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LIFE IS SHORT... MAKE FUN OF IT !
C H E N G A L P A T T U M E D I C A L C O L L E G E
F r o m t h e e d i t o r i a l b o a r d . . .
Hi Friends!
Hope you all had a great time going through Chemmag 2010 !
It is with a bittersweet feeling that we present before you this last issue
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The feeling that we have now is that of the parents sending away
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over the responsibility to our juniors, the Stalwartz, in the hope that
they continue the tradition and keep up the spirit. We wish them all
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HAPPY READING !
P.SUBRAMANI M.SOWMYA
MAGAZINE SECRETARY J T.MAGAZINE SECRETARY
DR.P.PARASAKTHI, M.D.,
VICE PRINCIPAL
TREASURER
DR.RAVI, M.D.,
DEPT. OF PATHOLOGY
STAFF ADVISORS
P.SUBRAMANI
M.SOWMYA
MEDNEWS 15
ECHO 21
Vomeronasal organ
Rodents and other mammals secrete chemical sig-
nals called pheromones that carry information about
their gender or reproductive state, and influence the be-
haviour of others. Pheromones are detected by a special-
ised sensory system, the vomeronasal organ (VNO),
which consists of a pair of structures that nestle in the
nasal lining or the roof of the mouth. Although most
adult humans have something resembling a VNO in
their nose, neuroscientist Michael Meredith of Florida State University in
Tallahassee has no hesitation in dismissing it as a remnant.
"If you look at the anatomy of the structure, you don't see any cells that look
like the sensory cells in other mammalian VNOs," he says. "You don't see
any nerve fibres connecting the organ to the brain." He also points to genetic
evidence that the human VNO is non-functional. Virtually all the genes that
encode its cell-surface receptors - the molecules that bind incoming chemical
signals, triggering an electrical response in the cell - are pseudogenes, and
inactive.
Goose bumps
Though goose bumps are a reflex rather than a per-
manent anatomical structure, they are widely considered
to be vestigial in humans. The pilomotor reflex, to give
them one of their technical names, occurs when the tiny
muscle at the base of a hair follicle contracts, pulling the
hair upright.
Goose bumps in humans may, however, have taken on a minor new role.
Like flushing, another thermoregulatory mechanism, they have become
linked with emotional responses - notably fear, rage or the pleasure, say, of
listening to beautiful music. This could serve as a signal to others. It may also
heighten emotional reactions: there is some evidence, for instance, that a mu-
sic-induced frisson causes changes of activity in the brain that are associated
with pleasure.
Darwin's point
Around the sixth week of
gestation, six swellings of tissue
called the hillocks of Hiss arise
around the area that will form the
ear canal. These eventually coa-
lesce to form the outer ear. Dar-
win's point, or tubercle, is a minor
malformation of the junction of the
fourth and fifth hillocks of Hiss.
It is found in a substantial
minority of people and takes the form of a cartilaginous node or bump on the
rim of their outer ear, which is thought to be the vestige of a joint that al-
lowed the top part of the ancestral ear to swivel or flop down over the open-
ing to the ear.
What's more, there are more than 100 medical reports of babies born with
tails. This atavism arises if the signal that normally stops the process of ver-
tebrate elongation during embryonic development fails to activate on time.
Wisdom teeth
Most primates have wisdom teeth (the third molars)
but a few species, have none. "These are probably
evolutionary dwarfs," says anthropologist Peter Lu-
cas of George Washington University, Washington
DC. He suggests that when the body size of mam-
mals reduces rapidly their jaws become too small to
house all their teeth, and overcrowding eventually
results in selection for fewer or smaller teeth). This seems to be happening
in Homo sapiens.
The Obesity is not just a massive burden of fats on your body but
there are lots of fun facts and interesting facts related to this ....
• Many researchers have proven this thing that the obesity
brings huge risks of chronic diseases; they may include hyper-
tension, Type II Diabetes, stroke, cardiovascular diseases and
others. Some major and dangerous forms of cancer are also as-
sociated with Obesity.
CAPGRAS DELUSION
The Capgras delusion is a mental condition in
which the sufferer comes to believe that
someone close to him -- typically a spouse or
family member -- has been replaced by an
identical imposter. The sufferer may con-
tinue to live peacefully (though distrustfully)
with the "imposter," or he may violently at-
tack the loved one. Some people with Capgras
delusion even second-guess their own
reflections. The condition is typically caused
by brain injury or mental illness like
schizophrenia and dementia.
STENDHAL SYNDROME
Stendhal syndrome is the name given to a feeling
of anxiety -- dizziness, confusion, rapid
heartbeat, even hallucinations and fainting --
upon seeing beautiful works of art. The
overwhelming sensation can come from the
exceptional beauty of one particular piece of art
or from the abundance of art in one location.
The condition is most widely associated with the
art of Florence, Italy, although it has been
applied to similar reactions to overwhelming
beauty of any type.
Still, the similarities between love and substance abuse are unde-
niable. Love is as strong of a pleasurable experience as cocaine
or other drugs of abuse, and obsessively seeking love’s “high” is
no less harmful than that of a drug.
Similar to other addicts, love addicts will seek out one relation-
ship right after another, will compartmentalize relationships from
different areas of his or her life, and will have a high tolerance
for risky behavior. While a clinical diagnosis for love addiction
has not been defined, many clinicians do recognize the signs and
characteristics that so closely resemble substance and behavior
abuse diagnoses.
The Keio team use the same hardware to squirt scent. Working with
printer maker Canon, they converted the guts of an off-the-shelf printer
into what they call an olfactory display, capable of rapidly switching
between four aromas.
The next step is to work out how to automatically sync scents with pic-
tures. If it works, a single ink-jet machine might serve as both printer
and odour projector •
Faking it
Kenneth Shea of the University of California at Irvine led the team
which made melittin antibodies through a process called molecular imprint-
ing. They used a catalyst to stimulate polymers to form around molecules of
bee venom, then dissolved away the venom itself, leaving empty cavities
with the exact shape to trap melittin.
Shea injected these tiny plastic nanoparticles into mice 20 seconds after
they'd been injected with bee venom, 60 per cent survived whereas all the
untreated mice died. The plastic antibodies were then destroyed by the liver.
"We conclude that imprinted polymer nanoparticles efficiently capture melit-
tin in the bloodstream," say Shea and his colleagues.
Plastic copycats
Philipp Holliger of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge,
UK, said that the plastic antibodies do perform some of the functions of natu-
ral antibodies – capturing toxins and sending them to the liver for destruction.
"These properties should make them attractive alternatives to antibodies in
antidote anti-toxin treatments," he says.
15 CHEMVIBES, NOV 2010
However, Holliger doubts whether they could perform other important func-
tions of natural antibodies, such as priming the body's immune system to
fight future infections. Unlike natural antibodies, they are not equipped to
communicate with other cells and components of the immune system •
Existing neural interfaces are electronic, using metal components that may be
rejected by the body. Now Marc Christensen at Southern Methodist University
in Dallas, Texas, and colleagues are building sensors to pick up nerve signals
using light instead. They employ optical fibres and polymers that are less
likely than metal to trigger an immune response, and which will not corrode.
The sensors are currently in the prototype stage and too big to put in the body,
but smaller versions should work in biological tissue, according to the team.
Whisper light
The sensors are based on spherical shells of a polymer that changes shape in
an electric field. The shells are coupled with an optical fibre, which sends a
beam of light travelling around inside them.
The way that the light travels around the inside of the sphere is called a
"whispering gallery mode", named after the Whispering Gallery in St Paul's
Cathedral, London, where sound travels further than usual because it reflects
along a concave wall.
Signals could be carried in the other direction by shining infrared light directly
onto a nerve – this is known to stimulate nerves – guided by a reflector at the
tip of the optical fibre.
Robert Edwards, pictured holding the world's first test tube baby,
Louise Brown, who was born on July 25, 1978
"As early as the 1950s, Edwards had the vision that IVF could be useful as a
treatment for infertility," which affects about 10 percent of all couples world-
wide, the committee said. "He worked systematically to realize his goal, dis-
covered important principles for human fertilization, and succeeded in accom-
plishing fertilization of human egg cells in test tubes (or more precisely, cell
culture dishes).
His efforts were finally crowned by success on 25 July, 1978, when the
world's first 'test tube baby' was born," the committee said. Louise Brown,
who was born in Oldham, northern England, has since married and given birth
to a son, who was conceived naturally.
His work has led to the birth of about four million babies, the committee
said in praising his work.
Last year's prize for medicine went jointly to three United States researchers
for solving "a major problem in biology," the Nobel Committee said.
HEALTH TIP
Change your showerhead once a year.
The researchers took blood samples from 195 individuals whose ages ranged
from a few weeks to 80 years. After extracting DNA from the sample, they am-
plified it using the polymerase chain reaction to generate billions of copies of
DNA fragments called sjTRECs, or "signal joint T-cell receptor
rearrangement excision circles".
These fragments are produced as by-products when the receptors of in-
fection-fighting T-cells rearrange themselves to become more diverse and bet-
ter at combating foreign agents in the blood by deleting pieces of their DNA.
People are known to have fewer sjTRECs as they age.
After the assessing the sjTREC level in each sample and comparing it with the
donor's age, Kayser says he can accurately predict what 20-year age bracket,
from birth to 80 years, a new blood sample belongs to .
Kayser says this method is more accurate than previous DNA-based age tests,
such as those that analyse mitochondrial DNA deletions, which cannot detect
ages below 20 years old. Other methods also need more intact DNA. The team
also found that the technique works on blood samples up to 18 months old. If,
as they hope, it is accurate for even older samples, it could be useful for solv-
ing past crime cases where blood was collected.
As it stands, the test has its limitations, says Peter Gill, a former principal research
scientist at the Forensic Science Service in the UK. "Although this test is a useful
thing to have in the armoury, it would be a lot more practical if the age brackets
could be narrowed down to about five years," he says.
Virulent virus
Infecting the
Brilliant brains and
Examining eyes of
Serene souls of students and staff of CHMC.
-Parthiban, Celestians
-D.Saranya , Stalwartz.
-R.Siddharthan, Celestians.
-Shanmugapriya, Celestians.
-R.Aishwarya,Zenfoz.
-Jeevagan, Stalwartz.
Nurse: Zero.
Wife: But he kicks chairs and eats grass and do not even sleep in the
bed.
Psychiatrist: Well, in that case, it looks like he may need a lot of help,
but it may cost quite a lot of money for prolonged treatment.
Wife: Oh you don't have to worry about the money part. Last
Sunday, my husband won the horse race!
1. Carbimazole D. Agranulocytosis
2. Spironolactone C. Gynaecomastia
3. Prednisolone A. Osteoporosis
4. Erythromycin B. Long QT interval
A. Yes 12%
B. No 88%