CHPTR 3

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CHEMICAL FORMULAE
AND
EQUATION
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RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS
Relative atomic mass (Ar)of an element:
the average mass of one atom of the element when compared with
1/12 of the mass of one atom of carbon-12
Relative atomic mass of an element=

The average mass of one atom of an element
1/12 x the mass of an atom of carbon-12
RELATIVE MOLECULAR MASS
Relative molecular mass,Mr of a molecule is :
the average mass of the molecule when compared with 1/12 of the mass of
one atom of carbon-12
Relative molecular mass of a molecule=

The average mass of one atom of one molecule
1/12 x the mass of an atom of carbon-12
RELATIVE MOLECULAR MASS
Molecular substance Relative molecular mass
Hydrogen gas,H2 2 x Ar of H = 2X1 =2
Ammonia,NH3 Ar of N + 3(Ar of H) =
14+3(1)=17
RELATIVE FORMULA MASS
Ionic substance Relative formula mass
Sodium chloride,NaCl Ar of Na + Ar of Cl = 23+35.5=58.5
Hydrated magnesium Ar og Mg + Ar of S + 4(Ar of O)
sulphate, +14(Ar of H)+7(Ar of
MgSO4.7H2O O)=24+32+4(16)+14(1)+7(16)=246
THE MOLE AND
THE
NUMBER OF
PARTICLES
LETS RECALL
BACK!!
MOLE
A mole is an amount of substance
that contains as many particles as
the number of atom in exactly 12g
of carbon-12
MOLE
1 dozen cookies = 12 cookies
1 mole of cookies = 6.02 X 1023 cookies
1 dozen cars = 12 cars
1 mole of cars = 6.02 X 1023 cars
1 dozen Al atoms = 12 Al atoms
1 mole of Al atoms = 6.02 X 1023 atoms
AVOGADRO CONSTANT,NA
Defined as the number of particles
in one mole of a substance
1 mole of substance contains

6.02x1023 particles
AMEDO AVOGADRO
EXAMPLE
A closed glass bottle contains 0.5mol of
oxygen gas, O2
a)how many oxygen molecules, O2 are

there in the bottle?
b)how many oxygen atoms are there in the

botlle?
(avogadro constant:6.02 x 10 23)
SOLUTION
a) the number of oxygen molecules, O2 in 0.5 mol
of gas
= 0.5 mol X 6.02 X10 23 mol-1
=3.01 x 10 23
b) Each oxygen molecule, O2 consists of two

oxygen atoms. Therefore, the number of oxygen
atoms in 0.5 mol of gas
=the number of oxygen molecules x 2
=3.01 x 10 23 x 2
=6.02 x 10 23
EXAMPLE
Find the number of moles of molecules in a sample
containing 9.03 x 10 23 molecules of carbon dioxide,
CO2. (avogadro constant:6.02 x 10 23
Solution:
The number of moles of 9.03 x 10 23 carbon
dioxide, CO2 molecules
= 9.03 x 10 23
6.02 x 10 23 mol -1
= 1.5 mol
MOLE VS NA
X NA
No. of moles No. of particles
÷NA
MOLAR MASS
Molar mass of a substance is defined as the
mass of one mole of the substance
MOLAR MASS
Element Relative mass Mass of 1 Molar mass
mol
Helium 4 4g 4gmol-1
Sodium 23 23g 23gmol-1
Water,H2O 2(1)+16=18 18g 18gmol-1
Ammonia,NH3 14+3(1)=17 17g 17gmol-1
Sodium 23+35.5=58.5 58.5g 58.5gmol-1
Chloride,NaCl
NO.OF MOLES vs
MASS OF A SUBSTANCES
X Molar Mass
No. of moles Mass (g)
÷Molar Mass
VOLUME OF GAS
The molar volume of any gas is :
-STP (same temperature and
pressure)22.4dm3
-room condition is 24dm3
VOLUME OF GAS
X molar volume
No. of moles Volume of gas (dm3)
÷molar volume
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN:
X NA X Molar mass
No.of No.of moles Mass(g)

particles
÷Molar mass
÷NA
X Molar ÷ Molar
volume volume
Volume of
gas (dm3)
CHEMICAL FORMULA
Chemical formula is a representation
of a chemical substance using letters
for atoms and subscript numbers to
show the numbers of each type of
atoms that are present in the
substance
CHEMICAL FORMULA
The subscript 2 shows
The letter ‘H’ that there are two
shows the symbol hydrogen atoms in a
of hydrogen atom H2 molecule of hydrogen
gas, H2
The letter ‘H’

shows the symbol
of the elements There is no subscript
H2O here.this means there is
only 1 oxygen atom atom
in a water molecule
The subscript 2
shows the number of
hydrogen atomss
EMPIRICAL FORMULA
The empirical formula of a compound gives
the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of
each element in the compound
The example:
C6H12O6
6:12:6
1:2:1 -simplified
EMPIRICAL FORMULA
Example :
A sample of aluminium oxide contains

1.08g of aluminium oxide contains 1.08g
of aluminium and 0.96g of oxygen. What is
the empirical formula of this compound?
(RAM:O, 16;Al,27)
EMPIRICAL FORMULA
Element Al O
Mass of element (g) 1.08 0.96
Number of moles 1.08/27 0.96/16

=0.04 =0.06
Ratio of moles 0.04/0.04 0.06/0.04

=1 =1.5
Simplest ratio of moles 2 3
MOLECULAR FORMULA
Molecular formula of a compound gives us the
actual number of atoms of each element that
are present in a molecule of a compound
MOLECULAR FORMULA=(EMPIRICAL FORMULA)n
MOLECULAR FORMULA
Compound Empirical Molecular n
formula formula
Water H2O (H2O)1=H2O 1
Ethene CH2 (CH2)2=C2H4 2
Glucose CH2O (CH20)6=C6H12O6 6
IONIC FORMULA
Cation Formula Anion Formula
Sodium ion Na+ Cloride ion Cl-
Potassium ion K+ Bromide ion Br-
Zinc ion Zn2+ Iodide ion I-
Magnesium ion Mg2+ Oxide ion O2-
Calcium ion Ca2+ Hydroxide ion OH-
Iron(II) ion Fe2+ Sulphate ion SO42-
Iron (III) ion Fe3+ Carbonate ion CO32-
Copper (II) ion Cu2+ Nitrate ion NO3-
Ammonium ion NH+4 Phosphate ion PO43-
IONIC FORMULA
Name of compound: Zinc Bromide
Cation: Anion:
Zinc ion. Zn2+ Bromide ion, Br-
Positive charges: 1x(+2)=+2

Negative charges:2x(-1)=-2
Total charges: =0
Formula of compound: ZnBr2
NAMING OF CHEMICAL COMPOUND
Cation Anion Name of ionic
compound
Sodium ion Chloride ion Sodium chloride
Calcium ion Carbonate ion Calcium carbonate
Barium ion Sulphate ion Barium sulphate
Fe2+ ion
Iron (II) choride

Iron(III) chloride
Fe3+ ion
‘ide’ is
HCl-Hydrogen chloride added to the
name of the
HBr-Hydrogen bromide
second
element
CO – Carbon monoxide
CO2-Carbon dioxide
SO3-Sulphur trioxide
CHEMICAL EQUATION
Chemical equation is description
of a chemical reaction
C (s) + O2(g) CO2(g)
Reactant Product
CHEMICAL EQUATION
C (s) + O2(g) CO2(g)

to give
reacts carbon
solid oxygen
with dioxide
carbon gas gas
WRITING CHEMICAL EQUATION
Chemical equation must be :
• Balanced
•Always be the same number of atoms of
each element on each side of the equation
WRITING CHEMICAL EQUATION
1
Write the equation in words
●
The reactants are written on the left whereas the products are written on the right
●
Write the correct chemical formula for each reactant and

2
●
product
Balance the equation

●
3 You just need to adjust the coefficients in front of the chemical formulae and not the
●
subscripts in the formula
4 ●
Put the state symbols in the equation

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kimia.cikgupaatz.

Relative atomic mass of an element=

Relative molecular mass of a molecule=

1 mole of substance contains

a)how many oxygen molecules, O2 are

b)how many oxygen atoms are there in the

b) Each oxygen molecule, O2 consists of two

No. of moles No. of particles

No. of moles Mass (g)

No. of moles Volume of gas (dm3)

No.of No.of moles Mass(g)

The letter ‘H’

A sample of aluminium oxide contains

Mass of element (g) 1.08 0.96

Number of moles 1.08/27 0.96/16

Ratio of moles 0.04/0.04 0.06/0.04

Simplest ratio of moles 2 3

MOLECULAR FORMULA=(EMPIRICAL FORMULA)n

Ethene CH2 (CH2)2=C2H4 2

Glucose CH2O (CH20)6=C6H12O6 6

Positive charges: 1x(+2)=+2

Formula of compound: ZnBr2

Iron (II) choride

C (s) + O2(g) CO2(g)

C (s) + O2(g) CO2(g)

Write the correct chemical formula for each reactant and

Balance the equation

subscripts in the formula

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