Current Health Status

By
Dr.Uday Shankar Singh
Professor

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Think about a death, happened in your
family and friend in recent past_

Was it Communicable or non-

communicable?

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Introduction:

There is estimated 60 million deaths per
year worldwide, 46 million occurs in
developing countries.

However, there is a dearth of reliable and
accurate information on the causes and
distribution of mortality in these countries.

India has about 9.5 million deaths a year,
or about one in six of all deaths worldwide.

Over three-quarters of deaths in India
occur in the home; more than half of these
do not have a certified cause.
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Leading causes of death worldwide

Percentage of Total Deaths

Heart Diseases 31.4

keNsr (Cancer) 23.3

Cerebrovascular Diseases 6.9

Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases 4.7

Accidents 4.1

Pneumonia & Influenza 3.7

Diabetes Mellitus 2.7

Suicide 1.3

Homicide 0.9

HIV Infection 0.7

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Adapted from Greenlee RT, et al. CA Cancer J Clin. 2000:50;22.
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What are the common non-
Communicable diseases?
Cardiovascular diseases such as

Coronary Artery Disease

Hypertension

Stroke

Congenital heart Disease

Rheumatic Heart disease

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Others are:

Cancers

Diabetes Mellitus

Obesity

Blindness &

Road traffic Accident

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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
WORLD

No. 1 cause of deaths world wide: 17.5 millions
deaths (30% of all deaths)

80% of all deaths in low and middle income countries
India: an estimate

One out of every three deaths would be
cardiovascular-related and all of them would be
either of 45-year-old or less.

The worst part of the fears predicted for India was

losing 237 billion in income due to large number of
deaths of youngsters.

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CANCER
WORLD

8,26,000 deaths due to cancer worldwide

23% of all the deaths

About 72% of all cancer deaths in 2007
occurred in low- and middle-income
countries.
Most common site:

MALES- trachea, bronchus, lungs

FEMALES-cervix, breast

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In India

7,00,000 new cases of cancers in India
every year

3,00,000 tobacco related cancers every
year

1,00,000 cancers of uterine cervix

80,000 breast cancers every year

About 2000 deaths a day in India are
tobacco related

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What are the risk?

Cigarette use

Alcohol use

Failure to obtain preventive services

Life-style changes

Environmental risk factors

Stress

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India Has Highest Number Of Road
Accident Deaths

India with 1.3 lakhs accidents has
pushed china back to second position.

According to the survey most of the
cases are of hit and run.

The survey establishes that most of
the accidents take place because of
increase in speed.

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What are the communicable
diseases?

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HIV/AIDS
WORLD:

33.2 million people living with
HIV/AIDS

15.4 million women and 2.5 million
children (<15yrs)

Annual deaths: 2.1 million (1.9-2.4)

Subsaharan Africa is the worst
affected
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INDIA:

2.5 million people living with HIV/AIDS

0.88 million women (39%) and 4,20,000
children(<15yrs)

HIV prevalence – 0.36%

Most affected states are - Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland
Gujarat:

1.44 lakh people living with HIV/AIDS.

It belongs to the moderate prevalence group of states
(prevalence in high risk groups > 5% and in antenatal
women <1%)

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TUBERCULOSIS
WORLD:

Around 10 million new cases in 2006.
(Incidence: 139/1,00,000)

4.1 million new smear positive cases

Prevalence: 14.4 million
(219/1,00,000)

7,89,000 – TB-HIV co-infection

TB deaths—1.7 million (25/1,00,000)
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INDIA:

20% of the global burden

66% of the SEAR burden

Incidence: 1.8 million new cases a year
(168/100000)

0.8 million smear positive

0.37 million deaths (28/100000)

Prevalence: 299/100000

Percentage of HIV among new TB cases:
1.2

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MALARIA
WORLD:

3.3. billion people at risk of malaria

Incidence in 2006: 247 million

Deaths in 2006: 8,81,000

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INDIA:

27% of the population resides in high
transmission regions

2006: 1.67 million new cases, 1487
deaths

2006: 0.75 million cases were due to
Pf

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POLIO
WORLD :

4 countries endemic now: India, Pakistan,
Afghanistan, Nigeria
INDIA:

During the year 2009 (till July 31), India has
reported 163 polio cases compared to 349 polio
cases in Nigeria.

In 2008, India reported 559 polio cases while Nigeria
reported 789”

Indigenous cases reported from Western UP and

Koshi river belt in Bihar.

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MEASLES
WORLD

30-40 million people affected
worldwide each year

2,42,000 deaths in 2006
INDIA:

52,454 cases reported in 2005

55 deaths in 2005

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