You are on page 1of 9

© Copyrighted Material

Introduction:

m
co
te.
Why Study Sexualities in Central and

ga
sh
w.a
ww
Eastern Europe?

m
co
te.
ga
sh
5REHUW.XOSDDQG-RDQQD0L]LHOLĔVND

w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
$OWKRXJKKRPRVH[XDOLW\LQLWVPDQ\PDQLIHVWDWLRQVKDVEHHQDVLJQL¿FDQWIDFWRULQ

m
co
societies throughout the ages and across cultures, the real explosion of its politics

te.
ga
DQG YLVLELOLW\ KDV WDNHQ SODFH DIWHU :RUOG :DU ,, DQG DUJXDEO\ LQ WKH µ:HVW¶

sh
w.a
The vast amount of academic literature about sexuality is written from and in a

ww
:HVWHUQ $QJOR$PHULFDQ FRQWH[W+RZHYHUHYHQZKHQFRQVLGHULQJWKHUHFHQW
m
co
VKLIWLQTXHHUVWXGLHVWRZDUGVHPEUDFLQJWKHPDUJLQVDQGRXWVNLUWVGHFHQWULQJWKH te.
ga
sh

politics of geolocation, the growing amount of literature on non-Western cultures


w.a
ww

FRQWLQXHVWRFRQFHUQPRVWO\SRVWFRORQLDOµIDUÀXQJ¶UHJLRQV $VLD$IULFD 7KHUH


m
co

LV VWLOO QRWLFHDEO\ OHVV ZRUN GRQH DERXW WKH :HVW¶V µQHLJKERXULQJ¶ FRXQWULHV RI
te.
ga

&HQWUDODQG(DVWHUQ(XURSH &(( 
sh
w.a

%\ LQWURGXFLQJ &(( DV D µ(XURSHDQ FRQWH[W¶ VRPHKRZ µ:HVWHUQLVK¶ VLQFH


ww

µ(XURSHDQ¶WHQGVWRHTXDOµ:HVWHUQ¶ ZHZRXOGOLNHWRSOXUDOLVHDQGSUREOHPDWLVH
m
co

WKHQRWLRQRIµ:HVWHUQQRQ:HVWHUQ¶VH[XDOLWLHV EHFDXVHRIWKHVWUHVVRQµ&HQWUDO
te.
ga
sh

DQG (DVWHUQ¶ GHQRWDWLRQ  :H GR VR EHFDXVH ZH EHOLHYH WKDW WKH GLFKRWRP\
w.a

µ:HVWQRQ:HVW¶LVPDLQO\FRQVWUXFWHGRQWKHEDVLVRI$QJOR$PHULFDQZD\VRI
ww
m

H[SHULHQFLQJVH[XDOLW\PDNLQJWKHµ:HVWHUQH[SHULHQFH¶WKHQRUPDWLYHRQHSODFHG
co
te.

DWWKHFHQWUHRIQDUUDWLYHV7KHPRVWVWUDLJKWIRUZDUGDLPRIWKLVERRNLVWKXVWR
ga
sh

FULWLFDOO\DVVHVVWKHFXUUHQWVWDWHRINQRZOHGJHDERXWVH[XDOLWLHVRXWVLGHWKHDOO
w.a
ww

SHUYDVLYHIUDPLQJVRIWKHµ:HVW¶DQGWRIRFXVRQWKHLUH[SUHVVLRQVLQWKHµQHDUE\¶
m
co

and still underexplored region of Central and Eastern Europe. By doing so, we
te.
ga

consider both categories, West and CEE, and show that it is virtually impossible to
sh
w.a

foreclose and homogenise them as any sort of coherent entity.


ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh

Sexuality and Post-Communist Studies


w.a
ww
m

7KH\HDUVDIWHUWKHIDOORIFRPPXQLVPSURGXFHGDYDVWDPRXQWRIOLWHUDWXUHDERXW
co
te.

WKH&((UHJLRQ DPRQJPDQ\RWKHUVVHH5XSQLN'UXOiN.\POLFND
ga
sh
w.a

DQG2SDOVNL6KLUDHYDQG6KODSHQWRNK(NLHUW.XELNDQG9DFKXGRYD
ww

3OHLQHVDQG)LVFKHU +RZHYHUZHIHHOWKDWSRVWFRPPXQLVWVWXGLHV
m
co

are still predominantly political science studies, interested in transformations of


te.
ga

political systems in the region; together with economics, these two disciplines
sh
w.a

IRUPWKHGRPLQDQWSHUVSHFWLYH7KHUHLVKRZHYHUDJURZLQJERG\RIZRUNDERXW
ww

© Copyrighted Material
 De-Centring Western Sexualities
© Copyrighted Material
cultural and social re-evaluation of everyday life experiences in CEE, written from

m
cultural studies perspectives; yet it still remains relatively small in comparison

co
te.
with economics and politics.

ga
sh
w.a
:KHQIRFXVLQJVSHFL¿FDOO\RQ&((RQHQHHGVWRDFNQRZOHGJHWKHH[LVWLQJ

ww
DQGZHOOGHYHORSHGERG\RIOLWHUDWXUHDERXWZRPHQDQGIHPLQLVP HJ)XQNDQG

m
co
0XHOOHU*DODQG.OLJPDQDE-lKQHUWDQGHWDO-RKQVRQ

te.
ga
DQG5RELQVRQ +RZHYHUKDUGO\DQ\RIWKHVHSRVLWLRQVXQGHUWDNHVWKHHIIRUW

sh
w.a
of scrutinising non-heterosexuality. It can be said that, contrary to the existing

ww
OLWHUDWXUH RQ JHQGHU DQG VH[XDOLW\ LQ WKH :HVWHUQ FXOWXUDO FRQWH[W WKH ¿HOG RI

m
co
te.
VH[XDOLW\ VWXGLHV LQ DQG DERXW  &(( LV LQ LWV LQIDQF\ 7KH VFDUFLW\ RI ZRUN LV

ga
sh
FOHDU 6R IDU RQO\ D FRXSOH RI SXEOLFDWLRQV HJ âWXOKRIHU DQG 6DQGIRUW 

w.a
ww
.XKDUDQG7DNiFV KDYHGLUHFWO\WDUJHWHGWKHLVVXHRIKRPRVH[XDOLW\LQWKH

m
SRVWFRPPXQLVWFRXQWULHV7KHUHDUHDIHZRWKHUERRNVWKDWFRQWDLQHQWULHVRQD

co
te.
ga
VLQJOHFRXQWU\ HJ(GHU+DOODQG+HNPD ERRNVDERXW&(( RUDSDUWLFXODU

sh
w.a
FRXQWU\ WKDWKDYHDFKDSWHURQVH[XDOLW\DPRQJRWKHULVVXHV HJ)ODP 

ww
or gender and lesbian and gay studies journals that occasionally publish articles
m
concerning the region. It is not much, although of all the regions, Russia seems to co
te.
ga

VWDQGRXWZLWKDIDVWJURZLQJVFKRODUVKLS HJ(VVLJ%DHU6WHOOD
sh
w.a

 +RZHYHULWLVQRWRXUDLPKHUHWRSUHVHQWDFRPSUHKHQVLYHELEOLRJUDSK\
ww
m

because this is well covered through the references at the end of each chapter.
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww

CEE and Sexuality Studies


m
co
te.
ga

%\ LQWURGXFLQJ &(( DV WKH JHRSROLWLFDO IUDPHZRUN ZH EULQJ D µQHZ¶ DUHD RI
sh
w.a

H[DPLQDWLRQ LQWR TXHHUVH[XDOLW\ VWXGLHV 7KH HSLVWHPRORJLFDO IRFXV RQ WKH


ww

hierarchies and dynamics of exchange between West and CEE highlights power
m
co
te.

DV RQH RI WKH PDLQ FDWHJRULHV WRJHWKHU ZLWK ZLGHU VWUXFWXUDO LQHTXDOLWLHV LQ WKH
ga
sh

RUJDQLVDWLRQRIWKHZRUOG WKHPDFUROHYHO $WWKHVDPHWLPHWKHFKDSWHUVH[SORUH


w.a
ww

WKH KHJHPRQLHV RI HYHU\GD\ OLIH HJ OLYHG H[SHULHQFH RI µJOREDOLVHGORFDOLVHG
m

JD\ LGHQWLWLHV¶ WKH PLFUR OHYHO  ,Q WKH VSLULW RI DQ LQWHUVHFWLRQDO DSSURDFK ZH
co
te.

are convinced that by grouping chapters that deal with different national settings,
ga
sh
w.a

both theoretically and empirically, we open up the platform for further study by
ww

FRQVWDQWO\UHIRFXVLQJDWWHQWLRQRQGLIIHUHQWFDWHJRULHVDQGLVVXHVVSHFL¿FWRHDFK
m
co

context.
te.
ga

&RQVHTXHQWO\WKLVERRNKLJKOLJKWVVRPHXQGHUO\LQJKLHUDUFKLVDWLRQVSUHVHQW
sh
w.a

ZLWKLQTXHHUVWXGLHVDQGFRQWULEXWHVWRWKHGLVFXVVLRQDERXWWKHQRWLRQDQGPHDQLQJ
ww

RIµTXHHU¶,QGRLQJVRZHMRLQRWKHUYRLFHVFDOOLQJIRUWKHGHFHQWUDOLVDWLRQDQG
m
co
te.

GH:HVWHUQLVDWLRQRIµTXHHUWKHRU\¶,ILQD:HVWHUQFRQWH[WµTXHHU¶LVWRVRPHKRZ
ga
sh

UHODWHWR DQGSUHVXPDEO\UHMHFW LGHQWLWDULDQSROLWLFVRIWKHµ6WRQHZDOOHUD¶WKLV


w.a
ww

YROXPHDVNVZKDWLVOHIWRIµTXHHU¶LQWKH&((FRQWH[WZKHUH6WRQHZDOOQHYHU
m

KDSSHQHGZKHUHLWVWDQGVDVDQHPSW\VLJQL¿HUDPHDQLQJOHVV¿JXUHDQG\HWLV
co
te.
ga

still a pervasive and monumental reference.


sh
w.a
ww

© Copyrighted Material
Introduction: Why Study Sexualities in Central and Eastern Europe? 
© Copyrighted Material
:HKRSHWKDWWKLVERRNZLOOKHOSWRXQVHWWOH:HVWHUQSHUVSHFWLYHVLQTXHHUVWXGLHV

m
co
E\SURYLGLQJQHZLQVLJKWVLQGLVFXVVLRQVDERXWZKDWFRQVWLWXWHVµTXHHU¶,WEULQJV

te.
ga
together macro- and micro-level analysis, providing conceptual and empirical

sh
w.a
tools and arguments. It probes the boundaries of geographical regions, cultural

ww
practices, temporal narratives, discursive concepts and imagined locations. The

m
co
te.
FKDSWHUVFROOHFWHGLQWKHERRNRIIHUDSHUVSHFWLYH RUUDWKHUDUDQJHRISHUVSHFWLYHV 

ga
sh
on non-normative sexualities that are relational and performative, temporal and

w.a
ww
µJHRKLVWRULFDO¶7KHVHVH[XDOLWLHVUHPDLQLQZLGHUHFRQRPLHVRIJOREDOH[FKDQJH

m
RI FDSLWDO FXOWXUDO VRFLDO ¿QDQFLDO VSDWLDO DQG KLVWRULFDO :H ORRN DW WKHP DW

co
te.
SDUWLFXODU PRPHQWV RI µSRVWFRPPXQLVW WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ¶ DQG µGHPRFUDWLVDWLRQ¶

ga
sh
w.a
as a site of tussles between hegemonic discourses in a transnational context of

ww
negotiation and resistance.

m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
Outline of Chapters

ww
m
co
7KHFKDSWHUVDUHJURXSHGLQWRWZRDUHDV7KH¿UVWFRQVLVWVRIWKHRUHWLFDOZULWLQJV te.
ga
sh

focusing on the transnational circulation of homosexualities and identities, and on


w.a
ww

OHVELDQJD\ELVH[XDODQGWUDQVVH[XDOWUDQVJHQGHU /*%7 SROLWLFVLQ&((7KH


m
co

VHFRQGIRFXVHVRQLVVXHVRILQWLPDF\SUDFWLVLQJTXHHUFLWL]HQVKLSDQGNLQVKLSLQ
te.
ga

&(($OOFKDSWHUVTXHVWLRQWKHUHODWLRQRI&((WRWKH:HVWRQYDULRXVOHYHOVDQG
sh
w.a

VRSUROLIHUDWHWKHGHEDWHDERXWµWUDQVQDWLRQDOVH[XDOLWLHV¶µJOREDO/*%7DFWLYLVP¶
ww

DQGµORFDOLW\¶
m
co

-RDQQD0L]LHOLĔVNDDQG5REHUW.XOSD¶VFKDSWHUµ³&RQWHPSRUDU\3HULSKHULHV´
te.
ga
sh

4XHHU 6WXGLHV &LUFXODWLRQ RI .QRZOHGJH DQG (DVW:HVW 'LYLGH¶ FUHDWHV D


w.a

ODUJHU WKHRUHWLFDO IUDPHZRUN IRU WKH ZKROH ERRN %\ XQGHUWDNLQJ LVVXHV RI WKH
ww
m

KHJHPRQ\ RI WLPH DQG VSDFH ± DV UHÀHFWHG LQ WKH$QJOR$PHULFDQ SURGXFWLRQ
co
te.

RI NQRZOHGJH JOREDOLVDWLRQ SRVWVRFLDOLVW WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ DQG OHVELDQ DQG JD\


ga
sh

VWXGLHV ± WKH FKDSWHU SURYLGHV FULWLFDO HQJDJHPHQW ZLWK FXUUHQW WUHQGV LQ TXHHU
w.a
ww

studies, especially of a post-colonial provenance. The authors aim to problematise


m
co

DQG SOXUDOLVH WKH QRWLRQ RI µ:HVWHUQ¶ VH[XDOLW\ DQG LQGLFDWH LWV µFRQWHPSRUDO
te.
ga

SHULSKHU\¶±LHPHFKDQLVPVRIµ2WKHULQJ¶&(( HJE\UHQGHULQJLWµSHUPDQHQWO\
sh
w.a

WUDQVLWLRQDO¶µSRVWFRPPXQLVW¶  7KH DXWKRUV WU\ WR YLVXDOLVH WKHLU LGHDV RI WLPH
ww

by providing a graphical representation as two separate geopolitical-temporal


m
co
te.

PRGDOLWLHV UXQQLQJ SDUDOOHO ZKHUH LQ  RQH RI WKHP ¿QLVKHV DQG WKH RWKHU
ga
sh

becomes universal for both. However, the authors contrast the Western ‘time of
w.a
ww

VHTXHQFH¶ZLWKWKH(DVWHUQµWLPHRIFRLQFLGHQFH¶UHSUHVHQWHGDVDµNQRWWLQJ¶DQG
m

µORRSLQJ¶RIWLPH V 0L]LHOLĔVNDDQG.XOSDXVHDVDQH[DPSOHVH[XDOSROLWLFVLQ
co
te.

&((DQGWU\WRRUJDQLVHWKHµNQRWWHGWHPSRUDOLW\RI&((¶LQWRIDPLOLDUVWDJHVDQG
ga
sh
w.a

LQVFULEHLWLQWRDSDUWLFXODUKLVWRU\ KHUHLQWRD:HVWHUQKLVWRU\RI/*%74 TXHHU 


ww

PRYHPHQWV VLPSOLI\LQJLWLQRUGHUWRPDNHVHQVHRILW+RZHYHUWKH\DOVRDVND
m
co

VHWRILPSRUWDQWTXHVWLRQV
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww

© Copyrighted Material
4 De-Centring Western Sexualities
© Copyrighted Material
• 'RHVVXFKµXQNQRWWLQJ¶PDNHVHQVHDQGIRUZKRP"

m
• :KDWDUHWKHSUHUHTXLVLWHVWREHDEOHWRXQGHUVWDQGLWLQHLWKHUIRUP"

co
te.
• :K\DUHFHUWDLQPRGHOVIDPLOLDUWRµDOO¶"

ga
sh
w.a
• Why will local narrations of lesbian and gay emancipation be seen as

ww
SUHFLVHO\µORFDO¶DQGQRWµXQLYHUVDOO\¶UHFRJQLVHG"

m
co
te.
ga
:LWKWKLVFKDSWHUWKH\ZDQWWRXQGHUWDNHWKHWDVNRITXHVWLRQLQJWKHSRZHUUHODWLRQV

sh
w.a
EHWZHHQµ:HVW¶DQGµ&((¶EHWZHHQ:HVWHUQTXHHUDFDGHPLFVFKRODUVKLSDQG&((

ww
WKHRUHWLFDOLQVLJKWVFDOOLQJQRWRQO\IRUWKHµGHFHQWUDOLVDWLRQRITXHHUWKHRU\¶EXW

m
co
te.
also for greater attentiveness to spatial and temporal choices in doing so.

ga
sh
-HOLVDYHWD%ODJRMHYLüLQKHUFKDSWHUµ%HWZHHQ:DOOV3URYLQFLRQDOLVP+XPDQ

w.a
ww
5LJKWV6H[XDOLWLHVDQG6HUELDQ3XEOLF'LVFRXUVHRQ(8,QWHJUDWLRQ¶UHFDOOVWKH

m
UHFHQW GHEDWH DERXW WKH VHFRQG QDWLRQDO JD\ SDUDGH LQ %HOJUDGH LQ  :KDW

co
te.
ga
prevailed in the arguments of the local authorities, and also those who declare

sh
w.a
WKHPVHOYHV LQ IDYRXU RI µ(XURSH (8 LQWHJUDWLRQ DQG KXPDQ ULJKWV¶ ZDV WKH

ww
FRQYLFWLRQWKDWVH[XDORULHQWDWLRQLVDSULYDWHPDWWHUDQGµVKRXOGEHNHSWEHKLQG
m
WKH>IRXU@ZDOOV¶$FFRUGLQJO\WKHUHDUHQRUHDVRQVWRGHPRQVWUDWHRQH¶VVH[XDO co
te.
ga

SUHIHUHQFHVLQSXEOLF7KHPHWDSKRURIµWKHZDOO¶KHOSV%ODJRMHYLüLQDQDO\VLQJ
sh
w.a

public discourse on human rights and sexuality in contemporary Serbian society.


ww
m

$GGLWLRQDOO\VKHUHIHUVWRWKHQRWLRQRIWKHµSURYLQFLDOPLQG¶LQWURGXFHGE\WKH
co
te.

Serbian philosopher Radomir Konstantinovic in )LORVR¿MD SDODQNHPhilosophy


ga
sh

of the Provincial  $OWKRXJKSUHGRPLQDQWO\WDUJHWLQJ6HUELDQQDWLRQDOLVP


w.a
ww

.RQVWDQWLQRYLF¶V FULWLFLVP PD\ HTXDOO\ EH DSSOLHG WR DQ\ JHRSROLWLFDO ORFDWLRQ
m
co

µ3URYLQFLDO PLQG¶ LV D VWDWH RI FRQVFLRXVQHVV WKDW PD\ DQG LQGHHG GRHV RFFXU
te.
ga

HYHU\ZKHUH6RE\DVNLQJTXHVWLRQVDERXWVH[XDOLW\SURYLQFLDOLVPWKH%DONDQV
sh
w.a

WKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ (8 *D\3ULGHQDWLRQDQGQDWLRQDOLVPDQGKRPRVH[XDOLW\
ww

%ODJRMHYLü H[SORUHV VRPH GHHSO\ LQWHUWZLQHG DQG WKXV QRW REYLRXV DQG QRW
m
co
te.

much analysed connections between them. This chapter can be said to deal with
ga
sh

SURYLQFLDOLVPVRIHYHU\LGHQWLWDULDQORJLF RIWKLQNLQJDQGSROLWLFV WKDWFRQWLQXH


w.a
ww

WRKDXQWOLNH0DU[¶VVSHFWUHHYHU\LGHDRIDµFRPPXQLW\¶ EHLWVH[XDOQDWLRQDO
m

RUSDQQDWLRQDO 
co
te.

,Q WKH WKLUG FKDSWHU µ1DWLRQV DQG 6H[XDOLWLHV ± ³:HVW´ DQG ³(DVW´¶ 5REHUW
ga
sh
w.a

.XOSDUHÀHFWVRQWKHUHFHQWÀRXULVKLQJRIZRUNVDERXWQDWLRQVQDWLRQDOLVPDQG
ww

national identities in relation to homosexuality. Although recently there have


m
co

EHHQPRUHDWWHPSWVDWGLVFXVVLQJKRPRVH[XDOLW\DQGQDWLRQDOLW\ PDLQO\ZLWKLQ
te.
ga

WKH GRPDLQ RI µVH[XDO FLWL]HQVKLS¶  RYHUDOO VXUSULVLQJO\ OLWWOH KDV EHHQ ZULWWHQ
sh
w.a

about the sexual underpinnings of nationalistic politics and about the nationalist
ww

GLPHQVLRQRIJD\SROLWLFV7KXVWKHFKDSWHU¶VJRDOLVWREXLOGXSWKHWKHRUHWLFDO
m
co
te.

UHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH OLWHUDWXUH RQ VH[XDOLW\ DQG RQ QDWLRQDOLVP UHÀHFW RQ WKHLU
ga
sh

intrinsic connections and analyse any possible conjectural foundations on which


w.a
ww

IXUWKHU DQDO\WLFDO ZRUN FRXOG EH GRQH7KH DXWKRU XVHV H[DPSOHV IURP &(( WR
m

URXQG XS KLV ZULWLQJ ZLWK HPSLULFDO ÀHVK DQG SURELQJ TXHVWLRQV .XOSD WUDFHV
co
te.
ga

WKHVH UHODWLRQV RI QDWLRQDO DQG VH[XDO LQ WKH HPHUJLQJ GLVFRXUVHV DQG XVHV RI
sh
w.a

WKH JHRWHPSRUDO FDWHJRULHV RI µSURJUHVV¶ µ:HVW¶ DQG µ(DVW¶ DQG µWUDQVLWLRQ¶ %\
ww

© Copyrighted Material
Introduction: Why Study Sexualities in Central and Eastern Europe? 
© Copyrighted Material
doing so, he critically engages with some recent writings on the topic, and shows

m
co
KRZQHRLPSHULDOSROLWLFVRIWKHµ:HVW¶PD\RSHUDWHQRWRQO\DVDµFLYLOLVLQJ¶ DQG

te.
ga
DQQLKLODWLQJ PLVVLRQEXWDOVRDVDµSHGDJRJLFDO¶ SUR¿WHHULQJ RQH

sh
w.a
7KHIRXUWKFKDSWHU±µ$6KRUW+LVWRU\RIWKH4XHHU7LPHRI³3RVW6RFLDOLVW´

ww
5RPDQLD RU$UH :H 7KHUH<HW" /HW¶V$VN 0DGRQQD¶ E\ 6KDQQRQ :RRGFRFN

m
co
te.
± PDSV WKH WXUEXOHQW GHFDGHV RI FRQWHVWHG DFWLYLVP DQG WKH SUDFWLFH RI µVH[XDO

ga
sh
ULJKWV¶ LQ 5RPDQLD %\ FRQIURQWLQJ UDWKHU XQGHUJURXQG DQG UDGLFDO 5RPDQLDQ

w.a
ww
\RXWK TXHHULQJ SROLWLFV VKH KLJKOLJKWV DQG FULWLTXHV WKH SHUYDVLYH (8URSHDQ

m
KHJHPRQLHVRIµPRGHUQLVDWLRQ¶%\WKHXVHRIDVLPSOHWHUPµ(8URSHDQLVDWLRQ¶

co
te.
:RRGFRFN PDQDJHV WR GUDZ D VKDUS DQG XQFRPSURPLVLQJ SLFWXUH RI SRZHUIXO

ga
sh
w.a
KHJHPRQLHVDQGLQHTXDOLWLHVLQUHODWLRQVEHWZHHQ5RPDQLDDQGWKH(86KHVKRZV

ww
how Western donors have continued to set the agenda for the funded development

m
co
of an LGBT community in Romania, irrespective of the local cultural and

te.
ga
KLVWRULFDOFRQWH[W7KHDXWKRUXVHVUHFHQWTXHHUZULWLQJVDERXWWKHSURFHVVHVRI

sh
w.a
µUDFLDOLVDWLRQ¶RI2WKHUQHVV±DWWKHH[SHQVHRIZKLFKWKHµJD\SURJUHVVLYH¶DJHQGD

ww
RI:HVWHUQVRFLHWLHVLVIXQGHG±WRDQDO\VH5RPDQLDQUHODWLRQVEHWZHHQVH[XDODQG
m
co
HWKQLFPLQRULWLHV,QSDUWLFXODUVKHVKRZVKRZµ:HVWHUQOLNH¶µSURJD\SROLWLFV¶LV te.
ga
sh

established through the exclusion and degradation of the Roma minority.


w.a
ww

In the chapter ‘Travelling Ideas, Travelling Times: On the Temporalities of


m
co

/*%7DQG4XHHU3ROLWLFVLQ3RODQGDQGWKH³:HVW´¶-RDQQD0L]LHOLĔVNDZULWHV
te.
ga

RQ WKH WUDQVODWLRQ RI µ:HVWHUQ¶ LGHDV RI /*%7 DQG TXHHU SROLWLFV LQWR D 3ROLVK
sh
w.a

FRQWH[WDQGWULHVWRVKRZZKDWLVORVWJDLQHGWKURXJKRXWWKLVSURFHVV)LUVWVKH
ww

presents the recent Polish political scene and other examples of sexual politics in
m
co

3RODQG%\GRLQJVRVKHDLPVWRGHVFULEHWKHOLPLWDWLRQVRITXHHU LQ SROLWLFVLQ
te.
ga
sh

Poland, but also to show some of the resistance actions performed by LGBT and
w.a

IHPLQLVW FLUFOHV LQ 3RODQG 6KH DUJXHV WKDW TXHHULQJ SROLWLFV FDQ PHDQ GLIIHUHQW
ww
m

things locally and that what can be described as an identity approach from a US
co
te.

SHUVSHFWLYH FDQ KDYH LWV TXHHU IDFH RQ WKH ORFDO OHYHO 7KHUHIRUH VKH H[SDQGV
ga
sh

XSRQWKHDOUHDG\LQWURGXFHGFRQFHSWVRIWKH:HVWHUQµWLPHRIVHTXHQFH¶DQGWKH
w.a
ww

(DVWHUQ µWLPH RI FRLQFLGHQFH¶ DQG VXJJHVWV WKDW 3ROLVK /*%7 DFWLYLVP FDQQRW
m
co

EHFDWHJRULVHGVLPSO\DVµLGHQWLWDULDQ¶RUµTXHHU¶EHFDXVHLWH[LVWVLQDGLIIHUHQW
te.
ga

JHRWHPSRUDOLW\ FRPSDUHG WR WKH µ:HVW¶ 6KH IRFXVHV RQ WKH &DPSDLJQ$JDLQVW
sh
w.a

+RPRSKRELD &$+ WKHODUJHVWDQGEHVWNQRZQ3ROLVK/*%7RUJDQLVDWLRQDQG


ww

VKRZVWKDWLQWKHLUFKRLFHRIVWUDWHJLHVDQGGLVFRXUVHVRQHFDQVHHWKHTXHHUPL[WXUH
m
co
te.

of ideas that represent various historical stages of Western LGBT activism. She
ga
sh

VXJJHVWV WKDW RQH RI WKH UHDVRQV LV WKH µWHPSRUDO GLVMXQFWLRQ¶ D KLVWRULFDOYRLG
w.a
ww

LQZKLFKWKH&$+ ZRUNV7KHV PDUNWKHEHJLQQLQJRI/*%7DFWLYLVPLQ


m

Poland but not in the West. During that period Western ideas were unanimously
co
te.

applied without much attempt at understanding their cultural and historical


ga
sh
w.a

FRQWH[WDQGIXQFWLRQLQJ$WWKHHQGVKHUHÀHFWVXSRQ$QJOR$PHULFDQNQRZOHGJH
ww

SURGXFWLRQDQGSUHVHQWVFULWLFDOTXHHUVWDQFHVWRZDUGVSULPDULO\$PHULFDQµTXHHU
m
co

WKHRU\¶6KHSRLQWVWRWKHUHFHQWGHYHORSPHQWVLQWKH¿HOGRITXHHUVWXGLHVWKDW
te.
ga

VKRZWKHQHHGIRUJUHDWHUµORFDOLVDWLRQ¶RIVH[XDOSROLWLFVFRQWH[WXDOLVLQJLWZLWKLQ
sh
w.a

local historical, geographical, political and linguistic contexts. Her chapter thus
ww

© Copyrighted Material
 De-Centring Western Sexualities
© Copyrighted Material
FRQWULEXWHVWRZDUGVRSHQLQJWKHGHEDWHDERXWWKHVKDSHDQGPHDQLQJRIµTXHHU¶

m
and its potential outside the Western context.

co
te.
-RQ%LQQLHDQG&KULVWLDQ.OHVVH¶VFKDSWHUµ5HVHDUFKLQJ7UDQVQDWLRQDO$FWLYLVP

ga
sh
w.a
around LGBTQ Activism in Central and Eastern Europe: Activist Solidarities and

ww
6SDWLDO ,PDJLQLQJV¶ LV EDVHG RQ DQ HPSLULFDO UHVHDUFK SURMHFW RQ WUDQVQDWLRQDO

m
co
activism around LGBT politics in Poland. Transnational activism has been a

te.
ga
VLJQL¿FDQW FRPSRQHQW RI UHVLVWDQFH DJDLQVW WKH EDQQLQJ RI HTXDOLW\ PDUFKHV LQ

sh
w.a
DQGDQGDJDLQVWYLROHQWDWWDFNVE\IDUULJKWJURXSVDQGKRPRSKRELF

ww
SXEOLFGLVFRXUVH±DOODVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHULVHRIWKH/DZDQG-XVWLFH3DUW\DQG

m
co
te.
the League of Polish Families. The chapter considers the different understandings

ga
sh
and conceptions of solidarity that motivate and inform transnational actions. For

w.a
ww
instance they discuss how notions of sameness and difference are articulated within

m
these conceptions of solidarity, and are particularly concerned with exploring the

co
te.
ga
DIIHFWLYH GLPHQVLRQV RI ZKDW &DURO *RXOG KDV WHUPHG µQHWZRUNHG VROLGDULWLHV¶

sh
w.a
Finally the authors consider how sexuality can be theorised in relation to alternative

ww
FRQFHSWLRQVRI WUDQVQDWLRQDO VROLGDULW\ZLWKLQVRFLDODQGSROLWLFDOWKHRU\
m
7KHQH[WFKDSWHUµ5HQGHULQJ*HQGHULQ/HVELDQ)DPLOLHV$&]HFK&DVH¶E\ co
te.
ga

.DWHĜLQD1HGEiONRYiIRFXVHVRQPHWKRGVDQGVWUDWHJLHVXVHGE\OHVELDQSDUHQWVWR
sh
w.a

FRQVWUXFWDQGUHZRUNFRQFHSWVRIJHQGHULQWKHLUHYHU\GD\SUDFWLFHV&RQVLGHULQJ
ww
m

still present social stigma and many instances of culturally sanctioned homophobia,
co
te.

the author examines how these redoings are used for political legitimisation,
ga
sh

social restriction, cultural stigmatisation or personal empowerment. Another


w.a
ww

IRFXVRIWKLVFKDSWHUFRQFHUQVWKHDFDGHPLFVFKRODUVKLSDERXWµTXHHUNLQVKLS¶±LQ
m
co

SDUWLFXODUKRZFRQFHSWVDUHµIUDPHG¶E\VRFLDOVFLHQWLVWVUHVHDUFKLQJOHVELDQDQG
te.
ga

JD\IDPLOLHV1HGEiONRYiLVHVSHFLDOO\LQWHUHVWHGLQWKHLQWHUSOD\EHWZHHQUHJLPHV
sh
w.a

RINQRZOHGJHERWKDWWKHOHYHORISHUVRQDOOLYHVDQGWKHLUDFDGHPLFWKHRUHWLVDWLRQ
ww

DQG EHWZHHQ :HVWHUQ µQRQQRUPDWLYH NLQVKLS¶ VFKRODUVKLS DQG &]HFK UHDOLWLHV


m
co
te.

The chapter is based on ethnographic research of lesbian couples with children in


ga
sh

the Czech Republic.


w.a
ww

Roman Kuhar, in the chapter ‘The Heteronormative Panopticon and


m

WKH 7UDQVSDUHQW &ORVHW RI WKH 3XEOLF 6SDFH LQ 6ORYHQLD¶ ZULWHV DERXW WKH
co
te.

heteronormativity of public space in Slovenia and its repercussions in the


ga
sh
w.a

everyday life of gays and lesbians. In the heteronormative geography of public


ww

VSDFH ZKHUH LPDJHV RI KHWHURVH[XDOLW\ DUH RPQLSUHVHQW DQG WKXV µLQYLVLEOH¶
m
co

signs of homosexuality automatically present a disturbance to the system. The


te.
ga

RPQLSUHVHQFHLQYLVLELOLW\ RI KHWHURVH[XDO FRGHV µPDJQL¿HV¶ KRPRVH[XDO RQHV


sh
w.a

which are then immediately accompanied by potential threats of homophobic


ww

YLROHQFH 7KLV FKDSWHU LV DOVR EDVHG RQ HPSLULFDO UHVXOWV RI WKH DXWKRU¶V HDUOLHU
m
co
te.

research. The author suggests that the experiences of gays and lesbians in public
ga
sh

VSDFH FDQ EH LQWHUSUHWHG LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI )RXFDXOW¶V HOXFLGDWLRQ RI %HQWKDP¶V
w.a
ww

SDQRSWLFRQDQG+DQQDK$UHQGW¶Vµ3DULDK3DUYHQX¶GLFKRWRP\7KHSDQRSWLFRQDV
m

Foucault explains, establishes self-surveillance whereby power is actually exercised


co
te.
ga

E\ SULVRQHUV WKHPVHOYHV 6LPLODUO\ WKH VHQVH RI µEHLQJ ZDWFKHG¶ H[SHULHQFHG
sh
w.a

by Slovenian lesbians and gays in public spaces leads them to a self-performed


ww

© Copyrighted Material
Introduction: Why Study Sexualities in Central and Eastern Europe? 
© Copyrighted Material
VXUYHLOODQFHRIWKHLURZQKRPRVH[XDOLW\WKH\µDEROLVK¶WKHLURZQH[SUHVVLRQVRI

m
co
VH[XDOLW\GXULQJWKHWLPHRIEHLQJµLPSULVRQHG¶LQWKHSDQRSWLFRQRISXEOLFVSDFH

te.
ga
WKHµWUDQVSDUHQWFORVHW¶ 

sh
w.a
In their chapter ‘Heteronormativity, Intimate Citizenship and the Regulation

ww
RI 6DPH6H[ 6H[XDOLWLHV LQ %XOJDULD¶ 6DVKD 5RVHQHLO DQG 0DUL\D 6WRLORYD DLP

m
co
te.
to expand the theorisation of heteronormativity in Central and Eastern Europe by

ga
sh
H[SORULQJWKHUHJXODWLRQRILQWLPDWHFLWL]HQVKLSLQ%XOJDULDVLQFHWKHODWHV

w.a
ww
Their central argument is that the institutionalisation and regulation of intimacy in

m
Bulgaria has been both implicitly and explicitly heteronormative. They also trace

co
te.
a number of shifts in legislation and policy, and the emergence of lesbian and gay

ga
sh
w.a
activism, during the post-socialist period, which indicate an emergent challenge to

ww
the heteronormative framing of intimate citizenship. So, for example, they discuss

m
co
KRZWKHVRFLDOLVWVWDWHUHJXODWHGDQLQGLYLGXDO¶VVH[XDOLW\DQGUHSURGXFWLYHEHKDYLRXU

te.
ga
through the promotion of marriage and procreation, and the penalising of those

sh
w.a
who did not have children. Further, they discuss the relaxation of state policing

ww
RILQWLPDWHOLYHVDIWHUWKH¿QDOUHYRNLQJRIODZVFULPLQDOLVLQJKRPRVH[XDO
m
co
acts, and the establishment of rights to non-discrimination and protection from te.
ga
sh

violence. The authors explore two cases and argue that their importance goes
w.a
ww

beyond the protection of individuals concerned with discrimination; they had


m
co

a larger cultural and symbolic importance in a situation of rapid social change.


te.
ga

)LQDOO\WKHLQYHVWLJDWLRQJRHVLQWRKRZ/*%7JURXSVDUHVHHNLQJWRFKDOOHQJHWKH
sh
w.a

heteronormative regulation of intimacy.


ww

$OH[DQGHU /DPEHYVNL LQ KLV FKDSWHU µ6LWXDWLQJ ,QWLPDWH &LWL]HQVKLS LQ


m
co

0DFHGRQLD (PRWLRQDO 1DYLJDWLRQ DQG (YHU\GD\ 4XHHUKvar Grounded


te.
ga
sh

0RUDOLWLHV¶ H[SORUHV WKH µGHPRFUDWLVDWLRQ¶ RI LQWLPDWH VSKHUHV RI OLIH LQ SRVW
w.a

VRFLDOLVW0DFHGRQLD±IURPWKHGLI¿FXOWGHPRFUDWLVDWLRQRILQWLPDWHUHODWLRQVKLSV
ww
m

and development of new sexual subjectivities, to the increased visibility of new


co
te.

intimate and sexual stories and ways of existence contesting traditional heterosexist
ga
sh

DQGSDWULDUFKDOPRGHOVRIVH[XDOREMHFWFKRLFH7KHVHQHZDUUDQJHPHQWVDUHOLQNHG
w.a
ww

by membership in various complex and competing groups and communities, and


m
co

WKXVPDUNHGE\YDULRXVGHJUHHVRIVROLGDULW\FRQÀLFWDQGWHQVLRQ7KHRUHWLFDOO\
te.
ga

VLWXDWHG DW WKH OHVELDQ DQG JD\TXHHUIHPLQLVW ERUGHU WKH FKDSWHU H[DPLQHV WKH
sh
w.a

IUDJLOHFUHDWLRQRIPXOWLSOHDQGRYHUODSSLQJLQWLPDWHTXHHUSXEOLFVSKHUHVZKLFK
ww

single mothers, gays, lesbians, bisexuals, sexually liberated women and non-
m
co
te.

WUDGLWLRQDOKHWHURVH[XDOPHQRFFXS\DQGZKHUHWKH\SUDFWLVHWKHSROLWLFVRIDI¿QLW\
ga
sh

and emancipation. By paying very close attention to actual lived situations of a


w.a
ww

small group of people, the chapter attempts to ground the rather abstract current
m

debates on intimate and sexual citizenship by focusing on how these Macedonians


co
te.

confront ethical dilemmas arising from their non-normative sexuality and how
ga
sh
w.a

they deal with them practically.


ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww

© Copyrighted Material
 De-Centring Western Sexualities
© Copyrighted Material
References

m
co
te.
%DHU%ULDQ-DPHVOther Russias: Homosexuality and the Crisis of Post-

ga
sh
w.a
Soviet Identity%DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ

ww
²²² µ5XVVLDQ *D\V:HVWHUQ *D]H 0DSSLQJ +RPR 6H[XDO 'HVLUH LQ

m
co
3RVW6RYLHW5XVVLD¶GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies  ±

te.
ga


sh
w.a
'UXOiN3HWUNational and European Identities in EU Enlargement: Views

ww
from Central and Eastern Europe. Prague: Institute of International Relations.

m
co
te.
(GHU)UDQ]/HVOH\$+DOODQG*HUW+HNPDHGVSexual Cultures in Europe:

ga
sh
Themes In Sexuality. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

w.a
ww
(NLHUW*U]HJRU]-DQ.XELNDQG0LODGD$QQD9DFKXGRYDµ'HPRFUDF\LQ

m
WKH 3RVW&RPPXQLVW :RUOG $Q 8QHQGLQJ 4XHVW"¶ East European Politics

co
te.
ga
and Societies  ±

sh
w.a
(VVLJ/DXULHQueer in Russia: A Story of Sex, Self, and the Other. Durham,

ww
1&'XNH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
m
)ODP +HOHQD  Pink, Purple, Green: Women’s, Religious, Environmental co
te.
ga

and Gay/Lesbian Movements in Central Europe Today. East European


sh
w.a

0RQRJUDSKV QR  %RXOGHU &21HZ<RUN (DVW (XURSHDQ0RQRJUDSKV


ww
m

Columbia University Press.


co
te.

)XQN1DQHWWHDQG0DJGD0XHOOHUGender Politics and Post-Communism:


ga
sh

5HÀHFWLRQVIURP(DVWHUQ(XURSHDQGWKH)RUPHU6RYLHW8QLRQ/RQGRQ1<
w.a
ww

Routledge.
m
co

*DO6XVDQDQG*DLO.OLJPDQDThe Politics of Gender after Socialism: A


te.
ga

Comparative-Historical Essay. Princeton: Princeton University Press.


sh
w.a

²²² HGV E Reproducing Gender: Politics, Publics, and Everyday Life
ww

after Socialism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.


m
co
te.

-lKQHUW*DEULHOHHWDOHGVGender in Transition in Eastern and Central


ga
sh

Europe: Proceedings. Berlin: Trafo.


w.a
ww

-RKQVRQ -DQHW (OLVH DQG -HDQ & 5RELQVRQ HGV  Living Gender after
m

Communism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.


co
te.

.RQVWDQWLQRYLü5DGRPLU)LORVR¿MDSDODQNH3KLORVRSK\RIWKH3URYLQFLDO.
ga
sh
w.a

Belgrade: Nolit.
ww

.XKDU 5 DQG - 0DJLü  Experiences and Perceptions of Homophobic
m
co

Violence and Discrimination (Research Report). Ljubljana: Legebitra.


te.
ga

.XKDU5RPDQDQG-XGLW7DNiFVHGVBeyond the Pink Curtain. Ljubljana:


sh
w.a

3HDFH,QVWLWXWHKWWSZZZSROLF\KXWDNDFVERRNVLVEQFRQWHQW
ww

.\POLFND :LOO DQG 0DJGDOHQD 2SDOVNL HGV  Can Liberal Pluralism Be
m
co
te.

Exported? Western Political Theory and Ethnic Relations in Eastern Europe.


ga
sh

Oxford: Oxford Scholarship Online.


w.a
ww

3OHLQHV+HLNRDQG6DELQH)LVFKHUHGVThe EU and Central and Eastern


m

Europe: Successes and Failures of Europeanization in Politics and Society.


co
te.
ga

&KDQJLQJ(XURSH6WXWWJDUW,ELGHP9HUODJ
sh
w.a
ww

© Copyrighted Material
Introduction: Why Study Sexualities in Central and Eastern Europe? 
© Copyrighted Material
5XSQLN -DFTXHV  µ7KH 3RVWFRPPXQLVW 'LYLGH¶ Journal of Democracy

m
co
  ±

te.
ga
6KLUDHY (ULF DQG 9ODGLPLU 6KODSHQWRNK HGV  Fears in Post-Communist

sh
w.a
Society%DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ

ww
6WHOOD )UDQFHVFD  7KH 5LJKW WR %H 'LIIHUHQW" 6H[XDO &LWL]HQVKLS DQG LWV

m
co
te.
Politics in Post-Soviet Russia. In Gender, Equality and Difference During and

ga
sh
After State Socialism, ed. Rebecca Kay. Studies in Central and Eastern Europe.

w.a
ww
%DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ

m
âWXOKRIHU$OHNVDQGDUDQG7KHR6DQGIRUWHGVSexuality and Gender in Post-

co
te.
Communist Eastern Europe and Russia. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.

ga
sh
w.a
âYDE$DQG5.XKDUThe Unbearable Comfort of Privacy: Everyday Life

ww
of Gays and Lesbians/MXEOMDQD3HDFH,QVWLWXWHKWWSZZZPLURYQLLQVWLWXW

m
co
VL3XEOLNDFLMD'HWDLOHQSXEOLNDFLMD7KH8QEHDUDEOH&RQIRUWRI3ULYDF\7KH

te.
ga
Everyday-Life-of-Gays-and-Lesbians.

sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww

© Copyrighted Material

You might also like