1.
Generic Name: Isosorbide dinitrate/mononitrate
Brand Name: Isoket
Classification: anti anginal
Action: Increases supply of oxygen to the heart by dilating both
the arteries and veins which supply the heart itself.
Indications: Preventive and long-term treatment of angina
pectoris/post MI angina. Treatment of severe of severe CHF in
combination with cardiac glycosides, diuretics, ACE inhibitors,
arterial vasodilators; pulmonary hypertension
Nursing Considerations: 1. Assess for pain: duration, time
started, activity being performed, character, intensity
2. Monitor B/P, pulse at baseline and during treatment
Side Effects: headache, dizziness, weakness, orthostatic
hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, flushing, nausea,
vomiting, rash
2. Generic Name: Flumazenil
Brand Name: Anexate
Classification: benzodiazepine antagonist
Action: Antagonizes the actions of benzodiazepines on the CNS,
competitively inhibits the activity at the benzodiazepine receptor
complex
Indications: Reversal of centrally sedative effects of
benzodiazepines
Nursing Considerations: 1. Assess cardiac status using
continuous monitoring
2. Assess for seizures, protect patient from injury
3. Assess GI symptoms: nausea, vomiting, place in side-lying
position to prevent aspiration
4. Assess for allergic
Side Effects: Anxiety, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, seizures,
diaphoresis
3. Generic Name: Naloxone
Brand Name: Naloxone HCL
Classification: Narcotic antagonist
Action: May displace opioid analgesics from their receptors
(competitive antagonism) to reverse its effect
Indications: Narcotic overdose. Post-op narcotic depression
Nursing Considerations: 1. Assess signs of opioid withdrawal in
drug dependent individual that that may occur up to 2 hrs. after
administration: cramping, hypertension, anxiety, vomiting
2. Assess cardiac status and monitor vital signs during therapy
3. Assess pain, respirations
Side Effects: tachycardia, increased B/P, hypotension
tremulousness, seizures, cardiac arrest, pulmonary edema
4. Generic Name: Methylprednisolone
Brand Name: Depo-Medrol
Classification: Corticosteroid
Action: As a glucocorticoid, it has marked anti-inflammatory
action due to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. As an
immunosuppressant, it inhibits phagocytosis and migration of
macrophages and leukocytes to the site of inflammation as well
as stabilizes lysosomes to prevent release of enzymes and
reverses increased capillary permeability.
Indications: Severe inflammation or immunosuppression
Nursing Considerations: 1. Medrol may contain tartrazine.
Watch for allergic reaction to tartrazine in patients with
sensitivity to aspirin
2. Drug may use for alternate-day therapy
3. Determine if patient is sensitive to other corticosteroid
4.Give oral dose with food when possible
5. Don’t give Solu-Medrol intrathecally because severe adverse
reactions may occur
Side Effects: Anxiety, seizures, immune system suppression,
fluid and electrolytes disturbance
5. Generic Name: Clarithromycin
Brand Name: Cloranta
Classification: Macrolides, Antibiotics
Action: Inhibits or interferes with bacterial protein synthesis by
binding to the 50s ribosomal subunits of bacterial chromosome
Indications: treatment of respiratory tract infection, treatment of
leprosy and for prophylaxis and treatment of opportunistic
mycobacterial infections. Also used in combination with
pyrimethamine in AIDS
Nursing Considerations: 1. Assess possible occurrence or drug
induced adverse reactions
2. monitor hepatic and hematologic status
3. Assess bowel pattern, discontinue drug if severe diarrhea
occur
5. Assess for possible overgrowth of superinfection
Side Effects: diarrhea, nausea, abnormal taste, abdominal pain,
tooth discoloration, glositis
6. . Generic Name: Verapamil
Brand Name: Isoptin
Classification: Antianginal
Action: Inhibits movement of calcium ions across cell
membrane resulting contraction of myocardial and vascular
smooth muscle and depression of both impulse formation
(automaticity) and conduction velocity
Indications: Diltiazem is used in the management of angina
pectoris and hypertension. Also avail. In IV administration in the
treatment of various arrhythmias.
Nursing Considerations: 1. Assess fluid volume status
2. Monitor B/P, and pules, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure,
CVP, index, often during infusion
3. Monitor ALT, AST, bilirubin daily
4. Monitor if platelets are <150,000/mm³, if so drug is usually dc
5. Monitor for extravasation: change site every 48 hours
Side Effects: headache, ankle edema, hypotension, dizziness,
flushing, fatigue, nausea
7. Generic Name: Phytomenadione
Brand Name: Konakion
Classification:
Action: Synthetic analog of vitamin K which is essential for
hepatic synthesis of blood clotting factors II, VII, IX and X.
Indications: vitamin K compounds are used in the treatment and
prevention of hemorrhage associated with vitamin K deficiency.
Nursing Considerations: 1. Assess for bleeding
2. Monitor pro time during treatment ( 2-sec deviation from
control time, bleeding time and clotting time) to determine
dosage effectiveness
3. Monitor for possible drug induced averse reactions
Side Effects: hypotension, cyanosis, headache, dizziness,
urticaria, pain, swelling and tenderness at injection site
8. . Generic Name: Etoricoxib
Brand Name: Arcoxia
Classification: Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug
Action: NSAIDs work by blocking the action of a substance in
the body called cyclooxygenase. Cyclo-oxygenase is involved in
producing prostaglandins in response to injury or certain disease.
These prostaglandins cause pain, swelling and inflammation.
NSAIDs block the production of these prostaglandins.
Indications: to moderate, sever pain for arthritis
Nursing Considerations: 1. Not to be used in children and
adolesvcents under 16 years of age. This medicine should not be
used in pregnancy as it may delay labor, ase with caution in
elderly people, decreased kidney function, decreased liver func. ,
hx of heart failure, diabetes. Smokers. Hx of allergies to
medicines
Side Effects: Dizziness, abdominal pain nausea, feeling weak,
headache
9. Generic Name: Ketorolac
Brand Name: Toradol
Classification: Nonm steroidal anti inflammatory agents
Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesisby decreasing the
activity of the enzyme, cyclooxygenase which results in
decreased formation of prostaglandin precursors chemicals that
cells of the immune system make that cause the redness, fever,
pain of inflammation and that also are believed to be important
in the production of non inflammatory pain
Indications: treatment for inflammation and pain
Nursing Considerations: 1. Concurrent use with aspirin may
decrease effectiveness, increades adverse GI effects with aspirin
2. Administration in higher than recommended doses does not
provide increased effectiveness, but may cause increased side
effect
Side Effects: drowsiness, GI bleeding, Steven Johnson
Syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis
10. Generic Name: Metoclopramide
Brand Name: Plasil
Classification: Anti-emitics
Action: It blocks sdopamine receptors and makes the GI cells
more sensitive to acetylcholine, leading to increased GI activity
and rapid movement of food through the upper GI tract
Indications: Management of esophageal reflux, treatment and
prevention of post operative nausea and vomiting when
nasogastric suctioning is undesirable
Nursing Considerations: 1. Contraindicated to hypersensitivity
possible obstruction or hemorrhage, history of seizures
disorders, Parkinson’s disease
2. Assess for abdominal pain distension, bowel sound
Side Effects: Drowsiness, extrapyramidal reactions, restlessness,
constipation, diarrhea, arrhythmias
11. Generic Name: Paracetamol
Brand Name: Aeknil
Classification: Analgesics (Non-Opiod) and antipyretics
Action: Reduces fever by acting directly on the hypothalamic
heat-regulating center to cause vasodilation and sweating which
helps dissipate heat, there by reducing fever
Indications: It is used to reduce fever, headache
Nursing Considerations: 1. Assess all reactions: rash, urticaria
2. Monitor blood studies especially CBC and pro time if pt. is on
long term therapies
Side Effects: chest pain, hepatic toxicity, hypoglycemia
12. Generic Name: Hyoscine Butyl bromide
Brand Name: Buscopan
Classification: Antispasmodic
Action: Exerts a spasmolytic action on the smooth muscle of the
gastrointestinal biliary and genitourinary tract. As a quaternary
ammonium derivativedoes not enter the CNS. Therefore anti
cholinergic side effects at the CNS do not occur. Peripheral
anticholinergic action results from a ganglion-blocking action
within the visceral wall as well as from antimuscaribic activity
Indications: Relief smooth muscle spasm
Nursing Considerations: 1. Monitor I and O ratio, retention
commonly causes decreased urinary output, Assess for
constipation
Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, constipation, headache,
dizziness
13. Generic Name: Epinephrine Adrenergic
Brand Name: Epipen, Adrenalin
Classification: Alpha and Beta Adrenergic agent
Action: Naturally occurring neurotransmitter, the effects of
which are mediated by alpha or beta recptors in target organs.
Effects on alpha receptors include vasoconstriction, contraction
of dilator muscles of iris. Effects on beta receptors include
positive chonotropic and inotropic effects on the heart (beta 1
receptors) .Bronchodilators, vasodilation and uterine relaxation
(beta 2 receptor) decreased production ageas humor
Indications: Temporary relief of bronchospasm, acute asthmatic
attack, hypersensitivity, syncope due to heart block and restore
cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest
Nursing Considerations: 1. Assess por allergy or hypersensitivity
to epinephrine or components of drug preparation, narrow angle,
shock other thgan anaphylactic shock hypovolemia
Side Effects: tremor, hallucinations, seizures, nausea, vomiting,
pallor
14. Generic Name: Diazepam
Brand Name: Valium
Classification: Benzodiazepines, anti anxiety, anti
convulsants, sedatives
Action: Depresses all levels of the CNS, including the limbic
and reticular formation, probably through the increase action of
Gamma amino butyric acid which is a major inhibitory
neurotransmitter in the brain
Indications: Adjunct in the management of anxiety, pre operative
sedation, conscious sedation, provides light anesthesia and
antegrade amnesia, tx of status uncontrolled seizures, skeletal
muscle relaxant, mngt. Of thre symptoms of alcohol w ithdrawal
Nursing Considerations: 1. Contraindicated to hypersensitivity,
cross sensitivity with other benzodiazepines may occur,
comatose patient , pre existing CNS depression, uncontrolled
severe pain
2. Monitor vital signs
3. Assess IV sites may cause phlebitis and nervous thromboss
Side Effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, headache, nausea,
vomiting, hypotension
15. Generic Name: Promethazine hydrochloride
Brand Name: Phenergan
Classification: antihistamine
Indications: for those who lack vitamin B complex
Nursing Considerations: 1. Take multivitamins exactly as
directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these
directions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them
to you.
2.Take each dose with a full glass of water.
3.Take multivitamins with food to lessen stomach upset.
4.Do not take more of a multivitamin than is prescribed for you
or is directed on the package. Large doses of multivitamins can
be dangerous.
5.Store multivitamins at room temperature away from moisture
and heat.
Side Effects: Nausea, constipation, black stools, and diarrhea are
among the most common. Taking multivitamins with food may
decrease these side effects.

Action: work by decreasing the effects of histamine, a chemical

the body releases in response to certain irritants. Histamine
narrows air passages in the lungs and contributes to
inflammation. Antihistamines reduce itching and swelling and
dry up secretions from the nose, eyes, and throat.

Indications: relieves nasal stuffiness and inflammation and red,

inflamed eyes caused by hay fever and other allergies. It is also
used to treat itching, swelling, and redness from hives and other
rashes; allergic reactions to blood transfusions; and, with other
medications, anaphylactic shock (severe allergic reaction).

Phenergan is also used as a sedative and sleep aid for both

children and adults, and is prescribed to prevent and control
nausea and vomiting before and after surgery and to prevent and
treat motion sickness. It is also used, with other medications, for
pain after surgery.

Nursing Considerations: 1. Take Phenergan exactly as

prescribed.

• If you miss a dose...

If you are taking Phenergan on a regular schedule, take the
forgotten dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost
time for your next dose, skip the one you missed and go
back to your regular schedule. Never take 2 doses at once.

• Storage instructions...
Tablets should be stored at room temperature, away from
light. Suppositories should be stored in the refrigerator, in
a tightly closed container.

Side Effects: Blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth,

increased or decreased blood pressure, nausea, rash, sedation,
vomiting

14. Generic Name: Neurobion Vit B1, B6, B12

Classification: Multivitamin

Action: Multivitamins are used to treat vitamin shortages in the

body that may occur because of illness, pregnancy, poor
nutrition, decreased absorption of foods through the stomach,
and many other circumstances