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cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccMARINA KHAN
MEHWISH ALI AKBER
ALMAS AMIR ALI
ALINA SHAH

SUBMITED TO: SIR Navid Qureshi

SUBMISSION DATE: 29TH-JAN-2011
SUBJECT: ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ASSIGNMENT


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Management operates through various functions, often classified as planning, organizing,

staffing, leading/directing, and controlling/monitoring.i.e

Basic functions/Roles

Planning
1.c defining goals and objectives
2.c deciding what type of activities the company will engage in
3.c determining the resources needed to achieve the organization¶s goals &
objectives
Leading
Îc Êttracting people to the organization.
Îc pecifying job responsibilities
Îc
rouping jobs into work units
Îc Marshalling and allocation of resources
Îc reating good working conditions
Organizing
Îc irecting, motivating, and communication with employees, individually &
in groups.
Îc onflict resolution.
Controlling
Îc Monitoring performance of people & units.
Îc rovision of feedback or information about progress.
Îc dentification of performance problems & actions to correct problems.

Staffing: Job Ênalyzing, recruitment, and hiring individuals for appropriate jobs

Motivation :

Motivation is also a kind of basic function of management, because without

motivation, employees cannot work effectively. f motivation doesn't take place in an
organization, then employees may not contribute to the other functions (which are
usually set by top level management).

Leadership style refers to a leader's behavior. t is the result of the philosophy,

personality and experience of the leader
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Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans,
and motivating people. Kurt Lewin (1939) led a group of researchers to identify different
styles of leadership. This early study has been very influential and established three major
leadership styles. The three major styles of leadership are

rc Êuthoritarian or autocratic
rc articipative or democratic
rc elegative or Free Reign

Êlthough good leaders use all three styles, with one of them normally dominant, bad
leaders tend to stick with one style.

Authoritarian (autocratic)

This style is used when leaders tell their employees what they want done and how they
want it accomplished, without getting the advice of their followers. ome of the
appropriate conditions to use it is when you have all the information to solve the problem,
you are short on time, and your employees are well motivated.

ome people tend to think of this style as a vehicle for yelling, using demeaning
language, and leading by threats and abusing their power. This is not the authoritarian
style, rather it is an abusive, unprofessional style called ³bossing people around.´ t has
no place in a leader's repertoire.

The authoritarian style should normally only be used on rare occasions. f you have the
time and want to gain more commitment and motivation from your employees, then you
should use the participative style.

Participative (democratic)

This style involves the leader including one or more employees in the decision making
process (determining what to do and how to do it). However, the leader maintains the
final decision making authority. Using this style is not a sign of weakness, rather it is a
sign of strength that your employees will respect.

This is normally used when you have part of the information, and your employees have
other parts. Note that a leader is not expected to know everything ² this is why you
employ å
 and å
 employees. Using this style is of mutual benefit ² it
allows them to become part of the team and allows you to make better decisions.
Delegative (free reign)

n this style, the leader allows the employees to make the decisions. However, the leader
is still responsible for the decisions that are made. This is used when employees are able
to analyze the situation and determine what needs to be done and how to do it. You
cannot do everything! You must set priorities and delegate certain tasks.

This is not a style to use so that you can blame others when things go wrong, rather this is
a style to be used when you fully trust and confidence in the people below you. o not be
afraid to use it, however, use it wisely!



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:
1 It facilitates optimum utilization of resources:

Managers make use of several resources such as men, money, materials, machines,
methods, etc. Efficient management facilitates optimum utilization of resources in order
to accomplish results. n other words, management transforms resources into results.

2 It motivates personnel:

Managers need to create a good environment in the organization. They need to provide
good working conditions and facilities to the employees. The success of management is
reflected through the efforts of highly dedicated and motivated work-force. n order to
have a dedicated and motivated work-force, managers provide monetary and non-
monetary incentives to their subordinates.

3 It encourages initiative:

Managers of successful organizations follow the principle of en couraging initiative.

They encourage their subordinates to show their initiative, to come out with suggestions
and actions that would not only help the organization to grow and expand but also enable
the subordinates to fulfill their career aspirations. Thus, it helps to im prove individual,
group and organizational effectiveness.

4 It facilitates innovation:

Modern management is dynamic in nature. uccessful managers generate innovative

ideas to solve business problems or to handle their tasks and responsibilities. Êgain, due
to freedom of self- expression, and specialization, subordinates often come out with
innovative ideas. uch innovativeness helps them to carry out their activities effectively
and efficiently.
> It furthers technological improvements:

Modern world is witnessing continuous breakthroughs in science and technology. New

machines, new methods and new techniques are being introduced in business activities.
This is possible due to effective and efficient management. uch technological
developments are not only vital to the concerned organization but also to the entire nation
and even to the whole world.

6 Minimizes wastages:

Managers minimize wastages by following the process of manage ment. Every manager
at all levels needs to plan, to organize, to direct and to control activities. For instance, the
production manager makes optimum use of resources through systematic production
planning and control. This results in reduction in wastages of resources, and as such
brings higher returns.

7 Maintains good relations:

Managers develop good relations with their subordinates.
ood relations are maintained
by proper directions, communication and leader ship. The success of any organization
depends largely on the smooth relations between management and employees, between
superior and subordinates, between different levels, and between different departments or
sections.

8 Facilitates expansion and diversification:

uccessful managers arc responsible for the growth and expansion of the enterprise.
Without the active involvement and commitment on the part of the superiors and their
subordinates, it is not possible for any organization to grow and expand. Quite often, it is
the inefficient management that retards the growth and expansion of the organizat ion.

9  Quality of workers' life:

Modern management shares the fruits of productivity and efficiency with the workers.
Workers are provided not only with good working conditions but they are also rewarded
monetarily and non-monetarily, and as such their quality of life enhances.

10 Assists society:

Managers are socially responsible. Now-a-days, profit is not the only motive. uccessful
organizations have reconciled profit motive with social responsibility. Because of this
factor, the society at large is benefited in terms of quality goods at good prices,
employment