Revision – simple differentiation exercises

3 − 4x sin x
1. Differentiate with respect to x (a) (b) e

2 2
2. Differentiate with respect to x: (a) (x + l) (b) 1n(3x – 1).

3. (a) Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve y = ln x at the point (e, 1), and verify that the origin is
on this line.

d
(b) Show that x (x ln x – x) = ln x.
d

(c)* The diagram shows the region enclosed by the curve y = ln x, the tangent line in part (a), and the line y
= 0.
y

1 ( e , 1 )

0 1 2 3 x

1
Use the result of part (b) to show that the area of this region is 2 e – 1.

3
4. Let f (x) = x .

f (5 + h) − f (5)
(a) Evaluate h for h = 0.1.

f (5 + h) − f (5)
(b) What number does h approach as h approaches zero?

2x
5. The diagram shows part of the graph of the curve with equation y=e cos x.

1
 y

P a( , b )

0 x

dy d2 y
2x 2
(a) Show that dx = e (2 cos x – sin x). (b) Find dx .

*** There is an inflexion point at P(a, b).

3
(c) Use the results from parts (a) and (b) to prove that: (i) tan a = 4 ;

2x
the gradient of the curve at P is e .

2
6. Given the function f(x) = x – 3bx + (c + 2), determine the values of b and c such that f(i) = 0 and f′ (3) = 0.

7. Consider the function f(x) = k sin x + 3x, where k is a constant.

(a) Find f ′ (x).

π
(b) When x = 3 , the gradient of the curve of f(x) is 8. Find the value of k.
x
2
Let f(x) = e + 5cos x. Find f′ (x).
3
8.

3 2
9. Let f(x) = 6 x . Find f′ (x).

0.05t
10. The population p of bacteria at time t is given by p = 100e . Calculate

(a) the value of p when t = 0;

(b) the rate of increase of the population when t = 10.

2
11. Part of the graph of the periodic function f is shown below. The domain of f is 0 ≤ x ≤ 15 and the period is
3.
f( x )
4

0 x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0

(a) Find: (i) f(2); (ii) f′ (6.5); (iii) f′ (14).

(b) How many solutions are there to the equation f(x) = 1 over the given domain?

12. Let f(x) = 1 + 3 cos(2x) for 0 ≤ x ≤ π, and x is in radians.

(a) (i) Find f′ (x).

(ii) Find the values for x for which f′ (x) = 0, giving your answers in terms of π .

π
The function g(x) is defined as g(x) = f(2x) – 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 .

(b) (i) The graph of f may be transformed to the graph of g by a stretch 1in the x-direction with scale
factor followed by another transformation. Describe fully this other transformation.

(ii) Find the solution to the equation g(x) = f(x)

2
13. The function f is defined by f : x  – 0.5 x + 2 x + 2.5. (a) Write down: (i) f′ (x); (ii) f′ (0).

(b) Let N be the normal to the curve at the point where the graph intercepts the y-axis. Show that the
equation of N may be written as y = –0.5x + 2.5.
Let g : x  – 0.5 x + 2.5

(c) (i) Find the solutions of f(x) = g(x).

(ii) Hence find the coordinates of the other point of intersection of the normal and the curve.

(d)* Let R be the region enclosed between the curve and N.

(i) Write down an expression for the area of R.

(ii) Hence write down the area of R.