CAMPAIGN BOOKLET No.

THE TEXAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

AND
THE US - MEXICAN WAR 1846-48

Introduction

The intention of this booklet is t o provide wargamers with the details of uniforms,
flags and unit organisation they require t o refight these conflicts between two nations
of the New World. I t also gives a simple guide t o the most suitable figures available
from our ranges.
Happy wargaming!

The QRF / Freikorps team, (Chas, Geoff, Jan, Les, Sarah, 8 Paul).

Acknowledgements
Cameron W Robinson
Text and research ... D Alsop, C W Robinson
Artwork ... J Donaldson
Additional help and guidance, Greg Novak.

Published by FreiKorps 15
Copyright 0 1 9 8 3 Frei Korps 15
First edition 1983
Second edition 1985
Third Edition 2006 Copyright LKM Direct Ltd.

Also available in this series -

CAMPAIGN BOOKLET No.2 THE MAXIMILIAN WAR 1861-67
THE TEXAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

Introduction

This war is probably best known to most garners through the Hollywood exploits of
the defenders of the Alamo. There were, however, a number of encounters that
lend themseves to both skirmish and set piece games.

TEXANS

The Texan insurgent's army had no uniform. Officers wore swords if they owned one,
and some attempts were made by some officers to show their rank with sashes,
silver star badges, etc.

The only uniformed group present a t the Alamo was the "New Orleans Greys". Other
than the color, nothing of the style is known. I t probably resembled MX 10.

THE MEXICAN ARMY

The Mexican army at the Alamo Was composed of regular infantry, regular artillery,
and
cavalry of the line and of the presidia1 companies. Details are summarized below.

LINE INFANTRY (MX 2 5 )

Dark blue coats with red collar, cuffs and turnbacks. Trousers white or mid-blue with
red piping. Shakos were black with gilt badges and straps. Grenadier companies may
have been distinguished by red bands on the top of the shako and red cord. Light
companies might be similarly distinguished by green details. Shako pompoms could
be either a distinguishing colour for each company or in the Mexican green-white-red
tricolour. Belts were white.

The ZAPADORES (Sapper battalion), who were used as assault troops at the Alamo,
wore dark blue tunics with black collar, cuffs, lapels and turnbacks, all piped in red.

Helmet of Jalisco Lancers

INFANTRY I N FATIGUES (MX 3)

Some of the infantry units may have worn the regulation shako with white fatigue
suits like those of the peasantry. NCOs were distinguished by red epaulettes and gold
bands on the shako. Officers wore gold epaulettes and gorgets. Stable caps were
dark blue and could be piped in red or Red and yellow. (Use MX 26)

ARTILLERY

Had dark blue coats with crimson collar, cuffs and turnbacks. Shako were as
For infantry with crimson pompoms.

Short red coats (or green for Territorial cavalry units) faced green, with green
saddlecloths piped white. Territorial cavalry had red facings and saddle cloths.
Trousers were either grey or blue with a red stripe. Helmets were black leather with
white metal fittings and black horsehair crests. Plumes were in the Mexican tricolor.

PRESIDIAL COMPANIES (MX 6)

Blue coats and trousers with red trim and black hats and belts.

GENERALS (MX 8 & 38)

Santa Anna wore a mid-blue jacket with gold braid and epaulettes, white trousers,
and a tricolour or white plume in his hat. Collar and cuffs were red, laced with gold.
Sash light blue or green and white, worn over the shoulder or round the waist with
the medallion attached a t hip level.
ORDERS OF BATTLE

Anahuac 2gthJune 1835.

Texicans - William Barret Travis. 25 men, 1 cannon.

Mexican - 1Officer, 44 men

Gonzales 2"dOctober 1835.

Texicans 160 men, 1 old Brass cannon (3pdr)

Mexicans - 100 Dragoons.

Mission Conception 27thOct 1835.

Texicans -Jim Bowie and men.

Mexicans - 400 Cavalry andsome artillery.

Seiue of San Antonio - Oct to Dec 1835

Texicans - Edward Burleson, 200 men (could vary) and guns captured at Mission
Coneption. Juan Seguin, 100 men.

Mexicans - General Cos, 1400 men and more than 20 cannon.

Assault of San Antonio 7th Dec 1835.

Texicans - 2 columns, one led by Ben Milam, the other by Francis W Johnson.

Mexicans - fell back to the Alamo, then surrendered.

Armv of Operations Aaainst Texas Januarv 1836.

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna with 50 staff.

Vanauard Briaade - General Joaquin Ramirez y Sesma.

Infantrv - Jimenez Battalion, Matamoros Battalion, San Luis Battalion.

Cavalrv - Dolores Regiment, Veracruz Regiment.

Artillery - 2 x 8pdrs, 2 x Gpdrs, 2 x 4pdrs, 2 x 7" Howitzers.

First Infantrv Briaade - Brig. General Antonio Gaona.

Aldama Battalion, Queretaro Reserve Battalion, Toluca

Reserve Battalion, GuanajuatoAuxiIiaries, Presidia1
Infantry, Sapper Battalion
Artillery - 2 x 12pdrs, 2 X 6pdrs, 2 x 4pdrs

Second Infantrv briaade -Brigadier General Eugenio Tolsa.

Morelos Battalion,
GuerreroBattalion,
Mexico Reserve Battalion,
Tres Villas Reserve Battalion,
Guadalajara Reserve Battalion.

Cavalrv - Presidia1 Cavalry.

Artillery - 2 x 8pdrs, 2 x 4pdrs, 2 x 7" Howitzer

Urrea's Division - Brig. Gen. Jose Urrea.

Infantrv -Yucatan Reserve Battalion plus 40 men from various units of the army.

Cavalry - Cuautla Regiment

Tamico Regiments
Durango Reserve Squadron
Guanajuato Auxiliaries
Tamaulipas
Nuevo Leon Reserves
PresidiaTroops ( 8 men).

Artillerv - 1 x 4 ~ d r s
Cavalry Brigade - Brig. General Juan Jose de Andrade.
Tampico Reserve Regiment
Guanajuato Reserve Regiment.

Commissarv and Army Tail - 6 gun carriages, 2 field forges, 2 coaches, 1800 mules,
233 oxen 200 ox-drawn two-wheeled carts, 33 mule-drawn four-wheeled wagons,
plus wives, children, merchants etc.

San Patrico 2ndMarch 1836.

Texicans - Dr Grant, 50 men

Mexicans - General Urrea's Division.
The Alamo 23rd February to 6thMaarch 1836.

Texicans - Col, Jim Bowie, Col. William B Travis, Col. Davy Crockett, 150 men,
reinforced by George Kimbell with 25 men. 1 x 18pdrs, 5 x 12pdrs, 4 x 8pdrs, 3 x
6pdrs, 4 x 4pdrs, 1 x light gun.

Mexicans - Assault Force 6thMarch 1836

Column - General Cos, Aldama Battalion (minus Grenadier Coy).

lSt
100 best men of first three Fusilier Coys of San Luis Battalion, 10 ladders, 2
crowbars & 2 hatchets.

2ndColumn - Col. Duque, Toluca Battalion (minus Grenadiers)

100 best men of 4th, sthl & 6th Fusillier Coys of San Luis Battalion, 10 ladders, 2
crow-Bars and 2 hatchets.

3rd Column - Col. Romero, Fusilier Coy (10) of Matamoros and Jimenez Battalions, 6
ladders.

4th Column - Col. Morales, Cazadore Coys (3) of Matamoros, Jimenez and San Juis
Battalion 2 ladders.

Reserves - Col. Amat, command then taken over by Santa Anna just before the
assault. Zapadore Battalion, Grenadier Coys of all 5 Infantry Battalions.

Goliad - l g t hMarch 1836

Texicans - Col. Fanin, 400 men.
Mexicans - General Urrea's division

San Jancinto 21StApril 1836

Texicans - Major General Sam Houston

Artillery 2 x 6pdrs (the Twin Sisters), 33 men, 4 officers.

Cavalry - Commander Mirabeau Lamar, 7 officers, 50 men (made up of Coy. 3, znd

Texas Volunteers and Deaf Smith's Spy Company).

Texas Reaular Infantrv Battalion - Lt. Col. Henry Millard, 12 officers, 181 men (made
up of US Army regulars on leave. Companies A & B were made up of these.)

Texas Volunteer Infantrv Reaiment - Col. Edward Burleson, 6 coys, 16 officers,

lSt
301 men.

2ndTexas Volunteer Infantry Reaiment - Col. Sidney Sherman, 8 or 9 companies, 24

officers, 302 men.
Mexicans - General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, 750 men, reinforced by General
Cos with 400 men after a forced march on 2oth April.

(We regret the lack of details of the Mexican force but Santa Anna managed to break
his army up to chase Texicans all over Texas.)
THE US - MEXICAN WAR 1846 - 48

ORGANISATION OF U N I T S 1 8 4 6 - 1848
US INFANTRY

Regiments had ten companies, one designated as Grenadiers and one as Light
Infantry. I n practice the difference between the companies was largely ignored.

The regimental staff had a Colonel (as commander), a Lieutenant - Colonel (as
second in command), a Major, a Lieutenant - (Adjutant), a Quartermaster
Lieutenant, a Quartermaster Sergeant, a Sergeant Major and two Musicians.

Each company had a Captain (commanding), a First -Lieutenant, two Second

Lieutenants, four Sergeants, four Corporals, two musicians and one hundred rank
and file. Women were often carried on the muster rolls as "Laundresses". Officially
three were authorized. Various sutlers, cantiniers, officers' servants etc. were also
present in some units.

However, volunteer units often had fewer companies or smaller establishments. I n

Mexico the army was usually under- strength and companies might contain fewer
men.
The US Regiments of Voltigeurs used infantry organization. The various regular units
(e.g. artillery units) used as infantry were formed into companies of one hundred
men but usually contained fewer companies than the infantry.

US CAVALRY

Cavalry regiments had ten companies as for infantry. The Mounted Rifles also had
ten companies; only two served mounted.

US ARTILLERY

Artillery were organized in companies, each corresponding to a battery. Batteries has

six guns originally, but in Mexico often added odd captured pieces or guns of
different caliber.
MEXICAN INFANTRY

(This organisation was also used in the Texan war). Each Mexican regiment had two
Battalions each of eight companies including one grenadier and one light company
used as skirmishers.

Regimental staff should have been - a Colonel (commanding), a Lieutenant -

Colonel, a commandant (as adjutant), two second adjutants, two lieutenants, two
sub - Lieutenants (as ensigns), two Surgeons, two chaplains, two musicians, one
section (sixteen men) of pioneers, two armourers, a regimental tailor, a regimental
baker, a blacksmith and a mason. Given the usual Mexican chaos it is unlikely that
this pattern was followed in every case.

The battalions were organized as follows.

Each company had a captain (Commanding), a lieutenant, two sub-lieutenants, one

first sergeant, four second sergeants, and nine corporals and had three or four
musicians.

Service strength and organisation varied widely, Militia units forming a single
battalion had a smaller staff (often commanded by a Lieutenant - Colonel).

The two Mexican Grenadier regiments were unique in having a single battalion
establishment but using much larger company strength. Eight companies each had
one Captain, (commanding), four Lieutenants, five Sergeants, three Musicians,
twelve Corporals, and one hundred and twenty-five privates, Regimental staff was a
Colonel, a Lieutenant-Colonel, three Adjutants, an Armourer-Sergeant, a Surgeon, a
Chaplin and two "chefs de musique".

Light infantry had the same organization as the line. The Volunteers of Saint Patrick
saw service late in the war as a special infantry unit (classed as "territorial militia")
of two 100 man companies (organized as for regular infantry companies.)

The Presidia1 companies used infantry organization for their independent companies.

MEXICAN CAVALRY

Most regiments were formed into four squadrons each of two companies. The
regimental staff had a Colonel (commanding), A lieutenant colonel, two
commandants (as squadron Commanders ) ,four lieutenant- Adjutants four ensigns,
one Chaplain, one surgeon, a First sergeant, three servants , two principal musicians
. One saddler, one Armourer, one tailor, one carpenter, one cobblers, one baker and
one mason.

Companies had one captain (commanding when not in action), one lieutenant, two
Ensigns one First Sergeant, three Sergeants, nine Corporals, two Musicians and fifty
two privates (plus eight who served dismounted and were not part of the combat
strength).

All kinds of variations were common - for example the Jalisco Lancers had only two
Squadrons. Militia Cavalry were often formed into ad-hoc Squadrons by combining a
number of companies of varying sizes.

SANTA ANNA'S HAT

UNIFORMS OF UNITS 1846-48

The American Infantrv.

The sixteen regiments of Infantry fought the Mexican War in thier fatigue dress. This
was a light blue, and with i t was worn a dark blue forage cap. Belts were white,
haversacks black, bread bags and canteens varied. Sergeants wore a white stripe on
the trousers and a red waist sash. Officer's frock coats were dark blue, trousers light
blue with a white stripe. Blankets rolls, when worn, were of various colours.

I n addition t o the regular infantry, units of volunteers were raised from many States.
Many of the regulars, as well as the volunteers discarded their uniforms and adopted
unofficial details of some uniform

Artillerv Units.

Regular artillerymen served as infantry. Uniform was as for infantry but trousers
and sometimes forage caps had red stripes, gaining them the nickname "red legged
infantry".

Dismounted Cavalrv

Dismounted cavalry wore the costume of the regular cavalry or mounted rifles, with
infantry equipment.

US Reaiment of Voltiaeurs and Foot Riflemen.

Formed during the war as an elite regular unit, their uniform was t o have been dark
grey but of the same cut as the regulars' light blue fatigues. However, during the war
the regiment was unable to obtain supplies of the grey uniform and wore dark blue
instead. The grey uniform had yellow piping on the jacket, but it is not known if the
yellow trim was worn in the dark blue uniforms.

AMERICAN VOLUNTEER UNITS

Jeff Davis' Mississippi Rifles. ( M X 1 & MX 11)

Formed by the future President of the Confederacy, the Rifles wore red shirts, white
trouser and black broad-brimmed hats and white crossbelts.

7th N e w Y o r k Reaiment (MX12)

Raised specially for the expedition to California, the 7th NY wore dark blue coats with
red cuffs and collar patches, grey-blue trousers with red stripes and a tall crowned
cap of blue cloth piped with yellow. Straps were white.

The M o r m o n Battalion (MX11)

Formed almost exclusively of Mormons seeking a new promised land in the far west.
They were on the Expedition to Santa Fe and later proceeded by California. They
wore dark blue of grey trousers, grey, blue or red shirts, white cross-belts and
broad-brimmed hats.

I n d e p e n d e n t Washinaton DC Rifle Company- dark blue jackets and pants.

Pennsvlvania Volunteers- uniformed as regulars.

lSt

S o u t h Carolina Volunteers - check shirts, soft hats and caps, non-regulation

lSt
trousers.

Kentuckv Volunteer I n f a n t r v - all dark blue with "glazed" caps or slouch hats.

3rdKentuckv I n f a n t r v -

Unable to find dark blue cloth and adopted "butternut" short jackets and trousers
instead.

2 nd I l l i n o s i s Volunteers- wore a uniform like the regulars, but added yellow braid
across the chest.

lSt I n d i a n a Volunteers- all dark grey-blue uniform with white braid at the chest
with white trousers stripes.

5th I n d i a n a Volunteers- all dark grey-blue but with no white piping.

Marshal's Kentuckv Cavalrv - wore slouch hats turned up into tricorns (and
trimmed with lace) and thigh boots.

Doniphan's Missouri Mounted Volunteers-wore buckskin and leather almost

exclusively. Doniphan MAY have owned a uniform.

Ohio Infantrv-various grey or blue jackets (differing by company) usually with red
or yellow trim.
I n d i a n a I n f a n t r y - T h e state suggested dark grey-blue uniforms but only the 4th
Indiana seems t o have worn them. 3rd Indiana wore "bright blue jeans" and jackets
in the same material.

B a t t e r v A M i s s o u r i L i q h t A r t i l l e r v - used a red band on the forage cap and red

collar to the jacket with red stripes on the trousers.

O t h e r Units.

Partial descriptions are available for the following-

2 nd M ~ S S ~ S S ~
Rifles
D D ~ wore red shits. No other details.

Baltimore - Washinston V o l u n t e e r s - wore regulars' Uniform.

Sailors.

The naval personnel engaged in the California Column and in the "Mosquito Fleet"
wore standard naval landing rig- black hat (glazed), dark blue short jacket
with white collar and black neck scarf, blue or whitelcream trousers. Contemporary
drawings of Stockton's column show the sailors in all dark blue/Grey with black hats.
Blue or white shirts worn under the jacket could have their large collars turned out
over the jacket. Jackets could have rank badges and decorations of white thread,
and buttons were brass.

US VOLUNTEER OFFICER'S
CARlTIDGE BOX

T h e A m e r i c a n Cavalrv.

The American army started the war with two regiments of regular cavalry called
Dragoons. Uniform was a dark blue shell jacket, light blue trousers with yellow
stripes for privates and corporals and double yellow stripes for all higher ranks.
Jackets had yellow piping on edges and back seams, collar (including two ornamental
"button holes") and cuffs. Trumpeters wore yellow braid on the chest. Forage caps
were dark blue. The 2ndDragoons seem to have adopted yellow or light orange bands
on the forage caps, (without authority.) Belts and haversacks were white. Officers'
sashes were a dull orangelred. Saddle blankets were pale blue. Rolled greatcoats,
pale blue, were worn a t the front of the saddle and black or dark blue blanket rolls at
the back.
A third Dragoon regiment was raised a t the end of 1846 and saw service. I t is
believed t o have worn regulation dress.

The regular army's other mounted regiment was the Reaiment of Mounted Riflemen.
Only two companies of the unit served mounted because of lack of horses. The
uniform was all dark blue with a black strip edged yellow on the trousers. Coats were
piped yellow as for cavalry. Forage caps had a gilt eagle on the front. Belts were
white. Horse furniture was as for regular dragoons

Numerous volunteer cavalry units were formed during the war. Most wore civilian
dress with crossbelts etc. Most opted for buckskin or red shirts and other elements of
frontier dress.

One of the more exotic units in Scott's army was the "Mexican SDY C o m ~ a n y "(use
MX35) it consisted of two or three small units, mainly disaffected Mexican citizens.
Most of these men wore native dress, but late in the campaign uniform coats of
green faced with red (taken from Mexican cavalry stocks) were issued. The unit was
primarily a "recce" and courier unit but also served as contra-guerillas.

The American Artillerv.

The American armies in Mexico were unable to provide guns for most of their
artillerymen and so many fought as infantry. The batteries which served in the war
mostly wore infantry - style fatigues with red bands on the forage caps and red
stripes on the trousers. "Light" batteries which saw service in differing dress were
Ringgold's, Taylor's, Duncan's and Washington's. Originally issued with a distinctive
uniform including plumed shako, these batteries were reduced to a mixture of this
dress and regular uniforms. The original dark blue coats with red facings were
probably still in use with forage caps and red striped trousers as late as Buena Vista.
The Washinaton Artillery Battery of New Orleans had similar coats but it is not known
if they were worn in the field.

US Com~anvof S a ~ ~ e r Miners
s, and Pontoniers.

This elite 100 men company served as road builders, engineers and scouts. I n the
field they wore dark blue coats with black trim, light blue trousers with black stripes
and dark blue forage caps. White trousers could also be worn.

The Staff

Staff wore dark blue frock coats with either dark blue or whitelgrey trousers. Field
officers wore double breasted frock coats (as opposed to the company officers' single
breasted coats). Undress caps were largely worn in service.
Generals had buff sashes and buff stripes on the trousers.

Variations on Reaulation dress.

On campaign much regulation dress was abandoned. Shirts largely white, grey and
especially red, were worn by troops of all arms, as were "slouch" hats and
sombreros. Ponchos were also widely adopted. Volunteers, especial Texans, wore a
vast assortment of buckskins, leather and \Mexican costume.

The Mexican Infantrv.

 At the beginning of the war the Mexican Infantry consisted of twelve line regiments -
three light regiments and nine militia regiments. A fourth light regiment was raised
at the beginning of the war. However in December 1847 this organisation was
revised and twenty line regiments were formed from the existing troops. Each
regiment of infantry had two battalions of eight companies. Individual regiments
were identified by a combination of different collars, cuffs lapel etc. The variations
are set out on the next
page.

The Mexican Regular Army was issued with a white fatigue costume, cut like the
normal fatigues, for hot weather. However there is no evidence that this white outfit
was worn in any of the campaigns. The forage cap would sometimes be covered with
a black oilskin cover. Trousers were either dark blue or white. Shakos had gilt plates;
top bands were black, yellow or red. Pompoms were either the Mexican tricolour
(green, white and red) or by company. Barrack caps1 were as for the Texan war.
Packs were black, rolled greatcoats were blue or grey, and leather equipment was
white.

The first three light infantry regiments wore identical uniforms of dark blue coats
with deep red facings (an alternative source gives medium blue with red piping).
Trousers were grey. The fourth regiment was given a unique uniform of dark blue
jacket and trousers with green collars and red cuffs, turnbacks and lapels piped
white. Shako pompoms were green. Trousers had red piping. Leather equipment was
black.

MEXICAN INFANTRY REGIMENTS

( Regiment Coat 1 Collar I
Turnbacks 1 I Cuff 1 Cuff Flaps 1 Piping 1
And
Lapels
1ST Dark blue Red Yellow Red Red Yellow
2ND Dark blue Sky blue Red Red Red Reverse
3RD Dark blue Sky blue Crimson Crimson Crimson Reverse
qTH Dark blue Sky blue Red Sky blue Red White
sTH Dark blue Red Red Sky blue Red Sky blue
gTH Dark blue Crimson White Crimson Crimson Reverse
7TH Dark blue Green None Green Crimson Crimson
gTH Dark blue Red Sky blue Red Sky blue Reverse
9TH Dark blue Buff Purple Purple Buff Reverse
1oTH Dark blue Red Purple Purple Red Buff
1lTH White Sky blue Sky blue Sky blue Red Reverse
12TH Dark blue Buff Buff Buff Red Reverse

Note - "reverse colors' implies that the collar is piped with the color of the lapels,
And the lapels with the color of the collar etc.
--

I
Barrack caps were worn as often as shakos.
 MEXICAN CAVALRY REGIMENT
Regt Coat Collar Turnba Cuffs Cuff Piping Trouser Saddle
ck Flaps s Cloths
&
Lapels
lStGreen Green Yellow Green Yellow Yellow Grey Red
znd Yellow Sky Sky Sky Sky Revers Blue Blue
blue blue blue blue e
3rd Blue Green White Green Green Revers Blue Green

4th I Sky I Red I Red I Red I Red 1 Revers 1 Blue I Green

I blue 1e
5th I Blue I Red I Red I Red I Red 1 Revers 1 Blue I Red
e
6th Green White White White Red Revers Green Red
1 e
7th 1 Crimso 1 Green I Green I Green I Green 1 Crimso 1 Green I Sky
n n blue
8th Blue White Red Red White Revers Blue Green
e
gth green Crimso Crimso Crimso Crimso White Dark Green
n n n n blue

All trousers have a red stripe and all saddlecloths are piped in white. The lst
Regiment (and possibly Some of the others) wore helmets - black with brass trim
and red plume. Others wore shakos with Brass plates and tricolor pompoms.
Buglers wore black helmets with silver fittings and tricolor Pompoms.

Some illustrations show light infantry in a costume like that of the US Infantry but
in grey, trimmed red.

The majority of the militia infantry wore dark blue coats with red facings etc. And
light blue trousers with a red stripe.

The Mexican army was also noteworthy for the large variety of "Special" units
each with its own distinctive dress. A summary of some of this is given below.

Grenadier Guards of the S u ~ r e m ePower.

This was an elite Militia unit of 1200 men (rather than the normal battalion
strength of around 800). The bearskin was black fur with brass plate and fittings,
scarlet coat with sky blue collar, cuffs and cuff flaps (all piped white). White lapels
with yellow lace buttonholes and yellow epaulettes. Sky blue trousers with yellow
piping and black leather equipment.

Grenadiers of Toluca

This was another Militia unit, wearing almost the same uniform as the above but
substituting gold lace and piping and gold epaulettes.
Zauadores (Sappers).

Still used as an elite combat unit the Zapadores had black bearskin caps, dark
blue coats with all trim in red, bluelgrey trousers with red stripe.

Reaular Standina Battalion of Mexico.

Black shako with brass plate, gold lace around the crown, tricolour pompom (red
for Grenadiers, green for Rifle Company) White coat with no lapels, green collar,
cuffs, cuff flaps and turnbacks all piped red. Light blue trousers with red stripe.

Veteran Infantrv Coastauard C o m ~ a n i e s

Dark blue coat with lapels the same; cuffs, collar etc red, white trousers.

Marine Infantrv Reaiment

Black shako with gilt plate and green plume. Dark green coat with same colour
collar and cuffs piped crimson. Crimson lapels with yellow buttonholes. Yellow lace
on cuffs and yellow epaulettes. Crimson trousers with yellow stripe. White leather
equipment.

Standina Battalion of the California's, and Standina Companies of Mexico

Uniform as for Militia but Californians had dark blue trousers piped red and yellow
piping on jackets. Other companies were similar but with all dark blue coats piped
red and white trousers.

Volunteers of Saint Patrick.

Two companies formed of deserters from the American army and largely Irish
Catholics (also served as artilleryme.). Dark blue coats with red lapels etc. all
piped yellow. Sky blue trousers with red stripe.

The Mexican Cavalrv

Considered by observers to be amongst the finest cavalry in the world, the

Mexican Mounted arm in 1846-48 Consisted of the following units.

Nine regiments of regular cavalry (numbered 1-9) plus the following named units:
The Light Mounted Regiment of Mexico
Tulancingo Cuirassiers
Hussars of the Guard of the Supreme Powers
Jaliso Lancers
The Mounted Rifles
the Presidia1 Cavalry Companies
six militia regiments
 The distinguished features of the line cavalry units are given on previous charts.

The Militia Reqiments and the Liqht Mounted Reaiment

Wore the same uniform of sky blue jackets with scarlet lapels etc. Trousers were
dark blue with scarlet stripes, saddle cloths were sky blue with dark blue piping.

The Tulancinqo Cuirassiers:

Brass cuirasses and helmets with white metal decoration and black plumes and
tricolour pompom. Coats were sky blue with crimson collar etc piped white and
silver epaulettes. Crimson trousers with sky blue stripes and white leather
equipment. Sky blue saddle cloths piped white.

Hussars of the Guard of the S u ~ r e m epower2

Conventional Hussar style, black busby with red bag piped white, and white cords,
red dolman with ice blue collar and cuffs and white lacing on chest. Ice blue
pelisse trimmed with black fur, white lace on breast. Ice blue trousers with white
stripe. Black sabretache piped white, white leather work. Red saddle blanket piped
white and ice blue saddle roll piped white. This unit was armed with lances.

The Jalisco lancers

Black leather czapska with red top and brass fittings. Yellow falling plume and
cords. Red coat with lapels etc all dark green piped red. Yellow epaulettes. Dark
blue trousers with red stripe. White leather equipment and green saddle cloth
piped white.

The Mounted Rifles

Black busby with crimson bag piped white and brass plate. Crimson plume. Dark
-
green coat with collar etc. I n crimson piped white? White frogging on breast.
Green trousers with crimson stripe Calvary boots. Green saddle cloth piped
crimson. White leather equipment.

Presidial Companies of California (six c o m ~ a n i e s )

Black hats with white band. Blue coats with red collar and cuffs, grey trousers,
brown leather equipment.

Presidial C o m ~ a n i e s of Texas (eiaht c o m ~ a n i e s l and New Mexico (three

companies]

As above but with blue trousers saddle cloths etc were non- regulation.

The Mexican Artillerv

Dark blue coats and trousers. Mounted artillerymen had cavalry breeches. Collars
and cuffs, turnbacks and piping were crimson, lapels black with yellow lace.

use ASY 1 1 from Seven Years War range

Officers did not wear lapels. Shakos were black with gold bands and plates, and
crimson pompom.

Cadets of the Military Academy of Mexico

Dark blue coats and trousers with red lapels, collar, cuffs etc. piped white.
Trousers had red stripes. Barracks caps were dark blue with red trim. However,
many Mexican illustrators show the cadets in bluelgrey coats with white trousers
and grey/blue/red barracks caps.

The Staff

Mexican Generals of Division or Brigade mostly wore uniforms of their own

devising. The basic was dark blue coat with scarlet collar, turnbacks etc all
covered with gold lace. Gold epaulettes, dark blue trousers with gold stripes. Sky
blue sash for Division General; green for brigade General, both covered in gold
thread. Hat with tricolour feather plumes and gold lace. Saddle cloths blue with
gold. Generals could also wear civilian clothes.

ORDER OF BAlTLE

TAYLOR'S CAMPAIGN

Palo Alto a n d Resaca d e l a Palma - May 7th& sth1846.

US Armv General Zachary Taylor

3rd, 4thl 5th, 8th Infantry.

One battalion of artillery (as infantry),
2"d Dragoons.
Ringgold's and Duncan's batteries light artillery.

Mexican Army

Division - General Mariano Arista.

Sapper Battalion,
2nd Light Infantry,
lSt,4th, 6th, l o t h Line Infantry,
Veteran Coast-guards of Tampico,
7th & 8th Cavalry,
Militia Cavalry of the City of Mexico.
Stomina of Monterav 21'' to 23rdSeptember 1846.

US Armv General Zachary Taylor.

Division -General David Twiggs

lSt

2nd Dragoons,
lSt,2ndl 3rdl 4th infantry,
Baltimore - Washington Volunteers,
Brag's and Ridgley's Light batteries.

2nd Division - General Wm. Worth

5th, 7th, 8th Infantry,

artillery battalion (as infantry),
Louisiana Volunteers,
Duncan's and Mackall's light batteries.

3rd Division -Major General Wm. 0 Butler

Hamer's Brigade:
1st Ohio Volunteers
1st Kentucky Volunteers.

Quitman's Brigade -
1st Mississippi Volunteers and
1st Tennessee Volunteers.

Also Hay's and Walker's Rangers Companies (independent).

Mexican Armv Division

General Pedro de Ampudia.

2nd, 3rd, 4th Light Infantry,
the Sapper Battalion, lSt 3rd, 4th,7th Line Infantry.
Militia Battalions of Mexico City, San Luis Potosi, Queretaro, Aguascalientes,
Nuevo Leon,
lSt, 3rd, and 8th Cavalry,
Light Horse Regiment.
Jalisco Lancers,
Militia Cavalry of Guanajuato and San Luis Potosi,
six companies and one battalion of local infantry.
Buena Vista or Anaostura 23rdFebruary 1847

US Armv

General Zachary Taylor.

One company each lSt Dragoons and 2nd Dragoons,
Arkansas Cavalry Regiment,
Kentucky Cavalry Regiment
lStMississippi, 2nd & 3rd Indiana,
lSt& zndIllinois,
2nd Kentucky,
Bragg's and Washington's Light batteries.
McCulloch's Texas Rangers.

Mexican Armv

Division General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.

lSt,3rdl 4thl sthl loth, llth,
1 2 ~
LineInfantry.
~
Regular Standing Mexican Battalion,
lSt& 2ndActive Militia of Mexico City.
Active Militia of Celaya Guadalazara, Lagos, Queretaro and Puebla,
Tampico Veteran Coastguards,
Hussars of the Guard.
lSt13rd15th7th18thCavalry,
Tulancingo Cuirassiers,
Mounted Rifles
Cavalry of Mexico, Guanajuato, San Luis, Michoacan and Caxaca.
Volunteers of Saint Patrick (as artillery).

Second Army - Division General Juan Vincente Minon.

Jaliso Lancers,
4th Cavalry,
Puebla Militia Cavalry.

MEXICAN
SHAKO PLATE
FAR WESTERN CAMPAIGNS

Battle of "The Old Woman's Gun" - October sth1846

US Forces - Captain J Mervine. 260 sailors and settlers.
Mexican Forces - Captain Jose M Flores. 400 cavalry and 1 cannon.

Santa Clara - Januarv 2nd1847

US Forces - Captain Ward Mason with 100 US Marines.

Mexican Forces - Francisco Sanchez with 120 cavalry.

San Pascual - December 5th1846

US Forces - Colonel Stephen W Kearney.

100 dragoons, 39 infantry volunteers and 1 field piece.
Mexican Forces Andres Pico with 80 Lancers.

San Gabriel and La Mesa - Januarv sthand gth 1847.

US Forces - Commodore Robert Stockton and Colonel Kearney, with 600 sailors,
marines and volunteers, and 6 field pieces.
Mexican Forces - Captain Jose M Flores with 300-500 Lancers and 4 field pieces.

Battle of the Sacromento River 2sth Februarv 1847.

US Armv Colonel Alexander W Doniphan, with Missouri Mounted Rifles plus 2

artillery batteries.

Mexican Armv Commander not known. 7th Line Infantry, Militac Cavalry of
Durango Presidia1 Companies of New Mexico and local Militia Infantry.

SCOTT'S CAMPAIGN

Sieae of Vera Cruz 9-2sth March 1847.

US Army

General Winfield Scott.

General Wm Worth's brigade
4th, 5th, 6th, 8th Infantry (plus 2 companies of volunteers).

General David Twigg's brigade

l s t , 3rd, 7th, infantry

lst, and 4th Artillery Regiments (as infantry)
Taylor's Light Battery.

General Gideon Pillow's brigade

Infantry
1st and 2nd Tennessee Volunteers
1st and 2nd Pennsylvania Volunteers
1st South Carolina Volunteers and Steptoes Light Battery.

Cavalry
1st and 2nd Dragoons (1 company) from each)
Tennessee mounted Rifles.

Mexican Army General Juan Morales. 2nd and 8th Line Infantry and local militia.

Cerro Gordo - 18th A ~ r i 1847.

l

US Army
General Winfield Scott.
General David Twigg's Division
2nd, 3rd and 7th Infantry,
1st and 4th Artillery (as infantry).

General Wm Worth's Division

4th, Sth, 6th and 8th Infantry,
2nd and 3rd Artillery (as infantry).
General Robert Patterson's Division
Tennessee Cavalry (as infantry)
1st Georgia Volunteers,
1st and 2nd: Tennessee Volunteers
1st and 2nd Illinois Volunteers
1st and 2nd Pennsylvania
1st New York Volunteers
1st Carolina Volunteers
2 independent companies, Kentucky and Louisiana.

Armv Artillery
Coy K 1st Artillery, Coy A 2nd Artillery, Coy H 3rd Artillery (each providing one artillery
battery).

Army Cavalrv - Coy F 1st Dragoons, 2nd Dragoons.

I n d e ~ e n d e n Unit
t - Mounted Rifle Regiment as infantry.

Mexican Armv
Division General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.
Grenadiers of the Guard of the Supreme Powers,
lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, Light Infantry,
3rd, 4th, Sth, 6th, and 11th Line Infantry,
Militia of Puebla,
Hussars of the Guard of the Sopreme Powers,
5th and 9th Line Cavalry,
Militia Cavalry of Oaxaca
Tulancingo Cuirassiers,

Contretas and Churubusco 19-20th Auaust 1847.

US Armv General Winfield Scott.

General Wm Worth's Division
Garland's brigade 2nd and 3rd Artillery (as Infantry), 4th Infantry, one mixed regiment
(Re-enlisted volunteers).

Clark's brigade - 5th) 6th, and 8th Infantry.

General David Twigg's Division.

Smith's brigade
Mounted Rifles Regiment as infantry,
1st Artillery as infantry, 3rd Infantry.

Riley's brigade
4th Artillery (as infantry)
2nd and 7th Infantry.

General Gideon Pillow's Division

Cadwalader's brigade,
Regiment of Voltigeurs,
l l t h and 14th Infantry.

Pierce's brigade -
8th, 12th and 15th Infantry.

Mounted troops - mixed regiment from lst, 2nd and 3rd Dragoons,
artillery batteries of Duncan, Taylor, Steptoe, Magruder, Sherman
Drum. Talcott's battery of rockets and howitzers.

Mexico Army (Contreras)

Santa Anna,
l s t , 10th and 12th Line Infantry,
Tampico Veteran Coastguards
2nd, 3rd, 7th and 8th Cavalry.

Churubusco -
Santa Anna.
lst, 2nd, and 4th Light Infantry
l l t h Line Infantry, 9th Cavalry
Hussars of the Guard
Tulancingo Cuirassiers
Militia Battalions of Bravo, Independencis, Victoria, Hidalgo, and the Volunteers of Saint
Patrick.
Molino Del Rev - September sth1847.

US Armv
General Wm Worth (in local command).
Storming Column 500 volunteers from all units;
also Smith's, Garland's, Cadwalader's, and Clarke's brigades (as a t Contreras and
Churubusco); Huger, Drum and Duncan's Batteries, and (composite) Dragoon
Regiment.

Mexican Armv
Brigade General Antonio Leon and Joanquin Rangel with infantry brigade of
Franciso Perez, and Cavalry brigade of Juan Alvarez in support. Only troops in
Molino del Rey given. lSt, loth, llth
2nd, 3rd Light Infantry. lSt, Line standing
battalion of Mexico.

Chapultepec and capture of Mexico Citv. - 12-15'~September 1847.

Chapultepec -

US Army General Winfield Scott, (local command to Quitman's) General John A

Quitman's Division - Shield's brigade, lSt New York Volunteers, lSt
South Caralina
Volunteers. Watson's brigade, zndPennsylvania, US Marine Corps. General Gideon
Pillow's Division as a t Contreras. Clarke's brigade (of Worth's Division) and
Smith's brigade (of Twigg's Division), both as a t Contreras.

Garita San Cosme

Worth's Division (less Clarke's Brigade).

Mexican Armv Division

General Santa Anna.

Grenadiers of the Guard.

l s t , 2nd and 3rd Light Infantry,
11th line Battalion of Invalids,
1st Active Battalion of Mexico,
Hussars of the guard,
2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 8th and 9th Cavalry,
Militia Cavalry of Michocan and Oaxaca
Tulancingo Cuirassiers.
ADDITIONAL NOTES

Courtesv of Ken Bunser

US artillery jackets could be braided in yellow or white. Red trouser stripes were only
sometimes worn by artillerymen and the dress varied from unit to unit.

Dragoons officers' trousers had no stripes as worn in the field. The yellow band (if
worn) on the dragoon cap could be hidden by the folded-up neck cape.

Some musicians still wore red jackets with yellow turnbacks, cuffs and buttons.

The Mexican Marine Infantry Regiment should have a crimson shako with a gilt
anchor and three large chevrons, point up; on the rear (see Hefter).

American Units which saw service in the war.

Resular Units of the "Old Armv (formed prior to 1846). lStand znd Dragoons
to 4thl
Regiment of Mounted Riflemen lSt Artillery lStto 8th 1nfantry US
Marine Corps.

Regular Units of the "New Armv.(formed after the start of the war) 3rd Dragoons
gth to 1 6 ~Infantry
~ Regiment of Voltigeurs Company of Sappers, Miners And
Pontoniers

Volunteers Units Contributions of each state.

Mass. 1 I n f Regt
N.Y. 2 I n f Regts
Penn. 1 I n f Regt
N.J. 1 I n f Regt
MD&DC 2 I n f Regt, 1 Rifle Coy, 1Artillery Battery.
Virg 1 I n f Regt.
N.C.1 I n f Regt
S.C. 1 I n f Regt
GA. 2 I n f Regts, 1 Cavalry Regt
Ala. 5 I n f Regts, 1 Cavalry Company
LA. 1 Cavalry Regt. 6 I n f Regt, 1 Coy, 2 Artillery Batteries.
Tenn 5 I n f Regts, 1 Cavalry Regt
Ken 4 I n f Regts, 1 Cavalry Regt
OH 5 I n f Regts
Mich. 1 I n f Regt plus 1 Coy
Ind 5 I n f Regts
Ill 6 I n f Regts, 1 Cavalry Regt
Ws. 2 Coys
10 1 Infantry Coy and 2 Cavalry Coys
Missouri 2 I n f Regts, 3 Cavalry Regts
Ark 4 I n f Coys, 1 Regt and 3 coy Cavalry
Fla 4 I n f Coy
Tx 2 I n f Regts and 1 coy, 6 Cavalry Regts plus 6 Ranger coys and 1
Indian coy
Cal 1 I n f coy and 1Artillery Battery
Mississippi 3 I n f Regts
Re-enlisted Volunteers. About 700 men from all states (cavalry)
Mormons 1 I n f Regt and 1 coy

Hiqhest Unit Losses

All about 33% total strength sth, 6th, 8th and 1 5 ~Infantry,
~ lSt
and 3rdArtillery. A
total of about 5,000 regulars were lost in the war.

Hiqhest State Losses

Tennessee, Louisiana, Illinois, Ohio, Indiana lost about 1,000 men each, out of
total Volunteers losses of around 12,000. Illinois had the highest losses of officers
of any unit or state.
UNIFORMS ON THE PREVIOUS TWO PAGES

Mexican Army

1. Infantryman 1836
(Forage cap was also widely used in 1846 - 48

2. Irregular
(Note sling, spear and religious picture in hatband).

3. Officer
(Note civilian type hat).

4. Infantryman 1846 -48

Centre Company, 3rdRegiment

5. Cavalryman 1846 -48

lStLine Regiment.

6. Artillery Officer

Texas & U.S.

1. Texas Ranger 1846 -48

Volunteers in War of Independence would have looked similar.

2. Officer U.S. Infantry 1846-48

3. Corporal U.S. Infantry 1846 051

4. U.S. Cavalry or Mounted Rifles 1846 -48

5. Mexican Spy Company U.S. Army

(Coat is Mexican Cavalry).

6. Illinois Volunteer
Typical Volunteer uniform. Caps would be worn in the same regiment.
TEXAS FLAGS

Adopted by the Texans in 1835. Similar to the Mexican National Flag but
replacing the Mexican Arms with 1824, the year Mexico established a republic
independent of Spain. I t is possible this flag was flown at the Alamo. Green,
white, red, 1824 black.

2. New Orleans Grevs

At New Orleans two companies of Volunteers were formed t o assist the

Texans. Some fought at the Almo under this flag, the remainder were
annihilated with Fanin a t Goliad.
Field light blue, eagle silver, scroll white and all lettering black.

3. Newport Rifles

This was the flag of 52 Volunteers from Newport Kentucky. The night before
they left for Texas, a lady presented them with a long kid glove which was
carried on top of their flag. This was the only flag carried by the Texans a t the
Battle of San Jancinto. Field white, clouds grey, staff gold, dress white, cloak
red, sword silver and sward hilt gold. Scroll grey with red border, lettering
black, fringe gold.
REPUBLIC OF MEXICO

1. Battalion Flaq

This is probably an Infantry flag. Red, Green, White eagle brown, snake pale
green, panoply of arms (which was had painted) was various colours, lettering
black.

2. Battalion Flaq

This is the common form of the National Flag and although artillery Flag
(being square), i t would be in common use with infantry regiments.
At the Battle of Molino Del Rey, this color was saved from capture by a
Mexican Sublieutenant who wrapped i t round his body. He was killed during
the battle. Green, white, red, eagle gold, snake green, lettering black, ribbon
red and fringe gold.

3. Guerilla Lancer Guidon

Taken at the Battle of Sacramento, this style of flag was common among
guerrilla units. Black skull and bones white; reverse "Liberty or Death" in
Spanish.

4. Infantry Battalion Guidon

Taken at the Churubusco. Field red, lettering, grenade and fringe gold.
5. T r u m ~ e Banner
t

This is a remnant of the Old Spanish Army. Twenty-five years after

independence i t was still being carried. I t was captured at Cerro Gordo.
Field scarlet, Spanish Royal Arms gold, light blue and white, scroll white,
lettering black.
It is possible that other old Royal Spanish flags were carried.
Flags of the USA

1. Columbia Volunteer Battalion

Very like a standard regimental flag, a flag like this would be carried by most
Volunteer Regiments together with the National Flag.
Field dark blue, scrolls red, lettering and lining gold, clouds dark grey and
storm-like, horses white.
Central design - top, ship on greenish sea, Centre - white ground with
plough, bottom - blue field, yellow wheatsheaves. Eagle, laurels and ground
natural, f 9 e 4 0 1 d . -

2. St. Louis Liaht Artillerv

Similar t o US National Flag except that it has 18 stripes instead of 13. I t was
made by the Mexican women of Santa Fe. The white square was left so that
battle honours could be added. Stars and frinae silver.

3. 6THInfantry Regiment

This is typical of the flags carried by all regular regiments. They, like the
Volunteers, would also carry a National Flag.
Field dark blue, scrolls red, lettering gold and lined red. Three rows of stars
arched above eagle (not shown in this reproduction) gold, eagle head and tail
white, wings and body brown, beak and claws yellow, laurel green, berries
red, fringe gold. Arrows have white flights, brown shafts and steelheads.
Shield - top blue, red and white stripes.
4. Fremont's Flaq

This flag was made for Lieutenant Colonel John Charles Fremont by his wife.
I t was first carried in his expedition to the Rockies in 1842 and later when he
led the California Column. Canton - field white, stars white lined with blue,
eagle blue, pipe red top and white stem.

5. Vermont Volunteers

Rather a strange little home made flag. Ground white, stars red, stripes red,
white and blue, eagle grey, scrolls red, lined and lettering black, shield top
green
, - . I - _stripes
-- blue, white, red.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following are the main sources referred t o for this range.

Part one: Uniforms.

"The Mexican - American War 1846-48"

P.R.N. Katcher, G.A. Embleton.
Osprey Books "Men at Arms" series 1976.

"Military Uniforms in America" Vol 2 ("Years of Growth 1796-1851")

Company of Military Historians.
Presidio Press California 1977.

"The Mexican War"

Time - Life Books "Old West" series 1978.

"World Uniforms and Battles 1815-1850"

P. Haythornwaite, M Chappell
Blandford Books 1976.

"Tradition" Magazine Nos 64 and 66.

"The Bulletin of the British Model Soldier Society"

"The Journal of the Irish Model Soldier Society".

"Cronica Del Traje Militar En Mexico Del Siglo XVI A 1 XX".

"The Guidon". Journal of the Miniature Figure Collectors of America.

"The Scabbard". Journal of the Military Miniature Society of Illinois.

"Campaigns" Magazine No. 42.

"The Mexican Solier 1837-1847" Joseph Hefter, Mexico 1958.

PART TWO:

Campaign History and Military History.

"The Mexican War"

Edward D. Mansfield
New York 1848.

"The War with Mexico" (2 vols)

Justin M. Smith
New York 1971.

"The Mexican War"

K, Jack Bauer
New York 1974.

"A narrative of General Wools campaign in Mexico".

Francis Baylies
Albany 1851.

"My Confession"
Samuel Chamberlain
New York 1887.

"Decisive Battles Since Waterloo"

Thomas W. Knox
New York 1887.

For those wishing t o delve further, the Connor/Faulk book contains an

excellent bibliography.
MEX/CAN WAR
FREIKORPS 15

TEXAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 183516

Texican Volunteer Infantry

Mexican Line Infantry, Belltop shako
Mexican Line Infantry, shako, fatigues
Mexican Cavalry, Helmet
Mexican Cavalry, command
Mexican Cavalry, Presidal Company
Mexican Cavalry, Presidal Company Command
Personalities- General Santa Anna (mtd), Colonels Davy Crockett,
William Travis and Jim Bowie (all foot)

US -MEXICAN WAR 1846-48

MX 9 US Regular Infantry in full pack, advancing
MX 10 US Regular Infantry in Light Order, at the ready
MX 11 US Volunteers infantry
MX 12 7th NY Volunteers, California Column
MX 13 US Sailors (California Column)
MX 14 US Mounted Rifles, on foot.
MX 15 Horse Holder and 5 horses
MX 16 Texas Rangers (use for 183516 Texas Mounted Volunteers
MX 17 US Regular Cavalry (use for Mounted Rifles)
MX 18 US Artillery (6 pdr, or 12 pdr gun)
MX 19 US Infantry Command
MX 20 US Cavalry Command
MX 2 1 US Mounted Colonels
MX 22 US Personalities - General Taylor, Scott and Fremont
MX 23 US limber and 2 men (price as command)
MX 24 US Limber Team (6 horses, 2 riders)
MX 25 Mexican Infantry, conical shako
MX 26 Mexican Infantry, stable cap
MX 27 Mexican Grenadiers, Guard of the Supreme Power
MX 28 Mexican Line Cavalry, conical shako
MX 29 Mexican Line Cavalry, Command, conical shako
MX 30 Mexican Line Cavalry, Helmet
MX 3 1 Mexican Line Cavalry, Command Helmet
MX 32 Mexican Cuirassier
MX 33 Mexican Cuirassier Command
MX 34 Mexican Irregular Infantry (use in all Mexican Wars)
MX 35 Mexican Irregular Cavalry (use in all Mexican Wars)
MX 36 Mexican Artillery (use for 183516) 3,6 or 12 pdr gun
MX 37 Mexican Infantry Command (use for 183516)
MX 38 Mexican Colonels (use for 183516)
MX 39 Jalisco Lancers
MX 40 Jalisco Lancer Command
MX 4 1 5 Bullocks and Driver (use for Mexican gun or US 18 pdrs)
MX 42 Pack Mules and Driver
MX 43* US Army Wagon
MX 44* 6-Mules Team for above

For 18 pdrs use SP2 (please state US or Mexican crew)