Bahria University Islamabad campus

FINAL PROJECT

IPS

Submitted to : Sir mahmood-Ul-Hassan

Submitted by : Syed Zohaib Iqbal Zaidi

01-111091-107

Class BBA-4 (C)

Date 30-12-2010

Time 1:40 am
WESTERN DEFINITION OF FOOD ITS IMPORTANCE AND SECURITY.

Food is any substance or materials[1] eaten or drunk to provide nutritional

support for the body or for pleasure. It usually consists of plant or animal
origin, that contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats,
proteins, vitamins, or minerals, and is ingested and assimilated by an
organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life.

Historically, people obtained food from hunting and gathering, farming,

ranching, and fishing, known as agriculture. Today, most of the food energy
consumed by the world population is supplied by the food industry operated
by multinational corporations using intensive farming and industrial
agriculture methods.

Food safety and food security are monitored by agencies such as the
International Association for Food Protection, World Resources Institute,
World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, and International
Food Information Council. They address issues such as sustainability,
biological diversity, climate change, nutritional economics, population
growth, water supply and access to food.

The right to food is a human right derived from the International Covenant
on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), recognizing the "right to
an adequate standard of living, including adequate food", as well as the
"fundamental right to be free from hunger."

Food is important for every person to live.For rich and poor alike a certain
amount of food is necessary to keep the body in good condition. But the
three meals a day, three hundred and sixty-five days in the year, are the
bane of housekeepers the world over. They must be planned, prepared, and
served with unvarying regularity in order to maintain the health and
efficiency of the family.

Although each household has different conditions to meet which make the
problem more or less distinct, at the same time there are world problems
and situations to-day which put us all on much the same footing whether we
keep house in our own homes or depend upon hotels ana restaurants for our
meals. The war has brought us face to face with the fact that each individual,
in regard to the food he consumes as well as in other respects, is no longer a
unit by himself, but is a part of the community, and is responsible to the
world at large for his likes and dislikes, or for the surplus he consumes over
and above his actual needs.

This hub importance of food gives you brief knowledge of food and its
importance to our health and food essential for our body and also provides
you menu for health building .

Food plays very vital role in maintaining proper health and also helps in
prevention and cure of diseases . Good nutritive food makes health ,but at
the same time bad or unhealthy food give rise to several diseases.
FRENCH REVOLUTION:

The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of radical social and

political upheaval in French and European history. The absolute monarchy
that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years. French society
underwent an epic transformation as feudal, aristocratic and religious
privileges evaporated under a sustained assault from liberal political groups
and the masses on the streets. Old ideas about hierarchy and tradition
succumbed to new Enlightenment principles of citizenship and inalienable
rights.

CAUSES:

Adherents of most historical models identify many of the same features of

the Ancien Régime as being among the causes of the Revolution. Economic
factors included hunger and malnutrition in the most destitute segments of
the population, due to rising bread prices (from a normal eight sous for a
four-pound loaf to 12 sous by the end of 1789),[2] after several years of poor
grain harvests. The combination of bad harvests (due to abnormal/severe
weather fluctuations) and rising food prices was further aggravated by an
inadequate transportation system which hindered the shipment of bulk foods
from rural areas to large population centers, contributing greatly to the
destabilization of French society in the years leading up to the Revolution.

REVOLUTION:

The Revolution brought about a massive shifting of powers from the Roman
Catholic Church to the state. Under the Ancien Régime, the Church had been
the largest single landowner in the country, owning about 10 percent of the
land in the kingdom.[32] The Church was exempt from paying taxes to the
government, however it levied a tithe - a 10 percent tax on income, often
collected in the form of crops — on the general population, which it then
redistributed to the poor.[32] The power and wealth of the Church was highly
resented by some groups. A small minority of Protestants living in France,
such as the Huguenots, wanted an anti-Catholic regime and revenge against
the clergy who discriminated against them. Enlightenment thinkers such as
Voltaire helped fuel this resentment by denigrating the Catholic Church and
destabilizing the French monarchy.[33] As historian John McManners argues,
“In eighteenth-century France throne and altar were commonly spoken of as
in close alliance; their simultaneous collapse ... would one day provide the
final proof of their interdependence.”[34]

This resentment toward the Church weakened its power during the opening
of the Estates General in May of 1789. The Church composed the First Estate
with 130,000 members of the clergy. When the National Assembly was later
created in June 1789 by the Third Estate, the clergy voted to join them,
which perpetuated the destruction of the Estates General as a governing
body.[35] The National Assembly began to enact social and economic reform.
Legislation sanctioned on 4 August 1789 abolished the Church's authority to
impose the tithe. In an attempt to address the financial crisis, the Assembly
declared, on 2 November 1789, that the property of the Church was “at the
disposal of the nation.”[36] They used this property to back a new currency,
the assignats. The nation had now thus also taken on the responsibility of the
Church, which included paying the clergy, caring for the poor, the sick and
the orphaned.[37] In December, the Assembly began to sell the lands to the
highest bidder to raise revenue, effectively decreasing the value of the
assignats by 25 percent in two years.[38] In autumn of 1789, legislation
abolished monastic vows and on 13 February 1790 all religious orders were
dissolved.[39] Monks and nuns were encouraged to return to private life and a
small percentage did eventually marry.[40]

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy, passed on 12 July 1790, turned the
remaining clergy into employees of the state. This established an election
system for parish priests and bishops and set a pay rate for the clergy. Many
Catholics objected to the election system because it effectively denied the
authority of the Pope in Rome over the French Church. Eventually, in
November 1790, the National Assembly began to require an oath of loyalty
to the Civil Constitution from all the members of the clergy.[40] This led to a
schism between those clergy who swore the required oath and accepted the
new arrangement and those who remained loyal to the Pope. Overall 24
percent of the clergy nationwide took the oath.[41] Widespread refusal led to
legislation against the clergy, “forcing them into exile, deporting them
forcibly, or executing them as traitors.”[38] Pope Pius VI never accepted the
Civil Constitution of the Clergy, further isolating the Church in France. During
the Reign of Terror, extreme efforts of de-Christianization ensued, including
the imprisonment and massacre of priests and destruction of churches and
religious images throughout France. An effort was made to replace the
Catholic Church altogether, with civic festivals replacing religious ones. The
establishment of the cult of Reason was the final step of radical de-
Christianization. These events led to a widespread disillusionment with the
Revolution and counter-rebellions across France. Locals often resisted de-
Christianization efforts by attacking revolutionary agents and hiding
members of the clergy who were being hunted. Eventually, Robespierre and
the Committee of Public Safety were forced to denounce the campaign.[42]
The Concordat of 1801 between Napoleon and the Church ended the de-
Christianization period and established the rules for a relationship between
the Catholic Church and the French State that lasted until it was abrogated
by the Third Republic via the separation of church and state on 11 December
1905. The persecution of the Church led to a counter revolution known as
the Revolt in the Vendee, the suppression of which revolt is considered by
some to be the first modern genocide.

So after the revolution the hunger for food was finished for ever.

FOOD ACCOURDING TO ISLAM:

Halal (Arabic:‫حلل‬, ḥalāl; means lawful or legal) is a term designating any

object or an action which is permissible to use or engage in, according to
Islamic law. It is the opposite of haraam. The term is used to designate food
seen as permissible according to Islamic law (Sharia, ‫)الشريعة السلمية‬.

The terms halal and haram are both applied to many facets of life and one of
the most useful uses of these terms is to refer to food items including meat
products, food contact materials and pharmaceuticals. In Islam there are
many things that are halal or haram, most of which are clear and obvious to
all people. There are also items which are not clear as if they are halal or
haram and in order to categorize them as halal or haram further information
is needed. Items that are not clear are called mashbooh which means
questionable. In Islam the general idea of food is halal except the following:

Pork and all its products, animals improperly slaughtered, alcoholic drinks
including all forms of intoxicants, carnivorous animals, birds of prey and any
food contaminated with any of these products.

SOURCE OF FOOD IN ISLAM:

In Quran there is question that

In sura ( AL_SHARAH) : [26:79] "Who gives me food and drink?

Its answer is in surah Ghafir [40:79] It is Allah Who made cattle for you,
that ye may use some for riding and some for food;
So it is clear from the above that Allah is the authority who is giving us
(Muslims) the food so we should respect the food as it is given by the Allah
Almighty as according to the bible :

After the Israelites left Egypt they spent time in the wilderness. During this
time God gave them food from Heaven each day. This is the account of the
history of Manna, which is the food form Heaven.

Exodus 16:1-35 Manna and Quail

1 The whole Israelite community set out from Elim and came to the Desert
of Sin which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second
month after they had come out of Egypt. 2 In the desert the whole
community grumbled against Moses and Aaron. 3 The Israelites said to them,
"If only we had died by the LORD's hand in Egypt! There we sat around pots
of meat and ate all the food we wanted, but you have brought us out into
this desert to starve this entire assembly to death."

4 Then the LORD said to Moses, "I will rain down bread from heaven for you.
The people are to go out each day and gather enough for that day.
13 That evening quail came and covered the camp, and in the morning there
was a layer of dew around the camp. 14 When the dew was gone, thin flakes
like frost on the ground appeared on the desert floor. 15 When the Israelites
saw it, they said to each other, "What is it?" For they did not know what it
was.
Moses said to them, "It is the bread the LORD has given you to eat. 16 This
is what the LORD has commanded: 'Each one is to gather as much as he
needs. Take an omer for each person you have in your tent.' "
21 Each morning everyone gathered as much as he needed, and when the
sun grew hot, it melted away. 22 On the sixth day, they gathered twice as
much—two omers [ for each person—and the leaders of the community came
and reported this to Moses. 23 He said to them, "This is what the LORD
commanded: 'Tomorrow is to be a day of rest, a holy Sabbath to the LORD.
So bake what you want to bake and boil what you want to boil. Save
whatever is left and keep it until morning.' "
31 The people of Israel called the bread manna. It was white like coriander
seed and tasted like wafers made with honey. 35 The Israelites ate manna
forty years, until they came to a land that was settled; they ate manna until
they reached the border of Canaan.

Numbers 11:7-9 The manna was like coriander seed and looked like resin.
8 The people went around gathering it, and then ground it in a
 handmill or crushed it in a mortar. They cooked it in a pot or made it
into cakes. And it tasted like something made with olive oil. 9 When
the dew settled on the camp at night, the manna also came down.

Deuteronomy 8:2 Remember how the LORD your God led you all the way in
the desert these forty years, to humble you and to test you in order to know
what was in your heart, whether or not you would keep his commands. 3 He
humbled you, causing you to hunger and then feeding you with manna,
which neither you nor your fathers had known, to teach you that man does
not live on bread alone but on every word that comes from the mouth of the
LORD. 4 Your clothes did not wear out and your feet did not swell during
these forty years.

Joshua 5:11-13 The day after the Passover, that very day, they ate some of
the produce of the land: unleavened bread and roasted grain. 12 The manna
stopped the day after they ate this food from the land; there was no longer
any manna for the Israelites, but that year they ate of the produce of
Canaan.

Nehemiah 9:19 "Because of your great compassion you did not abandon
them in the desert. By day the pillar of cloud did not cease to guide them on
their path, nor the pillar of fire by night to shine on the way they were to
take. 20 You gave your good Spirit to instruct them. You did not withhold
your manna from their mouths, and you gave them water for their thirst.

Psalm 78:23-25

23 Yet he gave a command to the skies above

and opened the doors of the heavens;

24 he rained down manna for the people to eat,

he gave them the grain of heaven.
25 Men ate the bread of angels;
he sent them all the food they could eat.

During the time Jesus was on earth, said he was the bread of life the manna
from heaven! Read the account at John 6:30-59
John 6:30-59 So they asked Jesus, "What miraculous sign then will you give
that we may see it and believe you? What will you do? 31Our forefathers ate
the manna in the desert; as it is written: 'He gave them bread from heaven
to eat.

32Jesus said to them, "I tell you the truth, it is not Moses who has given you
the bread from heaven, but it is my Father who gives you the true bread
from heaven. 33For the bread of God is he who comes down from heaven
and gives life to the world." ( meaning himself )
34"Sir," they said, "from now on give us this bread."
35Then Jesus declared, "I am the bread of life. He who comes to me will
never go hungry, and he who believes in me will never be thirsty. 36 But as I
told you, you have seen me and still you do not believe. 38 For I have come
down from heaven not to do my will but to do the will of him who sent me.
39 And this is the will of him who sent me, that I shall lose none of all that he
has given me, but raise them up at the last day. 40 For my Father's will is
that everyone who looks to the Son and believes in him shall have eternal
life, and I will raise him up at the last day."
41At this the Jews began to grumble about him because he said, "I am the
bread that came down from heaven." 42They said, "Is this not Jesus, the son
of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How can he now say, 'I came
down from heaven'?"
45 It is written in the Prophets: 'They will all be taught by God. Everyone who
listens to the Father and learns from him comes to me. 46 No one has seen
the Father except the one who is from God; only he has seen the Father. 47 I
tell you the truth, he who believes has everlasting life. 48 I am the bread of
life. 49 Your forefathers ate the manna in the desert, yet they died. 50 But
here is the bread that comes down from heaven, which a man may eat and
not die. 51 I am the living bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats
of this bread, he will live forever. This bread is my flesh, which I will give for
the life of the world."
52 Then the Jews began to argue sharply among themselves, "How can this
man give us his flesh to eat?"
53 Jesus said to them, "I tell you the truth, unless you eat the flesh of the
Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you.
54 Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will
raise him up at the last day. 55 For my flesh is real food and my blood is real
drink. 56 Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I
in him. 57 Just as the living Father sent me and I live because of the Father,
so the one who feeds on me will live because of me. 58 This is the bread that
came down from heaven. Your forefathers ate manna and died, but he who
feeds on this bread will live forever."
According to Quran: Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds; and may His
blessings and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon all his Family
and Companions.

Al-Man (A kind of sweet gum) and Al-Salwa (Quails) that Allah had sent down
to the children of Israel is something which is differed upon regarding its
meaning.
It is said that al-man is a drizzle that descends from the sky on trees or
rocks, becomes sweet and turns into honey, and dries like a gum. And it is
said that al-Man is honey, or a sweet drink.
It is also said that it encompasses all that Allah blessed his slaves (creatures)
with, without any labour or harvest. It is reported in Sahih Bukhari and
Muslim that the truffle is of al-man that was descended upon Musa (Moses).
Al-Salwa is a bird that resembles the quail or it is the quail itself. It is also
said that it is honey. The above is a response to the two questions, 'Where it
grows and if there is any of it in today's world".
It is Allah who sent it down. As to whether it decended from the sky, Ibn
Hajar said in Fath Al Bari: "… Ibn Abu Hatim reported from Ali Bin Abu Talha,
from Ibn Abbas who said: "Al-Man used to descend on trees and they ate
from it what Allah wills."
It is also reported from Saeed Bin Ibn Basheer, from Qatada who said: "Al-
Man used to descend on them like the descending of the snow, and it is
whiter than milk and sweeter than honey."
In surra Abus [80:24] Then let man look at his food, (and how We
provide it). That We pour forth water in abundance, And We split
the earth in clefts, And We cause therein the grain to grow, And
grapes and clover plants (i.e. green fodder for the cattle), And
olives and date-palms, And gardens, dense with many trees, And
fruits and Abba (herbage, etc.), (To be) a provision and benefit for
you and your cattle

IMPORTANCE OF FOOD IN ISLAM:

In Islam food has very importance we can judge it from the below Hadeeses :

Hadees
1) Narrated Nafi': Ibn 'Umar said, "Allah's Apostle said, 'If the supper is
served for anyone of you and the Iqama is pronounced, start with the supper
and don't be in haste (and carry on eating) till you finish it." If food was
served for Ibn 'Umar and Iqama was pronounced, he never came to the
prayer till he finished it (i.e. food) in spite of the fact that he heard the
recitation (of the Qur'an) by the Imam (in the prayer). Narrated Ibn 'Umar:
The Prophet said, "If anyone of you is having his meals, he should not hurry
up till he is; satisfied even if the prayer has been started."

2) Narrated Anas: While the Prophet was with one of his wives, one of the
mothers of the believers (i.e. one of his wives) sent a wooden bowl
containing food with a servant. The wife (in whose house he was sitting)
stroke the bowl with her hand and broke it. The Prophet collected the
shattered pieces and put the food back in it and said, "Eat." He kept the
servant and the bowl till he had eaten the food. Then the Prophet gave
another unbroken. bowl to the servant and kept the broken one

3) Food, Meals [65:304] Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "The
food for two persons is sufficient for three, and the food of three persons is
sufficient for four persons."

4) Narrated Ibn 'Umar: Allah's Apostle said, "A believer eats in one intestine
(is satisfied with a little food), and a kafir (unbeliever) or a hypocrite eats in
seven intestines (eats too much)."

5) Abu Dharr reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as

saying: Abu Dharr, when you prepare the broth, add water to that and give
that (as a present) to your neighbour.

6) Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, said, "O trusting women, none of you must consider even a
roasted sheep's trotter too small to give to her neighbour."

The first hadees told us that if you are eating food then even say prayers ;
Offer your prayers after finishing your food. So it is because you can not offer
prayers well with the empty tummy. When you will satisfy your self then you
can offer prayers well because at that time you will not think of food you will
only think of Allah Almighty and would offer prayers with heart.
Do not throw your food in the street and do not spoil your food as the second
Hadees tells that Muhammad (S.A.W.W) had eaten the fallen food and then
let the servant to go. As he say that food for two is sufficient for three and
that of three is sufficient for four. He emphasized on giving some part of the
food that you had cooked at home to your neighbor. It will finish many of the
crimes. As told below:

Poverty causes hunger which is a factor that causes crime. People who live
in poverty are often desperate. Desperation makes humans do unthinkable
things. If you were dirty poor, living in filth and trying to make ends meat,
selling a little crack just to put food on the table or robbing a store so you
kids can have school supplies might not seem like such a bad deal.

It's true middle class individuals commit more crime on average but the
types of crime most commonly found in the middle class is fraud and id theft
while people in poverty stricken areas tend to commit violent and property
crimes.
In the end we are all responsible for the actions we make but you can't
completely disregard outside forces that influences the decisions that are
made involving crime.

There are types of crime that have a direct link to poverty. Theft is one of the
biggest. Also vandalism. When a person cannot obtain the essentials to
survive, they will often resort to theft. This is borne out in the increase in
crimes of theft--robbery, armed robbery, burglary, shoplifting and petty theft,
since the start of our current "recession". Trepassing and vandalism as a
direct result of poverty can be found in the "broken windows" theory. It has
been shown that the more broken windows there are in a neighborhood the
higher the crime rate in that in that neighborhood. It seems the hopeless and
lack of pride is mirrored by the broken windows and vice versa. Surely it is
possible to change one's circumstances without resorting to crime and many
many people have done so. However, one also has to understand the
desparation and hopelessness that is bred by severe poverty.

Let us have some view of poverty of the whole world which is causing hunger
which in return facilitating the world with crimes:

• Almost half the world — over 3 billion people — live on less

than $2.50 a day.
• The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of the 41 Heavily
Indebted Poor Countries (567 million people) is less than the
wealth of the world’s 7 richest people combined.
 • Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to
read a book or sign their names.
• Less than one per cent of what the world spent every year
on weapons was needed to put every child into school by the
year 2000 and yet it didn’t happen.
• 1 billion children live in poverty (1 in 2 children in the
world). 640 million live without adequate shelter, 400 million
have no access to safe water, 270 million have no access to
health services. 10.6 million died in 2003 before they reached
the age of 5 (or roughly 29,000 children per day).

So our whole world is facing poverty which is causing hunger leading to

crimes so we should follow Islamic teachings and stop hunger which in return
give us give us gift of poverty less country and a strong state…!

Summary and Conclusion:

As food is defined as the material which gives us energy and keep us alive . So food is the most
important thing in the world to live it is the most basic need of us. The right to food is a human
right derived from the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
(ICESCR), recognizing the "right to an adequate standard of living, including adequate food" .
So internationally it the right of people to get the food because it is purpose of our lives .

According to Islam the food is the thing which is given to us by Allah Almighty and he is the
provider of food. He had made cattle for us to eat its meat and grown grains, fruit and vegetables
for us so we should thank him and respect his given food. In Islam only Halal food is allowed to
eat and to drink. As Muslims the most Salah( Nimaz ) is the most important but according to
Hadees if you are taking the food and listen the Iqamaah then first finish your food and then go
for prayers. So in this regard we can understand the importance of food. And mostly in Pakistan
we had seen the food as garbage in the streets we are destroying the food which is prohibited in
Islam. Islam has emphasized on finishing all the food in your plates and not to throw them in
streets. As the incident discussed in Hadees that Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.W) who is the role
model for all the Muslims and for the whole world had eaten the food which was accidently fell
down on the due to broken bowl in front of a servant. So in the days when know one had
conducted research on the benefits and importance of food Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.W) is
showing the people of Makah that how much the food is important, know when thousands of
researches had proved that food has a lot of benefits we are just ruining it by putting them in our
garbage bins. Islam had also told us the procedure that how to save the food , is that give the part
of your food to your neighbors as Hadees for this is that “Abu Dharr, when you prepare the
broth(soup), add water to that and give that (as a present) to your neighbor.” How simply
Muhammad (S.A.W.W) gave us the solution that please do not spoil the food give that to your
neighbor. And if we will utilize our food properly our food properly many of our problems that
we are facing as a nation, as a state and as the country on face of this earth that is “CRIME”.
Most of the crimes in this world are taking place due to hunger. People are doing theft Killing
other people to fulfill their own apatite and hunger. If we would eliminate hunger by making the
food available for the hungry person we will have health people who will do their job with keen
in return increase our production which will help us to stabilize our economy which is collapsing
down day by day . We can run the “food provider” campaign the purpose of that would be that
the employee will collect the remaining food if any from each and every home and make that
available for the poor and disables. All of us should think like leaders that every person of his
state is his people and his most precious asset. If we all will think like this then the day will
never remain far away from us that we will the strongest nation and in each and every aspect of
life.So devote your selves for your brothers & sisters(people of state) as in Islam all Muslims are
brothers of each others. And we will be the most successful nation of all the times Inshallah
(Ameen)

REFRENCES:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food

http://www.articleclick.com/Article/IMPORTANCE-OF-FOOD-ELEMENTS/1667

http://chestofbooks.com/food/science/Homemaker-Food-Facts/Chapter-I-The-
Importance-Of-Food.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100228172848AA1ak0M

http://www.guidedways.com/searchHadith.php

http://www.globalissues.org/issue/2/causes-of-poverty

http://www.jesusisgodeternal.com/manna.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manna

BIBLE:
Exodus 16:1-35 Manna and Quail
Numbers 11:7-9
Deuteronomy 8:2
Joshua 5:11-13
Nehemiah 9:19
Psalm 78:23-25

HOLY QURAN:
SURRAH:
AL-Bakarah

Ash-Shuara[26:79]

As-Sajda [32:27]

Ghafir [40:79]

Abus [80:24]

Quraish [106:4]

HADEES:

Sahih Bukhari

Sahih Muslim

Sunan Abudawud

Malik’s Muwatta