perations Research Assignment 1

To be submitted before 5:30PM February 1, 2011 (Assignment will

not accepted after this)

Q.1 The following maintenance job has to be performed periodically on

the heat exchangers in a refinery:

Tas Description Immediat Time

k e
(Day
Predeces s)
sors
A Dismantle pipe connections -- 14
B Dismantle header, closure and floating A 22
head front
C Remove tube bundle B 10
D Clean bolts B 16
E Clean header and floating head front B 12
F Clean tube bundle C 10
G Clean shell C 6
H Replace tube bundle F, G 8
I Prepare shell pressure test D, E, H 24
J Prepare tube pressure test and make the I 16
final reassembly

a. Draw a network diagram of activities for the project.

b. Identify the critical path. What is its length?
c. For the above network find the following:

a. Earliest b. Latest c. Earliest

Start time Start time finish time
d. Latest finish e. Total float f. Free float
time
g. Independen h. Interfering i. Project
t float float duration

Q.2 A Project has the following activities and other characteristics:

Activity Preceding Activity Time Estimates (Weeks)

 Optimistic Most Likely Pessimistic
A -- 4 7 16
B -- 1 5 15
C A 6 12 30
D A 2 5 8
E C 5 11 17
F D 3 6 15
G B 3 9 27
H E, F 1 4 7
I G 4 19 28

a. Draw the network diagram for the project.

b. Identify the critical path.
c. Prepare the activity schedule for the project.
d. Determine the mean project completion time.
e. Find the probability that the project is completed in 36 weeks.

Q.3 The required data for a small project consisting of different

activities are given below:

Activi Predece Normal Crash

ty ssor Duration Cost Duration Cost
(Days) (Rs.) (Days) (Rs.)
Activity
A -- 6 300 5 400
B -- 8 400 6 600
C A 7 400 5 600
D B 12 1,000 4 1,400
E C 8 800 8 800
F B 7 400 6 500
G D, E 5 1,000 3 1,400
H F 8 500 5 700

a. Draw the network diagram for the project and find the normal
and minimum project length.
b. If the project is to be completed in 21 days with minimum crash
cost which activities should be crashed to how many days?

Q.4 A project has the following activities and their durations

 Activit Duration Activit Duration
y (Days) y (Days)
12 13 36 18
13 15 47 30
14 9 57 12
24 10 67 10
25 27 68 10
34 7 78 9

a. Draw the network of the project and find its duration.

b. At the end of 25 days it is observed that
i. Activities 12, 13, 14 have been completed.
ii. Activity 24 is in progress and will be completed in 5 more
days.
iii. Activity 36 is in progress and will need 20 more days for
completion.
iv. Activity 67 is presenting some problems and will take 15
days.

Draw the updated network and find out its revised duration. Number
12 denotes activity 1 – 2 and same is true for other activities.

Q.5 The activities involved in a certain project have been identified as

follows:

Activit Precedin Duratio No. of Activit Precedin Duratio No. of

y g n Men y g n Men

Activity (Weeks required Activity (Weeks required

) )
A -- 4 1 E C 4 1
B -- 7 1 F B, E 4 2
C -- 8 2 G C 11 2
D A 5 3 H G, F 4 1

a. For the above project draw the network. Determine the critical
path and its duration.
b. If there were only three men available at any one time, how long
would the project take and how would you allocate the men to
the activities?
 c. If there were no restrictions on the amount of labour available,
explain how you would schedule the activities.

Because of its ability to influence the thoughts and behaviors of consumers, Media
And Entertainment industry is considered a very powerful industry. India is becoming
the leading destination of global investors in this industry. Various studies and figures
reveal that Indian Media And Entertainment industry has significant potential of
growth stored in it. Let us have a look at the current status and the future scenario of
the Media And Entertainment sector in India.

Media, Entertainment & Broadcasting

The World's Biggest Media Groups by Media Revenues in 2008

Time Warner ($47.0bn) NBC Universal ($15.4bn)

Walt Disney ($37.8bn) Sony Music / Sony Pictures ($15.2bn)
News Corporation ($30.0bn) Viacom ($14.6bn)
Bertelsmann ($23.7bn) CBS ($14.0bn)

The Top 10 Movie Studios in the US by gross domestic box office in 2009

Warner Bros (Time Warner) $2.11bn Summit Entertainment $483m

Paramount $1.48bn Lions Gate $406m
Sony Pictures $1.46bn Fox Searchlight $257m
20th Century Fox $1.39bn Weinstein Co $205m
Buena Vista (Disney) $1.23bn Focus Features (Universal) $162m
Universal Pictures $890m Overture Films $158m

Source: Box Office Mojo

Products

Companies - 75
Green Field & Co.
Retailers, exporters and suppliers of l-carvons, methyl cavicol, menthyl acetate used in ice cream,
chemicals, aromatic chemicals, anethole, leaf acetate, linalool exbasil, candy, cosmetics, fragrances,
syrups, chewing gum, scented betel nuts.
Address :A / 1-17-10, Sector 21 Thurhe, Navi Mumbai - 400705, Mumbai - India
Phone No. : 919930597514
Website. : http://www.eindiabusiness.com/company/188829/green-field-co..html
Send Business Enquiry Now
Himalaya Trading
Suppliers, exporters and retailers of holographic paper, metallized label paper, transfer metallized
paper commonly used for gift wrapping, whisky cartons, chocolate boxes, twist wrappers, chewing
gum wrappers, cosmetics, metallized paper, metallized board.
Address : 24/26, Arumuga Nayanar Street, Thirunagar, Valasaravakkam, Chennai - 600087, Chennai -
India
Phone No. : 91-44-22647969
Website. : http://www.eindiabusiness.com/company/188875/himalaya-trading.html
Send Business Enquiry Now
Green Marketing
Involved in exporting and supplying of methyl cavicol, menthyl acetate used in ice cream, chemicals,
aromatic chemicals, anethole, leaf acetate, syrups, chewing gum, scented betel nuts, cosmetics,
fragrances, linalool exbasil, l-carvons, candy.
Address : 23 Alagarkoil Road, Madurai - 625020,, Madurai - India
Phone No. : 919791308379
Website. : http://www.eindiabusiness.com/company/188834/green-marketing.html
Send Business Enquiry Now
Gujarat Agro Sortex Pvt. Ltd.
Involved in exporting and supplying of methyl cavicol, menthyl acetate used in ice cream, chemicals,
aromatic chemicals, anethole, leaf acetate, syrups, chewing gum, scented betel nuts, cosmetics,
fragrances, linalool exbasil, l-carvons, candy.
Address : Gujarat House, Near Mehtapura Railway Crossing, Idar Highway, Savagadh, Dist. S.k.,
Himatnagar - 383001, Himatnagar - India
Phone No. : 91-2772-223297 Fax : 91-2772-223297
Website. : http://www.eindiabusiness.com/company/188841/gujarat-agro-sortex-pvt.-ltd..html
Send Business Enquiry Now
Hardik Exports
Manufacturers, exporters and suppliers of chewing gum wrappers and cosmetics, holographic
paper, metallized paper, metallized board, metallized label paper, transfer metallized paper
commonly used for gift wrapping, whisky cartons, chocolate boxes, twist wrappers.
Address : Snuvy Co-hsc, Plt. No-29, Rh-6, Sec.-2, Koperkhirane, Navi Mumbai - 400709, Mumbai - India
Phone No. : 91-22-27541487
Website. : http://www.eindiabusiness.com/company/188857/hardik-exports.html
Send Business Enquiry Now
Green Valley Nutrition
Retailers, exporters and suppliers of l-carvons, methyl cavicol, menthyl acetate used in ice cream,
chemicals, aromatic chemicals, anethole, leaf acetate, linalool exbasil, candy, cosmetics, fragrances,
syrups, chewing gum, scented betel nuts.
 Address : No. 52, 2nd Floor, 2nd Lane, Sheshadripuram, Bangalore - 560020, Bangalore - India
Phone No. : 91-80-64512799 Fax : 91-80-41172799
Website. : http://www.eindiabusiness.com/company/188837/green-valley-nutrition.html
Send Business Enquiry Now
Heavenly Farms
Involved in exporting and supplying of chocolate boxes, twist wrappers, holographic paper,
metallized paper, metallized board, metallized label paper, whisky cartons, chewing gum wrappers,
cosmetics, transfer metallized paper commonly used for gift wrapping.
Address : 1219, Sector-a, Pocket-a, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi - 110070, Delhi - India
Phone No. : 91-11-41785200 Fax : 91-11-41785200
Website. : http://www.eindiabusiness.com/company/188865/heavenly-farms.html
Send Business Enquiry Now
Himalaya Exim & Trade
Involved in exporting and supplying of chocolate boxes, twist wrappers, holographic paper,
metallized paper, metallized board, metallized label paper, whisky cartons, chewing gum wrappers,
cosmetics, transfer metallized paper commonly used for gift wrapping.
Address : Plot No. 196, Road No. Ii, Kwc, Kalamboli, Taluka Panvel, Distt- Raigarh, Navi Mumbai Panvel -
410218,, Mumbai - India
Phone No. : 91-22-27423143
Website. : http://www.eindiabusiness.com/company/188871/himalaya-exim-trade.html
Send Business Enquiry Now
Global Agro Products
Engaged in manufacturing, exporting and supplying of metallized board, metallized label paper,
holographic paper, metallized paper, transfer metallized paper commonly gift wrapping, twist
wrappers, chewing gum wrappers, cosmetics, whisky cartons, chocolate boxes.
Address : 131-a, Union Cambide Colony, Old Pallavaram, Chennai - 600117, Chennai - India
Phone No. : 91-44-42087709 Fax : 91-44-42087709
Website. : http://www.eindiabusiness.com/company/188889/global-agro-products.html
Send Business Enquiry Now
Habib Nursery
Engaged in manufacturing, exporting and supplying of metallized board, metallized label paper,
holographic paper, metallized paper, transfer metallized paper commonly gift wrapping, twist
wrappers, chewing gum wrappers, cosmetics, whisky cartons, chocolate boxes.
Address : Malihabad, Malihabad - 227111,, Malihabad - India
Phone No. : 91-5212-211805
Website. : http://www.eindiabusiness.com/company/188853/habib-nursery.html
Send Business Enquiry Now
Gupta Mango Enterprises
Involved in exporting and supplying of methyl cavicol, menthyl acetate used in ice cream, chemicals,
aromatic chemicals, anethole, leaf acetate, syrups, chewing gum, scented betel nuts, cosmetics, fragrances,
linalool exbasil, l-carvons, candy.
 Fun Money Fun money is a personal budgeting term. It typically refers to a category of funds t
expenses, as a certain percentage of money for personal use. As the term implies, f
anything else that the person enjoys, without having to account for the purchase or
Printable Fun Money
recommend that even someone on a tight budget might benefit from regularly settin
enjoyment.
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 wiseGEEK features
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Link to this Article professionals advocate an envelope budgeting system, in which the actual cash from
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Music market- National

Size of the Music Industry in India

The estimation of the music industry size is a challenge, as the unit sales and the average
realization prices continue to be a closely guarded secret of the music companies.

The industry estimates approximately 15 crores of legitimate unit sales of music cassettes and cds
in the past year, with an average realization of Rs.40-45. This brings the size of the industry to
about Rs.670 crores (USD 149 million) . Over this , the share of royalties earned by the music
companies need to be added, the estimates of which were not available, and hence have not been
included.

Digital distribution along with the other growth drivers as detailed above will drive the industry in
the next five years. Piracy will continue to hamper the growth of the industry, though measures
from the Indian music industry will help curb some of this. On a conservative basis, the music
industry has been pegged to grow at 3% over the next five years and is expected to touch Rs.777
crores by 2009.
........................................................................................................................................................................................
Music - The times they are changin'

The Indian music industry is over a century old. However, the past few years have been a dismayed
for the industry. It has shrunk to INR 10 billion from INR 13.5 billion in the last four years, as the
onslaught of piracy, the high cost of acquisition of film music and the low priority accorded to the
sectoral issues by the authorities have somewhat upset its business viability.

The situation in India is not unique. Globally the music industry has been in recession for about four
years and is now making a slow recovery. A series of revenue enhancing the cost cutting measures
have been undertaken by global music majors, which are expected to bring about a turn around
soon.

In India, the pattern of music consumption and distribution has shifted radically in recent times.
Music buying has reduced and despite the popularity of the new Hindi films, which make up for 40
percent of total music sales, the number of units being sold is falling. On the other hand, piracy has
ensured that the average retail price of music cassettes remains stagnant over the years, while that
of CDs fall. This has led to a spiraling decline in revenues, since such falling prices have not been
compensated through rising volumes.

Over the last few years, the industry also witnessed the rapid rise of remixes, or cover versions and
music videos of original sound track, which have attained mass popularity and received more air
play than originals, on television and on FM radio, but did not significantly increase the sales of the
original music companies. Future growth is likely to come from non-physical formats like digital
downloads, royalty income and ringtones, among others. The Indian music industry needs to adapt
to this swing in audience preferences by leveraging appropriate technology in a facilitating
regulatory environment. Going forward, the industry will need to focus on controlling its distribution
and manufacturing costs. This is likely to enhance the industries bottom line and result in more
capital being freed for investment in technology and infrastructure.

........................................................................................................................................................................................
A unique industry structure

The Indian music industry has a unique structure compared to most global markets. Till 1990, it
was completely dominated by film and devotional music. With the advent of satellite television and
increasing consumer exposure to non-film albums and remixes have gained popularity recently. In
the non-film category devotional music produced by smaller and local companies is the most
popular. A few late entrants to this category have decided to stay away from the vagaries of film
music and have focused on high end classical devotional and other niche genres instead.
........................................................................................................................................................................................
Composition of revenues

Currently the music industry derives annual revenues of INR 10.2 billion, of which music sales
contributes around 92% and the non physical formats contribute the balance. Ringtones now
contribute around 5% and royalty revenues 2.5%. It appears that the negative trend in revenues
seen in the earlier years has been reversed. Sales in 2004 have increased at a very modest 1.2%
vis-à-vis a 4% decline in 2003 and 14.5%drop in2002, while the bottom lines have significantly
improved.

........................................................................................................................................................................................
Recovery and growth
From a perspective of pure financial returns and looking at other alternatives and more attractive
avenues available to the entertainment sector the music industry will need to completely reinvent
its business models in order to attract significant investments. In the future it is hoped that the film
and the music industries will work co laboratory aided by digital infrastructure, affective distribution
formats and a more conducive and effective regulatory regime , to combat piracy and get the
listener back into the buying mode.

........................................................................................................................................................................................
Film Industry as a partner

The Indian music industry is quite unique compared to those in other countries as it is virtually
dependent on new Hindi films for the lion’s share (40%) of its revenues.

The film industry needs to look at the music industry as partners rather than buyers-the current risk
reward distribution among them is lop-sided and needs to be more equitable.

........................................................................................................................................................................................
The FM Factor

It is believed among certain sectors of the music industry that the proliferation of FM radio stations
across the country has led to a decline in the sale of audio cassettes and CDs. Globally, FM stations
help promote albums and labels by playing their songs. However in India FM is considered more as
a threat than a promotional medium for the music industry, the reason once again being the unique
genre preference of the Indian listener, which is heavily skewed towards new film music.

........................................................................................................................................................................................
Conclusion

The Indian music industry needs to undertake several strategic shifts going forward in order to
retain its lost glory. It needs to revamp its operating model with support from key stakeholders and
evolve new revenue streams for various delivery platforms.

The last decade saw a spurt in the number of players who were attracted by the profits seen during
the boom years. The next few years could see a consolidation and shake out. The corporatisation in
the film industry would have a beneficial effect on the music industry, as they jointly move towards
a more equitable revenue and risk-sharing model.

Music is a creative industry which needs support in trying times. How willingly and effectively the
various stakeholders come together to adopt a partnering approach will determine the pace at
which the industry reinvents itself to stay competitive.

........................................................................................................................................................................................
Strategic trust on marketing non-film music

Music is not a necessary item on the consumer’s shopping list. In the film centric in the Indian Music
industry, there is virtually no loyalty for the label among the segment that buys only film music.
However, the marketing models developed by FMCG companies to launch and sell lifestyle and
companies to boost the sale of non-film albums can implement aspirational products. This is
possible by developing brands and charging premium prices once brand loyalty is built among the
target audience. Once a strong brand recall is created through successful marketing of non film
albums the same can be extended to film albums to create a differentiating factor over competing
pirated products.

........................................................................................................................................................................................
Online marketing

With the increasing PC penetration, the internet is expected to become a significant influencer in the
purchase of music. Online sales involve lower distribution costs and eliminate the retail margin of
15-20%. Part of these savings can be utilized for innovative net marketing that offers consumer’s
detailed information and reviews, and also the flexibility of customized and unbundled offerings.

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