World Wide Web:

WWW stands for World Wide Web. It is also called Web. It also provides the facility to
publish the information on the internet. It is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via
the Internet. We can view a web page by using a web browser. Tim Berners-Lee, now the Director of the
World Wide Web Consortium has given the idea of World Wide Web in 1989.

A web page is a document that written in HTML. These web pages are connected
together using hyperlinks. Web pages also known as hypertext documents. A web page may
contain simple text, images and hyperlinks. Anyone can view web pages through a web browser.
A collection of related web pages is called websites. Each website has a unique address.
Websites are stored on a host computer on the internet. These computers are known as web
server. The process of launching a web page is called publishing the page.

Purposes of Uses of WWW

• Web Marketing: Many compnies on Internet are performing marketing activities for
other company through their popular web sites.

• Advertisement: Bussiness companies use WWW to provide information of their

products.

• Shopping: It is possible for user to buy an item using internet. You can see products and
prices; even order them by using your credit card.

• Celebrities, Sportsman and Film Actors: Important celebrities can contact their fans,
provide information about them and send their pitchers.

• Flight Information: It is used to provide the latest information of flights arrivals and
departures.

• TV Telecast: Many TV stations provide their telecast on their Internet web pages..

• Government Agencies: Government agencies can provide information about services

and facilities for the people.
 • News: Most newspapers have their website. Latest news and interviews are provided on
these websites.

• Encyclopedia Publisher: Online encyclopedias are available. You can find detailed
information on any topic in the world. Such as Encarta and Britanica.

• Search Engines: Search engine is a websites that provides the facility to find required
websites on a particular topic. Such as Google and Bing.

• Medical: Many sites in the world provide detailed information on diseases. You can also
consult a panel of on-line doctors to get the advice about any medical problem.

Basic Terminologies of Internet

Following are some important terminologies of internet:

1. Website

A collection of related web pages about a spacific company, concept or event that you can
access electronically is called website. It is contain text, graphics, sound and video.

2. Home Page

First web page of a website is known as Home page. It is actually a strating point of a
website.

3. Hyperlink

A hyper link is simply part of the text or graphics on web page, that when clicked:

Take you to a different location of the same page

Take you to a different page within the website

Take you to a page on different website

Enable you to download file

Lunch application, video or sound

4. Anchor

An anchor is a link to different part of the same web page.

5. Hotspot

It is a part of an image that work as a hyperlink to link to web resources..

6. Web Document

An HTML document that is browsable on the Web is called web document. It is usaully
known as a web page.

7. TCP-IP

The basic protocols controlling applications on the Internet, called TCP-IP. It stands for Transfer
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

8. Table

Table is a collection of rows and columns to display data in tables in a web page.

9. Frame

Frames are used to divide a web page into different parts. Different web pages can be
displayed in each part.

10.HTTP

It stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. It is a communication protocol used to connect
to servers on the World Wide Web. The primary function of HTTP is to establish a
connection with a web server and transmit HTML pages to the user’s browser. It allows
computer users to access the World Wide Web in the internet.
 11.HTML

It stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML is the fundamental language to design
web pages. It is the mostly used langugae to create web pages.

12.Webmaster

It is the person who develops and maintains a website.

13. Web Server

It is software that responds to the requests coming from the web browser. E.g. Internet
Information Service (IIS), Apache web server.

14. Web Host

A computer that host websites in it is known as web host. It usually has special software,
called web server.

15. Web Hosting

It is a service provided by internet servers to host web pages of different companies so that it
can be accessed through Internet.

16. Domain Name

It is the unique name given to a website. This name is linked to a web server where the
information of that website is stored. www.hec.edu.pk is the example of a domain name.

17. Web Browser

This is the software that allows a user to access and view HTML documents. Examples of
Web browsers include Mosaic, Cello and Lynx.

18.URL
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. URL is the web address for any given web
document. Every web document has a unique URL. Each URL has several parts, which can
be demonstrated using the address:

http://www.google.com/services/index .html

19.ISP

ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. It is a company that provides Internet connection.
ISP also provides the facility of Email. A connection from ISP is necessary to connect to
Internet. Different ISPs in Pakistan are as follows:

Comsats, Brain net, Linkdotnet, PTCL

20. POP

An acronym for Point of Presence, POP is a service provider's location for connecting to
users. Generally, POPs refer to the location where people can dial into the provider's host
computer. Most providers have several POPs to allow low-cost access via telephone lines.

21. FTP

File Transfer Protocol is a protocol that allows the transfer of files from one computer to
another. FTP is also the verb used to describe the act of transferring files from one computer
to another.

22. Download

To transfer to your computer a copy of a file that resides on another computer.

23. Server

It is the computer that manages and delivers information for client computers, called server.

24. Client
 It is the computer that has an access to services over a computer. The computer providing the
services is a server.
Q3: What are the Services provided by the Internet?

Answer:

Services provided by Internet

Following are some important services of the internet:

1. World Wide Web (WWW)

WWW stands for World Wide Web. It is also called Web. It also provides the facility to
publish the information on the internet. It is collection of documents or web pages stored on
computers permanently connected with internet around the world.

A web page is a document that written in HTML. These web pages are connected
together using hyperlinks. Web pages also known as hypertext documents. A web page may
contain simple text, images and hyperlinks. Anyone can view web pages through a web browser.
A collection of related web pages is called websites. Each website has a unique address.
Websites are stored on a host computer on the internet. These computers are known as web
server. The process of launching a web page is called publishing the page.

Features of WWW

• Advertisement: Manufacturers use WWW to provide information of their products.

• Shopping: It is possible for user to buy an item using internet. You can see products and
prices; even order them by using your credit card.

• Flight Information: It is used to provide the latest information of flights arrivals and
departures.

• TV Station: WWW provide the information about the programs, the latest news and
events. Some television show different events live on their websites.
 • Celebrities, Sportsman and Film Actors: Important celebrities can contact their fans,
provide information about them and send their pitchers.

• Government authorities: Government authorities can provide information about

services and facilities for the people.

• News: Most newspapers have their website. Latest news and interviews are provided on
these websites.

• Encyclopedia Publisher: Online encyclopedias are available. You can find detailed
information on any topic in the world.

• Search Engines: Search engine is a websites that provides the facility to find required
websites on a particular topic.

• Medical: Many sites in the world provide detailed information on diseases. You can also
consult a panel of on-line doctors to get the advice about any medical problem.

2. Email (Electronic Mail)

Email stands for Electronic Mail. Email is the exchange of messages and files through
internet. Message can be in the form of graphics, sounds, video, clips or simple text. It is a fast
way of sending messages anywhere in the world in a very short time.

The sender and receiver may be sitting in the same building or anywhere in the world.
One email message can be sent to multiple recipients. Email facility is provided by many internet
services providers or specialized websites. Yahoo, Hotmail and Gmail are some popular
examples of email providing websites.

Working of Email

An email program is used to create, send and receive emails. It is also known as email
client. When the user sends an email message, the computer connects to an email server and
transmits a copy of the message to that server.
Email Server is a host computer on the internet that is used to send and receive emails. The
email server receives the message and finds out the email server where that email is to be sent. It
connects to that server and transmits another copy of the message.

Email Attachment

An email message can also contain attachments. Attachment is a process of sending

connecting files with email message. Any type of file can be attached to email such as
documents, spreadsheets, audio and video etc. MIME is an internet protocol that supports email
attachment. It stands for multipurpose internet mail extension. Different websites provide
different file size that can be attached with an email message. Yahoo provides attachment size of
10mb.

Advantages and uses of email

Some advantages of email are as follows;

• It is very fast and timely.

• It is very cheap and inexpensive.

• People can send and receive message anywhere in the world.

• People can share your information among different people.

• It is possible to send and receive email through mobile phone.

• Email gives us the facility to send pictures, sounds and videos.

Disadvantages of email

Some limitations of email are as follow:

• An email passes from one system another through different networks. The system
administrator of network or a hacker can read contents of emails.

• Junk email is an unwanted email. A person may send such email that the receiver does
not want to read.
 • An email message cannot express emotions properly. The receiver can not view the facial
expression or voice of the sender.

• Email is read when the user connects to the internet and check email account. An urgent
message may be ignored or delayed.

• Email may not be delivered successfully due to communication errors.

• Most of the viruses are spread through email messages. Virus can spread if the user opens
an email containing a virus.

Email Address

Every email account has unique address. An email address usually has two parts:

• User ID

• Identity of email service

These two parts are separated by the symbol @.

Example

myemail@hotmail.com

myemail

My email is called user ID. It is used to sign into email service.

The symbol is called “at” sign. It separates the account ID from the name of the e-mail service
provider.

Hotmail.com

It indicates the email service provider.

3. Mailing List
 A mailing list is a collection of email names and addresses given a single name. An email
message sent to mailing list is received by every person on the list. Different people discuss
different topics and distribute their ideas to other people by email. Soft wares are available to
administrate mailing lists. The most common program is listserv.

4. News Groups

A news group is a discussion group on the internet. People exchange information on a

vast range of topics such as news, business, science and computer. A user sends message to the
news group to participate in discussion. Other users in the news group read and reply to the
message.

Software is required to obtain articles from news server. A news server is a host
computer that exchanges articles with other servers on the internet. These servers use Network
News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) to communicate. The users have to subscribe on a news group
to view articles on a specific topic.

5. E-Commerce

E-Commerce stands for Electronic Commerce. E-Commerce means to carry out

financial and business dealings using internet. Person can deal with his customers
throughout the world. People can buy and sell good on internet. They can also pay bills using
credit card numbers.

Role of E-Commerce

The roll of e-commerce in daily life is becoming very important .Such as:

• Electronic banking

• Electronic shopping

• Conducting auctions

• Online trading

• Videoconferencing
 • Marketing and advertisement

6. TELNET

Telnet is a program that is used to connect to a remote computer on internet .A

computer can act as a terminal directly linked to the remote computer .The user can
log on to the computer and use it as if he connected to the computer directly .

7. FTP

File Transfer Protocol is used on internet for sending files from one place to another.
Audio, video, graphics and data files can be uploaded or downloaded using this protocol. A
process of transferring a file from remote computer to local computer is called downloading.
The process of transferring a file from a local computer to remote computer is called uploading.
Different soft wares are available to use this protocol for transferring files on the internet. Cute
FTP and WS_FTP are examples of FTP software.

8. Chatting & Instant Messaging

Chatting is a process of exchanging views on internet by typing text message in real-time.

Chat group is a group of users with similar interest. Many users join chat groups for exchanging
views or talking for fun. Interest relay chat (IRC) is a service used to communicate to each
other on hundreds of channels. Instant messaging is a type of chat in which a user on web can
chat with another user currently logged. Most famous is America Online Instant Messenger.
 Possible Questions

Q1: What is World Wide Web? What are the purposes of WWW?

Q2: Write a note on basic terminologies of internet?