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Evaluation Criteria for Data Quality Platforms and Vendors Criteria for True Business Intelligence
At a high level a generic data warehousing architecture can be said to comprise of the following components:
Class I – Real-time
Class II – Two-hour to four-hour
Class III – Daily
Class IV -Aggregated data from the data warehouse
An EDW is the central hub of the BI infrastructure in some architectural approaches. The function of the EDW is
to be the single point of truth for enterprise. Data in the EDW is:
The degree of normalization in the EDW data model is a tradeoff between multiple properties or characteristics
of the data warehouse. The following matrix captures the trade-offs:
Data Marts
A Data mart is a departmental, or subject oriented, subset of the EDW. Data in the data mart comes from the
EDW if one exists Relationship between EDW and data marts is often called a hub-and-spoke architecture. Data
in Data Mart is often aggregated but may be atomic, dimensional, may or may not be historical, and may be
volatile.
There are three architectural approaches for setting up a flexible, future-oriented data warehouse. This
architectural decision is critical since the selection will play a large role in many aspects of the data warehouse
such as data modeling methodology uses and physical infrastructure characteristics. The data warehouse
architecture will determine the locations of the data warehouses and data marts themselves, and where the
control resides. For example, the data can reside in a central location that is managed centrally. Alternatively, the
data can reside in distributed local and/or remote locations that are either managed centrally or independently.
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These architectural choices do not have to be used exclusively by themselves, thy can be used in combinations as
suited to the organizational needs. For example an often used option is to combine the EDW and dependent data
marts in the same instance. The data marts are chained to follow in lock step with EDW, rather than directly from
the staging area. The grain of the marts are restricted by the lowest grain of the EDW, as is the data latency and
recency.
This type of data warehouse is characterized as having all the data under central management. However,
centralization does not necessarily imply that all the data is in one location or in one common systems
environment. While the data is centralized, it is logically centralized rather than physically co-located. When this is
the case, by design, it then may also be referred to as a hub and spoke implementation. The key point is that the
environment is managed as a single integrated entity.
Increased hardware and software costs for the numerous data martsIncreased resource requirements for
support and maintenance
Many redundant and inconsistent implementations of the same data
Development of many extract, transform, and load (ETL) processes
Lack of a common data model, and common data definitions, leading to inconsistent and inaccurate
analyses and reports
No data integration or consistency across the data marts
Time spent, and delays encountered, while deciding what data can be used, and for what purpose
Concern and risk of making decisions based on data that may not be accurate, consistent, or current
Many heterogeneous hardware platforms and software environments that were implemented, because of
cost, available applications, or personal preference, resulting in even more inconsistency and lack of
integration.
Inconsistent reports due to the different levels of data currency stemming from differing update cycles; and
worse yet, data from differing data sources
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