Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction:
m
co
te.
Why Study Sexualities in Central and
ga
sh
w.a
ww
Eastern Europe?
m
co
te.
ga
sh
5REHUW.XOSDDQG-RDQQD0L]LHOLĔVND
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
$OWKRXJKKRPRVH[XDOLW\LQLWVPDQ\PDQLIHVWDWLRQVKDVEHHQDVLJQL¿FDQWIDFWRULQ
m
co
societies throughout the ages and across cultures, the real explosion of its politics
te.
ga
DQG YLVLELOLW\ KDV WDNHQ SODFH DIWHU :RUOG :DU ,, DQG DUJXDEO\ LQ WKH µ:HVW¶
sh
w.a
The vast amount of academic literature about sexuality is written from and in a
ww
:HVWHUQ$QJOR$PHULFDQFRQWH[W+RZHYHUHYHQZKHQFRQVLGHULQJWKHUHFHQW
m
co
VKLIWLQTXHHUVWXGLHVWRZDUGVHPEUDFLQJWKHPDUJLQVDQGRXWVNLUWVGHFHQWULQJWKH te.
ga
sh
LV VWLOO QRWLFHDEO\ OHVV ZRUN GRQH DERXW WKH :HVW¶V µQHLJKERXULQJ¶ FRXQWULHV RI
te.
ga
&HQWUDODQG(DVWHUQ(XURSH&((
sh
w.a
µ(XURSHDQ¶WHQGVWRHTXDOµ:HVWHUQ¶ZHZRXOGOLNHWRSOXUDOLVHDQGSUREOHPDWLVH
m
co
WKHQRWLRQRIµ:HVWHUQQRQ:HVWHUQ¶VH[XDOLWLHVEHFDXVHRIWKHVWUHVVRQµ&HQWUDO
te.
ga
sh
DQG (DVWHUQ¶ GHQRWDWLRQ :H GR VR EHFDXVH ZH EHOLHYH WKDW WKH GLFKRWRP\
w.a
µ:HVWQRQ:HVW¶LVPDLQO\FRQVWUXFWHGRQWKHEDVLVRI$QJOR$PHULFDQZD\VRI
ww
m
H[SHULHQFLQJVH[XDOLW\PDNLQJWKHµ:HVWHUQH[SHULHQFH¶WKHQRUPDWLYHRQHSODFHG
co
te.
DWWKHFHQWUHRIQDUUDWLYHV7KHPRVWVWUDLJKWIRUZDUGDLPRIWKLVERRNLVWKXVWR
ga
sh
FULWLFDOO\DVVHVVWKHFXUUHQWVWDWHRINQRZOHGJHDERXWVH[XDOLWLHVRXWVLGHWKHDOO
w.a
ww
SHUYDVLYHIUDPLQJVRIWKHµ:HVW¶DQGWRIRFXVRQWKHLUH[SUHVVLRQVLQWKHµQHDUE\¶
m
co
and still underexplored region of Central and Eastern Europe. By doing so, we
te.
ga
consider both categories, West and CEE, and show that it is virtually impossible to
sh
w.a
7KH\HDUVDIWHUWKHIDOORIFRPPXQLVPSURGXFHGDYDVWDPRXQWRIOLWHUDWXUHDERXW
co
te.
WKH&((UHJLRQDPRQJPDQ\RWKHUVVHH5XSQLN'UXOiN.\POLFND
ga
sh
w.a
DQG2SDOVNL6KLUDHYDQG6KODSHQWRNK(NLHUW.XELNDQG9DFKXGRYD
ww
3OHLQHVDQG)LVFKHU+RZHYHUZHIHHOWKDWSRVWFRPPXQLVWVWXGLHV
m
co
political systems in the region; together with economics, these two disciplines
sh
w.a
IRUPWKHGRPLQDQWSHUVSHFWLYH7KHUHLVKRZHYHUDJURZLQJERG\RIZRUNDERXW
ww
© Copyrighted Material
De-Centring Western Sexualities
© Copyrighted Material
cultural and social re-evaluation of everyday life experiences in CEE, written from
m
cultural studies perspectives; yet it still remains relatively small in comparison
co
te.
with economics and politics.
ga
sh
w.a
:KHQIRFXVLQJVSHFL¿FDOO\RQ&((RQHQHHGVWRDFNQRZOHGJHWKHH[LVWLQJ
ww
DQGZHOOGHYHORSHGERG\RIOLWHUDWXUHDERXWZRPHQDQGIHPLQLVPHJ)XQNDQG
m
co
0XHOOHU*DODQG.OLJPDQDE-lKQHUWDQGHWDO-RKQVRQ
te.
ga
DQG5RELQVRQ+RZHYHUKDUGO\DQ\RIWKHVHSRVLWLRQVXQGHUWDNHVWKHHIIRUW
sh
w.a
of scrutinising non-heterosexuality. It can be said that, contrary to the existing
ww
OLWHUDWXUH RQ JHQGHU DQG VH[XDOLW\ LQ WKH :HVWHUQ FXOWXUDO FRQWH[W WKH ¿HOG RI
m
co
te.
VH[XDOLW\ VWXGLHV LQ DQG DERXW &(( LV LQ LWV LQIDQF\ 7KH VFDUFLW\ RI ZRUN LV
ga
sh
FOHDU 6R IDU RQO\ D FRXSOH RI SXEOLFDWLRQV HJ âWXOKRIHU DQG 6DQGIRUW
w.a
ww
.XKDUDQG7DNiFVKDYHGLUHFWO\WDUJHWHGWKHLVVXHRIKRPRVH[XDOLW\LQWKH
m
SRVWFRPPXQLVWFRXQWULHV7KHUHDUHDIHZRWKHUERRNVWKDWFRQWDLQHQWULHVRQD
co
te.
ga
VLQJOHFRXQWU\HJ(GHU+DOODQG+HNPDERRNVDERXW&((RUDSDUWLFXODU
sh
w.a
FRXQWU\WKDWKDYHDFKDSWHURQVH[XDOLW\DPRQJRWKHULVVXHVHJ)ODP
ww
or gender and lesbian and gay studies journals that occasionally publish articles
m
concerning the region. It is not much, although of all the regions, Russia seems to co
te.
ga
VWDQGRXWZLWKDIDVWJURZLQJVFKRODUVKLSHJ(VVLJ%DHU6WHOOD
sh
w.a
+RZHYHULWLVQRWRXUDLPKHUHWRSUHVHQWDFRPSUHKHQVLYHELEOLRJUDSK\
ww
m
because this is well covered through the references at the end of each chapter.
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
%\ LQWURGXFLQJ &(( DV WKH JHRSROLWLFDO IUDPHZRUN ZH EULQJ D µQHZ¶ DUHD RI
sh
w.a
hierarchies and dynamics of exchange between West and CEE highlights power
m
co
te.
DV RQH RI WKH PDLQ FDWHJRULHV WRJHWKHU ZLWK ZLGHU VWUXFWXUDO LQHTXDOLWLHV LQ WKH
ga
sh
WKH KHJHPRQLHV RI HYHU\GD\ OLIH HJ OLYHG H[SHULHQFH RI µJOREDOLVHGORFDOLVHG
m
JD\ LGHQWLWLHV¶ WKH PLFUR OHYHO ,Q WKH VSLULW RI DQ LQWHUVHFWLRQDO DSSURDFK ZH
co
te.
are convinced that by grouping chapters that deal with different national settings,
ga
sh
w.a
both theoretically and empirically, we open up the platform for further study by
ww
FRQVWDQWO\UHIRFXVLQJDWWHQWLRQRQGLIIHUHQWFDWHJRULHVDQGLVVXHVVSHFL¿FWRHDFK
m
co
context.
te.
ga
&RQVHTXHQWO\WKLVERRNKLJKOLJKWVVRPHXQGHUO\LQJKLHUDUFKLVDWLRQVSUHVHQW
sh
w.a
ZLWKLQTXHHUVWXGLHVDQGFRQWULEXWHVWRWKHGLVFXVVLRQDERXWWKHQRWLRQDQGPHDQLQJ
ww
RIµTXHHU¶,QGRLQJVRZHMRLQRWKHUYRLFHVFDOOLQJIRUWKHGHFHQWUDOLVDWLRQDQG
m
co
te.
GH:HVWHUQLVDWLRQRIµTXHHUWKHRU\¶,ILQD:HVWHUQFRQWH[WµTXHHU¶LVWRVRPHKRZ
ga
sh
YROXPHDVNVZKDWLVOHIWRIµTXHHU¶LQWKH&((FRQWH[WZKHUH6WRQHZDOOQHYHU
m
KDSSHQHGZKHUHLWVWDQGVDVDQHPSW\VLJQL¿HUDPHDQLQJOHVV¿JXUHDQG\HWLV
co
te.
ga
© Copyrighted Material
Introduction: Why Study Sexualities in Central and Eastern Europe?
© Copyrighted Material
:HKRSHWKDWWKLVERRNZLOOKHOSWRXQVHWWOH:HVWHUQSHUVSHFWLYHVLQTXHHUVWXGLHV
m
co
E\SURYLGLQJQHZLQVLJKWVLQGLVFXVVLRQVDERXWZKDWFRQVWLWXWHVµTXHHU¶,WEULQJV
te.
ga
together macro- and micro-level analysis, providing conceptual and empirical
sh
w.a
tools and arguments. It probes the boundaries of geographical regions, cultural
ww
practices, temporal narratives, discursive concepts and imagined locations. The
m
co
te.
FKDSWHUVFROOHFWHGLQWKHERRNRIIHUDSHUVSHFWLYHRUUDWKHUDUDQJHRISHUVSHFWLYHV
ga
sh
on non-normative sexualities that are relational and performative, temporal and
w.a
ww
µJHRKLVWRULFDO¶7KHVHVH[XDOLWLHVUHPDLQLQZLGHUHFRQRPLHVRIJOREDOH[FKDQJH
m
RI FDSLWDO FXOWXUDO VRFLDO ¿QDQFLDO VSDWLDO DQG KLVWRULFDO:H ORRN DW WKHP DW
co
te.
SDUWLFXODU PRPHQWV RI µSRVWFRPPXQLVW WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ¶ DQG µGHPRFUDWLVDWLRQ¶
ga
sh
w.a
as a site of tussles between hegemonic discourses in a transnational context of
ww
negotiation and resistance.
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
Outline of Chapters
ww
m
co
7KHFKDSWHUVDUHJURXSHGLQWRWZRDUHDV7KH¿UVWFRQVLVWVRIWKHRUHWLFDOZULWLQJV te.
ga
sh
VHFRQGIRFXVHVRQLVVXHVRILQWLPDF\SUDFWLVLQJTXHHUFLWL]HQVKLSDQGNLQVKLSLQ
te.
ga
&(($OOFKDSWHUVTXHVWLRQWKHUHODWLRQRI&((WRWKH:HVWRQYDULRXVOHYHOVDQG
sh
w.a
VRSUROLIHUDWHWKHGHEDWHDERXWµWUDQVQDWLRQDOVH[XDOLWLHV¶µJOREDO/*%7DFWLYLVP¶
ww
DQGµORFDOLW\¶
m
co
-RDQQD0L]LHOLĔVNDDQG5REHUW.XOSD¶VFKDSWHUµ³&RQWHPSRUDU\3HULSKHULHV´
te.
ga
sh
ODUJHU WKHRUHWLFDO IUDPHZRUN IRU WKH ZKROH ERRN %\ XQGHUWDNLQJ LVVXHV RI WKH
ww
m
KHJHPRQ\ RI WLPH DQG VSDFH ± DV UHÀHFWHG LQ WKH$QJOR$PHULFDQ SURGXFWLRQ
co
te.
VWXGLHV ± WKH FKDSWHU SURYLGHV FULWLFDO HQJDJHPHQW ZLWK FXUUHQW WUHQGV LQ TXHHU
w.a
ww
DQG SOXUDOLVH WKH QRWLRQ RI µ:HVWHUQ¶ VH[XDOLW\ DQG LQGLFDWH LWV µFRQWHPSRUDO
te.
ga
SHULSKHU\¶±LHPHFKDQLVPVRIµ2WKHULQJ¶&((HJE\UHQGHULQJLWµSHUPDQHQWO\
sh
w.a
WUDQVLWLRQDO¶µSRVWFRPPXQLVW¶ 7KH DXWKRUV WU\ WR YLVXDOLVH WKHLU LGHDV RI WLPH
ww
PRGDOLWLHV UXQQLQJ SDUDOOHO ZKHUH LQ RQH RI WKHP ¿QLVKHV DQG WKH RWKHU
ga
sh
becomes universal for both. However, the authors contrast the Western ‘time of
w.a
ww
VHTXHQFH¶ZLWKWKH(DVWHUQµWLPHRIFRLQFLGHQFH¶UHSUHVHQWHGDVDµNQRWWLQJ¶DQG
m
µORRSLQJ¶RIWLPHV0L]LHOLĔVNDDQG.XOSDXVHDVDQH[DPSOHVH[XDOSROLWLFVLQ
co
te.
&((DQGWU\WRRUJDQLVHWKHµNQRWWHGWHPSRUDOLW\RI&((¶LQWRIDPLOLDUVWDJHVDQG
ga
sh
w.a
PRYHPHQWVVLPSOLI\LQJLWLQRUGHUWRPDNHVHQVHRILW+RZHYHUWKH\DOVRDVND
m
co
VHWRILPSRUWDQWTXHVWLRQV
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
© Copyrighted Material
4 De-Centring Western Sexualities
© Copyrighted Material
• 'RHVVXFKµXQNQRWWLQJ¶PDNHVHQVHDQGIRUZKRP"
m
• :KDWDUHWKHSUHUHTXLVLWHVWREHDEOHWRXQGHUVWDQGLWLQHLWKHUIRUP"
co
te.
• :K\DUHFHUWDLQPRGHOVIDPLOLDUWRµDOO¶"
ga
sh
w.a
• Why will local narrations of lesbian and gay emancipation be seen as
ww
SUHFLVHO\µORFDO¶DQGQRWµXQLYHUVDOO\¶UHFRJQLVHG"
m
co
te.
ga
:LWKWKLVFKDSWHUWKH\ZDQWWRXQGHUWDNHWKHWDVNRITXHVWLRQLQJWKHSRZHUUHODWLRQV
sh
w.a
EHWZHHQµ:HVW¶DQGµ&((¶EHWZHHQ:HVWHUQTXHHUDFDGHPLFVFKRODUVKLSDQG&((
ww
WKHRUHWLFDOLQVLJKWVFDOOLQJQRWRQO\IRUWKHµGHFHQWUDOLVDWLRQRITXHHUWKHRU\¶EXW
m
co
te.
also for greater attentiveness to spatial and temporal choices in doing so.
ga
sh
-HOLVDYHWD%ODJRMHYLüLQKHUFKDSWHUµ%HWZHHQ:DOOV3URYLQFLRQDOLVP+XPDQ
w.a
ww
5LJKWV6H[XDOLWLHVDQG6HUELDQ3XEOLF'LVFRXUVHRQ(8,QWHJUDWLRQ¶UHFDOOVWKH
m
UHFHQW GHEDWH DERXW WKH VHFRQG QDWLRQDO JD\ SDUDGH LQ %HOJUDGH LQ :KDW
co
te.
ga
prevailed in the arguments of the local authorities, and also those who declare
sh
w.a
WKHPVHOYHV LQ IDYRXU RI µ(XURSH (8 LQWHJUDWLRQ DQG KXPDQ ULJKWV¶ ZDV WKH
ww
FRQYLFWLRQWKDWVH[XDORULHQWDWLRQLVDSULYDWHPDWWHUDQGµVKRXOGEHNHSWEHKLQG
m
WKH>IRXU@ZDOOV¶$FFRUGLQJO\WKHUHDUHQRUHDVRQVWRGHPRQVWUDWHRQH¶VVH[XDO co
te.
ga
SUHIHUHQFHVLQSXEOLF7KHPHWDSKRURIµWKHZDOO¶KHOSV%ODJRMHYLüLQDQDO\VLQJ
sh
w.a
$GGLWLRQDOO\VKHUHIHUVWRWKHQRWLRQRIWKHµSURYLQFLDOPLQG¶LQWURGXFHGE\WKH
co
te.
.RQVWDQWLQRYLF¶V FULWLFLVP PD\ HTXDOO\ EH DSSOLHG WR DQ\ JHRSROLWLFDO ORFDWLRQ
m
co
µ3URYLQFLDO PLQG¶ LV D VWDWH RI FRQVFLRXVQHVV WKDW PD\ DQG LQGHHG GRHV RFFXU
te.
ga
HYHU\ZKHUH6RE\DVNLQJTXHVWLRQVDERXWVH[XDOLW\SURYLQFLDOLVPWKH%DONDQV
sh
w.a
WKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ(8*D\3ULGHQDWLRQDQGQDWLRQDOLVPDQGKRPRVH[XDOLW\
ww
%ODJRMHYLü H[SORUHV VRPH GHHSO\ LQWHUWZLQHG DQG WKXV QRW REYLRXV DQG QRW
m
co
te.
much analysed connections between them. This chapter can be said to deal with
ga
sh
WRKDXQWOLNH0DU[¶VVSHFWUHHYHU\LGHDRIDµFRPPXQLW\¶EHLWVH[XDOQDWLRQDO
m
RUSDQQDWLRQDO
co
te.
,Q WKH WKLUG FKDSWHU µ1DWLRQV DQG 6H[XDOLWLHV ± ³:HVW´ DQG ³(DVW´¶ 5REHUW
ga
sh
w.a
.XOSDUHÀHFWVRQWKHUHFHQWÀRXULVKLQJRIZRUNVDERXWQDWLRQVQDWLRQDOLVPDQG
ww
EHHQPRUHDWWHPSWVDWGLVFXVVLQJKRPRVH[XDOLW\DQGQDWLRQDOLW\PDLQO\ZLWKLQ
te.
ga
WKH GRPDLQ RI µVH[XDO FLWL]HQVKLS¶ RYHUDOO VXUSULVLQJO\ OLWWOH KDV EHHQ ZULWWHQ
sh
w.a
about the sexual underpinnings of nationalistic politics and about the nationalist
ww
GLPHQVLRQRIJD\SROLWLFV7KXVWKHFKDSWHU¶VJRDOLVWREXLOGXSWKHWKHRUHWLFDO
m
co
te.
UHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH OLWHUDWXUH RQ VH[XDOLW\ DQG RQ QDWLRQDOLVP UHÀHFW RQ WKHLU
ga
sh
IXUWKHU DQDO\WLFDO ZRUN FRXOG EH GRQH7KH DXWKRU XVHV H[DPSOHV IURP &(( WR
m
URXQG XS KLV ZULWLQJ ZLWK HPSLULFDO ÀHVK DQG SURELQJ TXHVWLRQV .XOSD WUDFHV
co
te.
ga
WKHVH UHODWLRQV RI QDWLRQDO DQG VH[XDO LQ WKH HPHUJLQJ GLVFRXUVHV DQG XVHV RI
sh
w.a
WKH JHRWHPSRUDO FDWHJRULHV RI µSURJUHVV¶ µ:HVW¶ DQG µ(DVW¶ DQG µWUDQVLWLRQ¶ %\
ww
© Copyrighted Material
Introduction: Why Study Sexualities in Central and Eastern Europe?
© Copyrighted Material
doing so, he critically engages with some recent writings on the topic, and shows
m
co
KRZQHRLPSHULDOSROLWLFVRIWKHµ:HVW¶PD\RSHUDWHQRWRQO\DVDµFLYLOLVLQJ¶DQG
te.
ga
DQQLKLODWLQJPLVVLRQEXWDOVRDVDµSHGDJRJLFDO¶SUR¿WHHULQJRQH
sh
w.a
7KHIRXUWKFKDSWHU±µ$6KRUW+LVWRU\RIWKH4XHHU7LPHRI³3RVW6RFLDOLVW´
ww
5RPDQLD RU$UH :H 7KHUH<HW" /HW¶V$VN 0DGRQQD¶ E\ 6KDQQRQ :RRGFRFN
m
co
te.
± PDSV WKH WXUEXOHQW GHFDGHV RI FRQWHVWHG DFWLYLVP DQG WKH SUDFWLFH RI µVH[XDO
ga
sh
ULJKWV¶ LQ 5RPDQLD %\ FRQIURQWLQJ UDWKHU XQGHUJURXQG DQG UDGLFDO 5RPDQLDQ
w.a
ww
\RXWK TXHHULQJ SROLWLFV VKH KLJKOLJKWV DQG FULWLTXHV WKH SHUYDVLYH (8URSHDQ
m
KHJHPRQLHVRIµPRGHUQLVDWLRQ¶%\WKHXVHRIDVLPSOHWHUPµ(8URSHDQLVDWLRQ¶
co
te.
:RRGFRFN PDQDJHV WR GUDZ D VKDUS DQG XQFRPSURPLVLQJ SLFWXUH RI SRZHUIXO
ga
sh
w.a
KHJHPRQLHVDQGLQHTXDOLWLHVLQUHODWLRQVEHWZHHQ5RPDQLDDQGWKH(86KHVKRZV
ww
how Western donors have continued to set the agenda for the funded development
m
co
of an LGBT community in Romania, irrespective of the local cultural and
te.
ga
KLVWRULFDOFRQWH[W7KHDXWKRUXVHVUHFHQWTXHHUZULWLQJVDERXWWKHSURFHVVHVRI
sh
w.a
µUDFLDOLVDWLRQ¶RI2WKHUQHVV±DWWKHH[SHQVHRIZKLFKWKHµJD\SURJUHVVLYH¶DJHQGD
ww
RI:HVWHUQVRFLHWLHVLVIXQGHG±WRDQDO\VH5RPDQLDQUHODWLRQVEHWZHHQVH[XDODQG
m
co
HWKQLFPLQRULWLHV,QSDUWLFXODUVKHVKRZVKRZµ:HVWHUQOLNH¶µSURJD\SROLWLFV¶LV te.
ga
sh
/*%7DQG4XHHU3ROLWLFVLQ3RODQGDQGWKH³:HVW´¶-RDQQD0L]LHOLĔVNDZULWHV
te.
ga
RQ WKH WUDQVODWLRQ RI µ:HVWHUQ¶ LGHDV RI /*%7 DQG TXHHU SROLWLFV LQWR D 3ROLVK
sh
w.a
FRQWH[WDQGWULHVWRVKRZZKDWLVORVWJDLQHGWKURXJKRXWWKLVSURFHVV)LUVWVKH
ww
presents the recent Polish political scene and other examples of sexual politics in
m
co
3RODQG%\GRLQJVRVKHDLPVWRGHVFULEHWKHOLPLWDWLRQVRITXHHULQSROLWLFVLQ
te.
ga
sh
Poland, but also to show some of the resistance actions performed by LGBT and
w.a
IHPLQLVW FLUFOHV LQ 3RODQG 6KH DUJXHV WKDW TXHHULQJ SROLWLFV FDQ PHDQ GLIIHUHQW
ww
m
things locally and that what can be described as an identity approach from a US
co
te.
SHUVSHFWLYH FDQ KDYH LWV TXHHU IDFH RQ WKH ORFDO OHYHO 7KHUHIRUH VKH H[SDQGV
ga
sh
XSRQWKHDOUHDG\LQWURGXFHGFRQFHSWVRIWKH:HVWHUQµWLPHRIVHTXHQFH¶DQGWKH
w.a
ww
(DVWHUQ µWLPH RI FRLQFLGHQFH¶ DQG VXJJHVWV WKDW 3ROLVK /*%7 DFWLYLVP FDQQRW
m
co
EHFDWHJRULVHGVLPSO\DVµLGHQWLWDULDQ¶RUµTXHHU¶EHFDXVHLWH[LVWVLQDGLIIHUHQW
te.
ga
JHRWHPSRUDOLW\ FRPSDUHG WR WKH µ:HVW¶ 6KH IRFXVHV RQ WKH &DPSDLJQ$JDLQVW
sh
w.a
VKRZVWKDWLQWKHLUFKRLFHRIVWUDWHJLHVDQGGLVFRXUVHVRQHFDQVHHWKHTXHHUPL[WXUH
m
co
te.
of ideas that represent various historical stages of Western LGBT activism. She
ga
sh
VXJJHVWV WKDW RQH RI WKH UHDVRQV LV WKH µWHPSRUDO GLVMXQFWLRQ¶ D KLVWRULFDOYRLG
w.a
ww
Poland but not in the West. During that period Western ideas were unanimously
co
te.
FRQWH[WDQGIXQFWLRQLQJ$WWKHHQGVKHUHÀHFWVXSRQ$QJOR$PHULFDQNQRZOHGJH
ww
SURGXFWLRQDQGSUHVHQWVFULWLFDOTXHHUVWDQFHVWRZDUGVSULPDULO\$PHULFDQµTXHHU
m
co
WKHRU\¶6KHSRLQWVWRWKHUHFHQWGHYHORSPHQWVLQWKH¿HOGRITXHHUVWXGLHVWKDW
te.
ga
VKRZWKHQHHGIRUJUHDWHUµORFDOLVDWLRQ¶RIVH[XDOSROLWLFVFRQWH[WXDOLVLQJLWZLWKLQ
sh
w.a
local historical, geographical, political and linguistic contexts. Her chapter thus
ww
© Copyrighted Material
De-Centring Western Sexualities
© Copyrighted Material
FRQWULEXWHVWRZDUGVRSHQLQJWKHGHEDWHDERXWWKHVKDSHDQGPHDQLQJRIµTXHHU¶
m
and its potential outside the Western context.
co
te.
-RQ%LQQLHDQG&KULVWLDQ.OHVVH¶VFKDSWHUµ5HVHDUFKLQJ7UDQVQDWLRQDO$FWLYLVP
ga
sh
w.a
around LGBTQ Activism in Central and Eastern Europe: Activist Solidarities and
ww
6SDWLDO ,PDJLQLQJV¶ LV EDVHG RQ DQ HPSLULFDO UHVHDUFK SURMHFW RQ WUDQVQDWLRQDO
m
co
activism around LGBT politics in Poland. Transnational activism has been a
te.
ga
VLJQL¿FDQW FRPSRQHQW RI UHVLVWDQFH DJDLQVW WKH EDQQLQJ RI HTXDOLW\ PDUFKHV LQ
sh
w.a
DQGDQGDJDLQVWYLROHQWDWWDFNVE\IDUULJKWJURXSVDQGKRPRSKRELF
ww
SXEOLFGLVFRXUVH±DOODVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHULVHRIWKH/DZDQG-XVWLFH3DUW\DQG
m
co
te.
the League of Polish Families. The chapter considers the different understandings
ga
sh
and conceptions of solidarity that motivate and inform transnational actions. For
w.a
ww
instance they discuss how notions of sameness and difference are articulated within
m
these conceptions of solidarity, and are particularly concerned with exploring the
co
te.
ga
DIIHFWLYH GLPHQVLRQV RI ZKDW &DURO *RXOG KDV WHUPHG µQHWZRUNHG VROLGDULWLHV¶
sh
w.a
Finally the authors consider how sexuality can be theorised in relation to alternative
ww
FRQFHSWLRQVRIWUDQVQDWLRQDOVROLGDULW\ZLWKLQVRFLDODQGSROLWLFDOWKHRU\
m
7KHQH[WFKDSWHUµ5HQGHULQJ*HQGHULQ/HVELDQ)DPLOLHV$&]HFK&DVH¶E\ co
te.
ga
.DWHĜLQD1HGEiONRYiIRFXVHVRQPHWKRGVDQGVWUDWHJLHVXVHGE\OHVELDQSDUHQWVWR
sh
w.a
FRQVWUXFWDQGUHZRUNFRQFHSWVRIJHQGHULQWKHLUHYHU\GD\SUDFWLFHV&RQVLGHULQJ
ww
m
still present social stigma and many instances of culturally sanctioned homophobia,
co
te.
the author examines how these redoings are used for political legitimisation,
ga
sh
IRFXVRIWKLVFKDSWHUFRQFHUQVWKHDFDGHPLFVFKRODUVKLSDERXWµTXHHUNLQVKLS¶±LQ
m
co
SDUWLFXODUKRZFRQFHSWVDUHµIUDPHG¶E\VRFLDOVFLHQWLVWVUHVHDUFKLQJOHVELDQDQG
te.
ga
JD\IDPLOLHV1HGEiONRYiLVHVSHFLDOO\LQWHUHVWHGLQWKHLQWHUSOD\EHWZHHQUHJLPHV
sh
w.a
RINQRZOHGJHERWKDWWKHOHYHORISHUVRQDOOLYHVDQGWKHLUDFDGHPLFWKHRUHWLVDWLRQ
ww
WKH 7UDQVSDUHQW &ORVHW RI WKH 3XEOLF 6SDFH LQ 6ORYHQLD¶ ZULWHV DERXW WKH
co
te.
VSDFH ZKHUH LPDJHV RI KHWHURVH[XDOLW\ DUH RPQLSUHVHQW DQG WKXV µLQYLVLEOH¶
m
co
YLROHQFH 7KLV FKDSWHU LV DOVR EDVHG RQ HPSLULFDO UHVXOWV RI WKH DXWKRU¶V HDUOLHU
m
co
te.
research. The author suggests that the experiences of gays and lesbians in public
ga
sh
VSDFH FDQ EH LQWHUSUHWHG LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI )RXFDXOW¶V HOXFLGDWLRQ RI %HQWKDP¶V
w.a
ww
SDQRSWLFRQDQG+DQQDK$UHQGW¶Vµ3DULDK3DUYHQX¶GLFKRWRP\7KHSDQRSWLFRQDV
m
E\ SULVRQHUV WKHPVHOYHV 6LPLODUO\ WKH VHQVH RI µEHLQJ ZDWFKHG¶ H[SHULHQFHG
sh
w.a
© Copyrighted Material
Introduction: Why Study Sexualities in Central and Eastern Europe?
© Copyrighted Material
VXUYHLOODQFHRIWKHLURZQKRPRVH[XDOLW\WKH\µDEROLVK¶WKHLURZQH[SUHVVLRQVRI
m
co
VH[XDOLW\GXULQJWKHWLPHRIEHLQJµLPSULVRQHG¶LQWKHSDQRSWLFRQRISXEOLFVSDFH
te.
ga
WKHµWUDQVSDUHQWFORVHW¶
sh
w.a
In their chapter ‘Heteronormativity, Intimate Citizenship and the Regulation
ww
RI 6DPH6H[ 6H[XDOLWLHV LQ %XOJDULD¶ 6DVKD 5RVHQHLO DQG 0DUL\D 6WRLORYD DLP
m
co
te.
to expand the theorisation of heteronormativity in Central and Eastern Europe by
ga
sh
H[SORULQJWKHUHJXODWLRQRILQWLPDWHFLWL]HQVKLSLQ%XOJDULDVLQFHWKHODWHV
w.a
ww
Their central argument is that the institutionalisation and regulation of intimacy in
m
Bulgaria has been both implicitly and explicitly heteronormative. They also trace
co
te.
a number of shifts in legislation and policy, and the emergence of lesbian and gay
ga
sh
w.a
activism, during the post-socialist period, which indicate an emergent challenge to
ww
the heteronormative framing of intimate citizenship. So, for example, they discuss
m
co
KRZWKHVRFLDOLVWVWDWHUHJXODWHGDQLQGLYLGXDO¶VVH[XDOLW\DQGUHSURGXFWLYHEHKDYLRXU
te.
ga
through the promotion of marriage and procreation, and the penalising of those
sh
w.a
who did not have children. Further, they discuss the relaxation of state policing
ww
RILQWLPDWHOLYHVDIWHUWKH¿QDOUHYRNLQJRIODZVFULPLQDOLVLQJKRPRVH[XDO
m
co
acts, and the establishment of rights to non-discrimination and protection from te.
ga
sh
violence. The authors explore two cases and argue that their importance goes
w.a
ww
)LQDOO\WKHLQYHVWLJDWLRQJRHVLQWRKRZ/*%7JURXSVDUHVHHNLQJWRFKDOOHQJHWKH
sh
w.a
0RUDOLWLHV¶ H[SORUHV WKH µGHPRFUDWLVDWLRQ¶ RI LQWLPDWH VSKHUHV RI OLIH LQ SRVW
w.a
VRFLDOLVW0DFHGRQLD±IURPWKHGLI¿FXOWGHPRFUDWLVDWLRQRILQWLPDWHUHODWLRQVKLSV
ww
m
intimate and sexual stories and ways of existence contesting traditional heterosexist
ga
sh
DQGSDWULDUFKDOPRGHOVRIVH[XDOREMHFWFKRLFH7KHVHQHZDUUDQJHPHQWVDUHOLQNHG
w.a
ww
WKXVPDUNHGE\YDULRXVGHJUHHVRIVROLGDULW\FRQÀLFWDQGWHQVLRQ7KHRUHWLFDOO\
te.
ga
VLWXDWHG DW WKH OHVELDQ DQG JD\TXHHUIHPLQLVW ERUGHU WKH FKDSWHU H[DPLQHV WKH
sh
w.a
IUDJLOHFUHDWLRQRIPXOWLSOHDQGRYHUODSSLQJLQWLPDWHTXHHUSXEOLFVSKHUHVZKLFK
ww
single mothers, gays, lesbians, bisexuals, sexually liberated women and non-
m
co
te.
WUDGLWLRQDOKHWHURVH[XDOPHQRFFXS\DQGZKHUHWKH\SUDFWLVHWKHSROLWLFVRIDI¿QLW\
ga
sh
small group of people, the chapter attempts to ground the rather abstract current
m
confront ethical dilemmas arising from their non-normative sexuality and how
ga
sh
w.a
© Copyrighted Material
De-Centring Western Sexualities
© Copyrighted Material
References
m
co
te.
%DHU%ULDQ-DPHVOther Russias: Homosexuality and the Crisis of Post-
ga
sh
w.a
Soviet Identity%DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ
ww
²²² µ5XVVLDQ *D\V:HVWHUQ *D]H 0DSSLQJ +RPR6H[XDO 'HVLUH LQ
m
co
3RVW6RYLHW5XVVLD¶GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies±
te.
ga
sh
w.a
'UXOiN3HWUNational and European Identities in EU Enlargement: Views
ww
from Central and Eastern Europe. Prague: Institute of International Relations.
m
co
te.
(GHU)UDQ]/HVOH\$+DOODQG*HUW+HNPDHGVSexual Cultures in Europe:
ga
sh
Themes In Sexuality. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
w.a
ww
(NLHUW*U]HJRU]-DQ.XELNDQG0LODGD$QQD9DFKXGRYDµ'HPRFUDF\LQ
m
WKH 3RVW&RPPXQLVW :RUOG $Q 8QHQGLQJ 4XHVW"¶ East European Politics
co
te.
ga
and Societies±
sh
w.a
(VVLJ/DXULHQueer in Russia: A Story of Sex, Self, and the Other. Durham,
ww
1&'XNH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
m
)ODP +HOHQD Pink, Purple, Green: Women’s, Religious, Environmental co
te.
ga
5HÀHFWLRQVIURP(DVWHUQ(XURSHDQGWKH)RUPHU6RYLHW8QLRQ/RQGRQ1<
w.a
ww
Routledge.
m
co
²²² HGV E Reproducing Gender: Politics, Publics, and Everyday Life
ww
-RKQVRQ -DQHW (OLVH DQG -HDQ & 5RELQVRQ HGV Living Gender after
m
.RQVWDQWLQRYLü5DGRPLU)LORVR¿MDSDODQNH3KLORVRSK\RIWKH3URYLQFLDO.
ga
sh
w.a
Belgrade: Nolit.
ww
.XKDU 5 DQG - 0DJLü Experiences and Perceptions of Homophobic
m
co
3HDFH,QVWLWXWHKWWSZZZSROLF\KXWDNDFVERRNVLVEQFRQWHQW
ww
.\POLFND :LOO DQG 0DJGDOHQD 2SDOVNL HGV Can Liberal Pluralism Be
m
co
te.
&KDQJLQJ(XURSH6WXWWJDUW,ELGHP9HUODJ
sh
w.a
ww
© Copyrighted Material
Introduction: Why Study Sexualities in Central and Eastern Europe?
© Copyrighted Material
5XSQLN -DFTXHV µ7KH 3RVWFRPPXQLVW 'LYLGH¶ Journal of Democracy
m
co
±
te.
ga
6KLUDHY (ULF DQG 9ODGLPLU 6KODSHQWRNK HGV Fears in Post-Communist
sh
w.a
Society%DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ
ww
6WHOOD )UDQFHVFD 7KH 5LJKW WR %H 'LIIHUHQW" 6H[XDO &LWL]HQVKLS DQG LWV
m
co
te.
Politics in Post-Soviet Russia. In Gender, Equality and Difference During and
ga
sh
After State Socialism, ed. Rebecca Kay. Studies in Central and Eastern Europe.
w.a
ww
%DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ
m
âWXOKRIHU$OHNVDQGDUDQG7KHR6DQGIRUWHGVSexuality and Gender in Post-
co
te.
Communist Eastern Europe and Russia. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.
ga
sh
w.a
âYDE$DQG5.XKDUThe Unbearable Comfort of Privacy: Everyday Life
ww
of Gays and Lesbians/MXEOMDQD3HDFH,QVWLWXWHKWWSZZZPLURYQLLQVWLWXW
m
co
VL3XEOLNDFLMD'HWDLOHQSXEOLNDFLMD7KH8QEHDUDEOH&RQIRUWRI3ULYDF\7KH
te.
ga
Everyday-Life-of-Gays-and-Lesbians.
sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
m
co
te.
ga
sh
w.a
ww
© Copyrighted Material