Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Department of Economy,
EWI- 2008
Budget Browser
Science and Innovation
Koning Albert II-laan 35 bus 10
1030 Brussels
info@ewi.vlaanderen.be
www.ewi-vlaanderen.be
Combining Economy, Science and Innovation
for a better society
Foreword
“Science is organised knowledge” – this is an oft-quoted statement by the 19th-century British philosopher
Herbert Spencer, which applies today more than ever before.
In the so-called knowledge economy, a society in which science and economics are inextricably bound up
with each other, we have to measure and monitor the extent to which the government makes efforts to
stimulate science and innovation.
As Minister for Economy, Enterprise, Science, Innovation and Foreign Trade, it is not only my job to strength-
en the knowledge economy, but also to provide transparent reporting on my policy. I am delighted to have an
instrument like the EWI (Economy, Science and Innovation) Budget Browser at my disposal to do this.
The second edition of the EWI-Budget Browser offers you a complete overview of the funds that have
been provided by the Flemish government in 2008 within the Economy, Science and Innovation policy
area. The EWI-Budget Browser provides a transparent overview of these funds and explains each fund with
which the Flemish government gives shape to the policy.
The Flemish science policy is a horizontal one. This means that each policy area within the Flemish govern-
ment releases the requisite funds for undertaking scientific research.
For 2008, a total science budget of 1.682 billion EUR was provided, of which 1.051 billion was research
funding. Within the EWI policy area, 722 million EUR was allocated to funds for the science policy in the
initial budget, of which 692 million was R&D funding. This year, a further 75 million EUR has been provid-
ed as a stimulus for strengthening the research environment via initiatives such as Hercules, Methusalem,
the BOF (Special Research Fund) and the plan of action for careers in research.
Strengthened collaboration between industry and knowledge institutes, including through augmenting the
Industrial Research Fund, the launch of the Baekeland Programme for intersectoral mobility and increas-
ing the involvement of industry in the IOF (Industrial Research Fund) and SBO (Strategic Basic Research)
programmes are just a few examples of other major projects that are being financed in 2008.
The EWI-Budget Browser analyses the cash flows, places them in a period of time from 1993 to the present day
and positions Flanders internationally in the field of government expenditure on R&D and the intensity of R&D.
Innovation also goes hand in hand with entrepreneurship. A new “Entrepreneurship” call and the establish-
ment of an entrepreneurship cornerstone in the new EFRD programme will strengthen the competitive
position of Flemish entrepreneurs abroad.
As I indicated in the 2008 policy letter, I want to contribute towards giving Flanders a leading position
through the aforementioned stimuli, both in Europe and in the world economy, so as to secure the prosperity
of present and future generations. The Economy, Science and Innovation policy area plays a central role in
this.
The 2008 EWI-Budget Browser will contribute to a better understanding of the science policy in Flanders.
I wish you illuminating reading!
Patricia Ceysens
Flemish Minister for Economy, Enterprise, Science, Innovation and Foreign Trade
FOREWORD 1
2
Contents
FOREWORD 1
CONTENTS 3
INTRODUCTION 5
CONTRIBUTORS 54
USED ABBREVIATIONS 54
COLOPHON 56
CONTENTS 3
4
Introduction
In the first part, the 2008 EWI-Budget Browser deals with the budget funds in the Economy, Science and
Innovation (EWI) policy area with regard to the content of the new budget programmes: the economic
support policy, policy support and academic policy, valorisation and industrial policy and, finally, the general
policy.
The second part gives an overview of the Flemish government’s science and innovation policy. Then
the ‘actual science policy’ is discussed (from the policy areas of EWI and Education and Training – OV),
followed by the science policy in the other policy areas. Thereafter follows an analysis of the Horizon-
tal Science Policy Budget Programme (HBPWB) and finally, an expenditure analysis of the science funds
allocated by the Flemish government.
The third part explains the funds for research and development (R&D) in more detail. In order to indicate
the international position of Flanders, the Flemish government’s expenditure on R&D is compared here
with other countries.
The initial 2008 budget funds are referred to in this publication – in accordance with the decree of 21
December 2007 concerning the general budget expenditure of the Flemish Community for the 2008
budget year. For the time periods we always used the definitive funds for the previous years (2007 and
earlier) – after the budget controls and any credit rescheduling. The budget programmes also mention the
fund specifically provided for science policy, in addition to the fund recorded in the budget.
Under the Flemish government’s modernisation project, Better Administrative Policy (Beter Bestuurlijk
beleid – BBB), the budget changed over to a structure with thirteen policy areas in 2008. The basic alloca-
tions are categorised according to general and area-specific budget programmes as regards content. In
spite of these changes, it is still possible in most cases to make relevant comparisons with 2007. Since all 13
policy areas were initiated in 2007, the 2007 EWI-Budget Browser was already set up in accordance with
the new structure.
Not all the funds that give shape to the economic and science and innovation policy in 2008 are discussed
in this publication. The EWI-Budget Browser is covered in greater depth on the website www.speurgids.be.
There you will find a textual explanation and you can search specifically for a particular policy initiative; in
other words – you can look up information yourself quickly and accurately. In addition, it will be possible to
carry out more detailed analyses, time periods and so on via the website in the future.
Finally, thanks are due to everyone for his or her contribution to the 2008 EWI-Budget Browser. Because of
their constructive work, we have once more succeeded in grouping together and making available all the
information relating to the economic and science and innovation policy.
INTRODUCTION 5
6
EWI: co-operation between
economy, science
and innovation
Part 1
The budget structure underwent a radical change on January 1st, grammes from the Economic policy of the former EWBL department.
2008 as a result of the Flemish government’s major modernisation The science and innovation policy was until last year covered in pro-
project: Better Administrative Policy (BBB). grammes for the general science policy (71.1), scientific research at
the initiative of the scientist (71.2), scientific research for economic
The structure with 13 policy areas had already been begun earlier – purposes (71.3) and strategic and policy-oriented research (71.4).
they now each consist of a core department, IVAs and EVAs (Internal
and External Independent Agencies) and a strategic advisory com- From 2008 onwards, the following will be the content of the budget
mittee. The 2007 Budget Browser already applied the BBB structure programmes of the EWI policy area: Economic Support Policy (ED),
– so, from 2008 onwards it can also be seen concretely in the Flemish Policy Support and Academic Policy (EE), Valorisation and Industrial
budget. From a technical point of view, this means that all the funds Policy (EF), Awareness-raising and Society (EG) and General Policy
have been brought under the new policy areas and the relevant (EC). These programmes comprise both the resources for financing
budget programmes. In this respect, all the policy areas, programmes the economic policy and those for the science and innovation policy.
and the entities that manage the fund are given their own letter code. They are concisely explained below; of course, particular attention is
paid here to the new initiatives.
The new budget structure is also giving rise to a thorough reshuf-
fle of the funds managed by the Economy, Science and Innovation There is an indication in table form of whether it concerns funds
(EWI) policy area. Up until 2007, it was a matter for the General for science policy or not. The science policy itself will be specifically
Economic Policy (51.1) and Economic Support Policy (51.2) pro- discussed and analysed in parts 2 and 3.
Chapter 1.1.
Policy instruments
In the 2008 budget there is a fund of 290.051 million EUR on
the allocation authorisation. The Economy Agency manages all
the resources of the Hermes Fund, and its mission is to support,
strengthen and stimulate business enterprises in Flanders sustainably.
It implements those programmes of an economic nature which the
Flemish government approves.
Its policy instruments are described in table 2, with the relevant 2008
funds and categorised by strategic objective of the programme.
Table 2. Policy instruments and funds in the Hermes Fund for 2008 (million EUR)
■ Ecology support
■ Support for SMEs
■ Entrepreneurship portfolio
■ Support for large companies
■ Business parks and industrial sites
■ EFRD
■ Other
Explanations taking out a bridging loan with a credit institution easier. This new
Supporting the competitiveness of business enterprises measure, for which 5 million EUR is provided in 2008, includes a
The objective is to develop instruments and initiatives that greatly simplified procedure without the intervention of interme-
strengthen the competitive position of business enterprises. Here, diaries. The administrative charges for the companies affected are
support is given principally to aspects that give the future of the deliberately kept as low as possible. The company itself applies for
enterprise primary consideration. The Economy Agency therefore the subsidy, and the Economy Agency supervises the basic terms
aims to contribute towards modernising the economic fabric of and conditions. The aid is paid out directly to the company at its
Flanders. request.
Investment support for SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises) Ecology support for particulate filters. In 2008 a budget of 7 million
in application of the decree concerning the Economic Support EUR will be provided in ecology premiums for the installation of
Policy. Investment programmes are distributed via the competition particulate filters for lorries and the purchase of Euro V-lorries. This
formula system. The unchanged fund of 47.575 million EUR allows will be a financial stimulus for businesses that make environmental
three calls, each of 15.858 million EUR. investments in Flanders!
Ecology support in application of the decree concerning the eco- The promotion of entrepreneurship
nomic support policy. In 2008, an allocation fund of 107.585 million Healthy business enterprises first and foremost need strong
EUR has been provided: this is 15.5 million more than in 2007. entrepreneurship. The Economy Agency aims to contribute to this
end by offering advice, training and assistance. In this regard, the
In 2007, the following measures were in force: The decision of the following are considered as an integral part of ‘entrepreneurship’:
Flemish government of 16 May 2007 (‘Ecology Light’) relates to not only starting up a new business, but also stimulating what
requests for support entered between 1 August 2006 and 16 May we might call ‘intrapreneurship’: entrepreneurship within the
2007. In addition to this, there was also the approval on 16 May business. The aim here is also to take and manage measures that
2007 of the Flemish government’s decision to grant support for ecol- will really make a substantial contribution – again with the focus
ogy investments in the Flemish Region (‘Call Ecology’). on future-oriented activities. Thus, the Agency aims to contribute
to stimulating creativity among both entrepreneurs and intrapre-
Investment support for large companies in application of the neurs.
decree concerning the economic support policy. For the new
investment support for large companies, an amount of 30 million Initiatives to promote entrepreneurship in education. Aid was
EUR will be allocated as a matter of stable policy. This concerns allocated to the so-called bridging projects for the first time in
both investments in tangible assets and major strategic training and 2003, which established a link between education and industry –
education projects. but with the focus on the skills and attitudes needed for power-
ful entrepreneurship. Therefore, there are not geared so much
Interest supplements as a result of problems caused by public towards technology and infrastructure. The projects were assessed
works. Because public works often hinder access to a business, the through a competition formula: with an available budget of 2.5
Flemish government assists with the interest burden, which makes million EUR, 17 of the 50 projects entered were granted aid from
Figure 3 compares the 2008 funds with those of 2007. The total The ‘human capital for science, technology and innovation’ ac-
fund in 2007 amounted to 283.890 million EUR, of which 277.197 tion plan is a new initiative in 2008. Based on dialogue with the
million EUR was for the science policy. research world and the results of a comparative analysis of the
Flemish doctorate bursary systems, a Research Career action plan
Figure 3 shows a striking increase in the funds for 2008: 45.669 mln. will be submitted to the Flemish government for approval. A budget
EUR in total, of which 45.468 million for the benefit of the science of 8.17 million EUR has been earmarked for this, partly for a trial
policy. The grant to the SERV (Socio-Economic Council of Flanders) programme for intersectoral mobility between the academic world
is the only BA (basic allocation) of his programme that doesn’t con- and industry. The basic principle for this Baekeland programme is
tain science policy funds. It is expected that the grant to the FWO that the industry specifies the research subject of the doctorate and
(Fund for Scientific Research), financed with the net income from the that the researcher spends a lot of his or her time in the industry. The
profits of the National Lottery, will be boosted by 2.342 million EUR costs will be divided between the government and the industry itself.
extra, which will bring it up to the level of previous years (11.712 Other points for attention in the action plan are the development
million EUR). The remaining 20% is still allocated to a provisional of a ‘tenure-track’ system and the maximum harmonisation of the
fund for the time being (BA CB0023B). existing doctorate bursary systems.
Compared to
BA Budget fund Description SP fund
2007
+ 8.170
EE3301B 8.170 “Human capital for science, technology and innovation” action plan 8.170
(new)
Subsidy to the Institute of Plant Biotechnology for Developing
EE3302B 0.091 – 0.009 0.091
Countries (IPBO)
EE3303B 0.071 + 0.001 Subsidy to the International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH) 0.071
EE3305B 9.500 + 0.500 Subsidies for project-based scientific research (PWO) 9.500
Subsidies for carrying out scientific research, by institutes for post-
EE3307B 1.900 + 1.000 1.900
initial education and by higher institutes of fine arts
EE3341B 0.827 + 0.012 Subsidy to the Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (KMDA) 0.827
EE3343B 1.090 + 0.015 Subsidy to the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) 1.090
Subsidy to the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), for the support and
EE3344B 0.586 + 0.008 0.586
the operation of the IODE Project Office
Subsidy to the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), for the support and
EE3345B 0.124 + 0.002 0.124
the operation of the ESF Marine Board
Subsidies to the United Nations University (UNU), within the
EE3540B 1.014 + 0.015 1.014
framework of the programme for regional integration studies
Subsidy to UNESCO, in support of the Flemish UNESCO science trust
EE3541B 1.453 + 0.016 1.453
fund
Strengthening of the involvement of research in academic courses at
EE4001B 6.500 + 1.500 6.500
institutes of higher education
Subsidy to the special research funds, which are part of the
EE4002B 15.194 + 5.143 15.194
Methusalem programme
Subsidy for special research funds to provide additional mandates for
EE4003B 3.021 + 1.521 3.021
independent academic personnel (ZAP)
EE4012B 16.699 + 5.164 Grant to the Industrial Research Fund Flanders (IOF) 16.699
EE4103B 0.749 + 0.208 Grant to the Flemish Council for Science Policy 0.749
EE4105B 12.344 + 0.173 Subsidy to FWO Flanders for the Odysseus programme 12.344
EE4106B 2.270 + 0.032 Subsidy to the Flanders Technology Foundation (STV) 2.270
EE4107B 6.894 + 0.201 Grant to SERV (Socio-economic Council of Flanders) 0.000
Grant to IWT, for support to applied biomedical research, with a
EE4108B 6.000 + 1.000 6.000
primarily a social purpose
Subsidy to the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for the Sciences
EE4111B 1.144 + 0.013 1.144
and Arts
EE4113B 117.182 + 4.308 Subsidy to FWO Flanders 117.182
Grant to IWT, related to awarding specialisation grants (Decree of 23
EE4114B 26.019 + 3.101 26.019
January 1991)
EE4115B 2.762 + 0.039 Subsidy to university interface services 2.762
EE4116B 0.607 + 0.007 Grant to the EVA Hercules Foundation as management remuneration 0.607
Grant to IWT, for the promotion of technology transfer and research,
EE4117B 8.899 + 1.500 8.899
by higher educational institutes
Subsidy to FWO Flanders, for projects within the framework of
EE4121B 2.273 + 0.771 2.273
international research facilities
EE4125B 38.604 0.000 Strategic basic research (IWT Flanders) 38.604
Subsidies for scientific and technical research with an agricultural
EE4131B 9.602 0.000 9.602
objective (IWT Flanders)
Grant financed with the net receipts from profits in the National
EE4180B 9.370 – 2.342 9.370
Lottery, for the benefit of FWO Flanders
+ 2.500
EE4464B 2.500 Subsidy for the Special Research Fund for the universities 2.500
(new)
+ 1.100
EE5246B 1.100 Subsidies to the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), for investments 1.100
(new)
Grant to the EVA Hercules Foundation for financing medium-heavy
EE6102B 15.000 + 10.000 15.000
and heavy infrastructure (art. 75 Decree 22.12.2006)
TOTAL 329.559 + 45.669 322.665
The global initial funds in 2008 for the EF budget programme, Valorisa-
tion and Industrial Policy, amount to 338.983 million EUR and just as Figure 4: EF Programme, Valorisation and Industrial Policy, total
much SP fund: an increase of 32.326 million EUR compared with 2007. funds and SP funds, 2007 and 2008 (million EUR)
There are also all the allocation authorisations of the IWT (BAs EF
9911B up to and including EF9914B). These are BAs to support
technological innovation campaigns at the initiative of the Flemish
government, projects at the initiative of the industries and innova-
tion cooperatives, e-media projects and, finally, study and appraisal
commissions for the VIN (Flemish Innovation Network). 180.398
million EUR has been earmarked for these jointly, making an increase
of 21.5 million EUR compared to 2007.
Budget Compared
BA Description SP fund
fund to 2007
EF3301B 43.976 + 4.960 Subsidy to the Interuniversity Micro-Electronic Centre (IMEC) 43.976
EF3302B 38.771 + 0.573 Subsidy to the Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) 38.771
EF3303B 23.476 + 0.378 Grant to the Interdisciplinary Institute for BroadBand Technology (IBBT) 23.476
Grant to the Dutch Language Union for the implementation of the
EF3540B 0.760 0.000 0.760
“STEVIN programme”
EF4103B 11.848 + 0.395 Grant to the Institute for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT) 11.848
EF4113B 26.801 – 3.421 Grant to the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) 26.801
+ 7.864 Grant to the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) for
EF4114B 7.864 7.864
(new) financing the reference tasks
Grant to the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) for
EF6102B 5.089 + 0.075 5.089
investments
Allocation authorisation for IWT Flanders, for supporting technical
EF9911B 44.434 + 19.970 innovation actions that are proposed at the initiative of the Flemish 44.434
government
Allocation authorisation for IWT Flanders, for projects proposed by
EF9912B 123.860 – 1.905 123.860
companies and innovation co-operations
EF9913B 11.263 + 3.426 Allocation authorisation for IWT Flanders, for e-media projects 11.263
Allocation authorisation for IWT Flanders, for study and expertise
EF9914B 0.841 + 0.012 0.841
assignments, for the benefit of the Flemish Innovation Network (VIN)
TOTAL 338.983 + 32.326 338.983
For the EG budget programme – Awareness-Raising and Society – EG3301B, EG3303B, EG4001B and EG5201B). The policy on
there is a global fund in the initial 2008 budget of 26.847 million science information and popularisation remains an important
EUR, an increase of 1.82 million compared with 2007. point of attention within the scientific and technological innova-
tion policy. The policy concerned is grouped each year within the
The programme has the following strategic objectives: Science Information and Innovation action plan. This comprises
1. Stimulating entrepreneurship all the campaigns and events that the government organises
To boost the development of the Flemish economic fabric in a itself or which are outsourced to third parties: the structural
proactive and integrated manner; to stimulate creative and in- partners. As the most important examples, we would mention
novative entrepreneurial activities and make them more attractive Flanders Technology International (FTI), the expertise units for
for existing and new target groups. popularizing science, technology and technological innovation
2. Science information service within the ambit of the associations, the organizers of the five
To strengthen public support for the scientific and technological scientific ‘Olympics’, the six Flemish People’s Observatories, the
innovation policy in Flanders. two scientific youth associations (Youth, Culture & Science and
Nature & Science) and the Roger Van Overstraeten Society. The
The economic policy in the EG programme concerns the grant to Flan- Flemish government has concluded a multi-year contract with all
ders Enterprise (VLAO) (BA EG4104B), the expenditures for VLAO these structural partners.
local contact points (BA EG3001B) and the subsidies for projects that
support and finance flexible mechanisms (BA EG5001B). In addition, there is also the subsidy of 2.410 million EUR to Flanders
District of Creativity vzw (Flanders DC). The task of Flanders DC
The grant for the 2008 budget year to Flanders Enterprise (VLAO) is to contribute towards the awareness-raising and stimulation of
amounts to 13.742 million EUR (BA EG4104B). 2007 was the first entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation.
full working year of the agency. The aim is that all enterprises and
entrepreneurs can take their questions to a single contact point
Figure 5: EG Programme, Awareness-Raising and Society, science
within the ambit of Flanders Enterprise. The agency in its turn will
policy and economic policy funds, 2007 and 2008 (million EUR)
assist the enterprises and entrepreneurs in an efficient and industry-
friendly manner and put them through to the right channels in the
Flemish government. Simplification and transparency are the key
words here.
In addition to the grant, a fund of 1.5 million EUR has been provided
for setting up a quality network of low- and wide-threshold VLAO
contact points for applicant entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs and busi-
ness enterprises (BA EG3001B). The contact points will provide the
first line of advice and will be responsible for referring all questions
that require further follow-up to the provincial VLAO antennae.
However, the contact points do not function as an office window in
the administrative sense of the word: they cannot issue the obliga-
tory formalities of the government themselves. The advice provided
by the local contact point is totally free of charge for the requesting
party. You can find more info on www.vlao.be.
SP: science policy; EP: economic policy
Budget Compared
BA Description SP fund
fund to 2007
EG1203B 2.257 + 0.025 Popularisation of science, technology and technological innovation 2.257
+ 1.500 Expenditure related to the local contact points of Flanders Enterprise
EG3001B 1.500 0.000
(new) (VLAO)
Various subsidies, with reference to publicising the Science Policy and
EG3301B 1.098 0.000 1.098
scientific research to structural partners
EG3303B 3.974 + 0.059 Subsidy to Flanders Technology International (FTI vzw) 3.974
EG3304B 2.410 + 0.036 Subsidy to Flanders District of Creativity (Flanders DC vzw) 2.410
Subsidies for expertise cells, with the objective of popularising science,
EG4001B 1.744 + 0.019 1.744
technology and technological innovation within associations
EG4104B 13.742 + 0.179 Grant to Flanders Enterprise (VLAO) 0.000
EG5001B 0.051 + 0.001 Subsidies for projects that support and finance flexible mechanisms 0.000
EG5201B 0.071 + 0.001 Investment subsidy for the Flemish people’s observatories 0.071
TOTAL 26.847 + 1.820 11.554
General Policy
The ‘General’ programme covers the resources for 2008 that give partner organisations. In order to achieve the objectives, joint project
shape to both the general economic policy and the science and inno- calls will be launched from 2008 onwards. There are two types:
vation policy. This also includes those BAs that cannot be unambigu- contract research – mainly aimed at consultancy firms – and research
ously assigned to the content of another programme (see above). projects that are mainly aimed at research institutes.
The total fund included in the 2008 budget for the EC programme, In addition, the subsidies relating to international cooperation in
General Policy, amounts to 24.677 million EUR. Of this, 18.978 mil- science and innovation (BA EC3311B) have been increased structur-
lion EUR is science policy (SP) fund. Figure 6 compares these funds ally by 2.1 million EUR, in order to set up additional campaigns to
with 2007. The total for 2007 amounts to 19.69 million EUR, of strengthen the strategic collaborative relations with priority partner
which 13.839 million are SP funds. The increase in the fund for the countries or regions, as well as the further development of scientific
EC programme is entirely due to the increase in funds for the science cooperation within the framework of development aid (‘capacity
policy, as can be seen in figure 6. building’).
Budget Compared
BA Description SP fund
fund to 2007
The following public limited companies are externally independent 156.8 million EUR. Thanks to that guarantee, entrepreneurs were
agencies (EVAs) of the EWI policy area: Participation Company Flan- able to obtain loans from banks totalling 265.4 million EUR. The
ders (PMV), Flemish Participation Company (VPM) and the Limburg loans that were provided with the aid of the Guarantee Scheme
Investment Company (LRM). In contrast to the previous chapters, in their turn made investments of 335 million EUR possible. That
this does not concern budget funds, but rather an overview of the means that for every euro of government guarantee, more than two
activities of the aforementioned agencies. euros in investments were made, which indicates that the scheme
has considerable leverage.
Participatiemaatschappij Vlaanderen NV (PMV) The Win-Win loan encourages private individuals to lend money
(Participation Company Flanders) to enterprises at advantageous rates via a tax benefit. Anyone
ParticipatieMaatschappij Vlaanderen NV (Participation Company who, as a friend, an acquaintance or family member grants a
Flanders) has taken over the role of GIMV, as the instrument for Win-Win loan to a business just starting up will receive a tax
the realisation of economic initiatives by the government in Flan- discount of 2.5% of the money that has been lent. The Win-
ders. As an independent investment company, PMV has a unique Win loan is a subordinated loan of 50,000 EUR max. The loan
position. It is not a bank, and it is not an administration. PMV is has a lifetime of eight years and must be repaid in a single lump
a company that invests in the Flemish Region in a businesslike sum. If the firm is ultimately unable to repay the subordinated
manner. The activities of PMV have been assigned to four business loan, the investor receives 30% of the amount outstanding via
units: a one-off tax reduction. The Win-Win loan makes it easier for
young entrepreneurs to find start-up capital from their immediate
PMV-kmo (PMV for SMEs) environment. By the beginning of 2008, 511 start-up enterprises
This business unit is the unique point of contact for the financing in Flanders had already taken out Win-Win loans, totalling 13.4
requirements of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It man- million EUR.
ages a variety of instruments, which makes it easier for entrepre-
neurs to find financing with private capital providers: Innovative starters with a high risk profile, but strong growth po-
tential, can apply to the Vlaams Innovatiefonds (VINNOF – Flemish
ARKimedes is doubling the provision of venture capital for young Innovation Fund) for venture capital. VINNOF offers the following
growth industries. The ARKimedes Fund, worth 110 million EUR, three financing products:
offers one euro extra for each euro that recognised private venture • The main product is designated as ‘seedling capital’. With this,
capital funds (ARKIVs) invest in a Flemish SME (small or medium- VINNOF makes a risky investment in the start-up and initial
sized enterprise). At the beginning of 2008, 13 professional venture growth of innovative enterprises in Flanders. This is usually done
capital providers were recognized as ARKIVs. Together they have in the form of a holding in the company’s capital, but a convert-
funds of 218.1 million EUR to invest in Flemish SMEs. Of this, 106.4 ible subordinated loan or a loan with warrants are other possible
million EUR comes from the ARKimedes Fund. At the beginning of forms of investment. In addition, VINNOF also provides incuba-
2008, the ARKIVs had already invested a total of 42 million EUR in tion financing and project financing.
59 promising companies in Flanders. • Incubation financing offers (pre-)starters the opportunity to see
if and how they can realise an innovative idea and convert it into
The Surety Regulation offers the bank or credit provider more cer- a business. Incubation financing is done in the form of a subor-
tainty when an entrepreneur wants a loan to invest, but cannot offer dinated loan and can be granted to entrepreneurs who obtain a
sufficient guarantees. The government stands surety for part of the subsidy from the IWT for an SME Innovation study.
loan that an SME needs. • Project financing is intended to finance innovation projects from
Since the introduction of the new Surety Regulation in the summer SMEs, in addition to an IWT subsidy granted in relation to an SME
of 2005, appeals had already been made by the beginning of 2008 Innovation project or an R&D Industrial project. Project financing
in 1786 cases to the guarantee of the Flemish Region, totalling by VINNOF is done in the form of a subordinated loan.
Table 7: Promised investment sums and the number of enterprises for the three VINNOF financing products as of 31 December 2007
Since it started at the beginning of 2007, CultuurInvest has already technologies. It searches for future possibilities for important public
given 28 enterprise projects a financial push totalling 3.8 million EUR. enterprises in the environmental sector, and it takes initiatives for the
realisation of the Kyoto objectives.
The Fonds Vlaanderen Internationaal helps Flemish SMEs to move More information is available on www.pmvlaanderen.be.
into foreign fields. Since the beginning of 2007, the Fonds Vlaander-
en-Internationaal (Flanders International Fund) has already given the
green light to six investment projects totalling 2.8 million EUR. These Vlaamse Participatiemaatschappij NV (Flemish Partici-
represent investments in China, Bulgaria, Hungary, Russia, Turkey pation Company – VPM)
and the USA. Vlaamse Participatiemaatschappij NV (Flemish Participation Com-
pany – VPM) is a public limited company, whose only task is the
The NRC-Fonds offers high-technology companies long-term financ- management of the participation of the Flemish government in
ing, for innovative projects that are connected to a specific end- GIMV1. Today this participation only consists of a minority position
product. Since it started at the end of 2006, the NRC Fund decided of 27%, after large blocks of GIMV shares were sold on the stock
to grant a subordinated loan to three projects, this financing being market during 2005 in 2006, in conformity with the agreements that
worth 8 million EUR in total. have been made.
PMV-pps
The PMV-pps business unit lays a foundation, with which it is pos- Limburgse Reconversiemaatschappij NV (Limburg
sible to meet the quickly evolving expectations of our society by way Investment Company – LRM)
of public-private co-operations. PMV-pps structures capital-intensive Limburgse Reconversiemaatschappij NV (Limburg Investment Com-
investment projects, which are part of the responsibilities of the gov- pany – LRM) wants to be a driving force in the economic expansion
ernment (infrastructure works, modernisation and renewal of schools of Limburg. This it does by, on the one hand, providing risk capital
and hospitals, social housing, ...) whereby the participation of private to local and foreign companies that invest in Limburg. Established
parties offers an important added value. large companies, as well as start-ups and SMEs, can be taken into
consideration. Furthermore, it can also accompany or finance man-
PMV-Vastgoed (real estate) agement buy-outs or buy-ins. On the other hand, LRM is a partner,
By way of an active real estate management, PMV supports and and frequently the initiator, in the development of industrial terrains,
finances the real estate policy of the Flemish government. The brownfields, business and scientific parks in Limburg.
PMV-Vastgoed business unit plays a pioneering role in the area of
public-private co-operation, and it is involved in the realisation of The Flemish Community is the only shareholder in LRM. Neverthe-
the three Flemish administrative centres, as well as in the valorisation less, LRM is an ordinary public limited company, which is subject to
of Flemish government buildings. PMV also carries out a strategic the regulations concerning commercial companies. Profitability and
real estate policy for the development of brownfields, and it offers market conformity are the guiding principles in the operations of LRM.
support for regional and inner-city development projects. More information is available on www.lrm.be
Part 2
This chapter gives a precise overview of what the scientific and the analysis, evaluation and monitoring of external phenomena are
technological innovation policy consists of. We will use the interna- included in this.
tionally agreed definitions for this purpose: After all, to be able to
make an international comparison, one has to keep to international Within R&D there is a further classification according to the type of
agreements. research (Frascati Manual, OECD, 2002, p. 30):
As the social importance and the complexity of knowledge and Basic research is “experimental or theoretical work undertaken
technological developments increased, exactly as the interest and primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation
participation by governments in an international context, the defini- of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular ap-
tions also evolved in conformity with changed circumstances. The plication or use in view”;
technological policy was, after all, originally considered as a subsidi-
ary sector, which was contained in the broader term science policy. Applied research is “also original investigation undertaken in
Later on it was felt necessary to provide a separate description for order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily
this type of policy, which is directly connected with technological towards a specific practical aim or objective”;
development. The accent today lays rather on innovation and with
this the entirety of the activities that stimulate renewal in industry Experimental development is “systematic work, drawing on exist-
and society is meant. ing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience,
that is directed to producing new materials, products or devices,
to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving
International definitions substantially those already produced or installed.”
Here we will provide a summary description of the administrative • Services for the General Government Policy (DAR)
structure for the management of the science policy, after the restruc- • Administrative Affairs (BZ)
turing project of the Flemish government BBB. • Finance and Budget (FB)
• Foreign Affairs (IV)
• Education and Training (OV)
EWI policy area • Welfare, Public Health and Family (WVG)
The EWI Department, which is responsible for preparing policy initia- • Culture, Youth, Sport and Media (CJSM)
tives and policy evaluation for the entire policy area. • Work and Social Economy (WSE)
• Agriculture and Fisheries (LV)
The agencies: • Environment, Nature and Energy (LNE)
• IWT Flanders: carries out policy related to industry. It is an • Mobility and Public Works (MOW)
intermediary organ, which distributes the funds amongst • Town and Country Planning, Housing Policy and Immovable
businesses and research institutes, in conformity with defined Heritage (RWO)
selection criteria, and evaluation and decision-making proce-
dures. The four Flemish scientific institutes:
• FWO Flanders: carries out policy with regard to basic research at • Research Institute for Nature and Forests (INBO)
the universities. It is an intermediary organ which distributes the • Carries out policy-oriented scientific research with regard to the
funds among the universities and research institutes. That happens conservation, management and sustainable use of biodiversity
in conformity with defined selection criteria, and evaluation and and its environment;
decision-making procedures. • Provides scientific services in support of the policy and to
defined target groups, amongst others through advising, ex-
• Hercules foundation: finances medium-heavy and heavy in- perimental analyses, the provision of new products, techniques,
frastructure for fundamental and strategic basic research in all concepts and documentation;
scientific areas. • It reports periodically on the condition of nature and the
natural environment, and on the effects of environmental
Furthermore, the Participation Company Flanders (PMV), the policy, including the extent in which the assumed objectives
Flemish Participation Company (VPM) and the Limburg Invest- of the environmental policy are reached, while monitoring and
ment Company (LRM) as externally independent agencies (EVAs) evaluating the available know-how and investigating future
and the Economy Agency as an internally independent agency developments.
make part of the EWI policy area. Although they have much
ground in common with the science and innovation policy, the ex- • Flemish Heritage Institute (VIOE)
ecution of it isn’t included in their key tasks. The Economy Agency • Manages and preserves the natural heritage in Flanders;
was described in Chapter 1.1; the agencies PMV, VPM and LRM in • Carries out scientific research in this area.
Chapter 1.6.
• Royal Museum of Fine Arts – Antwerp (KMSKA)
The advisory body: • Acquires, conserves, restores and exhibits its own art collection;
• The Flemish Council for Science Policy (VRWB) formulates recom- • Carries out scientific research;
mendations to the Flemish government and the Flemish Parlia- • Publishes catalogues on its collection and yearbooks;
ment, in the area of science and technology policy. This council • Organises exhibitions in the Royal Museum of Fine Art and in
will provide such recommendations on request, or at its own foreign countries;
initiative. • Organises educational activities: training of educational as-
sistants, training courses for adults, lessons for teachers and
The Socio-economic Council of Flanders (SERV) is the other schools, guided tours, lectures and youth ateliers, publica-
advisory body of the EWI policy area. SERV formulates and gives tions;
advice about the broad economic aspects of the Flemish policy. • Organises documentary activities: technical library, archives and
Here too, there is common ground with the science and innova- a collection register.
tion policy.
• Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO)
• Co-ordinates and carries out policy-supporting research,
Other policy areas including the accompanying services, with the objective of
The science policy is situated in all thirteen policy areas. The making the agricultural and fishing sectors sustainable from an
departments are authorised to give form to science policy initia- economic, environmental and social perspective.
The ‘actual science policy’ concerns the science policy of the EWI education, including the strategic research centres IMEC, VITO, VIB
policy area, together with the resources for financing the science and IBBT. In addition, there is also the broad and varied domain of
policy at the universities and institutes of higher education under the industrial research carried out in support of Flemish industry.
Education and Training (OV) policy area. Previously, these resources
were ascribed to the organisation division OA 71 of the former WIM
department, together with the aforementioned science funds from 2.1.1. EWI Science Policy
OA 33 of the former Education department.
NEW POLICY RESOURCES AND NEW POLICY ACCENTS OF 2008
Fundamental research at universities, which opens up new horizons, The policy funds for science and innovation that come directly under
as a necessary basis for all further socially and industrially oriented the minister responsible for science and innovation policy are in-
research, just as much as research at institutes of higher education, creased structurally in 2008 by 75 million EUR. This rise honours the
is after all a part of such a coherent policy. Strategic basic research execution of the Innovation Pact for 2008. Table 8 gives an overview
also is largely carried out at the universities and institutes of higher of these initiatives.
Table 8. Overview of new policy resources and accents of the 2008 EWI science policy
Table 9. Distribution of resources for the 2008 science policy in the EWI policy area
■ EC. General
■ ED. Economic Support Policy
■ EE. Policy Support and Academic Policy
■ EF. Valorisation and Industrial Policy
■ EG. Awareness-raising and Society
Table 10: Basic Allocations to ‘actual science policy’ in the Education and Training policy area (OV), 2008 (funds in million EUR)
Budget
BA fund Description SP fund
The funds under the new BA FG4003D are allocated to the as-
sociations. 0.508 million EUR is provided for the five associations,
in application of the new financing decree for the operation of the
universities and institutes of higher education.
Table 11: Comparison of initial funds in 2008 with initial and definitive funds in 2007 for the ‘actual science policy’, in particular, the SP funds
in the EWI policy area (until 2007: OA 71) and Education and Training (OV) (until 2007: organisation division OA 33), supplemented with
one-off special funds (million EUR)
Science policy
in the other policy areas
The science policy within the other policy areas comprises those the universities. 7.170 million EUR has been provided globally here
science policy initiatives that do not come under the ‘actual science for the science policy.
policy’ (see Chapter 2.1). In other words, it is the science policy for
which the authority lies with the policy areas themselves, and that Foreign Affairs
authority is geared towards supporting and giving shape to the In the IV (Foreign Affairs) policy area too, there is cofinancing for a
‘actual science policy’. policy research centre: the Policy Research Centre for Foreign Policy,
Tourism and Recreation. Furthermore, in the Tourism programme
This policy is situated within all the policy areas, except EWI, which part of the subsidy to the Koninklijke Maatschappij voor Dierkunde
will be discussed point by point below. It represents 113.809 mil- (Royal Zoological Society) in Antwerp and part of the grant to Flan-
lion EUR: 7.2% of the total science and innovation policy. Of this, ders Tourism is provided for science policy. 2.398 million EUR has
63.531 million EUR is R&D funding, or 6.4% of the total volume been provided globally in 2008 for science policy. Furthermore, the
of R&D funds from the HBPWB (Horizontal Budget Programme for Tourism programme reserves part of the funds for the science policy,
Science Policy). both from the subsidy to the Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp
and the grant to Flanders Tourism. This amounts to 2.398 million
Of course, it is not the intention to explain each and every fund EUR globally in 2008.
from this section. For that, we would refer you to the website
www.speurgids.be, where you can consult all the detailed informa- Education and Training
tion per fund in the form of index cards. 3.806 million EUR has been provided to Science Policy (SP) funds
for other science policy initiatives in the OV (Education and Training)
Services for the General Government Policy policy area. This covers such things as the cofinancing of the Policy
The DAR (Services for the General Government Policy) policy area is Research Centre Education and School Careers and the subsidy to
providing 1.148 million EUR for research funds in 2008. This includes the OBPWO (Education Policy and Practical Scientific Research) and
such things as research funding for the Studiedienst van de Vlaamse the financing of expertise networks, regional platforms and specific
Regering and cofinancing for the policy research centres for Sustain- teacher-training projects.
able Development, Equal Opportunities Strategy and the Public
Administration in Flanders. Welfare, Public Health and Family
In 2008, the global Science Policy budget of the WVG (Welfare,
Administrative Affairs Public Health and Family) policy area amounts to 6.743 million EUR.
A research budget of 1.235 million EUR has been provided under the There are the subsidies to the Policy Research Centre for Welfare,
Administrative Affairs policy (BZ) area to finance research in relation Public Health and Family and to the Policy Research Centre for Envi-
to urban policy and civic integration, in addition to cofinancing the ronment and Health. The Louis Pasteur scientific Institute for Public
policy research centres Equal Opportunities Strategy and the Public Health also has an annual grant; there are also subsidies for the
Administration in Flanders. recognised centres for human heredity, the Royal Academy of Medi-
cine and for epidemiological research and indicator collection. Child
Finance and Budget and Family and the Flemish Agency for Persons with a Handicap also
A further 2.342 million EUR has been provided by way of provisional provide for a scientific research section within their own budgets.
funds to finance fundamental research. This is part of the expendi-
ture that will be financed with the nett income from the profits of Culture, Youth, Sport and Media
the National Lottery; it is expected that this will be siphoned over to Within this policy area (CJSM), a global science fund of 15.901 mil-
the FWO (Fund for Scientific Research). Part of the provisional fund lion EUR has been provided for 2008.There are science funds within
to carry out the Limburg Plan will be planned as science funding. the Arts and Heritage programmes, the grant to the Royal Museum
In addition, there are the cofinancing of the Policy Research Centre of Fine Arts and subsidies to private archives, documentation centres
Taxation and Budget and the interest charges on loans taken out by and custodial (reference) libraries. There is also the grant to the
Table 12: Evolution of the Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy (HBPWB) (in million EUR)
1993 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008i
R&D 326.78 575.12 595.68 625.07 711.26 770.69 820.67 898.64 967.95 952.67 1,051.45
STET 365.13 443.82 454.10 463.81 482.41 497.54 504.05 517.91 532.92 531.17 551.06
STS 31.88 88.04 77.27 76.79 75.13 66.97 68.16 72.28 75.10 77.52 79.39
SP 723.79 1,106.98 1,127.06 1,165.67 1,268.80 1,335.20 1,392.87 1,488.83 1,575.97 1,561.36 1,681.90
Figure 10: Evolution of the Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy (HBPWB) (in million EUR)
Table 13: Distribution of the Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy (HBPWB) over the policy areas (in million EUR)
Figure 12 shows that the R&D funds are apportioned somewhat operational subsidies to the universities are composed of 25% R&D
differently over the EWI and OV policy areas. The OV policy area and 75% STET (Education and Training), EWI is the policy area that
has the largest volume of science funds of all. However, because the contains the largest volume of R&D funds.
Figure 12: Distribution of the R&D funds in 2008 over the 13 policy areas
Figure 13: Distribution of the 2008 R&D budget according to the new NABS 2007 classification
NABS 2007 is the name of the new NABS classification and replaces the previous NABS 1993 classification.
Figure 14: Evolution of the proportions of R&D expenditure by the Flemish government between research relating to economic development,
health and environment, non-oriented (pure) research and general university funds between 1997 and 2008
It can be seen that the financing of research for economic develop- and environment also decreased, whilst the percentage share of
ment increases proportionately; in 1997 this still represented 33% non-oriented research is more or less the same over time.
– but in 2008, no less than 44%. The relative share of research
financed from general university funds decreased – from 28% in Figure 14 once again shows the almost 50/50 ratio between non-
1997 to 20% in 2008. The percentage share of research into health oriented and oriented research.
Table 14: Distribution of the total Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy (HBPWB) (in million EUR)
supporting research
Industrial research
initiatives, policy-
services and VOIs
similar institutes
Govt. institutes,
universities and
science policy
Non-oriented
departments,
Operation of
Horizontal
research
Global
Year Total
■ Non-oriented research
■ Industrial research
■ Operational university subsidies
■ Govt. institutes, departments, services and VOIs
■ Other institutes
■ Global science policy
■ Other university subsidies
■ Horizontal initiatives, policy-supporting research
Table 15: Non-oriented research for 2008 at the universities (in million EUR)
2008
*Half of the grant to the Hercules Foundation in 2008 for the financing of medium-heavy and heavy infrastructure, amounting to 15 million
EUR, and the management remuneration of 0.607 million EUR, goes to non-oriented research, while the other half goes to strategic basic
research.
Figure 16: Distribution of the non-oriented research 2008 The distribution of funds for non-oriented research in 2008 goes
47.8% via the FWO (Fund for Scientific Research), 40.9% via the
BOF, 8.7% via the IWT and 2.6% via the Hercules Foundation (50%
of the grant).
Table 16: Operation of universities and equivalent institutes (in million EUR)
* To strengthen the involvement of research in academic courses at institutes of higher education, an additional 5.275 million EUR has been
allocated in subsidies to the Education and Training policy area in 2008, apart from the 6.5 million EUR from the EWI policy area.
The subsidies for the universities take up a major portion of In application of the new financing decree, the 2008 budget
the funds for the science policy. The initial funds for 2008 will probably be raised even further during the course of
amount to 634.477 million EUR, an increase of 20.198 mil- 2008. To be absolutely clear, we are referring to the initial
lion EUR. Of this amount, 75% is for education and training budget funds for 2008, as with all 2008 funds that are men-
(STET), while 25% goes to research and development (R&D). tioned in this publication.
Figure 18: Evolution of the operational subsidies to the universities and supplementary funds (initial budget funds for 2008) (in million EUR)
Table 17: Funds for oriented industrial research (in million EUR)
2008
* Half of the grant to the Hercules Foundation in 2008 for the financing of medium-heavy and heavy infrastructure, amounting to 15 million
EUR, and the management remuneration of 0.607 million EUR, goes to non-oriented research, while the other half goes to strategic basic
research.
Table 17 shows an overview and evolution of the funds for ori- centres IMEC, VITO, VIB and IBBT account for a volume of funds
ented industrial research. Here, the funds amount to 474.8 million of 145.977 million EUR in 2008, an increase of 10.429 million.
EUR in 2008. A considerable portion of these funds is managed by There are also structural budget increases for IMEC and VITO (see
the IWT: 255.634 million EUR. The funds for the strategic research Chapter 1.3).
After the dip in 2007 due to not repeating the 75 million EUR for the research in 2008 rises above the 2006 level.
VINNOF to finance innovation projects via venture capital, industrial
Table 18: Scientific institutes, departmental divisions and Flemish Public Institutions (VOIs) (in million EUR)
2008
Table 20: A variety of expenditure related to the general science policy (in million EUR)
2008
Table 21: Evolution of the initial, definitive, allocated and ordinanced Science Policy (SP) funds for HBPWB, 1997-2006
Allocated
Initial Final Allocated
SP vs. % ordinanced of the
Budget year SP budget SP budget SP budget
final SP allocated SP budget
(million EUR) (million EUR) (million EUR)
budget (%)
There is clearly a very good correlation between the planned during the course of the year following. But not all payments
and the finally allocated SP fund. With regard to the ordi- of allocations made had already been carried out then: the
nanced SP fund (ordered for payment) we would point out actual amount is therefore higher and closer to the allocated
that the expenditure analysis of the budget year was done fund.
Part 3
At the European Top, which took place in Lisbon in March of 2000, Flanders fully supports this European ambition, and it translated this
the goal of making Europe the most competitive, knowledge-based objective within a Flemish context through the so-called Innovation
economy of the world by the end of 2010 was announced. To be able Pact. This pact was signed in March 2003, and it contains a formal
to realise this, a further step was taken at the Top in Barcelona (March engagement by all involved actors in the Flemish innovation landscape
2002), where it was decided that the objective for 2010 is to increase (government, business community, universities and research institutes)
R&D expenditures (GERD) by 3% of the GDP (Gross domestic prod- to jointly realise this 3% objective by means of complementary efforts.
uct) in the EU. Research and development do, after all, play a crucial
role in the development of a flourishing economy. As an additional This section examines in detail the expenditure on R&D by Flanders,
objective, it was decided that one third of the R&D expenditures must in particular that of the Flemish government, and compares it with
be financed by government and the other two thirds by industry. that of other countries.
Chapter 3.1.
Table 22: International comparison of government expenditure on R&D (GBAORD), expressed as a percentage of GD(R)P
Figure 21: International comparison of government expenditure on R&D (GBAORD), expressed as a percentage of GD(R)P
Figure 22: International comparison of the civil GBAORD (exc. defence research): ratios of economic development, health and environment,
space programmes, non-oriented research and general university funds
Source: Indicatorenboek (Indicators Book) 2007, Policy Research Centre for R&D Indicators
1. GERDgew: region-based calculation of GERD. The R&D expenditures of the Flemish institutes located in the Brussels-Capital Region are not
taken into account.
2. GERDgem: community-based calculation of GERD. The R&D expenditures of the Flemish institutes located in the Brussels-Capital Region
are taken into account. This calculation results in a higher value of the total R&D intensity for Flanders.
For the period 2006-2008, however, there are no survey data avail- tional comparison of the GBAORD. When calculating Flanders’
able yet, nor any alternative sources of information. Consequently, share in the Federal government funds, two formulae are used
for the present purpose, as in the 2007 Budget Browser, a calculation (F=Flemish):
is included to approximate the results for the most recent years. Of • 35.5%F European Space Agency (Source: Flemish Council for
course, a certain circumspection is justifiable for this approximative Science Policy – VRWB) and 56% for the rest of the Federal
method, as data are being put together which are obtained through R&D funds;
two different methodologies. • 56%F: the general formula for the federal science funds used
until now.
The combined efforts of the government are calculated here by
working out different variants. 3. The efforts of the Flemish government + the Flemish share in the
Federal government funds + the Flemish share in the funds of the
1. The efforts of the Flemish government by itself EU research programmes (Framework programmes)
This is the Flemish GBAORD in the strict sense, financed by the With variant 2, the Flemish return from the EU research programmes
Flemish government alone; can also be counted, since here too it is a question of R&D activities
financed with government funds. However, the result can no longer
2. The efforts of the Flemish government+ the Flemish share in the be considered as GBAORD, but is actually a third variant that can
Federal government funds be used for calculating the publicly financed portion of the R&D
In Flanders, R&D activities are also financed with Federal govern- intensity.
ment R&D funds. When this share of the Federal government
is counted into the Flemish GBAORD in the strict sense (1), a The final public financed share of the R&D expenditure as meas-
GBAORD is obtained for Flanders that is possibly closer to reality. ured via the R&D survey, is situated in between these three variants
This variant is consequently the most suitable for an interna- (figure 23).
Figure 24: Evolution of the % R&D/GDP Flanders, taking only the Flemish government’s funds into account (variant 1)
R&D budget
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
(in million EUR)
Flemish government (1) 625.071 711.258 770.687 820.666 898.638 967.954 952.670 1,051.447
Flemish share of Federal
240.052 235.515 252.597 248.878 233.595 252.013 260.604 260.604
government (2)
Flemish share of Federal
272.383 268.151 279.271 282.974 259.004 286.184 298.690 298.690
Government (3)
Total F + Fed (2) 865.123 946.773 1,023.284 1,069.544 1,132.233 1,219.967 1,213.274 1,312.051
Total F + Fed (3) 897.454 979.409 1,049.958 1,103.640 1,157.642 1,254.138 1,251.360 1,350.137
Flemish share EU (4) 70.723 70.723 88.250 88.250 88.250 88.250 88.250 88.250
F + Fed (2) + EU 935.845 1,017.495 1,111.534 1,157.794 1,220.483 1,308.217 1,301.524 1,400.301
F + Fed (3) + EU 968.177 1,050.131 1,138.208 1,191.890 1,245.892 1,342.388 1,339.610 1,438.387
GDRP (5) in million EUR 147,999.4 152,714.9 157,115.1 164,948.3 170,266.2 179,050.9 187,564.8 195,716.4
R&D as a
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
% of GDRP
Flemish government (1) 0.42 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.53 0.54 0.51 0.54
F + Federal government (2) 0.58 0.62 0.65 0.65 0.66 0.68 0.65 0.67
F + Federal government (3) 0.61 0.64 0.67 0.67 0.68 0.70 0.67 0.69
F + Fed (2) + EU 0.63 0.67 0.71 0.70 0.72 0.73 0.69 0.72
F + Fed (3) + EU 0.65 0.69 0.72 0.72 0.73 0.75 0.71 0.73
BERD (6) 1.84 1.61 1.51 1.42 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.46
Total F + BERD 2.26 2.08 2.00 1.92 1.99 2.00 1.97 2.00
Total govt. (2) + BERD 2.47 2.28 2.22 2.12 2.18 2.19 2.15 2.18
Total govt. (3) + BERD 2.49 2.30 2.23 2.14 2.19 2.21 2.17 2.19
(1) Flemish government, as defined in the HBPWB – final budgets 2001-2007; initial budget 2008;
(2) Flemish share in the Federal government R&D funds: ESA distribution key at 35.5% Flemish (source: VRWB – Flemish Indicators Book
2005) and the rest of Federal government R&D funds at 56% Flemish. Federal government R&D funds: source: CFS/STAT. For 2007 and 2008:
initial budget of 2007 used;
(3) Flemish share in the Federal R&D funds, according to the distribution key 56% F;
(4) Estimated according to the calculated Flemish return for the 5th Framework Programme for 2001 and 2002) and for the 6th Framework
Programme for 2003-2006. The same return was applied for the following years. Sources: Flanders in the European 5th Framework Programme
for research, P. Dengis, E. Dewallef and K. Verlaeckt, 2005; Flanders in the European 6th Framework Programme for research, P. Dengis, E.
Dewallef and M. Van Langenhove, in preparation;
(5) Source: Studiedienst Vlaamse Regering (SVR) – Flemish government (version of the calculations dated 21 May 2007), on the basis of vari-
ous sources: 2001-2004: INR; 2005-2008: estimation by SVR;
(6) Source: Indicatorenboek (Indicators Book), Policy Research Centre for R&D Indicators, March 2007. The % BERD 2005 was used for 2006-2008.
Used abbreviations
54
IV Internationaal Vlaanderen (Foreign Affairs) STET Scientific and Technical Education and Training
IVA Intern Verzelfstandigd Agentschap STS Scientific and technological services
(Internal Independent Agency) TPP Technological Product and Process
IWETO Inventaris van het Wetenschappelijk en Technologisch tUL Transnationale Universiteit Limburg
Onderzoek (Inventory of Scientific and Technological (transnational University of Limburg)
Research) TWOL Toegepast Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Leefmilieu
IWT Instituut voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (Applied Scientific Research into the Environment)
in Vlaanderen (Institute for Innovation by Science and UA Universiteit Antwerpen (University of Antwerp)
Technology in Flanders) UGent Universiteit Gent (University of Ghent)
KMDA Koninklijke Maatschappij voor Dierkunde te Antwerpen UHasselt Universiteit Hasselt (University of Hasselt)
(Royal Zoological Society – Antwerp) UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
KMSKA Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen Organization
(Museum for Fine Arts Antwerp) UNU United Nations University
KUBrussel Katholieke Universiteit Brussel VESOC Vlaams Economisch Sociaal Overlegcomité
(Catholic University of Brussels) (Economic and Social Consultation Committee of Flanders)
KULeuven Katholieke Universiteit Leuven VIB Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie
(Catholic University of Louvain) (Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology)
LNE Leefmilieu, Natuur en Energie VIN Vlaams Innovatie Netwerk
(Environment, Nature and Energy) (Flemish Innovation Network)
LRM Limburgse Reconversiemaatschappij VINNOF Vlaams Innovatiefonds (Flemish Innovation Fund)
(Limburg Investment Company) VIOE Vlaams Instituut voor het Onroerend Erfgoed
LV Landbouw en Visserij (Agriculture and Fisheries) (Flemish Heritage Institute)
MER Milieueffectenrapport (Environmental Effects Report) VITO Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek
MINA Fund Environment and Nature Fund (Flemish Institute for Technological Research)
MIRA Milieu- en Natuurrapport Vlaanderen viWTA Vlaams instituut voor Wetenschappelijk en
(Environment and Nature Report Flanders) Technologisch Aspectenonderzoek (Flemish Institute for
MOD Managementondersteunende Diensten scientific and Technological Assessment)
(Management Support Services) VIZO Vlaams Instituut voor het Zelfstandig Ondernemen
MOW Mobiliteit en Openbare Werken (Flemish Institute for Independent Entrepreneurs)
(Mobility and Public Works) VLAM Vlaams Centrum voor Agro- en Visserijmarketing vzw
NABS Nomenclature for the analysis and comparison of scientific (Flanders Agricultural Marketing Board)
programmes and budgets VLAO Vlaams Agentschap Ondernemen (Flanders Enterprise)
NACE General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities VLAREM Vlaams reglement betreffende de milieuvergunning
within the European Communities (Flemish Regulations related to Environmental Licensing)
OA Organisatieafdeling (Organisation Division) VLIZ Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee
OBPWO Onderwijskundig Beleids- en Praktijkgericht (Flanders Marine Institute)
Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek VLM Vlaamse Landmaatschappij
(Education Policy and Practical Scientific Research) (Flemish Land Agency)
OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development VMM Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij
OV Onderwijs en Vorming (Education and Training) (Public Environmental Agency of Flanders)
OVAM Openbare Vlaamse Afvalstoffenmaatschappij VOI Vlaamse Openbare Instelling
(Public Waste Agency of Flanders) (Flemish Public Institution)
PMV ParticipatieMaatschappij Vlaanderen VPM Vlaamse Participatiemaatschappij
(Flanders Participation Company) (Flemish Participation Company)
PROG. Begrotingsprogramma (Budget programme) VRT Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep
PWO Projectmatig Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Flemish Community Broadcasting Company)
(Project-based Scientific Research) VRWB Vlaamse Raad voor Wetenschapsbeleid
R&D Research and Development (Flemish Council for Science Policy)
RO Ruimtelijke ordening (Urban Planning) VUB Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University of Brussels)
ROW Ruimtelijke Ordening, Woonbeleid en Onroerend VZW Vereniging zonder winstoogmerk
Erfgoed (Town and Country Planning, Housing Policy (not-for-profit organisation)
and Immovable Heritage) WSE Werk en Sociale Economie
SBO Strategisch Basisonderzoek (Strategic basic research) (Work and Social Economy)
SERV Sociaal-Economische Raad van Vlaanderen WVG Welzijn, Volksgezondheid en Gezin
(Socio-economic Council of Flanders) (Welfare, Public Health and Family)
SME Small or Medium-sized Enterprise ZAP Zelfstandig Academisch Personeel
SP Science policy (Independent Academic Personnel)
55
Colophon
Responsible publisher:
Veerle Lories
D/2008/3241/082
56
Flemish government
Department of Economy,
EWI- 2008
Budget Browser
Science and Innovation
Koning Albert II-laan 35 bus 10
1030 Brussels
info@ewi.vlaanderen.be
www.ewi-vlaanderen.be
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