You are on page 1of 14

!

" "
" # $ "" % &
" ' ( )" * (
" "
" " " "'
" % +,- (
% ) " " " "
" ( " .. $ & ' ..
$ & # % /0 " " 1µ
' 1. µ ) "
( " µ ( -

- ) "% "
2

" $ ( "
" & %( " " " 345
) "% " " ) "
% " $ 6 & * 03
7 8 $9. ' 9 .-: & " %
" " ' (
$ ) & ; " γ
) ) " )

... - :.. -

.. :.. .. .. ...
$ µ & 1µ 1. µ
+, < % +, , ( / -

" (

. .

3 - #
1.. =45 .. 345 1.. . 345
03

) " ) " " >


" " ( " " "
" ' "
' "

? : " ) " ) "


- " " " " " '.@

2
9.

. .1 ABC 12
AB C " 1.. ABC

$ABC &

1.. < " ) "

1. < ( ) "

:9 06' 1.. @

. .1 < ) "
. " (

; " ( D % E 06 : 9 ABC
" ( ) " )
F 5 "" ' "
" "G ( ( "
2. H " H ) "G
( ) "

% "% " " "


" ν " " " '
" " ν. $? 1& "" >
I J I. :πν

9.
9

3 " ν.
" "

ν ∆ L.

$' %& ( (" > "


$' & * " ∆ "
" ( ( . * (
" )
() ν=ν $" &
∂µ
$ & ≠.

$ &
! " ' K "
%" " ( " "
" ' " ν. "
" " ' K " " "

% " " $ &


%" ( % " ν "
" # ' " " #$

;(

% &

9
9:

* %" ' ) " $& $ &>


$ & #$ ' # J ν $" &

$ & ( $ = Φ µM Φ $ ≠ .

N $ &>
- " ($ #
(( " ( % ν "
"
-Φ Φ$ ' "

- " µM *
$ &
" " " ( ) "
" ) * " " )
" " " % /7
' ) % O P "" O -

' )
µ= + − − =
$ = + − − &
" " ( ( ) (
" " "
7 ) ! *
Q µ
µ) J )
µ J !
µ5 J *
K " ) ! *
N "" " '+ ) " ,- ""
.- " ""
)
µ= , - .- −
-

9:
91

Q µ ) "
.- " ) 0/ ) ! *
" (Q )
$ & $ & * " "
) $ ( & "
%
" % %" (
( " " ) ;. @
" " "
" ) "
) % N " ( ) "
" - ; " " "
) " " R " #
"% $ " ( & K % "D E D
( E ) K % > " % "" "
(

" %" $ ( &


" " >
- " ) " " "
" 7 %S "G
- " ( "
" " ) * ' " ( "
" " " ( '
( $ " &

91
9

+ ( " "" % R "


- ( " % > λ
" ν ( σ 0 $
"" " &>
ν
σ= =
λ
- " " ( G /. / "
" $ H& $
H& 0 >
/. − /
= ..
/.
/
= ..
/.
/.
0= .
/
0 " " '
( ( " $ & (" ' F - (
0=ε

ν, σ
λ
A ε 0 100

εmax
a t

λ 100 0
λmax
1 #)

ε ' " " "


- -
$$ ) ) ""

9
99

" "
$ &G ( " "

( +,- ( "" " "


0 J $λ& ε J $λ& ( ( K K " "
λ ) ) ( ε ) ε $? 9&

"

* " "%
" " " " " " % #
) " %" ) "

" ;-F " " ) (0 (2


$ & 02 $? T&
$ & "=

rA rB

MA G MB
O µ

rAB rAB

3( " 4

* K " " $ -'- K


/& T R µ (
) #' 02 >
/ = (0 :
0 + (2 :
2

99
9T

< " =>


+ 2
0
= 2
= 0

(2 (0 (0 + (2
+ 2
= (2 0

(0 + (2
0

+ 2
= (0 0

(0 + (2
2

( 0( 2
/= ( 0 + 2 ): = µ 02:
(0 + (2
" '>
( 0( 2
µ=
(0 + (2

# " " ;-; µ J (0C


:

! " $ %

5
" ( ( "
µ " ( ' $ " ;F

" " & # * µ "" ) ( θ φ


" %" " ) "( " 7 %S

$& 0 ) % "
" ( % / " % // 4>
:
6M = − ∆+
:
# J.G " µ )
" %" >
:
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂:
6M = − $ :
&+ $ θ &+
:µ :
∂ ∂ θ ∂θ ∂θ :
θ ∂φ :
* µ :
/>

9T
9U

:
∂ ∂ ∂:
6M = − $ θ &+
: / θ ∂θ ∂θ :
θ ∂φ :
PV: W X " " " " >

6M = 7M:
:/
$ & # "( " " ) "
" ' " "
>
7= ∧
* ' >
7=
7: = : : :
= : :
= / $: # &
7
7:
#=
:/
" % "' # ( 7 " "
" " "% $&

8 9
7 ' " " ) >

6M Ψ $θ ϕ & = #Ψ $θ ϕ &

7M: Ψ $θ ϕ & = #Ψ $θ ϕ &


:/
7M: "" "Q
' " " % //> %
%" : $θ,φ& " $ + & :
J
. : " "
( 9 P 'O : O Q 7* )
*
" " )" # (
" ; (; #
:; ( ; $θ ϕ &

7M::; ( ; $θ ϕ & = ; $ ; + &:; ( ; $θ ϕ &

9U
9

" ) Ψ >

; $ ; + & : Ψ $θ ϕ & = #Ψ $θ ϕ &


:/
N R #>
:
#= ; $; + & ;J. :
:/
*% " " :; O " " " "" )
(;

"

) " " " ? U7


:
2=
:/
#; "
# J. $; J .&
# J :2 $; J &
# J T2 $; J :&

) ; (B ; ( ; ( (
" % ($
( ( >

( $ = ; ( ; µM ; Y ( Y ; ≠ .

" ) %
O P ; F >
µ= 02

" " 02 7 J . "


" "
Q * " "" ) " " >

7 "
" >

9
92

($ = ; (; ;Y ( ;Y

* K " " Q "


) ! * " θ φ $ R
& ∆; J Z 7
; ;O $ ( &
;- $ " & " >
# ; + − # ; = 2$ ; + &$ ; + :& − 2; $ ; + & = : 2$ ; + &
" ;
2 > :2 2 T2 $ 4* ? &

B 3B
:.F - '

:F 1 -1 ' 1

TF : -: - . :

:F - .
. . .

<+ )

&!

( 4* # ( ( '
" " ( " " ;
" ( " 2> "
( ' ( 4* ' (
" "
" 5 ( $ 6= J :U[& "

92
T.

" ;4 ( 2
" "
... 8B 6B 4B 2B

cm-1

> 6=

" ( *%
" ) " <%
*% % "
" " "

?# & 5
&
@ A6* 4 B

T.
T

+ %
% ( "
? 2 " " "
5 # ( ( "" ("
< "% '
"

You might also like