1 Akshit Agarwal

Math Studies Project

Statement of Task
India has five major metropolitan cities namely, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Bangalore and
Jaipur. All these cities have varying temperature, atmospheric pressure, Humidity and Wind
Speed.

The government of India is looking for a city in which they can open a new training centre
for upcoming pilots. For this they are looking at these following variables- temperature,
atmospheric pressure, Humidity and Wind Speed which will help them decide the best city
to open it in accordance with the ideal conditions. Ideal conditions that are specified by the
aviation authority of India should be strictly followed before they can propose to make a
training centre because amateur pilots are vulnerable and are to be taught in conditions
that do not pose a threat to their life and anyone around them. For this reason they have
narrowed down to these 5 cities, and i will decide which of these cities is best suited for this
training station by looking at all the above variables.

A variety of Statistical techniques shall be applied to analyse the collected data. The
Standard deviations for each of the sets of data will be calculate. The mean and median of
the data will also be calculated. Corelation, testing mean and normal probability will also be
used to come to a final conclusion as to which of the genders is more healthier i.e. less
prone to heart attacks.

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Definition of Variables
Given below are theoretical explanations for the variables that shall be used during the
course of this study-

1. Height- Height is the measurement of vertical distance, but has two meanings in
common use. It can either indicate how "tall" something is, or how "high up" it is.
For example "The height of the building is 50 m" or "The height of the airplane is
10,000 m". When used to describe how high something like an airplane or mountain
peak is from sea level, height is sometimes called altitude. It is most commonly
measured in metres or feet.
2. Atmospheric pressure- Atmospheric pressure is the force per unit area exerted
against a surface by the weight of air above that surface in the Earth's atmosphere.
In most circumstances atmospheric pressure is closely approximated by the
hydrostatic pressure caused by the weight of air above the measurement point. It is
most commonly measured in kg/cm².
3. Temperature- Temperature is a physical property that quantitatively expresses the
common notions of hot and cold. Objects of low temperature are cold, while various
degrees of higher temperatures are referred to as warm or hot. It is most commonly
measured in ⁰C
4. Humidity- Humidity is the amount of water vapour contained in a given volume of
air. There are 3 kinds of humidity namely absolute humidity, relative humidity, and
specific humidity. I will be studying the relative humidity that is the amount of
humidity present in the air at all times. It is most commonly measured in % of
moisture in relation to the air.
5. Wind speed- Wind speed is the speed of wind, the movement of air or other gases in
an atmosphere. Wind speed has always meant the movement of air in an outside
environment, but the speed of air movement inside is important in many areas,
including weather forecasting, aircraft and maritime operations, building and civil
engineering. It is most commonly measured in knots or Km/hr.

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Data collection
The data was collected from various websites on the internet and through the
meteorological department of India records. Given below is the data represented in
tabular form-

The change in atmospheric pressure with the increase in height

height atmospheric pressure- kg/cm²- BANGALOR

(ft) JAIPUR MUMBAI DELHI KOLKATA E
1.125
0 1.0333 1.1702 9 1.1644 1.145
500 1.015 1.167 1.112 1.157 1.138
1,000 0.996 1.156 1.103 1.142 1.126
1,500 0.978 1.15 1.086 1.138 1.119
2,000 0.96 1.145 1.034 1.122 1.11
2,500 0.943 1.137 0.992 1.119 1.097
3,000 0.926 1.131 0.973 1.092 1.082
3,500 0.909 1.126 0.954 1.075 1.069
4,000 0.892 1.119 0.938 1.068 1.052
4,500 0.876 1.108 0.925 1.059 1.024
5,000 0.86 1.09 0.92 1.04 0.97

The change in temperature with the increase in height

height Temperature ⁰c - MUMBA KOLKAT BANGALOR

(ft) JAIPUR I DELHI A E
0 45 28 42 33 37
500 40.8 25.6 37.8 30.1 33.8
1,000 34.3 22.8 33.5 26.8 30.1
1,500 29.6 19.7 28.9 23.2 26.3
2,000 23.8 16.2 24.6 19.5 23.1
2,500 18.7 12.9 20.6 15.3 19.6
3,000 14.5 9.5 15.7 12.9 16.4
3,500 9.1 7 11.2 9.4 12.5
4,000 3.9 4.3 6.9 5.7 9.7
4,500 -4 1.1 2.1 1.6 5.2
5,000 -9.4 -1.2 -3.2 -2.8 1.8

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The change in humidity with the increase in height

height Humidity (%) -

(ft) JAIPUR MUMBAI DELHI KOLKATA BANGALORE
0 87% 92% 85% 84% 54%
500 83.2 88.9 81.3 79.9 50
1,000 76.8 86.7 73.6 72.2 44.4
1,500 72.5 83.3 67.9 68.3 38.9
2,000 68.6 79.1 60 60.7 32.5
2,500 61.1 75.5 53.8 57.1 27.7
3,000 54.7 72.8 48.6 53.8 22.9
3,500 48.9 70 44.1 50 19.1
4,000 40.4 67.4 41.2 47.6 16.2
4,500 34.3 65 36.9 43.5 12.8
5,000 29 63.3 35 39 8.3

The change in wind speed with the increase in height

height Wind Speed (km/hr) - KOLKAT BANGALOR

(ft) JAIPUR MUMBAI DELHI A E
0 5 7 4 9 17
500 5.4 7.5 4.2 9.8 19.1
1,000 5.9 8 4.3 10.4 20.5
1,500 6.2 8.6 6 11.5 23.2
2,000 6.5 9 6.6 12.6 25.4
2,500 7 9.9 6.8 13.4 28.3
3,000 7.4 10.6 6.9 15.1 29.7
3,500 7.9 11.4 7 16.3 31.8
4,000 8.4 12.8 7.3 16.9 33.6
4,500 9 13.9 7.7 18.2 35.9
5,000 10 15 8 19 36

Graphical Representation of Data-

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The collected data was subsequently represented in the form of line graphs so as to better
observe and appreciate the trends in the values of the variables at the different heights.

Jaipur
Graph 1

Based on the observation from the above graph, the wind speed in Jaipur gradually
increases with the increase in height above m.s.l.

Graph 2

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Based on the observation from the above graph, the humidity in Jaipur decreases with the
increase in height above m.s.l.

Graph 3

Based on the observation from the above graph, the temperature in Jaipur gradually
decreases with the increase in height above m.s.l.

Graph 4

Based on the observation from the above graph, the atmospheric pressure in Jaipur
decreases with the increase in Height above m.s.l.

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Mumbai
Graph 5

Based on the observation from the above graph, the wind speed in Mumbai gradually
increases with the increase in height above m.s.l.

Graph 6

Based on the observation from the above graph, the humidity in Mumbai decreases
gradually with the increase in height above m.s.l.

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Graph 7

Based on the observation from the above graph, the temperature in Mumbai gradually
decreases with the increase in height above m.s.l.

Graph 8

Based on the observation from the above graph, the atmospheric pressure in Mumbai
gradually decreases with the increase in Height above m.s.l.

Delhi
Graph 9

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Based on the observation from the above graph, the wind speed in Delhi gradually increases
with the increase in height above m.s.l.

Graph 10

Based on the observation from the above graph, the humidity in Delhi decreases gradually
with the increase in height above m.s.l.

Graph 11

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Based on the observation from the above graph, the temperature in Delhi gradually
decreases with the increase in height above m.s.l.

Graph 12

Based on the observation from the above graph, the atmospheric pressure in Delhi
decreases with the increase in Height above m.s.l.

Kolkata

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Graph 13

Based on the observation from the above graph, the wind speed in Kolkata gradually
increases with the increase in height above m.s.l.

Graph 14

Based on the observation from the above graph, the humidity in Kolkata decreases gradually
with the increase in height above m.s.l.

Graph 15

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Based on the observation from the above graph, the temperature in Kolkata gradually
decreases with the increase in height above m.s.l.

Graph 16

Based on the observation from the above graph, the atmospheric pressure in Kolkata
decreases with the increase in Height above m.s.l.

Bangalore

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Graph 17

Based on the observation from the above graph, the wind speed in Bangalore gradually
increases with the increase in height above m.s.l.

Graph 18

Based on the observation from the above graph, the humidity in Bangalore decreases
gradually with the increase in height above m.s.l.

Graph 19

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Based on the observation from the above graph, the temperature in Bangalore gradually
decreases with the increase in height above m.s.l.

Graph 20

Based on the observation from the above graph, the atmospheric pressure in Bangalore
decreases with the increase in Height above m.s.l.

Data Analysis
For the purpose of analysing the collected data, 5 Statistical processes were used, namely-

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 Mean
 Median
 Standard Deviation
 Normal Probability
 Testing mean

Calculation 1 -Mean
Jaipur-

Wind speed-

5.4

5.9

6.2

6.5

7.4

7.9

8.4

10

Total- 78.7

No. of variables- 11

78.7
Mean=
11

= 7.15

Humidity-

Mean= 59.68

Temperature-

Mean= 18.75

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Atmospheric pressure-

Mean= 0.94

Mumbai-

Wind speed-

Mean= 10.7

Humidity-

Mean= 76.72

Temperature-

Mean= 13.26

Atmospheric pressure-

Mean= 1.13

Delhi-

Wind speed-

Mean= 6.25

Humidity-

Mean= 57.03

Temperature-

Mean= 20

Atmospheric pressure-

Mean= 1.01

Kolkata-

Wind speed-

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Mean= 13.84

Humidity-

Mean= 59.64

Temperature-

Mean= 15.88

Atmospheric pressure-

Mean= 1.06

Bangalore-

Wind speed-

Mean= 27.32

Humidity-

Mean= 29.70

Temperature-

Mean= 19.59

Atmospheric pressure-

Mean= 1.08

Calculation 2 – Standard Deviation

Standard Deviation is the measure of the deviation between the scores and the mean in any
data sample. In other words, it is a measure of the dispersal of the data. For the purposes of
this investigation, Standard Deviation was obtained in order to judge the extent of variation
in the 3 variables.

Standard deviation is manually calculated using the formula-

s = √∑(x - ¯x¯) / n,

where‘s’ is Standard Deviation, x is any score, ¯x¯ is the mean of the distribution and n is the
total number of scores.

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1. Standard deviation of Decrease in Temperature with height in Jaipur-

Temperature ⁰c
height (ft) - JAIPUR
0 45
500 41
1,000 34
1,500 30
2,000 24
2,500 19
3,000 15
3,500 9.1
4,000 3.9
4,500 -4
5,000 -9.4

S= 17.89409755%

2. Standard deviation of Decrease in Temperature with height in Mumbai-

S= 10.00682494%

3. Standard deviation of Decrease in Temperature with height in Delhi-

S= 14.86609932%

4. Standard deviation of Decrease in Temperature with height in Kolkata-

S= 11.78531444%

5. Standard deviation of Decrease in Temperature with height in Bangalore-

S= 11.63893935%

6. Standard deviation of Decrease in Humidity with height in Jaipur-

S= 19.8412106%

7. Standard deviation of Decrease in Humidity with height in Mumbai-

S= 09.9835956%

8. Standard deviation of Decrease in Humidity with height in Delhi-

S= 17.7839969%

9. Standard deviation of Decrease in Humidity with height in Kolkata-

S= 14.8415204%

10. Standard deviation of Decrease in Humidity with height in Bangalore-

S= 15.4905426%

11. Standard deviation of Decrease in atmospheric pressure with height in Jaipur-

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S= 0.057501138%

12. Standard deviation of Decrease in atmospheric pressure with height in Mumbai-

S= 0.024742088%

13. Standard deviation of Decrease in atmospheric pressure with height in Delhi-

S= 0.079950866%

14. Standard deviation of Decrease in atmospheric pressure with height in Kolkata-

S= 0.04232343%

15. Standard deviation of Decrease in atmospheric pressure with height in Bangalore-

S= 0.053211072%

16. Standard deviation of Increase in wind speed with height in Jaipur-

S= 1.559720255%

17. Standard deviation of Increase in wind speed with height in Mumbai-

S= 2.671056992%

18. Standard deviation of Increase in wind speed with height in Delhi-

S= 1.442472625%

19. Standard deviation of Increase in wind speed with height in Kolkata-

S= 3.484615539%

20. Standard deviation of Increase in wind speed with height in Bangalore-

S= 6.755267305%

Comment- From the data above, we can clearly come to the conclusion that Jaipur has the
most deviation in its Temperature, Wind speed, atmospheric pressure and humidity
followed by Delhi> Bangalore> Kolkata> Mumbai respectively. Lesser the fluctuations in
these variables the more stable the environment in that area is which means, according to
this data, Mumbai has the least fluctuations and hence it should be considered when
making the final decision.

Calculation 3- Modelling

Modelling is the process by which data of two different variables is used in order to predict
the data that follows. This is done by deriving the correlation between the 2 variables and
then deriving an equation which can be solved using the graphics calculator. The Correlation
lies between -1 and 1, with a value lying closer to -1 indicative of a strong negative
correlation between the two sets of variables, a value lying closer to 1 indicative of a strong
positive correlation between the variables and a value lying closer to 0 indicative of either a
weak negative (if value is negative) or weak positive (if value is positive) correlation between
them. The better the correlation, the better is the chance of getting accurate results which
will help us predict which the best city is for the aviation ministry to set up a new pilot
training centre.

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i. The atmospheric pressure at 6000m in Jaipur

Therefore, y= .82

ii. The atmospheric pressure at 6000m in Mumbai

Quad reg, r2= -0.987079955

y= 1.07

iii. The atmospheric pressure at 6000m in Delhi

Quad reg, r2= -0.97957128
y= .87

iv. The atmospheric pressure at 6000m in Kolkata

Quad reg, r2= -0.98719661
y= 1.00

v. The atmospheric pressure at 6000m in Bangalore

Quad reg, r2= -0.9775914678
y= 0.91

vi. The temperature at 6000m in Jaipur

Lin reg, r2= -0.9973729099
y= -18.96

vii. The temperature at 6000m in Mumbai

Lin reg, r2= -0.998129718
y= -7.83

viii. The temperature at 6000m in Delhi

Lin reg, r2= -0.9993805455
y= -11.35

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ix. The temperature at 6000m in Kolkata

Lin reg, r2= -0.9980838837
y= -8.96

x. The temperature at 6000m in Bangalore

Lin reg, r2= -0.9993786381
y= -4.96

xi. The humidity at 6000m in Jaipur

Lin reg, r2= -0.9934505278
y= 17.9%

xii. The humidity at 6000m in Mumbai

Lin reg, r2= -0.9926541918
y= 55.7%

xiii. The humidity at 6000m in Delhi

Quad reg, r2= -0.9954535517
y= 29.2%

xiv. The humidity at 6000m in Kolkata

Quad reg, r2= -.9950514636
y= 35.6%

xv. The humidity at 6000m in Bangalore

Quad reg, r2= -0.9975059469
y= 2.9%

xvi. The wind speed at 6000m in Jaipur

Quad reg, r2= 0.994116362
y= 11.2

xvii. The wind speed at 6000m in Mumbai

Quad reg, r2= 0.9979807366
y= 17.8

xviii. The wind speed at 6000m Delhi

Quad reg, r2= 0.9673735359
y= 8.1

xix. The wind speed at 6000m in Kolkata

Lin reg, r2= 0.9935793004
y= 21.1

xx. The wind speed at 6000m in Bangalore

Quad reg, r2= 0.9943647669
y= 39.7

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Comment- From the above modelled values we can safely conclude that most of these
values are correct as the r2 is almost all the time above .99, for the ones it is not the value
may be a little varying in real life. This model values of the variables will be used to predict
which of the cities is best suited for the project by comparing it to the ideal values.

Calculation 4- Probability
Ideal conditions specified by the aviation authority of India to set up a Pilot training
centre.

Temperatur Wind speed Atmospheric Humidity

e pressure
0m 32-33o c 9-10 km/hr 1-1.2 kg/cm² 65-75 %
3000 m 14-15 o c 14-16 km/hr 0.9-1.1 kg/cm² 45-55 %
6000 m -6- (-9) o c 21-22 km/hr 0.8-1 kg/cm² 30.40 % 1. The

probability of a city having its temperature between 32-33 oc at 0m.

Temperatures of the cities at 0m-
 Jaipur- 45
 Mumbai- 28
 Delhi- 42
 Kolkata- 33
 Bangalore- 37

Therefore the probability is 1/5 and the city is Kolkata.

2. The probability of a city having its temperature between 16- 17 oc at 3000m.

The probability is 1/5 and the city is Jaipur.

3. The probability of a city having its temperature between 16- 17 oc at 3000m.

The probability is 2/5 and the city is Kolkata and Mumbai.
4. The probability of a city having its wind speed between 9-10 km/hr at 0m.
The probability is 1/5 and the city is Kolkata.

5. The probability of a city having its wind speed between 14-16 km/hr at 3000m.
The probability is 1/5 and the city is Kolkata.

6. The probability of a city having its wind speed between 21-22 km/hr at 6000m.
The probability is 1/5 and the city is Kolkata.

7. The probability of a city having its atmospheric pressure between 1-1.2 kg/cm² at
0m.
The probability is 5/5 and all the cities are included.

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8. The probability of a city having its atmospheric pressure between 0.9-1.1 kg/cm²
at 3000m.
The probability is 4/5 and all the cities except for Mumbai are included.

9. The probability of a city having its atmospheric pressure between 0.8-1 kg/cm² at
6000m.
The probability is 4/5 and all the cities except for Mumbai are included.

10. The probability of a city having its humidity between 65- 75% at 0m.
The probability is 0/5 and no city is included, but Bangalore and Kolkata are
close.

11. The probability of a city having its humidity between 45- 55% at 3000m.
The probability is 3/5 and the cities are Jaipur, Delhi and Kolkata.

12. The probability of a city having its humidity between 30- 40% at 6000m.
The probability is 2/5 and the cities are Delhi and Kolkata.

Conclusion
Having found out all the data above, all that can be said is that all these cities are very
competitive contenders and that the aviation centre can be opened in any one of them
without much worries. But, since the objective of the project is to find the city which is best
to open the training centre in i will analyse my results.

Higher temperatures than the ones recommended can cause many disorders such fever,
increased temperature of plane which can lead to problems. Lower atmospheric pressure
than the ones recommended can cause feeling of dizziness and can lead to less energy
intake by the body and hence can lead to the pilot losing control or making mistakes. Higher
humidity can cause sweating, fever, problems in the propeller and eyesight being blurred
because of excess cloud formation. Very High wind speed can cause unpleasant side effects
and can sometimes lead to storms, typhoons etc, which can destroy houses and even kill
humans (But the pilots do not have to worry about this because none of these areas are
susceptible to hurricanes and storms.)

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From the data seen above Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore and Jaipur are far from being in the
perfect conditions range while Kolkata fulfils almost all of the ideal condition requirements.
Therefore according to me Kolkata is the best city to open the Pilot Training institute in
because of the favourable conditions in temperature, atmospheric pressure and humidity.

However there are sources of error with regards to this investigation that must be taken
into account. A large amount of the calculations concerned with this study were performed
using technology, either a Graphical Display Calculator or an MS Excel spreadsheet.
Therefore, the accuracy of the findings is dependent to an extent on the accuracy and
integrity of the software used. The data collected concerning the various variables, while
taken from reasonably reliable sources, can possibly contain some margin of error as well,
which automatically results in possible errors in the findings as well.

Lastly, it must be kept in mind that determining which gender is healthier to reduce the
occurance of heart attacks is largely effected by other factors as well such as smoking,
stress, political and social factors and the environment as well around the city. Therefore,
while there is no doubt a clear relationship between hese variables, the existence of other
more significant factors that affect the economy can scarcely be overlooked.

Bibliography
1. Books

Mathematics. Australia: Haess & Harris, 2008.

2. Data sorces

Mr. Yash Patel- Researcher, Meteorological Department of India

Mr. Aman Sanghavi- Aviation authority of India

3. Others

Microsoft Excel

Texas instruments- GDC

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