ACC (Allied Control Council)- The 

Allied Control Council (ACC) for Germany oversaw the Allied Occupation Zones in

Germany. The ACC was established by agreement of June 5, 1945, supplemented by agreement of September 20 of that same
year, with its seat in Berlin. Its members were GB, France, the Soviet Union, and the USA. Cooperation by the ACC broke down
as the Soviets withdrew on March 20, 1948. The stage was set for the partition of Germany into two states. After the breakdown
of the ACC, West Germany (and West Berlin) was ruled by the Allied High Commission with membership from Britain, France,
and the United States, while East Germany (and East Berlin) was ruled by the Soviet High Commissioner. The role of the High
Commissioners ceased when each German state gained full sovereignty.The disbanding of the ACC announced by the Two Plus
Four Agreement in 1990.

4 d’s- Result of Potsdam Conference/Agreement.

 Demilitarisation- Germany military were re-badged to disassociate them from their recent war history, but were kept
active to face the new Soviet threat.
  Denazification- Allied initiative to rid German society, culture, press, economy, judiciary, and politics of
the Nazi regime. It was carried out specifically by removing those involved from positions of influence and by
disbanding the organizations associated with it.
 Democratisation- The reintroduction of democratic political parties in Germany was one of the primary concerns of the
Allies during the final phase of the war.
 Decentralization- movement of power from the states to the lander in attempt to prevent Nazi reemergence

SPD- The SPD was established as a socialist party in 1875. The current party platform of the SPD espouses the goal of social
democracy, which is seen as a vision of a societal arrangement in which freedom and social justice are paramount The
coordinated social market economy should be strengthened, and its output should be distributed fairly. The party sees that
economic system as necessary in order to ensure the affluence of the entire population. The SPD also tries to protect the society's
disadvantaged with a welfare state. European integration is one of the main priorities of the SPD.
CDU- center-right political party often allied with CSU. First proponent of the social market economy. CDU commits itself
to European integration and a strong relation with the USA. The CDU emphasizes curtailing red tape and the preservation of
cultural traditions. The CDU has also governed with the SPD in grand coalitions  The CDU, as a conservative party, supports
stronger punishments of crimes, and supports involvement on the part of theBundeswehr.
CSU- It operates only in the state of Bavaria, while its sister party, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), operates in the other
15 states of Germany. At the federal level, it forms a common faction in the Bundestag, the federal parliament, with the CDU.
This makes up the CDU/CSU faction, which is frequently referred to as die Unionsfraktion (the Union faction). The CSU
currently governs at the federal level with the CDU and FDP.

Die Linke- The Left aims for democratic socialism in order to overcome capitalism. As a platform for left politics in the wake
of globalization, The Left includes many different factions, ranging from communists to social democrats. Constiuentents include
mainly old communists. Far left party

Adenauer-  first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (then known as West Germany) from 1949–1963 and chairman
of the Christian Democratic Union from 1950 to 1966.  Achievements included the establishment of stable democracy,
reconciliation with France, move towards the West, joining NATO. Helped kick start West German model of a "social market
economy" 

Social market economy- The social market economy seeks a market economic system rejecting both socialism and laissez-
faire capitalism, combining private enterprise with measures of government regulation in an attempt to establish fair competition,
low inflation, low levels of unemployment, a standard of working conditions, and social welfare. Nominally respecting the free
market, the social market economy is opposed to both a strictly planned economy and laissez-faire capitalism.
Grand coalition- coalition between the Christian Democrats (together with the Bavarian CSU) and the Social Democrats, as they
are the two biggest parties. It was the result of arguments about tax rises between the CDU/CSU-FDP coalition of the time. The
FDP ministers stood down and a new government was formed with the SPD under Kurt Georg Kiesinger of the CDU. 1966, 2005

Willy Brandt-  German politician, once mayor of Berlin,  Chancellor of West Germany 1969–1974, and leader of the Social
Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1964–1987. Brandt's most important legacy was Ostpolitik, a policy aimed at improving
relations with East Germany, Poland, and the Soviet Union. This policy caused considerable controversy in West Germany. In
1974, Brandt resigned as Chancellor after  aid was exposed as an agent of the Stasi.
Ostpolitik- West German foreign policy begun in the late 1960s. Initiated by Willy Brandt as foreign minister and then
chancellor, the policy was one of détente with Soviet-bloc countries, recognizing the East German government and expanding
commercial relations with other Soviet-bloc countries. Continued by Chancellor Helmut Schmidt.

Erich Honecker- East German political leader. After war joined Socialist Unity (Communist) party and rose in the East German
party bureaucracy. He joined the secretariat of the Communist party central committee in 1958, with responsibility for security.
When Ulbricht resigned as party leader in 1971, Honecker succeeded him. In Oct., 1989, with resistance to the regime growing,
he was ousted from his posts by the East German Communist party. Fled Germany and eventually died in Chile

Zero hour-  Historically, Stunde Null specifically refers to the capitulation of the Nazi government on May 8, 1945, at midnight,
marking the end of World War II in Germany. Massive amounts of rubble and devastation were everywhere. Infrastructure and
industry were destroyed. Had to build back up from very bottom.

Berlin wall

Three competing images of Berlin

Kiez- German word that refers to a city neighbourhood, a relatively small community within a larger town. The word is mainly
used in Berlin and northern Germany. Most notably, the role of each quarter or quarters as a social reference, necessarily at a
fixed administrative boundaries is not oriented. In this framework, aneighborhood characterized by the fact that the residents here
on the completed urban infrastructure with shops and pubs available.  The residents remain in "their" neighborhood largely
among themselves. Shops settle here almost exclusively for the residents living there (as opposed to shopping centers ).

Plattenbau- German word for a building whose structure is constructed of large, prefabricated concrete slabs. The word is a
compound of Platte (here: panel) and Bau (building). Plattenbauten are often considered to be typical of East Germany.
Since reunification a combination of decreasing population, renovation of older buildings, and construction of modern alternative
housing has led to high vacancy rates, with some estimates placing the number of unoccupied units at around a million. 

Altbau- a residential building mainly because of its nature and during certain time periods normal design called. This housing is
essentially up to the Second World War meant the usual construction, typically in the masonry walls , beamed
ceilings and double windows were used.  Another criterion that is happy to be typical of a founding old building is called, is the
clear ceiling height of more than 3.00 meters. The term stands in contrast to the concept of the Plattenbau.

Monday demonstration-(Leipzig) the demonstrations began on 4 September 1989 after regular prayers for and eventually filled
the nearby downtown Karl Marx Square. Many dissatisfied East German citizens gathered in the court of the church, and non-
violent demonstrations began in order to demand rights such as the freedom to travel to foreign countries and to elect
a democratic government. People in other East German cities begun repeating the Leipzig demonstration. By 9 October 1989,
just after the 40th anniversary celebrations of the GDR, what had begun as a few hundred gatherers at the Nikolaikirche had
swelled to more than 70,000 (out of the city's population of 500,000), all united in peaceful opposition to the regime. The most
famous chant became Wir sind das Volk, reminding leaders that a democratic republic has to be ruled by the people, not by an
undemocratic party claiming to represent them. The demonstrations doubled in size the next two weeks up to 300,000 people.
This pressure led to the Fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989, marking the imminent fall of the socialist GDR regime.
Mediaspree- one of the largest investment projects in Berlin. It seeks the establishment of communications and media companies
along part of the Spree river bank and a restructuring of this sector to appropriate. In so far largely un-or zwischengenutzten land
to office buildings, lofts, hotels and other buildings. The plans come mainly from the 1990s, but were implemented at that time
because of the poor economic situation only in part. The initiators of the project see a great opportunity for East of Berlin, critics
of the sale of its valuable land. 
Hauptstadt debate
Bourgeoisification- The process adopting or the condition of adopting the characteristics of the bourgeoisie; embourgeoisement.

Church tax- Collection of church tax may be used to cover any church-related expenses such as founding institutions and
foundations or paying ministers. The church tax is only paid by members of the respective church. People who are not member of
a church tax-collecting denomination do not have to pay it. Members of a religious community under public law may formally
declare their wish to leave the community to state (not religious) authorities. With such a declaration, the obligation to pay church
taxes ends. Taxpayers, whether Roman Catholic, Protestant or members of other tax-collecting communities, pay between 8%.
Education system in Germany- Optional Kindergarten (nursery school) education is provided for all children between three and
six years of age, after which school attendance is compulsory, in most cases for 11 to 12 years. Most, however, first
attend Grundschule from the age of six to ten or 12. In contrast, secondary education includes four types of schools:
the Gymnasium is designed to prepare pupils for university education and finishes with the final examination, Abitur, after grade
12 or 13. The Realschule has a broader range of emphasis for intermediate pupils and finishes with the final examination after
grade 10; the Hauptschule prepares pupils for vocational education and finishes with the final examination, Hauptschulabschluss,
after grade 9 or 10 and the Realschulabschluss after grade 10.
Prenzlauer Berg

Kreuzberg

Multi-kulti- multiculturalism is the multicultural societyin which there is no governmental or non-incentive or "pressure"

to assimilation is to give. The ethnic and cultural groups would, instead, exist side by side. In this model is based on the premise
that the (members of) the respective ethnic groups are mutually understanding, respect felt for tolerance, and watch each other as
equals.
Aussiedler- German law allows persons of German descent living in Eastern Europe (Aussiedler/Spätaussiedler ("late
emigrants"; de:Aussiedler), see History of German settlement in Eastern Europe) to return to Germany and claim German
citizenship. As with many legal implementations of the Right of Return, the "return" to Germany of individuals who may never
have lived in Germany based on their ethnic origin has been controversial.
Anomie-  sociological term meaning "personal feeling of a lack of norms; normlessness". It describes the breakdown of social
norms and values.

Nischengesellschaft- „society of niches“

Grundgesetz- constitutional[1] law ofGermany. It was formally approved on 8 May 1949, and, with the signature of the Allies,
came into effect on 23 May 1949, as the constitution of West Germany. The German word Grundgesetz may be translated as
either Basic Law or Fundamental Law (Grund is cognate with the English word ground). Shortly after its adoption, the East
German Soviet occupation zonewas transformed into the communist German Democratic Republic (GDR) with its own
constitution. After reunification, the Basic Law remained in force, having proved itself as a stable foundation for
the thriving democracyin West Germany that had emerged from the ruins of World War II.  Article 1 of the Basic Law (in
German legal shorthand GG, for Grundgesetz), which establishes this principle that "human dignity is inviolable" and that human
rights are directly applicable law, as well as the general principles of the state in Article 20 GG, which
guarantees democracy,republicanism, social responsibility, federalism, and the right of resistance should anybody undertake to
abolish this order, remain under the guarantee of perpetuity stated in Article 79 Paragraph 3, i.e., those two cannot be
changed even if the normal amendment process is followed.
Verfassung- regulates the basic organizational state structure, territorial organization of the state, the relationship with its
member states and to other states as well as his relationship with his Normunterworfenen and their most important rights and
obligations. 

Rechtstaat- concept in continental European legal thinking, originally borrowed from German jurisprudence, which can be
translated as "state of law", "state of justice", or "state of rights". It is a "constitutional state" in which the exercise
of governmental power is constrained by the law,[1] and is often tied to the Anglo-American concept of therule of law.
In a Rechtsstaat, the power of the state is limited in order to protect citizens from the arbitrary exercise of authority. In
a Rechtsstaat the citizens share legally based civil liberties and they can use the courts. A country cannot be a liberal
democracy without first being a Rechtsstaat.
Bundestag-  parliament of Germany. It was established with Germany's constitution of1949 (the Grundgesetz) and is the
successor of the earlier Reichstag.  the legislative branch of the German political system. Although most legislation is initiated by
the executive branch, the Bundestag considers the legislative function its most important responsibility, concentrating much of its
energy on assessing and amending the government's legislative program. The committees play a prominent role in this process.
Plenary sessions provide a forum for members to engage in public debate on legislative issues before them, but they tend to be
well attended only when significant legislation is being considered. The Bundestag members are the only federal officials directly
elected by the public

Fraktion

Bundesregierung- the chief executive body of the Federal Republic of Germany. It consists of the Chancellor and the cabinet
ministers. The Chancellor is responsible for guiding the cabinet; the Chancellor decides what direction their policies will take and
bears the responsibility. The cabinet ministers have the freedom to carry out their duties independently but must follow the
Chancellor's directive. This is known as the Ressortprinzip or principle of departmentalization. The Chancellor decides the scope
of each minister's duties.

Adenauer (CDU), Erhard (CDU), Kiesinger (CDU), Brandt(SPD), Schmidt(SPD), Kohl(CDU), Schroeder(SPD),
Merkel(CDU)

Bundespraesident- elected by special convention. Duties:

Appointment of the Federal Government
Other appointments
Dissolution of the Bundestag
Signing of the law
Foreign relations
Pardons and honours
State of emergency

Bundeskanzler- The chancellor determines the composition of the Federal Cabinet. The President formally appoints and
dismisses cabinet ministers, at the recommendation of the chancellor; no parliamentary approval is needed.

Bundesversammlung-  special body in the institutional system of Germany, convened solely for the purpose of electing the
Bundespräsident, either every five years or within 30 days of a president's resignation, death or removal from
office.The Bundesversammlung includes the entire membership of the Bundestag, and an equal number of state delegates selected
by the state or 'Länder' parliaments specifically for this purpose, proportional to their population.
Bundesrat-  legislative body that represents the sixteen Länder(federal states) of Germany at the federal level. It has its seat at
the former Prussian House of Lords in Berlin. The Bundesrat participates in legislation, alongside of the Bundestag, the
parliament of Germany, with laws affecting state competences and all constitutional changes requiring the consent of the body.

Ivan Kreng

Inzenierung- staging

Kulturnation- defines a nationality more by a common cultural tradition and popular folklore than by national, political or
religious boundaries and was considered by some as being more suitable for Germany
UFA- the principal film studio in Germany, home of the German film industry during the Weimar Republic and through World
War II, and a major force in world cinema from 1917 to 1945.

DEFA-  the public-owned film studio in the German Democratic Republic throughout that country's history.

Schlager- typical schlager tracks are either sweet, highly sentimental ballads with a simple, catchy melody or light pop tunes.
Lyrics typically center on love, relationships and feelings

Ostalgie-  German term referring to nostalgia for aspects of life in East Germany. many of the symbols of the old regime were
swept away as former citizens of the German Democratic Republic embraced their newfound political and economic freedoms.
Almost all GDR brands of products disappeared from the stores and were replaced by Western products. However, with the
passing of time some East Germans began to feel nostalgia for certain aspects of their lives in East Germany.