Mode of Incubation Diagnostic Test Treatment

Etiologic Agent Signs and Symptoms Isolation Complications

Transmission Period Screening Confirmatory 1st Line Prophylaxis
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Encephalitis Arbovirus Culex mosquito Stiff Neck 5-15 days Dexamethasone Japanesse
Brain Fever bite Photophobia Mannitol encephalitis
Lethargy Anticonvulsants vaccine
Convulsions Antipyretics
Meningitis Neisseria meningitides Nuchal rigidity 1-10 days Respiratory Ceftriaxone HiB vaccine
Cerebrospinal fever Streptococcus Opisthotonus (24-72 hr p Mannitol
Staphylococcus (+) Brudzinski’s onset of Anticonvulsants
Pneumococcus (+) Kernig’s antibiotic Antipyretics
Tubercle bacillus Droplet therapy)
Meningococcemia Neisseria meningitides Vasculitis 3-4 days Respiratory DIC Penicillin Rifampicin
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Chloramphenicol Ciprofloxacin
syndrome Ceftriaxone
Petechiae
Poliomyelitis Legio debilitans DC w/ infected Abortive type: headache, sore 7-21 days Enteric Analgesics Sabin vaccine
Infantile Paralysis feces throat Salk vaccine
DC w/ resp Pre-paralytic/meningetic: transient
secretions paresis, + Pandy’s test, muscle
IC w/ soiled pain & spasm
articles Paralytic: CNS involment, flaccid
paralysis, urine retention,
constipation, + Hoyne’s sign
Rabies Rhabdovirus Bite of infected Prodromal/invasion phase: fever, 2-8 weeks Respiratory Active:
Hydrohobia animal anorexia, sore throat, dysphagia Lyssavac
Lyssa Excitement/neurologic: Imovax
hydrophobia, aerophobia, Respiratory failure Antirabies vax
delirium, maniac
Terminal/paralytic: unconscious,
loss of urine/bowel control,
progressive paralysis, death
Tetanus Clostridium tetani Direct inoculation Risus sardonicus Adult: TIG TT
through a broken Opisthotonus 3 days-3 TAT Penicillin
skin Trismus weeks Pen G Eryhtromycin
Convulsions Neonate: Diazepam Tetracycline
Headache 3-30 days Phenobarbital
Irritability Tetracycline
Laryngeal spasm
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Bird Flu Avian influenza virus Inhalation of feces 3-5 days Multiple organ failure Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Body weakness
Avian Influenza (H5N1) and discharge of Zanamavir
Cough
infected bird (Relenza)
DOB
Episodes (sore
Severe Acute Corona virus Droplet >38 C 2-8 days Resp failure ribavirin
throat)
Respiratory Syndrome corticosteroids
Fever
(SARS)
Diphtheria Corynebacterium Types: 2-5 days Heart failure Shick’s Maloney’s Diphtheria
Strangling angel of diphtheriae Nasal Repiratory arrest antitoxin/toxoid
children Klebs-Loeffler bacillus Tonsilopharyngeal Pen G
Droplet
Laryngeal Eryhtromycin
DC w/ resp
Wound/cutaneous
secretions
Pertussis Bordetella pertussis Stages: 7-14 days Convulsios CBC:  Erythromycin
IC w/ articles
Whooping cough Catarrhal Otitis media lymphocytes Ampicillin
Paroxysmal Bronchopneumonia Betamethasone
Convalescent Albuterol
Mumps Filterable virus of Droplet Fever 12-26 days Respiratory Orchitis Cortisone
Epidemic parotitis paramyxovirus group Headache POC: Oophoritis Sedatives
Malaise 6 days ā and 9 CNS involvement
Face pain days p onset Deafness
Earache of parotid
 Swelling of parotid glands swelling
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Amoebiasis Entamoeba histolytica Acute: 3-4 weeks Stool exam Metronidazole

Amoebic dysentery Diarrhea+consti Blood exam Tetracycline
Tenesmus Sigmoidoscopy Chloramphenicol
Bloody mucoid stool
Chronic:
Hepatomegaly
Shigellosis Shigella flesneri Fever 1-7 days Rectal prolapse Stool exam Cotrimoxazole
Bacillary dysentery S. connei Abd pain Blood exam Tetracycline
S. boydii Diarrhea, tenesmus Chloramphenicol
S. dysenterae Bloody mucoid stool
Cholera Vibrio cholerae Rice watery stool 1-3 days Lactated Ringer’s
Fecal-oral route
El Tor Abdominal cramps Enteric ORT
5 F’s
Vomiting Tetracycline
Intravascular dhn Co-trimoxazole
Shock Chloramphenicol
Typhoid fever Salmonella typhii Ladder-like fever 1-3 weeks Chloramphenicol
Rose spots Ampicillin/Amoxicillin
Diarrhea :
Typhoid state: (carriers)
Sordes Co-trimoxazole:
Subsultus tendinum (severe cases w/
Coma vigil relapse)
Carphologia
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Chickenpox Rashes 10-21 days Scarring Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Varicella (centrifugal) POC: Necrotizing fasciitis Acetaminophen
1 day ā 1st Reye’s syndrome Diphenhydramine
lesion til 5
Fever (low- days after
Droplet
grade) last crust
Varicella zoster virus Direct contact Strict
Herpes zoster Headache Unilateral, band- 13-17 days Ramsay-Hunt syndrome Ayclovir
Indirect contact
Shingles Malaise like rashes POC: Gasserian ganglionitis Acetaminophen
Erythematous base 1 day ā 1st Encephalitis Prednisone
Regional lesion til 5-6
lymphadenopathy days after
Pain last crust
Measles Filterable virus of Koplik’s spots 10-12 days Pneumonia Vitamin A
Rubeola paramyxoviridae Pre-eruptive: cough, coryza, POC: Otitis media Antipyretic
conjunctivitis, fever (high-grade), 4 days ā and 5 Sever diarrhea→dhn Penicillin
photophobia days p Encephalitis
Eruptive: rash (red/purplish/yellow appearance
Droplet
brown) of rashes
DC w/ resp
Convalescence: desquamation
secretions Respiratory
German Measles Rubella virus Forcheimer’s spots 14-21 days Encephalitis Aspirin
IC ww/ soiled
Rubella Pre-eruptive: fever, headache, POC: Congenital rubella
articles
malaise, coryza, conjunctivitis 1 week ā and syndrome
Eruptive: rash (pinkish 4 days after
maculopapular), posterior appearance
auricular and suboccipital of rashes
lymphadenopathy
Scabies Sarcoptes scabiei Direct contact Thin pencil-mark lines Within 24 hr Eurax (crotamiton)
Indirect contact Itching Kwell lotion
Rashes and abrasions Topical steroids
Hydrogen peroxide
Lindane lotion

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

AIDS Human T-cell Opportunistic infections: ,PCP, oral 3-6 months to Universal ELISA Western blot Zidovudine (Retrovir)
Lymphotropic Virus candidiasis, toxoplasmosis, 8-10 years Radio immuno-
(HTLV-3) acute/chronic diarrhea, PTB precipitation
Malignancies: Kaposi’s sacrcoma, assay (RIPA)
Sexual contact non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma PCR
Syphilis Treponema pallidum Blood Transfusion Primary: chancre, 10-90days Wasserman’s VDRL Pen G Benzathine
Morbus gallicus Mother-to-child lymphadenopathy test Dark Field Doxycycline
Leus venereal IC through soiled Secondary: rashes, mucous Illumination Tetracycline
articles patches, hair loss, condylomata Test
lata Fluorescent
Tertiary: CNS involvement, Treponemal
gumma Antibody
Absorption Test
Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis Women: Males: Women: Neonate: Azithromycin
abd/pelvic pain, 2-3 weeks PID Conjunctiviti (Zithromax)
Men:
bleeding after Ectopic s Doxycycline
Burning w/
sex, unusual Pregnancy Otitis media
urination
vaginal discharge Sterility Pneumonia
Swollen,
Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhea Sexual contact Bleeding after sex, 2-10 days Gonococcal Cefixime
painful
Clap/Drip/GC/Gleet burning w/ Men: ophtalmia Ciprofloxacin
testicles,
urination, Epididymiti Ceftriaxone
Penile
yellow/bloody s Erythromycin
discharge
vaginal discharge Sterility

Candidiasis Candida albicans  glucose Onychomycosis 2-3 weeks Fluconazole

 body resistance Diaper rash (Diflucan)
 estrogen Thrush Ketoconazole
Broad-spectrum Moniliasis (Nizoral)
antibiotic use Imidazole (Nystatin)
Co-trimoxazole
Herpes simplex Herpes simplex virus 1 Type 1: Droplet, 2-12 days Acyclovir (Zovirax)
or 2 direct exposure
to saliva, kissing
Type 2: Sexual
contact
VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES
Dengue
Malaria