INTRODUCTION

Many industrial products are manufactured for our comfort. They

are either made from sulphuric acid,ammonia,alloys,synthetic
polymers,glass,ceramics or composite metarials.
SULPHURIC
ACID
MANUFACTURE OF SULHURIC ACID
THROUGH CONTACT PROCESS

Stage Aim
Stage 1 To produce sulphur dioxide, SO2,gas
Sulphur dioxide, SO2, gas can be produced by burning
sulphur in air

S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g)

Stage 2 To produce sulphur trioxide, SO3, gas

The gas mixture of sulphur dioxide, SO 2, and oxygen, O2 is
over vanadium(V) oxide, V2O5, (catalyst) at a temperature of
450-500 oC and under the pressure of 1 atmosphere

2SO2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2SO3(g)

sulphur trioxide

Stage 3 To produce sulphuric acid H2SO4

Sulphur trioxide SO3 gas is dissolved in concentrated
sulphuric acid, H2SO4 to form oleum H2S2O7

SO3(g) + H2SO4(l) → H2S2O7(l)

oleum

water is then added to the oleum H2S2O7 to dilute it to

produce sulphuric acid, H2SO4

H2S2O7(l) + H2O(l) → 2H2SO4(l)

sulphuric acid
USES OF SULHURIC ACID
♪ Manufacture of fertilisers such as ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4

♪ Manufacture of electrolyte in lead-acid accumulators (car battery)

♪ Manufacture of soaps and detergents

♪ Manufacture of pesticides (insecticide)

♪ Manufacture of plastic items such as rayon and nylon

♪ Manufacture of paints and dyes

AMMONIA
MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA
THROUGH HABER PROCESS
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THE PROPERTIES OF
AMMONIA
MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA

♪ Manufacture of nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonium phosphate

(NH4)3PO4

♪ Manufacture of nitric acid , HNO3 through the Ostwald process

♪ Manufacture of electrolytes in dry cells

♪ Manufacture of cleaning agents such as washing powder and

detergents

♪ Manufacture of explosives such as trinitrotoluene (TNT)

♪ Manufacture of dyes
 Preparation of ammonium
sulphate

Aim : To prepare ammonium sulphate,(NH4)2SO4, salts

Material : 1 mol dm-3 ammonia solution, NH3(aq), 1 mol dm-3

sulphuric acid, H2SO4, red litmus paper

Apparatus : 250 cm3 beaker,glass rod,tripod stand,Bunsen burner,wire

gauze,filter funnel,filter paper,measuring
cylinder,dropper,asbestos tile