Physics 20 Formula Sheet

Waves: General Formulas E=Illuminance (lux) f = focal length

P=luminous Flux (lm) f = C/2
Period (T) – The time required to complete one cycle (one
D=distance (m) hi = Height of the Image
wavelength).
I= P ho = Height of the Object
4 do = Distance of the Object from
Frequency (f) – The number of cycles that occur in one
I=Light Intensity (cd) the Mirror
second.
di = Distance of the Image from
1 1   the Mirror
T  f  v T
f T T v
v f hi di hi d
M   and  i
v v ho do ho d o
 f 
f  1 1 1 1 1 
1

  or di     or
Standing Wave Formula f d o d1  f do 
Sound: n 1
V=d/t L 1 1
V=(331 +0.6T)m/s, where T=oC 2 do    
# beats = f1 – f2 Where n= harmonic  f d i 
Stretched Strings: 1st harmonic : L=λ/2
2nd harmonic : L=λ, 3rd harmonic: L=(3 λ)/2 Sign Conventions for Concave
TL Mirrors/Convex Lenses
v T= Tension, L=Length, m=mass Object Position relative to C do di f ho hi
m Beyond + + + + -
Closed Air Columns: f 1 = L2 On
1st harmonic: L= λ/4 f 2 L1 + + + + -
3rd harmonic: L=3/4 λ Mach # = Speed of Object In front, before f + + + + -
5th harmonic: L=5/4 λ Speed of Sound On f NO IMAGE PRODUCED
Open Air Columns: In front of both C and f + - + + +
1st harmonic: L= λ/2 f1 T1
2nd harmonic: L= λ
 Sign Conventions for Convex
f2 T2
3rd harmonic: L=3 λ/2 Mirrors/Concave Lenses
T  2 m
Erect, Smaller, & Virtual do di f ho hi
Image. Virtual focal Point
k m=mass, k=spring constant + - - + +
Doppler:
 Vsound  Vd  Vd= Velocity of Detector, Thermodynamics: 1ml H2O = 1 g H2O
f f  Vs= Velocity of Source.
Kelvin = 273 + oC 1L H2O = 1 kg H2O
 Vsound  Vs  Q= mCT, C=specific heat
Vd + towards – away Q=mHfus Q=mHvap (Latent Heat Formulas)
Vs – towards + away
Heat of a System(∆H) = m1c1T  m2 c 2 T  ...
Light: When Two Objects share a final Temperature:
N=C/V
N=absolute index of refraction m1C1T1  m 2 C 2 T2
C= speed of light 3.00 x 108 m/s Tf 
V=velocity of light in the media m1C1  m 2 C 2

Snell’s Law of Refraction: Linear Expansion Formula

n2 sin 1 V1 1
  
n1 sin  2 V2 2 L  Lo T L f  Lo  L
∆L is the change in length + when expansion
 n  sin  2  α is the coefficient of linear expansion in oC-1 - when contraction
 1  sin 1  2  ∆T is the change in temperature in oC
 n1 
 n  sin  1  Volume Expansion Formula
 2  sin 1  1 
 n2  V   Vo T V f  Vo  V
 n  sin  2  ∆V is the change in volume + when expansion
n1   2  β is the coefficient of volumetric expansion in oC-1 - when contraction
 sin  1  ∆T is the change in temperature in oC
When E = E2
I1 I 2 1


d 12 d 22
E1d12 = E2d22 When I1 = I2

E= P M = magnification
4d2 C = radius of curvature