ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

Q1.define Organizational Behavior? Explain the importance of Organizational

Behavior?
Organizational Behavior is the study application of knowledge about how
people act within organizations. The definitions on OB are many. However,
three features need to be emphasized in any definition: OB is the study of
human behavior; The study is about behavior in organizations; and
Knowledge about human behavior would be useful 1Il improving an
organization 's effectiveness. Combining the above three features, OB may
be understood to be the study of human behavior in organizational settings,
of the interface between human behavior and the organization, and of the
organization itself.
* Explain the importance of Organizational Behavior:
1)Organizational Behavior helps in describing human behavior.
2)Organizational Behavior helps in understanding human behavior.
3)Organizational Behavior helps in predicting human behavior.
4)Organizational Behavior helps in controlling human behavior.
5) Organizational Behavior helps in maintaining good human and industrial
relations.

Q2. explain fundamental concepts of organization behavior? Regarding

Nature of people?
*fundamental concepts of organization behavior:
1)Individual Differences: People have much in common, but each
person in the world is also individually different.
2) A whole person :When a person is appointed ,his /her skill along
is no third, his/her social background, likes and dislikes, pride and
prejudices-are also hired.
3)Caused Behavior: The behavior of the employee is caused and not
random.
4) Human Dignity: People are to be treated differently from other factors of
production because they are of a higher order in the universe.
* Regarding nature 0f organization:
1)Organization as social systems : Organizations are social systems because
many activities in organizations are governed be social as well
psychological laws.
2) mutuality of inter : Organizations need people and people need
Organizations.
3)Holisticconcept:Thisconceptinterpretspeople-organizationrelationshipsin
terms of whole person I whole group ,hole organization and whole social
system.
Q3. discuss the various factors that contribute to the development
of personality?
1) Heredity: There are some genetic factors that play a part in
determining certain aspects of what we tend to become.
2)Culture: The culture and the values significantly tend to shape
personal values and inclination.
3) Family Background: The socio economic status of the family
the number of children in the family and birth order and
education of the parents
4) Experience in Life :Personality characteristics are also molded
by frequently occurring positive or negative experiences in life.
5)Socialization: starts with the initial contact between mother
and her infant.
Q4. explain big Five “personality traits ?
1)Extraversion: A person who is sociable, outgoing! Talkative, assertive,
and gregarious.
2) agreeableness :A personhoods cooperative ,warm ,caring ,good-
natured, courteous, trusting.
3) Conscientiousness :A person who is depend able ,hard working
,organized, self-disciplined ,persistent, responsible.
4) emotion Stability: A person who is calm ,secure ,happy ,unworried.
5) Openness to experience :A person who is curious ,intellectual,
creative, cultured ,artistically sensitive, flexible, imaginative.
 Q5. Discuss the Myers-Brigg Type Indictor theory of personality?
1) Where do you get our energy ?
Extraversion E Introversion I

Outgoing, interacting, Speaks the Quiet ,Concentrating, thinks then

thinks ,Gregarious speaks, Reflective

2) What do you evaluate and make decisions.

Sensing (s) Intuiting (N)
Practical, Details ,Concrete General ,Possibilities ,Theoretical
,Specific. ,Abstract.
3)How do you evaluate and make decisions:
Thinking{T) Feeling (F)

Analytical, Head, Rules, Justice Subjective, Heart, Circumstance

,Mercy.

4)How do orient yourself to the outside world?

Judging (j) Perceiving(i)
Structured , Time Oriented, Flexible, Open ended, Exploring,
Decisive, Organized. spontaneous.

Q6. Define Perception and Sensation .What is the difference between

these two?
perception
Depends upon the sensory raw
data, yet it involves a cognitive
process that includes filtering
modifying or even changing these
sensation taw data to make sense
out of them, A simple illustration
may be looking at an object. We
see and tend to see in its totality, reaction of our eye to COIO f, ear to
with a figure and form against a
background.
Sensation
May be described as the response
of a physical sensory organ to
some stimuli. Our physical senses,
vision, hearing, touch smell and
taste are continuously utilized by
numerous stimuli that are both
outside and inside of our body. The
sound, nose to smell, and so on are
the examples of our every day
sensations .
Q7.discss the process of perception?
1)Receiving Stimuli: The perception process starts with the reception of
stimuli.
2) Selection of Stimuli :People in everyday life observe or receive from
the environment at time .Selective perception involves2 psychological
principles: ( Figure Ground Principle: The meaningful bits and pieces of
stimuli are called as ground d " . More attention is given to the figure and
less to ground. Relevancy: People selectively perceive things that they
consider relevant to meet their needs and desires).
3) Organization of stimuli :Having selected data ,these need to be
organized in some form so as to assign some meanings to them:
Grouping: is based on the similarity of various stimuli perceived .Closure :
when people face with in complete information ,they tend to fill the gaps
themselves to make it more meaningful. Simplification: When people find
themselves overloaded with information they try to simplify it to make
more meaningful an understandable they subtract less salient information
and concentrate on important ones only).
4) Interpretation: The data collected and organized remains meaningless
for the perceiver till these are assigned meanings: Halo Effect: Drawing
general impression a out an individual based on a single characteristic or
trait is called halo effect. Attribution: Explaining human behavior in terms
of cause and effect is called 'attribution. Stereotyping : When individuals
are judged on the basis of the characteristics of the group they belong , it
is called' stereotyping'. ) Personality :of the perceiver also affects what is
to be perceived. Situation: The situation or context in which we observe
things also influences our perception about them. Perceiver: The
perceiver's attitudes, motives, interests, past experience and
expectations are among the more relevant personal factors the affect
perception.
5) Action: Action is the last stage in the perceptual process.

q8.disccuss the figure ground principle of perception?

1 ) Figure Ground Principle: The meaningful bits and pieces of stimuli are
called as "ground". More attention is given to the figure and less to
ground.
2) Relevancy: People selectively perceive things that they consider
relevant to meet their needs and desires.
Q9.Discuss the principle of perceptual grouping?
1)Grouping: is based on the similarity of various stimuli perceived.
 2)Closure: When people face with incomplete information they tend to fill
the gaps themselves to make it more meaningful.
3)Simplification: When people find themselves overloaded with
information they try to simplify it to make more meaningful and
understandable.

Q10. What are the factors influencing perception? Explain?

1)Internal Facto (Endogenous): Need and Desire : Perception varies
depending upon variations in his /here needs and desires from time to
time. Personality: Secured individuals perceive themselves as liked
wanted and accepted by others. Experience : Experience and knowledge
serve as basis for perception.
2) External Factors (Exogenous ): Size :larger the object the more is the
probability that it is perceived. intensity: This states that the more the
intense the stimuli more likely it is to be perceived. Frequency I
Repetition: Repeated external stimulus is more attention getting than a
single one. Contra : The external stimulus which stands out against the
background will receive more attention. Status: People with high status
often exert more influence on the perception of an individual as compared
to those holding low status. movement: people pay more attention to a
moving object than the stationary ones.

11) Write a note on The Halo Effect?

Halo Effect: Drawing general impression a out an individual based on a
single characteristic or trait is called halo effect. Attribution: Explaining
human behavior in terms of cause and effect is called 'attribution.

12)explain Classical Conditioning theory of Learning?

Classical Conditioning grew out of experiments to teach dogs to salivate
in response to the ringing of a bell, conducted at the turn of the twentieth
century be a Russian physiologist. Ivan Pavlov .A simple surgical
procedure allowed Pavlov to measure accurately the amount of saliva
secreted be dog. When Pavlov presented the dog with a piece meat, the
dog exhibited a noticeable increase in salivation. When Pavlov withheld
the presentation of meat and merely rang a bell, the dog did not salivate.
Then Pavlov proceeded to link the meat and the ringing of the bell. After
repeatedly hearing the bell before getting the food, the dog began to
salivate as soon as the bell rang. After while ,the dog would salivate
merely at the sound of the bell. Even if no food was offered. In effect, the
dog had learned to respond -is the, to salivate-to the bell
13)explain Operant Conditioning theory of learning?
that the behavior is a function of its consequences. People learn to
behave to get something they want or to avoid something they don't want.

14) What are principles of learning? Explain?

15)discuss the components of attitudes?

16. Explain the function of attitudes?

1) The Adjustment function: Attitudes often help people adjust to their
work environment.
2) The Ego defensive function: Besides helping employees adjust
attitudes also help them defend their self-images.
3) The Value Expressive function :Attitudes provide people with a basis
for expressing their values.
4)The knowledge Function: Attitudes help supply standards and frames
of reference that allow people to organize and explain the world around
them.

17)discuss the way to change the attitudes?

1) Filling in the information: Barriers can be overcome and attitudes can
be changed by providing information.
2)Use of fear: Researches report that attitudes can changed by giving
fear.
3) Impact of peers: Persuasion by friends or peers can cause change on
attitude.

18.How attitudes are formed? Explain.

Attitude: Attitudes are evaluative statements-either favorable or
unfavorable Concerning Objects, people, or events. They reflect how one
feels about something. When I Say 'l like my job " I am expressing my
attitude about work.

19) Define and rite short note on?

1) Personality: personality means different things to different people. to
some it means one's charm, dress and attractiveness ,to others to means
a notary mode of response to life situation.
2)a attitude: Attitudes are evaluative statements-either favorable or
unfavorable-concerning objects or events.
3) Perception: 'perception can be defined as the process of receiving,
selecting, organizing, interpreting, checking and reacting to sensory
stimuli or data',
4) Individual Differences: people have much in common. but each person
in the ward is al so individually different.
5 ) Learning :learning is change in behavior as a result of experience.

20) Define motivation .Explain importance of motivation?

Motivation is an internal state that leads to the pursuit of objectives.
Personal motivation affects the initiation direction intensity and
persistence of effort.

21) write a ho note of the motivation tools?

Motivation tools are instruments that prompt people to action. Hence
while using motivational tools these should be adequate and capable
enough to motivate employees to make their maximum efforts to
accomplish the set goals. Various motivational tools used to motivate
employees in business organizations are broad classified into monetary
and non monetary tools or incentives.