaxrepno, 'ITO OHa BOCXO)J,HT K CIO)!(CTY OCHOBHoro MHcpa, KOTOPOMY rrOIl.'lHHCHa H HD,CH rrapHOCTH, B03MO)!(HO, OTCbIJ1aIOlUaSl B pane CJ1Y'laCB K MOTHBy 6J1H3HC'IHOCTH. MHOrO'IHCJ1CHHbIC napannena, B '1aCTHOCTH, H3 apxaaxHblX Il.PCBHCBOCTO'IHbIX TP3AHUHH80, nOIl.TBCp)!()J,aIOT, 'ITO H B CXO,Il,HbIX 6aJITHHCKHX rpaxrax (napnsre )!(HBOTHbIC HJ1H [!THUbl, cpJ1aHKHpYIOlUHC BXO)J, B )J,OM - nopora, )J,BCPH, OKHa H r.n. HJ1H CaKpaJIH30BaHHbiC 06'bCKTbI - TPOH, KPCCJ10, arrraps H r.n.) CJ1C)J,YCT BH)J,CTb OTpa)!(CHHC TCX )!(C MHcpOPHTya..TJbnsrx HIl.CH81. Bnpouexr, H3BCCTHhI H 60J1CC aenocpencrsenasre npavepsr CBH- 3H MC)!(AY )],BycoCTaBHbIMH 3J1CMCHTaMH )!(HJ1HlUa (uanp., Il.BCPbMH) H Il.BOa-

70 CM.: Tonopoe B.H. 06 OAHOM nOKaJlbHOM sapaaare OCHOBHoro MH!fJa (Dievenitkes). ~'1 !1flWTlK'1. Marepaanst CHMn03HYMa no BTOPH'lHbIM MOAcnHpYlOllUfM CHCTCMaM I (5! TapTY, 1974, C. 37. MHOrO'lHCnCHHble npHMcPbl co6paHb! B cepHH "Lietuviu liaudies menas".

• 0 HHoI'Aa TaKHe napannena BCCbMa T04Hbl. Cp .. HalIp"lIoAcTaBKY Il IlHAC CTHJlH30BaHHOl'C nepcaa C lIapHblMH H306palKeHHlIMH KOHCKHX ronos (ApMeHHlI, anoxa 6pOH3bI). CM.:

ECa5!H C.A. Cxyrrsnrypa ilpcBHell ApMCHHH. Epcsan. 1980, C. 38, N2 3 H up. He MeHee xacrsi nOAo6HbiC H306palKeHHlI nTH'lbcll napu - KaK aa ncpcae, tuecre H r.n., TaK If aa 4CIIOBC4CCKOll !fJHrypc; cp. 6pOH30BYlO !fJHrYPKY lKCHIlIHHbI-!fJaKenOHOCHUbI, na ronoae KOropon HaxoAlITClI MC nTHUbI (CHpHlI, VI B. AO H.3.) , CM.: Ktenget H. Geschichte und KullUI Altsyriens. Leipzig, 1979, Abb. 77 et al.

• I HaH6oJ1ce H3ReCTHoe npeBHCBOCTO'lHOe BOlIJlOllIeHHe raxon napHOCTII· H106palKcHHe nbBOB Y BOPOT HnH ABepell (cp. "JIbRHHh!e" aopora B MHKeHax HJIH B XaTTywej IinH H306palKeHHc 60lKeCTBa (rcpos) aa OCHOBC, lIOIlJIeplKHBaeMoll HnH !fJnaHKHpycMoll J1hBI-Iaoa napoa. MHOr04HCneHHble lIpliMCpbI raxoro ;;oLl,a caxpansnoa napaocra oTpalKellbl l3 KHHI'C: Akurgal E. Die Kunst der Hcthiter , Miinchen , 196 l .

169

HbIMH rrJIOnaMH. B PHTYaJIbHOM TeKCTe, 3arrHCaHHOM na <I>Hn)I(H, ofipaurarorCH K XJle6HOMY nepeny: "OTKPOH nOM C L\BYMH L\BepbMH, 6nH3HelIHbIe (mama 'nBOHHbIe') IIJIOnbI XJle6HOrO nepeaa, rma nyreurecrsemonca ... rrpH6bIJIH, MbI YllIJIH nna nHH uasan" (c nonropeaaesr rua 'rrsa') 82.

I1~eH rra PHOCTH H naxce 6JIH3HelIeCTBa B 6aJITHHCKOH TpanHUHH 3HaeT H ueJIbIH pan aurponoraopoasrx OTpa)f(eHHH, 0 KOTOPbIX yxce nacanocs 83. ITo- 3TOMY snecs nOCTaTOlIHO JIHillb HarrOMHHTb 06 OCHOBHbIX CJIYlIaHx sroro pona. B csoe BpeMH B peaynsrare aHaJIH3a ornrcaaaa 3HaMeHH npeanax npycCOB, conepscauteroca Y CHMOHa [PYHay, 6bIJIO YCTaHOBJIeHO, lITO H3 Tpex H306pa)f(eHHH 60roB na 3HaMCHH ABa COCTaBJIHlOT rrapy - Ilorpaxmc H ITaTOJIC (OH xce - EapnOHTC; 3TO CJIOBO, BHL\HMO, nepaoaasansno 6bllO anaTeTOM K HMeHH 60ra - "60poL\aTbIH"). 3TH zma 60)f(CCTBa rrpOTHBOrrOCTaBJIeHbI B OI1HCaHHH rro rrpH3HaKY M 0 JI 0 n 0 H - C Tap bI H. Cp.: das e i n e

war , ein man j un g e r gestalt an e bar d t , gekronet mit sa u gel e n

und trolich sich irbot und der golt vom get rei de und hies Potrimppo''" ; .. Das d r itt e bilde war ein a I t e r rnahn mit einem I an g eng roe n

bar d t und seine farbe ganz tot I i C h, war gekronet mit einem wei'ssen tuche wie ein morbant unde sag von unden auff die andern an unde his

Pat 0 110 mit namen ... fLPG 195 A)8 5. KaK BHnHO, 60pona (npyccx. bordus, JIHI. barz dd , JlTill. bar(z )da) - ee HaJIH'lHe HJIH OTCYTcTBHe H ee UBeT _ 6bIJ1a Ba)f(HeHllIHM L\HarHOCTHlIeCKHM rrOKa3aTeJIeM B03paCTHOH nepapxaa H <PYHKUHOHaJIbHbIX pa3JII1'lHH rpex 60)f(eCTB. He CJIYlIaHHo ITaTOJIC asrcryna-

er H KaK Bardoits; r.e , 'fioponarsni' (rrpyccx. *bardot-s). MOJIOnOH ITOTpastnc ~ crapsra Ilaronc-Bapnoiirc asicrynaror I1MeHHO KaK rr a p a, 'lJIeHbI KOTOPOI1 06pa3ylOT eL\HHCTBO. [JOHHTHO, lITO OHH rrrOCCHpYlOTCH B HCTO'IHH-, xe KaK Castor H Pollux, r.e. KaK 3HaMeHHTaH napa aHTJ1lIHOH MI1<P0JIOrHH:

~ naH~OM cnysae HeT OCHOBaHHH COMHeBaTbCH, lITO IToTpl1MrrC H ITaTOJICbapnOI1TC COCTaBJIIDIH napy 60)f(eCTBeHHbIX 6JIH3HeUOB, pa3JIHlIaBilll1XCH Me)f(ny C060H IIpHMepHO TaK )f(C, KaK BCCeHHI1H RpHJIa 11 oceHHHH Rpl1JIa I1JIH BeceHHHH HHKOJIa 11 oceHHHH HHKOJIa86. I1HTepecHO, lITO B03MO)f(HOCTb aa-: nH'lHH By rrpYCCKOM nanreoae TaKHX 6JIH3HeUOB npennonaran Y)f(e Kpanne, KO~OPbUl, OnHaKO, He 3HaJI, KaKI1M 06pa30M 06bf!CHHTb rrOHBJIeHHe BapnOI1TCa B onncaaaa HMeHHO aa 3TOM MeCTe. TeM He MeHee Ba)f(HO rrpOHI1- uaTe~bHoe YKa3aHHe Kparrrre ua pan cyuiecrseuasrx rrapaJIJIeJIeH87: 1) 06-

pa3 OO)f(eCTBeHHbIX 6JIH3HeUOB, OL\HH H3 KOTOPbIX H306pa)f(aeTCH KaK lO H 0 _ ill a, a npyroii -_ KaK C Tap e U, COOTBeTCTBeHHO CBfl3aHHbIe C )f( H 3 H b lO

H C M e p T b 1088; 2) npaypovenae onnoro H3 6JIH3HeUOB K B e C e H He-

:: C'M,: Hocart A.M. The Northerh States of Fiji. London. 1952, P, 76, 78.

eM, TonopOH B.H. 3aMcTKH no 6anmltcKolt MH <j>OJl 0 nIH , ._ B KH,: nanTo-CJlaBJ!HCKHIt C,60pHHK. M., 1972, c. 301 H CJlCA.; OH .!ICC'. Vilnius, Wi/no, Bu/u.na : ropon H MH<j>. - B KH.: e oarrro-CJlaIHIHCKHC :.JTHOl'UbIKOBbIC KOHraKTbI: M., 1980, c. 61 H CJIeA.; HAp.

;: ~p. CXOAHble onacaaas IOMHca, 5lPHJlhi H ApYI'H x 60lKCCTB llJlOAOPO)l,HJ!.

Iperaa nepcoaaxc H306palKeH B BH)lC ruenuoro MYlK4HHhi cpenaero B03paCTa, YBeH4aH'6 HOl'O rrnaveaera, "scin bar t eraus und schwarcz ", PC'Ih HlJ,eT 06 otipase TIepKYHca.

K HMeHH Ilorpasmca H ero JlJIOIl,OPO)l,HhIM <j>YHKUHHM cp. JJHT. treihpt] KaK 0603Ha4CHHe 'lOnaHMI, r orrransa, nonapaass aoroa (cp.: elk po Trtmpqu , Il,dtcTBHi!, BbI3hIBalOil(l1X

k - n,nOA<~pOAHe, Cp, 0 5lpHnc: A <'031' JIC OH uaeoto, I TaM JlfblTO «anoto ... (TO »ce 0 K03e <1 r.n.) . l M,: Arap,!e A.H._l:es dicu xjumeaux dans 13 religion gerll1anique.- Acta Philologica Scan-

,~ dmavlcJ: lldsskfltl lor Nordisk Spr(lgiorskning. 1931 1932, lid. Vi, p. 6 -fl.

. Cp. llJOi)IJJlKCH";iI cnapraacxxx )J,110CI<ypOB HJlH 1I3BeCTHhiX MHJJaHCKHX 6nH3HeuoB Ilpolal'11.11 11 ll;:pB::tCH.H. HJII1, HJKOHeu. 6Jla3HeUOB aa J\tU1TpaH1ICl'KHX MOHY;\1cHTaX H T.n. CM.: 170

My UHKJIY, a npyroro - K 0 C e H He- 3 H M HeM y (cp. necennero 11 311MHero Carypna) 89; 3) CBH3b C He6eCHbiM 60roM (cp.: II lO, KOVPOl KaK 0603- HalIeHHe cbIHoBeH 3eBca H rro cMblcny HMeHH H rro cooTEeTcTBYlOmeMY MOTHBy - CBH3b 3eBca C Jlenoa H pO)f(nCHHC llnOCKYPOB, cp, JITill. Dieva defi)90; 4) HarrH'lHe xyrn.ra 6JIH3HeUOB y repsraacxoro rrJIeMeHH naxaaapsanOB, 06HTaBwHX B naxane naureii apsr rne-ro Me)f(ny Oneposr H BHCJIOH, r.e.; BHL\HMO, B 6JIH3KOM cocencrse C npyccasra (Tacitus. Germ., 43). CJIenyer YKa3aTb enre OnHO nanexo Hnymee cosnanenue, arxopapyexroe HCCJIenOB aren fl:MH . Pevs aner 0 TOM, lITO H306pa)f(eHHH npyccxax 60roB, nnoe 113 KOTOPbIX TpaKTYlOTCH KaK 6 JI H 3 H e UbI, HaXOgMJlHCb na C B H m e H HOM

n y 6 e, noxarasurexrcx npyccaxra H f1BJIfilOmeMCH, OlIeBHP:HO, rpancqiopjaaUHeH ofipasa MHpoBoro nepeua (cp.: "Die g r 0 sse d i C k e und me c h -

t i g e h 0 h e e i C he, in welcher der teuffel sein gespenst Rette und die bilde der abgotte ynne 'woren , halt ich ausz vorplendungk des teufels, war stetis g r ii n , winter und s o m m e r, und war obene weit und breit

so dicke von lobe, damit kein regen dadurch kunt fallen, und umb und umb woren hubsche tuchir vorgezogen ein schrit aber 3 von der eichen wol 7 elen hoch, do+mocht niemandt eingehn ag der k i r w a ito und die obirsten waiolotten ... Und die eiche war gleich in 3 teil geteilet. .. " S. Grunau. Von der gelegenheit der eichenn. .. LPG 196). C onacsraaer-rsir-r snecs KYJIbTOM y npyccos MO)f(HO cpaatrars novaranne B PHMe 6J1H3HeUOB B CBH3H C "PHMCKHM nepeaoxi" Ficus Rumina/is, 06pa30M MHpOBOrO nepeBa91, HJIH )f(e TaK

/

nassraaerasre DOKCXVCX, CBHmeHHbIe CT0J16bI, npencraanasume B Crtapre nefiec-

HbIX 6JIH3HeUOB 92. 3TH CHMBOJIbI H306pa)f(aJIHCb B sane H HJII1 IT (cp. IT KaK 3HaK C03Be3L\HH EJIH3HeuoB) H, KaK MO)f(HO nysrars, 6bIJ1H sapaaxraMH CXOnHbIM 06pa30M 11306pa)f(aeMbIX (CTHJIH3yeMbIX) ",lJ,BOHHbIX" ("6nH3- HelIHbIX") nepeases , xoropsre B pa3HbIX TpaL\HUHfiX CBH3bIBarrHCb C ,iL\eeH rmOnOpOL\HH, B lIaCTHOCTH H KOHKpeTHee - C 6JIH3HeuaM1193.

Harris J.R. Op. eit., p. 46 f.; Cumont F. Textes et monuments relatifs aux mysteres de Mithra. I-II. Bruxelles, 1896--1899; Bachojen J.-J. Versuch iiber die Grabersymbolik der Alten. Bale, 1925, S. 14 et al.

'9 Cp. neceauae H oceuaae npa3/.\HHKH 5lpHJJhl HITH 5lpoBHTa y CnaBJ!H, Mapca y pHMITliH (BeceHHee H3rHaHHe Mamurius'a Veturius'a H OCCHHHIt Equus October) H np, CymecTBcHHO IIPH 3TOM, 4TO 06c HnOCTaCH nepe-etcneaasrx nepconascea rrpoTHBoIIOCTaBITeHbl npyr npyry no TeM lKe npa31l,HHKaM, 4TO H Potrimps H Patois. IIo3ToMY nocnC)l,OBaTeJIhHOCTh Potrimps=Perkuns=Patols, YlJHTblB:uI OTHeceHHOCTh Ilepxynca K nery, OAHOB peMeHHo OTpaxaer H CTpYKTYPY COOTBeTcTBYIO~X H306palKcHHIt, l! 04epcIJ,HOCTh ce30HHbiX npasnHeCTB, nOCBJ!meHHbIX 3THM 60raM. '

• 0 Cp, raxzce HMlI CnapTaHCKHX 6JlH3HeUOB THHAapHll,oB, OT up.-rpe4. 7JSJ)IiCtpoC; 'rposr', cp.

JIaT. tundere, HJlH OfibllJHOe HaHMCHOBaHHe AJIli 6nH3HiluoB B M03aM6HKe Bana ba Tilo 'ACTH Hc6a' (rne tilo 0603Ha4aeT H 'He6o', H 'rpora', H 'MonHHIO', H nasce 'AOlKAh'), 4TO, BHARMO, MOlKeT 06'hllCHHTh CB1I3b TIOTpHMrrca H Ilaronca B OllHcaHHH I'pynay.

91 eM.: Dumezil G. La religion romaine archaique. Paris, 1966, p. 187; H6aHo6 B,B. 3aMeTKH 0 THnOJlO!'H4CCKOM H cpaBHHTeJJhHO-HCTOpH'IeCKOM HCCJJC/.\OBaHHH pHMGKOIt H HHnoea poneacxoa MH<j>OJlO!'HH. - Tpynu no 3HaKOBbiM CHCTeMaM, 1969, T, IV, c. 65 --66. 1-'13 npyrax napannenen cp, PHMCKHl! 06pllA Nonae Capritinae, Ha3BaHHe nepeaa caprificus H pons xoana B npyccxax paryanax.

92 eM.: KrappeA.H. Op. cit., p. 8-9.

93 Cp, ABoltHhle TYYPY Y 3BCHKOB, cnapcmrue rorcxiaue croritis; y liHAeflueB, ABOl\HhIC OJICeObl B llpeBHeM Ernnre, ABYCOCTaBHhle porta triumphalis II PHMe 11 r.n. HOBoe JTHMOJlO!'H4eCKOe 06'hliCHelilfe JmT. ditvaras (CM. Vellus N. Op. cit., p. 181) COOTscTcTByeT 00- paay MaTepHaJIhHhIX CHMBOJlOB H)J,e.n GnH3Hc'·lecTfHl DIlliChU:3:aCMOrO T"'rllla. TCM ti~ MeH(;t;)

171

CIO)!(eTHO H H)J,eHHO OH COCTaBJIHeT OCHOBY MH<pa: BbICTynalOIWiH: EO DCeM nOJIHOTe COKpOBeHHbIX 3HaHHH, Jlli3,[1eHKa 05'bHCHHeT fe,lJ;HMHHY BeulHH COH, nOCJIe '1ero 3aKJIa}J,bIBaeTCH ropon KOTOPOMY CY)!(}J,eHa BeJIHKaH CJIaBa. BsrecTe C TeM :nOT 3nH30}J, ofipaiuaer HaC K rer-te pnryana. K CTpYKTYpe OTHOrneHHH Me)!(}J,Y xpesecxoa H KHH)!(eCKOH (BOHHCKoii) <PYHKUHHMH. HaKOHeu, 3IIH30}J, C flH3}J,eHKoii, BHJJ;HMO, MO)!(eT npHOTKpbITb aaaasec, CKphlBalOIUHM OT Hac KapTHHy pannero COU,HaJIbHO-TOnorpa<pHqeCKOrO q]]eHeHHH ropona.

He OCTaHaBJIHBaHCb na '1aCTHOCTHX ABYX BepcHH JIereH}J,bI 0 Jlli3}J,eHKe, Ba)!(HO BbI,[IeJIHTb B HHX OCHOBY - HaXO)f(}J,eHHe KHH3eM r~,[IHMHHOM BO apeMH OXOTbI nnasyuiero MaJIb'IHKa B opnaaoxr rnesne (cp. lizdas 'I"He3,[10', OTxyna H HMH Lizdeikai , BH,lJ;HMO, aa BbICOKOM nepese ("na drzew ie zawieszonego", cornacno DepCHH CTPbIHKOBcKOro I, 371). Coseranae MOTHBOB nO,[lKHHYToro MaJIb'IHKa B OPJIHHOM rnesne C ",[IapOM npencxasanax" (MMCTII'IeCKHe cnoc05HoCTII flH3}J,eHKH: OH 5bIJI acxymen "w naukach gwiazdarsk ich"}, omrcsraarouree H,[IPO ctozcera 0 Jlasneiixe, secsjaa HanOMHHaeT cxevty MHOfO'!HCJIeHHbIX paccxasos 0 BocnHTaHHH uraxranoa, ocofiemro BeJIHKHX (oTBep)!(eHHOCTb, CH,[IeHHe xa nepese HJIH B rnesne opna, npaotipeTeHHe rnaMaHCKHX crrocofiaocreii, TOJIKOBaHHe CHOB H I.,lJ,.). Hepenxo ara cxeraa BKJIlO'laeTCH B 60JIee 06lllHPHYlO, rne Y MaJIb'IHKa, cranurero BeJIHKHM rnaMaHoM, nOHBJIHeTCH 5 p a r - 5 JI H 3 H e U, OKa3aBlllHHCH HeY,[IatJHHKOM. HaKOHeu, Ta )!(e cxesra ssrcryrraer H B MH<pax 0 6paTbHX-6JIH3HeUax, O,lJ;HH

H3 KOTOPbIX CTaHOBHTCH OCHOBaTeneM ropona, cp. paCCKa3 THTa JlHBHH 05 OCHOBaHHH PHMa (I, 4-8) Hero MHOrO'IHCJleHHbJe TOJIKOBaHHH97. PHMCKHe aHaJIOfHH HeO,lJ;HOKpaTHO B03HHKalOT B CBH3H C HCTopHeH JlHTBbI H ocotieaHO BHJIbHlOCa (npexne scero Y CTPbIHKOBCKoro). 3Ha'leHHe PHMCKOH HCTOpHH }J,JIH BepCHH paccxasa 0 flH3,[1eHKe He nO}J,JIe)!(HT COMHeHHlO. TeM He Menee Ba)!(HO, He OrpaHH'lHBaHCb HaH60JIee 6pOCKHMH H nOBepXHOCTHbIMH anaJIOrHHMH C paCCKa30M 0 ABYX PHMCKHX 5JIH3HeUax, BblHBHTb THnOJIOmqecKH CXO}J,HbIH CJIOH, KOTOPblH erma JIH UeJIHKOM BbIBO,lJ;HM H3 BJIHHIDIH PHMCKOH JIereH,[Ib1. POJIb PHMCKOH BepCHH B CJIO)!(eHHH npenanas 05 OCHUBaHHH BIDIbHlOca BO MHOfHX CJIyqaHX BTOpHtJHa H, Ka)!(eTCH, npeYBeJIH'IeHa. Ilene B TOM, 'ITO B caMMX npenaaaax 0 nasane BHJ1bHlOCa XOTH H OT,[IaJIeHHO, HO ,[10- BOJIbHO HaCTOH'lHBO B03ID1KalOT XO,[lbI, xoropsre He rr03BOJIHlOT HCKJIlO'IaTb npennonoxenae 0 HaJlH'!HH H 3,[1eCb CJIe,[lOB 5JIH3HetJHOrO MH<pa.

Y)!(e OTMeqaJIOCb, 'ITO caxro WWHHoe HMH )!(peua KpHBe-KpHBaHTIlCa98 BeCbMa xapaxrepao HMeHHO B KOHTeKCTe 5JIH3HetJHbIX npeacrasnexaa, B tfllCTHOCTH 5aJITHHCKHX (cp. 0 npYCCKHX 6paTbHX BH,[IeBYTe H Bpyrene, noCJIe):UiHH H3 KOTOPbIX KaK paa Ii 5bIJI YCTaHOBHTeJICM )!(pe'leCKOH Tpa,lJ;HUHH, H 0 nape IToTpHMnc-ITaTOJIC). B nOM KOHTeKCTe, xapaxrepasyesroxr HaJIH'!HeM }J,BYX 50rOB-5JIH3HeUOB (crapurero H MJIa,[lmero), )J)3YX fiparses , H3 KOTOPbIX O,lJ;HH - BO)!(}J,b, a npyroii - )!(peU, npHHHBrnHH rnryn KPHBO-KpH-

4PC3BbI'Iaimo HHTepeCHO B :HOH CBH3H npyroe co05IUeIDIe C. Tpyaay -

o TOM, 'ITO BO MHorHX MeCTax npyccbI yCTaHaBJIHBaJIH CTOJI5bI C H305pa)!(eHHHMH }J,BYX fiparses - npYCCKI1X BO;K,[IeH BH,[IeBYTa H Bpyrena, H 3TH CTOJI6bI IIO'lHTaJIHCb KaK 60rH, npH'IeM O,lJ;HH H3 HHX Ha3bIBaJlH Worskaito (r.e. 'CTapnIHH'), a npyroa -- lszwambrato (r.e. swais brati 'ero 5paT,94); xapaxrepao, 'ITO OHH C'!HTaJlHCb IIOKpOBHTeJIHMH CKOTa. 06pa3 3THX nepcol:!"H<pHUHpOBaHHbIX CTOJI50B-5JIH3HeUOB npexne scero, KOHeqHO, HanOMHHaeT rrapasre KOJIOHHbI, CJIe,[lbI KOTOPbIX anepasre OTMeqeHbI erne B paHHeHaTY<pHHCKOM nOCeJIeHHH X TbICH'IeJIeTHH ,[10 H.3. B Hepaxone (nepen BXO,[lOM B xpaxr) , rnHpOKO HC~~JIb30BaJlHCb noasce B Ilepezraeji A3HH (ACCHpHH, Ypapry, THP, Xa30p) . Ho oc06eHHO Y,lJ;HBHTCJIbHYlO napannens K npycCKHM cToJI6aM-5paTbHM 06pa3YlOT napnsre KOJJOHHbI nepen xpaMOM COJIOMOHa B l1epYCaJIHMe: "11 nOCTaBHJI C T 0 JI 5 sr K npHTBO?Y xpasra; nOCTaBHJI CTOJI6 sa rr p aBO H CTopOHe, H nan eMY HMH I1 a x H H, H nOCTaBHJI CTOJI6 sa JI e B 0 H CTopOHe, H ,[IaJI eMY HMH Boa 3. I1 Ha}J, cToJI5aMH noCTaBHJI BeHUbI, C,[IeJIaHHble Hano,[l05HC JIHJIHH" t3-H KH. Ilapcrs 7 21-

96 \,

22) . Pa3YMecTcH, HHTepec rrpe}J,CTaBJIHeT He TOJIbKO nananae BTOPHtJHO nep-

COHH<pHUHpOBaHHbIX MaTcpaarIbHbIX BOIDIOIUeHHH B BH,[Ie napnsrx CTOJI60B,

HO H TO 06CTOHTemCTBO, 'ITO BH,[IeBYT Ii Bpyrea paCC~1aTpHBalOTCH KaK po}J,OHaqaJIbHHKH-yqpe,lJ;HTCJIH npYCCKOH COUH3.J!bHO-pCJIHrH03HoH Tpa}J,HUHH. TIo co06IUeHHHM HCTOtJHHKOB XVI B. HMeHHO BH)~eBYT (Widewuto, widowuto, Witowudi) yupenan Y rrpYCCOB COUHaJIbHyW oprarcrsaumo, CBeTCKYlO BJIaCTb H 6bIJI H36paH "KOpOJIeM", TOf}J,a KaK BpYTeH (Bruteno, Brudeno) nepseaCTBOBaJI B peJIHfH03HOn cdiepe: OH OCHOBa]I rJIaBHblii npYCCKHH KYJIbTOBbIH uenrp POMOBe (Romowe), B03}J,BHr TaM ")!(HmiII~e" }J,JIH ysce ynosoraaanreiiCH B CBH3H C TeM )!(e 6JIH3He'IHbIM KYJIbTOM rpnans: (TIoTpHMnc-TIepKYHCTIaTOJIC) H CTaJI nepBbIM BepXOBHbIM )!(peUOM KpHBe-KpHBaHTHCOM. TIo,[l06- Hoe pacnpenenenae <PYHKU,HH Me)!(,[Iy 6paTbHMH-6JIH3HeUUMH (HJIH rpaxryeMbIMH KaK 6JIH3HeubI) OqeHb xapaxrepno }J,JIH MHq,OB 06 OCHOBaHHH HeKOeH KYJIbTypHOH Tpa}J,HUHH (BJIaCTH, xpasra, pHTYaJIa, ropona H r.n.},

Ilaoiutoe HMH xcpeua xopouro H3BeCTHO H B MH<p0JIOfHqeCKHX H paaaeHCTOPHq,~C.KHX. ~H~OJlOfH3HpOBaHHblx npenaaasx 0 naxane Bansmoca (cp. JIHI. Krive-Krivaitisi . ITocne}J,HHM 3BeHOM MH<pa 06 OCHOBaHHH BHJlbHlOCa 5bLl paccxas 0 »cpeue DH3}J,eHKe Ii scea JIHlillH nepxoaasrx )f(peUOB npa CBHTHJIHIUe Ilepxynaca aa IIIBHHTopore, CaKpaJIbHOM anpe "nporo-Bansmoca", 3rrH30)J" nOCBHIUeHHhIH J1H3,[1c¥.Ke, Ba)!(CH B HeCKOJIbKHX OTHorneHHHX.

B p:aHHOM CJIY'lae pe'lh MO)f(eT anra II 0 HapO/IHO-3THMOIIOrll'lCCKI1X MOTHBllpOBKax ceMaHTH'IeCKoit CTpYKTypbI CJIOBa.

04 Cp.: An vie len Stellen stellte man die Bildsaulen des Widewuto und Bruteno auf und verehrte sie als Gotter, als solche nannte man der ersteren W 0 r s k a ito, den letzteren 1 S 7. - W a m bra t 0; wer sie in Not seines Volkes anrief', dem war gehoffen. LPG 195. " raioee 197~-198, cp.: W u r S c h a ito abir B 0 r s s kay t 0 war der fierde abgot. ..

. . . S z way b rot t o war der funfte gott ...

:: CM. Bpenrsec E. OT Illauaaapa 1.10 AKKa).Ia. M., 1976, c. 32.

- E.:Th npennonosccaae. 'ITO KOJIOHHbI ororo xpar-ra orpaxcarnr OTUOBCKYIO II MaTepIIHCKj/IO Jh,HlIlf uapcxoro porta (cp. TOJIKOBaHl1e JIYKllaHoM napasrx KOIIOHH ncpen CIlPIII'\CKIIMII XpaMaJl,\II.KaK nO/IIUITbIX ¢aJ[)1UCOB). 130 BCliKOM CJlY4ae B 1)>>0111111 yrroMIIHaIOTCli ne peBJlHHbIe croneu, B xoropsrx xaaaaaexac Bllp:enll lf3o(ipa)f(eHIHI MaTep!tHCKoro OO)f(eCTBa Amepsr. CM.: Bpeurscc E. YKa3. CO'!., c. 32. K CIIMBOII!tKe napHOCTH'-/UlOltcTBeHHocTH cp, LlBOitHbJe TOrrOpHKI1 11 cexapsi, cnapeaaste )f(e3JIbI, THpCbI It r.n, -- snnOTb no IIYaJIbHolt crpyxrypsi KOITJ1CKTHRa Hero nOCfJH!HIfH.

172

• 7 113 HHX CTOHT OTMeTHTb Ba)f(Heltlillle, B qaCTHOCTII, B CBli3H C IfHTepeCOM K On1f3He'IH01'\ reMe: Mommsen Th. Die Rernus-Legende. - Hermes 1881, Bd. 16, S. 1--23 (=Gesammelte Schrif'ten. Bd, IV. Berlin, 1906, S. 1-21);Kretschmer P. Remus und Romulus.- Glotta, 1909, Bd. 1, S. 283---303; Soltau W. RwJ.Lo~ und Remus. - Philologus 1909, Bd. 68,

S.156 f.;SchillingR. Rornulus l'elu et Remus Ie retrouve. - REL 1960,1. 38, p.182-199:

Puhvel J. Remus et Frater. - History of Religion, 1975, vol. 15, p. 146-157 et al.

• 9 Cp. ero "pa31>c}J,HHeHHbIe" aapaaxrsr: Criwe Y LlIOcoypra H Haxouayca 113 EpOWl1Ha, HO kirwait, kirwaido H Ln. y CHMOHa Tpynay.

173

BarITO, nBYX CTOJl60B, H306pa)l(aKlUlHX 3UtX fiparaea , H T.n., - xaxerca, HeTPYAHO 3an0J1HHTb H nOCJ1enHlOKl J1aKYHY, BbICKa3aB npermortozceaae, 'ITO )lBOHHOe HMH J1HTOBCKOrO nepsoacpeua ,OTHOCHTCH K 0 60 H M 6paTbHM.

BHJ1bHKlCCKaH CHTyaIIHH icorna HMH Krive-Krivaitis OTHOCIHCH K OI1.HOMY xe-

, 99

JlOBeKY, K BepXOBHOMY xcpeuy, CBfl3aHHOMY C ITepKYHaCOM ,npH'IeM 0

fipare »cpeua HaM HH'IerO HeIt3BeCTHO, nOJ1)1(Ha paCCMaTpHBaTbCH KaK BTOPH'IHaH, 06H3aHHafl CBOItM npoacxoaoienaexr rpancoopvauaa xonseprearnoro rima ("CKJ1eHBaHHe" 6paTbeB-6J11t3HeUOB B eAHHbIH 06pa3 C coxpaneaaesr /1,BOHCTBeHHOCTH H YKa3aHlleM ua 6J11t3He'IHOCTb TOJ1bKO B ItMeHH). PeKOHCTpyxuaa npensrnyuiero orana npHBOAHT K npasnononoonosry nOCTYJ1HpOBaHHKl napsr 6J1H3HeUOB "Kriv- & * Krivait- (He HCKJ1Kl'IeHO, 'ITO napannensno cyme- CTBOBarra H, MO)l(eT 6bITb, noaxe fistna KaK-TO nepeOCMbICJ1eHa npyraa na-

pa OCHOBaTeJ1eH - CBeTCKoro H nYXOBHoro - (*Gedimin- & *Lizdeik-). AHanomsnaa crpyxrypa 6J1H3He'IHbIX HMeH (r.e. narnmae ofiuiero xopna B 060- HX ItMeHaX, HarrHlIHe neMHHYTHBHoro 06pa30BaHHH BO BTOPOM HMeHH H, naKOHeu, rrOCJ1enOBaTeJ1bHOCTb, npa KOTOPOH 60J1ee xoporxoe ItMfl npernnecrsyer 6oJ1ee AJ1HHHOMY) 06HapY)I(HBaeTcH H BO MHOrllX npyrax CJ1Y'Iaflx. Cp, J1aT. Remus et Romulus, ocer. Xsart=Xsoertceg H T.Il. Ilpeavymecrso, ornanaesroe cpopMe "Kriv- nepen "Kriv-ait-, TaK)I(e, B03MO)l(HO, HaXO,IUIT rraparrJ1eJ1b B ynorpetineaaa HMeHH Remus Jl)Ifl 0603Ha'IeHHfl ofoax fiparses - H Per-ra It POMYJ1a (cp.: regnave prima Rem i, signa Rem i, domus alta Rem i, de plebe Rem i H r.n.). Haxoneu, ocofieauo ncxasarensno, 'ITO IlO HMeHIt repOH-DCHOBaTeJ1H, omroro H3 6J1H3HeUOB, ropon rrOJ1Y'IaeT caoe 0603- Ha'IeHHe: Roma npn Romulus. TaKHM )l(e 06pa30M cnenyer, seposrno.oosscHflTb Ha3BaHHe craporo Kpancro ropoua B BHJ1bHIOCe (KpUBOU lOpOOG, Kpu- 8blU, Krywy, Krziwy horod, Krziwgorod, Curwum castrum H T.Il. - npa Krire, Kpueei . E/1,Ba JIH TaKaH cepaa COBrral1.eHHH MO)l(eT oxasarsca CJ1Y'IaHHOH JUIH, HanpOTHB, 6bITb pe3YJ1bTaTOM C03HaTeJ1bHOH opHeHTaIIHH sa pHMCKHe HCTO'IHItKIt. CKa3aHHoe aa TeMY KpHBe-KpHBaHTHCa It ero HCTOKOB, KaK H rnyfioxo yxopeneunaa B 6arrTHficKofi Tpa)l.HUHH H)J,eH 6mI3He'IeCTBa, npoxaJ1HKlmaflCH CTOJ1b MHoro06pa3HO, notiyxcaaer cnerrars BbIBOn 0 TOM, 'ITO H nap Hoe ItMH J1HTOBCKoro nepsoxpena orpaxcaer . neflCTBHTeJ1bHO nexorna axTyarrbHblR 6JlH3Helffibifi 06pa3. Ilorrycras B03MO)l(HOCTb raxoro BbIBOna, rrpHXO)l.HTCH 06paTHTb BHHMaHHe na 1l0B0J1bHO 'IaCTYIO CHTyaIIHKl B Ilon06HbIX 6J1H3Helffib1X MHcpax, xorna OAHH 1t3 fiparses cpaKTHlIeCKH HHKaK He yxacrnyer B CIO)I(eTe 1 00 (or'IaCTH 3TO OTHOCHTCfl If K PeMY, lIbfl POJ1bB OCHOB-

99 KCTaTH, Ilaronc H Ilorpar-rnc, KaK H 0PYTeH, raxsce CB1I3aHbI C nepKYHCOM.

100 Ha 3TOM OCHOBaHHH BTOPOMY 6paTY aaorna sooeiue OTKa3blBalOT B CYIllecTBOBaHHH, ccsrnaacs aa TO, qTO OH B03HHK HCKnJO~TeJlbHO "aus lautlichen Grunden". B 3TOM KOHTeKCTe H npa yuere napsr (0)f(eCTBeHHbIX KY3HeUOB K03bMbI H UeMbJlHa B03HHKaeT c06- naaa BHLleTb H B 06pa')I;; 6arrTH!\CKoro MH¢01l0mqeCKOrO KY3Heua (cp. MOTHB IOMHCKY3Heu, Tenxaern, H r.n.) perWKlIH!O B03MO)f(Hoil: napsr KY3HeUOB. - Terteps, BepOllTHO,

nosanscrcs B03MO)f(HOCTb .u06aBHTb CJOLla euie OJJ.HH llpHMep, KOTOpbl!\ MO)f(eT

paCCMaTpHBaTbClI KaK nexas aaanoras K 6nH3He'IH0il: nape, CBJl3aHHoil: C BHnbHIOCOM

(: *Mel-: *!fal-; *)fl-). Pe-n, HAeT 0 HCJ],aBHC Bbl/UlHHYTOil: TOqKe 3peHHlI, nOAp06Hee anecs He auanmapyesroa, cornacao KOTopoil: Bence H Bonoc COCTaBnJIJIH B cnaBlIHCKOM naHTCOHe ")l,HOcKypHqecKYIO napy", nepcouaxea 6nH3HetIHoro MHtPa. CM.: Shapiro M. Neglected Evidence of Dioscurism (Divine Twinning) in the Old Slavic Pantheon. Univ. of California, Los Angeles, 1981, 1-43. Ecna Ilbl/UlHHYToe npennonoxenae BepHO, TO OHO OCnapaaaer 06e HMeJOlllHcClI TOqKH 3peHHJI: Benec/Borroc - e)l,HHblil: 60r H Bertec H Bo-

noc - aaa paaasix fiora (eM. A.n. norOAHH, orvacrn M. ll>acMep). ComaCHO M. lIlarrn-

174

HOM CBOJ;UfTCH K TaK Ha3bIBaeMOMY "Bauopfer"). MO)l(HO npennorrarars, 'ITO B npenanna 06 OCHOBaHHH Bansmoca, nouremuera no Hac B n031l,HeM snne , fipar KpHBe (Kpasairnrc) HC'Ie3 H3 croxcera HMeHHO BBltny ero rraCCHBHOH ponn 1 0 l. Y /1,HBJ1HThCH 3TOMY rrpennonozceaaro He rrpHXOnItTCH: CYllleCTB yer HeMarro npHMepOB HMeHHO TaKoro HC'Ie3HOBeHHfl OnHoro H3 6J1H3HeUOB ItJ1M 38MeHbI onnoro H3 HHX I1.pyrHM, XpOH0J10m'IeCKIt 60J1ee n03/1,HItM 06pa30M, KOTOPbIfi J1HUIb OT'laCTH HMHTHpyeT OTneJ1bHbIe 'lepTbI yueneamero 6nH3Hena, K KOTOPOMY OH nOnCIpaHBaeTCH.

HeCMOTpH na paanoofipaane THnOB BOIlJ10meHHfl H)J,eH 6J1H3He'IeCTBa B 6arrTHHCKOfi Tpa)l.HUHH, caxra ara rer-ta He MO)l(eT ClIHTaThCH HC'IeprraHHoH. OmtaKO CCbllKH ira nOnOJ1HeHHe ee nOnOJ1HHTeJ1bHbIMH MaTepHarraMH enaa J11t AOCTaTO'IHO Jl)Ifl roro, 'IT06bI He nOnbITaTbCH Y)l(e na renepeumexr ypOBHC 3HaHHH aanarsca rrOCJ1enOBaTeJ1bHOfi peKOHCTpYKIIHefi HaH60J1ee apXaH'IHOrO CJ10H 6arrTHHCKHX 6J1H3He'IHbIX npencraanenna.

en». Be. HBAHOB, B.H. TOnOPOB

K PEKOHCTPYKUJ.1J.1 MOKOIIIJ.1 KAK )KEHC[WfO llEPCOHA)KA B CflABjlHCKOA BEPCJ.1J.1 OCHOBHOfO MJ.1cDAi

B npensmyuiax HCCJ1enOBaHHflX, CBfl3aHHbIX C peKOHCTpYKUHeH OCHOBaero MHcpa 0 fiore I'possr Hero rrpOTHBHHKe2, rnaaaoe BHHMaHHe ynenaJ10Cb Y'laCTHHKaM noennnxa, MY)l(CKHM nepCOHa)l(aM, rorna KaK )I( e H-

C K H H nepconax OKa3aJ1Cfl B 3Ha'IHTeJ1bHOfi crenena B TeHIt, XOTH nanasre, OTHOCflmHeCjJ K OCHOBHOMY J\mcpy B npyrnx HHnoeBpOrreHCKI-{X rpa)l.HIIHflX (B 'laCTHOCTH, B 6arrTHficKofl), KaK H MHOrO'lHCJ1eHHble n.ipanneJ1H THrr0J10rH'IeCKOrO xapaxrepa, HeiU3 YCMbICJ1eHHO YKa3bIBarrH na "nYCTYKl KJ1eTKY", xoropaa nOJ1)I(Ha 6bITb 3arr0J1HeHa HMCHHO )l(eHCKItM nepcona)l(eM, euie roxnee - )l(eHofi I'pojaoaepzcua. B nacromuea crarse npennpmra-

po, 3Ta 6llH3H~'lHag napa - ACTH Ilepyaa II paxixax CJO)f(eTa OCHOBHoro MHtPa. B CB1I3H C TeMoil: IOMHcacYIlleCTBCHHbl TaKHe MOTHBbI, KaK Berrec-Borroc H KoHH HnH Berrcc-Borroc H BOAa.

101 B caoe BpeMJI 6bma BbICKaJaHa rurtoreaa 0 TOM, qTO IIlBHHTopor Mor 6bITb JaMcHoil: OAaoro H3 6llH3HCUOB. B caMOM nene, rpyrt IIlBHHTopora 6blJl CO)f()f(CH aa MeCTC Kpaaoro ropona )f(peUOM Ilepxyaaca K p a B e, H IIlBHHTopor, KOHeqHO, Mor nOHHMaTbClI KaK pon "crpoarensnoa" )f(epTBbl (ocnoaanae "npenropona", e ro snpa - cnararrauta) . B raKOM crryxae OAHH 6JlH3Heu (ycnoaao - Kpnsaarac) TpaKTOBarrCJI KaK OCHOBaTCllb ropena (xepea C06CTBeHHYJO cMepTb) ,a npyron - KaK OCHOBaTenb )f(peqCCKoil: TpaAHUHH. Cp, raxxe npeAJIO)f(eHHOe HeAaBHO .H. Ilyxaerrer-t pasnaveaue AByX THllOB 6nH3He'IH0!\ na-

pbl - "Twin" H "Man". CM.: Puhvel J. Op, cit., p. 153-157 (cp, Ap.-HHn. Yamo : Manu, np.srepsr. Ymir : Mannus, rtporoparacx. * Yemos : * Viros H r.n. O)l,HH H3 6llH3HCUOB nsicryrrae r npa 3TOM KaK nepasra CMCPTHblil:, TOT, KTO npnoouornca K HHOMY uapCTBY,

H acnnouiaer e060il: ")f(H3Hb CMepTHYJO", a npyroa - KaK OCHOBaTcllb perrarnoauoro aaKOHa, yspcnarem, paryana,

3Ta crarsx 6blJla aarracana B nepaost BapHaHTC B 1975 r. H npenaaaaavanacs AJIlI 106Hneil:Horo C60pHHKa, 1l0CBJIIlleHHOro 3. I'acnapnaa. K CO)f(arICHHIO, 3TOT C60pHHK OCT<lJ1ClI Heony6nHKollaHHbIM. B HaCTOllIllCM H3).IaHHH crarss neuaraerca B HCCKOJlbKO pacumpcuaow BHAe.

eM.: HeOHo6 BJl~. Bc., Tonopo e B.H Hccnenoaanax II o6nacTH CJ1aBlIHCKIIX APCBHOcrcn. '>1., 1974.

175

MaerCJI nonsrrxa 3arrOJIHI1rb ary JIaKyHy 11 npennoxorrs xomcpernoe

onacaaae pexoncrpyapyesroro »cencxoro ofipasa, naanoe, npasna, B ornoCHreJIbHO KparKOM H CYMMapHOM sapaaare.

PeKOHcrpYKUl11O YMecrHO aa-rars C rex MorHBOB, xoropsre yzce 11 panswe B roii I1JII1 HHOH CBfl311 npaanexana BHl1MaHHe I1CCJICUOBareJIeit. TaK, aanpasiep, B apXal1qeCKI1X IO)KHOCJIaBHHCKI1X necuax MH<pOJIOrl1qeCKOrO UI1KJ1a CHeU raxoro )l(t;HCKoro rtepcoiraxca MO)KHO aaners B oopaae COJIHUeBOH cecrpsr 11 UBOlOPOUHOH cecrpsr Mecaua (C.-XOpB. Mjeceueea npeotipat.1"'Ie<:1a), rrOJlBJIJlIOIUeMCfl B BeCbMa xapaxrepnor-r xonrexcre:

Tar-to KalKY r 0 p Y jasopony, 11 y ropn BOAY OOCHIbKOBY,

11 KOA BOAe EOCHJbKY A j e B 0 j K Y

ilOBeAOille DOCHIbKY njeuojrcy, Ilpnje uapa pajeu roaopana: "lllro ca uape, aa Me IIOPY4HO?

"Ja car-t C Y HU Y P 0 ~ e Hac e C T P H u a, "A M j e C e U Y 1I P B 0 6 p a r y 4 e A a" ...

(CYH4eBa cecrpa H uap3).

3ror I1pHMep He JlBJIJlerCJI HI1 eUI1HI1QHbIM, HI1 1130JIl1pOBaHHbIM, OH orpaxcaer HeKHH craanaprasra Morl1B, C pa3HbIMI1 BapHaUI1J1MI1 rrpeUCraBJIeHHbIH

B ueJIOM UHKJle, rax Ha3bIBaeMbIX ")!(eHCKI1X" necen, cp.: "CYHUe 11 Mjeceu rrpoce njesojxy" (. .. AJI' cy y epao oeeet tiparax.tlleeetuna cectpy :>.tajy,IHo UX cectpy c Y H 14 e npocu,l. .. C 0PY2e crpaue M j e c e 14 npocu, I Hu jeoan je tipar He oaie ... N° 229, c.152; xapaxrepno B xonrexcre HMeH )!(eHCKOro rtepconaxca OCHOBHoro MI1<pa HMJI cecrpsr - Mape) , '')I{eHlfu6a cjajnora Mjeceua" (onna H3 naationee OQeBI1UHbIX nepexnauex C ClO)!(erOM He6ecHoH cBaUb6bI B 6aJITHHCKOM MI1<pOJlOmQeCKOM <pOJlbKJlOpe; cp. paxrxy rexcra: (/JaJZuJla ce seujesoa 0 a H U 14 a: 10 sceuuhy cjajnoea M j e c e 14 a, I Hcnpocuhy M y IIJ Y 00 o6J1aKa,IOKYMuhy E 0 2 a jeounoea ... ICTaoe MY'" a cape ouienurunllaoe Eo 2 y uetiecue BUCUHe,l ... A 11/1 U j U .My fb e U

C T P U j e JI e N° 230, c.153), "Oner )!(eHHu6a Mjeceueaa" (N° 231, C. 153-154; napaanr npensmyurero rexcra C Ba)!(HbIMI1 HOBbIMH ueraJIJlMI1 - Oen.ena Mapuja, oeate JlCUBU, CTP Yelle U 2pOMOBe 11 np.}, "CyHQeBa cecrpa 11 nama THpaHHH" (cp.: ... Jecte MJlaOa pueu 20BopuJla:I"(/JaJZa 602Y, uyoa BeJlUKO- 2G!llIa JlU je ce natua nOMa/IUO ?lJ(02a xohe oa Y3Me sa Jby6y,lOa OH Y3Me C .J.' Ii 'I e B y C e C T P u 14 y, 1M j e C e 'I e B y n p B 0 6 p a r y 'I eo r.l jJaHU'IU-

«y Eo 20M no C e C T P U My .. "W 232, C. 154-155, cp. N° 233), "Ilap 11 njeaojxa" (N° 234, C. 155-156, C MOrHBaMI1 COJlHua, 3MI1J1 11 r.n., cp.:

C8CTJlU uape, oepujano cYH14e!; ~7JyTOM ea je 3 M U j 0 M 3aY30Ma,I Jotu ea

!b Y h. 0 M 3 M U j 0 M oiuutiyie ... ), "HeQYBeHI1 rrOCnOBI1" (Hu Ca>.t C y H 14 Y «oce nnena, I HUT' M j e C e 14 y oeope MeJla,1 BaH crajana, re 2J1eoQ.Jla,ltle ce M Y fb a C 2 P 0 MOM uepa ... N° 235, C. 157) H Up.4. Cxornrsre MOrl1BbI B rOM »ce »caape MI1<p0JlOrl1qeCKI1X )!(eHCKI1X neceu 113BecrHbI (xauie acero B nane OC-

CM.: CPIlCKC naponae njecrae, Cl<YIIHO HX Ii na caajer {l3Aao BYK Crerp, Kapau ah , KH. I. Beorpan, 1976, N~ 233. c. 155.

nepeKJIH4KY C TeKCTaMH sroro umcna MOlKHO o6HapYlKHTb H B TaKHX lIeCHHX, KaK "]I>y 6a ora.eaara" (Hu CMU 6pa1ia, H UTU 6 p a t y 'I eo U I ... Hscan U CMO U rpeheza

1760PY2a,I.fJYoo, .M!WOO, «a oane« ' JtlJleTe,l ... TaM' ea KaJICY U OJICeHUO ce,l Yseo je

KOJIKOB H.'lH rpaHC<poPMHPOBaHHbIX aapaanroa) 11 B npyrax CJlaBHHCKI1X rpaAHUHHX, npesore BCerO - lO)KHOCJlaBHHCKHX. OMH H3 HaH60Jlee rrOJIHbIX

H 113BeCrHbIX 06pa3UOB - 60JIrapCKHH rexcr "Crrsnneaa )!(eHlfr6a aa xyoasa I'posnaaxa", orry6JIHKOBaHHbIH eure B cepenane XIX B.s B xonrexcre rpanc<popMaUHH OCHOBHoro MI1<pa ocooenno noxaaarensno npayposenae )!(eHl1rb6bI B nOH necne K UHlO CB. I'eopran (Ha JlU'IeH oen, na rep 2 bOB 0 e H,I 3J1aTU ce IlIOIlKU cnycuan U I Ha rp030aH KUHU oeopoee ... ), r.e. roro XPI1- CTJUHI1311pOBaHHoro nepconaxa, xo ropsni B pa3HbIX rpaUHUHHX rrpOUOJl)!(aJI 06pa3 I'poraosepxua B 60nee apxaasnsix aapaanrax ClO)!(erHOH cxesu» OCHOBHoro MH<pa.

YQl1rbIBaH paccsrorpemn,re paaee 6aJIrl1HCKI1e MI1¢OnOmqeCKl1e rexcrsr

o He6eCHOH CBaUb6e. rue, B qaCrHOCrH, I'possoaepaceu (nar. Perkiinas,

JITlII. ~erkons), paarnesaaumce na MeCHU 113-3a ero 113MeHbI, paapyoaer ero MeqOM , MO)KHO npennonoxorrs, sro 11 B CJIaBHHCKOM MI1¢e CXOUHaH reMa fisina MOrl1BHpOBKOH narrsneinnero noenainca I'postoaepacna C ero rrporI1BHHKOM. Ho eure aasoree B CBH311 C reMOH :HOH crarsa ro 06CrOHreJIbcrso, xro qepe3 sror MorHB eure HCHee CraHOBl1rCH xpyr )!(eHCKI1X nepcoHa)!(eH, xoropsie UOJI)KHbI paccvarpasarsca KaK pesynsrar rpancrpopraauaa ofipasa )!(eHbI I'posrosepxua B OCHOBHOM MI1¢e. HapHUY C 0603HaqeHHbIM anecs 06pa30M ueBHUbI, CBH3aHHOH B MOTHBe CBaUb6bI C COJIHueM 11/I1JII1 MeCHueM, MO)!(HO aaaaars H npyroa ran 3aMeHbI, B nexoropsrx ornotueHI1HX GOJlee BepHO nepenarounra ornerrsnsre xeprsr )!(eHbI I'poraoaepxcua. Y)!(e rrl1CaJIOCb 0 CKa30qHOM ofipase 14aPU14bl Manansuuu , )l(eHbI 14aPJl 02HJl, B crozcere, rue ysacrnyer 11 14aPb 3MUYJlaH, rpaacdiopvauas ofipaaa rrpOTHBHI1Ka I'poraosepscna (Arhanacsen I, N° 164). I1MH MaJlaHbU14a, rrepCOHI1¢I1- KaUI1H MOJlHHI1, orcsmaer K OCHOBHOMY arpafiyry I'pocroaepxna (cp. I1MH car-ioro napa / < I'poxsoaepsora/ ~ 020Hb); noxasarensno, qro I1MH MMaHbJl nOBOJlbHO uacro scrpesaercs B BOCrOqHOCJlaBHHCKI1X rexcrax, rax I1nH I1Halie CBH3aHHbIX C MH¢OM H pHryaJIOM; B HeM BO MHomx cnysaax C nocrarOQHblM OCHOBaHHeM MO)!(HO Bl1uerb UaJIbHeHlIIHe pesyrn.rarsr necaxpannsaUI1I1 (rrpo<paHI13aUI1I1) apxaasnoro ofipaaa H CBfl3aHHbIX C HHM MOTHBOB

(cp. MMaHbUHa ceaostia B CBH311 co CBaUb60H I'posioaepscua). Eute OUI1H ran rpaHC<popMaUI1I1 ofipaaa roro )!(e )!(eHCKOro nepcoaaxca 113 OCHOBHoro MI1<pa npencraanen cyuiecraasoi fionee HI13KHX YPOBHeH cnaBHHCKOH MI1<pOnOmqeCKOH CI1CreMbI, xoropsre HepeUKO npanannescar K rpynrtoasn-r rrepcoHa)!(aM rr04TH ueMOHOnOrl1QeCKOrO xapaxrepa (cp. uapu, pycantcu , yxp. Hi'lKU H r.n.) ; yrparHB 60JlblIIYlO sacrt, arpafiyros , CBH3bIBaBlIII1X I1X C

Jb Y 6 y 0 2 Ib e e U T y,l ... Me c e 14 epeje uapy na eeuepy; I OHa «yne jacnoea

Me c e 14 a: "0 Me c e 'I e, uapee ueeepnuue! ... (NQ 238, c. 158) HIlH "Jby6a 3Maja Onseaora" (NQ 239, c. 159), xoropue H caMH IIO ce6e ofipasytor ctoxernoe nerroe, CBH3aHHOe, KaK lIOKa3aHO aBTOpaMH B npyror-r MeCTe, C OCHOBHblM MH<i>OM.

CM.: Pakoecxu r.e. Ilorcaaaneu HIlH PhKOBOAcTBO KaK rta ce H3AHPHT aaa-crapa

6 41>pTH nauiero 6~THH, 4.1I1>pBa. Oncca, 1359, c. 127-128.

Cp. YKp. nepetcpiu KaK 0603Ha4eHHe MeCHua (H p a 3 p e 3 a), na 4TO 6bIllO oopauieno BHHMaHlie B CBH3H C cooTBeTcTBYIOIUIlM MH<i>0Ilorn4ecKHM MOTHBOM etue A.A_:nOTe6Heti. Cp, B IlHTOBCKOti IICCHe xcanofiy Mccaua: As k a r d u p e r d a l y t a si Smutnas mano veidclis (Reza I, N° 81, p. 292· .. 293) Hilli H31l0lKeHHe aroro xce MOTHBa:

Perkiins, didiiai supykcs,I j I (T.C. Mecaua) k.a T d u per d a Ii j U . .. (Reza I,

NQ 27, p.92-93) H r.n., T.C. Il ofx-ux cnY4aBX "OBOPHTCH 0 paccexemra Mecsua Me40M B OAHOM H3 UCHTP3JlbHbIX MOTHBOB CIO)f(eTa Hc6eCHoJ:\ CB3Ab6bI.

12. 3aK. IJ6

177

fionee BhICOKHMH ypOBHHMH CHCTeMhI, OHH TeM He MeHee HHOr)];a coxpaaalOT cnensr CBH3H: C <popMoii fiorree craporo H:MeHH: H:CXO)];HOrO 60)f(eCTBeHHo-

ro )f(eHCKOro nepconaxca HnH C )J;HarHOCTH:'IeCKH Ba)l(HhIMH: MOTHBaMH: OCHOB-

HOrO MH:q,a (cp. CBH3b C BOAOH:, B 'IaCTHOCTH:, 'Iepe3 BXO)f()J;eHH:e B 06PHAhI BbI3bIBaHH:H )J,O)l()J;H) 7. 3TH noanneaurae tpancrpopstauaa caMH no ce6e

H: 06hIQHO BHe CBH3H C OCHOBHhIM MH:<pOM OnH:CaHhI )];OCTaTO'lHO rroAp06HO, rorna KaK 60)l(eCTBeHHhIH: )l(eHCKHH: nepcoaaxc OCTaeTCH B KOHTeKCTe aroro MH:q,a erne no-rra He H:CCne)];OBaHHhIM. Ero H3Y'IeHH:e npencraanae r H:HTepeC KaK AJIH cnaBHHCKOH: MH<ponorHH H: ee HH)];OeBpOneH:CKHX HCTOKOB, TaK H AJIH Hccne)J,OBaHHH porra »cencxoro naxana B cnaBHHCKOH: xyrrsrypao-coll,HaIThHOH: TPMHll,H:H, 'IeMY rrOCBHIll,eHbI MHOrHe pa60TbI 3. Tacnapana" .

Ho, BH)J;HMO, ecrs see OCHOBaHHH rOBOpH:Tb 0 60nee TO'lHhIX COOTBeTCTBH:SIX 06pa3Y )l(eHbI fpOMOBep)l(l.l,a Y)I(e B npenenax ypOBHH 60)l(eCTB (06 3TOM ynoMHHaITOCh B pane npesoorx CTaTeH:). Pess H)J,eT 0 MOKOllIH:, KOTopaH B~ BOCTO'lHOCnaBHHCKOH: Tpa)J;Hll,HH 3aCBH)];eTenhCTBOBaHa KaK e)J,HHCTBeHHhIH )l(eHCKHH nepcoaax Bna)J;HMHpoBa rtaareona, rroHBnHIOIll,HH:CH B ApeBHHx cnacxax 60roB H HX H306pa)l(eHHH: na nocnenaexr MeCTe - nocne scex MY)I(CKHX 60roB naareona. Cp.: H uaua KH4!JlCUTU BOJlOOUMep'b 6'b KUe6-6 eOUH'b' U nOCTa6U KYMUPbl ua XOJlMY' 6Ht oeopa tepeunaeo- lle,p_YHa o,ee6AHa. a <!Jla6Y eeo cpetipeuy . a 0YC'b 3J1aT'b' U Xspca jJ[JJI{b6a. U CTPU- 6a. U Cuuapsena . U M 0 K 0 W b [u] JlCpAxy UM'b HapUlJlOU4e 6 [oe] bl.

[u] npU60JICaxy CHbl C6()/{). U omuepu- U JlCpAxy 6DcOM'b· [u] WCK6ep-

H41xy 3eMJlIO repetiauu C60UMU· coctceepnucst KP06bMU 3eMJlA Pycica.

JIaBp. neron., aa 980 r., n.25 (c. 79). Cxonnoe npOTHBOnOCTaBneHHe MoKOllIH BceM MY)I(CKHM 60raM nafirnonaerca H B rex (06bI'IHO 60nee n03)];HHX) TeKCTax, r)J,e ee HMH CTOHT B aaxane crracxa: .. , UJlCe MOJIRTCR 02- He6U nod 06UHOM, 6UJlaM'b, M 0 K 0 W U, CUMOY, Psenoy, Ilepoyuoy, BoJlOCY CKOTblO 60q, Xspcoy, poooy, pOJICaHU~RM'b U 6CDM'b npOKJlRTbIM'b 60<!OM'b UX'b .. , ("CnoBo nexoero XpHCTOnI06ll,a", OKOH'Iar. pen,"), Ilepe'IHCneHHe MOKOllIH B cnacxe Oq,Hll,HaIThHbIX 60roB (naxoe ecna caM crrHCOK orpazcaer He rorrsxo [HnH He CTonhKO] HCTHHHYIO KapTHHY, HO H OT'IaCTH HapO'IHTOe, HCKYCCTBeHHoe KOHCTPYHpOBaHHe) H ee npeaxryurecraennoe COOTHeceHHe C ITepYHOM (ITepYH & )J,PYrHe MY)I(CKHe 60rH & MOKOllIh

B nepaoxt npustepe H MOKOllIh & ITepYH & )J,PYrHe MY)KCKHe 60m BO BTOPOM npnsrepe; pa3)];BOeHHOe CUMOY, Pb<!JlOY BCTaBneHO nocne MOKOllIH HBHO no 01lIH6Ke, cp. 06hI'lHoe pacnpenenenae sroro fiora B cnncxax)

Y;lI(e 06pa3YIOT TOT Ba)l(HbIH HCXO)];HhIH rrYHKT AaIThHeHllIeH peKOHCTpYKll,HH, KOTOPhIH coxpaannca HCKnlO'lHTenhHO B )];peBHepYCCKHX rraMHTHHKax. 3TO HCKITIO'IeHHe B H3BeCTHOM OTHOllIeHHH He MO)l(eT 6bITh npH3HaHO cnyxaiiHbIM, TaK KaK, so-nepasrx, H n03)1(e aenocpencrsenasre AaHHbIe 0 MOKO-

ura KaK )l(eHCKOM MH<ponOrH'IeCKOM rtepcoaaxce coxpaHHIOTCH rorrsxo Y BOCTO'lHhlX cnaaan H, BO-BTOPhIX, cpena acex 60roB )J,peBHepYCCKHX crrHCKOE HMeHHO MOKOllIh, nozcanya, HaH60nee nposno coxpanarra CBOH 1l03HUHH

B fiorree nosnaee BpeMH (c HeH: MO)l(eT conepaasars, no )J,aHHhIM He)];aBHHX HCCne)];OBaHHH, rorrsxo Bonoc):

Ilasce nocne rrpHHHTHH xpHCTHaHCTBa H nepasrx nonsrrox HCKopeHeHHH H3hI'IeCTBa, onacanasrx, KCTaTH, noaace B "ITponO)l(HOM )l(HTHH KHH3H Bna)J,HMHpa" (cp.: npuuieas 6'b KUe6'b ustiu 8CR UOOJlbl U Ilepyua, Xypca, jJ[JJI{b60<!a U M 0 K 0 W b ... ), MOKOllIH nponorosana MonHTbCH )l(eHIll,HHhI He ronsxo fiennoro, HO H fioraroro cocnoaaa, rrpH'IeM CYIll,eCTBOBaITH OCo- 6ble cnY)I(HTenhHHUbI aroro xynsra, )l(PHUhl-UOOJlOMOJlb~bl, 0 'IeM coofiuiaeTCH, Me)l()];Y rrpO'lHM, B O)];HOH PYCCKOH PYKorrHCH XIV B.; cp.: '" U

M 0 K 0 W 15 U oa utue CR He R6D MOJlRTb, oa otau npusueatoue U 00 JI oM 0 JI b u 15 6a6bl, TO see T60pRT He TOKMO xyoiu ntooie, H'b U 602aTb1X'b MyJICUU sceuu (0 Tpe60Kna)J,eHHH H)J,OJIbCKOM. Ileprasi. PYK. XIV B. MOCK. CHHO)];.6-KH, N° 954, n. 33 06.10). C06cTBeHHo rosopa, 0 nonynxpnocra MOKOllIH cpena )l(eHIll,HH B rexeaae MHOrHX BeKOB nocne rrpHHHTHH XPHCTHaHCTBa MO)l(HO CY)J;HTb H rro uenosry PH)];Y )];PYrHX CBH)];eTeJlbCTB, cpena KOTOPbIX ocofioe MeCTO 3aHHMalOT 06nH'IHTenhHhle CnOBa npOTHB coxpaaaIOIll,HXCH H3hl'leCKHX BepOBaHHH. KOHTeKCThI, B KOTOPhlX ynosraaaercs Moxours, fionee HnH MeHee 0)];1l006pa3Hhl, XOTH CYIll,eCTBYIOT H aexoropsre moancsr, rr03BOnHIOIll,He BKnlO'IHTh npencrasnenaa 0 MOKOllIH B fiorree urnPOKYIO KapTHHY. COCTaBHTenb OKOH'IaTenbHOH penaxuan CnOBa nexoero Xpacrornooua, 06nH'IaH "XPhCThHHb )];BOBOPHO )l(HB YIll,HXb " , xoropsre B CBOHX 3a6nY)I()J;eHHHX "na XOY)I(hllIe COYTh )l(H)];OBb H eperaxs H fiorrrapt., H)I(e B BOPO H Bb xpsuienia coyure, a TaKO TBOPHTb", noraeutaer B TeKCT BCTaBKY, rrpe)J,CTaBnHIOIll,YIO C060H uenyio KapTHHY rrpononxaiomero csoe CYIll,eCTBOBaHHe H3bl'leCTBa: H 615pOylOTb es Ilepoyua, U 8'b Xspca U 6'b CUMa, U 6'b Psena, U et. M 0 K 0 W b, U es eunu, uxsce lJUCJlOM'b tpuoeCRTe ceCTpeHU~b, - 2J1a<!OJlIOTb - OKaHbHUU - He8D<!JlaCU, U MHRTb 602bIHRMU, U TaKO KJlaOOYTb UM'b rpe6bl U - xoposan }1Mb MonHTh - KOYPbl PDJlCIOTb; U 0<!He8U MOJlRTb see CR, 306YU4e eeo C6apOJICUlJbMb; U lJeCH06UTOK'b, 60- <!OM'b »ce T80PRTb, eeoa see tioyoer« oy KO<!O nup s, roeoa xnaooyrs 6'b ebopa U 8'b lJauiE U nuors, 6eCeJlRU4eCR 0 UOOJlDX'b C60UX'b. - Ii erna xce oy xoro HXb 60Y)J,eTb fipaxt., TBOpHTh Cb 60y6hHhl H Cb COrrBJIbMH, H

co MHorblMH 'I1O)];eCbI 60COBCbKhlMH; H HHO )l(e cero ropne ecrs: yCTpOHBhllIe cpasrory MOY)I(hCKOYIO H Ba BO)];pa H Bb 'IallIO, nsrors H, BhIHeMbure , OCMopKhIBalOTb H 06nH3bIBalOT H uonoYIOTb ... (374-375); cp. Y)I(e unrapoaasuryiocs BCTaBKY (377). Bo BTOpoi1-Pe)J;aKUHH 3TOrO)l(e ~~oBa nocne onacaaaa H3hI'IeCKHX 3a6nY)I()J;eHHH, KOTOPbIM nonaepxensr eneaa oKaHhHHH" (H CeMeJlUHO tpetiotcnaoense <!POMY i MOJlaHbRM'b H nanee >-

o <paITnH'IeCKHX otipanax}, HaXO)J;HTCH BCTaBKa, BBO)J,HmaH H MOKOllIh Y cnasan B KOHTeKCT Tex )l(e 3pOTH'IeCKHX H3nHllIeCTB: HMo K a W b uryt»

i MaJlaHUIO 6eJlMU nOlJUTaIOT, peKYU4e EYRKUHU! (382), cp. B OKOH'IaTeJlbHOH penaxuna Cnosa nexoero Xpacrornofnra: 1M 0 K 0 W b lJTyT U KblJl~y i MallaKUIO UJlCe ects POYlJbHblU tinoyo» 8eJlMU nOlJUTaIOT, peKYU4e EYRKU-

7 Cp.: Gasparini E. I riti popolari Slavi. Venezia, 1951-1952, ocoeeuno rpersio rnaBY - "La cacciata dei rnorti c la morena", a raxxce: Ilouepauueea 3.B. MH!l>oJlornlJeCKHe nepconasor B PYCCKOM !l>OJlbKJIOpe. M., 1975, c.49 H cnen.: H np.

Cp. ocotiemro neaaaaee ero HCCJlenOBaHHe: Gasparini E. II matriarcato slavo. Antropologia culturale dei Protoslavi. Firenze, 1973.

• Csr.: AHU~Koe E.B. JI3bIlJeCTBO H )lpeBHJIJI PYCb. Cn6., 1914, C. 377. - 0 AHCTPH- 6YUllH HMeHH MOKoIIIH B cmscxax (B lJaCTHOCTH, 0 ce OTMelJeHHOM cooraeceaaa C HMeHeM Ilepyna) CM.: Heauoe B.B., Tonopoe B.H. CJlaBlIHCKHe 1I3blKOBbie MOneJlHPYlO!llIIe CeMHOTHlJeCKHe CHCTeMbI. M., 1965, C. 25.

178

1 0 CM. raxxce: CMuplloe C. Ea6bI 6oroMep3KHe. - B KH.: C60PHHK crarea, nocaauresHblX B.O. KnlOlJeaCKoMY. M.,1909, c.224 HAP·

179

ItU! (385). B 3TOH )l(e peAaKU:HH OTMeqeHO eure HeCKOJIbKO BCTaBOK C HMeHeM MOKOllIH. Cpo (nocne ynoMHHaHHH 3JIJIHHOB, "H)I(e BOCHTCH )l(py-

uie Marepa BOcoBhCrDi A <p P 0 A H TO 60 r H HO, H Kopynb +Kopyaa )l(e 6YAeTb AHTiHXPHCU:H MaTH ~H ApTeMHAD npoxrrarb i ,!I.eoMHccD, CTerH0pO)l(eHilO" H "eJIeHhCKHH n 10 6 B H"): TtM'O see 6020M'O tpetioy «naooyrs U T80pRTb U cnoeeusctcuu R3blK: eunau» U M 0 K 0 UI b u, JI.UBD, Ilepoyuoy, Xupcy, pooy U pOJICaltu14aM, ynupeus U 6epe2UltRM'O U Ilepennyry U eepsrs'1eCR nuots eMOY B'O P03DX'O. H 02lteBU CBapOJICU141O MOIlRTCR U naesu« MbBb T80pRTb U 8b TeCtD MOCTbl iJ!jllalOTb U KOll00R3D U una Mlt02aR

see ... (384-385); - TaKoJICe U 00 CIl08DIt'O ooioe ce C1l080. I TH nauanra rpefisr KrraCTH pOAY H pO)l(aHHu:aM npexe Ilepoyua, 602a UX'O [A npesce T020 KIlMU tpetiu oynupeu i 6epe2blItRM]. TIo CBHrDMb )l(e xpeuieusa Ilepoyua o rpunytua, a no Xpacra 6hIJI naurero HllIaCH. Ho i HOHe no

o y K P a i HaM b MOIlRTCR eMY npOKIlRTOMY 60q Ilepoyuoy [u Xt-pcoy

U M 0 K 0 UI U U BUllaM'O] TO T80pRT orai; cero )l(e He MoryT CH rrHllIHTH aasemue Bb noraascrab, nazce H AO ceJ1D npOKJIHTOrO CTaBJIeHiH BTOphIH rpanessr, napeseansre pony H pozcaaanasn, ... (385-386). Iloxasarenea rpparraexr H3 YCTaBa npen. CaBBhI (PYKon. XVI B., TIy6JI. 6-Ka, N° 100).

B OAHOM H3 TaK naasraaesrsrx "acrroaennsrx sonpocos" cBHllleHHHKY npennHChlBaeTCH cnpocars y ncnoaenyesaoa )l(eHlllHHhI: IlU cnnyruna eci 3 6a- 60MU 6020MepbCKIilR 61lYObl, IlU MOIlU/laCR ecu eunau '0 , IlU pooy i poJlCeItU14aM'O U Ilepyuy, U XOPbCY, U M 0 K 0 UI u, nUlla U ella (naxaaaaae ":; IlDTa nOCT'O C'O nOKIlOIt/blj). Ta )l(e npaxraxa orpaxena H B XYAhIX censCKHX HOMOKaHYHu:ax XVI B. - B nortpoce, ofipameanor-t CBHllleHHHKOM K )l(eHlllHHe na HcnOBeAH: He xoouna IlU ecu K M 0 K 0 UI b?11 Cp. TaK)I(e

B TI pnruax H 3anOBeAHX rocnOAHHX YKa3aHHe TaKHX "nyurenasrx rpexon ", KaK sepsr "B ycrpauro H B M 0 K 0 III h H B CHOCYAhU:h,,1 2. Bonee CTaHnaprrro coo6111eHHe Cnoaa l10aHHa 3rraToycToro: a opysuu [noxnosanacs] Ilepyuy, Xypcy, BUllaM'O U M 0 K 0 UI ul 3. l1Ma MOKOIllH OTMeqeHO H B pane npyrax TeKCTOB - acerna BTOPHqHhIX B OTHOIlleHHH coorsercrayrounrx cBeAeHHH H 06blqHO nepenaiourax casso HMH C HCKa)l(eHHeM. Cp.: Mauau

see uaps ... uaua npusueatu 602U CBOR: Ilepyua ... M 0 K 0 UI a, Paxnun (CKa3aHHe 0 Mar-raeaoea nooomne. JIeTonHcHaH peAaKIJ,HH, no cnacxy fl1M,

Canonansaoe cofipanae, N° 485) 14 ann: ItO UMeRXY etue U tioneu 60208,

CU eCT Xopca, jJQJlC602a, CTpu602a, Ceuapena, M 0 K 0 UI a ... ; eonepeux nOCTaBU Ilepyua ... Ita TOM MeCTe, uoexe nuue 14ePK08 C8RT020 BaCUIlUR, nOTOM Xopca, jJaJIC602a, CTpu602a, Ceuapena, M 0 K 0 UI a ... (fYCTbIHCK. ner. TICPJI 2, 1843, 250, 256-258) H r.n, Teva HCKa)l(eHHH HMeHH MOKOllIH (annon, AO MeHhI rpaMMaTHqeCKOrO porta) H ee <PYHKIJ,HH H xapaxrePHCTHK sacnyxaaaer oco6oro BHHMaHHH. He OCTaHaBJIHBaHCh na HeH 3AeCh, B CBH3H C OCHOBHOH TeMOH 310H crarsa, Bce-TaKH uenecoofipasuo npHBeCTH PHA n03AHHX npHMepoB, ynosnorarourax MOKOllIh. Cp.: Pa38e rex=tiecoecxux

KYMUP, etue U uuuu uoonu Mlt03U 6RXY no UMeItU, YCIlRO UIlU OCIlRO, . Koptua UIlU Xopc, Ilatuytia UIlU JI.QJlC6, Crputia UIlU CTpu60B, CUMaep21lR

UIlU Ceuapen, U M a K 0 UI, UIlU M 0 K 0 UI 0, UM?JTe tiecoi« noupauenuuu Il100ue, aKU Boey scepresi, U XBMeltUR B030aBaxy (I'asens, Caoncac, 1680, 29); ... Me MDIlU etue UX M1t020, KOTOPblM uuena CYTb TbLU: Xopc, JJ.QJIC- 602, M 0 KUla, CTPb1602, Ceuapen (Yxpaancxoe )l(HTHe Bnanasorpa,

TIpOCTp. pen., XVII B., XII); ... KOTOPblM uueua CYTb TbLU: Xopc, JI.QJlC6,

M 0 KUla, CTPb1602, Ceuapen (TaM )l(e, XIII); Ilputuon 00 Kuoea U no-

tiun ycu 602U ceoe, Ilepyua, Xopca, 31t0BY 602 e20 6blll M 0 K 0 UI, U noTOM BCR 602U notiun U y Iluenpy nOTOnUIl. .. (Yxpaaacxoe Ilponosoroe )l(HTHe BrraAHMHpa, no cnacxy XVII B. PYMHHU:. MY3eH, N° 325); 1) Ilepyu ... , 2) CTpu60, 3) M 0 K 0 UI, 4) Xopc ... (Tarauiea, l1CTOPHH, T.7, H3A.

1968, 97 - B nepecxaae CTPbIHKoBcKoro); Ilepyua ... U Xopca 602a, U jJQJlC6y 602a, Ctputia 602a, U Ceuapena, U M 0 K 0 UI ... (TaM »ce, T. 4, 1964, 132); 1) Ilepyu ... ; 2)CTpu602; 3) M 0 K 0 C-CKOTOB; 4) Xopc .. _ (TaM

)l(e, T. 2, 1963, 307) 1 5; ... nOCTaBUIl ... KYMUP Ilepyua oa U 0PY2UX

6020B: Xopca, JI.aJIC6y, Ctputia, Ceuapena U M 0 K 0 UI a (TaM )l(e, 56);

Ilepyu, CTpu60, Mo K 0 C, Xopc... (Tarauiea, JIeKcHKoH, T. 1, 1973, 166);

Piorun zasie Strybe, Chorsa, M 0 k 0 s s a, Rus wiasnie chwaliia . .. (Kro-

mer, 0 sprawach, 1611, 43); Drugie balwany byli miaaowane: Usiad, Korssa, Dassuba, Stribla, Symaergla, M a k 0 s z, etc., ktorych Russacy kumerami jednostajnie nazywali. .. (Stryjkowski, Kronika po1ska, 1582, 132); ... J kazat zarazem tamac, t{ue, y z gruntu wywracac Baiwany Charsa, Stryba, M ok 0 sa. .. (TaM )l(e, 140); Chwalili nad to y Ruskie Bogi, to iest Pioruna, Striba, M 0 k 0 s s a, Chorsuma (TaM )l(e, 147); ... UXJlCe uscsua Ilepyu ... , Ycnao, Kopca, JI.a3Ba, Ctputia, Suscuepna, M a K 0 UI. .. (Op6HHH, KHHra acropaorparpaa, 1722, 74) 16 .

KaK npaauno, fionsuraa xacrs 31HX BTOPHqHbIX, TpeTHqHbIX H T.A. CBHAerenscrs orpascaer eCTeCTBeHHbIH npouecc YTpaTbI H Ae<p0pMaU:HH crapsrx xapaKTepHCTHK MOKOllIU UJIH rrpouecc KOMnHrrHIJ,HH, corrpoaoxnaeso.ra BhIABH)l(eHHeM xapaxrepnsrx AJIH n03AHeH "Ka6HHeTHoH" MH<porrorHH "HOBbIX" HHrepnperanaa, xoropsre OCHOBbIBarrHCh aa nerxax CABHraX, KOHTaMHHaIJ,HHX, aaanoraax C aHTHqHbIMH naHTeOHaMH, 06111HX npencraanenaax 0 CTpYKType 60)l(eCTBeHHbix <PYHKIJ,HH. BQ BCHKOM cnysae 310T no CYTH nena nepssni aran B peKoHcTpYKU:HH MH<ponOmqeCKHX npencraanemni CrraBHH xapaxrepa- 30BarrCH 6eccnopHoH YMbIllIJIeHHOcThlO. l1HorAa OHa nosicrana yransraars secsva BepOHTHbJe seprsr pexoacrpyapyesrsrx 06beKTOB, HO qallle npHBOAHrra K euie 60JIhIlleH nyranaue. l1MeHHo n0310MY HaYKa 0 cnaBHHCKOH MH<ponorHH C cepennast XIX B. penxo 06palllarrach K 31HM n03AHHM HCTOqHHKaM H, KaK npaBHnO, OTHOCHnaCb K HHM aecssra KpHTHqeCKH.

Ilpyroe neno - )!(HBble cneztsr xynsra MOKOIllH, coxpanaamaeca B censCKOH cpene na Cesepe H Cesepo-Sanane POCCHH no MeHhIlleH Mepe AO nasana XX B. H <PHKCHpYlOlllHe u:eJIhIH pHA ocofenaocreii 310ro nepconaxa, xoropsre HeH3BeCTHhI crapsrsr TeKCTaM. 3TH cBeAeHHH, KOnHqeCTBO KOTOPhIX nOCTeneHHO YBerrHqHBaeTCH, OTHOCHTCH K rpevr Ba)l(HbIM c<pepaM - K aneiu-

11

CM.: Ilouaseapee A.H. llaMHTHHKH npeaaepyccxoa l.\epKoBHo-Y'llneJlhHot! nurepary fIhl 12 T. III. cns., 1894, C. 320.

r a CM.: Jlerorrnca PYCCKOl!: nareparypsr, VI, c.I00 (H.C. Taxoxpaaoa}. 1 ~ TaM )fCe, C. 107.

CM.: llOBeCTH 0 KYJlHKOBcKOl!: 6HTBe. 113).1,. nonror. M.H. TIIXOMHPOB, B.<1>. PlKHr&. Jl.A, 'uMHTpHeB. M., 1959, c. 103. B npyrnx cnacxax ynoxranaaae Moxounr oTeYTcrnyer soofiure.

180

i s Co. M a K a c, toe CKOT08 (TaM )fCe, T. 1, 1962, 101).

16 COOTBeTCTBYlOlllHe <pparMeHTbI npaaeneasr B KHHre: Zn~yenko M.T. The Gods of the Ancient Slav. Tatishchev and the Beginnings of SlaVIC mythology. Columbus, 1980 (appendix).

181

HOCTIi Moxoura, ee ¢YHK1(IiJlM Ii CBJl3aHHbiM C HeJO 06pJl)J,aM. ITOqTIi HIiqerO 1i3 aroii 06JJaCTii He 6bIJ10 1i3BeCTHO 0 Moxoum paaee. Me)f()J,Y TeM IiMeHHO 3T1i ¢aKTbl, B roa 1iJ11i IiHoii crenena ynepsoraaerasre )f(IiBoii Tpa)J,1i1(Heii,06pa3YJOT TY He06xo):UIMYJO OCHOBY peKOHCTpYK1(Ii1i, 6e3 xoropoir OHa oxasanacs 6bl Ii nernytioxoa Ii, rnasnoe, Marro)J,oCTOBepHoii. B qepe- 1I0BeUKoM y. OTMeqeHO npencraanenae 0 HeqliCTOM nyxe 110 IiMeHIi MoKOLUiI, )f(IiBYllleM B 1i36e, HO He npanannezcaurexr K xareropan )J,OMOBbIX

(He ")J,OMOBlixa"!). 3TO CYllleCTBO IIpe)J,CTaBJJHJ11i B ofipase )f(eHlllliHbl C 60J1blllOH rcnosoa Ii )J,JlIiHHbIMIi PYKaMH; Moxouia J1J06HT npacrs 110 HOqaM KY)f(JJH, eCJJIi Ha)J, HHMH He IIpOH3HeceHa )f(eHlllIiHaMH MOJ1HTBa, OTKY-

na H npacxasxa: "He OCTaBJlflU Ky.JICJlfl, a TO MOKOUla onpnoer"! 7. B OJJOaeuxok ry6. B pane MeCT CYllleCTBOBaJ10 nosepse, cornacno KOTOPOMY "Moxyura BenHKIiM rrOCTOM 06XO)J,HT )J,oMa Ii 6eCIIOKOHT npanyuiax )f(eHlllIiH. ECJJH IIpHXH )J,peMJJJOT, a sepereuo BepTliTCH, TO rOBopHT, qTO sa HHX IIpHJJa MOKYllla"I 8. ITPH CTpH)f(Ke OBeLl, TaM )f(e rrpHHHTO KJ1aCTb B HO)f(HH1(bI no KJJOqKY urepcra, 1I0HHMaeMOMY KaK »cepraa Moxyute. ITPH JJHHbKe HeOCTpH)f(eHHbIX OBeLl, rOBOpHJJH: Oii, MOKYUW CTpU.JICeT oBe4. ITo cBe)J,eHHHM roro )f(e E.B. Bapcona, OTHOCHlllHMCH K TeM )Ke MeCTaM, MOKYWY (HJJH MaKYWY) 60HTCH )f(eHlllHHbI: OHH paCII03HaJOT ee IIPHCYTCTBHe 110 ypsansro sepereaa H crepnreaca urepcrn OBeLl,I 9. bOH3Hb MOKOlllH CBH3aHa, OqeBH)J,HO, C PH)J,OM sanperoa B roa crpepe, rne OHa neacrnyer. 0 HHX MO)f(HO CY)J,HTb KOCBeHHO H 110 IIpHBe)J,eHHbIM asnue peqeHHHM, H 110 aHarrOrHqHblM sanperasr, CBH3aHHbIM C ITHTHH1(eii (CM. HH)f(e) , H, KOHeqHO, no )J,aHHbIM THIIOnOrHqeCKHX lIaparrJJeJJeii.

COIIOCraBJJHH 06111YJO cxexry OCHOBHoro MH¢a C IIpHBe)J,eHHbIMH nannsrMH, MO)f(HO IIPHiiTH K BbIB O)J,Y, qTO crapsni YKpaHHCKHii 311HqeCKHii TeKCT, ),IIOMHHaJOlllHii MOKOlllY, CO)J,ep)f(HT, BepOHTHO, KOCBeHHblii CJJe)J, B a xc H 0 r 0 MOTHBa OCHoBHoro MH¢a. Pevs H)J,eT 0 3allHcaHHOM B cepennne XIX B. B

c. KpaCIiJJOBKa K03eJJeLl,KOro y. OT BocbMH)J,eCHTHJ1eTHeii crapyxa TeKCTa 0 H3blqeCKOM 60re ITocBHCTaqe, CBH3aHHOM C 1I0ro)J,oH H BbJ3bIBaHHeM 6YPH, BeTpa Ii CJJY)f(HBllleM (KaK ITepYH, 110 cBH)J,eTeJ1bCTBY noronopon PYCCKHX C rpexasoi) npenjaeroxr rrOKJJOHeHHH KHH)f(eCKOii )J,PY)f(HHbJ. 3TO coxeraHHe KaqeCTB eCTecrBeHHO )J,JlH 60rOB C ¢YHKLI,Heii I'poxronepaoia H 06HaPY)f(HBaerCH H3 cnaBHHCKHX 60rOB rOJ1bKO Y ITepYHa, '(1 H3 6arrTHHCKHX-

Y Ilepxynaca-Ilepxonca HJ1H ero ClleLl,H¢HLI,HpOBaHHoro )J,BoiiHHKa J1HrOBCKoro Bangputys, npyccxoro Bangputtis, r.e. "BOJ1HoAYBa" (cp. erne JJHrOBCKoe 60)f(eCTBO Beaonarac, 6YKB. - 'TOCIIO;:UIH nerpa") 2 o. Ter-r aarepecaee, qro

B YIIOMHHaeMOM YKpaHHCKOM rexcre Ilocaacras (cp. CBUCTeTb, 0 serpe) Herr 0 C peA C T B e H H 0 CBH3aH C MOKOlllbJO, OCMbICJJHeMOii aaecs

HerarHBHO:

He eCT ce 60r nanr n 0 C B If C T a 'I Bor aacrcauraa, IUo BIfH cecaa 6yplf He B T If 1Il1f B,

Ila xaura Kopa6J11f B raxia CIfJlIf rrororms 2 1 llecb aain 60r Il 0 C B If C T a 'I cnas ,

tIlf B M 0 J< 0 1Il If ryrtas ...

ECTb-TO Bor HacToHIfrii: -

Bor XPIfCTIfHHCbKIfA .

Ilporas rrpe.!lIlOJIO)f(eHHJI 0 rrO)J,JlO)f(HOM xapaxrepe aroro TeKCTa IIOMHMO pana APYrHX cootipazcenaii ronopar H lIaparrJ1eJ1H3M MOTHBa HaCTOJImerOneaacroaurero fiora B CBJl31i C Moxoursro H rJ1arOJ1aMH onnoro KOPHJIy-tutu-urs -nO-TeW-UTb B pyccxoii 1I0CJJOBHLI,e Boe He M a K e W b, '1eM-HU- 6YOb oa no retuur (Ilans, ITOCJ1. I, H3.!l.3, 3; J],aJ1b, eJ10B., s.v.) , B CBH31i

C qeM BOCCraHaBJJIiBaerCJI COqeTaHHe Motcouiu-Motcetuu C rnar0J10M rana TeWUTb-TUWUTb (B 1I0J10)f(lireJ1bHOM OCMbICJ1eHIiIi .!lJ1H JI3blqeCKOii cpensr) 23. Bonee roro, cyutecmyror crapsre "aropasasre" rexcrsr, xoropsre B H3BeCTHoii r-repe orpazcaror ry )f(e cnryanmo, xro H npaseneaasn; asnne ¢parMeHT

o IToCBHCraqe, H )J,aJOr erne OAllO OCHOBaHHe )J,JJJI peKOHcrpYKLI,HH. HeCOMHeHHO, Iloceucrau YKpaHHCKoro TeKCTa CBJl3aH C 60)f(eCTBOM IIoXBUCT, IIo-

38U30 H r.n. B 1I03)J,HHX cnucxax ("Ka6HHerHbIX") 60rOB. B I'ycrsmcxoa J1eTOITIiCIi B crarse "0 nnorrax PYCKIiX" acrpevaerca J11060rrblTHblii OTPblBOK: TpeTUU II 0 3 8 U 3 0, JIflXU eeo napuuaxy II 0 X B U C T; ceeo BepUJlU 6blTU 60(!a aepy, cu eCT B030YXY, a UHblU noeoou U nenoeoou, UHblU eeo B U X P 0 M uapuuaxy, U ceMY II 03 B U 3 a y, UJlU B U X P y, flKO Boey, tcnatouotuecn MOJlJlXYCfl. 'Iereepruu JI a 00 ... ceeo BepUJlU 6blTU 60(!OM JIC e HUT B bl, BeCeJlUfl, Y T ewe H U fl 2 4 U BCflKO(!O 6Jla(!onOJlY'IUfl, flKO.JICe EIzJlUHbl Baxyca; ceMY »cepreu npunotuaxy XOTflU{U .JIC e HUT U C s, oa6bl eeo nOMOU{blO 6 p a K 006pblU U Jl 10 60 B H bl ii 6b1Jl. Ceeo Ilaooua, 6eca, no HeKaKUX ctpanax, U oonsine na xpectunax U na 6 pall ex BeJlU'IaIOT, nOIOU{e CBOJl HeKUJl neCHU, U pyxauu 0 PYKU UJlU 0 CTOJl nJIeU4yU{e. JIa- 00, Ilaoo, npenneratotue neCHU CBOfl, MHO(!aJICObl nOMuHalOT2 S • - XapaxrepHO, sro B 3 TOM Mecre Moxoun, orCYTCTByeT: OHa, KaK H npyrae crapste 60rH (Xopc, na)f(60r, CTpH60r26, Cexraprn}, YIIOMIiHaeTCH IT03)f(e Ii CO-

21 C 3TlfM MOTIIBOM YMeCTHO cpaanars oco6oro 60ra xopaonea Y rrpyccos If roro lKe Baarnyrnca, cnpenenxer-roro B nexcropsrx crapsrx IfCTO'!HIfKax KaK 60r MOpH If 6yplf.

., CM.: Kynuui Il.A, 3anlfcKif 0 IOlKHol! PYCIf, T. 1. Cn6., 1856, c. 171. - Ilpaana, H.H. KOCToMapoB asinaaraer nexoropsre COMHeHIfH B nOAnlfHHOCTIf aroro TeKCTa,

xoropsie B CBCTe HOBblX conocraanenan OTnaAalOT, no KPaAHeA Mepe B TOM,

tjTO xacaerca caworo MOTIfBa CBH31f nOCBIfCTa'!a If MOKOllIlf If COOTBeTCTBYlOlIleA cppa3COJlOrHlf. CM.: KOCTOMap06 H.M. HCToplf'!eCKoe 3Ha'!eHlfe IOlKHOpycCKoro Haponaoro necennoro TBOp'!eCTBa. - Co6p. CO'!., KH.8, T. 21. Cn6., 1905, c. 684.

23 CTOIfT OTMeTlfTb, 'ITO Il.A. Kynaur (YKa3. CO,!., c. 117) cxaran Moxoun, 6o['lfHeA TlfllIlfHbI.

24 K YTeUleHUJl cp.: Matcetus ... nOTeUlUT If flOC6UCTO'I ... He 6TUUlU6. - Jl. Hanepne TpaKTOBan Moxoun, KaK nOKpOBIfTenbHlfUY 6paKa, nOAo6HYIO Acrapre Ifnlf A<ppoAIfTe (:tivot starych Slovanii, dU. II, sv, 1. Praha, 1916, s. 122), npoTIfB xero asrcTYIIHn A. Bptoxaep.

" Cp.: Znay enko M.T. Op. cit., p. 181 a raioee 12, 17-18, 20-21, 27,34,41,106,

2.171,178,184,187,189. 1A

Ero CB1I3b C aerpoja BoCCTaHaBnllBaeTCH no UIfTaTe 113 CnOBa 0 norncy YlrOpeBe

o serpax KaK "CTPIl6olKbIlX BHYKax".

183

1 7 CM.: repaCUM06 M.K. Cnoaaps yeaaaoro 4epenOBeUKoro rosopa. - C6. OP.sIC, 1910, T. 87, NQ 3, c.56, Cp. raxxe nOlKHIO MOK6Ule6o B TOM lKe 4epenOBCUKOM y. CM. raxsce CPHr 18, 1982, C. 207.

1. CM.: EapC06 E.B. "CnoBO 0 nOJlKY HropeBe" KaK XYAolKeCTBeHHblA naMlITHIIK 19 Kaeacxoa APYlKlfHHOA PYCII, T. 1. M., 1887, c.360.

Cp, raxxe: Bnaouuupoe B.n. BBeAeIDIe B HCTOPIlIO PYCCKOl! cnOBeCHOCTII. K1ieB, 1896, c.258; ero lKe CTaTbIo B KH.: [louaxeapee A.H. YKa3. CO,!., c.320.

20 Pa3YMeeTCl{, oxeas BalKHO, 'ITO C BeTpOM H COOTBeTCTBYIOIIlHMII 60lKeCTBaMII 06bI'!HO CBH3aHbl I{ 3 pOT I{ '! e C K I{ e 3Ha'leHI{1l (cp. 06pa311,bI BHX [0 J pa HnH ReTpOB, l< J<OTOPbIM 06pal1l,alOTCH B JlIOPOBHblX pasroaopax) .

182

sepuremro oc060 B 'IHCIIC "HeaKrYaJIbHbIX" 60roB, YHaCIICUOBaHHbIX H3 upeBHOCrH H, BHUHMO, Y)I(e He CBH3hlBaCMbiX C 'lCTKO OC03HaBaeMbIMH <PYHKUHHMH (cp. cnocof BBCUCHHH ororo srcporo cnacxa a propos: 110 UMC5IXY CU{C U 6o.flCU 60208). CaM hIM Ra)l(HhlM B npHBeUCHHOM OTpbIBKe HY)I(HO cxarars cocencrso fiora B H X p s IT03BH3ua (: nOC8UCTall) C 60roM- 6ecoM )I( e H H T b 6 sr, fipaxa, To, xro B xasecrae nocnernrero asrcryrtaer My)f( C K a H nepconaxc rro HMeHH Jlazto, MeHee cyurecrsenno, ocofiernro

npa orcyrcrnaa B :nOM cnacice MOKornH (KCTarH, H car-r Jlano ofiaapy)l(HBaer B 3rOM Mecre CBOIO HenepBH'lHOCTb; era <PYHKUHH B H3BeCTHOH crenena BbIBOUHrCH "3THMOIIOrH'lCCKH": Jlaoo - nao., naours), B "Cnaorrcn. ce" B 3Ha'lHrCIIbHOH crenena nonropaerca onacauuaa caryauaa ("0 HUOnex", .c. 26): TPCTUU no 3 8 U 3 0, UllUU »ce nposeauia C20 no x 8 U C T, ueuuu uapuuaxy 8 U X P 0 M . .. gCTBCPTbIU Hoo» JJ a a 0 ... )f{CpT8bl CMY npuuoiuaxy, 20TOB5IU{UCC5I K Epa K y, nOMOU{blO Jlaoa M1l5lLUC cetie 006po BCCCIlUC U .fl 10 6 C 3 11 0 C JlCUTUC CT5IJlCaTU. Cp. Taiose: TpeTUU no 3 B U 3 0, 1l5lXU e20 seanu no x B U C T, a ubtcoropiu u B U x po M C20 lla3U6MU ... 'leteepruii JJ a a O .... TOMY o rjj'fjpbl npuuocunu, KOTOpiu JIC e 11 U T U C 51 ub.au . .. (YKpaHHcKOC )f(HTHe BIIaUHMHpa, ITPOCTp. pen. XII). B cnacxax, rue Her Ilocaacra, Ha6IIIOuaerCH YUHBHreIIbHoe COOTBercrBHe rrpeMO)!(eHHOH nsnue peKOHcrpYKUHH: 60r Be r p a CTpH60r OKa3bIBaeTCH B Hen a C p e AC r B e H HOM cocencrse C M a K a III b 10, BCIIeu aa KOTOPOH scxope nOHBIIHerCH H 60fHHH 6 P a K a H II 10 6 B H. Cp.: ... 2) CTpu60, 3) M 0 K 0 C, CKOTOB ... , 5) Iluoo, 602Ull51 6 p a K a U .fl 10 6 B u, 6) C5I cuu Jlaoo unu

2 7 '

Ileno, paenuu Kynuoe . .. . (TaTHLUeB, Hcropaa, T.4, 409), cp. TaK)I(e

sapaanr: Hcropna, r. 1, 101 (CrpH60-MoKOC- .. .1JHUO, "60rHWI mo6BH H fipaxa, nonofiaa Beaepe") 2 8. Haxoneu, H B nsece <Deo<paHa Ilpoxonosa-

"B" 6

'la JIaUHMHp re ose H3bI'leCKHe ora OKa3bIBalOTCH B HenocpeUCTBeHHOM

cocencrse. COKPYllleHHblH peurenaeja BJIaUHMHpa YHH'lTO)!(HTb KYMHPbI, »cpen Ileap nasrsaer: ... 0 tinaeue 603U'I Boneto sa sac seno. gu ue CKOPO ce, oPYJICe?/ JJ a 0 0 ue MOJICer YJlCe nnscatu, eMYJlCel Cue OC.flO OT 60208 scex ecrs nopyuenno.i Ho TOKMO natcre 08UJlCeT 6cye, lleOeUCT6ell1l0.'

M 0 LU K 0 see 0T1l100 KaOUlI lle 803MOJICeT llYTU, I A no 0 6 U 3 0 (0 CKop6 M05l! 0 JlCM MOU 8Ce.flIOTUU!) I npC6UTY eoneus UMaTb U xpauner, CTC1l5l5l'

. .. (MOlllKO - Moxours) .

, Haxoneu, CYLUeCTBYI01' H xapaxrepnsre H3bIKOBbIe cnazterenscrna CBH3H MOKOlllH co cdiepoa nona. B rosopax ITOUMOCKOBbH H3BeCTHO CIIOBO MOKOCb5l, 0603Ha'la1OLUee )f(eHLUHHY nerxoro nOBeueHHH (cp.: Tatcux Y nac llUM1l02'b 6bl.flb U 36MU UX unu M 0 K 0 C b 51 M U unu nbTaCKyxaMU) 2 9. Pa3YMeeTCH, He06xo}J.HMO C'lHTaTbCH C "YXYUllleHHeM" 3Ha'leHHH CIIOBa, CBH3aHHbIM C neperaenoa craryca MOKOlllH: HMH c06CTBeHHoe 60rHHH, )!(eHbI I'posronepxua B peKOHCTpYKwm, npeBpaLUaeTCH B HMH napauarensHoe, 0603Ha'la1OLUee )!(eHLUHHY HeUOCTOHHoro nOBeueHHH. TeM He MeHee caMO sro "YXYAlllCHHe" HMeJIO CBOHM OTnpaBHbIM IIOKYCOM npeUCTaBIIeHHe

a HOCHTeIIbHHue HueH HOJIa B HOIIO)!(HTeIIbHOM HJIH HeHTpaJIbHOM CMbICJIe,

o HeKHHX cneUH<pH'leCKHX )l(eHCKHX <PYHKUHHX, HaKOHeu, 0 Hap Y III e H H H nexoero status quo, HueaJIbHOrO nOBeueHHH B HOIIOBOH crpepe. CrOHT 3aMeTHTb, 'lTO B pafiorax HO peKOHcrpYKUHH OCHOBHoro MH<pa KaK OUHH

H3 rJIaBHbIX (KJIIO'leBbIX) MorHBOB, 06'bHCHHIOLUHX ABH)f(eHHe CIO)f(eTa B MH<pe, BbIHBJIHeTCH MOrHE H 3 M e H bI )l(eHbI I'powoaepxua CBoeMY fioxcecrBeHHOMY cynpyry (paayxieerca, H3BecrHbI H HHbIe, 06bI'lHO MeHee BbIpa3HTeJIbHbIe, . MOTHBHPOBKH ueHCTBHH) C ero npOTHBHHKOM. Pe3YIIbTarOM paapeurenaa KOH<pJIHKTa B 60)f(eCrBeHHOH cejase KaK paa H HBIIHerCH B oseas 60IIblllOM 'lHCJIe BepCHH OCHOBHoro MH<pa H a K a 3 a H H e Fpossoaepxuei« )l(eHbI-H3MeHHHUbI, mnueaae ee 60)l(eCTBeHHoro H cynpyxecicoro craryca, CCbIIIKa ee C He6a na 3eMIIIO, B npeHcnOUHIOIO, B XTOHH'leCKHe BOUM (KaK

H y6HHcrBO rrpOTHBHHKa I'poxronepxcua, C xoropsrr-i OKa3aJIaCb B npecrynHOH CBH3H ero )f(eHa). B 3TOM KOHTeKCTe 3BOIIIOUHH no cxejae "HMH 60- rHHH" -'> "0603Ha'leHHe orpauarensuoro xcencxorc nepconaxa" He TOJIbKO He YHHKaJIbHa, HO rHnOJIOrH'leCKH secsva pacnpocrpanena.

Bnpoxera, KOHe'lHbIH pesynsrar pa3BHTHH MO)l(eT 6bITb H HHbIM, XOTH 06LUHH OTTeHOK HeKOTopOH OTpHuaTeJIbHOCTH aenperaemro npHCYTCTByeT

B 3Ha'leHHH CJIOBa. Cp., nanp., B ronopax na TeppHTopHH 6bIBllleH HOBroPOUCKOH 3eMJIH MOKOLU, MOKYLU KaK 0603Ha'leHHe He'lHCTOH CHIIbI MH

, .... , 30

MOKOLUa XJIOnOTIIHBbIH 'leIIOBeK, OTMe'leHHOe B HpOCIIaBCKHX rosopax

Ilpojaexyrovaoe nOJIO)!(eHHe orpaxeao B nepconasce CIIOBeHCKOH CKa3KHKOJIUYHbe no HMeHH Mokoika? 1, KOTopaH, eCTeCTBeHHO, HanOMHHaeT rex PYCCKHX KOJIAYHHH - "60rOMep3KHX 6a6", 'lTO 6bIIIH, BHUHMO, CBH3aHbI C Moicoursro (CM. asnne). To )!(C, HO C nOU'lepKHBaHHeM 60IIbllleH MH<P0IIOrH'lHOCTH, MO)l(HO CKa3aTb 0 Moxyure (CM. asnue) H HepeUKo npenensno 6JIH3KOH K HeH KHKHMope-lllHlllHMope, nepcoaaxe PYCCKOH ueMOHOJIOrHH, carao HMH xoroporo conepsorr TO )l(e KOHCOHaHTHoe HUpO (M-K-LU), 'ITO

H MOKYLUa-MoKOLUb (cp. raxxe MOKpYLUa, MaKpCLUb H non.). CBH3b C

27

113 sroro orpsrsxa BIIAHO, 4TO cocencrao <p Y H K U H II (XOTH 6bl B peKOHCTpYKUHII) nasoree COCeACTBa IIMeH. <l>YHKUHH mo6BH H 6paKa (TO llHAO, TO 11MO, TO Kynana) MOlKeT coeAHHHTbCH C 60raMH pasasrx HMeHOBaRHII, H aercorna, 04eBHAHO, OHa Morna 6bITb aaxpennena H aa Moxoursro Cp.: "KaK nepCOHH<pHKauHH nonosoro

axra Moxoun, nonxna 6hma 6hITb oc06eHHO nonynapna y CBOAHIIU, H KTO 3HaeT,

He OAIIY nH 113 HHX HMen B BHAY ficnOBeAHHK, cnpaunraas AYXOBHYIO AO%' He XOAHna nH Thl K Moxyure? To, 'ITO Moxoun, HMena OTHOllleHHe K nonosoa ~H3HH asrrexaer H3 ee cocencrna C ManaKHell HnH PYK06nYAlleM" (I1JlbUIICKUU FiA, 113' HCTOPHH ApeBHecnaBHHCKHX scpoaanaa .. _ Yi3B. 06-Ba apxeonorua, HCTOpHH, 3THOrpa<pHH npH Ka3aHCKOM YH-TC, T. 34, asrn. 3--4, C. 8. - B. 5Im4 0lllH604HO C4HTaJI (Afs1Ph, 1881, Bd. 5, /S. 7), 4TO MOKOWb npertcraanaer c06011 aMWIH<pHKaUHIO HnH nepeBOA rpex. llaAaKla. TeM He MeHee xapaxrepao. 'ITO 3Ha4CHHH 'H3HelKeHIIOCTb' 'paccnafincaxocn,', 'MHrKOCTb' (llaAaKla) COCCAHT B TeKCTe C HMeHeM MOKOlllH '

2. C KOTOPOt:! CBH3aH rnarorr TeUJUTb (:TUXUU). '

Cp.: Pochu~st. Pochuis;:el (Kromer. De origine ... 1558,45; 0 sprawach ... 1611, 42), POChWISt, Poshwisciel (Bielski, Kronika polska, 1597, 52); Stryjkowski, Kronika, 1582, 147), !IOX6UCT (Op6HHH. KHHl'a HCTopHorpa<pHH, 1722, 45).

184

19 Csr.: I1BQHoBaA.a>. Cnonaps rosopoa TIOAMOCKOBbH. M., 1969, c.267; CPHf 18, 1982, c.207.

30 Cp.: Ctpoeoea B.n. 0 CJ10Be M01<OW (.M01<YW) B .ll.peBHepYCCKOM H3LlKe " HOBroPOACKHX rosopax. - B KH.: Ilporpasrraa H Te3HCbl AOKnMOB K 7-11 HaY4Ho-MeTo/.\l1- xecxort KOH<pepeHUHH ceaepo-sarranaoro 30HaJIbHOrO 06"eAHHeHHH xarpenp PYCCKoro aasnca nenarorsorecxax HHCTHTyrOB. 11., 1965, c.I03; JlKYWKUII JI.11. MaTepHaJIbI AnH cnosapa aaponaoro aasnca B 5IpocnaBcKolI ry6epHHH. 5Ipocnasnb, 1896, s.v. CPHf He BKnlO4aeT YKa3aHHbiX cnoa (?). - 3acnYlKHBaeT BHHMaRHH TO,4TO BHTCK. UJUUJUMopa 0603Ha4aeT patioraurero xenoaexa.

31 Csr.: Mal J. Slovenske rnitolofke starine. - GMDS XXI, 1940, HO H: Bezlaj F. Nekaj besedi 0 slovenski mitologiji v zadnjih desetih letih. - Slovenski etnograf. Letn. lII-IV. Ljubljana, 1951; HAp.

185

npasceii, CbIpbIM MeCTOM ("rrOAbI36Hl(aMH"), TeMHOTOH, rrpHHa)JJIe)l(HOCTb

K )I(eHCKOMY (06bI'llIO - 3J10MY) naxany, HeKOTOpbJe BHeIllHHe seprsr 06beL\HHJIIOT KHKHMOpy C MOKYilleH. To )I(e MO)l(HO CKa3aTb, BHAHMO, 0 HeKOTOpsix noaepsax, OTHOCJIIl.IHXCJI K KHKHMope, H 06 OTAeJlbHbIX pe'leHHJIX (cp., uanp.: cnu, oeeytutca: «uxuuopa sa retin cnpsoerv':? - OHH BrrOJIHe MOfJIH CBJI3bIBaTbCJI H C 06pa3aMH MOKYIllH H ee npeznuecrnenaausr MOKOillH. Harepecuo, 'ITO, KaK H 6b1BUIaH )f(eHa Fposroaepxna, HaKa3aHHaJi 0 r HeM

H casra COOTHeceHHaH C C bI P 0 C· T b 10 (BOAOH), KHKHMopa 06HTaeT B CbIPOM MeCTe H 60HTCH orna, B aarosope na BbI)I(HBaHHe KHKHMOPbI eH rp03HT: Ax, tu 20U ecu, KUKUMopa OOM08aJl, 8blXOOU U3 20plOHuHa 00-

ua ctcopee, a He TO saoepyr reo» K a II e H bl M U npyrsnuu, co JIC 2 Y r 02- H e M-n 0 II bl M e sc (MaHKOB, N° 369).

EIl.Ie OAHHM HCTO'lHHKOM cBeAeHHH 0 MOKOIllH HY)I(HO C'IHTaTb TorrOHHMH'IeCKHe AaHHbIe. OCHoBHoe HX aaaseaae COCTOHT, npasna, He B pacxpsrraa KaKHX-TO ~~eTaJIeH ofipaaa MOKOIllH HJIH CBH3aHHbIX C nero MOTHBOB, a B 6eccrropHOM YAoCTOBepeHHH rrpaCJlaBJIHCKOrO (H 06Il.1eCJlaBJIHCKoro) craryca MOKOIllH KaK MH<pOJlOrH'IeCKOrO )I(eHCKOro nepconaxca - "Mokoss. 3TOT BbIBOA rr03BOJIHeT CYIl.IeCTBeHHO pacutapnrs rrpOCTpaHCTBeHHO-B pesremrsre paMKH, B rrpenerrax KOTOPbIX MO)l(HO O)l(HAaTb HOBbIX CBeAeHHH 0 MOKOillH. Pa3YMeeTCH, He nee TorrOHHMH'IeCKHe AaHHbIe AOCTaTO'lHO aanexotsr. Y)I(e f.A.I1J1bHHCKHH (YKa3. CO'l., c.6) YKa3aJl ranoasie CJlY'IaH OIllH60K B ycraHOBJlemlH CBH3H TorrOHHMOB C HMeHeM MOKOillH. ITo ero MHeHHIO, MaKYUlu, MaKYUleHKu, MaKYUleBo, MaKYUluHu, MOKYUlU, MOKUlUHO, Moxuiuua (ITCKOBCK. ry6.) , MaKYUluHo (KOCTpOMCK.), MaKYUluHo (.HPOCJI. ry6.) , Matctauua (Tsepcx. ry6.) , MOKUlUHO (MOCK. ry6.) , Matcytuuxa, MaKYUlU-

HO (HH)I(erOpOACK. ry6.) , MaKYUle8CKafl (Apxanr. ry6.) , Mo tctueii K080, MaKUlUHO, Matctuen (Hoaroponcxne lIHCl(OBbIe KHHrH), nonpexa MHeHHIO A.Jl. IToroAHHa OKCT XX, c. 426), "He HMelOT HH'IerO ofiuiero C HMeHeM 60rHHH, HO 06pa30BaHbI OT mok-, mak- 'MO'lHTb', JlH60 OT MaKYUlKa, JlH- 60 OT MaK, JlH60 OT MOKeu" (cp. xeperroa. Matctuauuxa : Matccusc), B ueJlOM C rroA06HblM KPHTHl(H3MOM cnenyer corrtacarscx, XOTH K!l)l(AbIH H3 npasenemn,rx TorrOHHMOB HY)I(JJ:aeTCH B OC060M 06bHcHeHHH (B '1aCTHOCTH, MaKYUlu B n 0 JI H e MO)l(eT 6blTb CBH3aH C MUKYUla, MOKYUI). Baxnee naJlH'IHe MeCTHbIX Ha3BaHHH, xoropsre erma JIH MoryT 6bITb OTAeJleHbI OT HMe- 1m MOKOIllH (pexs HAeT He TOJIbKO 0 "TemlJOpHbIX" rorronnsrax, HO H 06 HCrrOJlb30BaHHH ofiutero JIeKCH'IeCKOrO anesrenra H 06Il.1eH cnoaooopasoaaTeJIbHOH xapaxrepacraxa KaK B HMeHH MOKOIllH, TaK H B rortouajae] , cp.:

MOKoUle8o, noxorx (uepenoa.) , rrO'lHHOK MOKYUluxa (Hosroponcxae nacuoBble KHHfH, I. 6, non 1545 r.), JIBJIJIIOIl.IHHCJI B 3arrHCH 1551 r. KaK MOKOtuuua, Ha3BaHHe AepeBHH33, HAp. anrrors AO B03MO)l(HblX CJIY'laeB yrrpoIl.IeHHJI, conposoaciaauraxca neper-renoii (HIIH CABHrOM) ceMaHTH'IeCKOH MOTHBHPOBKH, cp. 6J1p. MOKUla8a oanora, ypo-raute « *MOKOUle80?), MoKiUl-(rrpH Motcpeu, Motcpuua] H T.rr.34 B if3BeCTHOH CTeneHH MO)l(HO nOAxpenars TpaKTOBKY nOA06HblX HMeH HaJlH'IHeM c06CTBeHHbIX rana MOKO-

tua H MaKOUIa XlIonYH (HMH npanannezcano nyuncapto H OTMe'leHO B ITCKOB CKOH rrHCl(OBOH KHHre nOA 1585 r.) 3 s. Y)I(e caxr <paK1 pacnpocrpanenaa "MOKOIlle06pa3HblX" HMeH rrpeHMYIl.leCTBeHHO (rosnee - B orpOMHOM 60JlbIllHHCTBe CJlY'IaeB) na Cenepe POCCHH, a B npenenax ncero Cesepa - na Ceaepo-Banane, r.e. TaM, rne xyrtsr MOKOIllH Aep)l(aJICJI HaH60Jlee rrOJlHO, CTOHKO H nonro, a CJIeAbI ero npaKTH'IeCKH COXpaHJIIOTCJI H B XX B., na-

er BeCKHe OCHOBaHHH AYMaTb, 'ITO B OCHOBe MHorHX COBpeMeHHblX TOm)HHMOB rana MaKYUI-, MOKUI- H non. nexcan TOT )I(e JJleMeHT, 'ITO H B HMeHH MOKOillH. Taxoe rrOHHMaHHe npencraanaercs 60Jlee npaaziononotiasi« H

Tpe3BbIM, '1eM HHrHJlHCTH'IeCKHH HJIH naxce CKellTH'IeCKHH BJrJIJIA aa

BOJMO)l(HOCTb CBHJH JTHX HaJBaHHH C HMeHeM MOKOillH. 06Il.1eCJlaBJIHCKOe pacnpocrpanenae nexcesrsr mokos- B TorrOHHMHH, C OAHOH CTOPOHbl, H fieccnopnsre CJlY'IaH OTpa)l(eHHH B PYCCKOH TorrOHHMHKe Apymx reorpopHbIX HMeH (BOIIOC, [JepYH H r.n.) , C npyroii CTOPOHbI, nenaior HeBepOJITHOH CHTyal(HIO, rrpH KOTOPOH CJIeAbl JleKCeMbI mokos- OTCYTCTBOBaJIH 6bl HMeHHO TaM, rne HaH60Jlee rrOJIHO cOXpaHHJlHCb CJleAbI KYJlbTa MOKOillH.

He OCTaHaBJlHBaHCb JAeCb na OTp<1)1(eHHHX HMeHH MOKOIllH B TorrOHOMaCTH'IeCI<OH crpepe y IO)I(HbIX CJIaBJIH (cp. asrure 0 CJIOBeH. Mokoika

HJlH C.-XOpB. MOKOUl, JIH'IHOe HMJI, HJIH, HaKOHel(, TorrOHHM Mokoiica

Rjecn. JAZU VI, 906 H r.n}, - rer-ra, 0 KOTOPOH ysce nacanocs oc060,YMecTHo OTMeTHTb nocrarosayio rycrory cooTBeTcTBYIOIl.IHX rrpHM~poB Y ncex aanannsrx CJlaBHH. Cp. '1eIll. Mokos{n (npocropes. v Mokosine, do Mokoiina, Mokosak), HaJBaHHe AepeBHH, orpaxcenaoe B TeKCTax C XI B. (!):

Vratislaus rex monio Opatovic. donat villam M 0 cos sin, villam inter M 0 cos sin et Priluche (1073); zboz.{ kl. Opatovskeho jmenern Pfi~luc{ mcko a vsi .•. Jankovice, Mokosny (!) (1454); v Mokosine

v ( k v f 36 37 ( .". k vI'

(1493); yes M a k us 1 n, od M a us 1 n a H r.n. cp. mo ostn

Vrch); nonscx. Mokoszyn (cp, Mqkoszyn), Mokosznica, Mokos, (cp, Mtjkosy), Mokossko H Ap.38; C.-JlY)l(. Mococize « *Moko~itji), ~ ~91; Mockschiez, 1484 (cp. Mobschatzv'"; rrOJ1a6. MuuksjMukus H non. . Ho B

32 Cp.: MaKCUMo8 C.B. He'!IiCTaJ! CIiJIa. HeBeP;OMaJ! CIiJIa. - Co6p. CO,!., T. 18. Cn6., C. 66.

33 Cp.: Ctpoeoea B.Il. YKa3. CO'! .. C. 103.

34 eM.: Mixparanaaisria Benapyci. Marapsransr. MiHCK, 1974, c. 158; )j(Y~Ke8u~ B.A.

Kpar xaa TOIloHIiMIi'!eCKlili CJIOBapb Bcnopyccaa. MIiHCK, 1974, c.239 Ii np. 186

3' A.H. C060JICBCKHA, BIiJJ;liMO, cIIpaseP;JIIiBO YCMaTpliBaJI 3p;ecb OTrOJIOCOK IiMeHIi MOKOIIIIi (Slavia, 7, 1928, 176), IiHa'!e - r.A. HJIbliHCKHA (YKa3. CO'!., C. 7).

36 Ilpespauiesae rnna Mokolin +Makuiin, p;oKYMeHTaJIbHO IIOp;TBeplKJJ;aeMOe B '!eIIICKoA TOIlOHIiMIiIi, XOPOIIIO 06bllCHlIJIO 6bl MHOrO'llic~7HHble pyccxae TOIlOHIiMbI rana Matcytuuno, Maxotuuno . - 0 CB1I31i seur, Mokosin C lir.eleM Moko{b·MoKomb snepasre CM.: Janko J. 0 praveku slovanskern. Praha, 1912, s. 223 (MOKOlIIH KaK IIuKP0'lIiTeJ1bHIiUe npanenaa nOCBlIllIaJIli5b BbICOKO pacnonoxeansre nacrtiauia JJ;JI1i oaen: npenrraraerca TpaKTOBaTb MokoSzn KaK ogo3Ha'!eHlie. Bepxa. [vrc.h, kopec], nOCBlIIIleHHoro MOKOlIIH). Cp., onaaxo : "!t!okosin. MJ vzniklo aSI ze jm. osoby,

I I, )1" J" h ik 0 d I I

nikoli ze jm. bohln~", CM.: Mistni )mena v l;echach. ejic vzn~, pUVO ru vyz-

nam a zrneny. Dil V. Dodatky k dilu Antoruna Profouse napsali Jan Svoboda, Vladim{r §milauer a dal~{ Praha; 1960, s. 242.

:: Profous A. M[stn( jmena v Cechach, dll III. Praha: 1951,. s. 125. . ., . , .

Cp.: Slownik Geograficzny , i885, 6, S. 621; Kozlerowskl S. Nazwy gnicznieriskie , S. 166; Pawi,[ski. Ksiegi i!;czyckie Ii np,

39 CM.: Witkowski T. Mythologisch motivierte altpolabische Ortsnamen. - ZfSI, 1970, 15 S.364 Ii CJIep;.; Rospond S. Stratygrafia slowianskich nazw miejscowych, T. 1. Wr~daw-Warszawa, 1974, s. 29; Eichler E. Slawistische Palaolinguistik und Frilhgeschichte. - In: Symposium International et pluridisciplinaire sur le paganisrne slave. 21-23 Mai 1980. Bruxelles). - cIlOPMbI rana Mockschiez IiJIIi nOJIbCK. Mokszany (nyr) , eCJIIi TOJIbKO He 1i3 "Mokrzany (HeM. Mocksche, OK. llpe3/.l,eHa; acker in

187

CBH3H C 3MalIei1 HaCTOHllleH CTaTbH HaH60JIee Ba)f(HbIM OKa3bIBaeTCH He KOJIHlIeCTBO OTpa)f(eHHH JIeKCeMbI Mokos-, a YAHBHTeJIbHbIH CJIYlIaH "ronoHHMHlIecKoi1" MHcpOJIOrHH, OTMelIeHHbIH T. BHTKOBCKHM, a HMeHHO CO C e LIC T BOB oxpyre Stralsund AByX TorrorpacpHlIeCKHX 06beKTOB,OTpa)f(alOlllHX B KOHelIHOM csere HMeHa ITepYHa H MOKOlllH, r.e. Fposioaepacna Hero

)f(eHbI B peKOHCTpYKUHH, +Prohn «*Pernno) H Muuks/Mukus « *MokoSb).

Paasrrpsmanae MHcpOJIOrHlIeCKHx CIO)f(eTOB rrpHMeHHTeJIbHO K CTpYKType AaHHoro KOHKpeTHoro JIaHAlllacpTa, OTAeJIbHbIe otn.exrsr xoroporn HOCHT reorpopasre HMeHa, rrpHHaAJIe)f(HT K lIHCJIY rex nepenxax BOrrJIOllleHHH MHcporro3THlIecKHx 06pa30B, 0 KOTOPbIX yzce nncanocs, B sacraocra, aBTOpar-ra 3THX CTpOK.

BocCTaHaBJIHBaeMaH CIO)f(eTHaH rrapa "Peruns & *Moko(b HMeeT uensni PHA rrpOAOJI)f(eHHH B BHAe TpaHccpopMHpoBaHHbIX 06pa30B, Ka)f()l;bIH. H3 KOTOPbIX AOBOJIbHO HMe)f(HO CBH3bIBaeTCH C coornercrnyronnoa 3JIeMeHTOM peKoHcTPYHpoBaHHoH 60)f(eCTBeHHoH napsr. ITOCKOJIbKY 06 3THX rpancoop. MaUHHX Y)f(e rOBOpHJIOCb rroAp06HO B KHHre "I1CCJIeAOBaHHH B 06JIaCTH CJIaBHHCKHX ApeBHocTeH", 3AeCb MO)f(HO OrpaHHqlfTbCH KpaTKHM HarrOMHHaHHeM 0 TaKHX TpaHc<P0pMHpoBaHHbIx rrapax. B npaaunne pess HAeT 0 raKHX napax, xoropue peanH3YIOT KaK MHHHMYM ABe napsr rrpOTHBOrrOCTaBJIeHHbIX APyr APyry CMbICJIOB: My)f( C K 0 H~)f( e H C K H H H 0 r 0 H b-B 0 A a. Xapaxrepasrn rrpHMep ~ rpOMOBUT Hnuja H 0211JeHa Mapuja H3 cep6CKOH HapO)l;HOH necna MH<pOJIOmlIeCKoro xapaxreps, cp. MeHee AocTOBepHYIO PYCCKYIO rrapy ornexaoro I1JIbH H MOKPOH MapHH (MaKpHHbI) (npa 3TOM conepxarensao Ba)f(Ha JIHHHH 6eccrropHOH rrpeeMcTBeHHOCTH: ITepYH -+ I1rrbH

H, rro MeHbllleH Mepe, cpopMaJIbHO ~ CXOACTBO aHJIaYTa 060HX HMeH: Mo-

KOUlb - Mapun ; cp. CXOAHYIO Hrpy ~ B oeu» M 0 K U 51 M 0 K P 0, u ece

nero M 0 K poe). Ho 06bIlIHO lIeTKOCTb rrpOTHBOrrOCTaBJIeHHH B nonooaux rrapax yrpaseaa HJIH )f(e 3TH rrpOTHBorrOCTaBJIeHHH rrpOHBJIHIOTCH fionee CJIO)f(HbIM 06pa30M. B pane CJIaBHHCKHX (KaK H HeKOTopbIX npyrnx) TpaAHUHH I1rrblO H MapHIO nOlIHTalOT B CMe)f(Hble rrpa3AHHlIHbIe (BOCKpeCHble) AHH BO BTOPOH rrOJIOBHHe HIOJIH: caasana ~ I1nblO, rrOTOM ~ MapHIO (no MY COOTBeTcTByeT pacnpenenenne AHeH HeAeJIH Me)f(Ay rpOMOBep)f(ueM H )f(eHCKHM nepconaxexr, COOTHeceHHbIM C HHM, lIallle acero ero )f(eHOH: II e T B e p r ~

nens rpOMOBep)f(ua, B lIaCTHOCTH, CJIaBHHCKoro ITepYHa, 6aJITHHCKOrO ITepKYHaca-ITepKoHca, rr H T H H U a ~ AeHb )f(eHbI Fporaosepxna, cp. ITHTHHUY, Benepy H r.n.). ITpofHBorrOCTaBJIeHHe My)f( C K 0 H~)f( e H C K H H, eCTeCTBeHHO, CoxpaHHeTCH B TOH xce <popMe, sro B HAeaJIbHOM cnysae, HO 06a snena CBH3aHbI C BOA 0 H (MOKpOTOH), a HHorAa H C o. r HeM (CYXOCTblO).

Cp.: Hllb51 cYXOU H HllbJl MOKPblU (HM CTaBHJIHCb OTAeJIbHbre xpasrsr:

cp. raxxce CYX020 HUKOIlY H MOKP020 HUKOIlY; OAHa H3 <PYHKUHH HHKOJIbI ~ cnacenae rH6HYIUHX B Mope, cp. MOTHB MOpH H Kopa6neH B CBH3H

C ITocBHcTalIeM); Mapun, Mapuua, MaKpUHa, MaKpura, Map2apura, Mopena-Mapeua KaK M 0 K P bI e, HO H C.-XOpB. Oeieena Mapuja, 6onr. 02H5IHa

Mapu5I4 1 KaK 0 r H e H H bI e (cp. 06~HAbI, CBH3aHHbIe C COiKiKeHHeM HJIH rrOTOIIJIeHHeM paryansnux rrepconaxea rana Mopensr}. TeM He MeHee CYllleCTBYIOT nexoropsre npanana H sanpersr, perYJIHpYIO~lllHe pacrr~eAeJIeHHe

B TaK UCKJIlOlIaeTCH cHTyaUHH npa KOTOPOH MYiKCKOH rrepco-

rrpH3HaKO. , n , ~

HaiK 6bIJI 6bI COOTHeceH C BOAOH, B TO BpeMH KaK iKeHCKHH ~ C orH:M H

6 He CJIYlIai1Ho liTO fionsuraa xacts iKeHCKHX HMeH rro CBoeH

Hao OpOT., * k * k' ~,

cpopMe 06HapYiKHBaeT nparaxenne K KOPHIO mo -, mo r- MOKPbIH,

, -, ( CBcrTYIO MaKpHHY CBH3bIBaeMYIO rro YKpaHHCKHM HapOAHbIM

CbIPOH cp. n. ,

rtpar-rerasr C AJIHTenbHbIM A 0 iK A eM, T.e. C pHTyanbHbIM acnexrosr OCHOBaoro MHcpa Hero COCTaBHbIM MOTHBOM ~ BbI3bIBaHHeM AO)f()l;H; PYCCKoe

6Horo 06pHTTa M 0 K P H A a eure Herr()cpeACTBeHHee COOTHe-

Ha3BaHHe nono 1-'0

~ MOKporo) Oc06eHHo apxa 3Ta CBH3b Y HMeHH MOKOlliH.

ceHO C TeMOH .

IT HUKaKUX oCHoBaHHH COMHeBaTbCH B 3THMonorHH aroro HMe-

03TOMY HeT n n ~ . * .

OCTU B ero ceMaHTHlIeCKOH MOTHBHpoBKe. Mokoh. - moknoti,

HH, B lIaCTH n,

"mociti, "mokrs H I.rr.42 B 3TOM KOHTeKCTe MHoroe rrpOHCHHeT npenne-

HUe B 0 TT 0 JI e H 3HaKa 30AHaKa Me)f()l;y K03eporOM H PhI-

PYCCKoe Ha3Ba n 1-'0 , - 43 .

6aMH, H3BeCTHoe B HeCKOJIbKHX sapaanrax ~ MOKPOUlb, MOKP;Ulb . (r.e. "Mok-r-os» : "mok-r-s, *Mok-r-db) C TeM »ce 3neMeHTOM -(o)s- H 1I0A-

6aJIKaHCKHMH TorrOHHMHlIeCKHMH H mApOHHMHlIeCKHMH

nepxomae Moe I I 44 K

'"aKpe''' Matcpeuiane MiKPVUL, Mal<pvUla H non,

AaHHbIMH THrra 1'1< ... , ,

41 • ACTBeHHble ornouienaa B 60JlrapcKoit XOPOBOIJ;HOIt necne co CB.

Xapaxrcpnsr ee po H.

11 It I'eopraexr: Ilpotuetnacn 02 H JI HaM a P U JI, I '.. a cpetura 10

nse II CB'H JI I A no He20 tipat CBeTbl r if p 2 U e ... (Kaxaaoacxaa 1882,

tipar CBenl II U ,

NQ 45 C 117 ~118).

42 ,. rrsora 6bITb oraeprnyra 3T11MOJlOmli IIMeHIl MOKOWb, 06'blIC-

Kareropaxecxa AO K K I'ansxos

HlIlOIII3lI 3T0 CJlOBO 113 <VlIHCKIIX 1I3bIKOB (Crpoea, OCTOMapoB, o pur, -

) cp rerreps MOAll<VlIllKPOBaHHbllt aapaaar (MOKWUH H.aJ.

CKllfi, AHllliKOB II np.r , . B . 0 TIo-

O u ouis mApOHIlMe II 3THOHilMe MOKwa. ~ KII.. HO MaCTil xa

TeOHIlMe mOK ~ , 6 _

4 C 1976 C 325~333) OlIlIpaIOIIIIIItCli na 3JleMeHTapHo earpa

BOJllKbJI, . apancx, ,. , HP K a-

m lIpeA!Io)f(eHHylO B crarse: Fyceea .. sorrpocy 0 3H

MOTHYIO 3TIIMOJlO 10, .' B 11 be

T bIX nepcoaascea CJlaBlIHCKOro 1I3bI'IeCTsa. ~ KH.: II'IH I

lieHll1l IIMeH HeKO op 334 T

HaCTOlIIIIeM 6YAYIIIeM. M. 1970, C. . 0 lKe cnenyer

IIMeHa B rrpOIllJlOM, , , .... k ~ . Pbz6a-

3TlIMOJlOrll'leCKOrO 06'blICHeH1l1i IIMeRIl mo OSb B KH ..

CKa3aTb 0 1I01IbITKe M 1981 C 383-384 (MaKowb KaK "Mars

KOB E.A. 513bl'leCTBo npennax CJlaBlIH.., ,. .

6 ") II B crarse: 3y6oB H.H. 0 reonasre Moxours, ~ B KII ..

CliaCTJlHBOro »cpe lIli C· 1981 c.149-160 (ocotieano 154~157).

3TIIMOJlOm'leCKlle IICCJleAOBaHllli. BepAJlOBCK, ,

43 C . A . enscxut: A.C. K IICTOpll1l IOlKHOCJlaBlIHCKOIt II npeanepyccxoa arrOKplI~

p.. pxaue CTI6 1899 C 33~35. CpeAII co06IIIaeMbix .il.aneM MHOIO'

ohll'leCKott JlllTepaTypbI. ., ,. _ eHa

'¥ .. npaster B KOTOPblX coenaaaercx npanar. MOKPblU C 11M -

lillCJleHHblX pexcnaa II h , J

u [II 6e3YCJlOBHO MOKOWU B npororarte 3TIIX TeKCTOB ,

Mil MaKpUHbZ, mOKUJI" "naoouowacraxe

PO 51K06cCH rro cnpaaennaaocra ycsrarpaaan napoaor-iacr -

ecrs raxxe, me . . _ YIO CB1I3b MelKAY IIMeHeM caaroro II ceaouuusra CeJlbCKO-

CKYIO II MlI<vorr03T11lieCK b

6 3aHHOCTliMli II lIpeAcKa3aHHlIMH, ITO KaneHlJ;aplO COlIpiDKeHH 1- X03l1ltCTBeHIIblMli 0 ~ (CM' takobson R Wauuh L.R. The sou. nd shape of language.

II C AHeM CBlIToro .. J' ., o: .

M. L d 1979 p 229' Tedlock B. Sound texture and metaphore In

Bloomington ~ on on, ,. , 1982 I 23 N 3 272

Quiche Maya ritual language. ~ Current anthropology, ' vol , , • p. <

HTr·onbHoaMepHKaHCKIIX TlllIorrorlllieCKHX napannenax,

TaM lKe cp. 0 zipenneue ~,

rroATBeplKAaIOIIIIIx apXaH'lHOCTb 3Toro lIBJ1eHHlI). . ..

44 'I D' H d nymie des Vardarsysterns als Geschlchtsquelle. Koln~

C~.: DundonOl~ 32 ':95 y 2~~ 361' OH »ce. TIpHHuHrrbI YCTaHOBJ1eHllli CJlaBlIHCKIIX

Wien , 1975, S. , , , '. 1I0JlYOcTpose. __ B KR.: Ilepcnexraasr

II" c HX apeanos aa baJJKaHCKOM B H

TonOHHM se K M 1980 c 41 ~42; cp. raiose: Tonopoe . .

pa3BIITHli CJlaBlIHCKOJ:i OHOMaCTHKII. II ('i 3) ~ B' KII.: 3THMOnOl'll1I 1980. M.,

113 HH.AOeBpolIcItCKOtl' 3TI1MOJlornll. -.

1982, c.145 HAp. 169

der Mockisch, 1544, 06'bliCHliIOT 113 "mokr- cp. Fleischer W. Namen und Mundart im Raum von Dresden, II. Berlin, 1963, S. 158), 06blICHlIIOT II MHOrO'lllCJleHHble pYCCKHe TorrOHliMbI C 3neMeHTaMH MOI<W-, xoropsre, cnenoaarensno He acerna AOJllKHbI CB1I3bIBaTbCli C 3TRlIlieCKHM lIMeHeM MOPABb!.

40 CM.: Trautmann R. Die Elb- und Ostseelavischen Ortsnamen, I. Berlin, 1948, S. 108; Witkowski T. Op. cit., S. 369; Eichler E. Op. cit.; II np.

ISS

cpaBHeHHIO co ~JIaB. 'OS- HJIH nazce -os- (cp, MOKOCbfl H lTOA.) YMeCTHO lTpHBJIe'lh ueJIhI~ PRJ!, 6aJIHfHCKHX CJIOB TOrO xce KOpHR H Cx'OAHOii: CJIOBO- 06pa30BaTeJIbHOH CTPYI<TYPbI. IIOCKOJIhKY 3Ta CTaTbR He CTaBHT uensro HCCJIeAOBaHHe 3THMOJIOrH'IeCKOrO acrre rcra np06JIeMbI, nocrarosno 0603Ha:ruTh nann, aexoropsre I<JIIO'IeBbIe lT03HUHH - cp. JIHT. makiisyti 'CJIRKOTHTb' X~AHTb lTO rpR3H (no ,,;vtOKPOMY) '; makasyne 'CJIRI<OTb', 'rpaas', 'MeillaHH_' H~, Hepa36epHxa; makasyti 'XOAHTb no rpR3H', HO H '6HTb', 'YAapRTb'

i p. LKZ v VII, 1966, 773-774) H r.n., npeAnOJIaralOlI.{He rnaronsaoe

mak-as-(as) npn cnas. "mok-os-toss 45. Bnpouera, H pyc. MOKOUla BnOJIHe Morno 6bI paccsrarpnaarsca KaK OTrJIarOJIhHOe 06pa30BaHHe (*mok-os-iti ~OTopoe, ~ '1aCTHOM cnysae, MO)KHO 6blJI0 6bI nOHHMaTb KaK 'cyeTHTbC~', XJIOn~TaTh, '1e~y orsesana ~h! ~ pyc, A~an. (RpOCJI.) MOKOUla 'xnonor-

JIHBblH '1eJIOBeK, H nHT. makasytl : makasyne KaI< 0603Ha'leHHe '1erO-To CMeuraauoro, ClTYTaHHoro, 6eCTOJIKOBoro). B :nOM cJIY'Iae H M6KUlUTb (CM asmre) MO)f(HO 6blJI0 6bI HHTepnpeTHpOBaTb KaK AereHepHpoBaHHYIO <PO~MY OT peI<OHcTpYHpyeMoro "mok-oi-iti (: "Mok-osc):

Ha 3TOM arane BHYTpeHHeii: peKoHcTpYKUHH oopaaa MOKOillH H ee MeCTa B cxesre OCHOBHoro MH¢a lTO CYTH AeJIa npORCI-!ReTCR yzce raxoe KOJIH'IeCTBO neranea, 'ITO npanaanexnocn, MOI<OllIH K pacnpOCTpaHeHHOMY H XOPOllIO H3BeCTHOMY rany )f(eHCKHX nepcouaxceji, RBJIRlOlI.{HXCR pe3YJIbTaTOM nOATBep)f(AaeMoro OC06bIM ClO)f(eTOM "YXYAllIeHHH" He AOJI)KHa BbI3bIBaTb

HH COMHeHHH, HH YAHBneHHR. IIOJTOMY HMe,HHO reneps MO)f(}fO 60JIee CMeJIO H C C03HaHHeM AOCTaTO'IHOH HaAe)f(HOCTH 06palI.{aTbCR I< BHellIHHM no OTHOureamo I< caMOH MOI<OllIH AaHHbIM, 060ralI.{aR HMH ee 06pa3.

o A H a H3 TaI<HX 060ralI.{eHHH MO)f(eT 6bITb nOJIY'IeHO npn conOCTaBJIeHHH napsr "Peruns & *Moknsb (cp. Prohn & Muuks) C npyrofr paaee pe~OHCTPy~p*OBaHHOH naYOH, _B .KOTOpylO TaI<)Ke BXOAHT IIepYH, a HMeHHO:

Pecuno. Peryne « Per-iin-i-; cp. ynoMHHaeMoe B Tpersea HOBrOPOA-

CKOH JIeTOnaCH MeCTO IlepblHb, rne CTOHn anon IIepYHa, a IaI<)Ke ua IlePblHD, na Ilepynuv , I1MR Peryns (cp. IIPi;fbIHI1, PYCCK. "nepeeunuv noHHMaeMoe I<aI< HMR )KeHbI fpOMOBep)Kua (rosnee - I<aI< )KeHCKHH Ba~H-

aHT roro )f(e caraoro HMeHH), HaxoAHT caxrsre TO'lHbIe COOTBeTCTBHn B APYrHX apXaa'lHbIX R3bII<OBbIX H MH¢OJIOrH'IeCKHX HHAoeBpOneHCI<HX T a HUHRX, ~p., nanp., nHT. Perkiinija KaI< nepCOHH<pHUHpOBaHHaR rposa; A~ _ HCJI: Fj{!rg~n, HMR r-rare pa Topa, Ap.-HHA. Parjanya-, aMR fiora (np~ . p.arjanya- AO)f()J,eBaR TY'Ia'), raJIJIbCK. 'APKUVIa lfp77, ranJIO-JIaT. Hercynia Sl~, repM.-naT. Fergunna= Ap.-B.-HeM. Virgunnia H r.n IIOCKOJIbI<Y Ilepuuu,

II fblHI1 no rany 06pa30BaHHR COBnaJI,alOT C TaKHMH 0603Ha'leHHHMH '

ropsr, I<aI< rOT. jai'rguni (cp. xeT. peruna- 'cxarra', Ap.-HHA. parvata- 'ro a'

H r.n.) H caxra Ilepsms npeACTaBJIRJIa C060H B 0 3 B hI III e H Hoe Mec p HanpaillHBaeTCH conOCTaBJIeHHe Ilepunu ropsr nOHHMaeMOH- B pe TO,

HH I' " KOHCTpYK-

U I<aK )f(eHa POMO~~p)Kua IIepYHa, C TaI<HMH caKpanH30BaHHbIMa 06beK-

TaMH, I<aI< xeur. Mokosin Vrch, xoropoe TaI<)Ke CJIeAyeT TOJII<OBaTb KaK

B 0 3 B bI III e H HOC T b MOKOllIH H caraoe M 0 K 0 III b. l1Ha'le rOBO H COlTOCTl!lBJIeHHOCTh, COOTHeceHHOCTb r 0 p hI IIepYHa (H, CJIeAOBaTeJIt.IO' ca~oro IIepYHa) H r 0 p hI nepYHOBOH )f(eHbI - IIepbIHH HJIH MOKOillH ~O)f(HO 450

CTaeTCJl: He nnornre lICHhlM pyc. ,IlHaJI. (HOBr. TBepCK) M6KUJUTb '

nraaars lfI'O-JIH60', 'HaB1I3'IHBO Ao6HBaTbCJl: '1er;-JIH60' ;KaHI04HTh' (C~a;ai8Bhmpa-

c. 214), cp.: MOKUJUH H.IP. YKa3. C04 C 329 CM ' ,

190 .,. . ., O,llHaKo, HHlKe.

paCCMaTpHI~aTb KaK CBHAeTeJIbCTBO TOH CTaJI,HH JBOJIlOUHH CJIaBHHCKoH MH¢OJIOrHH, xorna Moxours HaXOJ!,HJIaCb rra TOM )f( e yponne MH¢OJIOrH'IeCKOH CHCTeMbI, 'ITO H IIepYH, H, BepOHTHO, AOJI)f(Ha 6hlJIa nOHHMaTbCH KaK 'lJIeH ero ceMbH - )f( e H a IIJIH MaTh (cp. mons [petra] genetrix) . .I1.PyroH JTalT, TaK CKa3aTb, nOCJIe pa3BeH'IaHHH MOKOillH orpaxcea napaxra TonOHHMOB THrra JIepYH06a 2 a p a4 6, HO MOKoUJe6o 6 a n 0 TO (HH3HHa, BOAa H T.lT.). Ilpaxrepsr 060HX JTHX THnOB XOPOillO H3BeCTHbI H B 6aJITHHCI<OH TpaAHUHH, cp. Perkiino kalnas, Perkiinkalnis H T .IT. - Laumes kalnas, Laumiakalnis H r.n., HO Perkilno kalnas - Laumes bala, Laumupis, Laumes dauba H T.n.47

.I1. p Y roe 060ralI.{eHHe COnpH)f(eHO C 06palI.{eHHeM K MH¢OJIOrH'IeCKHM

H peJIHrH03HhIM ofipasuaxt, xoropsre H C TOp H 'I e C K H npoAOJI)f(aJIH 06- pas MOKOlliH HJIH HBJIHlOTCH TO'lHbIMH ero THlTOJIOfH'IeCKHMHnapanneJIHMH. Oc060e BHtfMaHHe npaofiperaer 3AeCb HCnOJIb30BaHHe xapaxrepnsrx '1epT

CB. IIHTHHUbI B PYCCKOH, HHOCJIaBHHCKHX H HeI<OTOpbIX HeCJIaBHHCKHX TPaJI,HUHHX. Ho n 06 nOM MO)f(eT 6bITb CKa3aHO JIHllIb B caMOM 06lI.{eM BHAe. 06a MOTHBa, CBH3bIBaeMbIe C Moxoursro, r.e. MOKpOTa-BJIara H npaneuae, coeAHHHlOTCH H npOHBJIHlOTCH C OC060H narnanaocrsro H nOAp06- HOCTblO B ofipase CB. IIHTHHUbI, npauannexcaurea K '1HCJIY car-tsrx nonynapHbIX H JI106HMbIX (npexne ncero )f(eHll1HHaMH) CaKpaJIbHbIX nepconascea

46 Ilpuraepoa raxoro pona MHoro. CM. nHTepaTYPY, npHBep;eHHYIO aBTOpaMH B HX KHHre "HCCnep;OBaHHlI B ofinacra CnaBJl:HCKHX npeaaocrea", C. 8.

47 06pa3 JIaYMe, aecosoreaao, 06HapYlKHBaeT HaH60m,lllee KonH4eCTBO napannenen

C MOKOllIbIO-nJl:THHuefi-oa60l!-Rrofi. Cp. p;nHHHble sonocst, fiortsutyjo rpyzrs, lKeHCKHe 3aHJl:THJl: (rxaate, npaxa, CTHpKa), nanecenae npena (CTpHlI(J(a oneu, xpaxca H noznaeaaaanne nerea) , OTHOllleHHJl: C MYlK'lHHaMH, CBJl:3h C penserpora, MHoro06pa3Hble MOTHBbl CB1I3H C nonon - yronneane lKeH!UIIHhl, ocwenasureaca npacrs B Heyp04HbIll: 'lac, aanapaaae-vaanpysotaanae BOP;bl, MelKAY npO'IHM, KYnensio, H r.n.) H r.n. Oc06eHHO cyutecrsen "3THMOnOrH4ecKHl!" MOTHB nnonoponns iLaume < H.-e. "leudh-Plou dh-, cp. pyc. flIOOU, rrar. Llber, 60lKeCTBO aererauan, oc060 cp. CBJl:3b JIaYMe C p;eTbMH), xoropsra. OKa3hIBaeTCJl: CHnhHO 3aBYaJIHPOBaH KaK B CB1I3H C JIaYMe, TaK H B CB1l3H C MOKOlllbIO H ee npOP;OJIlKeHHJl:MH. ECTh OCHOBaHHJl: H B JIaYMe snners TPaHC<pOPMHPOBaHHhIH 06pa3 lKeHhl I'powoaepxua (cp. 1!HT. laumes papas, laiimes pirstaslspenys KaK 0603Ha4eHHe r p oMOB 0 l! C T pen sr, 0pYlKHJl: Fposrosepxua) .

CM. reneps: Velius N. Mitines lietiviu sakmiu butyb.es. Vilnius, 1977, p. 83--128; Idem. Laumiu dovanos, Lietuviqrnitologines sak mes. Vilnius, 1977. PacCM01peHHIO JIaYMe KaK TPaHC<pOpMauHH lKeHhl Tposroaepscna H3 OCHOBHoro MH<pa nOCBJl:meHO 06CTOJl:TenhHoe accnenoaaaae: CYOHUI< T.M., LJU8bRH T.B. K peKOHCTpYKuHII OAR oro MH¢>onOfHxecxoro TeKCTa B 6aJITO-6aJIKaHCKOl! nepcnexrase. - B KH.: CTpYKTypa TeKCTa. M.,

1980, c. 240-285. Ilpaaeneansre anecs namrsre, no cYTH nena, nOMoraIOT 3aJIOnHHTh naKYHbl B pa3BHTHH enanoro lKeHCKoro MH<ponOrH4eCKOro ofipasa MelKAY CTa,rJ;HJl:MH - lKeHol! I'postonepscua B OCHOBHOM MH<pe H MOKOlllhIO no PYCCKHM (npeHMymeCTBeHHO) p;aHHbIM.

OaJITHlIcKHe nannue npencrasnmcr HCKnI04HTenhHYIO ueHHOCTh npa peKoHCTpYK,IlHH CnaBJiHCKHX MH<ponOrH'IeCKHX CTpYKTYP B carry ocofiotl reaeraxecxoa. apeansnoa

H ranonorasecxoa 6nH30CTH. B 4aCTHOCTH, MeCTO CnaBJl:HCKol! Moxonnr B 60lKeCTBeHHol! cesrse P;OCTaTO'IHO T04HO onpenenaerca B CBeTe B03MolKHocTel!, npenocraanaesnax XOPOlllO 3aCBH,[ICTCJIbCTBOBaJIHOll 6aJITHlIcKOll cxcr-ioa uefiecaoro ceMcllCTBa, eM, o Hell: Biezais H. Die himmlischc Gotterfamilie der alten Letten. Uppsala, 1972.YT04HeHHe MeCTa MOKOunl CTaBHT nepen accnenoaarenev - B pasucax OCHOBHoro

MH<pa - nonpoc 0 ee OTHOllleHHllX C Berrecosr, npoTHBHHKOM Tpor-roaepxcua. 06

3TOM 6yp;eT roBOPHThCJl: B P;PyroM MeCTe oc060. Bo BCJl:KOM crtyuae nonnas peKOHCTPYKUHH 0~pa3a Moxoura H ee MeCTa B OCHOBHOM MHcpe ,o;nll caoero 'Jailepuieaaa rpcfiye r OTBen H ira 3TOT sonpoc.

191

11 HBJIHIOlUeHCH pe3YJIhTaTOM rr03AHeHWerO rrpe06pa30BaHI1H KYJIhTa MOKOWI14 8. Hexoropsre 113 aanperoa, yrrOMI1HaBWI1XCH B CBH311 C MOKOWhlO, rrOBTOpHlOTCH 11 B CBH311 CO CB. llHTHI1UeH (3arrpeT Ha OCTaBJIeHl1e HeAorrpHAeHHOrO ny-nca JIhHa ua uoss): 06pa3 llHTHI1Uhl 06hl'lHO 11306pa)!(aJICH

na KOJIOAUaX, KYAa B nap llHTHI1Ue 6pOCaJII1Ch JIhHHHaH KYAeJIh, BhlIIpHAeHHhJe OBeQhH urepcrs 11 TKaHI1. KYJIhTY MOKOWI1 KaK rrraaaoro )!(eHCKOrO 60)!(e-

CTBa COOTBeTcTByeT 11 OC06aH POJIh llHTHI1Uhl B BOCTO'lHOCJIaBHHCKOH rpaAI1L~1111 11 CB. lleTKI1 Y lO)!(HhiX CJIaBHH, cp. BhlAeJIeHHOCTh ofipaaa llHTHI1Uhl

B PYCCKOH axoaorpadma (rne OTAeJIhHhle ee arpntiyrsr MO)!(HO conocra-

BI1Th C xapaxrepasrsra '1epTaMl1 MOKOWI1), B '111CTHOCTH, ee 060c06- JIeHHOCTh (neparpepaanoe nonozceaae na I1KOHe) B PHAY APYrI1X

CBHThlX ('ITO CKa3hIBaeTCH 11 B AYXOBHhlX CTI1XaX 0 Ilarunue). B raKOM PHAY Ilarnaua HBJIHeTCH He TOJIhKO 3aMeCTI1TeJIhHI1ueH 11 TpaHC-

<popMaUl1eH MOKOWI1, HO 11 napannensto K Borosrarepa, 'ITO HarnHAHO

rrpOHBJIHeTCH B pHAe ceBepopYCCKI1X I1KOH (B TOM '1I1CJIe AJIH )!(eHCKI1X MOHaCThlpeH), rne na JIl1ueBOH cropoue 11306pa)!(aeTCH fiororaareps, na 060POTHOH - CB. Ilapacxesa-Ilaranna (caxro I1MH 60rOMaTepl1 Mapus Morno B nexoropsrx KOHTeKCTax COOTHOCI1ThCH C I1MeHaMI1 Mapena, Mapuua, MaKpuna, xoropsre B CBOlO oxepens COOTHOCI1Mhl C I1MeHeM MOKOWI1). XapaxTepHO, 'ITO Ilanraua, KaK nncanocs pansure, HBJIHeTCH rrepCOHI1<pI1KaUl1eH onaoro 113 He'! e T H hI X AHeH HeAeJII1, a I1MeHHO roro, KOTOPhlH cnenyer

sa xeraeprcer - AHeM I'pcsroaepscna. TeM caMhlM 11 xepea llHTHI1UY KaK rr03AHeHWYlO CBOlO I1rrOCTaCh MOKOWh CBH3h)BaeTCH C fpOMOBep)!(UeM KaK nepcoaaxev OCHOBHoro MI1<pa. Ba)!(HOCTh rr H T H 11 U hI (aapnanr - npyroa He'leTHhIH AeHh cpena) rrpOHBJIHeTCH B TOM, 'ITO C 3THM AHeM CBH3aHhl crreUI1<pI1'1eCKl1e 11 oxens crporae aanpersr, uanpnxrep, na rrOJIOBOe 06weHI1e

C My)!(eM (ecrs 3THorpa<pI1'1eCKl1e AaHHhJe, OTHOCHWl1eCH K BJIaAI1- MI1PCKOH ry6., xoropsre CBI1AeTeJIhCTBYlOT 0 rrOCJIeAOBqTeJIhHOM C06JIlOAe- 111H! raxoro rrpeArrI1CaHI1H), na onpenenennsre BI1Ahl pa60T, aa nexoropsre O(06eHHOCTH rrOBeAeHI1H, na eAY, nocyny, OAe)!():lY 11 r.n, B APYrI1X crpanax rpefiyerca snaxenae OC06hlX rrpaBI1JI npn rrp0l13BOACTBe rex I1JII1 I1HhlX BHAoB AOMawHeH pafio rsr. KaK 6hl TO HI1 6hlJIO, I1MeHHO B rrHTHI1UY CJIenyer oc06eHHO 6AI1TeJIhHO 1136eraTh OWI160K, TaK KaK OHI1 crporo xapa!OTCH CB. llHTHI1UeH. Hssecmu AOBOJIhHO MHOrO'lI1CJIeHHhle 6hlJII1'1KI1, B KOTOPhlX <PI1Kcl1pyeTcH BMeWaTeJIhCTBO CB. llHTHI1Uhl, xorna B rrHTHI1UY CTI1- pator fierrse. Oc06eHHO xpeaar onacnocrsro MOMeHT Kl1rrH'IeHI1H 6eJIhH, na HI13KOM ypoane "pa3b1rphIBalOLUI1H" TO npenae 0 LH H 11 BOA hI, xoropoe conpoaoxcnaer peWalOLUI1H MOMeHT ccopsr I'posronepacua C ero )!(eHOH (onocpenosaauo - 11 C ero rrpOTI1BHI1KOM). B CBH311 C 3TI1M MOTHBOM B sexoropsrx TeKCTax asrcryrtaer npyraa Ba)!(HaH rer-ta, OTpa)!(eHHaH B AOBOJIhHO MHOrO'lI1CJIeHHhIX BepCI1HX OCHOBHoro MI1<pa, - rI16eJII1 B orne AeTeH )j(eHllJ,I1Hhl, He BhlIIOJIHI1BWeH npennacamnt, B pe3YJIbTaTe BpeAOHOCHOH

AeHTeJIhHOCTI1 CB. llHTHI1Uhl49 (cp. 12 rrHTHI1U - 12 JII1XOpaAoK). Ilamrsre npyrnx TpaAI1UI1M, MO)!(eT 6hITh, B nepsyro oxepens PYMhIHCKOH, conepxcar 60raTeHWI1H MaTepl1aJI rro 3TOMY ClO)!(eTY 11 euie nposnee BKJIlO'IaeT IlxrHI1UY 11 '1epe3 nee CXOAHhle C HeM )!(eHCKl1e ofipassr B cxexry OCHOBHoro MI1<pas 0 •

EOJIee nonpofiasre Orrl1CaHI1H PYMhIHCKOH llHTHI1Uhl - S/fnta Vineri-

B TOM, 'ITO xacaerca ee BHeWHOCTI1, AeJIalOT HaAe)!(HhIMI1 11 re OrHOCI1- TeJIhHO cxynnsre Orrl1CaHI1H naeunrero BI1Aa llHTHI1Uhl, xoropsie naaecrnsr B BOCTO'lHOCJIaBHHCKOH TpaAI1ll11115 1, 11 rr03BOJIHlOT YBepeHHO conocrasnrs ee C MI1<pOJIOrl1'1eCKI1MI1 11 CKa30'lHhIMI1 nepconascawa )TOH )!(e caMOH TpaAI1UI1I1, I1MelOLUI1MI1 60JIee pa3BepHYToe 11 cneuaarraaapoaanaoe onacanae. 06hl'IH0 3TH CXOACTBa pacnpocrpaaxtorcs 11 na <PYHKUI1I1 raKI1M 06- pa30M corrOCTaBJIHeMhlX rtepconasceii.

UeJIhlM PHAOM CBOI1X aTpl16YTOB Ilaraana (a TeM caMhlM 11 MOKOWh) OrO)!():leCTBJIHeTCH C Ea60H-RroH, B '1aCTHOCTI1 B rex CKa30'lHhIX MOrI1BaX, xoropsre 0603Ha'lalOTCH KaK ClO)!(eT TKa'lI1XI1 B KOJIOAUe, CO'leTalOLUI1H B ce6e 06a OCHOBHhlX MOTI1Ba (rxanse=npanease 11 BOAa) , COrrpH)!(eHHhIX C MOKOWhlO. B cooTBercTBYlOLUI1X PYCCKI1X CKa3Kax 0 nansepaue nocroaano Eafia-Hra neer 3aAaHI1e nansepaue TKaTh, rrpHcTh, CTHpaTh, MhlTh B 6aHe (A<paHacheB, N° 102-103 11 np.) . B CBH311 C OCHOBHhlM MI1<POM ofipauiaer na ce6H BHI1MaHl1e 11 MOTI1B M hi W e H, rrOMoralOLUI1X rrpHCTh; B HI1X MO)!(HO BI1AeTh orpaxcenae MOTI1Ba A e T e H, npeapauiennsrx fpOMOBep)!(UeM B XTOHI1'1eCKl1e CYLUeCTBa 5 1 a.

LJ.rrH CJIaBHHCKI1X CKa30K aroro rana xapaxrepen MOTI1B peKI1 KaK HeKI1H 3KBI1BaJIeHT npH)!(J1. HHOrAa peKa B03HI1KaeT 113 TKaHI1: 6pocuna nonoreuue: coenanacs pexa tatcas UlUpOKa51-UlUpOKa5l (Adiaaacsen, N° 103), cp. aHaJIOfl1'1HhIH napannenaara Me)!(AY BOJIOCaMI1, aanneraerasrr-ra B rpa KOChl, 11 TpeMH PY'lhHMI1 paaasrx uBeTOB B '1YBaWCKOH cKa3Ke"CTapI1KOaa noxs". llOA06HhJe MOTI1Bhl 06bHCHHlOT HaJII1'1l1e eAI1HOrO 0603Ha'leHI1H

B 0 JI H hI peKI1 11 B 0 JI H hI WepCTI1: pyc. BOnHa C I1HAOeBpOrreHCKI1MI1 COOTBeTCTBI1HMI1 B 060l1x 3Ha'leHI1HX, cp., B '1aCTHOCTI1, ysce npesnexerTCKOe \Ha3BaHl1e peKI1 fJulana npa Gulana- 'urepcrs', lJulali- 'sepereno' ~ JII1L vilna 'urepcrs' npa MHOrO'lI1CJIeHHhIX Ha3BaHI1HX pex C KOpHeM viln-:

Vilnele, Vtlnia 11 r.n. To »ce npencraaneaae 0 ncanse I1JII1 npanense B CBH- 311 C BOAOH, nexauiee B OCHOBe KYJIhTa MOKOWI1 11 llHTHI1Uhl, npsrao C<P0PMYJIl1pOBaHO rro OTHOWeHl1lO t< KocMI1'1ecKoMY TKa'lY B ApeBHeI1H-

4' eM.: J1fJQI-106 B.B., Tonopoe B.H. CJIaBlIHCK'W cH~-reMhI ... , c. 150-151 H np.,

a raioxe xexoropsre npyrae pa60ThI 3THX aBTOpOB. K HKOHOflHCHOMY acnexry cp.:

H6QI-106 B.B. MOTHBbI ROCTO'lHOCJIaB>JHCKllfO 1I3hI'IeCTBa B HX rpaacrpopsrauaa B PYCCKHX HKOHax. - B KH.: Hapornras rpasropa H <pOJIhKJIOP B POCCHH XVII-XIX BB. filL, 1976. Ii.A. PbI6aKoB rrpennorraraer H306palKeHHe MOKOlliH rra onaon ceaepnoPYCCKOn BLlUJHBKC (YKa3. CO'l., c. 391).

4. BpenOHOCHOCTh H CBlITOCTh IIlITHHUhI BnOJIHe YlKHBaJOTCli npyr C npyror-r: CBlITOCTh- 3HaK ee npescaero nOCTOHHCTBa, cynpyxecxoa npHHa}J;JIelKHOCTH fpOMOBeplKUY; BpenOHOCHOCTh - 3HaK ee HhIHeIllHero orsepxceaaoro 6e3MYlKHero COCTOllHHlI.

so Bonsuron MaTepHaJI no non resse C06paH H npOaHaJIH3HPOBaH (MelKAY npO'lHM, B par-ncax cxevrsi OCHOBHoro MH<pa) B CTaTLe: C6eUmUK06Q T.H., Hueusn T.B. K HCCJIenOBaHHIO ceMaHTHKH 6aJIKaHCKHX <pOJIhKJIOPHhIX TeKCTOB. PYMhIHcKHe TeKCThI 0 nepcoHH<pHll,HPOBaHHhIX }J;HlIX HeneJIH. - B KH.: CTpYKTypHo-THnOJIOrn'leCKHe HCCJIenOBaHHlI B 06JIacTH rpaMMaTHKH CJIaBlIHCKHX 1I3hIKOB. M., 1973, c. 197-241, oco- 6eHHo - 205-206, 218-222, 227-234.

S I Cp.: "Bo MHornx MeCTax MaJIOPOCCHH cYI1leCTBOBaJI 06hI'Im cute B Moe nper-ra BOnHTh no nepesuav lKeHIUHHY C pacnYI1IeHHhIMH BOJIOCaMH, non HMeHeM IIlITHHllhI" (floTe6l-lfl A.A. 0 MH<pH'IeCKOM 3Ha'leHHH aexoropsrx 06PMOB H nosepaa. - QOl1llP, 1865 HIOJIh-CeHT1I6ph KH. 3 c. 216 (anecs lKe - naHHhIC HCTopH'IeCKHX HCTO'lHHKOB).

51' " . .. d

-o 6a6e-~fe CM. reneps: Shapiro M. Baba-Jaga: a Search for mythopoeic ongms an

affmities. Univ. of California. Los Angeles, 1979, p. 1-47.

192

13.3aK.136

193

)J.MHCKOH JIM Tepa Type : yad ida'fl sarvam apso otaf!! ca protarrz ca, kasmin nu khalv iipa otiisca protiis ceti "see anecs B M T K a H 0 B)J.OJIh M nonepex na B 0 )J. e; na t!eM )l(e B hI T K a H a B)J.OJIh M nonepex B 0 )J. a?" (Bpaxanapaasmca-Ynaamuana, III, 6, 1).

ITpMBe)J.eHHhIe q,aKThI rr03BOJIHIOT 60JIee WMPOKO aarnanyrs H na caxtoe 3TMMOJIOrMIO MMeHM MOKOWU, BHeCH B nee YTOtlHeHMH M pacunrpenaa: npa fieccnopnoa CBH3M C "mok- 'snara', 'BJIa)l(HbIH', 'MOKpbIH', 'MOKHYTb', HY)I(HO )J.YMaTb, cnenyer pea6MJIMTMpOBaTb (c cooTBeTcTB}'IOIURMH KoppeKTMBaMH) M crapoe corrOCTaBJIeHMe Hrrsaacxoro C *mokos- 'npanense', 'nrrerense" 2 • Taxoe )l(e coenaaeaae )J.BYX 3TMX 3Ha'leHMH MO)l(HO Ha6JIIO)J.aTb B 6arrrnHCKHX assncax: JIMT. mdzgas 'Y3eJI', megzti 'nasan,', '3aBa3bIBaTb' npa mazgoti 'MbITb', *mak-, *mask-/*mazg-, cp. pesasre Ha3BaHMa C xopnesi Mazg- npa JII060rrbITHbIX ranpoaasrax rana JITllI. Makasani M r.n. (cp. TaK-

, .,

)l(e Ha3BaHMe pexa Cnoes, conocrasnaeraoe C )J.p.-MH.IJ._ snauti ress, CTPYMTb-

I I I /

ca', rpex. voa' mrrt; (fecMXHH), C O)J.HOH CTOPOHbI, H pyc. cnoeats, ocuoea

KaK )J.peBHHe TKaUKMe TepMHHbI, C npyroa): Bsrecre C TeM Y'IaCTMe MOKOura B OCHOBHOM MHq,e 06:bHCHHeT TO, 'ITO ee MOJYT npayposaaars K ro-

pe, M a K Y III K e ropsr HJIM sepuraa (cp. Mokoiln Vrch) , r.e. K B03MO)l(HbIM B e p x 0 B baM pexa, 'ITO orpaxeuo M B 6arrKaHCKOM apearre, B '1aCTHOCTH B PYMblHCKOH TPaJJ.MUMH, JJ.JIH KOTOPOH MO)l(HO npennonarars CHJIbHoe BJIMaHHe CJIaBaHCKoro 3JIeMeHTa. B CJIaBaHCKOH CMCTeMe )J.BOM'lHbIX npoTMBorrOCTaBJIeHMH, onpenenasurax CTPYKTYPY OCHOBHoro MMq,a, KaK M CJIaBHHCKYIO MO)J,eJIb MHpa B UeJIOMS 3, MOKOllIb BXO)J,MJIa B PM )I( e H C K M HM 0 K P bI H-B 0 )J, a-H e 'I e T-H M 3-)J, 0 JI-H 0'1 b-C M e p T bS 4, HO coxpaaaJIa M CJIe)J,bI CBa3M C 3JIeMeHTaMM rrpOTMBOrrOJIO)l(HOrO pana 0 r 0 H b-B e p Xr 0 p a-)I( M 3 H s, 'ITO JIMllIHHH paa aosspamaer K reve ee nepaonavansnoii CBa3M C I'poraonepxnera, xapaKTepH3YIOUUiMCH 3THMH rrOCJIe,l1,HHMH npasaaKaMM. B CBeTe cxasaaaoro rrpe)J,CTaBJIHeTCH npasnononofiasna, 'ITO )KHBa (Siwa) KaK rnasuoe )l(eHCKOe 60)l(eCTBO rrOJIa60B He 'ITO anoe, KaK 060- _ 3Ha'leHHe MOKOllIH B ee rrpe)l(HeH (B e p x H e H) HrrOCTalZH (cp. M,l1,OJI MoKOllIM B KHeBe nasepxy na KHH)I(eCKOM XOJIMe) 5 5, 'ITO MO)l(HO 6bmo 6bIrrO)J,TBep)J,MTb M CJIe)J,aMM MMeHM MOKOllIH B )J,peBHerrOJIa6cKOH TorrOHMMMKe.

l1.MH )KMBbI, KaK M MMH caMOH MOKOllIM. JJ.JIH 60JIee npesaero nepaona, MO)l(HO C'IMTaTb He CTOJIbKO c06CTBeHHO MMeHeM, CKOJIbKO YCTOH'IMBbIM 3rrMTeTOM, 0603Ha'ialOUUiM HaM60JIee xapaxrepasni npasaax 60)l(eCTBa. MHOrO'lMCJIeHHbIe auanora 3TOMY acrpesaiorca MMeHHO npa 0603Ha'leHHM )l(eHCKMX 60)l(eCTB nora rana M B npyrax MHJJ.oeBpOrreHCKMX Tpa}l.11)J.HHX,

B '1aCTHOCTH B MpaHCKOH, KOTopaH H B OTHOllIeHliH: caxioro nora 60)l(eCT~a rrpe)J,CTaBJIHeT HaM60JIee 6JIM3KMe aaanoraa <;J1aBHHCKOH. Pe'lh MeT npexne acero 06 Araivf Sura Aniihitd, paHeeCOrrOCTaBJIeHHOH co CJIaBHHCKOH MaTb

Cupa 3eMJlJls 6, rne Cupa cooTBeTCTByeT aBecTMHcK. Aredvl ('cbIpaH') rro CMbICJIY M aBeCT. Sura ('CMJIbHaH') - 3TMMOJIOrM'IeCKM. B CBOIO oxepens, Mat» Cupa 3eM/lJl sepea Cupa MO)l(eT 6bITb conocranneua C MOKOWblO

(cp. CblPOi1 KaK CMHOHMM MOKp0(0). Henocpencrneanoe cpasneaae MpaHCKOH Aredvl Surii Andhitd - MMeHM MMq,OJIOrM'IeCKOH pexa - C MOKOWblO nonKperrJIHeTCH TaK)I(e M CJIaBHHCKMM q,OJIbKJIOPOM, rne B CBH3M C MOTMBOM TKa'lM~M B KOJIO,l1,ue asrcrynaer "pexa mapoxaa-urapoxaa", B "Asecre"

Aredvi Sura Aniihitd rrpe,l1,CTaBJIHeTCH KaK "TbICH'IepYKaa" (cp., C O,l1,HOH CTDPOHbI, rrpe)J,CTaBJIeHHe cera pex M PYKaBOB KaK npaxca, a C npyroa CTOpOHbI, rrO,l1,'1epKHYTOCTb JJ.JIHHHbIX PYK Y MOKOWM M Y IIHTHMUbI).

Arsdv] Sura Aniihitii YBeJIM'IMBaeT CMJIY, B '1aCTHOCTM MY)I(CKOe cexsa, M )l(eHCKYIO rrpOM3B0}l.11TeJIbHYIO CMJIY (M MOJIOKO )l(eHUUiHbI), CKOT M 3eMJIIO.

Te )l(e xasecraa MO)l(HO npennonarars M Y nepaonasansnoro CJ1aBHHCKoro 60)l(eCTBa, cynpyra I'poxrosepxora.

CJ1e)J,bI nora apaacxoro xynsra, coxpaamomerocs ,l1,0 HaCIOHlUero BpeMeHH B CpeIJ;HeH A3HH, rr03BOJIHIOT rosopars 0 eute 60JIbllIeM CXO,l1,CTBe co CJIaBHHCKHMH TpaJJ.HJJ.llHMH. B' Xopeave COXpaHHeTCH ,l1,0 MYCYJI bMaHcKHH xynsr K0J10)J,JJ.eB, BOCXO,l1,JIlUHH K xynsry AHaXHTbI, K KOTOPOH ofipamaiorca npexore acero 6e3,l1,eTHbIe )l(eHIURHbI, ranaiouiae 0 none 6y,l1,Yutero pefeaxa rro orpaxenmo He6ecHbIX CBeTHJI B BO)J.e KOJIO)J,JJ.aS 7 (cp. MomB KOJIO)J,JJ.eB B CBH3M C IIHTHH)J,eH, paCCMaTpMBaeMOH KaK noaasansHaH' 6a6Ka; cp. rrpaKTMKY PO)J.OB B 6aHe, rro npenaamo CBH3bIBaeMYIO C IIapacKeBoH-IIHTHH)J,eH). Y TaJJ.)KHKOB re )l(e MOTMBbI COXpaHHJIHCb B KYJIbTe EH6M Ce-lIIaM6e - rrepcoHHq,MIJ;HpOBaHHOrO )J.HH He)J,eJIH - "I'ocnoxa BTOPHHK" (cp. Ilsruuuy Y CJ1aBHH M PYMbIHCKYIO Martole - CBHTYIO "BTOPHHIzy", TMrrOJIOrH'IeCKH cOBrra)J,alOlUYIO C TaJJ.)KHKCKOH), noxpoaaTeJ1bHH)J,bI TKa'leCTBa H npsneasa, K KOTOPOH ofipauraiorca aa noraoursro 6ecrrJ10IJ;HbIe )l(eHlUHHbI. Bo BpeMa )l(eHCKHX paryansasrx co6paHHH B ee tIeCTb 'lKTarrH cKa3KY 0 30J1YlllKe, BocrrpOH3BOIJ,HIll,YIO TOT )l(e MornB TKa'1HXlI B KOJIo)J,JJ.e58 .

KaK M CJIaBHHCKafl MOKOllIb, apaacxaa Aniihitd OTHOCMTCH K '!MCJIY )l(eHCKHX 6o)l(ecTB C X03HHCTBeHHOH q,YHKIJ;HeH, KOTOpylO a6CTpaKTHO MO)l(}{O Cq,OpMYJ1MpoBaTb KaK yaeJ1M'IeHHe MaTepMM nocpencraora rrOBTOpeaas IJ;HKJIOB. B 3TOM CMbICJIe casra crpyxrypa npasor M npouecc npa,l1,eHba MO)l(eT paCCMaTpMBaTbCH KaK 06pa3 YMHO)l(eHMH )l(H3HeHHOH TKaHlf

H aocnpoaaaenenas '1eJIOBeKa M pona B rrOTOMCTBe59, cp. TaK)I(e rr 0 TO K KaK 06pa3 )l(H3HH. CBH3b )l(H3HH C BO)J,OH rrpMHaJJ.JIe)I(HT K 'lHCJIY yaasepcamtH, 'ITO rr03B0J1HeT 3aKJIIO'lHTb, 'ITO eCJ1M MOKOllIb - )I( e H C K M H rrep-

s , eM.: J1JzbuncICUU F'A. YKa3. COq., c.7 ..

5 'Gasparini E. L'orizzonte culturale del "mir". - Ricerche Slavistiche, 1962, t. X, a 54 raiose PM pa60T aBTOPOB CTaTbH.

3Aecb HylKHo OTAaTh AOJ1lKHoe HHTYHUHH A.C. XOMJlKOBa, csaraamero Moxours 60- OIHeli CMepTH. CM.: AifjanacbeeA.H. n03THQeCKHe B033peHHJI CJ1aBJlH aa npHpOAY,

s s 11. M., 1868, C. 267.

o CBJi3H MOKOllIH H )!(HBbI CM.: Puoaxoe E.A. CBnoBHT -POA. - In: Liber Iosepho Kostrzewski octogenario a veneratoribus dicatus. Wrocl'aw, 1968, C. 391; On JlCe. YKa3. COq., C. 386.

5. CM.: Jakobson R. Slavic Mythology. - In: Funk' and Wagnall's standard dictionary of folklore, mythology and legend, vol. 1. N.-Y., 1950 .

57 C

CM.: uecapee r Jl. PenHKTDl AOMYCyrrbMaHCKHX. BepoBaHHll H 06PJlAOB Y Y36eKOB

Xopeassa, M., 1969, C. 231 HAp.

S.8CM.: seaeuu« Il.K, PeJ1HIlIOlHO-Mam'leCKaJI <PYHKIJ;HJI 'cpoJ1bKJ10PHhIX CKa30K. - B KH.:

CepreIO llleAopoBH'I}' 0J1~eH6ypry. IT., 1934, c.232; Auopeee CiM, CJ)e):UIea:maTCI<aH aepcaa 3onymKH-C8HApHlll>OHbI. - B KH.: no Ta,rI,)lGlKHCTaHY. Taunceirr, 1921, C. 60- 61; Meneruucxuu E.M. Tepoa BOJ1llIe&IOA CKa3KH. M., 1958, c.207 HAp.

59 Cp. cnaa. • IJbrlJb 'BepBb' KaK 06pa3 nepeJUIeTeHHOC1ll (npasca) B COnOCTaBJ1eHHH C xer, uaT1Aalan- 'ceMLIl', 'rrOTOMCTBO', J1YB. warwala-li- 'ceMLll', 'aaponsuu', 'nOTOMCTBO' H T.Il.

194

195

COHa)l(, CBH3aHHbrH AeHCmIUeJ1bHO C BOA 0 H (cp. BOAY KaK AeTOpOAHYIO anary) , TO OHa He MO)l(eT He 6bITb CBH3aHHOH C HAeeH poxcieaaa, IUIOAOPO)J,HH, )l(H3HH (cp. MH<pOJ1oreMY pO)l(AeHHH A<PPOAHTbl, KaK H MHorHX npyrnx 60rHHb J1106BH H xpacorsr, H3 BOA sr, BOIUIomeHHYlQ, uanp., B H3BeCTHOH KapTHHe EOTTH'IeJ1J1H); Bee AeJ10, OAHaKO, B TOM,

'ITO MOKOlIIb B ClO)I(eTe OCHOBHoro MH<pa AOJ1)I(Ha OKa3aTbCH AYPHOH )l(eHOH H AYPHOH MaTepblO; n03TOMY COOTBeTCTBYlQlll,He <pyHKll,HH npenensnc aaresereasr B HMelOll(HXCH HCTO'lHHKax.

B03BpamaHCb )l(e K rexte rrpHAeHHH-npH)I(H HY)l(HO CKa3aTb, 'ITO THrrOJ10rH'IeCKH K 3TOH )l(e rpynne )l(eHCKHX 60)l(ecm npaaannesar TaKHe crreuaanaaapoaaaasre HX BapHaHTbI, KaK npeanerpexecxae rrapKH, MOHPbl H ApeBHeCKaH)J,HHaBCKHe HOPHbl - )l(eHCKHe 60)l(eCTBa, npanyurae cYJl,b6y, r.e , rrOCJ1eAOBaTeJ1bHOCTb )l(H3HeH H CMepTeH, H cxonnsre )l(eHCKHe nepcoHa)I(H npyrnx TpaAHUHH. TOT )l(e apxaH'IeCKHH 06pa3 60)l(eCTB, nepsaurax B pyxax aepereao , ynOMHHaeTCH B apXaH'IeCKOM xeTTCKOM paryane KUB XXIX 1 B KOHTeKcTe, rne pexs HAeT 06 H3MepeHHH )l(H3HH napa, r.e.

o ero )l(H3HH H cMepTH. IIOA06HblMH KOHTeKCTaMH onpenenaercs cyuiecrBeHHaH pam sepereua H npH)I(H B MH<pax, CKa3Kax, sararncax (rne Ha3- BaHHH nacrea 'IeJ10Be'leCKOrO TeJ1a 3allIH<PPOBbIBalOTCH Ha3BaHHHMH 'IaCTeH npHJ1KH) H 06pHAax (cp. ranaana C noxroursro npHJ10K B CBH3H C ranaHHHMH y K0J10AUeB B OIrncaHHbIX KYJ1bTax B Cpenaea A3HH) 60.

Bees KOMIUIeKC nepe'lHCJ1eHHbIX npeACTaBJ1eHHH BHOBb 6bll CHHTe 3H poBaH (c Y'leTOM coomeTCTBYIOll(HX TpaAHUHH) B "<!>aYCTe" I'ere, rne O/l:HOH H3 BeJl,bM, asrcrynaiomea KaK npaxa , npHHa}1,Jle)I(HT 3aKJIHHaHHe:

In Lebensfluten, im Tatensturm Wall'ich auf und ab,

Webe hin und her!

Geburt und Grab,

Ein ewiges Meer,

Ein wechselnd Weben, Ein gliihend Leben,

So schaff'Inh am sausenden Webstuhl der Zeit Und wirke der Gottheit lebendiges Kleid.

HblMH B 0 J1 0 CaM H H T.A.). C 3THM MOrJ10 6blTh CBH3aHO TO, 'ITO B n03AHeHllIHX BepCHHX MH<pa OH B 6oJ1bIIIOH CTeneHR CBO)J;HTCH K noeAHHKY, a npH'lHHbI ero OCTalOTCH B TeHH, KaK H caraa 60rnHH, peKoHcTpYKUHH ofipasa KOTOPOH CHJ1bHO 3aTpYAHjJJ1aCb 3THM 06CTOflTeJ1bCmoM. Hecssorpa

M 61

aa 3Ha'lHTeJ1bHOe BHHMaHHe, YAeJ1HeMoe OKOIllH B nocnenaee BpeMH

B HaYKe, npHXO)J;HTCH KOHCTaTHpoBaTb, 'ITO MHoroe B nOM ofipase noxa euie ueacao , a TO, 'ITO Ha'lHHaeT npoHcHHTbCH, 3aCTaBJ1HeT AYMaTb 06 HCKJ1IO'lHTeJ1bHOM (ropasno 60J1bllleM, 'IeM npHHHTO AYMaTb) 3Ha'leHHH MOKOllIH H ee reHeTH'IeCKHX npeAIlleCTBeHHHU; B CJ1aBHHCKOH H nnnoeaponeacxoa MH<p0J10Hm. BKJIIO'IeHHOCTb MOKOllIH B cxesiy OCHOBHoro MH<pa, eCJ1H no YAaJIOCb noxasars H AOKa3aTb B /l:aHHOH pafo re , orxpsmaer HOBbie B03MO)I(HOCTH }1,JlH fonee yrnyrmeaasrx H lllHPOKHX HCCJ1eAOBaHHH.

JI.r. HEBCKAJI

MA Tb B nOfPEBAJIhHOM OOJIbKJIOPE

***

IIOHHTHe "MaTh" B ero pasasrx CMblCJ1aX H J1eKCH'IeCKHX BOIUIomeHHHX <popMHpyeTcH B TeKCUX npH'IeTHI no YMepllleH MaTepH H B nnase OCH~remuea MaTepH no CblHY HITH nosepa; B 06pameHHH nonepa, ncrepsauiea orua HITH npyrax 5rrH3KHX, K MaTepH. 3a cnOHTaHHblM Bblpa)l(eHHeM xa- 3aJ10Cb 6bl CHIOMHHYTHblX 3MOUHH BblpHCOBbIBaeTCH )J,HHaMH'IeCKHH, HO <pyHKUHOHaJIbHO crporo onpenenermsni rrepconaxc, B 3aIIHCHX nnaseii J11060- ro BpeMeHH peAKO MO)I(HO BCTpeTHTb YKa3aHHH sa KOHKpeTHYIO )l(H3Hb, cyJl,b6y onpenenennoa )l(eHlll,HHbI. HOMeHKJIarypHoe OTHOllleHHe pOACTBa co 3Ha'leHHeM 'pO)J;HTeJ1b )l(eHcKoro nOJ1a' npencraer 3AeCb B aficrparapoaauHOM BHAe H onpeAeJIHeTCH Ha60poM <PYHKUHH: 1) POAHTb; 2) nocnarars KaK B acnexre BCKapMJ1HBaHHH, UK H npH06meHHH K HpaBCmeHHOMY H COUliaJIbHOMY KOAeKCY COUliYMa; 3) aaysars: a) npHBHTb TpYAOBble aaasrKH 6) 06y'!HTb AeTeH npaBHJ1aM COUHaJIbHOrO nOBeAeHHH, B TOM 'lHCJ1e nars COBeTbl AO'lepH-HeBeCTe no opraHH3all,HH HOBOH CeMbH, B) npaofanars K "UHHOMY 3HaHHIO"; 4) 6blTb 3aCTyIIHHu;eH, nOKpOBHTeJ1bHHu;eH KaK npa )l(H3HH, TaK H OC06eHHO nOCJ1e CMepTH B xauecrae nyxosnoro nperuca. <l>yHKUHOHaJIbHaH CTPYKTypa nOHHTHH "MaTb" BO MHorOM peannsyerca xe-

pea CHcTeMY arpafiyron.

IIpHBeAeHHble naansre n03B0J1HIOT C 60ITblllOH creneasro BepOHTHOCTH rrpeAIIOITO)I(HTb He TOITbKO 06meCJ1aBHHCKHH xapaxrep MOKOllIH H ee BXO)l(AeHHe B OCHOBHOH MH<P B xaxecrae )l(eHCKOro COOTBeTCTBHH I'povonepxuy, HO H HHAoeBponeHCKHe HCTOKH ee ofipasa. Ilepen CpaBHHTeITbHO-HCTOpH'IeCKOH HaYKoH 06 HHAOeBpOneHcKoH MH<pOITOfHH B03HHKaeT sanaxa 06Hap~eHHH roro nepnouasansuoro HMeHH nora )l(eHCKOro 60)l(ecma, xoropoe B OTAeITbHbIX TpaAHUHHx 6bllO 3aMeHeHO HITH 3llHTeTaMH HITH POAOBblMH Ha3BaHHHMH uensrx KJIaCCOB cyutecrn (cp. B CJ1aBHHCKHX TpaAHUHHX oeeuaauars [hITIlU~, yxp, Hi'lKU). B nepBOHalJllJ1bHOH cxerae OCHOBHoro MH<pa 3Ta 60rnHH B 'IaCTH CBOHX arpH6YTOB Morna connanars

C rrpOTHBHHKOM I'poxsoaepacra - ero conepHHKOM B oraouieana caMOH 6ornHH, cp., B 'IaCTHOCTH, CBH3b ero C uie pcrs 10 , CKOTOM (BeJlc-BO/lOC H

B 0 IT 0 c a r 0 C T b HeKOTopbIX H3 06pa30B 6ornHH, IIHTHHU;bl C pacnyutea-

61nOMHMO )"Ke ynOMHHaBlllHXCH pa60T, qaCTO, K coscaneamo, ManOCOCTO~~l>H~, croar OTMe'lllTL BHHMaHHe K MOKOlllH B cepsesasrx TPYAax, cp.: Lowmianski H. Relig~a Slowian i jet upadek (w. VI-XII). W.arszawa.' 1979? si 1~3-126, 132-134 et al.; Urbanczyk S. Mokoss . - In: Slownik starozytnosci sfowlansklch. T.3, cz.1. Wroclaw-

Warzsawa -Krakow , 1967, s. 278.

I B OCHOBHOM HCnOnb30BaHbI cneAyKllll,He PYCCKHe H nHTOBCKHe HCT01JHHKH: npHqHTaHHH Ceaepaoro KplIH, co6paHHble E.B. EapcoBLIM. q.l. Ilnaaa noxoponrrste, H:l.llrpo6- Hble n Ha,IlMOIlUIl>Hble. M., 1872 (coKpaIIl,eHHO - Bapcoa}; C.MUPH08 Bac. Haponnsre noxopoasr n npnqHTaHHH B KOCTPOMCKOM xpae. Ko crpossa , 1920 (KOCTpoMCKHe npHqHTaHHjI)' Lietuviskos dainos. Uzra~ A. Juska, t. Ill. Kaaans, 1882 (~OTOlli' nasecxoe n~e - BHnhHIOC, 1955) (Jujka); j.Ietuviu, ~~~osaka, 1. II. V~ru~s, 1963; Lietuviq raudos is visur surinktos su d -ro 1. BasanaVlCIaUS prakalba. Vilniuje

1926 (Raudos).

~97

6°nOAP06Hee CM. CTaTblO:IIpHlKa.-Mnq,bI aaponos MHpa, T.2,M., 1982,c.343-344. 196