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1. Research designed to generate knowledge to guide nursing practice and to improve the health and quality of
life of nurses¶ clients is termed as:
3 a. Nursing Research
3 a 
 

3 c. Research
3 d. Ethics
Keyword: GUIDE NURSING PRACTICE Rationale: Clinical Nursing Research is a research designed to generate
knowledge to guide nursing practice and to improve the health and quality of life of nurses¶ clients. A) Nursing
research is a systematic inquiry designed to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession,
including nursing practice, education, administration and informatics. B) Correct answer C) Research is a systematic
inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer questions or solve problems. (Source: Nursing Research: Principles
and Methods by Denise Polit and Cheryl Beck)
2. A variable that comes between dependent and independent variable is called:
3 a. Extraneous variable
3 b. Polychomotous variable
3 c. Dichomotous variable
3    

a
Keyword: COMES BETWEEN Rationale: Kinds of variable ‡ Independent variable - use this to stimulate a target
population ‡ Dependent variable/Effectual variable - results of the effects of the study ‡ Intervening Variable - Comes
between dependent and independent o Example: orghanism variable, internal factor, sex, gender, color ‡ Extraneous
Variable - External infuences that can be changed o Example: citizenship, educational status ‡ Dichotomous Variable
- 2 choices/ 2 results o Example: Male/ Female ‡ Polychotomous Variable - Multiple choices o Example: Preferred
foods ± Chinese, Japanese, American. . . . .
3. Which of the following characteristics do not describe a research problem?
3
 
  
  

3 b. The topic itself is researchable
3 c. Generally applicable for use in practice
3 d. None of these
Keyword: DO NOT Rationale: Characteristics of üa research problem ügeneral applicability and use
üResearchable üFeasible and measurable üFactors of a feasible research : time, money, experience of the
researcher, instruments, population ü novelty/originality (Plagiarism/illegal replication ± unauthorized use of
another¶s literary work without any consent or permission) üimportance to nursing profession significance to nursing
4. Sources of a research problem could either be the following except:
3 a. Concepts
3 b. Issues
3 c. Theories
3   

Keyword: EXCEPT Rationale: Sources of a research problem are the following: (C-L-I-E-N-T) C ± Concepts L ±
Literature, essays, books, journals I ± Issues E ± Experiences N ± Nursing problems T ± Theories
5. Which paradigm of nursing research responds to the human inquiry ³What is the relationship between the
inquirer and that being studied?´
3 a. Ontologic
3 a  
3 c. Axiologic
3 d. Methodologic
Keyword: RELATIONSHIP Rationale: Paradigm is a general perspective on the complexities ofthe real world.
Paradigms for human inquiry are often characterized in terms of the ways in which they respond to basic
philosophical questions: Ontologic: ³What is the nature of reality?´ Epistemologic: ³What is the relationship between
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the inquirer and that being studied?´ Axiologic: ³What is the role of values in the inquiry?´ Methodologic: ³How should
the inquirer obtain knowledge?´ (Source: Nursing Research: Principles and Methods by Polit and Beck)
6. Which of the following characteristics do not describe a scientific investigation?
3 a. They are conducted to test or develop theories and study advance knowledge
3 a  



   

  
  a a a
   
3 c. It is planned and conducted in a systematic and orderly manner
3 d. External factors which may influence the relationship among phenomena is controlled
Keyword: DO NOT Rationale: Characteristics of üa Good Research üSystematic - conduct research in a step by
step process or procedure üEmpirical - objective data should be observable/measurable or readily collected using
your senses üControlled/ manipulated - Methods/tool of controlling is research design Critical investigation/fact
finding investigation - In order to answer the data is by using facts. Looking for human beings who can give us facts
7. The following are characteristics of a clinical nursing problem apart from:
3 a. It reflects something that could be improved in clinical practice
3 b. It has a potential to change how nursing care is delivered in the unit
3  
 !
 
  
  
3 d. It is a problem that occurs frequently in a particular group.
Keyword: EXCEPT Rationale: Characteristics of üa research problem ügeneral applicability and use
üResearchable üFeasible and measurable üFactors of a feasible research : time, money, experience of the
researcher, instruments, population ü novelty/originality (Plagiarism/illegal replication ± unauthorized use of
another¶s literary work without any consent or permission) üimportance to nursing profession significance to nursing
8. Which of the following describes an inductive form of reasoning?
3 a. Separation anxiety is common in children. Children whose parents are not in the hospital room will manifest
anxious behavior.
3 a 

 
 
a  
a  

aa 

 
 
 a
    

  
 
 
3 c. Mild anxiety sharpens one¶s perception and cognitive function. Most students who take examination with mild
anxiety have high scores.
3 d. All of the above
Keyword: INDUCTIVE FORM Rationale: inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to broader
generalizations and theories. A) Separation anxiety is common in children (generalization/theory). Children whose
parents are not in the hospital room manifest anxious behavior (specific observation). = deductive reasoning B) Most
patients are irritable (specific observation). Unpredictable moods and irritability behaviors of patients are caused by
their underlying illnesses that alter their activities of daily living (generalization/theory). = inductive reasoning C) Mild
anxiety sharpens one¶s perception and cognitive function (generalization/theory). Most students who take
examination with mild anxiety have high scores (specific observation). = deductive reasoning
9. Quantitative research uses which type of reasoning to generate hunches that are tested inthe real world?
3
"  

3 b. Inductive reasoning
3 c. Informal logic
3 d. All of the above
Keyword: GENERATE HUNCHES; TESTED IN THE REAL WORLD Rationale: Deductive reasoning works from a
generalization or theory to a specific observation (tested in the real world). Quantitative research uses deductive
reasoning to generate hunches that are tested inthe real world.
10. Which paradigm of nursing research responds to the human inquiry ³How should the inquirer obtain
knowledge?´
3 a. Ontologic
3 b. Epistemologic
3 c. Axiologic
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3  

Keyword: OBTAIN KNOWLEDGE Rationale: Paradigm is a general perspective on the complexities of the real world.
Paradigms for human inquiry are often characterized in terms of the ways in which they respond to basic
philosophical questions: Ontologic: ³What is the nature of reality?´ Epistemologic: ³What is the relationship between
the inquirer and that being studied?´ Axiologic: ³What is the role of values in the inquiry?´ Methodologic: ³How should
the inquirer obtain knowledge?´ (Source: Nursing Research: Principles and Methods by Polit and Beck)
11. Which theory of nursing leadership states that a leader becomes the head because of his charm?
3 a. Great-Man theory
3 b. Situational theory
3  

 
3 d. Trait theory
Keyword: CHARM Rationale: Theories of Nursing Leadership ‡ Great-Man theory ± born as a leader ‡ Trait theory ±
develop characteristics or born with the characteristics o 3 traits of a leader ‡ P ± personality (adaptability,
independence, creative/assertive, advocate) ability to adjust to the need of the pt ‡ I ± intelligence (proper judgment,
proper decision making, proper communication) ‡ A ± ability ± (influence others, respect others, participate and
cooperate) Proper way to influence is thru health teaching ‡ Charismatic theory ± becomes a leader because of the
charm ‡ Situational theory/case to case basis o a person can be a leader in one situation but only a follower in
another situation. (eg. becomes a leader in where he specializes)
12. Attributes of a good leader involves which of the following?
3 a. Holds his member accountable for their wrongdoing and negligence
3 b. Aware of the members strengths and weaknesses
3   
  
3 d. All of these
Keyword: INVOLVES Rationale: attributes of a good leader 1. Self awareness 2. Self confidence 3. Advocacy 4.
Accountability
13. Principles of effective leadership least likely involves:
3 a. One group commanded by one leader
3 b. One group should always have an objective
3 c. Patient first policy is applied
3  #
a  
   a  

Keyword: LEAST LIKELY Rationale: Responsibility can be delegated by a team leader but not the accountability.
Command responsibility or Respondent Superior states the master or the superior answers for the negligence of his
subordinates in half of his patient who suffer from injury or death.
14. This theory states that a person becomes a leader because he is born to be one:
3
$
!

 
3 b. Situational theory
3 c. Charismatic theory
3 d. Trait theory
Keyword: BORN TO BE A LEADER Rationale: Theories of Nursing Leadership ‡ Great-Man theory ± born as a leader
‡ Trait theory ± develop characteristics or born with the characteristics o 3 traits of a leader ‡ P ± personality
(adaptability, independence, creative/assertive, advocate) ability to adjust to the need of the pt ‡ I ± intelligence
(proper judgment, proper decision making, proper communication) ‡ A ± ability ± (influence others, respect others,
participate and cooperate) Proper way to influence is thru health teaching ‡ Charismatic theory ± becomes a leader
because of the charm ‡ Situational theory/case to case basis o a person can be a leader in one situation but only a
follower in another situation. (eg. becomes a leader in where he specializes)
15. The head nurse in the unit is consistent in her decisions and compels the group to follow her. She performs
decision making without asking or getting any inputs from her members. Which type of leadership is the head nurse
following?
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3 a. Laissez-faire
3 b. Democratic
3  #

3 d. Ultra-liberal
Keyword: CONSISTENT, COMPELS, PERFORMS DECISION MAKING WITHOUT ASKING Rationale:
Autocratic/Authoritarian/dictatorial/´hard´ leader - unilateral style of leadership. Only the leader here performs the
decision making without getting the inputs from his members. One sided style of leadership Behavior : A ± apathy ±
insensitive to others B ± Boisterous speech C ± consistency D ± Dominating E ± Exploitative behavior F ± ferocious
behavior, to coerce or compel the group to follow him
16. Which of the following leadership is best used during an emergency or intensive crisis?
3 a. Laissez-faire
3 b. Democratic
3  #

3 d. Ultra-liberal
Keyword: BEST DURING EMERGENCY OR INTESIVE CRISIS Rationale: Autocratic style is leadership is best style
during emergency or intensive crisis.
17. The loose style of nursing leadership is:
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3 b. Democratic
3 c. Autocratic
3 d. None of these
Keyword: LOOSE Rationale: Permissive, ultra-liberal, laissez faire, free-rein o Loose style of nursing leadership. o
Giving excess freedom or liberality towards your subordinates if to lenient in your subordinates, there will be Ļ control
and power = Ĺ negligence
18. Which of the following leadership styles will be having more risk of negligence of the members?
3
c
 !

3 b. Democratic
3 c. Autocratic
3 d. None of these
Keyword: MORE RISK OF NEGLIGENCE Rationale: Giving excess freedom or liberality towards your subordinates if
to lenient in your subordinates, there will be Ļ control and power = Ĺ negligence
19. The charisma and charm of a leader is referred to as which power of a leader?
3 a. Expert power
3 a     
3 c. Exclusive power
3 d. Reward power
Keyword: CHARISMA AND CHARM Rationale: 5 Powers of a Good Leader ‡ Legitimate/ Formal/ exclusive Power o
Exercise because you are appointed to a higher position ‡ Expert Power o You acquire extra ± ordinary skills, talent
or ability ‡ Referent Power o Charisma and charm ‡ Reward Power o + power for the part of the leader o gives
rewards, bonus, promotion, compensation ‡ Coercive Power o ± power on the part of the leader o reprimand,
suspend, terminate
20. The leadership is exercised because of the appointment to a higher position is referred to as:
3 a. Expert power
3 b. Referent power
3  %  
3 d. Reward power
Keyword: APPOINTMENT Rationale: Legitimate/ Formal/ exclusive Power o Exercise because you are appointed to
a higher position
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21. Telling the truth is the practice of which ethical principle?

3 a. Non-maleficence
3 a & 

3 c. Beneficence
3 d. Justice
Keyword: TELLING THE TRUTH Rationale: Ethical Principles o Principle of Ap independent judgment or decision
making putonomy pin all situation the pt himself is the one who should decide for his own care Consent ‡ respect
the decision of the pt ‡ explain the risk to the patient/SO ‡ waiver - a legal doc when the pt refuse for treatment. o
p Principle of Veracity ptelling the truth to the patient p #1 the patient has the right to know from the PHYSICIAN
(not the nurse) o Principle of Double Effects pif the pt is made to choose between 2 equal danger and he only needs
to choose one, choose the one that will produce one good effect and less evil effect. o Principle of Beneficence doing
good to the patient (eg. providing therapeutic communication, providing privacy) o pPrinciple of Non-Maleficence
p do no harm 3 types of Harm ‡ Physical ± negligence by commission ‡ Mental ± assault and battery ‡ Moral ±
slander and libel o pPrinciple of Justice pPrioritize the needs of the patient. pTo be able to provide nursing care to
the patient, provide the nursing process. Nursing Process characteristics : ‡ A ± acceptable universally ‡ B - based
patients assessment needs ‡ C ± client focused ‡ D ± dynamics ± base on the ever changing needs of the pt ‡ E ±
equitable care ‡ F ± familiarity/rapport to the patient ‡ G ± goal directed towards solving the assess needs of the
patient (SMART) o pPrinciple of Respect/Inviolability of life Suicide and abortion is violation of this principle
22. The statement of the future purpose of the future organization that is involved in the planning stage of the
management process is called:
3 a. Mission
3 a &
3 c. Goal
3 d. Philosophy
p Keyword: STATEMENT OF THE FUTURE PURPOSE Rationale: p Mission ± present reason when established
your organization pVision - statement of your future purpose of your future organization pPhilosophy ± set of values
and beliefs of your organization pGoal ± general statement of your purpose Objectives ± more specific statement of
your purpose
23. To be a good manager, there should be a good interpersonal relationship between the leader and follower. This
leadership theory is called:
3 a. Scientific Management theory
3 b. Motivational Theory
3  '
 
( 
3 d. Bureaucratic Theory
p Keyword: GOOD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP Rationale: Human Relations theory ± to be a good manager,
there should be a good interpersonal relationship between the leader and follower Douglas Mc Gregor¶s Motivational
theory Theory X o Negative workers o pnegligence, inefficient, ineffective workers Theory Y o Positive workers o p
theory X should be given focus because they are prone to negligence and malpractice. Max Weber¶s Bureaucratic/
authoritarian Theory pdiligent, effective, efficient worker pwhoever is on the top would perform the management
function pcentralized Frederick Taylor¶s Scientific Management Theory Elements o choosing the appropriate person
(TAO) o choosing the appropriate team o choosing the appropriate training o choosing the appropriate tools
24. Which of the following elements is not included in Frederick Taylor¶s scientific management theory?
3 a. Appropriate person
3 b. Appropriate team
3  #
 

3 d. Appropriate tools
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Elements opKeyword: NOT INCLUDED Rationale: Frederick Taylor¶s Scientific Management Theory choosing the
appropriate person (TAO) o choosing the appropriate team o choosing the appropriate training o choosing the
appropriate tools
25. ³No deposit policy during emergency cases only´ is stated in which law?
3 a. RA 7305
3 b. RA 7160
3 c. PD 825
3  #)*++
Keyword: NO DEPOSIT POLICY Rationale: a. RA 7305 ± magna carta law b. RA 7160 ± local government code c.
PD 825 ± environmental sanitation law of the Phils d. RA 8344 - No deposit policy during emergency cases only
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