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1. ³Optical Transport Network (?)´ A technology walkthrough (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 1
2. What is ³OTN´? ‡ As per ITU-T, it¶s G.709 standard ± a.k.a Digital Wrapper (DW) ± a.k.a
Optical Transport Hierarchy (OTH) standard ‡ In the industry/telco field? ± OTN ± POT
(Packet Optical Transport) ‡ packet (MPLS-TP?)+ TDM (SDH/PDH) + WDM + ROADM
± Optical Packet Transport layer (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 2
3. Why OTN? ‡ IP/MPLS core/backbone networks were originally designed and meant for
IP services (ex: L3 VPN) ‡ They are not designed for bulk transports (ex: wholesale L2
pipes) ‡ It¶s complex and inefficient to use IP, IGP, LDP, LSP etc. to transport L1 and L2
bulk data ‡ Therefore, an OTN is required to address; ± L1, L2 bulk transport and
Optical Virtual Private Network (OVPN) ± To make IP/MPLS backbone an overlay
network with OTN addressing the resiliency and network high availability requirements ‡
However, today¶s industry practice is to move to OTN if the bandwidth requirements are
40Gbps and above (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 3
4. Main functionality provided by an OTN ‡ Transparent transport of different optical clients
‡ Interconnection of different administrative domains ‡ Optical channel networking and
protection ‡ Performance monitoring and alarm supervision ‡ Network management (c)
Anuradha Udunuwara 4
5. DWDM ‡ Increase fiber bandwidth ‡ Lacks protection and management capabilities ‡
strict network-design limitations imposed (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 5
6. SONET/SDH ‡ protection and management capabilities are inherent (c) Anuradha
Udunuwara 6
7. OTN aim ‡ Combine the ± Benefits of SONET/SDH (OAM&P) and ± Bandwidth
expandability of DWDM ‡ Includes FEC (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 7
8. Pre-OTN WDM Vs. OTN Pre-OTN WDM OTN ‡ simple transport ‡ networking ± solution
‡ Bandwidth ‡ Management enabler of multiplication by means WDM network of WDM
transport ‡ First transmission ‡ Point-to-point technology in which application that can
each stakeholder gets transport STM-N/OC-N its own (ODUk) as a service connection
monitoring (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 8
9. Following technologies/standards have nothing to do with OTN but are mostly confused.
‡ IP/MPLS ‡ PBB/PBT ‡ MPLS-TP Actually the above technologies address the same
thing. (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 9
10. Non-IP network layer control ‡ ASON (Automatic Switched Optical Network) ‡ GMPLS
(Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching) ‡ GMPLS µ starting point is based on the IP
view of the transport plane: one physical layer ± Fibers are the reference points ±
Equipment are black boxes identified by switching capabilities ± Topology and link state
information distributed to all equipment independent of network layer the equipment
operates on (³peering´) ‡ GMPLS is a tool box which can be used to support ASON¶s
view of the transport plane (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 10
11. ASON auto provisions the required BW(ex: another Ȝ) (o.w manual provisioning)
Without ASON With ASON ‡ traffic grows ‡ The client equipment ‡ the customer
analyses traffic request the establishment reports of a new connection and ‡ he contacts
the network sends a connection setup provider request ‡ the job order moves on ‡ the
operator looks for a route ‡ setup request is ‡ the route is found and the acknowledged
network is re-configured ‡ the new connection is ‡ the new connection is established!
operational! (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 11
12. ASON (ITU-T) ‡ Alternative/supplement for/to NMS based connection management ‡
ASON does not change transport plane functionality ‡ Signaling between transport
equipment for network discovery ‡ Each network element knows the network topology
(c) Anuradha Udunuwara 12
13. The Optical Layer As the Transmission Medium ‡ The optical layer is connection
oriented (circuit switched), Lightpaths are easy to be established. ‡ Lightpaths can be
seen as LSPs between ingress and egress OXCs. ‡ Multiprotocol Lambda Switching
(MPȜS) was defined as a control plane for optical networks. ‡ MPLS and MPȜS were
then unified and called Generalized MPLS (GMPLS, RFC 3945) (c) Anuradha
Udunuwara 13
14. GMPLS (IETF) ‡ Extends MPLS to provide the control plane (signaling and routing) for
devises that switch in any of these domains: packet, time, wavelength and fiber. ‡ This
common control plane simplify network OAM & automatic e2e Provisioning (c)
Anuradha Udunuwara 14
15. Related / associated equipment/standards/technologies Equipment ‡ OADM (optical
add-drop multiplexer) ‡ ROADM (Reconfigurable OADM) Standards/technologies ‡
xWDM (photonics layer) ‡ NG-SONET/SDH (EoSDH) (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 15
16. OADM ‡ is a device used in WDM systems for multiplexing and routing different
channels of light into or out of a single mode fiber ‡ An OADM with remotely
reconfigurable optical switches in the middle stage is called a ROADM (c) Anuradha
Udunuwara 16
17. ADM vs. OADM ADM OADM ‡ function in the ‡ function in the photonic traditional
SONET/SDH domain under WDM networks ‡ Used by conventional DWDM networks (c)
Anuradha Udunuwara 17
18. ROADM ‡ ability to remotely switch traffic from a WDM system at the wavelength layer. ‡
planning of entire bandwidth assignment need not be carried out during initial
deployment of a system. The configuration can be done as and when required without
affecting traffic already passing the ROADM. ‡ ROADM allows for remote configuration
and reconfiguration. ‡ Included in most of the xWDM equipment ‡ Improves xWDM ‡
migration to mesh architectures is a secondary driver for ROADM architectures. (c)
Anuradha Udunuwara 18
19. Optical Transport Networks - evolution scenarios short term medium term long term
Introduction of GFP, enhanced addition of a reconfigurable WDM SDH/SONET control
plane, either networks (ROADM) technologies and ASON or GMPLS based. OTN (c)
Anuradha Udunuwara 19
20. So«..what OTN means in ³simple´ terms ‡ An OTN consists of ROADMs with DWDM,
which can provide transport for NG-SDH, IP/MPLS, PBB/PBT, MPLS-TP, Ethernet and
ATM. The control plane of this network(ROADMs) is GMPLS or/and ASON based (EMS
based). (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 20

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1. "Quang Mҥng lưӟi giao thông (?)" Mӝt hương công nghӋ (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 1
2. "OTN" là gì? ‡ Theo ITU-T, đó là tiêu chuҭn G.709 - hay còn gӑi là kӻ thuұt sӕ Wrapper
(DW) - hay còn gӑi là quang thông vұn tҧi cҩp bұc (oth) tiêu chuҭn ‡ Trong ngành công
nghiӋp / công ty viӉn thông trưӡng? - OTN - POT (gói quang thông vұn tҧi) ‡ gói + TDM
(SDH / PDH) + WDM + ROADM (MPLS-TP?) - Lӟp quang gói Giao thông vұn tҧi (c)
Anuradha Udunuwara 2
3. Tҥi sao OTN? ‡ IP / MPLS core / xương sӕng mҥng ban đҫu đưӧc thiӃt kӃ và có nghĩa
là cho dӏch vө IP (ví dө: L3 VPN) ‡ Hӑ không đưӧc thiӃt kӃ đӇ vұn chuyӇn sӕ lưӧng lӟn
(ví dө: bán buôn L2 ӕng) ‡ Đó là phӭc tҥp và kém hiӋu quҧ đӇ sӱ dөng IP, IGP, LDP,
LSP vv đӇ vұn chuyӇn sӕ lưӧng lӟn dӳ liӋu L1 và L2 ‡ Do đó, mӝt OTN là cҫn thiӃt đӇ
giҧi quyӃt; - L1, L2 vұn chuyӇn sӕ lưӧng lӟn và Quang Virtual Private Network (OVPN)
- ĐӇ làm cho IP / MPLS xương sӕng mӝt mҥng lưӟi phӫ vӟi OTN giҧi quyӃt các khҧ
năng phөc hӗi và mҥng yêu cҫu sҹn sàng cao ‡ Tuy nhiên, thӵc tӃ ngành công nghiӋp
hiӋn nay là di chuyӇn đӇ OTN nӃu các yêu cҫu băng thông là 40Gbps và ӣ trên (c)
Anuradha Udunuwara 3
4. Chӭc năng chính đưӧc cung cҩp bӣi mӝt vұn tҧi OTN ‡ suӕt cӫa các khách hàng khác
nhau quang ‡ KӃt nӕi các lĩnh vӵc khác nhau hành chính ‡ kênh quang mҥng và giám
sát bҧo vӋ ‡ HiӋu suҩt và giám sát báo đӝng quҧn lý ‡ Mҥng (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 4
5. DWDM ‡ Tăng chҩt xơ băng thông ‡ ThiӃu bҧo vӋ và khҧ năng quҧn lý ‡ đúng thiӃt kӃ
mҥng hҥn chӃ đӕi vӟi (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 5
6. SONET / SDH ‡ bҧo vӋ và quҧn lý vӕn có khҧ năng đưӧc (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 6
7. OTN nhҵm mөc đích ‡ KӃt hӧp - Lӧi ích cӫa SONET / SDH (OAM & P) và - Băng thông
mӣ rӝng cӫa DWDM ‡ Bao gӗm FEC (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 7
8. Pre-OTN WDM Vs. OTN Pre-OTN WDM OTN ‡ đơn giҧn, giao thông vұn tҧi ‡ mҥng -
giҧi pháp ‡ Băng thông ‡ Quҧn lý tҥo khҧ năng nhân giӕng bҵng phương tiӋn cӫa mҥng
WDM cӫa WDM giao công nghӋ truyӅn dүn đҫu tiên ‡ Point-to-point ‡ trong đó ӭng
dөng có thӇ đưӧc vұn chuyӇn mӛi bên liên quan STM-N / OC-N (ODUk) như là mӝt
giám sát kӃt nӕi dӏch vө (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 8 cӫa riêng mình
9. công nghӋ sau / tiêu chuҭn không có gì đӇ làm vӟi OTN nhưng chӫ yӃu là nhҫm lүn. ‡
IP / MPLS ‡ PBB / PBT ‡ MPLS-TP Trên thӵc tӃ các công nghӋ trên đӏa chӍ cùng mӝt
điӅu. (C) Anuradha Udunuwara 9
10. Non-IP mҥng lӟp kiӇm soát ‡ Ason (tӵ đӝng chuyӇn mҥch quang Network) ‡ GMPLS
(Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching) điӇm bҳt đҫu ‡ GMPLS 'dӵa trên chӃ đӝ
xem IP cӫa máy bay vұn tҧi: mӝt lӟp vұt lý - Sӧi đưӧc các điӇm tham chiӃu - ThiӃt bӏ
đưӧc các hӝp đen đưӧc xác đӏnh bҵng cách chuyӇn các khҧ năng - Cҩu trúc liên kӃt và
thông tin trҥng thái liên kӃt phân phӕi cho tҩt cҧ các thiӃt bӏ đӝc lұp cӫa lӟp thiӃt bӏ
mҥng các hoҥt đӝng trên ("peering") ‡ GMPLS là mӝt hӝp công cө có thӇ đưӧc sӱ dөng
đӇ hӛ trӧ xem Ason cӫa các máy bay vұn tҧi ( c) Anuradha Udunuwara 10
11. Ason tӵ quy đӏnh cӫa BW cҫn thiӃt (ví dө: mӝt Ȝ) (ow hưӟng dүn cung cҩp) NӃu không
có Ason Vӟi giao thông Ason ‡ phát triӇn ‡ Các thiӃt bӏ khách hàng ‡ khách hàng phân
tích lưu lưӧng yêu cҫu các báo cáo thiӃt lұp mӝt kӃt nӕi mӟi và ‡ ông liên lҥc vӟi mҥng
lưӟi sӁ gӱi mӝt kӃt nӕi yêu cҫu nhà cung cҩp ‡ thiӃt lұp trұt tӵ di chuyӇn công viӋc vӅ ‡
Nhà điӅu hành sӁ cho yêu cҫu mӝt tuyӃn đưӡng thiӃt lұp ‡ có ‡ con đưӡng đưӧc tìm
thҩy và mҥng công nhұn là cҩu hình lҥi kӃt nӕi mӟi ‡ là ‡ các kӃt nӕi mӟi đưӧc thành
lұp! hoҥt đӝng! (C) Anuradha Udunuwara 11
12. Ason (ITU-T) ‡ Thay thӃ / bә sung cho / đӇ NMS dӵa trên kӃt nӕi quҧn lý ‡ Ason không
thay đәi chӭc năng vұn chuyӇn máy bay ‡ tín hiӋu giӳa các thiӃt bӏ vұn tҧi đӇ khám phá
mҥng ‡ Mӛi phҫn tӱ mҥng biӃt đưӧc cҩu trúc liên kӃt mҥng (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 12
13. Lӟp quang Khi vӯa truyӅn ‡ Các lӟp quang là hưӟng kӃt nӕi (chuyӇn mҥch), Lightpaths
dӉ dàng đưӧc thiӃt lұp. ‡ Lightpaths có thӇ đưӧc xem như là LSPs giӳa OXCs thâm
nhұp và đích. ‡ Đa Lambda Switching (MPȜS) đưӧc đӏnh nghĩa là mӝt mһt phҷng điӅu
khiӇn cho các mҥng quang hӑc. ‡ MPLS và MPȜS sau đó thӕng nhҩt và đưӧc gӑi là
tәng quát MPLS (GMPLS, RFC 3945) (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 13
14. GMPLS (IETF) ‡ Mӣ rӝng MPLS đӇ cung cҩp các máy bay điӅu khiӇn (báo hiӋu và đӏnh
tuyӃn) cho devises rҵng chuyӇn đәi trong bҩt cӭ lĩnh vӵc: gói, thӡi gian, bưӟc sóng và
chҩt xơ. ‡ KiӇm soát máy bay này thưӡng đơn giҧn hóa mҥng OAM & Cung cҩp E2E tӵ
đӝng (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 14
15. Liên quan / thiӃt bӏ liên quan / tiêu chuҭn / công nghӋ thiӃt bӏ ‡ OADM (quang hӑc thêm-
thҧ đa) ‡ ROADM (cҩu hình lҥi OADM) Tiêu chuҭn / công nghӋ ‡ xWDM (lưӧng tӱ ánh
sáng lӟp) ‡ NG-SONET/SDH (EoSDH) (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 15
16. OADM ‡ là mӝt thiӃt bӏ đưӧc sӱ dөng trong các hӋ thӕng WDM cho ghép kênh và đӏnh
tuyӃn các kênh khác nhau cӫa ánh sáng vào, đưa ra mӝt sӧi chӃ đӝ đơn ‡ Mӝt OADM
vӟi cҩu hình lҥi tӯ xa thiӃt bӏ chuyӇn mҥch quang trong giai đoҥn giӳa đưӧc gӑi là mӝt
ROADM (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 16
17. ADM ADM so vӟi OADM OADM ‡ chӭc năng trong các chӭc năng ‡ trong lưӧng tӱ ánh
sáng truyӅn thӕng SONET / SDH miӅn theo mҥng WDM ‡ Đưӧc sӱ dөng bӣi các mҥng
truyӅn thӕng DWDM (c) Anuradha Udunuwara 17
18. ROADM ‡ khҧ năng chuyӇn đәi lưu lưӧng truy cұp tӯ xa tӯ mӝt hӋ thӕng WDM tҥi tҫng
bưӟc sóng. ‡ lұp kӃ hoҥch chuyӇn nhưӧng toàn bӝ băng thông không cҫn phҧi đưӧc
thӵc hiӋn trong thӡi gian triӇn khai ban đҫu cӫa mӝt hӋ thӕng. cҩu hình này có thӇ
đưӧc thӵc hiӋn như và khi cҫn thiӃt mà không ҧnh hưӣng đӃn giao thông đã đưӧc đi
qua các ROADM. ‡ ROADM cho phép cҩu hình tӯ xa và cҩu hình lҥi. ‡ Trong hҫu hӃt
các thiӃt bӏ xWDM Cҧi thiӋn ‡ chuyӇn đәi ‡ xWDM đӇ lưӟi các kiӃn trúc là mӝt trình điӅu
khiӇn trung cho các kiӃn trúc ROADM. (C) Anuradha Udunuwara 18
19. Mҥng quang hӑc Giao thông vұn tҧi - kӏch bҧn tiӃn hóa ngҳn hҥn trung hҥn dài hҥn Giӟi
thiӋu cӫa GFP, tăng cưӡng thêm mӝt cҩu hình lҥi WDM SDH / SONET điӅu khiӇn máy
bay, hoһc các mҥng (ROADM) công nghӋ và Ason hoһc dӵa GMPLS. OTN (c)
Anuradha Udunuwara 19
20. Vì vұy, ... .. nhӳng gì OTN có nghĩa là trong "đơn giҧn" tӯ ‡ OTN An gӗm ROADMs vӟi
DWDM, có thӇ cung cҩp vұn chuyӇn cho NG-SDH, IP / MPLS, PBB / PBT, MPLS-TP,
Ethernet và ATM. ChiӃc máy bay điӅu khiӇn cӫa mҥng lưӟi (ROADMs) là GMPLS hoһc
/ và Ason dӵa (EMS dӵa). (C) Anuradha Udunuwara 20
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1. Optical Networking Trends & Evolution
Christoph Glingener
March 2011
2. Optical Networking Trends & EvolutionOutline
Technology status and evolution
Coding & Modulation
Optical Layer
Protocols
& multi-layer integration
Management & Control
Coding&Modulation Optical Layer Protocols / Multi-Layer Management/Control
SDO
CDCF
ROADM
H-Amp
100G
G.709
OSS
Ethernet
MTOSI
GMPLS
Multi-
layer
Solution requirements ± system/component technologies ± costs !
3. Channel Codingand ModulationCurrentandfuturekeyrequirements
Today
Mostly 10G OOK
40G was a transition step to coherent, DSP-based technologies
OOK, DPSK, DQPSK, PM-QPSK
Commercial success and further lifetime questionable !
PM-QPSK 100G coherent (1st generation) picking up
Whatµs next ?
400G, 1T ?
Maximise spectral efficiency vs. reach ?
Minimise costs !
Get flexibility by Software Defined Optics (SDO)
Today
RS-FEC
Concat.-FEC
Turbo S-FEC
channelcoding
andmodulation
?
OOK
DB
DPSK
PM-QPSK
2.5G
10G
40G
100G
4. Channel Codingand ModulationRelative COGS oftransponders
100G coh
normalized on 2011 10G cost
needstobe
adressed !
Cost efficiency of 40G questionable ± need low cost 100G option !
5. Coding
Add. NCG smaller vs. increasing OH
1 dB add. by soft-in decoding
Modulation
single pol., SSMF, 100km spans, ideal Raman, no DC, WDM with 5 channels
Channel Codingand ModulationWherearethelimits ?
14
9
8
13
7
12
6
11
5
10
4
9
3
8
2
7
1
6
0
5
0
5
10
15
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
Shannon limit
Gaussianch.
fibercapacitylimit [1]
500km
Shannon limit
for ideal FEC
256QAM
Shannon limit
soft
2000km
2 bit
hard
64QAM
8000km
Spectral Efficiency (bits/s/Hz)
Net CodingGain [dB] for BER=1e-15
16QAM
100G implementations
8PSK
QPSK
Shannon limit
Gaussianchannel
G.709
BPSK
-1.5
20
25
1.4
1.5
transmission rate
SNR/bit (dB)
[1] Essiambre, et al., ³Capacity Limits of Optical
Fiber Networks,´ JLT, vol. 28, no. 4, Feb. 2010.
Scale by Superchannel/OFDM & spatial diversity (polarization/fiber)
6. Channel Coding and ModulationWhat do we need to get there ?
High speed DSPs/DACs/ADCs : power limitation !
Photonic Integration
Photonics are dominating optical transceiver size & cost
Options : InP, hybrid, CMOS photonics
Adapted from Fujitsu Microelectronics
§1 mm
Oclaro : 40 Gb/s InP DQPSK Encoding Chip
7. Channel Coding and Modulation400G ?
480 Gb/s (incl. 15% FEC OH)
Nyquist WDM spectral shaping
Total BW = #subcarriers x symbol rate
Only noise limitations considered
Overall power remains constant
Channel granularity: 50 GHz
PM-64QAM
Capacity x reach = const.
PM-8QAM
PM-QPSK
PM-16QAM
PS-QPSK
100GPM-QPSK
8. Channel Coding and Modulation1T ?
1200 Gb/s (incl. 15% FEC OH)
Nyquist WDM spectral shaping
Total BW = #subcarriers x symbol rate
Only noise limitations considered
Overall power remains constant
Channel granularity: 50 GHz
Capacity x reach = const.
PM-16QAM
PM-8QAM
PS-16QAM
PM-QPSK
100GPM-QPSK
9. Channel Codingand Modulation Wave Radio (fixed) Evolution
SDR, AMC
Adaptive Modulation
andCoding
1970
1980
1990
2000
XPIC
Cross Polarization
InterferenceCanceller (see PM)
Analogue AM/FM
0.5/0.2 Bit/s/Hz
Req. S/N @ BER 1E - 3[dB]
Net Efficiency [Bit/s/Hz]
QPSK
1/2
2
QPSK
3/4
2
16QAM
3/4
4
16QAM
5/6
4
QPSK
uncoded
2
16QAM
1/2
4
16QAM
uncoded
4
64QAM
1/2
6
64QAM
2/3
6
64QAM
3/4
6
64QAM
5/6
6
64QAM
uncoded
6
128QAM
5/6
7
256QAM
5/6
8
Code rate
Bit/Symbol
Note : only convolutional coding considered
Source : Detecon
10. Channel Codingand Modulation Wave Radio ± Adaptive Modulation & Coding (AMC)
AMC to offer variable link ranges, data rates, availability
@ BER 1E-11
All overhead considered
16-QAM, 25 min non-availability/year
VBR
CBR
64-QAM, 115 min non-availability/year
UBR
VBR
CBR
4-QAM, 5 min non-availability/year
CBR
Hitless switching
Between PHY modes
FIXED sliced spectrum given
Source : Marconi (now Ericsson)
Hitless AMC for flexible usage of a FIXED sliced spectrum
11. Channel Coding and ModulationSoftware-Defined Optics (SDO) ?
Reach [km]
1100
125
2500
250
5000
500
350
Baseband
processor:
Equalizer,
Modem,SD-FEC
Baseband
processor:
Equalizer,
Modem,SD-FEC
DAC
DAC
64-QAM
Programmable400Gb/slinecard
300
IQ-Mod x
IQ-Mod x
32-QAM
DAC
DAC
250
49-QAM
16-QAM
200
LO laser
LO laser
25-QAM
DAC
DAC
8-QAM
Data Rate [Gb/s]
150
400Gb/sIF
IF#130 Gbaud15% SD-FEC50-300 Gb/s
9-QAM
IQ-Mod y
IQ-Mod y
100
DAC
DAC
4-QAM
LO laser
LO laser
50
OTL4.4x3
DPSK
ADC
ADC
0
IQ-x
Coherent
RX
IQ-y
IQ-x
Coherent
RX
IQ-y
-5
0
5
10
15
OSNR Margin [dB]
ADC
ADC
OTNProc. &
Mux.
ADC
ADC
QPSK
ADC
ADC
IF#230 Gbaud15% SD-FEC50-300 Gb/s
16QAM
12. Exploitation of excess system margin
Increased capacity on shorter paths
Better utilization on spectral resources, less interfaces
0.25
100G
150G
200G
0.2
0.15
Percentage of Routes
0.1
0.05
0
Source : DICONET Project
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
Channel Coding and ModulationReach variation ± SDO Example
Link Length [km]
13. Channel Codingand ModulationSummary
Software Defined Optics
Not fixed at 400G, 1T ± fix/slice the spectrum !
Adaptive Modulation & Coding (AMC)
Universal Core Interface ?
Component Needs
High Speed integrated ADCs/DSPs/DACs
Photonic Integration !
« keep questioning the requirements
Is maximum spectral efficiency and reach the dominant goal ?
Costs ? churn rates ? fiber shortage ?
Today
RS-FEC
Concat.-FEC
Turbo S-FEC
channelcoding
andmodulation
SDO
OOK
DB
DPSK
PM-QPSK
2.5G
10G
40G
100G
14. Optical Layer ± Line SystemCurrentandfuturekeyrequirements
Todayµscorelinesystem design targets
C-band, 96chs, 100Gb/sPM-QPSK Coherent, 2000+ km
Supported by optical amplification
Low nonlinear fiber signal degradation
Raman booster & pre-amplifier
Improved OSNR
Hybrid Raman + EDFA pre-amplifier
Whatµsnext ?
Reduce losses
Improve OSNR performance
Increase transient suppression
Today
opticallayer
gain/power control
variable gaincontrol
?
linesystem
8 ch
96 ch non-DCx
160 ch C+L
EDFA
Raman
hybrid
15. Optical Layer ± Line SystemFully integrated EDFA/Raman amplification
Performance of different hybrid amplifiers
Improved net noise figures by hybrid amplification
16. Gain controlled
Output power=+21dBm & NF=4.5dB
Transient event =1usec & Add/Drop=16dB
Gain excursion<1.5dB
Self saturated
Output power=+21dBm & NF=4.5dB
Transient event =1usec & Add/Drop=19dB
Gain excursion<0.4dB
Optical Layer ± Line SystemTransient suppression
Increased transient suppression by fill lasers or self-saturation
17. Optical Layer ± Line SystemSummary
Flexibility, enhanced system margin supported by
Reduced losses
ROADM design, low loss fiber ?
Improved OSNR
Hybrid amplification
Increase transient suppression
Self-saturated EDFAs
Fast VOA integrated with EDFAs
Component needs :
High power pump sources
Low relative intensity noise Raman pump sources
Today
optical layer
gain/power control
variable gain control
Transient immune,
hybrid amplification
line system
8 ch
96 ch non-DCx
160 ch C+L
EDFA
Raman
hybrid
18. Optical Layer - SwitchingROADM - Functional Definitions
Colorless
Directionless
Contentionless
Flexgrid
Colorless
Directionless
Contentionless
Colorless
Directionless
Directionless
Fixed A/D
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
Line
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
WSS
A/D
WDM
WSS
WDM
WSS
WSS
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX

› Local channels
fixed in color
and direction

› Any direction
› Local channels
fixed in color

› Any direction
› Any color
› Individual color
only per A/D path

› Any direction
› Any color
› Color re-use on
same A/D path

› Any direction
› Any color
› Color re-use on
same A/D path

› Flexible channel
Bandwidth
1xN WSS, Flexgrid
1xN WSS
1xN WSS
WSS
WSS
WDM
19. Optical Layer ± SwitchingCurrentandfuturekeyrequirements
Functional Requirements
8 degrees, scalable
Full A/D capacity, scalable
Colorless ± Directionless - Contentionless
Flexgrid ± max. 80/96 channels @ 50 GHz
No single-point-of-failure (SPOF)
Ease-of-use
Physical Requirements
Minimum loss, SNR degradation, crosstalk
Optimum filtershape (cascading)
Switching time ?
Today
optical layer
100 Ghz
Flexgrid
50 Ghz
?
switching
colorless
contenionless
directionless
FOADM
2D-ROADM
MD-ROADM
20. «
«
Optical Layer - SwitchingROADMs « andthisishowitcouldlooklike
IL = 9 dB
Per degree
No single-point-of-failure
Scalable in directions and A/D capacity
Minimum loss
IL = 9 dB
«
«
Here : Twin WSS architecture
Could be splitter (check IL and Isolation)
1x16 WSS
1x16 WSS
Line
9 ports
Up to 96 channels per port
« but : all WSS need to
beFlexgrid and are
not available today
IL = 6 dB
A/D
1x4 Comb
1x4 Comb
«
«
Scaling to reach full
add/drop capacity
w/o only 25% A/D capacity
(need 768:24 = 32 feeds !)
passive fiber
arrangement
IL = 1 dB
«
IL = 9 dB
8 x24 WSS
8 x24 WSS
100% add/drop
capacity for all degrees
(768 ch.)
«
21. Optical Layer - SwitchingROADMs « itµs all aboutcompromises !
IL = 6 dB
Restrict to max. 6 degrees «
« or scale with couplers
On line side or WSS output side
Insertion Loss !!!
Per degree
IL = 6 dB
«
«
«
«
1x9 WSS
1x9 WSS
Line
4 ports
Upto 96 channels per port
Many different options (incl. reduction of A/D capacity)
Cascading WSSs
Combining WSS and multicast switches (PLC)
Monolithic switch plus splitter and filters
«
Insertion Loss : in any case multiple amplifiers included !
A/D
22. Optical Layer ± SwitchingExample :MD ± CDCF ROADM
1x9 Line module
A/D 1st stage
A/D 8-channel IF
EDFA-RAMAN
EDFA-RAMAN
SHUFFLE
23. Optical Layer ± SwitchingSummary
CDCF ROADMs are here today !
Ideal components not available today
Realization with supporting technologies possible
Avoid internal amplification as much as possible
Ensure steep passbands, proper isolation
Component needs :
Line side WSS : 1xN Flexgrid with N as large as possible
A/D WSS : NxM with M as large as possible
Optical Power Monitoring
Must be Flexgrid too
Needed on line and add/drop sites
Today
opticallayer
100 Ghz
Flexgrid
50 Ghz
NG-CDCF
switching
colorless
contenionless
directionless
FOADM
2D-ROADM
MD-ROADM
24. Protocols and Multi-Layer IntegrationCurrent and future key requirements
G.709 / OTN
Scalable wrapping, multiplexing and switching technology
Evolved to be more Ethernet friendly
ODUflex support channelization of TDM & packet interfaces
Hitless resizing provides for in-service channel sizing
Need to support future bitrates and transparent timing
Ethernet, MPLS-TP, MPLS
All evolving and having their play
Multi-layer integration is the key challenge
Today
T-MPLS
MPLS-TP
?
transport
packet
EFM
CFM
Y.1731
1G
10G
40G/100G
Protocols
?
SONET
SDH
TDM
G.709v3
G.709v1
G.709v2
25. Includesrichprotection, OAM options
Plus richandevolvingprotection, OAM, « standards (802.1/2/3,Y.1731,«)
Protocolsand Multi-Layer IntegrationOTN+ETH PHY evolution
26. Protocols and Multi-Layer IntegrationMPLS-TP and Ethernet
Both, Ethernet and MPLS extended with Transport Profiles (TP)
OAM, protection, traffic engineering, static and dynamic options, «
Comparison is difficult
MPLS-TP might have benefits in MPLS interworking (but «)
Ethernet is the data link layer, always !
The clever bit is to ensure seamless interworking
MPLS, VPLS
Service VLAN
MPLS PW
Tunnel VLAN
Link VLAN
MPLS Link
Ethernet, GFP
ODU switching
OTN Framing, FEC, OAM
Optical switching and transport
Multiple options to achieve the same !
27. Protocolsand multi-layerintegrationMulti-layer network study - results
US, 46 Nodes, 18 Tb/s, 1:1 packet:TDM-> 2:1
10GbE (grey)
«
OTU2 (grey)
typicalrange
23%savings
«
Packet
Switch(MPLS)
OTU2 (grey)
«
10GbE (grey)
«
10GbE (grey)
«
OTU2 (grey)
«
Hybrid Packet/
Circuit Switch
(MPLS/ODU)
«
OTU4
(grey)
Packet
Switch(MPLS)
Circuit
Switch
(ODU)
Circuit
Switch
(ODU)
OTU4
(colored)
«
«
96 l
DWDM
96 l
DWDM
Contentionless
MD-ROADM
OTU4
(colored)
OTU4
(colored)
«
«
«
«
96 l
DWDM
96 l
DWDM
96 l
DWDM
96 l
DWDM
Contentionless
MD-ROADM
Contentionless
MD-ROADM
Up to 23% savings with an integrated switch
Autenrieth, et.al., ³Benefits of Integrated Packet/Circuit/Wavelength Switches
in Next-Generation Optical Core Networks´, NFOEC 2011, NMC4
28. Protocols and Multi-Layer IntegrationSummary
G.709 / OTN
Extend to higher (flexible !) datarates
Ethernet, MPLS-TP, MPLS
Core Networks : MPLS (over OTN)
Multi-layer integration
Provides significant saving potentials
Interaction of the layers needs attention !
Today
T-MPLS
MPLS-TP
MPLS/MPLS-TP
transport
packet
EFM
CFM
Y.1731
IEEE 802.1/2/3
1G
10G
40G/100G
400G/1T
Protocols
Integrate
SONET
SDH
400G/1T ?
TDM
G.709v3
G.709v1
G.709v2
29. Management andControlCurrentandfuturekeyrequirements
Private, TDM and lambda services
Packet services
MPLS / Ethernet
ODU switching
OTN Framing, FEC, OAM
Optical switching and transport
Today
OSS Integration
?
management
andcontrol
Corba
TL-1
XML/MTOSI
SNMP
Q
ASON
GMPLS
30. Management andControlKey enabler : multi-x control plane
Multi-Degree
Auto-discovery of topology (OSPF-TE)
Constraint-aware path computation
Automated signaling (RSVP-TE)
Mesh networking, agile endpoint selection, tunable origination and regeneration
Multi-Region
Transport networks growing in size and complexity
Formerly islands, regional networks are linking up
Multi-Layer
Flexible, agile WDM transport layer, integrated Ethernet/MPLS layer, integrated OTN
TDM layer
Multi-Service
Automated Restoration
Fault detection/reporting, dynamic channel re-route
Embedded Intelligence in Every Element
Multi-Vendor
Protocol standardization, proven Interoperability
GMPLS core, OIF & ASON compatibility
31. Management and ControlOne Tool to handle the complexity : PCE Architecture
Separate where computation is needed from where it¶s performed
Path Computation Client (PCC)
Requesting path computation services (can be NE, NMS, Tool, PCE)
Path Computation Element (PCE)
Performs path computations on behalf of PCCs or other PCEs
Standardized toolbox approach
Distributed, centralized, hybrid approaches
Sees nodes <E,F,G,H>
Sees nodes <A,B,C,D,E>
³compute A to H´
³compute E to H´
Sees self
PCE
PCE
PCC
³E->F->G->H´
³A->B->C->D -> E->F->G->H´
Addressing the complexity in a standardized way
32. Management andControlSummary
Interoperable network automation by standardized architecture
IETF: Routing Area, multiple working groups e.g. PCE
OIF: User-to-Network / Network-to-Network IAs (UNI/E-NNI)
ITU-T: Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON)
TMF : Management frameworks and interfaces (e.g. MTOSI)
Future needs are endless !
Multi-layer definitions/interactions
resource sharing, provisioning, protection, restoration, OAM interaction, «
OTN extensions
Optical constraints (wavelength, path, OSNR,«)
« many more !
Today
OSS Integration
Automated
top down
multi-layercontrol
management
andcontrol
Corba
TL-1
XML/MTOSI
SNMP
Q
ASON
GMPLS
33. SummaryThe programmable & automated optical network
Today
OSS Integration
Automated
top down
multi-layer control
management
and control
Corba
TL-1
XML/MTOSI
SNMP
Q
ASON
GMPLS
T-MPLS
MPLS-TP
MPLS/MPLS-TP
transport
packet
EFM
CFM
Y.1731
IEEE 802.1/2/3
1G
10G
40G/100G
400G/1T
Protocols
It won¶t get boring !
SONET
SDH
400G/1T ?
TDM
G.709v3
G.709v1
G.709v2
100 Ghz
Flexgrid
50 Ghz
NG-CDCF
switching
colorless
contenionless
directionless
FOADM
2D-ROADM
MD-ROADM
optical layer
gain/power control
variable gain control
Transient imune,
hybrid amplification
line system
8 ch
96 ch non-DCx
160 ch C+L
EDFA
Raman
hybrid
Integrate
RS-FEC
Concat.-FEC
Turbo S-FEC
channel coding
and modulation
SDO
OOK
DB
DPSK
PM-QPSK
2.5G
10G
40G
100G
34. Thank you !
Specialthanksto :
Finisar, Fujitsu Microelectronic, JDSU, Oclaro, Juniper & ADVA
cglingener@advaoptical.com
IMPORTANT NOTICE
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