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1. ³Optical Transport Network (?)´ A technology walkthrough (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 1
2. What is ³OTN´? As per ITU-T, it¶s G.709 standard ± a.k.a Digital Wrapper (DW) ± a.k.a
Optical Transport Hierarchy (OTH) standard In the industry/telco field? ± OTN ± POT
(Packet Optical Transport) packet (MPLS-TP?)+ TDM (SDH/PDH) + WDM + ROADM
± Optical Packet Transport layer (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 2
3. Why OTN? IP/MPLS core/backbone networks were originally designed and meant for
IP services (ex: L3 VPN) They are not designed for bulk transports (ex: wholesale L2
pipes) It¶s complex and inefficient to use IP, IGP, LDP, LSP etc. to transport L1 and L2
bulk data Therefore, an OTN is required to address; ± L1, L2 bulk transport and
Optical Virtual Private Network (OVPN) ± To make IP/MPLS backbone an overlay
network with OTN addressing the resiliency and network high availability requirements
However, today¶s industry practice is to move to OTN if the bandwidth requirements are
40Gbps and above (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 3
4. Main functionality provided by an OTN Transparent transport of different optical clients
Interconnection of different administrative domains Optical channel networking and
protection Performance monitoring and alarm supervision Network management (c)
Anuradha Udunuwara 4
5. DWDM Increase fiber bandwidth Lacks protection and management capabilities
strict network-design limitations imposed (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 5
6. SONET/SDH protection and management capabilities are inherent (c) Anuradha
Udunuwara 6
7. OTN aim Combine the ± Benefits of SONET/SDH (OAM&P) and ± Bandwidth
expandability of DWDM Includes FEC (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 7
8. Pre-OTN WDM Vs. OTN Pre-OTN WDM OTN simple transport networking ± solution
Bandwidth Management enabler of multiplication by means WDM network of WDM
transport First transmission Point-to-point technology in which application that can
each stakeholder gets transport STM-N/OC-N its own (ODUk) as a service connection
monitoring (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 8
9. Following technologies/standards have nothing to do with OTN but are mostly confused.
IP/MPLS PBB/PBT MPLS-TP Actually the above technologies address the same
thing. (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 9
10. Non-IP network layer control ASON (Automatic Switched Optical Network) GMPLS
(Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching) GMPLS µ starting point is based on the IP
view of the transport plane: one physical layer ± Fibers are the reference points ±
Equipment are black boxes identified by switching capabilities ± Topology and link state
information distributed to all equipment independent of network layer the equipment
operates on (³peering´) GMPLS is a tool box which can be used to support ASON¶s
view of the transport plane (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 10
11. ASON auto provisions the required BW(ex: another Ȝ) (o.w manual provisioning)
Without ASON With ASON traffic grows The client equipment the customer
analyses traffic request the establishment reports of a new connection and he contacts
the network sends a connection setup provider request the job order moves on the
operator looks for a route setup request is the route is found and the acknowledged
network is re-configured the new connection is the new connection is established!
operational! (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 11
12. ASON (ITU-T) Alternative/supplement for/to NMS based connection management
ASON does not change transport plane functionality Signaling between transport
equipment for network discovery Each network element knows the network topology
(c) Anuradha Udunuwara 12
13. The Optical Layer As the Transmission Medium The optical layer is connection
oriented (circuit switched), Lightpaths are easy to be established. Lightpaths can be
seen as LSPs between ingress and egress OXCs. Multiprotocol Lambda Switching
(MPȜS) was defined as a control plane for optical networks. MPLS and MPȜS were
then unified and called Generalized MPLS (GMPLS, RFC 3945) (c) Anuradha
Udunuwara 13
14. GMPLS (IETF) Extends MPLS to provide the control plane (signaling and routing) for
devises that switch in any of these domains: packet, time, wavelength and fiber. This
common control plane simplify network OAM & automatic e2e Provisioning (c)
Anuradha Udunuwara 14
15. Related / associated equipment/standards/technologies Equipment OADM (optical
add-drop multiplexer) ROADM (Reconfigurable OADM) Standards/technologies
xWDM (photonics layer) NG-SONET/SDH (EoSDH) (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 15
16. OADM is a device used in WDM systems for multiplexing and routing different
channels of light into or out of a single mode fiber An OADM with remotely
reconfigurable optical switches in the middle stage is called a ROADM (c) Anuradha
Udunuwara 16
17. ADM vs. OADM ADM OADM function in the function in the photonic traditional
SONET/SDH domain under WDM networks Used by conventional DWDM networks (c)
Anuradha Udunuwara 17
18. ROADM ability to remotely switch traffic from a WDM system at the wavelength layer.
planning of entire bandwidth assignment need not be carried out during initial
deployment of a system. The configuration can be done as and when required without
affecting traffic already passing the ROADM. ROADM allows for remote configuration
and reconfiguration. Included in most of the xWDM equipment Improves xWDM
migration to mesh architectures is a secondary driver for ROADM architectures. (c)
Anuradha Udunuwara 18
19. Optical Transport Networks - evolution scenarios short term medium term long term
Introduction of GFP, enhanced addition of a reconfigurable WDM SDH/SONET control
plane, either networks (ROADM) technologies and ASON or GMPLS based. OTN (c)
Anuradha Udunuwara 19
20. So«..what OTN means in ³simple´ terms An OTN consists of ROADMs with DWDM,
which can provide transport for NG-SDH, IP/MPLS, PBB/PBT, MPLS-TP, Ethernet and
ATM. The control plane of this network(ROADMs) is GMPLS or/and ASON based (EMS
based). (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 20
Local channels
fixed in color
and direction
Any direction
Local channels
fixed in color
Any direction
Any color
Individual color
only per A/D path
Any direction
Any color
Color re-use on
same A/D path
Any direction
Any color
Color re-use on
same A/D path
Flexible channel
Bandwidth
1xN WSS, Flexgrid
1xN WSS
1xN WSS
WSS
WSS
WDM
19. Optical Layer ± SwitchingCurrentandfuturekeyrequirements
Functional Requirements
8 degrees, scalable
Full A/D capacity, scalable
Colorless ± Directionless - Contentionless
Flexgrid ± max. 80/96 channels @ 50 GHz
No single-point-of-failure (SPOF)
Ease-of-use
Physical Requirements
Minimum loss, SNR degradation, crosstalk
Optimum filtershape (cascading)
Switching time ?
Today
optical layer
100 Ghz
Flexgrid
50 Ghz
?
switching
colorless
contenionless
directionless
FOADM
2D-ROADM
MD-ROADM
20. «
«
Optical Layer - SwitchingROADMs « andthisishowitcouldlooklike
IL = 9 dB
Per degree
No single-point-of-failure
Scalable in directions and A/D capacity
Minimum loss
IL = 9 dB
«
«
Here : Twin WSS architecture
Could be splitter (check IL and Isolation)
1x16 WSS
1x16 WSS
Line
9 ports
Up to 96 channels per port
« but : all WSS need to
beFlexgrid and are
not available today
IL = 6 dB
A/D
1x4 Comb
1x4 Comb
«
«
Scaling to reach full
add/drop capacity
w/o only 25% A/D capacity
(need 768:24 = 32 feeds !)
passive fiber
arrangement
IL = 1 dB
«
IL = 9 dB
8 x24 WSS
8 x24 WSS
100% add/drop
capacity for all degrees
(768 ch.)
«
21. Optical Layer - SwitchingROADMs « itµs all aboutcompromises !
IL = 6 dB
Restrict to max. 6 degrees «
« or scale with couplers
On line side or WSS output side
Insertion Loss !!!
Per degree
IL = 6 dB
«
«
«
«
1x9 WSS
1x9 WSS
Line
4 ports
Upto 96 channels per port
Many different options (incl. reduction of A/D capacity)
Cascading WSSs
Combining WSS and multicast switches (PLC)
Monolithic switch plus splitter and filters
«
Insertion Loss : in any case multiple amplifiers included !
A/D
22. Optical Layer ± SwitchingExample :MD ± CDCF ROADM
1x9 Line module
A/D 1st stage
A/D 8-channel IF
EDFA-RAMAN
EDFA-RAMAN
SHUFFLE
23. Optical Layer ± SwitchingSummary
CDCF ROADMs are here today !
Ideal components not available today
Realization with supporting technologies possible
Avoid internal amplification as much as possible
Ensure steep passbands, proper isolation
Component needs :
Line side WSS : 1xN Flexgrid with N as large as possible
A/D WSS : NxM with M as large as possible
Optical Power Monitoring
Must be Flexgrid too
Needed on line and add/drop sites
Today
opticallayer
100 Ghz
Flexgrid
50 Ghz
NG-CDCF
switching
colorless
contenionless
directionless
FOADM
2D-ROADM
MD-ROADM
24. Protocols and Multi-Layer IntegrationCurrent and future key requirements
G.709 / OTN
Scalable wrapping, multiplexing and switching technology
Evolved to be more Ethernet friendly
ODUflex support channelization of TDM & packet interfaces
Hitless resizing provides for in-service channel sizing
Need to support future bitrates and transparent timing
Ethernet, MPLS-TP, MPLS
All evolving and having their play
Multi-layer integration is the key challenge
Today
T-MPLS
MPLS-TP
?
transport
packet
EFM
CFM
Y.1731
1G
10G
40G/100G
Protocols
?
SONET
SDH
TDM
G.709v3
G.709v1
G.709v2
25. Includesrichprotection, OAM options
Plus richandevolvingprotection, OAM, « standards (802.1/2/3,Y.1731,«)
Protocolsand Multi-Layer IntegrationOTN+ETH PHY evolution
26. Protocols and Multi-Layer IntegrationMPLS-TP and Ethernet
Both, Ethernet and MPLS extended with Transport Profiles (TP)
OAM, protection, traffic engineering, static and dynamic options, «
Comparison is difficult
MPLS-TP might have benefits in MPLS interworking (but «)
Ethernet is the data link layer, always !
The clever bit is to ensure seamless interworking
MPLS, VPLS
Service VLAN
MPLS PW
Tunnel VLAN
Link VLAN
MPLS Link
Ethernet, GFP
ODU switching
OTN Framing, FEC, OAM
Optical switching and transport
Multiple options to achieve the same !
27. Protocolsand multi-layerintegrationMulti-layer network study - results
US, 46 Nodes, 18 Tb/s, 1:1 packet:TDM-> 2:1
10GbE (grey)
«
OTU2 (grey)
typicalrange
23%savings
«
Packet
Switch(MPLS)
OTU2 (grey)
«
10GbE (grey)
«
10GbE (grey)
«
OTU2 (grey)
«
Hybrid Packet/
Circuit Switch
(MPLS/ODU)
«
OTU4
(grey)
Packet
Switch(MPLS)
Circuit
Switch
(ODU)
Circuit
Switch
(ODU)
OTU4
(colored)
«
«
96 l
DWDM
96 l
DWDM
Contentionless
MD-ROADM
OTU4
(colored)
OTU4
(colored)
«
«
«
«
96 l
DWDM
96 l
DWDM
96 l
DWDM
96 l
DWDM
Contentionless
MD-ROADM
Contentionless
MD-ROADM
Up to 23% savings with an integrated switch
Autenrieth, et.al., ³Benefits of Integrated Packet/Circuit/Wavelength Switches
in Next-Generation Optical Core Networks´, NFOEC 2011, NMC4
28. Protocols and Multi-Layer IntegrationSummary
G.709 / OTN
Extend to higher (flexible !) datarates
Ethernet, MPLS-TP, MPLS
Core Networks : MPLS (over OTN)
Multi-layer integration
Provides significant saving potentials
Interaction of the layers needs attention !
Today
T-MPLS
MPLS-TP
MPLS/MPLS-TP
transport
packet
EFM
CFM
Y.1731
IEEE 802.1/2/3
1G
10G
40G/100G
400G/1T
Protocols
Integrate
SONET
SDH
400G/1T ?
TDM
G.709v3
G.709v1
G.709v2
29. Management andControlCurrentandfuturekeyrequirements
Private, TDM and lambda services
Packet services
MPLS / Ethernet
ODU switching
OTN Framing, FEC, OAM
Optical switching and transport
Today
OSS Integration
?
management
andcontrol
Corba
TL-1
XML/MTOSI
SNMP
Q
ASON
GMPLS
30. Management andControlKey enabler : multi-x control plane
Multi-Degree
Auto-discovery of topology (OSPF-TE)
Constraint-aware path computation
Automated signaling (RSVP-TE)
Mesh networking, agile endpoint selection, tunable origination and regeneration
Multi-Region
Transport networks growing in size and complexity
Formerly islands, regional networks are linking up
Multi-Layer
Flexible, agile WDM transport layer, integrated Ethernet/MPLS layer, integrated OTN
TDM layer
Multi-Service
Automated Restoration
Fault detection/reporting, dynamic channel re-route
Embedded Intelligence in Every Element
Multi-Vendor
Protocol standardization, proven Interoperability
GMPLS core, OIF & ASON compatibility
31. Management and ControlOne Tool to handle the complexity : PCE Architecture
Separate where computation is needed from where it¶s performed
Path Computation Client (PCC)
Requesting path computation services (can be NE, NMS, Tool, PCE)
Path Computation Element (PCE)
Performs path computations on behalf of PCCs or other PCEs
Standardized toolbox approach
Distributed, centralized, hybrid approaches
Sees nodes <E,F,G,H>
Sees nodes <A,B,C,D,E>
³compute A to H´
³compute E to H´
Sees self
PCE
PCE
PCC
³E->F->G->H´
³A->B->C->D -> E->F->G->H´
Addressing the complexity in a standardized way
32. Management andControlSummary
Interoperable network automation by standardized architecture
IETF: Routing Area, multiple working groups e.g. PCE
OIF: User-to-Network / Network-to-Network IAs (UNI/E-NNI)
ITU-T: Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON)
TMF : Management frameworks and interfaces (e.g. MTOSI)
Future needs are endless !
Multi-layer definitions/interactions
resource sharing, provisioning, protection, restoration, OAM interaction, «
OTN extensions
Optical constraints (wavelength, path, OSNR,«)
« many more !
Today
OSS Integration
Automated
top down
multi-layercontrol
management
andcontrol
Corba
TL-1
XML/MTOSI
SNMP
Q
ASON
GMPLS
33. SummaryThe programmable & automated optical network
Today
OSS Integration
Automated
top down
multi-layer control
management
and control
Corba
TL-1
XML/MTOSI
SNMP
Q
ASON
GMPLS
T-MPLS
MPLS-TP
MPLS/MPLS-TP
transport
packet
EFM
CFM
Y.1731
IEEE 802.1/2/3
1G
10G
40G/100G
400G/1T
Protocols
It won¶t get boring !
SONET
SDH
400G/1T ?
TDM
G.709v3
G.709v1
G.709v2
100 Ghz
Flexgrid
50 Ghz
NG-CDCF
switching
colorless
contenionless
directionless
FOADM
2D-ROADM
MD-ROADM
optical layer
gain/power control
variable gain control
Transient imune,
hybrid amplification
line system
8 ch
96 ch non-DCx
160 ch C+L
EDFA
Raman
hybrid
Integrate
RS-FEC
Concat.-FEC
Turbo S-FEC
channel coding
and modulation
SDO
OOK
DB
DPSK
PM-QPSK
2.5G
10G
40G
100G
34. Thank you !
Specialthanksto :
Finisar, Fujitsu Microelectronic, JDSU, Oclaro, Juniper & ADVA
cglingener@advaoptical.com
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