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Loop diuretics constitute a family of drugs that remove water from the body. They
are referred to as potassium-depleting, as they cause the body to lose potassium as
well as water. Potassium-depleting diuretics also cause the body to lose
magnesium. Loop diuretics are diuretics that act on the ascending loop of Henle in
the kidney. They are primarily used in medicine to
treat hypertension and edema often due to congestive heart failure or renal
insufficiency. While thiazide diuretics are more effective in patients with normal
kidney function, loop diuretics are more effective in patients with impaired kidney
function.
Furosemide
Conten
Furosemide
ts
Indicatio Treatment of edema associated w/ CHF, renal & hepatic
ns disorders. Management of oliguria due to renal failure &
insufficiency. Mild to moderate HTN. Severe hypercalcemia.
Adjunct to other antihypertensive agents.
Dosag Edema Tab Adults 40 mg daily. Childn 1-3 mg/kg body wt
e daily. Treatment of HTN AdultUsually, 40-80 mg daily either alone
or in conjunction w/ antihypertensives. Amp Adult 20-40 mg IV/IM
once daily to bid, may be increase at 2-hrly interval by 20
mg. Childn 0.5-1.5 mg/kg daily. Max 20 mg daily.
Contraindicati Severe renal or hepatic dysfunction. Addison's disease.
ons Electrolyte imbalance.
Special Prostatic hypertrophy. Impairment of micturition. Other
Precautions obstructive disorders.
Adverse Drug Fluid & electrolyte imbalance including hyponatremia,
Reactions hypokalemia & hypochloremic alkalosis; hyperuricemia.
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Drug May potentiate actions of antihypertensives when given
Interactions concomitantly.
View more drug interactions with Diuspec
Bumetanide
Lasix
Indicatio
Oedema, ascites due to cirrhosis of liver, mild or moderate HTN.
ns
Dosag Tab Adult Initially ½-2 tab/day, maintenance: ½-1
e tab/day. Childn & infant 2 mg/kg body wt/day, max: 40
mg/day. Special tab If there is no satisfactory response to 120
mg/day, change to special tab. Increase from 250 mg/day up to
1.5 g/day. Amp Adult & adolescent ≥15 yrInitially 20-40 mg IV
or IM as a single dose. If diuretic effect is not satisfactory,
increase dose stepwise by 20 mg at 2-hrly intervals until
satisfactory diuresis is obtained. Established dose should then be
given once or bd. Forte amp If 40 mg/day by slow IV does not
lead to increased diuresis, treatment w/ 250 mg is indicated. 50-
100 mg/hr administered over the day by means of a perfusor.
Max: 1.5 g/day.
Contraindicati Acute renal failure w/ anuria, hepatic coma, hypokalemia,
ons hyponatremia, hypovolemia w/ or w/o hypotension. Impaired
renal or hepatic function.
Special Pregnancy & lactation; electrolyte & fluid imbalance; Impaired
Precautions micturition. Diabetes, gout.
Adverse Drug Minor GI upset; Ca, K & Na depletion, nephrocalcinosis in
Reactions premature infants; aggravation of metabolic alkalosis; diabetes.
Rarely, anaphylactic shock, allergic reactions, bone marrow
depression; acute pancreatitis, auditory disorders.
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Drug Increased risk of ototoxicity w/ aminoglycosides, cisplatin &
Interactions nephrotoxicity w/ aminoglycosides,cefaloridine. ACE inhibitors
may cause marked fall in BP. Antagonism w/ indomethacin.
Potentiation w/ salicylates, theophylline, lithium & curare-type
muscle relaxants. Hypokalemia may precipitate digitalis toxicity.
Torasemide
Etacrynic acid
Indication & Oral
Dosage Oedema
Adult: Initially, 50 mg in the morning, increase if necessary, by
25-50 mg increments daily to the min effective dose. Usual
effective range: 50-150 mg daily. Max: 400 mg/day. Dose of >50
mg should be given in divided doses.
Child: >2 yr: 25 mg daily, increase cautiously if necessary, by 25
mg daily.
Intravenous
Acute pulmonary oedema
Adult: As the sodium salt: 50 mg or 0.5-1 mg/kg as 1 mg/mL
solution in glucose 5% or sodium chloride 0.9% by slow IV Inj
either directly or into the tubing of a running infusion. If a
subsequent dose is needed, inj site should be changed to
prevent thrombophlebitis. Single dose of 100 mg may be given in
critical situations.
Contraindicati Severe hepatic impairment; Addison's disease. Patients with pre-
ons existing hypercalcaemia.
Special Pregnancy and lactation. Observe for signs of fluid and electrolyte
Precautions imbalance, especially during parenteral admin. Renal
impairment. May precipitate gout attacks in susceptible patients.
May cause hyperglycaemia and aggravate or unmask DM.
Monitor blood glucose in diabetic patients. May exacerbate or
activate SLE.
Adverse Drug GI disturbances or bleeding, profuse watery diarrhoea. Tinnitus
Reactions and deafness, especially after high parenteral doses. Confusion,
fatigue, nervousness and apprehension. Local irritation and pain
may follow intravenous injection.
Drug May increase nephrotoxicity of cephalosporin antibacterials and
Interactions enhance the ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibacterials and
other ototoxic drugs. May increase risk of GI bleeding when used
with other gastric irritants or anticoagulants.
Senadex