Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers. Find all real solutions (x, y, z) of the sistem:
ax + by = (x − y)2 by + cz = (y − z)2 cz + ax = (z − x)2
3. Show that for any positive integer m, there exists a positive integer n so that in the
decimal representations of the numbers 5m and 5n , the representation of 5n ends in
the representation of 5m .
4.
1985
2. Let a, b, c, d ∈ [− π2 , π2 ] be real numbers such that sin a + sin b + sin c + sin d = 1 and
cos 2a + cos 2b + cos 2c + cos 2d ≥ 10 π
3 . Prove that a, b, c, d ∈ [0, 6 ]
3. Let S be the set of all positive integers of the form 19a + 85b, where a, b are arbitrary
positive integers. On the real axis, the points of S are colored in red and the remaining
integer numbers are colored in green. Find, with proof, whether or not there exists a
point A on the real axis such that any two points with integer coordinates which are
symmetrical with respect to A have necessarily distinct colors.
4. There are 1985 participants to an international meeting. In any group of three par-
ticipants there are at least two who speak the same language. It is known that each
participant speaks at most five languages. Prove that there exist at least 200 partici-
pans who speak the same language.
1986
1. A line passing through the incenter I of the triangle ABC intersect its incircle at D
and E and its circumcircle at F and G, in such a way that the point D lies between
I and F . Prove that: DF · EG ≥ r2 .
4. Let ABC a triangle and P a point such that the triangles P AB, P BC, P CA have the
same area and the same perimeter. Prove that if:
a) P is in the interior of the trinagle ABC then ABC is equilateral. b) P is in the
exterior of the trinagle ABC then ABC is right angled triangle. ;)[
1987
1
1. Let a be a real number and let f : R → R be a function satisfying: f (0) = 2 and
f (x + y) = f (x)f (a − y) + f (y)f (a − x), ∀x, y ∈ R. Prove that f is constant.
2. √
Find all real
√ numbers √
x, y greater
√ than 1, satisfying the condition that the numbers
x − 1 + y − 1 and x + 1 + y + 1 are nonconsecutive integers.
1988
1. Let ABC be a triangle and let M, N, P be points on the line BC such that AM, AN, AP
are the altitude, the angle bisector and the median of the triangle, respectively. It is
known that
√
[AM P ] 1 [AN P ] 3
[ABC] = 4 and [ABC] =1− 2 . Find the angles of triangle ABC.
2. Find all polynomials of two variables P (x, y) which satisfy P (a, b)P (c, d) = P (ac +
bd, ad + bc), ∀a, b, c, d ∈ R
3. Let ABCD be a tetrahedron and let d be the sum of squares of its edges’ lengths.
Prove that the tetrahedron can be included in a region
√
bounded by two parallel planes,
the distances between the planes being at most 2√d3
4. Let (an )n≥1 be a sequence defined by an = 2n + 49. Find all values of n such
that an = pg, an+1 = rs, where p, q, r, s are prime numbers with p < q, r < s and
q − p = s − r.
1989
1. Let n be a positive integer and let d1 , ..., dk be its divisors, such that 1 = d1 < d2 <3
... < dk = n. Find all values of n for which k ≥ 4 and n = d21 + d22 + d23 + d24 .
2. Let an an−1 ...a1 a0 be the decimal representation of a prime positive integer such that
n > 1 and an > 1. Prove that the polynomial P (x) = an xn + ... + a1 x + a0 cannot be
written as a product of two nonconstant integer polynomials.
3. Let G be the centroid of a triangle ABC and let d be a line that intersects AB and
AC at B1 and C1 , respectively, such that the points A and G are not separated by d.
Prove that: [BB1 GC1 ] + [CC1 GB1 ] ≥ 94 [ABC].
4. The elements of the set F are some subsets of {1, 2, ..., n} and satisfy the conditions:
i) if A belongs to F , then A has three elements; ii)if A and B are distinct elements
of F , then A and B have at most one common element. Let f (n) be the greatest
2 2
possible number of elements of F . Prove that n −4n
6 ≤ f (n) ≤ n 6−n
1990
1991
1992
4n 4n
1. For all positive integers m, n define f (m, n) = m3 +6 − m3 +4 − m5 + m3 . Find all
numbers n with the property that f (m, n) is divisible by 1992 for every m.
2. Prove that for all positive integers n the following inequality takes place
4. For each integer n ≥ 3, find the smallest natural number f (n) having the following
property:
? For every subset A ⊂ {1, 2, . . . , n} with f (n) elements, there exist elements x, y, z ∈
A that are pairwise coprime.
1993
1. An acute angle XAY and a point P inside the angle are given. Construct (using a
ruler and a compass) a line that passes through P and intersects the rays AX and
AY at B and C such that the area of the triangle ABC equals AP 2 .
2. et n be an integer. Prove that the polynomial f (x) has at most one zero, where
4. Find the smallest number n ≥ 5 for which there can exist a set of n people, such
that any two people who are acquainted have no common acquaintances, and any two
people who are not acquainted have exactly two common acquaintances.
1995
x+y
1. or all real numbers x, y define x ? y = 1+xy . Evaluate the expression
(· · · (((2 ? 3) ? 4) ? 5) ? · · · ) ? 1995.
2. The circles C1 (O1 , r1 ) and C2 (O2 , r2 ), r2 > r1 , intersect at A and B such that
∠O1 AO2 = 90◦ . The line O1 O2 meets C1 at C and D, and C2 at E and F (in
the order C, E, D, F ). The line BE meets C1 at K and AC at M , and the line BD
meets C2 at L and AF at N . Prove that
r2 KE LN
= · .
r1 KM LD
3. Let a and b be natural numbers with a > b and having the same parity. Prove that
the solutions of the equation
1996
6 1. Let O be the circumcenter and G be the centroid of a triangle ABC. If R and r are
the circumcenter and incenter of the triangle, respectively, prove that
p
OG ≤ R(R − 2r).
2. Let p be a prime number with p > 5. Consider the set X = p − n2 | n ∈ N, n2 < p .
Prove that the set X has two distinct elements x and y such that x 6= 1 and x | y.
4. Suppse that X = {1, 2, . . . , 21996 − 1}, prove that there exist a subset A that satisfies
these conditions:
a) 1 ∈ A and 21996 − 1 ∈ A;
b) Every element of A except 1 is equal to the sum of two (possibly equal) elements
from A;
c) The maximum number of elements of A is 2012.
1997
where by A[ABCD] we have denoted the area of ABCD. Prove that ABCD is a
square and O is its center.
3. The circles C1 and C2 touch each other externally at D, and touch a circle ω internally
at B and C, respectively. Let A be an intersection point of ω and the common tangent
to C1 and C2 at D. Lines AB and AC meet C1 and C2 again at K and L, respectively,
and the line BC meets C1 again at M and C2 again at N . Prove that the lines AD,
KM , LN are concurrent.
1998
7
j k
k2
1. Consider the finite sequence 1998 , for k = 1, 2, . . . , 1997. How many distinct terms
are there in this sequence?
2. Let n ≥ 2 be an integer, and let 0 < a1 < a2 < · · · < a2n+1 be real numbers. Prove
the inequality
√ √ √ √ p
n
a1 − n a2 + n a3 − · · · + n a2n+1 < n a1 − a2 + a3 − · · · + a2n+1 .
3. Let S denote the set of points inside or on the border of a triangle ABC, without a
fixed point T inside the triangle. Show that S can be partitioned into disjoint closed
segemnts.
x2 + 4 = y 5 .
1999
1. Let O be the circumcenter of the triangle ABC. The segment XY is the diameter of
the circumcircle perpendicular to BC and it meets BC at M . The point X is closer
to M than Y and Z is the point on M Y such that M Z = M X. The point W is the
midpoint of AZ.
a) Show that W lies on the circle through the midpoints of the sides of ABC;
b) Show that M W is perpendicular to AY .
3. Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle of area 1. Show that the triangle whose vertices
are the feet of the perpendiculars from the centroid G to AB, BC, CA has area
4
between 27 and 14 .
2000
for all x, y ∈ R.
8 2. Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle and D the midpoint of BC. Let E be a point
on segment AD and M its projection on BC. If N and P are the projections of M
on AB and AC then the interior angule bisectors of ∠N M P and ∠N EP are parallel.
√
3. How many 1 × 10 2 rectangles can be cut from a 50 × 90 rectangle using cuts parallel
to its edges?
4. Show that for any n we can find a set X of n distinct integers greater than 1, such
that the average of the elements of any subset of X is a square, cube or higher power.
2001
1. Let a, b, n be positive integers such that 2n −1 = ab. Let k ∈ N such that ab+a−b−1 ≡
0 (mod 2k ) and ab + a − b − 1 6= 0 (mod 2k+1 ). Prove that k is even.
2. A convex pentagon ABCDE has rational sides and equal angles. Show that it is
regular.
3. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers with abc ≤ a + b + c. Show that
√
a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ 3abc.
4. A cube side 3 is divided into 27 unit cubes. The unit cubes are arbitrarily labeled 1
to 27 (each cube is given a different number). A move consists of swapping the cube
labeled 27 with one of its 6 neighbours. Is it possible to find a finite sequence of moves
at the end of which cube 27 is in its original position, but cube n has moved to the
position originally occupied by 27 − n (for each n = 1, 2, . . . , 26)?
2002
1. Can one find 4004 positive integers such that the sum of any 2003 of them is not
divisible by 2003?
2. Let ABC be a triangle, and let the tangent to the circumcircle of the triangle ABC
at A meet the line BC at D. The perpendicular to BC at B meets the perpendicular
bisector of AB at E. The perpendicular to BC at C meets the perpendicular bisector
of AC at F . Prove that the points D, E and F are collinear.
3. Find all functions f : Q → R which fulfill the following conditions:
a) f (1) + 1 > 0;
b) f (x + y) − xf (y) − yf (x) = f (x)f (y) − x − y + xy, for all x, y ∈ Q;
c) f (x) = 2f (x + 1) + x + 2, for every x ∈ Q.
4. A rectangle ABCD has side lengths AB = m, AD = n, with m and n relatively prime
and both odd. It is divided into unit squares and the diagonal AC intersects the sides
of the unit squares at the points A1 = A, A2 , A3 , . . . , Ak = C. Show that
√
m2 + n2
A1 A2 − A2 A3 + A3 A4 − · · · + Ak−1 Ak = .
mn
2004
a2 b2 c2 4(a − b)2
+ + ≥a+b+c+ .
b c a a+b+c
When does equality occur?
2006
1 1 1 3
+ + ≥ .
a (b + 1) b (c + 1) c (a + 1) 1 + abc
2. Let ABC be a triangle and m a line which intersects the sides AB and AC at interior
points D and F , respectively, and intersects the line BC at a point E such that C lies
between B and E. The parallel lines from the points A, B, C to the line m intersect
the circumcircle of triangle ABC at the points A1 , B1 and C1 , respectively (apart
from A, B, C). Prove that the lines A1 E , B1 F and C1 D pass through the same
point.
1
3. Find all triplets of positive rational numbers (m, n, p) such that the numbers m + np ,
1 1
n + pm , p + mn are integers.
Find all values of a such that the sequence is periodical (starting from the beginning).
2007
1. Let ABCD a convex quadrilateral with AB = BC = CD, with AC not equal to BD 11
and E be the intersection point of it’s diagonals. Prove that AE = DE if and only if
∠BAD + ∠ADC = 120.
3. Find all positive integers n such that there exist a permutation σ on the set {1, 2, 3, . . . , n}
for which v
u s r
u q p
t
σ(1) + σ(2) + . . . + σ(n − 1) + σ(n)
is a rational number.
4. For a given positive integer n > 2, let C1 , C2 , C3 be the boundaries of three convex n−
gons in the plane , such that C1 ∩ C2 , C2 ∩ C3 , C1 ∩ C3 are finite. Find the maximum
number of points of the sets C1 ∩ C2 ∩ C3 .
2008
1. Given a scalene acute triangle ABC with AC > BC let F be the foot of the altitude
from C. Let P be a point on AB, different from A so that AF = P F . Let H, O, M
be the orthocenter, circumcenter and midpoint of [AC]. Let X be the intersection
point of BC and HP . Let Y be the intersection point of OM and F X and let OF
intersect AC at Z. Prove that F, M, Y, Z are concyclic.
2009