c



















(also called 





) in a strict sense are |
 the foreign
currency deposits held by central banks and monetary authorities. However, the term foreign
exchange reserves in popular usage (such as this list) commonly includes foreign exchange and
gold, SDRs and IMF reserve position as this total figure is more readily available, however it is
accurately deemed as   




or 
 




. The list excludes currency
swaps conducted by central banks.

These are assets of the central banks which are held in different reserve currencies such as the
dollar, euro, yen and pound, and which are used to back its liabilities, e.g. the local currency
issued, and the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank, by the government or
financial institutions. Before the end of the gold standard, gold was the preferred reserve. Some
nations are converting foreign exchange reserves into sovereign wealth funds, which can rival
foreign exchange reserves in size.

This is a list of countries and territories by foreign exchange reserves in US dollar equivalence.
Some nations have multiple monetary authorities, counted separately, such as the People's
Republic of China, which has three (mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau). Exchange rate
fluctuations can have significant impact on these numbers. While most nations report in US
dollars, a few nations in Eastern Europe report solely in Euros.




[hide]

à º List of states by foreign exchange reserves

à Ñ List of outstanding forward swap agreements
à è See also
à ÿ Notes
à - References
à D External links

^
 c












The list below is based on IMF data - when available; Otherwise - CIA data are indicated. u|
|  
|   |     | 
  
 
  

   
     |
|  | 
   . IMF or other
outstanding loans are not shown here, and if accounted for many nations would list lower.

 


  



 
   





 
 2  
  
]   (sum of all countries) N/A --
º People's Republic of China Ñ,DÑÑ,000 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
Ñ Japan º,09D,º - Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
Eurosystem
- (EU member states which have adopted the euro, incl. 7 9, 9º Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
ECB)
è Russia ÿ ÿ,º- Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
ÿ Saudi Arabia ÿ-D,Ñ00 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
- Republic of China (Taiwan) è Ñ, 00 Dec Ñ0º0 [º]
D Brazil Ñ97,D9D Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
7 India Ñ97,èèÿ Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
Republic of Korea Ñ9-,9-D Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
9 Switzerland Ñ7º,DD7 Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
- Hong Kong Ñ7è,º7D Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
º0 Singapore ÑÑ7,ºº0 Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
ºº Germany Ñ0 ,70ÿ Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
ºÑ Thailand º7Ñ,ºÑ9 Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
ºè France ºDD,èº9 Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
ºÿ Italy º- ,9ÑD Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
º- Algeria º-0,º00 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
ºD United States ºèÑ,9èè Feb Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
º7 Mexico ºº7,ÿºè Nov Ñ0º0[Ñ]
º United Kingdom º07, -è Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
º9 Libya º07,è00 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
Ñ0 Malaysia º0D,ÿ9 Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
Ѻ Indonesia 9-,èèÑ Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
ÑÑ Poland 9-,7ÿè Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
Ñè Turkey 7, ÿD Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
Ñÿ Denmark 7D,-Ñ9 Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
] European Central Bank 7-, 7 Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
(ECB, not owned by any single EU member)
Ñ- Iran 7-,0D0 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
ÑD Israel 7è,èè7 Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
Ñ7 Philippines Dè,-ÿº Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
Ñ Canada - ,707 Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
Ñ9 Argentina -Ñ,º90 Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
è0 Romania ÿ9,Ѻ Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
èº Sweden ÿ ,Ñ9- Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
èÑ-èè Netherlands ÿ-,7è Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
èÑ-èè Norway ÿ-,7è Nov Ñ0º0[Ñ]
èÿ Iraq ÿ-,D 0 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
è- Hungary ÿÿ,99D Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
èD Peru ÿÿ,è Feb Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
è7 South Africa ÿ-,ÿ7º Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
è Nigeria ÿè,èD0 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
è9 Australia ÿÑ,ÑD Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
ÿ0 Lebanon ÿº,-70 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
ÿº Czech Republic ÿº,èºÿ Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
ÿÑ United Arab Emirates è9,º00 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
ÿè Egypt èD,º9ÿ Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
ÿÿ Ukraine è-,ºè9 Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
ÿ- Spain èº,-è Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
ÿD Venezuela Ñ9,ÿ90 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
ÿ7 Kazakhstan Ñ ,Ñ9º Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
ÿ Colombia Ñ ,-7Ñ Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
ÿ9 Belgium ÑD, -0 Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
-0 Chile ÑD,00D Nov Ñ0º0[Ñ]
-º Morocco ÑÑ, - Nov Ñ0º0[Ñ]
-Ñ Kuwait ÑÑ,ÿÑ0 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
-è Qatar ÑÑ,ÿº0 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
-ÿ Austria ÑÑ,ºèÑ Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
-- Portugal Ñ0,º-D Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
-D Macau º ,7è0 Mar Ñ0º0[è]
-7 New Zealand º ,ÿ-Ñ Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
- Bulgaria ºD,7è7 Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
-9 Vietnam ºD,è00 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
D0 Pakistan ºD,º00 Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
Dº Croatia ºÿ,ºè9 Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
DÑ Jordan ºè,Dè7 Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
Dè Bangladesh º0,790 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
Dÿ Finland º0,ÿ0è Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
D- Tunisia 9,ÿDÑ Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
DD Trinidad and Tobago 9,D-9 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
D7 Bolivia ,7è9 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
D Uruguay 7,7ÿÿ Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
D9 Latvia 7,D0- Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
70 Lithuania D,D-0 Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
7º Greece D,ÿ-è Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
7Ñ Azerbaijan D,èè0 Dec Ñ0º0[º]
7è Iceland D,èºÑ Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
7ÿ Belarus ÿ,èÿè Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
7- Sri Lanka -,Dè0 Dec Ñ0º0 [º]
7D Costa Rica ÿ,DÑ7 Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
77 Paraguay ÿ,0 Ñ Dec Ñ0º0[º]
7 Cambodia è, ÿ0 Dec Ñ0º0 [º]
79 Myanmar è,7DÑ Dec Ñ0º0 [º]
0 El Salvador Ñ, è Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
º Honduras Ñ,7 Ñ Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
Ñ Estonia Ñ,-D Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
è Slovakia Ñ,ºDD Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
è Georgia Ñ,ÿºè Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
- Ireland Ñ,ºÑ0 Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
D Armenia º, º7 Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
7 Moldova º,7º Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
Kyrgyzstan º,70º Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
9 Cyprus º,ºÿº Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]
90 Slovenia º,0-- Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
9º Luxembourg ÿ- Jan Ñ0ºº[Ñ]
9Ñ Laos -7D Dec Ñ0º0[º]
9è Malta -ÿº Dec Ñ0º0[Ñ]

^
 c

    
!

"


The following is a list of outstanding forward swap contracts with the Federal Reserve, Bank of
Japan, People's Bank of China. They are not included in foreign exchange reserves, but can
bolster the reserves when credit is taken out, and reduce the reserves when credit expires. The
Fed has extended its credit deadline to Oct. è0, Ñ009 for those nations listed below. Japan's
deadlines are April è0, Ñ009, but may be extended. China's table list below are a lines of credit,
and does not show actual withdrawals, and are valid for è years.

  

   



! 
 
 
 2"  
 
º European Central Bank -ÑDÿ,º00 Nov Ñ00
Ñ Japan -97,000 Nov Ñ00
è United Kingdom --ÿ,è00 Nov Ñ009
ÿ Brazil -è0,000 Dec Ñ00
- Mexico -è0,000 Dec Ñ00
D Republic of Korea -è0,000 Dec Ñ00
7 Sweden -Ñ-,000 Nov Ñ00
Australia -Ѻ,D00 Nov Ñ00
9 Switzerland -Ñ0, 00 Nov Ñ00
º0 Denmark -º-,000 Nov Ñ00





! #$% 



  
   
2"  
  
º Republic of Korea -Ñ0,000 Dec Ñ00
Ñ Indonesia -ºÑ,000 Feb Ñ009
è Thailand -D,000 Dec Ñ00
è Philippines -D,000 Dec Ñ00
- Malaysia -è,000 Dec Ñ00
- India -è,000 Dec Ñ00

 !
  
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2"  
'  
º Hong Kong -Ñ00,000 Jan Ñ009
Ñ Republic of Korea -º 0,000 Dec Ñ00
è Singapore -º-0,000 Jul Ñ0º0
ÿ Indonesia -º00,000 Mar Ñ009
- Malaysia - 0,000 Feb Ñ009
D Argentina -70,000 Mar Ñ009
7 Belarus -Ñ0,000 Feb Ñ009