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The term “anemia” is used in medicine to define the incapacity of the red blood cells
of carrying properly the oxygen through the human body. This blood disorder occurs because
the hemoglobin molecule is unable to carry and release the oxygen molecules, as result of
certain more serious diseases or because of factors generating an alteration in the protein
structure of the molecule and/or a diminishing in the number of erythrocytes in the body.
The red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow in cooperation with the rest of
the “thesaurus” organs (kidneys, lungs, pancreas-spleen, liver, heart). However, in order that
they should reach maturity and be released into the blood flow, there is a number of
conditions that must be complied with, such as:
an optimum level of iron in the body. Iron is a vital component of the hemoglobin
molecule, the organic substance diffusing the indrawn oxygen through the body.
Consequently, iron deficiencies are one of the main causes of anemia;
a good condition of the kidneys. The kidneys secrete erythropoietin, the hormone
involved in differentiating and proliferating the erythrocytes. Renal insufficiencies or
severe renal disorders trigger a diminishing in the number of the erythrocytes;
a functional balance between the activity of the kidneys, of the bone marrow and
of the nutrients existing in the body;
Iron deficiency anemia (the most frequent form of anemia; the iron deficiencies
affect the protein structure of the hemoglobin and the way it carries the oxygen to the
tissues). Anemia caused by heavy hemorrhages: heavier menstrual flow, lesions or
internal lesion-causing diseases such as gastro-intestinal ulcer, colorectal cancer, etc.;
Anemia associated to chronic diseases that have generated it: a very frequent form
with the cancer patients or with patients with severe infections; usually, it occurs in
long-lasting diseases;
Anemia caused by renal dysfunctions or disorders: the renal disorders diminish the
erythropoietin level in the blood, the hormone involved in the production of red blood
cells;
Anemia caused by diseases of the bone marrow (the diseases of the bone marrow
decrease the number of the erythrocytes in the body, as is the case of leukemia or other
diseases of the bone marrow);
Aplastic anemia (caused by viral infections damaging the structure of the bone
marrow and reducing the production of red blood cells, leukocytes and thrombocytes);
Hemolytic anemia (a form of anemia where the red-blood cells lose their functions
because of a strong process of hemolysis; the whole process is defined by the
premature death of the erythrocytes or by their increased mortality rate in comparison
with their production;
Treatment
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