Official Microsoft E-Learning Course: 2695ae Computer Basics

Official Microsoft E-Learning Course
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2695ae
Computer Basics
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Course: Computer Basics
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Table of Contents
Course Overview
Course Information
Module 1: Computer Basics
Introduction to Computers
Common Computer Terminology
Computer Performance and Features
Computer Operating Systems
Career Opportunities
Module Summary
Glossary
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Course Overview
Imagine that you own a local grocery shop where you deal with a number of customers every day. You
have to manually track customer details and the purchases made during each day. In this scenario, these
tasks take a lot of time. Computers help you to perform these tasks quickly and efficiently.
Today, computers are used in every field. People use computers in schools, hospitals, libraries and even
in grocery shops. Computers allow you to record a lot of data, perform simple and complicated
calculations, draw pictures and even play music.
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Course Information
This course explains the role of computers and basic computer terminology. It familiarises you with the
various programmes available for performing different tasks. This course also introduces you to the
different areas where computers are used and the different career opportunities that computers have
made available.
Course Details Description
Audience This course is intended for anyone who wants to acquire digital literacy skills.
Description
Prerequisites Students should have basic reading comprehension skills at the level required to
read a local newspaper.
Students should have access to a computer at home, school or an institution.
Course After completing this course, you will be able to define what a computer is and
Objectives what it does. You will also be able to perform basic computer operations.
For More For more information, see the Microsoft Learning Web site
Information (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=34834) .
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Lesson 1
Introduction to Computers
Lesson Contents
The Role of Computers
Parts of a Computer
Using a Computer
Using a Keyboard
Using a Mouse
Sort Game: Input, Output and Storage Devices
Self Test
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Lesson Introduction
A computer is an electronic device used to store and process information.
It plays a major role in our lives. You use computers in education and
research. You also use them for broadcasting news, receiving and
sending messages to family and friends, making presentations,
maintaining official and personal records, making weather forecasts and
for various other business and recreation activities. By using computers,
you save a lot of time, effort and money.
Lesson Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
• Describe the importance of computers in today's world.
• Identify the main parts of a computer.
• Identify the steps for starting a computer.
• Identify the different groups of keys on a keyboard.
• Perform different tasks by using a mouse.
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Topic: The Role of Computers
The following table contains the transcript of an online animation.
Computers play a major role in our daily lives. They are used in industries, schools, government offices
and shops. You can use computers to communicate with your family and friends, create a household
budget, book travel and cinema tickets or manage your business.
In business and industry, you use computers to maintain accounts, create personnel records, track
inventory, prepare presentations and reports, manage projects and communicate by e-mail.
You can use computers to design any type of publication ranging from simple newsletters to fashion
magazines, marketing materials, books or newspapers.
In the field of education, trainers can use computers to deliver training through audio-visual learning aids,
maintain student records to track performance, search for information on different topics and create or
submit assignments.
In government organisations, you use computers to organise information by storing and updating
records. Computers are also used for providing services to citizens. For example, you can view
information on current policies and government issues on a computer.
In the field of medicine, doctors use computers to review medical records of patients. Doctors also use
computers to find information about the latest drugs available to treat a disease. Doctors can also use
computer technology to discuss and share information about various diseases.
You can use computers to view the details of your bank account. Traders use computer technology to
get instant information on stock markets, to trade stocks and to manage investments.
Scientists use computers for scientific research, and to gather and analyse information. For example,
they use computers to view images from space and to publish information on their recent research.
You can also use computers to create drawings and paintings. Photographers use computers to edit and
enhance pictures. Writers use computers to write content for their books and to also create illustrations.
By using computers, writers can make changes in the content easily and save a lot of time.
In the field of entertainment, you can use computers to listen to music, watch films, store and print
photographs, send greetings and play games.
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Topic: Parts of a Computer
A computer has various parts and each part performs a specific function. The following table describes
the parts of a computer.
Part Description
Input Devices You use input devices to provide information to a

computer, such as typing a letter or giving instructions to
a computer to perform a task. Some examples of input
devices are described in the following list.
• Mouse: A device that you use to interact with
items displayed on the computer screen. A
standard mouse has a left and a right button.
You use the left button to select items and
provide instructions by clicking an active area
on the screen. You use the right button to
display commonly used menu items on the
screen.
• Keyboard: A set of keys that resembles a
typewriter keyboard. You use the keyboard to
type text, such as letters or numbers, into the
computer.
• Microphone: A device that you can use to talk
to people in different parts of the world. You can
record sound into the computer by using a
microphone. You can also use a microphone to
record your speech and let the computer
convert it into text.
• Scanner: A device that is similar to a
photocopier. You can use this device to transfer
an exact copy of a photograph or document into
a computer. A scanner reads the page and
translates it into a digital format which a
computer can read. For example, you can scan
photographs of your family using a scanner.
• Webcam: A device that is similar to a video
camera. It allows you to capture and send the
live pictures to the other user. For example, a
webcam allows your friends and family to see
you when communicating with them.
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Output You use output devices to get feedback from a
Devices computer after it performs a task. Some examples of
output devices are described in the following list.
• Monitor: A device that is similar to a television.
It is used to display information, such as text
and graphics, on the computer.
• Printer: A device that you use to transfer text
and images from a computer to a paper or to
another medium, such as a transparency film.
You can use a printer to create a paper copy of
whatever you see on your monitor.
• Speaker/Headphone: Devices that allow you to
hear sounds. Speakers may either be external
or built into the computer.
Central The central processing unit (CPU) is a device that

Processing interprets and runs the commands that you give to the
Unit and computer. It is the control unit of a computer. The CPU
Memory is also referred to as the processor.
Memory is where information is stored and retrieved by
the CPU. There are two main types of memory.
• Random Access Memory (RAM): It is the main
memory and allows you to temporarily store
commands and data. The CPU reads data and
commands from RAM to perform specific tasks.
RAM is volatile, which means it is available only
while the computer is turned on. The contents of
RAM must be copied to a storage device if you
want to save the data in the RAM.
• Read Only Memory (ROM): It is the memory
that retains its contents even after the computer
is turned off. ROM is non-volatile, or permanent,
memory that is commonly used to store
commands, such as the commands that check
whether everything is working properly.
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Motherboard The motherboard is the main circuit board inside the
computer. It has tiny electronic circuits and other
components on it. A motherboard connects input, output
and processing devices together and tells the CPU how
to run. Other components on the motherboard include
the video card, the sound card and the circuits that allow
the computer to communicate with devices like the
printer. The motherboard is sometimes called a system
board.
Expansion An expansion card is a circuit board that can be

Cards attached to the motherboard to add features such as
video display and audio capability to your computer. An
expansion card either improves the performance of your
computer or enhances its features. Expansion cards are
also called expansion boards. Some types of expansion
cards are described in the following list.
• Video Card: It is connected to the computer
monitor and is used to display information on
the monitor.
• Network Interface Card (NIC): It allows the
computer to be connected to other computers
so that information can be exchanged between
them.
• Sound Card: It converts audio signals from a
microphone, audio tape or some other source to
digital signals which can be stored as a
computer audio file. Sound cards also convert
computer audio files to electrical signals which
you can play through a speaker or a
headphone. The microphone and the speakers
or the headphones connect to the sound card.
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Storage You use storage devices to store computer information.
Devices Storage devices come in many forms. Some examples
are hard drive or disk, CD-ROM, floppy disk and DVD-
ROM. Storage devices can be divided into two types,
internal storage devices and external storage devices.
Some common storage devices are described in the
following list.
• Hard Disk: A magnetic disk that is usually the
main storage device on most computers. It can
be an external or an internal device.
• Floppy Disk: A portable storage device that
allows you to store a small amount of data. A
disadvantage of this disk is that it can be easily
damaged by heat, dust or magnetic fields.
• CD-ROM: A portable storage medium that
allows you to store 400 times more data than on
a floppy disk. It is less prone to damage than a
floppy disk.
• DVD-ROM: A portable storage medium that is
similar to a CD-ROM; however, it can store
larger amounts of data than a floppy disk or a
CD-ROM. A DVD-ROM is commonly used to
store films and videos.
Ports and A port is a channel through which data is transferred

Connections between input/output devices and the processor. There
are several types of ports that you can use to connect
the computer to external devices and networks. Some
types of ports are described in the following list.
• Universal Serial Bus (USB) Port: You use this
to connect peripheral devices such as a mouse,
a modem, a keyboard or a printer to a
computer.
• FireWire: You use this to connect devices such
as a digital camera. It is faster than the USB.
• Network Port: You use this to connect a
computer to other computers to exchange
information between the computers.
• Parallel Port and Serial Port: You use these
ports to connect printers and other devices to a
personal computer. However, the USB is now
the preferred method for connecting peripheral
devices because it is faster and easier to use.
• Display Adapter: You connect a monitor to the
display adapter on your computer. The display
adapter generates the video signal received
from the computer and sends it to a monitor
through a cable. The display adapter may be on
17
the motherboard or on an expansion card.
• Power: The motherboard and other
components inside a computer use direct
current (DC). A power supply takes the
alternating current (AC) from the wall outlet and
converts it into DC power.
18
Topic: Using a Computer
To turn on a computer, press the power button on the PC. When you turn on the computer, lights on the
keyboard may blink briefly and you may also hear a beep. This is an indication that the power-on self test
(or POST) has started.
The computer performs a sequence of quick tests to check whether the motherboard, memory, hard
drive and other components are working.
If you hear a series of beeps, the monitor may display a message indicating that one of the components
is not functioning properly. For example, if the keyboard cable is not attached, an error message may
report that there is no keyboard detected.
After POST, the computer starts the operating system, and then displays the logon screen. You now log
on to the Microsoft Windows XP operating system. The operating system allows you to instruct the
computer what to do after you have turned it on.
The operating system controls the computer’s hardware and also manages the computer’s operations
and tasks, such as logging on, logging off and shutting down.
For example, to log on to Windows XP, you need to type your user name and password. The settings for
the user account are applied and you are now logged on to Windows XP. After you log on, you can
perform various tasks, such as creating a new file or modifying an existing file.
After performing the required tasks, you need to save the changes you made to the file. You can then log
off from Windows XP. To log off, you need to click Start, and then click Log Off.
To turn off your computer securely, you must shut down Windows XP. To do this, you need to click Start,
and then, at the bottom of the Start menu, click Shut Down. You can end your Windows XP session by
clicking OK in the Shut Down Windows dialogue box.
If you encounter problems while using the computer, you can choose the Restart option to restart the
computer. To do this, click Restart in the Shut Down Windows dialogue box.
On most computers, you should never use the actual power button on the front of the system unit to turn
off the computer unless it stops responding.
19
Topic: Using a Keyboard
The keyboard is an input device you use for typing commands or text into a computer.
The different types of keys on a standard keyboard are listed below:
• Alphanumeric Keys: These keys are used for entering letters and numbers.
• Special Keys: Keys such as Control (CTRL), SHIFT, SPACEBAR, ALT, CAPS LOCK and TAB
are special keys. These special keys perform special functions depending on when and where
they are used.
• Punctuation Keys: Punctuation keys include keys for punctuation marks, such as colon (:),
semi-colon (;), question mark (?), single quotation marks (‘ ’), and double quotation marks (“ ”).
• Command Keys: Keys such as INSERT (INS), DELETE (DEL) and BACKSPACE are command
keys. You use these keys to insert and delete text and objects. You can turn the INSERT key
either ON or OFF. When turned ON, the INSERT key helps you overwrite characters to the right
of the insertion point. When turned OFF, the INSERT key helps you enter text or characters to
the right of the insertion point, without overwriting this text or characters. An insertion point is the
blinking vertical line that indicates the location at which the inserted text appears. The DELETE
key is used to remove typed text, characters and other objects on the right side of the insertion
point. The BACKSPACE key is used to remove typed text, characters and other objects on the
left side of the insertion point.
Note:
The function of the DELETE and the BACKSPACE keys may vary depending on the type of
computer you are using.
20
• ENTER or RETURN Key: The label on this key can be either ENTER or RETURN, depending
on the brand of computer that you are using. You use the ENTER or the RETURN key to move
the insertion point to the beginning of a new line. In some programmes, it is used to send
commands and to confirm a task on a computer.
• Navigation Keys: Keys such as the arrow keys, HOME, END, PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN are
navigation keys. You use the arrow keys to move the insertion point up, down, right and left. The
HOME key is used to move the cursor to the left end of a line of text or the top of a document.
The END key, in contrast, moves the cursor to the end of a line or a file, depending on the
programme. The PAGE UP key is used to move one page up and the PAGE DOWN key is used
to move one page down while viewing a document. The functions of PAGE UP and PAGE
DOWN keys differ from programme to programme.
• Function Keys: Keys labelled from F1 to F12 are function keys. You use them to perform
specific functions. Their functions differ from programme to programme. The function of the F1
key in most programmes is to access the help file associated with a programme. Some
keyboards may have fewer function keys.
• Numeric Keypad: Not all keyboards have a numeric keypad. If available, this is a separate set
of keys with numbers from 0 to 9, the decimal point, special characters and navigation symbols.
The NUM LOCK key on this keypad allows you to switch between the numeric and the
navigation keys.
• Windows Key: The key between the CTRL key and the ALT key is the Windows key. It has the
Microsoft Logo or the Windows flag. This key is used to open the Start menu, or is used in
combination with a second key to perform common Windows tasks. The exact use of the
Windows key may vary from programme to programme.
Note:
Different keyboards have different key layouts. Therefore, the features of the keys may differ.
21
Topic: Using a Mouse
A mouse is a small device that you can use to move, select and open items displayed on your monitor.
The mouse is usually kept on the desk next to the keyboard. Most mouse devices have at least two
buttons, left and right. Most of the actions are performed by clicking the left button.
The right button is used for specific functions. Some advanced types of mouse devices provide additional
buttons to speed up common tasks, such as scrolling text.
As you move the mouse on your desk, a pointer moves correspondingly on your screen. The mouse
allows you to select an item on the screen.
As you move the pointer over different areas of the screen, the items or the pointer change. These
changes indicate that you can click an item to open it or see more of its options.
You can open an item by moving the pointer to it and clicking the left mouse button twice.
In a document, you can use the mouse to select a position to start typing.
You need to position the pointer in the document, click where you want to insert text and then use your
keyboard to begin typing.
To move an item you need to click it and then, holding the mouse button down, move the item to a
different location. After you move the item to the new location, you release the mouse button.
The right button on the mouse is used to display a menu. The options on this menu include the most
common tasks, such as copying text from one location and pasting it to another location. These are
called context-sensitive menus. These menus help you complete tasks quickly.
Most mouse devices also have a wheel that helps you to scroll through documents or pages.
To scroll, place your finger on the wheel and roll it back and forth. This moves the document up and
down.
There are different types of mouse devices available on the market. A normal mouse has a rubber or a
metal ball on the underside.
The mechanical movement of the mouse device moves the ball. This movement further moves the
pointer on the screen.
A trackball is like a normal mouse, but upside down, with the ball on the top. It allows you to have the
22
same control as a mouse in a confined space.
You can use the thumb or the finger to move the trackball to move the pointer.
An optical mouse can be used in the same way as a regular mouse. However, it does not have a ball. It
uses a laser to detect movement.
23
Topic: Sort Game: Input, Output and Storage Devices
Sort the types of devices into their associated categories by writing the statement number in its
corresponding option box.
Statement
1 Mouse
2 Hard Disk
3 Printer
4 Scanner
5 Speaker
6 Headphone
7 Keyboard
8 Floppy
9 CD-ROM
10 Monitor
11 DVD-ROM
12 Microphone
Option 1 Option 2 Option 3
Input Device Output Device Storage Device
Note: The correct answers are shown on the next page.
24
Input Device Output Device Storage Device
12, 7, 4, 1 10, 6, 5, 3 11, 9, 8, 2
25
Topic: Self Test for Lesson: Introduction to Computers
Each pair of statements contains a true statement and a false statement. For each pair of statements,
indicate which statement is true by placing a mark in the True column to the right.
Statement True False

1 You use the KEYBOARD KEYS to turn on the computer.
2 You use the POWER BUTTON to turn on the computer.
3 Keyboard lights DO NOT BLINK when the computer starts.
4 Keyboard lights BLINK when the computer starts.
5 You hear a series of beeps if RAM is NOT WORKING properly.
6 You hear a series of beeps if RAM is WORKING properly.
7 You enter your USER NAME and PASSWORD to log on to Windows XP.
8 You enter only your USER NAME to log on to Windows XP.
9 You LOG ON to Windows to launch a program.
10 You DO NOT LOG ON to Windows to launch a programme.
11 You MUST save the changes if you modify a file.
12 You MUST NEVER save the changes if you modify a file.
13 You use SHUT DOWN to end a Windows session.
14 You use LOG OFF to end a Windows session.
15 You use the POWER BUTTON when the computer stops responding.
16 You use the LOG OFF BUTTON when the computer stops responding.
17 You use a FUNCTION KEY to access the HELP file.
18 You use a NUMERIC KEY to access the HELP file.
26
27
1 You use the KEYBOARD KEYS to turn on the computer.
2 You use the POWER BUTTON to turn on the computer.
3 Keyboard lights DO NOT BLINK when the computer starts.
4 Keyboard lights BLINK when the computer starts.
5 You hear a series of beeps if RAM is NOT WORKING properly.
6 You hear a series of beeps if RAM is WORKING properly.
7 You enter your USER NAME and PASSWORD to log on to Windows XP.
8 You enter only your USER NAME to log on to Windows XP.
9 You LOG ON to Windows to launch a program.
10 You DO NOT LOG ON to Windows to launch a programme.
11 You MUST save the changes if you modify a file.
12 You MUST NEVER save the changes if you modify a file.
13 You use SHUT DOWN to end a Windows session.
14 You use LOG OFF to end a Windows session.
15 You use the POWER BUTTON when the computer stops responding.
16 You use the LOG OFF BUTTON when the computer stops responding.
17 You use a FUNCTION KEY to access the HELP file.
18 You use a NUMERIC KEY to access the HELP file.
28
Lesson 2
Common Computer Terminology
Lesson Contents
About Hardware
About Operating Systems
About Programmes
About Data
About Networks
About the Internet
Self Test
29
Lesson Introduction
A motor vehicle, such as a car or a van, is available in different models
and colours, but its essential components remain the same. All motor
vehicles have an engine, a body and wheels. Similarly, computers are
available in various sizes and shapes, but they all have common
components that work in the same manner.
The essential components of a computer are hardware and software. In
this lesson, you will learn about common computer terminology, such as
hardware, software, data and network.
Lesson Objectives
• Identify the primary hardware components of a computer.
• Define an operating system and its role.
• Define the term programme.
• Explain what is meant by data.
• Define the term network and identify the benefits of networking.
• Define the term Internet.
30
Topic: About Hardware
Hardware refers to all the physical components of a

computer. It includes all input devices, processing devices,
storage devices and output devices. The keyboard, mouse,
motherboard, monitor, hard disk, cables and printer are all
examples of hardware.
You use hardware to provide input to a computer and also to
get the desired output. For example, when you play a musical
instrument, such as a piano, you provide input by pressing
the keys and get the desired output in the form of music.
Similarly, computers also need input and output devices to
perform tasks.
You use a keyboard and a mouse to provide input and to
select and run programmes. You can view the output on a
monitor that is similar to a television set or use the printer to
view the output on paper.
Apart from input and output devices, a computer uses
processing devices to work on the input data and generate
the desired output. The most important processing device is
the CPU. The CPU is the brain of the computer. It processes
the input to perform calculations and produce output.
A motherboard is a large circuit board that connects input,
output and processing devices. The motherboard circuits
provide pathways that allow data to pass through these
various components. It also contains chips that determine
how, when and where data can flow through the computer.
Depending on the task that you want your computer to
perform, you can choose the appropriate hardware. For
example, you can use a NIC to connect your computer to
other computers. You can also use expansion cards, such as
video cards, to add new features or enhance the performance
of your computer. All of these devices are plugged into the
motherboard.
31
Topic: About Operating Systems
In addition to hardware, a computer

needs software to function. Software
sends instructions to the hardware to
perform the necessary tasks.
The most important software on the
computer is the operating system,
which controls and manages the
hardware connected to your computer.
The operating system provides an
interface that helps you to interact with
the computer. An example of one of the
latest operating systems is Windows
XP.
A user interface can be either text-
based or graphics-based. Most
operating systems provide a graphical
user interface (GUI), which displays
images and pictures that allow you to
interact with a computer easily.
An operating system with a GUI
provides an easy-to-use interface to
help you install hardware or software.
For example, Windows XP provides a
setup wizard, which guides the user
through each step of a particular task,
such installing hardware or software.
An operating system ensures that your
computer is functioning properly. You
need to update your operating system
regularly to ensure that it is compatible
with any new hardware that you install.
32
Topic: About Programmes
The hardware and the operating

system together are referred to as
a platform. Programmes, also
called applications, use this
platform to perform tasks. There
are many types of programmes.
Some programmes allow you to
perform tasks such as writing
letters, doing calculations or
sending e-mail messages. For
example, a word processor, such
as Microsoft® Office Word 2003, is
a programme that helps you create
a letter.
Other programmes allow you to
create illustrations, play games,
watch films or communicate with
other computer users.
33
Topic: About Data
Programmes process data that you

provide as input to your computer.
This data can be in the form of text,
graphics, audio or video depending
on the type of program. For
example, Calculator is a
programme that requires input in
the form of numbers. Similarly,
Sound Recorder is a programme
that requires input in the form of
audio.
When the programme receives the
data, it processes the data and
displays the output on the screen.
You can save this output in a file.
Depending on the type of data that
a file contains, the file is classified
as an audio file, a text file, a
graphics file or a video file.
34
Topic: About Networks
Consider a scenario where an organisation has 10 employees. These employees use computers to
perform daily tasks. They also need print data frequently. Instead of giving each employee a printer,
which would be expensive, all computers can be connected to a single printer.
You can connect your computer to other computers to share information and hardware components. A
group of computers and associated devices that are linked together to facilitate sharing information is
called a network. Networks can also be used to share data and devices such as printers.
A network offers many advantages for the computer connected to it. In addition to sharing hardware and
software, you can share files and communicate with other computer users on the network. A typical
network has the following three components:
Server: The main computer on a network that provides services to other computers on the network. A
server decides which computers are allowed to access the hardware and software on the network.
Workstation: A computer connected to a network. You use a workstation to access the hardware and
software on a network.
Communication channel: A path or link that connects computers or peripheral devices, such as printers
and disk drives, to transfer information. Cables are commonly used as communication channels in a
network, but networks can also transfer information through wireless connections.
A network expands as more workstations and servers are connected to it. Depending upon the area
covered, a network can be categorised as a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN).
Types of
Feature
Network
LAN A LAN connects devices within a limited area, such as a home

or a small group of offices. It commonly includes computers
and shared resources such as printers and scanners.
WAN A WAN is a network that connects devices in geographically

separated areas. You can use the resources of a WAN to
connect two or more LANs by using long wires, optical cables
and satellites. Many organisations use a WAN to connect their
networks across different countries. The Internet is an
example of a WAN.
35
36
Topic: About the Internet
The Internet is a worldwide collection of public networks that are linked to each other for information
exchange. The Internet started as a network to facilitate communication between government and
educational departments in the United States.
When other networks were connected to this network, it became a vast medium for exchanging
information and ideas.
Today, the Internet connects many commercial, government and educational networks, as well as
individual computers, which share data.
The Internet offers a range of services to its users, such as file transfers between Internet users and
electronic mail for sending messages.
The World Wide Web (WWW), or the Web, is another service that the Internet provides. The Web
includes specially formatted documents that are interlinked and stored on servers around the world.
You can use the Internet and its services to send messages to other Internet users, search and apply for
jobs, watch films and buy and sell products.
Many organisations use a special type of network to communicate and share information within the
organisation. Such a network is called an intranet.
An intranet is similar to the Web but is accessible only to authorised users of the organisation.
An intranet is much smaller than the Internet and can provide services such as document distribution,
software distribution, access to databases and training.
37
Topic: Self Test for Lesson: Common Computer Terminology
Sort the items into their associated categories by writing the statement number in its corresponding option
box.
Statement
1 Includes computer devices
2 Helps control the physical components
3 Allows you to play games or watch films
4 Helps provide input to a computer
5 Ensures reliable operation of the computer
6 Uses the platform to perform a task
7 Helps you view the output of a computer
Hardware Operating System Programmes
38
Hardware Operating System Programmes
1, 4, 7 2, 5 3, 6
39
Lesson 3
Computer Performance and Features
Lesson Contents
Types of Computers
The Role of Memory
Computer Performance
Productivity Programmes
Communication Programmes
Educational and Entertainment Programmes
Self Test
40
Lesson Introduction
Consider a situation where you want to buy a television. There are many
brands and models available in the market. You need to make a decision
based on the features that you want and the price of the product. Similarly,
there are different types of personal computers available in the market.
They differ on the basis of features such as price, size and speed. In
addition, these factors affect the overall performance of the computer.
After you buy a television, you need to choose from different kinds of
channels that are available. These channels may offer entertainment,
sports or news. You can choose to view a channel based on your
preferences. In the same way, after you start using a computer, there are
different types of programmes available that help you perform different
tasks. You can use a word processor to create documents or a
spreadsheet to perform mathematical calculations. Communications
programmes can help you talk to people at distant locations. With
entertainment programmes, you can watch films, listen to music or play
games.
Lesson Objectives
• Identify and compare the features of different types of computers.
• Explain the role of memory.
• Explain the basics of computer performance and how it relates to
productivity.
• Describe the different types of productivity programmes and their
uses.
• Describe the different types of communications programmes and
their uses.
• Describe the uses of educational and entertainment programmes.
41
Topic: Types of Computers
Different types of computers are available in the market today. The most common computer is the
Personal Computer (PC), typically used by individuals and small businesses. A personal computer is a
computer that is designed for use by one person at a time. A personal computer is used in the workplace
to create documents, manage business records and communicate with others. It is used in schools to
teach lessons, research over the Internet and work on assignments. You can also use a personal
computer to play games, view videos and listen to music. Depending on the size and the purpose of a
personal computer, it can be categorised into four different types: desktop, laptop, handheld or tablet.
You select a computer depending on the tasks that you want it to perform. For example, if you want to
use the computer to edit photos or play complex games, you need a computer with a fast CPU and a
good display adapter.
Type of
Features
Computer
Desktop Desktop computers are made up of individual

Computers components, such as a monitor, a keyboard, a system unit
and a printer. Desktop computers are not portable and are
generally placed on the surface of a desk or a table. The
components of desktop computers can easily be replaced
or upgraded.
Desktop computers usually have more memory, a larger
hard drive, more ports and a bigger display than laptops
and other portable computers. Desktop computers can run
continuously for long periods of time.
Laptop Laptop computers are lightweight personal computers.

Computers Laptop computers are smaller in size than desktop
computers and are designed for travel. Laptop computers
are also called notebook computers.
The main feature of laptop computers is that they are
small and portable. As the name suggests, these can
easily be placed on the lap of a user. Desktop computers
run on electricity only, while laptop computers run on
electricity or on batteries that can be recharged. However,
laptop computers consume more power than desktop
computers with a similar hardware setup. Laptop
computers perform the same tasks as desktop computers,
but laptop computers generally cost more than desktop
computers.
42
Handheld Handheld computers are devices used for specific
Computers everyday tasks, such as managing personal data. These
are smaller than laptops and provide fewer features
compared to desktop computers or laptops. These can
also perform basic word-processing activities and help you
access the Internet. Several handheld computer models
can also work as mobile phones or digital cameras.
Tablet Tablet computers are fully functional computers that allow

Computers you to write directly on the screen by using a tablet pen.
You can also use the tablet pen to perform mouse
functions. Tablet computers, therefore, do not need a
keyboard and a mouse.
43
Topic: The Role of Memory
When a computer performs a task, it requires a place to store data.

Memory is a device where information can be stored and retrieved. Before
buying software for your computer, you need to know if your computer has
enough memory to run the software properly. Computer memory can be
volatile or non-volatile.
• Volatile Memory: This is the temporary memory of a computer.
The content stored on the temporary memory is erased when the
computer is turned off. Random access memory (RAM) is an
example of volatile memory. RAM stores programme information
and data that needs to be readily available while performing a
particular task.
• Non-volatile Memory: The content stored on this type of memory
is retained after the computer is turned off. An example of non-
volatile memory is read-only memory (ROM), which contains a set
of instructions that need to remain unchanged for the computer to
function. For example, ROM stores commands that check whether
the motherboard, memory, hard drive and other components are
working when the computer is started.
In a computer, ROM stores information that is permanent and does not

change. However, sometimes this information may need to be changed or
updated. For this reason, a device called flash memory was developed.
Similar to ROM, flash memory can retain information after you have
switched off a computer, but it provides an additional benefit of allowing the
stored information to be erased or modified.
The information stored in the computer is internally represented in the form
of 0s and 1s. Each 0 or 1 is called a bit. A combination of eight bits is called
a byte. The following table explains the various terms used to measure
storage or memory capacity.
Term Description
Bit A bit is the smallest unit of information that a computer

handles. A single bit can hold only one of two values, 0
or 1. One of the two values is always present. A single
bit conveys little meaningful information. However, you
can obtain more meaningful information by combining
consecutive bits into larger units.
Byte A byte is a combination of eight bits arranged in a

particular sequence. Each sequence represents a single
character, symbol, digit or letter. A byte forms the basic
unit that is used to measure the storage capacity of a
storage device.
Kilobyte One kilobyte (KB) is equal to 1,024 bytes. Most of the
44
user data stored in a computer, such as simple e-mail
messages or a text file, occupies storage space of a few
kilobytes.
Megabyte One megabyte (MB) is equal to 1,024 KB. The amount

of information contained in 1 MB is approximately equal
to a complete textbook.
Gigabyte One gigabyte (GB) is equal to 1,024 MB, which is

approximately a billion bytes. Most computers today
have hard disks with large capacities that are measured
in gigabytes. A GB denotes a huge storage capacity. For
example, a video film stored on a computer can occupy
more than 1 GB of space.
Terabyte One terabyte is equal to 1,024 GB, approximately a

trillion bytes. Storage devices having capacities in
terabytes are generally used by organisations that need
to store large volumes of data. A terabyte is so large that
a few terabytes of memory space can contain the
complete text of a large number of books.
45
Topic: Computer Performance
Whether you use your computer for business or for personal use, it is important that your computer
perform efficiently. However, performance does not depend on a single factor. The following table lists
some of the important factors that affect the overall performance of the computer.
Factor Description
CPU The CPU is the brain of the computer and its speed is an
Speed important factor that affects the overall performance of the
computer. The CPU speed is the rate at which the CPU can
perform a task, such as moving data to and from RAM or
performing a numerical calculation. If you have two
computers that are identical except for the CPU speed, the
computer with the faster CPU completes a task more quickly.
Hard Hard disks differ in storage capacities as well as their speed

Disk of data storage and retrieval. If the speed of data retrieval is
Factors fast, the computer takes less time to start and to load
programmes. Additionally, the speed and size of the hard disk
play an important role when a programme needs to process
large volumes of data.
RAM RAM is the active memory of the computer. The speed of

retrieving data stored on RAM is very fast and for this reason
the computer uses it to store the information that is currently
in use. If the amount of RAM is large enough to hold all of the
information in use, this can result in faster computer
performance. The RAM speed and the amount of RAM are
important factors in personal computer performance. When
there is not enough RAM in a computer, the computer slows
down or fails to function properly.
46
Topic: Productivity Programmes
You can use different computer programmes to perform a variety of tasks. You can use computer
programmes to organise numbers, write letters or proposals, maintain records, create and modify images,
convert text into visuals and create magazines and brochures.
The table below lists the different types of programmes and describes their uses.
Programme Description
Word- You use word-processing programmes to create and

Processing and modify text-based documents. You can type in and
Publishing modify text, use the spell-checker and the built-in
Programmes thesaurus and format the document. By using these
programmes, you can also create personal and
professional documents.
Word is a commonly used word-processing
programme.
Publishing programmes are used to combine text and
graphics to create documents such as brochures,
greeting cards, annual reports, books or magazines.
These programmes also include word-processing and
graphics features that allow you to refine parts of the
document.
Presentation You use presentation programmes to present your

Programmes information in the form of slides. You can add sound
and pictures to these slides to make them more
attractive and informative.
Microsoft Office PowerPoint® 2003 is a commonly
used presentation programme.
Spreadsheet You use spreadsheet programmes to create budgets,

Programmes manage accounts, perform mathematical calculations
and convert numerical data into charts and graphs.
Spreadsheets store information in a table, with values
spread over horizontal rows and vertical columns.
Each value is stored in a cell. A cell is the intersection
of a row and a column.
Microsoft Office Excel® 2003 is an example of a
spreadsheet programme.
47
Database You use database programmes to store and manage
Programmes data in an organised way. By using these
programmes, you can also sort or search for the
information stored in a database. In addition, you can
create simple reports from the data that you have
stored. For example, you can use a database
programme to store customer details, create and
manage inventory and track sales. You can then
create reports to target sales or plan customer
services.
An example of a database programme is Microsoft
Office Access 2003.
Graphics You use graphics programmes to create and edit

Programmes drawings. You can also use these programmes to
enhance photographs.
Microsoft Paint is an example of a graphics
programme that allows you to create drawings.
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Topic: Communication Programmes
Just as you use a telephone or postal mail to communicate with friends and family, you can also use
computers to communicate with people. Computers use special programmes called communication
programmes that allow you to send and receive messages with other people in a digital format.
The table below describes the different types of communication programmes and their uses.
Programmes used to send e-mail messages
Sending e-mail messages is the exchange of messages from one computer user to another computer
user. This exchange can be within a local area or from one part of a country to another. You can send
an e-mail message to or receive an e-mail message from one or several persons at any time of the
day.
Sending an e-mail message is similar to making a phone call; you must have a phone connection and
know the phone number of the person with whom you want to speak.
To send an e-mail message you must have an Internet connection and an e-mail account and know
the e-mail address of the person you want to write to. This Internet connection is provided by an
Internet service provider (or ISP).
If you have an e-mail account, it will be similar to username@example.co.uk, where the username is
your name. The @ is the at sign and example.co.uk is the domain name. A domain name identifies
the name and type of organisation with whom you have an e-mail account. Need examples to help
explain?
After you have an e-mail account, you need to know the e-mail account of the person to whom you
want to send an e-mail.
You can send both text and pictures through e-mail; however, this depends on various factors, such
as the type of service you have or the kind of picture you are sending.
Sending and receiving e-mail messages is an instant way of communicating with anyone. It only takes
a few seconds to send and receive an e-mail. This also depends on the speed of your Internet
connection.
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Programmes used to chat
Another type of communication is through chat programmes, which allow you to send and receive
messages immediately. You can use a chat programme to communicate with several people at the
same time. A commonly used communication programme is MSN® Messenger.
When you are chatting with someone, the person on the other end receives your messages
immediately.
Through chat you can also talk to the person you are chatting with. This is called voice chat.
Another form of chatting also allows you to see the person you are talking to. You use a device called
a webcam to do this.
You can also share pictures and other files through MSN Messenger.
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Topic: Educational and Entertainment Programmes
Consider a scenario in which you want to learn a new language. However,

there are no schools in your area that teach the language. With educational
software programme, a computer can help you learn the new language.
Educational software programmes often use audio-visual clips and games
to make learning more effective.
Educational software is used in classrooms, offices and homes.
Educational software is available on various topics that are applicable to
different age groups.
You can also use computers as a source of entertainment. You can use
entertainment software to play games, listen to music, record music, draw
pictures and watch films on a computer. Video CDs and DVDs that allow
you to watch films and music videos as well as listen to music are all
examples of entertainment software that is used for recreation.
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Topic: Self Test for Lesson: Computer Performance and Features
Question 1
Which of the following features are true of laptops as compared with desktop computers?
Select all answers that apply.
They generally cost more for similar hardware.
They consume less power.
They are good travel companions.
They are easier to upgrade.
Question 2
Which of the following are true statements about RAM?
The amount affects the computer's performance.
Its contents are permanent.
It has lower data-retrieval speed compared with storage memory.
It stores active data and programmes.
Question 3
Which one of the following programmes do you use to create personal and professional documents?
Select the one best answer.
Microsoft Office Word 2003
Microsoft Paint
Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003
Microsoft Office Excel 2003
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Answer 1
Which of the following features are true of laptops as compared with desktop computers?
They generally cost more for similar hardware.
They consume less power.
They are good travel companions.
They are easier to upgrade.
Answer 2
Which of the following are true statements about RAM?
The amount affects the computer's performance.
Its contents are permanent.
It has lower data-retrieval speed compared with storage memory.
It stores active data and programmes.
Answer 3
Which one of the following programmes do you use to create personal and professional documents?
Select the one best answer.
Microsoft Office Word 2003
Microsoft Paint
Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003
Microsoft Office Excel 2003
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Lesson 4
Computer Operating Systems
Lesson Contents
Introduction to Operating Systems
Understanding the Windows User Interface
Working with Windows-Based Programmes
Managing Files and Folders
Performing Basic File Operations
Self Test
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Lesson Introduction
The operating system is the most important programme in the computer.
An operating system performs four primary functions. It manages and
controls the hardware connected to a computer. It helps other
programmes running on a computer to use the hardware. It helps you
organise and manage files and folders on the computer. It provides a user
interface that allows you to interact with the hardware, the operating
system itself and other programmes.
An example of an operating system is Windows XP.
Lesson Objectives
• Explain the common functions of an operating system.
• Identify the basic components of the Windows XP user interface.
• Work with the Windows XP user interface within programmes.
• Manage files and folders in Microsoft® Windows® Explorer.
• Perform basic file operations.
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Topic: Introduction to Operating Systems
An operating system controls how programmes work with each other and how they interact with the
computer hardware. It also creates the file system that determines how your data is stored within a
storage device.
The performance of an operating system depends on the number of bits that it can transfer at a time.
Early operating systems could transfer only 8 bits of data at a time and were called 8-bit operating
systems. However, with the introduction of the GUI interface, 16-bit operating systems were developed.
Currently, operating systems such as Windows XP are 32-bit operating systems. The newest operating
systems, such as Microsoft® Windows® XP Professional x64 Edition, can transfer up to 64 bits at a time,
which enables programmes to run much faster.
An operating system such as Windows XP provides a GUI that makes it easier for you to give instructions
to a computer. The following table describes the functions of an operating system.
Functions Description
Provides a user Many operating systems provide visual elements, such

interface as icons and menus, to help you interact with a
computer. You can use a mouse to select icons and
issue commands. For example, you can double-click a
file to open it with the appropriate programme.
Provides A GUI-based operating system provides easy-to-use

utilities to utilities to help you configure your computer. These
configure your utilities are small programmes that help you perform
system specific functions, such as connecting to a network,
managing resources and adding new programmes to
your computer. For example, Windows XP provides a
backup programme to save your important data. In
addition, it provides a user-friendly setup wizard that
allows you to install hardware or software or connect
to other computers.
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Helps manage An operating system helps manage hardware.
computer Programmes communicate with the operating system
resources to work with the required hardware, such as the CPU,
to complete the required tasks.
Helps secure An operating system allows you to secure your data. It

data by helps you specify authentication and authorisation
controlling user rights to control access to your computer and its
access to a resources.
computer Authentication is the process by which the computer
system validates a user's logon information. An
operating system can help you create a username and
a password, so that only those users who know the
username and password can access the resources on
your computer.
In addition, you can associate specific permissions to
each username. This is called authorisation. For
example, you can prevent users from printing
documents from your computer.
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Topic: Understanding the Windows User Interface
Windows XP provides a GUI that

has a number of components to
help you interact with a computer.
The following are the components
of a Windows user interface:
Desktop
The desktop is an on-screen work
area that uses a combination of
menus and icons. The desktop
includes the following
components:
• Wallpaper is a pattern or
picture on the screen
background that you can
choose. You can consider
it as a tablecloth placed
on a table.
• An icon is a small image
displayed on the screen
to represent an object.
Icons help you perform
certain computer actions
without having to
remember commands or
type them. For example,
you can click a file icon to
open the file with the
appropriate programme.
Taskbar
The taskbar is a rectangular bar
that is usually located at the
bottom of the screen. You can
use the taskbar to select a
programme running on your
computer. The taskbar displays
the programmes in the form of
taskbar buttons. The programme
displayed on the taskbar in the
graphic is Word.
Notification Area
When the taskbar is located at the
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bottom of a screen, the
notification area is located on the
right side of the taskbar. The
notification area displays the time,
a volume icon and icons of some
programmes running on a
computer. For example, the
printer shortcut icon appears after
a document has been sent to the
printer and disappears when the
printing is complete.
Start
In Windows XP, the Start button
opens the Start menu. You can
use the commands on the Start
menu to start a programme or to
restart or shut down the
computer. The Start menu
typically displays the following
commands:
• My Documents: when
you click My Documents
on the Start menu, the
contents in the My
Documents folder appear
in a rectangular area,
called the window. The
window displays two
specialised folders, My
Pictures and My Music.
You can use the My
Documents folder to
share your documents
and also keep private the
documents you do not
want to share.
• My Computer: when you
click My Computer on
the Start menu, the
contents of your floppy
disk, hard disk, CD-ROM
drive and network drives
appear in a window. You
can use the icons and
menus in My Computer
window to search for or
open files and folders.
• My Network Places:
when you click My
Network Places on the
Start menu, the My
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Network Places window
appears. It provides a
view of all the shared
computers and other
resources on the network
to which your computer is
connected.
• Control Panel: when you
click Control Panel on
the Start menu, the
Control Panel window
appears. It allows you to
control the various
aspects of the operating
system or hardware, such
as setting the system time
and date, adding and
removing programmes,
troubleshooting hardware
and software and setting
keyboard characteristics.
• Printers and Faxes:
when you click Printers
and Faxes on the Start
menu, the Printers and
Faxes window appears. It
allows you to install and
share printing resources.
After you install a printer,
you can print documents
from your computer.
• Help and Support: when
you click Help and
Support on the Start
menu, the Help and
Support Centre window
appears. You can use the
Microsoft Help and
Support Centre whenever
you have a question
about the operating
system. It is a
comprehensive resource
that helps you learn about
Windows XP. You can
use the Search or the
Index feature to view all
Windows Help resources,
including those available
on the Internet.
• Search: when you click
Search on the Start
menu, the Search window
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appears . It allows you to
search for a file or a
folder on your computer.
In addition, if you are
authorised to access
other computers on your
network, you can search
files on those computers.
• Run: this allows you to
start a programme.
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Topic: Working with Windows-Based Programmes
In Windows XP, a window is a rectangular area on the monitor that displays a programme. Each
programme has its own window.
In this demonstration, you will see how to work with a Windows-based programme.
The following table contains the steps and transcript of an online demonstration.
Step List
1 Demonstration: Working with Windows-Based Programmes
2 Click Start, point to All Programmes, point to Accessories, and then click Paint.
3 Point to the title bar.
4 To move the Microsoft Paint window, drag the title bar.
5 Point to the menu bar.
6 Point to the toolbar.
7 Drag the horizontal scroll box and then drag the vertical scroll box.
8 To minimise the window, click the Minimise button.
9 To view the Microsoft Paint window, on the taskbar, click the Microsoft Paint button.
10 To maximise the window, click the Maximise button.
11 To restore the window to its original size, click the Restore Down button.
Move the mouse pointer to the corner of the Microsoft Paint window till the shape of the mouse
12
pointer changes to a double-headed arrow. Drag the double-headed arrow to resize the window.
13 On the Microsoft Paint window, click the Close button.
Transcript
63
The Windows interface provides a combination of menus and icons that allow you to interact with a
computer. You can use a mouse to make selections, and issue commands, such as opening a
programme. An example of a commonly used programme is Microsoft Paint. You can open the
Microsoft Paint programme from the Accessories menu. The Microsoft Paint programme is displayed in
a window.
A window has several parts that make it easy to control its appearance and operation. It has a title bar
that contains the name of the window.
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You can use the title bar to drag a window to any location on the screen. You release the mouse button
when the window is at the desired place.
A window has a menu bar. A menu bar is a rectangular bar, usually at the top, in which you can select
menus. These menus contain many commands to perform various functions in a programme. For
example, you can click the commands in the File menu to save a file or open a file.
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A toolbar can be a horizontal or vertical block of on-screen buttons or icons. You can click these buttons
or icons to give commands to the programme.
You can drag a scroll box to move around in the programme window. These scroll boxes are within
scroll bars, which can be present both horizontally and vertically within a window.
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You can click the Minimise button to remove the window from the screen and display the programme as
a button on the taskbar.
You can display the Microsoft Paint window by clicking the Microsoft Paint button on the taskbar.
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You can click the Maximise button to expand the window so that it covers the entire screen. You will be
able to view the document better.
After maximising the window, the Maximise button becomes the Restore Down button. You can click the
Restore Down button to return the window to its original size.
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You can resize a window by moving the mouse pointer to a corner of the window. The mouse pointer
will change its shape to a double-headed arrow. You can then resize the window by dragging the
pointer. It is important to know that a maximised window cannot be resized.
The Close button terminates the programme running in the window. In this demonstration, you learned
about the different parts of a window.
69
Topic: Managing Files and Folders
Suppose you own a bookshop. To manage it efficiently, you need to first categorise books based on their
subject, such as management or fiction. You can then arrange these books in separate sections of a
cabinet. You need to provide an appropriate name for each section so that it is easier to locate a book.
Similarly, in the Windows operating system, you use Windows Explorer to arrange files in appropriate
folders. Windows Explorer is a programme that helps you locate and open files and folders.
The Windows Explorer window is often divided into two sections, called panes. The pane on the left side,
called the Folders pane, displays the structure of drives and folders on your computer. A folder is a
container for programme and files in GUI interfaces. It is represented by an icon of a file folder on the
screen. It can hold both files and additional folders. The pane on the right is called the details pane. It
displays the contents of a drive or folder. You can select folders from the list displayed in the Folders
pane to view its contents in the details pane.
In this exercise, you will explore how to manage files and folders by using Windows Explorer.
The following table contains the steps of an online simulation.
Step 1
The Start menu has been opened for you. To open Windows Explorer, point to All Programmes, point
to Accessories, and then click Windows Explorer.
Step 2
To expand a folder, click the plus sign next to the Activities folder.
Step 3
A folder can contain both files and subfolders. To view the contents of a folder, in the Folders pane, click
the Holiday folder.
Step 4
To view detailed information of the contents in a folder, such as name, size, type and date modified,
click View, and then click Details.
Step 5
Click File, point to New and then click Folder.
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Step 6
To give the new folder a descriptive name, press SPACEBAR to have the folder name typed for you and
then press ENTER.
Step 7
To rename a folder, click the Activities folder.
Step 8
Click File and then click Rename.
Step 9
To specify the new name, press SPACEBAR to have the folder name typed for you and then press
ENTER.
Step 10
To move a file to a new location, click the Insurance Agency file.
Step 11
Click Edit and then click Cut.
Step 12
To select the Legal folder as the destination folder, in the Folders pane click Legal.
Step 13
To move the file, click Edit and then click Paste.
Step 14
To verify that the Insurance Agency file has been moved, click the Volunteer Activities folder.
Step 15
To copy a file, click the Notes file.
Step 16
Click Edit and then click Copy.
Step 17
To select the Memos folder as the destination folder, click Memos.
Step 18
To copy the file, click Edit and then click Paste.
Step 19
To delete the Draft Garden Report file from the Volunteer Activities folder, in the Folders pane click
Volunteer Activities.
Step 20
To delete a file from a folder, click Draft Garden Report, click File and then click Delete.
Step 21
To confirm that you want to send the file to the Recycle Bin, in the Confirm File Delete box click Yes.
71
Topic: Performing Basic File Operations
Every file has an associated format that defines the way data is stored in the file. The file format is
identified by a full-stop (called a dot) appended to a file name, followed by three or four letters. The
following are some of the more common file formats:
• Word documents (.doc)
• Images (.gif and .jpg)
• Executable programmes (.exe)
• Multimedia files (.wma and others)
When you open a file, the operating system selects an appropriate programme to display the contents of
the file based on the file format. For example, when you open a Word document, the operating system
opens a word processor, such as Word, to display the contents of the document.
To understand this concept of performing basic file operations, consider a scenario. You want to create a
document by using WordPad. You are new to the concept of files and want to know how to create and
save the file in a specific location. You also want to know how to open or delete an existing file.
In this exercise, you will explore how to perform basic file operations.
Step 1
The Start menu has been opened for you. To open the WordPad programme, point to All
Programmes, point to Accessories, and then click WordPad.
Step 2
To add text to the white screen, called the document window, press SPACEBAR.
Step 3
To save a document, click File and then click Save As.
Step 4
To save the document in the Garden Company folder, double-click Garden Company.
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Step 5
Click the File name box and then press SPACEBAR to have the new name entered for you.
Step 6
To save the document, click Save.
Step 7
To close a file, click the Close button.
Step 8
You can open Windows Explorer to browse to the Flyers file. To open Windows Explorer, click Start,
point to All Programmes, point to Accessories and then click Windows Explorer.
Step 9
To view the contents of the folder, in the Folders pane, click the Garden Company folder.
Step 10
To open the file, double-click Flyers.
Step 11
To close a file, click the Close button.
Step 12
To delete a file, click Flyers, click File and then click Delete.
Step 13
To confirm that you want to send the file to the Recycle Bin, in the Confirm File Delete dialogue box
click Yes.
Step 14
To close Windows Explorer, click the Close button.
Step 15
To begin restoring a file to its original location, double-click Recycle Bin.
Step 16
In the Recycle Bin window, click Flyers to select the file.
Step 17
To restore the file, click File and then click Restore.
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Topic: Self Test for Lesson: Computer Operating Systems
In this exercise, you will explore how to work with the Windows XP operating system.
Step 1
The Start menu has been opened for you. To open the WordPad programme, point to All Programmes,
point to Accessories and then click WordPad.
Step 2
To add text to the document, click in the document window and then press SPACEBAR to have the text
typed for you.
Step 3
To save the document, click File and then click Save As.
Step 4
To save the document in the Garden Company folder, double-click Garden Company.
Step 5
To change the file name to Map Kit Flyer, click the File name box and then press SPACEBAR to have
the new name entered for you.
Step 6
To save the file, click the Save button.
Step 7
To close the file, click the Close button.
Step 8
You can open Windows Explorer to browse to the Map Kit Flyer file. To open Windows Explorer, click
Start, point to All Programmes, point to Accessories and then click Windows Explorer.
Step 9
To view the contents of a folder, in the Folders pane, click the Garden Company folder.
Step 10
To create a new folder, click File, point to New and then click Folder.
Step 11
To give the new folder a descriptive name, press SPACEBAR to have the folder name typed for you and
then press ENTER.
Step 12
To copy a file, click the Map Kit Flyer file.
Step 13
Click Edit and then click Copy.
Step 14
To select the Activities folder as the destination folder, in the Folders pane click the Activities folder.
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Step 15
To copy the file, click Edit and then click Paste.
Step 16
To delete the Map Kit Flyer file from the Garden Company folder, in the Folders pane click the Garden
Company folder.
Step 17
To delete a file, click the Map Kit Flyer file, click File and then click Delete.
Step 18
To confirm that you want to send the file to the Recycle Bin, in the Confirm File Delete dialogue box
click Yes.
Step 19
Click the Minimise button to minimise the Windows Explorer window
Step 20
To begin restoring a file to its original location, double-click Recycle Bin.
Step 21
In the Recycle Bin window, click the Map Kit Flyer file to select the file.
Step 22
To restore the file, click File and then click Restore.
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Lesson 5
Career Opportunities
Lesson Contents
Understanding the Widespread Reach of Computers
Career Opportunities in the IT World
Self Test
76
Lesson Introduction
Using computers is no longer restricted to any specific field of work. They
are extensively used everywhere, from households to large businesses.
This widespread use of computers has created many career opportunities.
Depending on your field of interest and degree of knowledge about
computers, you can select a job that matches your skills.
Lesson Objectives
• Describe how computers have become a central part of our
everyday life.
• Identify the different career opportunities available for a person
who is computer literate.
77
Topic: Understanding the Widespread Reach of Computers
Computers are now being used extensively in business. You can use computers to maintain records,
exchange information with people at distant locations and analyse daily transactions to generate reports.
You can also use computers to buy or sell products over the Internet.
Computers can analyse your sales for the day to determine the products that have sold the most. As a
result, you need not perform lengthy calculations to analyse your sales data manually.
With advancements in technology, electronic devices such as bar code scanners are now used in stores.
Bar codes are printed black-and-white bars that contain information about a product, such as its price
and product ID.
The bar code scanner, which is connected to a computer, reads the bar code and sends information to
the computer.
The computer decodes the information and generates the invoice for the customer. You do not have to
enter information manually into a computer to store sales information and generate the invoice. At the
end of day, the computer can automatically analyse your sales data.
Computers can also be used for online transactions, such as selling products over the Internet.
Customers can visit the Web sites of different stores to purchase products. They can pay for these
products over the Internet, and the products can be delivered to their doorstep.
Traders can also use computers to check stock prices over the Internet. This helps them organise and
manage investments.
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Topic: Career Opportunities in the IT World
You can seek various job opportunities in the field of computers if you have relevant computer
knowledge. Depending on your skills, you can work as an information worker, an IT professional or a
software developer.
An information worker, such as a data entry operator, a warehouse manager or a travel agent, uses the
computer to enter and maintain records. For example, a data entry operator can use the computer to
create documents and maintain records. These records can be analysed by the computer to generate
reports.
A warehouse manager keeps an account of the warehouse stocks. With the help of a computer, the
warehouse manager also plans the schedules and working hours for the people working in the
warehouse.
Travel agents use computers to provide their customers with information on various holiday destinations,
flight schedules and details about a specific location. The details may range from information on the
weather to hotel accommodations.
Travel agents can also provide information about the local tourist attractions and modes of transport.
They also use computers to update travel plans and schedules.
You can also use your computer knowledge to work as an IT professional. Network administrators,
graphic designers and database administrators are some examples of IT professionals. Network
administrators are responsible for managing a network and installing new devices on the network.
They also add and remove individuals from the list of authorised users. They archive files on a computer
and administer access rights.
Graphic designers use computers to create graphics and animations for commercial purposes.
Database administrators work with databases to maintain and organise the information stored on a
computer. A database is an organised collection of information on a computer.
Database administrators organise and manage the structure of database in a computer. They also
decide who should be given access to which part of the database.
A software developer creates software for commercial purposes, such as managing the inventory for a
small business or editing a media file. Similar to a software developer, a computer game designer
creates games that can be played on computers.
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Topic: Self Test for Lesson: Career Opportunities
Each pair of statements contains a true statement and a false statement. For each pair of statements,
indicate which statement is true by placing a mark in the True column to the right.

1 A database administrator is an IT PROFESSIONAL.
2 A database administrator is an INFORMATION WORKER.
3 A travel agent is an IT PROFESSIONAL.
4 A travel agent is an INFORMATION WORKER.
5 A graphic designer is an IT PROFESSIONAL.
6 A graphic designer is a SOFTWARE DEVELOPER.
7 Bar codes contain only the PRICE of a product.
8 Bar codes contain PRODUCT information.
9 A BAR CODE SCANNER transmits data to a COMPUTING DEVICE.
10 A COMPUTING DEVICE transmits data to a BAR CODE SCANNER.
11 A NETWORK ADMINISTRATOR handles malfunctioning equipment.
12 A DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR handles malfunctioning equipment.
13 Customers CAN pay for a product over the Internet.
14 Customers CANNOT pay for a product over the Internet.
A database is an organised collection of COMMONLY USED

15
PROGRAMMES.
16 A database is an organised collection of DATA.
17 A SOFTWARE DEVELOPER is in charge of security.
18 A NETWORK ADMINISTRATOR is in charge of security.
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1 A database administrator is an IT PROFESSIONAL.
2 A database administrator is an INFORMATION WORKER.
3 A travel agent is an IT PROFESSIONAL.
4 A travel agent is an INFORMATION WORKER.
5 A graphic designer is an IT PROFESSIONAL.
6 A graphic designer is a SOFTWARE DEVELOPER.
7 Bar codes contain only the PRICE of a product.
8 Bar codes contain PRODUCT information.
9 A BAR CODE SCANNER transmits data to a COMPUTING DEVICE.
10 A COMPUTING DEVICE transmits data to a BAR CODE SCANNER.
11 A NETWORK ADMINISTRATOR handles malfunctioning equipment.
12 A DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR handles malfunctioning equipment.
13 Customers CAN pay for a product over the Internet.
14 Customers CANNOT pay for a product over the Internet.
A database is an organised collection of COMMONLY USED

15
PROGRAMMES.
16 A database is an organised collection of DATA.
17 A SOFTWARE DEVELOPER is in charge of security.
18 A NETWORK ADMINISTRATOR is in charge of security.
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Module Summary
Lessons
Introduction to Computers help you perform your tasks efficiently and

Computers quickly. They are used in almost every field, such as
industry, government offices, shops and educational
institutions.
Computers are made of various parts that can be
broadly categorised into input devices, output devices,
processing devices and storage devices.
Common The essential components of a computer are hardware

Computer and software. Hardware refers to all the physical
Terminology components connected to a computer and software
refers to the instructions for the hardware to perform
the necessary tasks. The most important software on
the computer is the operating system, which controls
and manages the hardware connected to your
computer.
You can share your computer components with other
computer users by connecting your computer to other
computers. A group of computers and associated
devices that are linked together to facilitate sharing
information is called a network. The Internet is a
collection of these networks that are linked together.
Computer The different kinds of computers come in a wide

Performance selection based on shape, size and performance.
and Features These include desktop computers, laptop computers,
handheld computers and tablet computers. All
computers have memory, which is used to store
information that is being used by the operating system
and programmes. Information that the computer uses
is represented in the form of 0s and 1s.
Different computer programmes perform different
tasks. Productivity programmes help you organise
numbers, write letters or proposals, maintain records
and create images. Communications programmes help
you talk to other computer users. With entertainment
programmes, you can watch films, listen to music or
play games.
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Computer An operating system is a programme that controls how
Operating the hardware works and helps manage files and
Systems folders on the computer. Some operating systems,
such as Windows XP, provide a GUI, which makes it
easier for you to provide instructions to a computer.
Windows Explorer is a programme in the Windows
operating system that helps you locate and open files
and folders. Each file has an associated format.
Depending on the file format, the operating system
decides the appropriate programme to open the file.
Career Computers are extensively used everywhere, from

Opportunities households to large businesses. Computers are used
to maintain records, exchange information and analyse
daily transactions to generate reports. Computers are
also being used for online trading and checking stock
prices. This widespread use of computers has created
many career opportunities. With relevant computer
knowledge, you can work as an information worker, an
IT professional or a software developer.
84
Glossary
Applications
Applications, also called programmes, use the platform to perform tasks.
Authentication
Authentication is the process by which the computer system validates a user's logon information.
Authorisation
Authorisation is the process by which the user can associate specific permissions with each username.
Bit
A bit is the smallest unit of information that a computer handles. A single bit can hold only one of two
values, 0 or 1.
Byte
A byte is a combination of eight bits arranged in sequence.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The central processing unit (CPU) is the primary hardware device that interprets and runs the commands
you give to the computer.
Chat Programme
Chat programmes allow you to send and receive messages instantly. You can use a chat programme to
communicate with several people at the same time.
Commands
A command is an instruction which you give to a computer, which causes an action to be carried out.
Commands are either typed by using a keyboard or are chosen from a menu.
Communication Channel
A communication channel is a path or a link that connects computers or peripheral devices, such as
printers and disk drives, to transfer information.
Communication Programmes
Communication programmes are used by computers to exchange messages and files with other people
in a digital format.
CPU speed
The CPU speed is the rate at which the CPU can perform a task, such as moving data to and from RAM
or performing a numerical calculation.
85
Data
Data is the plural for the Latin word datum, meaning an item of information.
Database Programmes
Database programmes are used to store and manage data in an organised way. You can also use these
programmes to sort or search for information stored in a database.
Desktop
The desktop is an on-screen work area that uses a combination of menus and icons.
Desktop Computers
Desktop computers are made up of individual components such as a monitor, a keyboard, a system unit
and a printer.
E-mail
An electronic mail (e-mail) is the electronic form of a traditional letter. E-mail allows you to exchange
messages and files over a network.
Folder
A folder is a container for programmes and files in GUI interfaces.
Gigabyte
One gigabyte (GB) is equal to 1,024 MB, which is approximately equal to one billion bytes.
Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A graphical user interface (GUI) displays images and pictures that allow a computer user to interact with a
computer easily.
Graphics Programmes
Graphics programmes are used to create and edit drawings. You can also use these programmes to
enhance photographs.
Handheld Computer
Handheld computers are smaller than laptop computers and provide fewer features than desktop
computers or laptop computers. They are used for specific everyday tasks, such as managing personal
data.
Hardware
Hardware refers to all the physical components of a computer.
Icon
An icon is a small image displayed on the screen to represent an object.
Input Devices
An input device is used to provide information to a computer. A keyboard is an example of an input
device.
86
Internet
The Internet is a worldwide collection of public networks that are linked to each other for information
exchange.
Internet Service Provider (ISP)

An ISP is a company that provides Internet connectivity to individuals, businesses and organisations.
Intranet
An intranet is a special type of network used to communicate and share information within an
organisation.
Kilobyte
One kilobyte (KB) is equal to 1,024 bytes.
Laptop Computers
Laptop computers are lightweight and portable personal computers. Laptop computers are also called
notebook computers.
Local Area Network (LAN)

A LAN connects devices within a limited area, such as a home or a small group of offices.
Megabyte
One megabyte (MB) is equal to 1,024 KB.
Menu
A menu is a list of options from which a user can select an option to perform a desired action, such as
choosing a command or applying a particular format to part of a document. Many programmes, especially
those that offer a graphical interface, use menus as a means of providing the user with an easy-to-use
alternative to memorising programme commands and their appropriate usage.
Network
A network is a group of computers that are connected to share resources and exchange information.
Network Drives
A network drive is a disk drive that is shared with other computers on a network.
Notification Area
The notification area is located on the right side of the taskbar when the taskbar is located at the bottom
of a screen. The notification area displays the time, a volume icon and icons of some programmes that
are running on a computer.
Online
When a computer is connected to the Internet, it is said to be online.
87
Operating System
The operating system controls the computer's hardware and provides services and access to the
hardware to programmes. It also manages the computer's operations and tasks, such as logging on,
logging off and shutting down.
Platform
The hardware and the operating system together are referred to as a platform.
Presentation Programmes
Presentation programmes are used to present information in the form of slides.
Processing Devices
Processing devices are used by computer users to process the input data and generate the desired
output.
Programmes
A programme is a sequence of instructions that can be executed by a computer. A programme is also
known as software.
Publishing Programmes
Publishing programmes are used to combine text and graphics to create documents such as brochures,
greeting cards, annual reports, books or magazines.
Server
The server is the main computer on a network that provides services to other computers on the network.
A server decides which computers are allowed to access the hardware and software on the network.
Setup Wizard
Setup wizards are provided by Windows XP. They guide the user through each step of a particular task,
such as installing hardware or software.
Software
Software is a sequence of instructions that a computer can execute. It is also referred to as programmes.
Spreadsheet Programmes
Spreadsheet programmes are used to create budgets, manage accounts, perform mathematical
calculations and convert numerical data into charts and graphs.
Storage Devices
Storage devices are used to store data. A hard disk is an example of a storage device.
System Unit
A system unit refers to the box that holds the processor, motherboard, disk drives, power supply and the
expansion bus.
88
Tablet Computer
Tablet computers are computers that allow you to write directly on the screen by using a tablet pen.
Taskbar
The taskbar is a rectangular bar that is usually located at the bottom of the screen. You can use the
taskbar to select a programme running on your computer.
Terabyte
One terabyte is equal to 1,024 GB, approximately equal to one trillion bytes.
The Web
The Web, also known as the World Wide Web (WWW), is a collection of information that is accessible on
the Internet. This information is arranged logically and stored on computers known as Web servers.
Wallpaper
Wallpaper is a pattern or picture on the screen background that you can choose.
Wide Area Network (WAN)

A WAN is a network that connects devices in geographically separated areas.
Window
In Windows XP, a window is a rectangular area on the monitor that displays a programme. Each
programme has its own window.
Word-processing Programmes
Word-processing programmes are used to create and modify text-based documents.
Workstation
A workstation refers to a computer connected to a network. You use a workstation to access the
hardware and software on a network.
89

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Course: Computer Basics

Course: Computer Basics

4.1 Errors; Changes; Fictitious Names.

(a) Authorised Learning Centres and Instructors.

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Course: Computer Basics

Course: Computer Basics

Course: Computer Basics

© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

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Course: Computer Basics

Module 1: Computer Basics

Course: Computer Basics

Course: Computer Basics

Course Details Description

Course: Computer Basics

The Role of Computers

Sort Game: Input, Output and Storage Devices

Course: Computer Basics

Course: Computer Basics

The following table contains the transcript of an online animation.

Course: Computer Basics

Input Devices You use input devices to provide information to a

Course: Computer Basics

Central The central processing unit (CPU) is a device that

Course: Computer Basics

Expansion An expansion card is a circuit board that can be

Course: Computer Basics

Ports and A port is a channel through which data is transferred

Course: Computer Basics

Course: Computer Basics

The following table contains the transcript of an online animation.

Course: Computer Basics

Course: Computer Basics

Course: Computer Basics

The following table contains the transcript of an online animation.

Course: Computer Basics

Course: Computer Basics

Option 1 Option 2 Option 3

Input Device Output Device Storage Device

Note: The correct answers are shown on the next page.

Course: Computer Basics

Input Device Output Device Storage Device

12, 7, 4, 1 10, 6, 5, 3 11, 9, 8, 2

Course: Computer Basics

Statement True False

2 You use the POWER BUTTON to turn on the computer.

3 Keyboard lights DO NOT BLINK when the computer starts.

4 Keyboard lights BLINK when the computer starts.

5 You hear a series of beeps if RAM is NOT WORKING properly.

6 You hear a series of beeps if RAM is WORKING properly.

8 You enter only your USER NAME to log on to Windows XP.

9 You LOG ON to Windows to launch a program.

10 You DO NOT LOG ON to Windows to launch a programme.

11 You MUST save the changes if you modify a file.

12 You MUST NEVER save the changes if you modify a file.

13 You use SHUT DOWN to end a Windows session.

14 You use LOG OFF to end a Windows session.

17 You use a FUNCTION KEY to access the HELP file.

18 You use a NUMERIC KEY to access the HELP file.

Course: Computer Basics