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Labberton

Historical Atlas
AN

HISTORICAL ATLAS
CONTAINING A CHRONOLOGICAL SERIES OF

ONE HUNDRED MAPS,


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BY

EOBERT H. LABBERTON.

PHILADELPHIA:
CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER,
NOS. 819 & 821 MARKET STREET.
1873.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, by
CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER,
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

STKBKOTTl'Kli I)Y J. FAGAN t SON, PHILADELPHIA.


1630

PREFACE.

VERY
TT1VERT student of History finds an Historical Atlas indis- tion of States with their attendant alterations of frontier; in other

-*—* 1H-11SU Ms The advantages derived from


pensable to pursuits. WOrds, Of A TRULY PICTORIAL HISTORY.

such a work are at present fully admitted. It is acknowledged, The object of this work is to supply this long-felt deficiency,

without exception, that without its aid History can neither be by offering to teachers and students a connected Series of Maps,

thoroughly taught nor perfectly understood. prepared expressly to illustrate the leading events of History from

All teachers of History have long felt the want of a collection THE EARLIEST AGES TO THE PRESENT TIME.

of maps, exhibiting at a glance the successive changes in the distribu-


ROBERT II. LABBERTOX.
Philadelphia, July, 1871.

866009
r ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTEXTS.

TWELVE MAPS ILLUSTRATING EASTERN HISTORY.


I. 1. The First Progressive Map —
Chaldcean Ascendency showing ; | c, The land of Goshen, with the bitter lakes and the canal from the
,f. The Chaldaean Empire in its greatest extent, (blue.) Nile to the Red Sea.
b, The Northern and Southern tetrarehy. d, The route of the Israelites from Goshen vii Sinai, to Jericho.
c, The course of the Euphrates and Tigris. e, The exact situation of the twelve tribes of Israel.
d, The course of the Nile from the Victoria Nyanza to the Mediterra- f, Tlie Empire of David and Solomon.
nean, showing its affluents, cataracts, and the Delta. ff,
The kingdoms of Judah and Israel.
h, Phoenicia, with the precise position of the Phoenician cities.
2. The Field of the Pyramids, (from an actual survey ;) showing
a. The bifurcation of the Nile and the bluffs. 8. Jerusalem, (from an actual survey.)
b. The exact situation of Memphis, Cairo, Old Cairo, and Gizeh. V. 9. The Fourth Progressive Map. — The Four Great Powers; showing
c. The exact position of the great pyramid, sphinx, etc. (7, The division of Western Asia (after the fall of Nineveh i
into Lydiu,

II. ?.. The Second Progressive Map.— Egyptian Ascendency; showing Media, Babylonia, and Egypt.
The Egyptian Empire in its greatest extent. 4, The position of Ionia, Greece, and Great Greece. »

c, The beginnings of Carthage, Syracuse, and Rome.


4. The Ruins of Thebes, (from an actual survey.)
10. Babylon, (from an actual survey.)
III. 5. The Third Progressive Map. — Assyrian Ascendency; showing VI. 11. The Fifth Progressive Map. —
Persian Ascendency; showing
a, The Assyrian Empire in its greatest extent.
a. The Persian Empire in its greatest extent.
b, The six great Phoenician towns, and the principal Phoenician colonies.
b. The march of Darius I. from Sardes to Scythia.
c, The beginnings of Home.
c. The march of the Ten Thousand from Sardes to Cunaxi. and their
fi. Nineveh, (from an actual survey.) return from Cunaxa to the Bosporus.
The three decisive battle-fields (Granicus. Issus. and Arbela) on
IV. 7. The Holy Land and Lower Egypt showing
;
d.
which the Persian Empire was destroyed.
fl. The arms of the Nile.
Delta, with the seven
b, Joseph's Canal, Lakes Moeris and Arsinoe. 12. The Ruins of Susa, [from an actual survey.)

NINE MAPS ILLUSTRATING GREEK HISTORY.

VII. 13. Hellas, by the Hellenes ;) showing


(the countries set/led
14. The Field of Troy.
The North-Eastern coasts of the Mediterranean from the Black
a, VIII. 15. Hellas and Peloponnesus showing ;

Sea to the Tuscan Sea. a. The subdivisions of Hellas and Peloponnesus.


6, The Propontis, with the Hellespont and Bosporus. The historical places and battle-fields.
6,
The Western coast of Asia Minor, with the principal ,'Eolian,
c,
Kemarh: — Stmts = Gulf, anil Mart = &a.
Ionian, and Dorian colonies.
d. The JEgse&n Sea with its islands, (Cyclades and Sporades.) 16. Plan of Sparta and its Neighborhood.
c The great divisions of Greece with its ethnological diversities.
/, The Greek colonies in Southern Italy and Sicily.
17. Plan of Thebes and its Neighborhood
ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS.
18. Plan of Athens and its Neighborhood. A, The route of Alexander to India.
Plan of Corinth and c. The Stales sprung from Alexander's Empire, 300 B.C.
19. its Neighborhood. The compact Roman domain, 300 B. c,
The Sixth Progressive Map. — Hellenic Ascendency showing
d,
[colored yellow.)
IX. 20. ;

a. The Empire of Alexander the Great. 21. Plan of Alexandria, [from an actual survey.)

TWENTY-SEVEN MAPS ILLUSTRATING ROMAN HISTORY.

X. 22. Italy during the Regal Period. XIII. 32. Hannibal's Route from the Rhone to the Apennines.
23. Enlarged Map of Latium during the Regal Period. 33. Plan of the City and Harbor of Carthage.
24. The Original Roman Domain, (Ager Romanus.) 34. Plan of the City and Harbor of Syracuse.
XI. 20. Italy from the beginning of the Samnite Wars to the begin- 35. The Western Basin of the Mediterranean at the close of the
ning of the Punic 'Wars; showing
Punic Wars, (146 B.C.)
a, The earliest boundaries of the great armed confederacy led by 30. The Western Basin of the Mediterranean a century after the
close of the Punic Wars, (50 B. C.)
Rome, {colored yellow.)
b\ The exact boundaries of Italy proper, (indicated by yellow lines.) XIV. 37. The Eastern Basin of the Mediterranean during the two
c, Gaul, south of the Alps (red), Liguria (green), and Istria (purple). centuries preceding the birth of Christ; showing
d, The maritime fortresses, or burgess-colonies.
a, Macedonia from the death of Alexander to the Roman Conquest.
e, The military roads, with the road-fortresses, (Latin colonies.)
b, The three "fetters of the Hellenes," — Demetrias, Chalcis, and
20. The Principal Theatre of 'War during the early Samnite Corinth.
Wars; showing c, The JEtolian and Achaean confederacies.
a. The bay of Naples with its islands, the Vesuvius, and Hercula- d, Pergamus before and after 190 B. c.
neuin and Pompeii. e, The great battle-fields of the Grreco-Rosnan wars.
A, The battle-fields of the Samnite wars. 38. Western Asia in the Times of Mithradates ; showing
27. Plan of the City and Harbor of Tarentum. u. The Empire of Mithradates, yblue.)
b. The Empire of Tigranes (yellow), and Parthia (green).
XII. 28. Rome and Carthage on the eve of and during the First Punic c. The Roman province of Asia, (yellow lines.)
War; showing Lake Copais,
a, The situation and territorial extent of Rome (yellow) and Car- 39. The Surroundings of in Bceotia, 'with Eubcea
tiinL"' (Hut) on the eve of the great struggle.
and the Euripus ;
showing
A, The principal battle-fields of the first Punic war. The principal theatre of war in the first Mithradatic war.

29, Rome and Carthage at the end of the First Punic War. XV. 40. The Seventh Progressive Map. — Roman Ascendency;
showing
30. Rome and Carthage on the eve of and during the Second a. The Roman Empire in its greatest extent.
Punic War showing ;
A, The Parthian Empire.
The Empire of the Barcidas in Spain.
a.
The situation and territorial extent of Rome and Carthage
41. Plan of the City of Rome showing ;

A, (yellow) a. The seven bills of Home.


i
bilk on the eve of the second Punic war.
,

A, The original settlement, (white.)


r. The march Of Hannibal from Carthago Nuva to the Trasimcnus. The city and wall ofServiua Tullius,
c,
The principal battle-fields of the second Punic war. (j/rllow.)
d,
d, The city and wall of Aurclian, with its gates, (yellow lint- .)

31 . Rome and Carthage at the end of the Second Punic War. e, The five bridges.
ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. vu

42. Enlarged Map of the Capitoline Hill, Fora, etc. ; showing the 44. The Bosporus and Constantinople.
most celebrated buildings and monuments.
45. Gaul before the Roman Conquest.
XVI. 43. The Roman Empire until 395 A. D. showing ;
40. Gaul after the Roman
a. The names of all the provinces with the years of conquest. Conquest.
6, The relative position of the Christian and heathen world during 47. Italy during the Empire; showing the fourteen districts.
the fourth century.
c, The division of the Empire in 395 A. D. XVII. 48. Division and Subdivision of the Roman Empire since 395.

SIXTEEN MAPS ILLUSTRATING MEDIEVAL HISTORY.

XVIII. 49. Europe and Western Asia about 500 A. D. ; showing the b, The Byzantine Empire, (yellow.)
Ostrogothic, Visigothic, Merovingian, Vandalian, and Byzan- c. The Burgundian or Arelatian kingdom, (purple.)
tine Empires. d. Francia (red), with the great duchies of Neustria. (red lines.)
e, The Caliphate of Cordova (green), with the Christian States in
XIX. 50. The Empire of the Franks under Clovis, in 507 A. D. show-
Spain, (Leon, Castile, and Pampeluna.)
;

ing the relative positions of the Salic and Ripuarian Franks.


51. The Division of the Frankish Empire, in 567 A. D., into XXIV. 58. The Age of the Crusades showing ;

Neustria, with Aquitania, Austrasia, and Burgundy, a, The possessions of the Plantagenets in 1160, (blue lines.)
Franre. red
(to illustrate the times of Brunehilda and Fredegonda.J
b, i
\

The German Empire of Barbarossa. blue.)


The Eighth Progressive Map. — Arabic Ascendency; showing
i
c,
XX. 52. d, Poland, Hungary, and Servia, (In,
0, The Arabic Empire in its greatest extent. e, The remnant of the Byzantine Empire, (yellow.)
b, The world at the beginning of the eighth century. (Christianity The Eastern Caliphate, with the Empire of lconium and the
f,
on the point of being crushed by the Moslems.) dominion of the Ayoubites, (green lines.)
The four Christian Empires, The Western Caliphate
c, (Byzantine, Longobardian, Merovingian, g, (green), with the five Christian S
and Anglo-Xaxon.)
(Portugal, Leon, Castile, Navarre, and Arragon) in t lie

53. Plan of the City of Damascus, the Capital of the Ommaiad Spanish peninsula.
Caliphs. k. The Christian States on the Syrian coast, (blue.)
XXI. 54. The Empire of Charlemagne and its Division in 843 A. D. ;
69. The Christian States in the East, in 1142. A D. :
showing
the four States founded by the Crusaders Jerusalem, Tripo-
showing
The Empire of Charlemagne and its division into Neustria, Lor- lis. Antiochia, and Edessa), with the native Christian king-
a,
raine, and Austrasia, (bli/e.) dom of Armenia (blue .

b, The Byzantine Empire and the Caliphates of Bagdad and Cordova. XXV. CO. The Hohenstaufen and the Guelphs. about 1170 A. D to ,

illustrate the struggle between Barbarossa and Henry


XXII. 55. The British Islands during the Saxon, Norman, and early the Lion showing ;

Plantagenet Periods; showing a. The German duchies in the latter part of the twelfth century.
a, The Saxon (blue) and Celtic (yellow) parts of the British Islands.
b, The possessions of the Iloheustaut'eu (blue), and thi
b, The Saxon kingdoms in England.
of the Guelphs (yellow].
c, The English battle-fields from the beginning of the eighth to the
end of the thirteenth century. 61. The North-Eastern and Southern Parts cf France, to illus-
trate the Crusade against the Albigeuses -
:

5G. South-Eastern Scotland the principal scene of the Anglo-


a, The situation of the three celebrated Benedictine monasteries
Scotch Struggle. of Cluny. Citeaux, and Clairveaux.
XXIII. 57. The World about the middle of the Tenth Century ; showing 4, The possessions of Raymond of Toulouse which were granted
a, The Empire of Otto the Great divided into its duchies, (blue.) to Simon de Montfort, (blue.)
ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS.
62a. The Latin Empire and the Christian States in the East. 62b. The Remains of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1204.
a, The Greek Empires of Nicasa an'l Trebizond, (yellow.) XXVI. 63. The Empire of Frederick II. showing ;

I. The Latin Empire with its feudal States, (blue.) {/. The German Empire during the first halt' of the 13th century, (bl.'y
c. The Venetian possessions in the East, (green.) b, The hereditary possessions of Emperor Frederick II., (green.)
d, The Turkish Empire of Iconium. c, The remnant of the Empire of Henry the Lion, (yellow.)

FIFTY-TWO MAPS ILLUSTRATING MODERN HISTORY.

XXVI. 01. England ana Trance during the Anglo-French Struggle. XXIX. 08. Eastern Europe and 'Western Asia about 1400 AD., (the
Eastern continuation of Map 67 ;) showing
a, England (blue lines) and France, (red. )
b, The countries claimed by England, (red lines.) a, The Ottoman Empire during the first part of the 15th century.
c, The portion ceded to England by the peace of Bre'tigny. b, The Empire of the Mamelukes, (yellow.)
d, The possessions of Philip the Bold, founder of the second (or c, The remnant of the Byzantine Empire during the last fifty

great) Burgundian house, (green lines.) years of its


existence, (green.)
e, All the battle-fields and historical places of the Anglo-French 69. The Ottoman extent 1682 AD.
Empire in its greatest
struggle and of the War of the Roses. 70. The Mongol Kingdoms during the Fourteenth Century ;

XXVII. 65. The Burgundian Dominion of Charles the Bold; showing showing the Empires of Genghis-Khan and of Timur.
a, The countries directly ruled by Charles the Bold, (green.) XXX. 71. The Discoveries of the Spaniards and Portuguese in the
b, The countries which had once formed a part of the Burgun- Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries showing ;

dian dominion, (green border.) a, Spain and the Spanish discoveries and colonies, (blue.)
c, The position of the Burgundian dominion, belonging partly to b, Portugal and the Portuguese discoveries and colonies, (yellow.)
France and partly to the Empire, (indicated by a yellow-blue c, Pope Alexander's line of demarcation.
line, which shores the boundary between France and the Empire.) 72. The Atlantic Coast of North America in the Seven-
d, Lorraine, being also partly a French fief (indicated by yellow teenth Century; showing •
lines) and partly a German fief (indicated by blue lines). a. The English settlements of New England, Virginia, and
e, The position of Lorraine, dividing the Northern realms of Carolina.
Charles from his Southern possessions. b. The Dutch settlement of New Netherlands.
Central Switzerland. —
The scene of the Swiss Struggle c. The Swedish settlement of New Sweden.
The French settlement of Acadia.
d.
against Habsburg showing lie position of the cradle
;
t

oj the Habsburg race (Castle Habsburg), the original Habs- 73. The United States in 1783; showing
burg domains, and the famous battle-fields. a. The situation of the Thirteen Original Colonies.
b. The principal battle-fields of the Revolution.
XXVIII. 67. 'Western Eurcpe about 1400 A. D.; showing 74. The Gulf of St. Lawrence, with its Islands.
a, The English realm, with the English possessions in France.
XXXI. 7"). France divided into Thirty-five Provinces.
b, Aquitaine, (red lines.)
e. The French realm (red), with the possessions of the house of 70. Germany divided into Ten Circles.
Anjou during the fifteenth century, (red villi black lines.) 77. The Four Rhenish Electorates with the surrounding
d, The Burgundian dominion of John the Fearless, (green lines.) Countries; showing
t. The house of Luxemburg in its greatest glory, (blue.) «, The Archbishopric of Cologne, (purple.)
f. The Habsburg possessions, (purple ) A, The Archbishopric of Treves, (green.)
.'/,
The seven German Electorates, (names underlined.') c. The
Archbishopric of Mayence, (blue.)
h, The Arr.goninn Empire (brown), with the united kingdoms d. The Rhenish Palatinate, [yellow.)
of Leon and Castile, (brown lines.) e. The Cleve inheritance in 1609, (red.)
ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS.
XXXII. 78. Western Europe about 1550 A. D. showing especially
; b, The Prussian monarchy under Frederick the Great, with
the battle-fields of tin- first Silcsian war, (blue.)
a, The house of Habsburg in the zenith of its power (purple),
with its division into an Austrian and Spanish branch. c, The Empire of the Empress-Queen Maria Theree i

d, The division of the house of Wittelsbach into the Pa


6, The kingdom of France {red) with the Bourbon possessions.
and Bavarian branches, etc.
c, The Hohenzollerns in Brandenburg (blue), Prussia, Anspach,
and Culmbach, (blue with black lint's). 8C. England, Scotland, and Ireland during the latter part
d, The possessions of the house of Savoy, (yellow.) of the Seventeenth and the Eighteenth Century.
e, The dominion of the Pope in Italy and France.

/, The republic of Poland before the union with Lithuania.


XXXVI. 87. Central and Northern Europe in 1795 showing especially ;

a, The extent of Prussia. Russia, and Austria after the ab-


79. North-Eastern Italy showing the battle-fields of the Franco-
sorption of Poland.
;

Italian war. The possessions of the house of Wittelsbach (Bavaria,


6,
XXXIII. 80. Europe in 1648. — Peace of Westphalia; showing especially Juliers, Berg, and the Palatinate), (orange.)
The possessions of the two branches of the house of Habs- c, The extent of Denmark (green) and Sweden (red lines).
a,
d, The Eastern boundary of France in 17'JO, (red.)
burg at the end of the Thirty Years' War, (purple.)
b, The possessions of the house of Hohenzollern, (union of 88. The First Partition of Poland in 1772.
Prussia with Brandenburg, (blue.)
c, The Swedish Empire on both shores of the Baltic and in 89. The Second Partition cf Poland in 1793.
Northern Germany, (red lines.) 90. The Third Partition of Poland in 1795.
d, The Danish monarchy, Denmark. Norway, and Schonen.
e, The British isles, with the battle-fields of the civil wars. XXXVII. 91. The Age of Napoleon the Great; showing especially
/, France, with the battle-fields of the civil wars, (red.) a, The Empire of Napoleon in its greatest ezlenl red), with the
g, Germany, with the battle-fields of the Thirty Years' War. vassal States ruled by his relations, (red with black lines.)
h, The republic of Poland in its greatest extent, (purple lines.) b, The Confederacy of the Rhine, with Bavaria in its greatest
i, The Western boundary of Russia in the middle of the seven- extent.
teenth century, (green lines.) c, The Kingdom of Saxony, with the grand-duchy of Warsaw.
d, The Austrian, Russian, and Prussian monarchies, etc
81. The South-Eastern part of Lombardy during the Seven-
teenth Century. 92. The Northern Italy, 1794-1800.
Battle-fields of
XXXIV. 82. Europe in 1713. —
Peace of Utrecht; showing especially 93. Bonaparte's Expedition against Egypt and Syria.
a, The extent of the Habsburg possessions after the extinction XXXVIII. 94. Europe in 1816 showing the division of Europe as settled by
;

of the Spanish branch, (purple.) the Congress of Vienna, illustrating also the Greek, Polish,
b, The Bourbons of France and Spain, (red.) French, and Belgian revolutions, and the battle-fields of
c, The extent of the Guelphic dominions (England and Bruns- the Franco-Au>trian war of 18o9.
wick-Luneburg), (blue lines.)
d, The dominions of the house of Savoy (Savoy, Piedmont, and 95. The Theatre of the Crimean 'War in 1854-55.
Sicily), (yellow.) 96. The Theatre of the Danish War in 1864.
83. The Battle-fields of the Netherlands during the Seven- XXXIX. 97. Europe in 1866. —
Peace of Prague; showing theD*
teenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth Centuries. fieldsand results of the Austro-Prussian war of L866 and
81. The Boundaries of Russia, Poland, and Turkey in 1713. the North German Confederacy.

XXXV. 85. Europe in 1748. — Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle ; showing 98. The German Confederacy from 1815 till 1866.
especially XL. 99. Europe in 1871. — Peace of Versailles, showing the resus-
a, The house of Bourbon in the zenith of its power (red), with citated German Empire, United Italy, etc.
its division into the French, Spanish, and Italian branches,

(red with black lines.) 100. The Theatre of the late Franco-Prussian War.
ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX
OF THE

PRINCIPAL NATIONS AND STATES.

MAP MAP
A.
MAP Anglo-Saxons. About 500 a. p 40, 50 Roman Ascendency 40
Acarnania. The Western district of Hellas 15 About 507 A. v 51 Arabic Ascendency 52
Acheeans, The League of the)
I 37 About 700 A. l) 52 Asia during the Chaldaean Ascendency 1
Achaia. The Northern district of Peloponnesus IS Abou: 800 a. I). (Under Egbert).... 54 During the Egyptian Ascendency 3
The Roman province of Achaia since 14b' B. c... 40 The British Islands during the Saxon period.... 55 During the Assyrian Ascendency 5
The principality of Achaia since 1204 a. i> 62 Antiochia, (Christian Principality of, in 1142).. 59 During the period of the Four Great Powers '.'

jEtolia. A district of Hellas, or Central Greece.. 15 Aquitania, before Caesar's Conquest 46 During the Persian Ascendency 11
JEtolians, (The League of the) 37 A Koman Province since 56 B. c 43, 4(i Greek Colonies on the Western Coast of. 13
Africa. North-Eastern Africa and the Nile valley. 1 A part <»fthe Merovingian Emp. since 507 a. ii. 51 During the Hellenic Ascendency 20
During the Egyptian Ascendency 3 One of the duchies of France about 1000 a. n.... 57 During the 2d and 1st century B. c 37
Daring the Assyrian Ascendency 5 The Empire of the Plantagenets in 1160 A. D.... 58 During the times of Mithradates 38
N.E. Africa and the Seven Arms of the Nile 7 A part of the French kingdom about 1400 A. D.. 67 During the first century a. d 40
During the times of the Four Great Powers 9 Arabia Petraea, with Mount Sinai 7 During the 2d, 3d, and 4th centuries a. i> 43
Daring the Persian Ascendency 11 Arabic Empire. Arabic Ascendency 700 A. d... 52 Since the division of the Koman Empire in 395 48
Daring the Hellenic Ascendency 20 The division of the Arabic Empire since 750 A. i>. 54 About 500 a. D. (the Byzantine Empire) 49
North-western Africa during the l'uuic wars. .28-31 The Eastern and Western Caliphates 58 During the Arabic Ascendency 52
At the close of the Panic wars 35 The Arabic Empire since 1258 A. n 69 About 800 a.d. (the times of Haroun-al-Rashid) 54
A century after the Tunic wars 86 Aragon, [originally the Wettern part of the kingdom During the Age of the Crusades 68
During the first century A. I) 40 of Pampeluna "> Navarre.) During (he first part of the thirteenth century 62
During the 2d, 3d, and 4th centuries a. r> 43 An independent kingdom since 1035 A.D 6K About 1500 A. n. (the Ottoman Empire) 68
Since the division of the Empire in39oA.s 48 The Aragonese dominion about. 1400 a. i> 07 The Ottoman Empire in its greatest extent O'.i

About 500 •..!'. (The Vandal Empire) 4'.i


Aragon united with Castile since 1517 a. d 7s The Mongol Empires of Gengliis-Klian and Timur 70
About 7011 \ ii. (The Arabic Vscendcncv 52 )
Arcadia. A District of the Peloponnesus 1 5 Assyria during he Egyptian Ascendency
i
8
About BOO a. d ",) Argolis. A District of the Peloponnesus ,. 1".
During the Assyrian Ascendency 5
About 950 a. d. The Morabites)
i
57 Armenia. During the Egyptian Ascendency 3 During the period of the Four Great Powers 9
During the 12th century, (Age of the Crusades) 68 During the Assyrian Ascendency 5 During tin" Persian Ascendency 11
North-Western Africa about 1400 v d 67 During the period of the Four Great Powers... Athens nod the Bay of Salamis, (plan of) 18
North-Easiern Africa about IIHI a. ii 1 68 During the Persian Ascendency 11 (The duchy of.) in the thirteenth century 62a
North-Eastern Africa about L682a.d 69 During theRoman Ascendency 43 Attica. The South Eastern District of Hellas. ... 15

Portuguese discoveries in the 15th and 16th cent. 71 During the fourth and fifth centuries A. n 48 Austrasia, since 567 a.d 51
North-Western Africa about 1541 1. 1> 7^ Inn in_' the Arabic Ascendency 52 Since 813 a. d 54
North-Western Africa during the 18th century 82, 85 The kingdom of Armenia in 1 100 A. D 58, 5'.i Austria. A march against the incursions of LI

N.W. Africa in Lhi 191 century -

94, '.'7, 99 The kingdom of Armenia about 1204 A. D 62 Magyars, sinoe 988 a. d. (Under the Baben-
Alexandria, Plan of |
|
is Ascendency. Chaldssan Ascendency 1
bergers until 1246 a.d.) 57
America, Discovery of)
|
71 EgJ ptian Ascendency 3 A German duchy since 1166 A. D GO
The Atlantic coael of N. America in 17th century 72 Assyrian Ascendency 5 United with Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola 68
ti d States in 177:: 78 Persian Ascendency 11 Under the Habsburgers since 1J82 1.7

Tin: Dull ol the St, Lawrence 7 1 Hellenic Ascendency 2u During the sixteenth century 78
ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.
M \P MAP HAP
Since 1526 united with Bohemia and Hungaria. 78 The kingdom of Belgium since 1830 97 The kingdom, duchy, and county of Burgundy
During the Thirty Years' War Nt Baeotia. A district of Hellas, or Central Greece 16 during the thirteenth century 63
Daring the first part of the 18th century 82 Bohemia. A German duchy since 962 57 The duchy and county of Burgundy during ihe
Since 1742 (Peace of Berlin) 85 A kingdom since 1086
vassal 58 fourteenth and fifteenth centuries '

I,

7
Austria's gain from the partitions of Poland. ..88-90 An hereditary kingdom since 1212 63 The Burgundian dominion of Charles the Bold.. 65
Austria during the reigu of Napoleon 91 The keystone of the possessions of the house of The French provinces of Burgundy and Kranche
The Austrian Empire since 1816 94 Luxemburg iince 1310 67 Comte\ (county of Burgundy 1 75
Austria's position in the German Confederacy.. 98 A part of the Ilabsburg possessions since 1526. 78 The Burgundian circle of Germany 7'i
Austria since the peace of Prague, in 1860 97 During the Thirty Years' War 80 The duchy ami county of Burgundy about 1550 78
Austria in 1871 99 During the eighteenth century 82, 85 The county of Burgundy tranche Comie) 1648..
( 80
Avars, (Empire of the) 62 During the nineteenth century 91, 94, 97, 99 The absorption of Franclie Comte by France.... 82
Bosporus and Constantinople 44 Byzantine Empire, or Greek Empire, in 395... 48
B. Bourbons. Possessions about 1550 78 About 500 a. d 49
Babel 1 On the French throne since 1589 80 About 700 a.d. During the Arabic Ascendency *'!

Babylon 3, 6, 9, 10 On the French and Spanish thrones since 1713.. 82 About 800 a. d 64
Babylonia. One of the four great powers 9 On the French, Spanish, and Sicilian (Naples About 950 a. u 67
A Persian province 11 and Sicily) thrones since 1748 85 About 1150 a. d. During the Crusades 68
A province of the Empire of the Seleucidas 20 Kings of the Island of Sicily since 1799 91 About 1204 a. d. The Latin Empire 62<j
Barbarians. After the division of the Empire... 48 Restored to their thrones since 1815 94 About 1400 a.d 68
About 500 a. d 49 The Bourbons in 1866 (on the Spanish throne). 97 Since 1453 a. d. Conquered by the Turks 19
About 700 a. d 52 Brandenburg. A Margraviate since 930 a.d... 57
About 800 a. d 54 A Margraviate under the Ascanier, since 1130.. 60 c.
About 962 a.d 57 An Electorate under the Ascanier, since 1260... 63 Caledonia, or Scotland 55
Bavaria. The duchy of Bavaria about 970 a. d. 57 The Electorate of Brandenburg since 1373 A. D., Caliphate. Before the division of 750 a. d 62
About 1170 a. d., (under the Guelphs) 6 {Under the house of Luxemburg) 67 Since the division 64
About 1270 a.d., (under the Wittelsbachs) 63 The Electorate of Brandenburg since 1417 A. i>. Caliphate of Cordova about 800 a. d 64
During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. .67, 78 (the rlohenzollerns), (united with Ans/nich) 78 Caliphate of Cordova about 950 a.d 67
The Bavarian circle 76 Brandenburg since 1648. ( The Electors are also, Caliphate of Cordova about 1150 a. d 68
The Electorate of Bavaria 80, 82, 85 since 1619, dukes in Prussia) 80 The Caliphate of Cordova about 1400 a. d 67
The Electorate of Bavaria united with the Rhen- Brandenburg since 1713. (The Electors are also, Canaan. See Holy Land.
ish Palatinate, Juliers, and Berg 87 since 1701, kings in Prussia) 82 Carthage, (Plan of) 33
The kingdom of Bavaria since 1809 91 Brandenburg since 1748. (The results of the vic- On the eve of and during the first Punic war... 28
The kingdom of Bavaria since 1816 94,98 tories of Frederick the Great) 85 At the end of the first Punic war J I

The kingdom of Bavaria since 1866 97 Brandenburg after the partition of Poland.. 87 On the eve of and during the second Punic war 30
Bavaria as part of the German Empire 99 Brandenburg since the peace of Tilsit in 1807... 91 At the end of the second Punic war 31
Belgium, (Flanders and Brabant,) since 962 57 Brandenburg since 1816 94 The Carthaginian territory after the Punic wars '
5
Brabant and Flanders during the 12th century.. 60 British Empire. See England. Castile. A principality since a. n
'.':!:: 67
Brabant and Flanders during the loth century.. 63 Brunswick. See Guelph. United with Toledo since 1085 A.D 68
Flanders (since 1383) and Brabant (since 1406) Bulgarian Empire about 700 a. d 52 The kingdom of Castile about 1400 67
part of the Burgundian dominion 65 About 950 A. D (a Byzantine province)
, 57 The union of Castile and Aragon since 1517 A.D. 7^
A part of the Burgundian circle since 1512 76 During the twelfth century, (independent) 58 Cleve. Inheritance in 1609 77
Part of the Netherlands under Charles V 78 Burgundy. The Burgundian Emp. in 500 a. i). 49, 50 Constantinople and the Bosporus 4 1

The Spanish Netherlands since 1576 a. d ,, 80 Burgundy a part of the Merovingian Empire... 51 Corinth and the Isthmus 19
Belgium, or the Austrian Netherlands 82, 85 The Burgundian, or Arelatiau kingdom, 950 67 Corinthia. A district of the Peloponnesus 15
The battle-fields of Belgium 83 Burgundy a part of the German empire 58 Corsica. A Carthaginian possession 28
Part of the kingdom of the Netherlands sincel816 94 The Burgundian Palatinate about 1230 a.d 60 A Roman possession since 259 e. c 29
ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.
MAP MAP MAP
A part of the Roman province of Sardinia. .35, 36, 43 Tart of the patrimony of Emp. Frederick II 03 The Merovingian Empires about 700 A. n 52
A Vandal province since 470 a. d 49 In the times of Charles the bold 65 The Empire of Charlemagne and its division.... 54
A Prankish province since 754 a. i> 54 A district of Germany about 1550 78 Francia, or the Duchy of France, about 950 57
An Arabian possession since 850 a. n 57 A province of France since 1648 75, 80, 82 The Kingdom of France during the 12th century 58
A possession of the German Empire since 1002 Reconquered by Germany in 1871 90, 100 The North-Eastern and Southern parts of France
(m reality a possession of the town of Pita) 58 England, with Scotland and Ireland. during the Crusade against the Albigenses... 61
A possession of the Genoese since 1300 a. d. Britannia under the Romans 43, 48 France during the Anglo-French struggles 64
Thi Corsicans did not acknowledge the Geno- About 500 a. D 49, 50, 51 France and Burgundy in the limes of Louis XI. 65
ese sovereignty before 1387) 07, etc. About 700 A. d 52 France during the 15th century 07
A possession of the French since 1708 91, etc. About 800 a. d 54 The successive reunion of the Provinces 75
During the Saxon and Norman periods 55 France and the Bourbon possessions about
D. The possessions of the Plantagenets in 1100 58 1550a. n 78
Damascus, (Plan of the city of) 53 The scene of the Anglo-Scotch struggle 56 France at the accession of Louis XIV 80
Denmark. House of Swen Estritson since 1042.. 58 During the Anglo-French struggles and the war France at the end of the reign of Louis XIV 82
Under Margaretha, the last of the House of of the Roses 64, 67 France in the middle of the 18th century 85
Swen Estritson, [union of Calmar between Den- During the sixteenth century 78 The E. boundary of the French republic in 1705 87
mark, Norway, and Sweden, 1397—1520) 87 During t he seventeenth
century 80 The Empire of Napoleon 1. with its vassal States 91
Denmark united with Norway (since 1387) 80 During the eighteenth century 86 France after the Congress of Vienna 04
Denmark during the eighteenth century. ..82, 85,
ST During the nineteenth century 91, 'J4. 07, 99 The Empire of Napoleon 111 07
Denmark 'luring the reign of Napoleon 91 Epirus. (The Western division of N. Greece)... 13 The French republic in ST 1 1 99
Denmark Bince 1816 '.14 Eubcea, (Negrnpont.) A large island along the The Franco-Prussian campaign of 1870-71 100
Denmark during the war of 1804 90 Eastern coast of Hellas, or Central Greece 15
Denmark since 1S04 97 Europe. The undivided Roman Empire 40. 43 G.
Doris. A small district of Hellas 15 The Eastern and Western Empire 48 Galatia, (State of) 37
Dutch Republic. See Netherlands. About 500 a. p. The Barbarian Empires 40
Germany. Under the Romans 43
About 700 A. D. The Arabic invasions 5*2 Annul 500 A. 11 49
E. The restoration of the Western Empire 5) In ihe time of Clovis 50
Edessa, (Christian county of,) in 1142 v. n 59 About 050 a. I). The Holy Roman Empire 57 Alter the division in 507 A. D 51
Egypt. The old Km]. in; of Egypt 1 Ab.mt 1150 a. 11. The Crusades 58 About 700 a. n 52
The new Emp. during the Egyptian Ascendency 3 The formation of distinct nationalities 07 The Empire of Charlemagne and its division... 54
The new Emp. during the Assyrian Ascendency 5 The Babsburg preponderance 78 The Empire of Otto the Great in 962 a. i> 57
The Delia, with the seven arms of [he Nile 7 In 1648 a. u. Peace of Westphalia 80 The German Empire during the 12th century... 58
Egypt one of the Pour Great Powers 9 In 1713 a. d. Peace of Utrecht 82 In 1170 (the Hohenstaufen and the Guelphs).., 60
The Persian satrapy of Egypt since 525 n. c 11 In 1748 a. 11. Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle 85 During the reign of Emperor Frederick II 6 I

The :•. M
< ; 1
Kg\|.nan Empire of the Ptolemies.. 20 In I8011 a. 11. Peace of Scbonbrunn 91 The Franco-German boundary about ISO 1
64, 65
The Unman province of Egypt since 80 b. 48 In 1810a. 11. Congress of Vienna 1
The German Empire with the seven Electorates 67
\ diocese of the Greek 48 In 1866 Peace ol Prague 07
Empire since 895 a. i>... *. d!
Germany divided into ten circles 70
The Arabic province of Deshar Mesr 010 a. i>... "_' In 1871 a. n. Peace of Versailles 00 The four Rhenish Electorates with (Teve. 77
The SyTO-Egyptian Empire of the Ayoubitee 58 Germany in the times of Charles V 7*
The Empire of the Mamelukes since 1251 a. i>.. 68 F. During the Thirty Years' War 80
A Turkish vassal-kingdom since 1517 a. n 69 France, or Gaul. Before the Roman Conquest.. 45 During the first half "I he sth century
I 1 82
Bonaparte 1 Egyptian expedition in 1799 a. d... 98 During the Roman dominion 43, 46 During the seoond half of the 18th century 85
Electorates. The seven Electorates 67 Since the divis Empire in 305 \. d
f the 48 During the French revolution s7
The four Rhenish Electorates 77 The Merovingian Empires about 500 a. d 49 The Confederacy of the Rhine 01
Elis. A - i.<-i oi the
i 1 1

Peloponnesus 15 The Empire of the Frank under Clovis 50 Since the Congress of Vienna 01
Elzass. Alsace.) A district oi German] 60 The division of the Prankish Empire in 567 a. d. 61 The German Confederacy, 1815-1866 98
ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX. xui

MAP MAP MAP


During and after the Austro-Prussian war 97 During the Assyrian Ascendency 5,7 During the second half of the 18tL century 85
The German Empire in 1871 99 The Empire of David and Solomon During the times of Napoleon 91
Granada, (Mohammedan kingdom of.) about 1400 07 The kingdoms of Israel and Judah Proud Italians hailed Napoleon as an Imperator
Greece, (Hellas.) During the settlement of the During the Persian Ascendency 11 whom Gallic legions hud ratted upon ti<

Hellenes around and beyond the Archipelago 13 During the Hellenic Ascendency 20 The battle-fields of Northern Italy, 1794-1SOO...
Hellas and Peloponnesus 15 During the Roman Ascendency 40 Since the Congress of Vienna '1
20 A part of the Greek Empire since 395 a. u 49 The kingdom of Italy in 1866 ''
Greece as part of the Empire of Alexander
Greece during the 2d and 1st century b. c 87 During the Arabic Ascendency 52 The kingdom of Italy in 1871 99
The Roman province of Achaia since 146 B. c... 43 During the age of the Crusades 58
Macedonia a diocese of the Greek Empire 48 The Christian States in the East about 1142 a.i>. 59 J.
A Venetian province since 1250 A. u 67 Remains of the kingdom of Jerusalem in 1204.. 626 Jerusalem, (Plan of) 8
A province of the Byzantine Empire since 1440 68 Part of the Empire of the Mamelukes 68 (Kingdom of in )
1142 a. i>
The Turkish provinces of Livadia and Morea... 69 Part of the Ottoman Empire since 1517 a. d 69 (Kingdom of) in 1204 a. d 624
The kingdom of Greece since 1829 a. n 94 Hungary, (or Hungaria.) Since the 10th century 57 Judah, (tribe and kingdom of ) 7

Guelphs. About 1170. Guelphs and Ghibellines 60 During the 12th century (the house of Arpad).. 58
About 1270. After the Lion's fall 63 Since 1382 (the house of Luxemburg) 67 L.
In 1714. On the English throne 82, 85 Partly under the Turks, partly under the Habs- Laconica. A district of the Peloponnesus 15
In 1810. During the reign of Napoleon 91 burgers Latium, during the royal period -'
In 1816. After the recovery of Hanover 94 The kingdom of Hungary in 1648 80 Leon, (Kingdom of.) About 800 a. d 54
In 1866. After the absorption of Hanover 97, 99 About 950 a. d 57
About 1150 a. d 58
'
H. Israel, (Kingdom of) United with the kingdom of Castile' since 1037.. I

66 Locris, two districts of the Peloponnesus 15


Habsburgs. The possessions in Switzerland Italy. During the regal period 22. 23,
About 1400. (Archdukes of Austria, etc.) H7 In the 8th century B. c Longobardian Empire. About 700 a. r> 52
=
,

About 1550. (In the zenith of their glory) 78 In the 7th and 6th centuries b. c ......9, Lorraine, (Lotharii regnum Lotharingia. )

During and after the Thirty Years' War SO The Greek colonies in Southern Italy One of the three divisions of the (former) Em-
After the extinction of the elder branch 82 In the 4th century B. c pire of Charlemagne since 843
54
Hellas. See Greece. During the Samnite wars 25, 20, A duchy of the Roman Empire since 962 57
Hohenzollern. (A territory north of the Lake of During the Punic wars 28, 29, 30, Lower Lorraine (called Brabant) and Upper
Constants, and near the sources of the Neckar At the close of the Punic wars Lorraine (called Lorraine) since 1190 60
and Danube.) The original seat of the race. .97, 98 A century after the Punic wars Lorraine (i. e., Upper Lorraine) about 1470 ' i

Margraves of Culmbach (Anspach-Baireuth and ) During the 1st century A. i> Lorraine under the house of Anjou
The German duchy of Lorraine about 1550 7~
Burgravea of Nuremberg since 1170 a. d 78 During the Empire, (divided into districts)
7S Since the division of the Empire in 395 a. d The German duchy of Lorraine about 1648 80
Margraves of Brandenburg since 1417 A. l)

Dukes in Prussia since 1525 a. r> 78 About 500 a. d. (The Ostro-Gothic Empire).... Lorraine a French province since 1738 75
About 700 A. D. (The Longobardian Empire).. The Eastern part of Lorraine in 1871 99, 100
Margraves of Brandenburg and dukes in Prus-
sia since 1619 80 About 800 a. d. (The times of Charlemagne)... Luxemburg. (Situated exactly to the North of Lor-
Margraves of Brandenburg and kings in Prus- About 962 A. D. (The times of Otto the Great.. raine, between the Meutt and Moselle.)
sia since 1701 82, 85, 87 About 1130 a. D. (The age of the Crusades)... The home of the Luxemburg Emperors (marked
About 1230 a. r>. (The times of Frederick II.) blue North of Lorraine) 67
Kings of Prussia since 1807 91, 94
Presidents of the North-German Confederacy... 97 During the Angevin (French) influence A part of the Burguudian dominion since 1483
a. D., and hence a portion of the Spanish and
Emperors of Germany since 1871 99 During the 16th century
Holland. See Netherlands. The battle-fields of the Franco-Italian wars (since 1713) Austrian Netherlands 65
Holy Land, or Canaan. During the 17th century. (Spanish influence). A grand-duchy, governed by the king of Hol-
land since 1846. 94
During the Chaldajan Ascendency 1 Lombardy during the 17th century
During the Egyptian Ascendency 3 During the first half of the 18th century Lydia. one of the Four Great Powers about 600.. 9
XIV ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.
HAP MAP
M. The Netherlands
battle-fields of the 83 Morea, a province of the Venetian republic
Macedonia. A country
of Northern Greece, oc- A part of the Kmpire of Napoleon 91 since 1250 a. d 67
cupying t lie const, etc., around the NAY. A kingdom since 1816. (Holland and Belgium). 94 The principal part of the Byzantine Empire
corner of the JEgean Sea 13 Neustria. The North-western part of the Prank- since 1410 a. d 68
The kingdom of Macedonia about 323 B. c _n ish Kmpire since 567 a. n 51 A province of the Ottoman Empire since 1460... 69
The kingdom of Macedonia since 300 b. c 37 The Western part of the Kmpire of Charlemagne 54 Part of the kingdom of Greece since 1829 a. d.. 94
The Honian province of Macedonia since 148 B.C. 43 The country, since 912. called Normandy 55 Pergamus, (Kingdom of) 37
Macedonia a diocese of tin- Bastern Kmpire Is Nile. From source to mouth 1 Persia, or Persis. An Assyrian province 700 5
Media, one of the Four Great Powers about 600 9 The Delta, with the seven mouths of the Nile... 4 A Median province about 600 B. c 9
Merovingian Empire about 500 A. D 49 Nineveh, (I'lan of the Ruins of )
5 The Persian Ascendency about 500 B. c 11
About 700 a. 1. 62 Norway. During the 1 2th century 58 A province of the Empire of the Seleucidoe. 300 20
Messene, a district of lie 15 United with Denmark since lo s 7 80 The Parthian or Persian Empire since 255 B. c. 40
t
Peloponnesus
Milan, (or tin- Milanese.) The Duchy of. Norway and Denmark in the 18th century 87 During the 3d, 4th. and 5th centuries a. i> 48, 49
About 14(i0 a. f. (Under the Visconti) 67 United with Sweden since 1815 '.'7 Fars, or Persia, since 636 a. b 52
About 1550. (Under the Spanish Habsburgs)... 78 A semi-dependent part of the Empire of the
During and after the Thirty Fears' War 80 o. Caliphs (since 901 under the Soffarides) 54
During the 18th century S2. 85 A province of the Mongol Empire since 1370 70
Ostrogothic Empire under Theodoric 49
Phocis, a district of the Peloponnesus 15
N. Poland. The Christian duchy of Poland since
P. 963 under the Piasts) 57
Naples. (Sicily, or the Two Sioil
A province of the Ostro-Gothic Kmpire (500)... 49 Palestina. See Hor.Y Land. The kingdom of Poland during the 12th century 58
A province of the Longobardian Empire (700).. 52 Palatinate, (Rhenish.) In the 17th century. ..77. 80 During the 14th and 15th centuries (under the
A province of the Byzantine Empire (800) In the 18th century, (with Juliers and 67
54, 57 Berg)„82, 85 Jagellos)
ingdom "t Sicily
during the 1-th century. 68 ("nited with Bavaria 87 The Polish republic under the presidency of an
elected king (since 1573) 78
The kingdom of Sicily aboul 1230 6'! Palatinate, Dpper. That part of Bavaria winch
i
)

The kingdom of Naples aboul 100 1 67 isDorth of the Danube 82 The republics of Poland and Lithuania 1569 "i 1

(Since 1386 Poland and Lithuania had been gov-


'
The kingdom of .ul 1560 78 Pampeluna. A Christian kingdom in Northern
The kingdom of Naples since 1718 82 Spain since the beginning of the 10th century ernedby //" eanu aovtrt ion, but as distinct count
f, _: .
ii i,i the Two Sicilies since 1748 85 109 a. n i' was called Navarre) 57 In the middle of the 18th century 85
i . i

[Sim 1

The kingdom of Naples in 1810 Mur.it ( |


91 Papal States, (755-1870.) Patrimonium Petri The three partitions of Poland..." 88, 89, u !

The kingdom of the 80 'I


-
.. 94 ill the middle of the 10th
century 57 The grand-duchy of Warsaw 91
Navarre, a Christian kingdom of Spain since 842 During the 14th and 15th centurit a 67 The kingdom ot Poland (under Russia I '.'7

a. D., [originally called


Pampeluna) 57 The I'apal States during tin* 16th century 78 The Russian government of Poland (since 1863) '.'9
Navarre during the 12th century 68 The Papal State, during tin' 17th century 80 Pontus, (Kingdom of) 37, 68
The kingdom of Navarre aboul 100 a. d 1 67 The Papal States during 'le 1Mb century -
Prussia. The home of the heathen Servians,
1512 a. t>. mi ted with Castile (the i/rcutrr The I'apal Stale- Bince I81H :>l Wends, Letts, and Goths before 1280 a. D...57, 58
<.r Southern
part

the mailer or Northern part The Patrimoni Petri I860- l^T'i, ,
97 The country of the Teutonic Order since 1230 l.D, 67
came t>, Prance) 78 Parthia. See Pibsi v. A vassal of Poland ruled by the younger
duchy
re the patrimony of Henry IV 75 Peloponnesus, (Morea.) The Dorian and branch of the
Hohenzollern since 1526 \. d... 78
Netherlands. lloll.i r
I rman i,
settlements in the Peloponnesns
i
in 13 A vassal duchy nf Poland ruled by the Elector
duchy ol Lower I t i> 57 The seven divisions of the Peloponnesus 15 of Brandenburg since 1618 a. n. elder
(The
A part of the Burgundian dominion . 65 Dunns the times of the Ichsaan Confederacy... .17 branch of the Hohenzollernt, and, as such, leijal
A part of the Burgundian circle ol Germany. ... 76 The Roman province of Ichaia -it 16 n. c... 43 linrs t" the 80
I
younger line)
The Netherlands during the 16th century 7* 'I'ln- Bastern diocese of Macedonia Bince 896 a. i> 48 A sovereign kingdom, ruled by the Elector of
;• Dutch republic since 8u The pi sal state of the
157'.'
Brandenburg -nice 1701 a d 82, B5
l i

ipalitl
The Dutch republic during the 18th century ... E Latin Empire) since [204 a. d 62a Prussia after the partition of Polaud 87
ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.
MAP M*P HAP
The Prussian monarchy since 1807 91 The kingdom of Sardinia since 1104 a. d 63 Colonized by the Greeks in the East 9. 1 :

The Prussian monarchy since 1816 94 A part of the Aragonese monarchy since 1324 07 During the first Punic war 2*
The Prussian monarchy since 1866 '.'7 A part of the Empire of Charles V. since 1516 78 A Roman province since 240 B. c 30, etc.
The Prussian monarchy since 1871 99 A part of the Empire of the Habsburgs since After the destruction of the Roman Empire 49
Pyramids, (The Fit-Id of the) 2 1713 82 First Arabic conquest since 664 a. d 52
A part of the Sardinian kingdom since 1748.... 85 A Byzantine province until 880 a. d 54
The kingdom of Sardinia since 1798 a. d 91 A province of the Western Caliphate since 965 54
R. A part of the Sardinian kingdom since 1810.... 94 United with Apulia forming the Norman king-
Rome. The vicinity of Rome. (Ager Romanus). 21 A put of the kingdom of Italy since 1860 97, 99 domof Sicily since 1 130 a. i> 68
Beginnings of Rome about 750 b. c 5 Savoy. The duchy of Savoy about 1400 a. d 67 The kingdom of the Hohenstaufen since 1191... >.

Beginnings of Rome about 550 B. c 1 1 The duchy of Savoy with Piedmont about 1550 78 A province of Aragonese monarchy since 1282 57,
The consolidated dominion of Rome during the The duchy of Savoy with Piedmont about 1648 80 A possession of the Sp. Babsburgs since L516 78
Hellenic Ascendency about 300 b. c 20 Savoy with Piedmont and Sicily since 1713 82 A possession of the house of Savoy since 1713... 82
Home during the First Punic war 28 Savoy with Piedmont and Sardinia since 1748.. 85 United with Naples forming the Bourbon king-
Rome at the end of the First Punic war 29 The kingdom of Sardinia since 1798 91 dom of the Two Sicilies since 1816
Rome during the Second Punic war 30 The kingdom of Sardinia since 1816 94 The Bourbon kingdom of Sicily since 1798 91
Rome at lie end of the Second Punic war
t 31 The kingdom of Italy in 1866 97 United with Naples forming the Bourbon king-
The Roman dominion at the close of the Punic The kingdom of Italy in 1871 99 dom of the Two Sicilies 91
wars 35 Saxony. Settlements of the Saxons about 500 49 A province of the kingdom of Italy since 1 86(1... 9 7. 99
The Roman dominion a century after the close Tin* Saxons during the reign of Clovis 50 Spanish Peninsula. During the Punic wars...28-30
of the Punic wars 36 Settlements of the Saxons about 700 a. d 52 After the Punic wars 31, 3.j, 36
The Eastern part of the Roman dominion during The duchy of Saxony in 960. The Billungs 57 During the 1st century a. d I I

the two centuries preceding the birth of Christ 37 The duchy of Saxony in 1170. The Guelphs... 60 During the 2d, 3d, and 4th centuries a. d 43
The Roman Ascendency 40 The Electorate of Saxony in 1422. The Wettius 67 Since the division of the Empire in 395 a. d 4s
The Roman Empire until 395 a. d 43 The Upper and Lower Saxon circles 76 The Visi-Gothic Empire about 500 a. d 49
Division and subdivision of the Roman Empire. 48 Saxony since 1547. The Wettins (younger branch) 80 The Arabic conquest since 713 a. d -

Rome, (Plan of) 41 4.' Saxony since 1697. (The Electors also kings of The Caliphate of Cordova about 800 a. d G I

Russia under Valadimer the Great, about 980 a.d. 57 Poland) ."82, 85 The rise of the Christian kingdoms (950) 57
The grand-duchy of Valadimer under the de- The Electorate of Saxony since 1763 87 During the Age of the Crusades 58
scendants of his twelve sons 58 The kingdom of Saxony since 1807. (The king About 1400 a.d., (before the union of Aragon
The conquest of Russia by the Golden Horde... 70 91 and Castile) 67
of Saxony also duke of Warsaw)
Russia during the 17th century Sir The kingdom of Saxony since 1816 94 The discoveries of the Spaniards and Portu-
71
Russia towards the end of the 18th century 87 Saxony since 1866 97 guese in the 15th and 16th centuries
The acquisitions of Russia by the partitions of Saxony in 1S71 (part of the German Empire). 99 During the reign of Emperor Charles V 7~
'
Poland 88, 89, 90 Scotia, or Ireland 55 During the 17th century
'

Rus-ia during the times of Napoleon 91 Seleucidse, (Empire of) 20 During the reign of Philip V., (the first of the
Russia since 1816 85
94, 97, 99 Servia. Since 638 a. d. A principality semi-de- Spanish Bourbons)
91
pendent on the Byzantine Empire 54 During the times of Napoleon
s. Spain after the Congress of Vienna
'-'I
Since 1018 a. d. A Byzantine province 57
97
Sardinia, a Carthaginian possession 20, 28 Since 1195 a.d. An independent kingdom. ..58, 62a Spain and Portugal in 1866
A Roman province (with Corsica) since 237 B.C. 3(1 Since 1389 a. d. A principality semi-dependent Spain and Portugal in I81 1
'•' ''

A Vandal 16
province since 468 a. 11 4'.l on the Ottoman Empire 67, 68 Sparta and its neighborhood, (Plan of)
A Byzantine possession about 800 A. ti Susa, (Plan of the Ruins of) 12
."il Since 1459 a. n. An Ottoman province 69
An Arabian possession since 853 a. d 57 Since 1817 a.d. An hereditary principality semi- Sweden. During the 12th century 58
A possession of the German Empire since 1022 dependent on the Ottoman Empire 97, 99 Since the peace of Westphalia in 1648, Sweden
(In reality, a possession of the town of 1'isa).... 80
58 Sicily. Colouizedby the Phoenicians in the West 5 in the zenith of its glorv)
XVI ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.
MAP MAP MAP
Since the pence of Nystadt in 1721, (the loss of Turkey, (Ottoman Empire.) The Turkish Em- w.
the Baltic provinces) 87 pire of Iconium in the 13th century 62
68
Wettin, (The House of.)
Since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, (united The Ottoman Empire in the 15th century Elder or Ernestine branch.
with Norway.) (Finland had been conquered The 0. Empire in its greatest extent in 1682 69 Electors of Saxony since 1422 67
by Russia in 1809) 97 The N.W. boundary of the Empire about 1550... 78 Dukes of Saxony since 1547.
Switzerland. Central Switzerland the scene of The N.W. boundary of the Empire about 1748.. 85
Younger or Albertine branch.
the Swiss struggle against Habsburg GO The N.W. boundary of the Empire about 1795.... 91
Electors of Saxony since 1547 80
The Turkish Empire in Europe since 1829 94
Western Switzerland the scene of the Swiss Electors of Saxony and kings in Poland since
67 The Turkish Empire in Europe since 1866 97
struggle against Burgundy 1697 82, 85
The Turkish Empire in Europe since 1870 99
Switzerland during the 16th century (a part of Electors of Saxony since 1763 87
the German Empire) 78 Kings of Saxony and Dukes of Warsaw since 1807 91
Tin- independent republic of Switzerland (with u. Kings of Saxony since 1815 94
Wallis and Valtellinaj since 1648 80 Prussian vassal-kings since 1866 97, 99
United States, in 1783 73
The independent republic of Switzerland dur- Wittelsbach, (The House of ) 63
ing the 19th century 91-99 Dukes of Bavaria since 1180 63
V.
Syracuse, (l'lan of the city and harbors of J 34 Dukesof Bavaria and Count-Palatines since 1215 07
Valtellina. From 1512 till 1797 the South-eastern Dukes of Bavaria and Elector-Palatines since
part of Switzerland (the upper valley of the
1270 67
T. Adda) 80 The elderbranchEleetor-Palatines(1294-1799) 77, 82
Vandal Empire. About 500 a. d 49 The younger branch Dukes of Bavaria since
Tarentum, (Plan of the city and harbor of) 27
Venice. The Venetian dominion about 1400 a. i>. 67 1294 78,82
Thebes, l'lan of the ruins of Egyptian) 3
(
The Morea, although in reality Venetian, was The younger branch Electors of Bavaria (1623-
IPlan 01 the Greek town of) la (
82
18 generally considered a province of the Byzantine 1777) 80,
Thessaly, (The S.E. division of N. Greece) This is indicated by giving it the same Union of all the Wittelsbach territories in 179'.l
Empire.
Thrace, (To the north of the .Egean Sea) 13 color as Venice on Map 67, but green on Map 68.) (
Under Max Josef representing the elder branch) 87
A satrapy of the Persian Empire since 60S n. c. 11
The Venetian dominion about 1515 A. D 79 Kings of Bavaria since 1805 91
A Roman province since 47 a. i> 43 94
The Venetian dominion about 1550 a. d 78 Kings of Bavaria and the Palatinate since 1*16
Tripolis. (Christian kingdom of, in 1162) 59 The Venetian dom during the 17th century. ..80, 81 Kings of Bavaria and the Palatinate since 1866 97

Troy, I The Field of) H The Venetian dom. during the 18lh century ...82, 85 Prussian vassal-kings since 1871 99
I

I'H-Kt
progressive Nfap
CHALDAEAN ASCENDENCY
under t'hetlov l.m mev
A i i—

l\ x |>
I a ii a I i on
Chaltl fit'fttt timjnrc in //.*

rmtr.st c.x'ttllt is <'<*/<> rrti hiitt*


-

Second progressive Map


EGYPTIAN ASCKXDKNCY
under Rxitne* < v //
111

T 1 1 i i 1 1
pro tfre s s rvc Map
\SSYR1AN ASCENDENCY
it n<i </ Jxslutr fut it i pa I

u*> :<>" 3tH ,i„ _


1
""(''»
, .
ini^i-cssivc Mill)

GREAT POWERS
In tt i a ns
Da rictus
1 iichuvfttts and Afolian
VIII

BELLAS
.ma
PELOPOXNKSrS
X

ITALY
during the peg a]
d .
X
*.

5-^
\'II

ROME & CARTHAGE


/// f/tf> t>/ir? of
fhf first Jfunir rrnr-
Mil

he Wcatcrn />r,ri of i/«-

O.MAN DOMINION
iti Utr tlase t>l' f/fi

Pitr/ir It't/r.r
XIV
XV

Seventh progressiva Map


THE ROMAN ASCEBDEHCl
dm-iny die first CeiUmyAJ)

The h'i/niifn "Empire is colored


r la
\ I it
'

/ Tr lit fir nf< J'l/JI tcr II .leiiej t'enattum

Z June U Ar,lrj)ulu
3 Jgrttriunt It,' //flwt/juflj hortr
4 TkmpU at Sttitr* fl Theeolt.

S - Conrfnl UT.aff
6 TuUtuittt m I? liraeexulneit
', 'I'lir iir,! •'•'
JaUai It ii riniM
B 7%e Senate Bail 7/ JeUej Out"
.0
Temple tf.it Uinerru
Hi Faiutn hii.riitett Z2 Aeiir* f&ttai
it f',ir*-tiin f>-i.ri/tr,i

The white Spot n Trniflrt't' t'eltctfr ZS ra&mni ijttir


i.t
eal/irtjetl on -A' 'fkmitum
XVI

Tlu'Bosj>ui'us
and
Canstantinople

ITALY
durtity tin'

Empire
The // tUrtrid
ttrr wtirkrti
fcjfere ftg ggn '/" rt
XVII

Division & Subdivision of the


ROMAN EMPIRE
since 395 .1.1).
The tjreeft h'rii pi i-r •* iiihifr,!
The Latin Bmpiix i*tmtor**\ Ww
The H'^khii- ^'Iift'lr /Ae >if>ee*e*
XVIII
XIX

The division <>l" tlie

FKAXKISH EMPIRE
in5B7 A.D
XX

Eighth progressive nxap


AKAMC ASCENDENCY
under (*iltf>h Wirfai /.

V)
xplana tioai of colors
The Chri.situn world is colored ycUo
Tile Heathen world, ts colored, yrcm
The Ataham mtdau world is colored /'''
XXI
XXII
XXIII
XXIV
Sultanate
Iconium
of
EUROPE Ci °'
durliLg the Century
'Die Ao> of Ow drasaxLes
biuM
Thr poaae&iian* vl'tlie TluntuurnH* iii JlfiOar, Itm-d
The f'ffftn/in h'rnptre u coloret! f,Ln.n
The Christian states in the EuM ttrr aljontfhtue
'flu- h'vzuiitinr Kinpu-c tJ cdtweft ief/o\r
The Western CdtiphtUe ie colored
green
The KtisU-rn CutipUntr i.y Intni armmn
XXV
XXVI

//.. /„,,./,/.,,;, //„..M-r*v,„„.v


colored tfrwn
XXVIII
kni;i,\vi)

WESTERN EUROPE M'"


/"
" -
.1 A;«t,«»A


about 1400 A D
English dominion hlustuzes -J*/** ''
%
/ '''

>
. lu-.^iry
r...l,rlrr
Win

Oi.H.rr.vtvr !
.-.,..
I,
•,,
«'«

"- si v
:'
:r

J,:,i,,.„, //„„/

i-'v
,.,

SSIA
rrii hnv-\
.1i/tii/tiirt/'

Fbcnch dominion red


tT 4^ / /"'
/ '-
Winrhnr/rA
uy.vxswu «. / , ,...., .
vi:i'" ,;

.
t/tt/'i in dominion ,„.,.:%* - l\l.ll;,l,.|„,,...

Araaonese dominion brown


./ r. 1. 1 1 s, i I i.i
In. ventburrj possessions hint,
Bdftffbiwzrpossessions pui'pin
-
•s
The lt/tmr,vi>t'thr \TVrn tirt'/O/f* FraJtefonl
ies arr it/t//rr/t//f//.
Thr fhiun/hil fhuJiH-.sm Herman}
1/ 11/
ti.nl,,,.,,
\ I I

Ir,,,,',,-
POLAND
iuv written m Caps. Bamberg

l,;,l,y*;,„ y Brum. S<>

PHANCE.1 ii.i.
iiy K .1

"' '
fienuuwn %
. i;rfii;rsin

We%&
&+m£ ':::; % n. /,',/,/ .*/.:,**,

I" \ o Tin- Milanese


\lJ.'"l'lllW'. x
, . .,/,/.,„ iri,,,-r ^

jfrT^lkr'""' /^l-r

Aicilia
\ TT^

! Morr.V,
X.XIX
XXX

7//, (.nil',,.

STLAWRENCE
CantimiiitiDR n/ V
\\\l

; > t I ; ~. t
XXXII
XXXII!
C i pel i.i
ll',7„,

ETJUOPE Sfianuih )ln t.*i.<,r:
Ilohm-zellrrn fro**.
Stu-nr pn**
t,l*tr

y&tlfW
t'ranrr red
in. 164-8
rcn*ff - i r/Ze* tinm
Peace oEWestpJialia to la ntl

|
Tht* map lUtuAriilr.t ulro iht
Sarnd itt u vo - Sel&vtrmu n wutj
Ysknr l
u/,/lrr n nrlr' -r.
' XT and 11T

J.ivoiiia ;
— —— XXXIV
« In

I>() LAN I)

E V rt O I* E i.v 1713.
I'i'ace of* Utr«-<M
House a/'Son>-htm AW
-'~ l Gurlpht K' * Ihtei
Vjni'it4,'t BauHwttJ | HvhetitoUrr-n hbiM
XXXV
Comi'IhiuL

into* El'UOPK i.n 1718
,
Peace of Aix la Cham-He.
XXXVI
b'rrnvi, l^/.uhltr h'tul
The /foit-Tf of KiOMOUfg Purplr

hk-
'i

h

i <f
(>tli I ftha
IIt>h/nsf.ollcrii
WUtaUbcLch
Ktv.r line*
I'li/e

Oruntjf
n , WvlliH Orange lines
-
OliitnLury
oUfjerhrawA turn,
Vuu nfftrhft Grgfjl titles

The three Partitions of Poland

HI'.\C:A11Y tvkkkyi
WWII.
T»r„

[RELA N I)
'

'I'-')
XXXVIII

Hue rf /;.,-.*..., f.-r./

Jtahnn !

Gtuipkt Klur i'*ew


/Mrrixo/f,-//, IU-'
TeOne
H'lt/rUhnah
Kl'ROPK IX 1HH>. Congress of Vienna ll'rf/t i,
l>r mt,ui
ftwyi
"r-anw l.nr.v
i. Ctt-em-
-
XXXIX
eubope a mm
Peace of Prag'ur.
.V/„ //,,„./ //.T SCANDINAVIA t
'

i m ii I ;>ii<1

\
EUROPE *.V/.

.ll-r.lr,.,/;,,;

IN I S 7 I .

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TURKISH EMPIRE
S
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d i n B .

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I. Sicilv
M &.ROCCO I

fiitt.rhin/iif
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
Los Angeles

This book is DUE on the last date stamped below.

REC'O ID
" Ultl
URC
MAR I

APR 6^1 1 5 1979


ttMJffi"

**Cfc
A PR
REC'D LDUMI
Q*c
°£pr. ifPf

MAR 26 #79

MAY 2 6 1978
fi,

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Form L9-Serii
Lilh
573

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