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There are a lot of definition that many researchers did about microalgae.For example Microalgae are
prokaryotic or eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms that can grow rapidly and live in harsh
conditions due to their unicellular or simple multicellular structure.1.Some researcher define it as
Microalgae are sunlight-driven cell factories that convert carbon dioxide to potential biofuels, foods,
feeds and high-value bioactives2.To summarize this definition,we can say that microalgae is the one of
microorganism that are able to convert light energy from sunlight into chemical energy within in such as
lipid and this substance need to undergo several phase of process to produce the an important thing in our
economy,and it is biodiesel.

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The term lipid is sometimes used as a synonym forfats, fats are a subgroup of lipids called triglycerides.
Lipid,commonly known as fats,are the valuable substances in biodiesel production.Lipids is the general
term and are cover a lot of others compound and fats is one of them that are subgroup of it an called
triglycdcerides.It is form by the mixation or bonding between 2 types of molecules,which isthree fatty
acid molecules and a molecule of glycerol.The bonding between them can be called esterification bond.

Transesterification need to be done in order to produce the biodiesel.It is the reaction of an ester with an
alcohol in order to replace the alkoxy group and it is used in the synthesis of polyesters and in the
production of biodiesel. 3.In this reaction, 2 type of catalyzer can be used,wheter it is alkali or acid.But by
using sodium and potassiumhydroxide as the alkali catalyzed,it it more rapidly reaction and
approximately 4000 times faster thanthe acid catalyzed reaction4 and lipase enzyme also assist in this
reaction. The others condition that must be fulfilled in Alkalicatalyzedtransesterificationis,it must

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Teresa M. Mata ,Anto´ nio A. Martins , Nidia. S. Caetano ,Microalgae for biodiesel production and other
applications: A review , 14 (2010) 217±232
2
Biodiesel from microalgae ,Chisti,Y,Biotechnology Advances 25 (2007) 294±306



  
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Biodiesel from microalgae ,Chisti , Y ,Biotechnology Advances 25 (2007) 294±306p
becarried out at approximately60°Cunder atmospheric pressure, asmethanolboils off at 65 °C at
atmospheric pressure. Under theseconditions, reaction takes about 90min to complete5

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Biodiesel,the new technology that are been revealed by some of scientist nowadays . The main
motivation that made them to explore this new technologies is to reduce the air pollution by combustion
of engine and to get the same matter as petroleum as the renewable resource. A lot of experiment and
research has been done to overcome this situation and it¶s to make sure our future less of pollution that
may risk a lot of living organism and our ecosystem.

Biodiesel have a lot of definition.

1-p Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl
(methyl, propyl or ethyl) esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids (e.g.,
vegetable oil, animal fat (tallow)) with an alcohol.6
2-p fuel for diesel engines made of renewable organic raw materials as opposed to fossil
hydrocarbons7
3-p Produced through a process in which organically derived oils are combined with alcohol (ethanol
or methanol) in the presence of a catalyst to form ethyl or methyl ester. Biodiesel can be made
from soybean or Canola oils, animal fats, waste vegetable oils, or microalgae oils.8

As a summarize to these definition , we can define that the biodiesel is the matter that are have a potential
to replace a long term renewable resource which mean the petroleum because it has similar chemical
compound to the petroleum and need some chemical process to produce it.

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There are several advantages of using the biodiesel that we are able to take and give a lot of benefits to
our economy and ecosystem.In the aspect of ecosystem,it might save the planet.This is because our planet

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nowadays has face the critical problem and it is global warming.Global warming will affect a lot of living
organism and ecosystem as we be inform lately.

The second advantages is it can help the environment and can make the money at the same time.This is
because,as we know,the green plant which contain the valuable pigment called chlorophyll can convert
light energy into chemical energy.There are less investment but can get a huge profit.This is because,the
main thing that algae need as a food is the sunlight and carbon dioxide. Let we think in a easy way, there
are no need to us to buy sunlight and we can get it free and by manipulate the situation now,which is the
fluctuation of global warming gaseous which is carbon dioxide,we can help t reduce this harming gaseous
and the consequences of this sequence will make us rich and in the same way help the environment.

The third advantages is,it very promising technology and it could changes people¶s lives.,This is
because,there are a lot of successful experiment and research has be done.There are a lot of product from
algae or in easy word is biodiesel.It can save our economy because our economy are more or less depend
on fuel price.Fuel become a necessary resource to us because if there are insufficient fuel,we can go or
travel to the far destination and it will affect a lot of our work.So why not we invest in biodiesel
technologies which consume the microalgae that took low price compare to buy the fuel from the others
countries.

The fourth advantages is the traditional diesel engines can be run on biodiesel without any kind of
modification or nominal modifications.So, the problem now is focusing on the technologies that are able
to convert microalgae into the biodiesel.So,the government must take note this problem to make sure our
citizen get the benefits as the government motto ³ rakyatdidahulukan,pencapaiandiutamakan .

The fifth advantages is handling biodiesel is also very safe as this is non-toxic in nature and is
biodegradable too.So it can reduce some pollution such as water and air pollution because it can be
eliminate or treat in easy way because it biodegradable an non toxic..The sixth advantages of microalgae
that be used in biodiesel production is it can increases the life of the engine because the lubricating factor
present in biodiesel is higher than other fuels.

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And now,we will look the advantages of using microalgae rather than use others foodstock in the
biodiesel production.Firstly, they are easy to cultivate which mean,itcan grow with little or using
the low quality of water and they are easy to obtain nutrients. Microalgae reproduce themselves
using photosynthesis to convert sun energy into chemical energy, completing an entire growth
cycle every few days.9

Secondly,they can grow anywhere and no need very suitable environment.Some of them are able to adapt
to the new environment.It¶s not like the others feedstock such as soybean,sunflower and
others,whichis,they need the suitable environment and it might give the difficultness to the farmer to find
or to preapare it.10

Third,the growth rate of this microalgae are very fast compared to the others.The table below will prove
and show us how far and very effectiveness of this microalgae in the oil production

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There are several phase of process that may be need to undergo by microalgae to transform it into
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Teresa M. Mata ,Anto´ nio A. Martins , Nidia. S. Caetano ,Microalgae for biodiesel production and other
applications: A review , 14 (2010) 217±232p
10
Teresa M. Mata ,Anto´ nio A. Martins , Nidia. S. Caetano ,Microalgae for biodiesel production and other
applications: A review , 14 (2010) 217±232
11
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For the conclusion,we can say that there are a lot of advantages of using biodiesel and it is the new hope
of our economy and environment.It will give a lot of profit to us in the aspect of economy and
ecosystem.The problem that we most faced now is the realization of this subject and the technology we
need to create.Biodiesel from microalgae is the one of the term that we always use and it is ³The Power of
Green

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