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"Read! In the name of your Lord Who created. Created man from
clinging cells. Read! And your Lord is Most Bountiful. The One Who
taught with the Pen. Taught man what he did not know." (Qur'an 96:
1-5)
What is Islam and who are Muslims?
Islam simply means to achieve peace - peace with God, peace with
oneself, and peace with the creations of God - through wholly giving
oneself God and accepting His guidance.
Islam is not a new faith. Muslims believe that it is the same truth that
God revealed through all His prophets to every people. For a fifth of
the world's population, Islam is not just a personal religion, but a
complete way of life.
Muslims come from all races, nationalities and cultures across the
globe. They have varied languages, foods, dress, and customs; even
the way they practice Islam may differ. Yet they all consider
themselves to be Muslim.
Less than 15% of Muslims live the Arab world; a fifth are found in Sub-
Saharan Africa; and the world's largest Muslim community is in
Indonesia. Substantial parts of Asia, and almost all the Central Asian
republics, are Muslim. Significant Muslim minorities are found in China,
India, Russia, Europe, North America and South America.
Muslims believe that God sent His messengers and prophets to all
people. Biblical prophets mentioned in the Qur'an include: Adam,
Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Lot, Ishmael, Isaac, Job, Ezekiel, Jacob,
Joseph, Jonah, Jethro, Moses, Aaron, Elijah, Elisha, David, Solomon,
Zechariah, John the Baptist, and Jesus; peace be upon them all.
Who is Allah?
Allah is the proper Arabic name for God. Muslims believe in and
worship the same One God that the Jews and Christians worship. Allah
says in the Qur'an:
"And do not debate with the People of the Book, unless in the best of
manners, but not with those who are unjust, and say: "We believe in
the Revelation that has come down to us and in that which has come
down to you; Our God and your God is One, and to Him do we wholly
give ourselves." (Qur'an 29:46)
"He is God, the One that there is no deity but He; the Knower of the
unseen and the apparent; He is the Source of All Mercy, the Merciful.
He is God, the One that there is no deity but He; the King, the Holy,
the Source of All Peace, the Guardian of Faith, the Preserver, the
Mighty, the Compeller, the Majestic; Glory to God, beyond their
associations (of partners with Him)!
He is God, the Creator, the Maker, the Fashioner. To Him belong the
most beautiful names. All that is in the heavens and the earth
magnifies Him; He is the Mighty, the Wise." (Qur'an 59:22-24)
Do Islam, Christianity, and Judaism have different Origins?
"Say: We Believe in God and what has been revealed to us, and what
was revealed to Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the
tribes, and what was given to Moses and Jesus and to the prophets
from their Lord; we do not make any distinction between any of them,
and to Him (God) do we wholly give ourselves." (Qur'an 3:84)
Muhammad (peace be upon him) was born in Makkah in the year 570,
during the period of history Europeans called the Middle Ages.
Muhammad was the son of Aamenah and Abdullah, from the tribe of
Quraysh. He was a direct descendant of Ishmael, the eldest son of
prophet Abraham. Muhammad's father died just before he was born,
and his mother passed away when he was six. He was raised by this
grandfather, the chief of Makkah; and upon his grandfather's death,
Muhammad came under the care of his uncle, Abu Talib.
One of the reasons for the rapid and peaceful spread of Islam was the
purity of its doctrine - Islam calls for faith in only one God. This,
coupled with the Islamic concepts of equality, justice and freedom,
resulted in a united and peaceful community. People were free to
travel from Spain to China without fear, and without crossing any
borders.
Al-Idrisi (Dreses, 1099-1166) - made the first world maps that clearly
showed North, Central, and South America.
Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the very word of God Almighty: a
complete record of the exact words revealed by God through the
Archangel Gabriel to Prophet Muhammad (may the peace and
blessings of God be upon him).
The Qur'an is the principle source of every Muslim's faith and practice.
It deals with all subjects that concern us as human beings, including
wisdom, doctrine, worship and law; but its basic theme is the
relationship between God and His creatures. At the same time, the
Qur'an provides guidelines for a just society, proper human conduct
and equitable economic principles.
"He (God) has sent down to you the Book (the Qur'an) with truth,
confirming what was revealed before; And He sent down the Torah (of
Moses) and the Gospel (of Jesus) before this as a guide in humankind;
and He sent down the Criterion (the Qur'an)." (Qur'an 3:3-4)
Yes, the sunnah - the practice and example of the Prophet Muhammad
(peace and blessings be upon him) is the second source of inspiration
and instruction for Muslims. Belief in the sunnah is part of the Islamic
faith. The Prophet's sunnah and sayings were documented extensively
by his contemporaries and are known as hadith. Here are a few
examples of hadith from the Prophet:
"None of you truly believe until he wishes for his brother what he
wishes for himself."
"He who eats his fill while his neighbor goes without food is not a
believer."
"God does not judge you according to your bodies and appearances,
but He looks into your hearts and observes your deeds."
"Whoever does not express his gratitude to people shall never grateful
to God."
"Show mercy to those on earth, the One in Heaven will show mercy to
you."
"The world is green and beautiful and God has appointed you His
guardians over it."
"Forgive him who wrongs you; join him who cuts you off; do good to
him who does evil to you; and speak the truth even if it be against
yourself."
" 'A man walking along a path felt very thirsty. Reaching a well he
descended into it, drank his fill and came up. Then he saw a dog with
its tongue hanging out, trying to lick up mud to quench its thirst. The
man saw that the dog was feeling the same thirst as he had felt, so he
went down into the well again and filled his shoe with water and gave
the dog a drink. God forgave his sins for this action.' The Prophet was
asked: 'Messenger of God, are we rewarded for kindness towards
animals?' He said, 'There is a reward for kindness to every living
being.' "
Know that every Muslim is the brother of another Muslim. You are
equal. Nobody has superiority over others, except by piety and good
actions…
I leave behind two things, if you follow these you will never go astray:
the Book of God (the Qur'an) and my example."
The "five pillars" of Islam are the basis of Muslim life. Prophet
Muhammad is reported to have said:
The Prophet once asked his companions: "Do you think if there was a
river by the door and one of you bathed in it five times a day; would
there remain any dirt on him?" The Prophet's companions answered in
the negative. The Prophet then said: "That is how it is with the five
(daily) prayers; through them God washes away your sins."
The first person to call Muslims to prayer was a freed African slave
from Abyssinia, Bilal ibn Rabah. He was a beloved companion of
Prophet Muhammad. Bilal's rich and melodious voice called the
Muslims of Madinah to prayer five times a day.
Each Muslim calculates his or own zakah individually. This involves the
annual payments to those in need of 2.5% of one's assets, excluding
such items as primary residence, car and professional tools. Zakah is a
unique concept, compare to other forms of giving, in that it
redistributes the wealth of society; when applied correctly, it
effectively eliminates poverty.
Those who are sick, elderly, or on a journey, and women who are
pregnant or nursing, are permitted to break the fast and make up an
equal number of days later in the year. Children begin to fast (and to
observe prayers) from puberty, although many start earlier.
God states in the Qur'an: "O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for
you as it was prescribed to those before you that you may achieve
greater awareness (of God)." (Qur'an 2:183)
Fasting is not only beneficial to health, but it also allows one to truly
empathize with those less fortunate. However, fasting is mainly a
method of self-purification and self-restraint. By cutting oneself from
worldly comforts, even for a short time, a fasting person focuses on
his or her purpose in life by constantly being aware of God.
The annual Hajj begins in the twelfth month of the Islamic year. The
Islamic year is lunar, consequently Hajj occurs throughout all seasons
during one's lifetime.
The rites of the Hajj go back to Abraham and his family. They include
visiting the Ka'bah and standing together on the wide plains of 'Arafat
(a large expanse of desert outside of Makkah). Here pilgrims pray for
God's forgiveness, in what is often considered a preview of the Day of
Judgment. The Hajj provides a unique opportunity for Muslims to
reflect on their lives, to refocus on God, and to return to their families
and homes spiritually rejuvenated.
Although they did not reach an agreement on all matters of faith, they
left Madinah with a treaty of peace and cooperation given to them by
the Prophet. This, and similar incidents, are the examples for Muslims
and Christians to emulate in the pursuit of better interfaith relations.
Muslims love and respect Jesus. They consider him one of the greatest
of God's prophets and messengers to humankind. A Muslim never
refers to him simply as "Jesus," but always adds the phrase "may the
peace and blessing of God be upon him." The Qur'an confirms his
virgin birth, and a special chapter of the Qur'an is entitled "Mary." The
Qur'an describes the Annunciation as follows:
"The Angels said, 'O Mary! God has chosen you, and purified you, and
chosen you above all the women of all nations…'
'O Mary, God gives you good news of a word from Him, whose name is
the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, honored in this world and in the
Hereafter, and one of those brought near to God. He shall speak to the
people in infancy and in old age, and shall be of the righteous.'
She said: ' O my Lord! How shall I have a son when no man has
touched me?' He said: 'Even so; God creates what he wills. When He
decrees a thing, he says to it, "Be!" and it is."' (Qur'an 3:42, 45-7)
Jesus, like Muhammad, came to confirm and renew the basic doctrine
of the belief in One God brought by earlier prophets. In the Qur'an,
Jesus is reported as saying that he came: "To attest the Torah that
was before me. And to make lawful to you part of what was forbidden
to you; I have come to you with a sign from your Lord; so be
conscious of God and obey me." (Qur'an 3:50)
The very word "Islam" means peace. A fifth of the world's population is
reclaiming this peace as their chosen way of life.