Slide 1

PARALELISMO
r C α : r está contido no plano α
sCα
tCα
Retas coplanares t

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Slide 2

α r // s
Retas paralelas

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Slide 3

Retas concorrentes: r e s – possuem um único ponto em comum

r P

s D

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Slide 4

Ângulos formados por duas retas concorrentes

B
C

O AÔD

A
≅ D
AÔB
DÔC
CÔB

Quais os ângulos congruentes?

Caso especial: ângulos retos!
≅

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Slide 5

Ângulos formados por duas retas coplanares e uma transversal

Região externa t
r

Região interna

s
Região externa

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Slide 6

A transversal t divide o plano em duas

regiões, determinando ângulos numa
mesma região ou em regiões alternadas em
relação a esta transversal
Região externa t
r

Região interna

s
Região externa

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Slide 7

Ângulos correspondentes

Mesmo lado da transversal,

sendo um interno e outro
externo

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Slide 8

Ângulos alternos internos

Estão na região interna das

coplanares r e s, alternados
em relação a t

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Slide 9

Ângulos alternos externos

Estão na região externa das

coplanares r e s, alternados
em relação a t

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Slide 10

Ângulos colaterais internos (e externos)

Estão na região interna

(externa) das coplanares r e
s, situados do mesmo lado
da transversal t

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Slide 11

Exercício 1 r//s

C
D
r O
B
A
F E
s P

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Slide 12

Exercício 2

r r//s

!
510
48O
960
s

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Slide 13

Ângulos e Diagonais de um Polígono

Ângulos internos de um triângulo

a+b+c=180o
b c
a
r

b c s
a

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Slide 14

Ângulos externos de um triângulo

b e s
c
a

e=a+b

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Slide 15

Exercício 3
Na figura seguinte, sendo a reta r paralela à reta s, a
sentença verdadeira é:
t

42o
r

x
y z s

a) y mede 138o e x e z são alternos internos

b) x mede 42o e x e z são correspondentes
c) y mede 42o e x e z são alternos internos
d) x mede 138o e x e z são opostos pelo vértice.

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Slide 16

Exercício 4
Na figura a seguir, tem-se r//s e t e u
transversais. Qual o valor de α + β?
u
70o 20o
r

s
β

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Slide 17

Exercício 5

Sabendo-se que t//u, qual o valor de y?

t
100o

60o u

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Slide 18

Exercício 6

Qual a medida do ângulo x, sabendo que r//s?

r
120o

160o

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Slide 19

Exercício 7

Na figura a seguir, tem-se BC ≅ CD e AB // CE. Qual o valor de x?

A E

D x
32o
126o

B C

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Slide 20

Exercício 8

Quando duas retas paralelas coplanares r e s são cortadas por

uma transversal t, elas formam:

a) ângulos alternos externos suplementares

b) ângulos colaterais internos complementares
c) ângulos alternos externos e internos congruentes
d) ângulos correspondentes congruentes

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Slide 21

Ângulos internos de um polígono

F

E
A
D
B
C

Teremos tantos triângulos quantos forem os lados menos 2

6 lados (6 – 2) triângulos

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Slide 22

Quadriláteros = 4 lados
Pentágono = 5 lados
Decágono = 10 lados
Hexágono = 6 lados
Octógono = 8 lados
Heptágono = 7 lados
Pentadecágono = 15 lados
Icoságono = 20 lados
Eneágono = 9 lados

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Slide 23

De um modo geral, se um polígono tiver n lados, teremos:

n lados (n – 2) triângulos

A soma dos n ângulos internos de um polígono convexo de n lados é:

n lados (n – 2) 180o

Polígono Regular: In = (n – 2) 180o

n

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Slide 24

Diagonais de um Polígono

E
A
D
B
C
Número de diagonais de um polígono de n lados

Dn= n . (n-3)
2

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Slide 25

Ângulos externos de um polígono

f’ F
e’
f
E
A e d’
a d
b
c D a+a’=180o
a’
B c’ b+b’=180o
b’ C c+c’=180o
d+d’ =180o
e+e’=180o
f+f’=180o

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Slide 26

Quadriláteros
Polígonos de quatro lados

paralelogramo
Tem os lados opostos paralelos

trapézio
Tem apenas dois lados opostos paralelos

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Slide 27

Classificação dos paralelogramos

-losangos
-retângulos
-quadrados

Propriedades:

*Em todo paralelogramo, os lados opostos são congruentes

*Em todo paralelogramo os ângulos opostos são congruentes
*Em todo paralelogramo, as diagonais se cortam mutuamente ao meio

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Slide 28

Propriedades dos losangos

Em todo losango as diagonais são perpendiculares

Em todo losango as diagonais são bissetrizes dos ângulos internos

Propriedades dos retângulos

Em todo retângulo as medidas das diagonais são iguais

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Slide 29

CLASSIFICAÇÃO DOS TRAPÉZIOS

Trapézio retângulo

Trapézio isósceles lados não-paralelos congruentes

Propriedades dos trapézios

Em todo trapézio isósceles, os ângulos adjacentes a uma
mesma base são congruentes

Em todo trapézio, a base média é paralela às outras base e

mede a semi-soma das medidas dessas bases

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Slide 30

A Circunferência e o Círculo
Dados um ponto O de um plano e uma
distância r, chama-se circunferência de centro r
O e raio r ao conjunto dos pontos que distam
r de O. O

Ao conjunto de pontos obtido pela reunião r

da circunferência com a região interna a ela
chamamos de círculo O

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Slide 31

Elementos da circunferência
Corda da circunferência: AB es CD
Diâmetro da circunferência: CD

Arcos da circunferência: EF e EPF

P
F

C D
B
A

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Slide 32

POSIÇÕES RELATIVAS

t é externa a C
r é tangente a C t
s é secante a C

r
s

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Slide 33

Posições relativas: duas circuferências

C e C’’ são secantes
C’’’ é externa a C C’’
C E
C’’’
D F
C’’’’

P C’

C e C’ são tangentes externamente

C e C’’’’ são tangentes internamente

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Slide 34

Ângulos e arcos de uma circunferência

Ângulo central B !
med(AÔB) = med(AB)

O
A B

! O Ângulo inscrito
med(AÔ’B) = med(AB)
2 O’
A

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Slide 35

B AÔ’B é um ângulo de segmento

O’
O A

Ângulo de segmento é o ângulo inscrito onde um dos

lados é uma reta tangente à circunferência

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Slide 36

Ângulo excêntrico interior : tem o D

vértice interior à circunferência e
não-coincidente com o centro A C
" + med (CD)
med(AÊB) = med(AB) " O
E

2
B
Ângulo excêntrico exterior : tem o
A vértice exterior à circunferência e
os lados são semi-retas que
O possuem pelo menos um ponto
B comum com essa circunferência
C
D med(AÊB) = med(AB)
"
" - med (CD)
" "
2

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Slide 37

EXERCÍCIOS
9. Determine o valor de x na figura

20o
30o x

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Slide 38

10. Cálcule a medida do ângulo interno dos seguintes

polígonos regulares:

Quadriláteros = 4 lados
Pentágono = 5 lados
Decágono = 10 lados
Hexágono = 6 lados
Octógono = 8 lados
Heptágono = 7 lados
Pentadecágono = 15 lados
Icoságono = 20 lados
Eneágono = 9 lados

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Slide 39

11. Num polígono regular, o ângulo interno é o dobro do

ângulo externo. Quantos lados tem esse polígono?

12. Num polígono regular, o ângulo interno é igual ao ângulo

externo. Quantos lados tem esse polígono, e quanto mede cada
ângulo?
13. Num polígono regular, cada ângulo interno mede 135o.
Quantas diagonais tem esse polígono?

14. Num polígono convexo, a soma das medidas dos ângulos

internos excede à soma das medidas dos ângulos externos em 540o.
Qual é esse polígono?

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Slide 40

15. Qual é o polígono regular cuja medida do ângulo interno é

o quíntuplo da medida do ângulo externo?

16. Num quadrilátero, a medida de cada ângulo supera a

medida do anterior em 40o. Calcule as medidas dos ângulos
desse quadrilátero.

" "
17. O arco AB é a metade do arco CD. Traçam-se DA e CB, que
" "
se cortam num ponto exterior, formando um ângulo de 35o.
Determine as medidas dos arcos AB e CD.

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Slide 41

18. São dadas duas circunferências secantes, de centro O1 e

O2, cujos raios medem, respectivamente, 9 cm e 17 cm. Sendo
x a distância entre os centros O1 e O2, o que poderemos
concluir sobre essa distância?

17
9
O1 x O2

|r-r’|<x<|r+r’|
8<x<26

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Slide 42

REVISÃO

1. Dados dois polígonos regulares, com (n+1) lados

e n lados, respectivamente. Determine n, sabendo
que o ângulo interno do primeiro polígono excede
o ângulo interno do segundo em 5 graus.

2. São dadas duas circunferências secantes, de

centros O1 e O2, cujos raios medem,
respectivamente, 5 m e 10 m. Sabendo-se que a
distância entre os pontos de intersecção das
circunferências é de 8 m, determine a distância entre
os centros O1 e O2.

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Slide 43

3. Entre duas retas paralelas r e s tem-se o

ponto de intersecção de duas retas
concorrentes t e m. A transversal t faz um
ângulo de 30o com a reta r e a transversal m
faz um ângulo de 45o com a reta s. Determine
os ângulos internos dos triângulos formados
pelas retas paralelas e as retas transversais.

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Slide 44

4. As circunferências são tangentes em Q e PA e PB são

tangentes às circunferências. Determine a medida do
ângulo AQB nos casos:
a) onde t é tangente comum e APB = 80 graus

Q
A B

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Slide 45

b) com APB = 100 graus

Q B

A P

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Slide 46

5) O arco AB é a metade do arco CD. Traçam-se DA

e CB, que se cortam num ponto exterior, formando
um ângulo de 35o. Determine as medidas dos arcos
AB e CD.

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