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    XML Schema is an XML based alternative to DTD An XML schema describes the structure of an XML document. It is a language that defines the legal building blocks of an XML document, just like a DTD defines elements that can appear in a document defines attributes that can appear.

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    XML Schema is an XML based alternative to DTD An XML schema describes the structure of an XML document. It is a language that defines the legal building blocks of an XML document, just like a DTD defines elements that can appear in a document defines attributes that can appear.

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    29 views7 pages

    Institute of Computing Science Poznań University of Technology

    Uploaded by

    subramanyam62
    XML Schema is an XML based alternative to DTD An XML schema describes the structure of an XML document. It is a language that defines the legal building blocks of an XML document, just like a DTD defines elements that can appear in a document defines attributes that can appear.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 7

    What is XML Schema?

    XML Schema is an XML based alternative to DTD


    An XML schema describes the structure of an XML document
    The XML Schema language is also referred to as XML Schema
    XML Schema Definition (XSD)

    The purpose of an XML Schema is to define the legal building blocks of


    :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: an XML document, just like a DTD

    Institute of Computing Science defines elements that can appear in a document


    Poznań University of Technology
    defines attributes that can appear in a document
    defines which elements are child elements
    v1.9, 2008/03/04
    defines the order of child elements
    defines the number of child elements (NEW!)
    defines whether an element is empty or can include text
    defines data types for elements and attributes (NEW!)
    defines default and fixed values for elements and attributes

    :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [1/25]

    Why not DTD? XML Schema Advantages


    XML Schemas are extensible to future additions
    XML Schemas are richer and more useful than DTDs
    XML Schemas are written in XML
    Secure Data Communication
    You don’t have to learn another language
    You can use your XML editor to edit your Schema files data type date requires the format CCYY-MM-DD
    You can use your XML parser to parse your Schema files
    <date type="date">1999-03-11</date>
    You can manipulate your Schema with the XML DOM
    You can transform your Schema with XSLT
    XML Schemas are Extensible
    XML Schemas support data types
    It is easier to describe permissible document content Reuse your schema in other schemas
    It is easier to validate the correctness of data Create your own data types derived from standard types
    It is easier to work with data from a database Reference multiple schemas from the same document
    It is easier to define data facets (restrictions on data)
    It is easier to define data patterns (data formats)
    It is easier to convert data between different data types
    XML Schemas support namespaces
    Well-Formed is not enough
    :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [2/25] :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [3/25]
    Example XML Document with DTD Example XML Schema

    XML document <?xml version="1.0"?>

    <xs:schema
    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
    targetNamespace="http://www.put.poznan.pl"
    <note>
    xmlns="http://www.put.poznan.pl"
    <to>Tove</to>
    elementFormDefault="qualified">
    <from>Jani</from>
    <heading>Reminder</heading>
    <xs:element name="note">
    <body>Don’t forget me this weekend!</body>
    <xs:complexType>
    </note>
    <xs:sequence>
    <xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/>
    DTD <xs:element name="from" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/>
    <!ELEMENT note (to, from, heading, body)> <xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/>
    <!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)> </xs:sequence>
    <!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)> </xs:complexType>
    <!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)> </xs:element>
    <!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
    </xs:schema>

    :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [4/25] :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [5/25]

    Reference to Formal Document Description The <schema> Element

    <xs:schema

    Reference to DTD
    XS namespace:
    <!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "http://www.put.poznan.pl/dtd/note.dtd">
    xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"

    Reference to XML Schema


    Namespace of the document:
    <note xmlns="http://www.put.poznan.pl"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" targetNamespace="http://www.put.poznan.pl"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.put.poznan.pl/note.xsd">
    Default namespace:
    <to>Tove</to>
    <from>Jani</from> xmlns="http://www.put.poznan.pl"
    <heading>Reminder</heading>
    <body>Don’t forget me this weekend!</body>
    </note> Any elements used by the XML instance document which were declared
    in this schema must be namespace qualified:

    elementFormDefault="qualified">

    :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [6/25] :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [7/25]
    Types Attributes

    Complex Type contains other elements


    Simple Type can contain only text. It cannot contain any other
    elements or attributes
    All attributes are declared as simple types
    Simple elements Only complex elements can have attributes

    <xs:element name="xxx" type="yyy"/> Definition

    Common data types: <xs:attribute name="xxx" type="yyy"/>

    xs:string xs:decimal xs:integer All attributes are optional by default


    xs:boolean xs:date xs:time
    <xs:attribute name="lang" type="xs:string" use="optional"/>
    Default value: <xs:attribute name="lang" type="xs:string" use="required"/>

    <xs:element name="color" type="xs:string" default="red"/>


    <xs:element name="color" type="xs:string" fixed="red"/>
    ^^^^^
    cannot be modified

    :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [8/25] :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [9/25]

    XML Schema Restrictions Enumerated Restrictions

    <xs:element name="car">
    <xs:simpleType>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
    Restrictions on XML elements are called facets <xs:enumeration value="Audi"/>
    <xs:enumeration value="Honda"/>
    Example: age must be between 0 and 100 <xs:enumeration value="BMW"/>
    </xs:restriction>
    <xs:element name="age"> </xs:simpleType>
    </xs:element>
    <xs:simpleType>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:integer">
    <xs:minInclusive value="0"/>
    or define a new type carType:
    <xs:maxInclusive value="100"/>
    </xs:restriction> <xs:element name="car" type="carType"/>
    </xs:simpleType>
    <xs:simpleType name="carType">
    </xs:element> <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
    <xs:enumeration value="Audi"/>
    <xs:enumeration value="Honda"/>
    <xs:enumeration value="BMW"/>
    </xs:restriction>
    </xs:simpleType>

    :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [10/25] :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [11/25]
    Pattern Restrictions White Spaces

    Example

    Example <xs:element name="address">

    <xs:element name="letter"> <xs:simpleType>


    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
    <xs:simpleType> <xs:whiteSpace value="preserve"/>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> </xs:restriction>
    <xs:pattern value="[a-z]"/> </xs:simpleType>
    </xs:restriction>
    </xs:simpleType> </xs:element>

    </xs:element> Possible values

    Regular expressions, e.g.: zipcode preserve white spaces will be preserved from the document
    replace all line feeds, tabs, spaces, and carriage returns will be
    <xs:pattern value="[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{3}"/>
    replaced with spaces
    collapse all white space characters will be replaced with a single
    space

    :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [12/25] :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [13/25]

    Restrictions on Lengths Complex Types


    A complex element contains other elements and/or attributes.
    Example Types of complex types
    <xs:element name="password">
    <xs:simpleType> empty elements
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> elements that contain only other elements
    <xs:length value="8"/>
    </xs:restriction> elements that contain only text
    </xs:simpleType> elements that contain both other elements and text
    </xs:element>

    Examples
    Length range
    1. <product pid="1345"/>
    <xs:simpleType> 2. <employee>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <firstname>John</firstname>
    <xs:minLength value="5"/> <lastname>Smith</lastname>
    <xs:maxLength value="8"/> </employee>
    </xs:restriction> 3. <food type="dessert">Ice cream</food>
    </xs:simpleType> 4. <description>
    It happened on <date lang="norwegian">03.03.99</date> ....
    </description>

    :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [14/25] :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [15/25]
    Complex Type Definition Type Inheritance
    Examples

    <xs:element name="employee"> <xs:complexType name="personinfo">


    <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence>
    <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence>
    </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType>
    </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element> <xs:complexType name="fullpersoninfo">
    <xs:complexContent>
    <xs:extension base="personinfo">
    Elements in sequence must come in that order. <xs:sequence>
    <xs:element name="address" type="xs:string"/>
    Named types
    <xs:element name="city" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:element name="country" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:element name="employee" type="personinfo"/> </xs:sequence>
    <xs:complexType name="personinfo"> </xs:extension>
    <xs:sequence> </xs:complexContent>
    <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:complexType>
    <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/>
    </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>

    :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [16/25] :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [17/25]

    Complex Type Definition Examples Indicators


    Single attribute
    Indicators specify HOW elements are to be used in documents.
    <xs:element name="product"> Order indicators:
    <xs:complexType>
    <xs:attribute name="prodID" type="xs:positiveInteger"/>
    </xs:complexType> All — all child elements must occur in any order
    </xs:element> Choice — either one child element or another
    Sequence — child elements must appear in a specific order
    Text only

    <xs:element name="somename"> Occurrence indicators:


    <xs:complexType>
    <xs:simpleContent> maxOccurs — number or unbounded
    <xs:restriction base="basetype">
    ... minOccurs
    </xs:restriction>
    </xs:simpleContent> Group indicators:
    </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>
    <group> — defines an element group
    <xs:complexType mixed="true"> allows to mix subelemements and <attributeGroup> — defines an attribute group
    text
    :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [18/25] :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [19/25]
    Indicator Example (I) Indicator Example (II)
    <xs:element name="persons">
    <xs:complexType> <xs:group name="persongroup">
    <xs:sequence> <xs:sequence>
    <xs:element name="person" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:complexType> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="birthday" type="xs:date"/>
    <xs:element name="full_name" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence>
    <xs:element name="child_name" type="xs:string" </xs:group>
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="5"/>
    </xs:sequence> <xs:complexType name="personinfo">
    </xs:complexType> <xs:sequence>
    </xs:element> <xs:group ref="persongroup"/>
    </xs:sequence> <xs:element name="country" type="xs:string"/>
    </xs:complexType> </xs:sequence>
    </xs:element> </xs:complexType>

    <persons>
    <person>
    <full_name>Tove Refsnes</full_name>
    <child_name>Hege</child_name> <xs:attributeGroup name="..."> defines a new attribute group
    <child_name>Stale</child_name> <xs:attributeGroup ref="..."/> references the group
    </person>
    </persons>

    :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [20/25] :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [21/25]

    <any> and <anyAttribute> Elements Element Substitution

    The <any> element enables us to extend the XML document with


    elements not specified by the schema:

    <xs:element name="person"> <xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/>


    <xs:complexType> <xs:element name="nazwisko" substitutionGroup="name"/>
    <xs:sequence>
    <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> Both document fragments are valid:
    <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:any minOccurs="0"/> <!-- so it is optional -->
    <name>Smith</name>
    </xs:sequence>
    <nazwisko>Sobaniec</nazwisko>
    </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>

    The <anyAttribute> element enables us to extend the XML


    document with attributes not specified by the schema

    :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [22/25] :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [23/25]
    XML Schema Data Types Documentation
    xs:string regular string
    xs:normalizedString
    tabs are replaced with spaces
    xs:token XML processor will remove line feeds, carriage returns,
    XML Schema is a W3C Recommendation
    tabs, leading and trailing spaces, and multiple spaces
    xs:date uses notation CCYY-MM-DD XML Schema was originally proposed by Microsoft, but became an
    xs:time uses notation hh:mm:ss official W3C recommendation in May 2001.
    xs:dateTime uses notation CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm.ss
    XML Schema Part 1: Structures.
    xs:duration uses notation PnYnMnDTnHnMnS, eg. P5Y2M10D means http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/.
    5 years, 2 months and 10 days
    xs:decimal floating point numbers XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes.
    http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
    xs:integer decimal numbers
    xs:byte, xs:long, xs:short
    other decimal number types
    xs:boolean logical
    xs:hexBinary, base64Binary, xs:anyURI
    other data types
    :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [24/25] :: based on W3Schools tutorial :: XML Schema [25/25]

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