A Project On Online Trading of Shares 9886649997

“A STUDY ON ONLINE TRADING OF SHARES”.
CHAPTER - I
INTRODUCTION
E-business describes the use of electronic means and platforms to

conduct business. By this means the company has reduced all kinds of the
paper work and all information are flowing through the computer screen
only.
E-commerce is more specific than e-business. It means that in

addition to provide information to visitors about the company, its history,
policies, and job opportunities the company or the site offer to transact or
facilitate the selling of the products and services online. E-commerce has
given rise in turn to e-purchasing and e-marketing. E-purchasing means
companies decide to purchase the goods and information or services from
various online suppliers. Smart e-purchasing has already saved
company’s million of rupees.
E marketing describes company’s effort to inform, communicate,

promote and sell its products and services over the Internet. E-business
and e-commerce take place over four Internet domains
• B 2 B – business to business:
Online business selling to other businesses. Example
eSteel.com is a steel industry exchange that creates an
electronic market for steel producers and users.
At first B2B e-commerce primarily involved inter-business
exchanges, but a number of other B2B business models have
developed, including e-distributors, B2B service providers’
matchmakers, and infomediaries that are widening the use of
B2B e-commerce.
Regional Institute of Co-operative Management, Banashankari II Stage,

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• B 2 C – business to consumer:
Online business selling to individual consumers.
Example amazon.com is general merchandise that sells
consumer products to retail consumer. Grown exponentially
since 1995, and is the type of e-commerce that most
consumers are likely to encounter.
• C 2 C – consumer to consumer e-commerce:
Consumer selling to other consumers. Example
eBay.com creates a market space where consumers can
auction or sell goods directly to other consumers.
E-commerce provides a way for consumers to sell to each
other, with the help of an online market such as auction site
eBay.
• P 2 P Peer-to-Peer e-commerce:
Use of peer-to-peer technology, which enables internet
users to share files and computer resources directly without
having to go through a central web server, in e-commerce.
Examples Gnutella is a soft ware application that permits
consumers to share music with one another directly, without
intervention of a market maker as in C2C e-commerce.
Definition of Online Trading on the web:
As per the web the sale of goods or services over the
Internet. Customers must enter and submit their credit card
details online; the sale will often proceed without the retailer
and customer ever having personal contact.
Www. Stanlake.co Online trading over the Internet,

without the physical inclusion of a broker. Orders are reports
are entered and returned via terminals.
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Online Trading Patterns:

• Online Trading should be screen-based system only.
• T+ 2 settlement (T means trading day).
• It is a Stock wise and Financial wise.
• Shares or security should be in D-Mat only.
• Penalty clauses should be applied
• Notionally any trade will be done by buying / selling took
place by NSE.
• It is only cheque system but no cash system.
• This is no intermediaries from 1-10-2004.
• It is agreement between stockbrokers and investors.
• It not even through authorized person
• It is transaction is franchisee (hand post) or directly should

register with SEBI (Securities Exchange Board of India)
through respective brokers.
Sources of the online marketing:
In the online marketing the most important is to know the

customer, and in order to know the customers the company must collect
information and store it in the customer’s database and do the database
marketing. A customer database is the organized collection of
comprehensive information about individual customers or prospects that
are current, accessible and actionable for such marketing purpose as lead
generation led qualification.
Database marketing is the process of building, maintain and using

customer’s databases and other databases for the purpose of contacting,
transacting, and building relationship.

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Customer mailing list is totally different from customer database.

A customer mailing list is simply a set of names, address and telephone
numbers. A customer database contains much more information.
Companies accumulate this information through customer transactions,
registrations, and telephone queries. A customer database would ideally
would contain the customer past purchase, demographic, psychographics
and other useful information.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Online community is defined as a gathering of individuals in a

computer mediated environment who are united by a common purpose
and governed by self-determined policies.
Online community has five characteristics they are Purpose, Boundary,

Mutuality Rules, and Self-organization.
Why do people join online trading?
Internet has changed the pace of all activities in all over the world.
The share trading has also been affected with the winds of the changes.
Now the complicated procedure of share trading in share market has
become very easy because of the usage of the Internet in this type of
trading. The customers are getting the trading accounts through which
they can trade in the market. And for paying the money also they have no
need to go anywhere, the money will be debited or credited to customer’s
account automatically. So in the online trading the customers can by
sitting in the home only, trade in the share market.
Online trading will probably be one of the biggest drivers of

penetration as well as successes on the net. Even in India, however
farfetched the idea might be seen, and right now. The reasons for this are

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 A lot more than shares will be traded on the net.
 The savings on customer’s brokerage expenses on online trading

will be one of the most satisfying wages to gate.
 The transparency, anonymity and certainty it offers are surefire

ways to enhance loyalty.
Online Trading on Stock Exchanges:
Stock exchange is an organized market place where

securities are traded. The Government, semi- Government bodies,
public sector undertakings and companies for borrowing funds raising
resources issue these securities. Securities are defined as any monetary
claims and include stock, shares, debentures, bonds etc.
Under the securities Contract Regulation Act 1956, securities

trading are regulated by the Central Government and such trading can
take place only in stock exchanges recognized by Government under
this Act. As referred to earlier there are at present 23 such recognized
stock exchanges in India. Of these, major stock Exchanges, like
Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore etc.
Function of Stock Exchange:
The function of stock exchange can be set out as follows:
• Provides quotation for shares/stocks for facilitating trading and

market ability.
• Extends liquidity to such stock as they are easily marketable

and traded.
• Promotes savings and investment in the economy by attracting

funds for investment in corporate shares and securities.
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Types of Stock Exchange:
In the Stock Exchange securities is leading two Brokers:
a) National Stock Exchange
b) Bombay Stock Exchange
NSE:
NSE in the world 6th best stock exchange it is introduced first

online trading later on regional stock exchange
BSE:
BSE is one of the regional stock exchanges it is private oldest

stock exchange in India, 26 regional stock exchanges in India.
Online trading of shares:
A share is a unit or part of the share capital of the company

having a special value of amount
Sec 2(46) of the company Act of 1956 defines a Share as a “a

share in the share capital of the Co. and includes stock and share is
expressed or implied.
ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE TRADING OF SHARES:
 Investment benefits
 Liquidity is very high
 Transparency trade is available
 To easy for transferability
 Storage stocks are not needed

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 Pledge and hypothecation is easy.
 Quality control is not needed.
 Any loss or gain enjoyed by investors directly.
 We can buy / Selling is very quickly or directly anywhere in the
world.
 Which company shares we want, that can be choosing.
DISADVANTAGES:
• Assessment of the company performance is not proper

means suffering from financial losses.
• The process of Online Trading of Shares is very difficult to

understand for common people.
• Facing problems in Internet like Hackings and Hangings.
EFFECTIVENESS:
• Rates are changing at every second
• We can find easily true value
• We can do technical analysis and charts
• Total number of companies volume is very high compare

to manual trading
Why online share trading?

 Safety
 Security of money and demoting the shares

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 Easy
 Economic
 Independence
 Updated and latest price
 Two way access
 Competitive brokerage
Internet safety:
The safety of transaction on the Internet depends on the encryption
system used. The better this transaction system, the more difficult for any
person to back the site.
Secondly, customers can to ensure the safety of the transaction online.
They normally gets a secured user ID and pass word, the secrecy of
which is to be maintained by customers only.
Thirdly, if the transaction system requires no manual intervention,
customers further improve the safety of the transactions. This enables the
elimination of the possibility of any manual intervention. This means
orders are directly send to the exchanges, ensuring that the customers get
the best right price.
Security of money:
In systems where the broking, banking and demat accounting are
completely integrated, customer’s money remain in his own bank
account, and does not get transferred to the broker’s pool.
Easy:
The experience of trading through Internet depends a great deal on
the type of product offered by the site. Say, for example one of the issues
bothering customers may be tiered of the paper work after every trading

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in writing cheques or TIFDs. Customer would then seek a system that

eliminates these processes. In online trading sites, the greater the back-
end integration of the system, the greater the amount of work do the site
for the customers. Therefore, the greater convenience is available for
them.
For example, in case of ICICIDirect.com broking account, bank
account, and demat account are linked electronically. So when customers
punch in a buy or sell order, the system checks the funds/shares
availability and automatically credits/debits the accounts once the order
been executed by the exchange.
Economical:
Contrary to common perception, trading through Internet does not
require either any expertise in working on computer, or any special
financial skills. Customers could try the demo (demonstration) of the
online trading sites like ICICIDirect.com to find that customers can, with
little or no knowledge about the Internet or finance, have switched on to
online trading. Or they can attend the demonstration sessions held by
such websites in their city. The convenience provided by online trading is
even then worth the cost involved. And online trading sites are not that
costly. For example, a trader can trade shares on margin at rate as low as
0.10% on ICICIDirect.com and if one wishes to trade in cash, then rates
applicable as low as 0.4%. However it is important to compare various
online trading sites on brokerage rates, inclusive of all sub changes.
Independence:
Many of those customers, who have chosen to trade shares online
today, had at one point of time been trading through offline brokers. They
took a change to go online trading and trade shares. After realizing the

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advantages of trading shares online, they have shifted to online trading

now. In fact there are more than one lakh customers already opened an
account with ICICIDirect.com.
Updated Prices:
The tickers available at online trading sites provide instantaneous
updates. Also, some websites con offer to transact in those shares
instantaneously and with convenience. The solution to this problem could
be provided in different ways in different online trading sites.
At ICICIDirect.com, for any trade order, customer is asked to click
“Proceed” after he has the opportunity to completely check the order
verification form.
Moreover the customers have the option to modify or canceling the
order till the moment the order is executed at the exchange.
Finally the online trade confirmation reaches customer’s within 4
minutes. While contract notes are dispatched at the end of the day and
reach within 24 to 36 hours, with ICICIDirect.com customer can decide
what they want to buy and buy the share at price they want to and
therefore they are in total control of their trade.
Two Way Access:
Brokers too gain. In physical setup, they generally refrain from
taking an retain clients, as the cost of service as percentage of the volume
of their transactions tends to be at higher side. With a Net trading
platform, however, the number of profile of clients has little bearing a
broker’s operational efficiency.
Competitive Brokerage:
Net trading has turned out to be a cost effective proposition.
Brokerage is similar to that under the physical setup – 0.25% to 0.35% up
to the transaction value for delivery-based trades and 0.05% to 0.15% for

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speculative trades. The only additional cost for investors opting for the
Net trading route is that of the computer, modem and Internet connection.
Other Services:
Internet has brought to retail investors, what was till sometimes ago
the sole prerogative of large brokerage houses, high net worth
individuals. For example, at ICICIDirect.com one can access multitude of
resources to arrive his stock picks.
Reliable research with an enviable track record is available for
customers. An investor can now access ICICIDirect.com and do his
technical analysis to know what other leading brokers think about a
company, whether it is a buy or a sell.
An investor can access live news from international news agencies
such as Rulers, CNBC, read about what the leading CEOs think about the
state of economy and capital market.

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CHAPTER - II
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction:
Research methods are all those methods/techniques that are used

for conducting to the researcher’s use in performing research. Here more
emphasis is made on collection of the data directly through the customers
with directly interacting with them.
Title of the study:
“A Study on Online Trading of Shares in Bangalore city” A special

reference to investors.
Statement of the Problem:
As online trading of securities has been introduced very recently in

India, so as to help the common people from all over the country to invest
in the share market. To make the share market truly democratic in nature,
it is considered as a vital step.
We are unaware of the market condition. This study is totally

concerned about the expectations and behavior of the online-traders. We
are totally unaware of the investor’s choice of portfolios, their mode of
selecting and investing on securities in net trading and their method of
collection of information about the securities. And it is an effort to know
the online trading of securities and the investors in online trading in a
better way.

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Review of the Literature:
Review of the literature is nothing but the subs seeing fact or

retiring or viewing back of the literature, which is available of the same
time. To the best of the knowledge and believe of the researcher, online
trading is new to the market. So review of the literature is not available
and as per as the study concerned, it is immaterial to review of the
literature.
Objectives of the Study:
The importance objectives of the study are as follows
1. To study the investors preferences towards the portfolios.
2. To study the various methods available to the investors for

investing as per as the portfolios.
3. To study various sources of information for traders/investors.
4. To knows awareness of customers about the online trading.
5. To understand the various online trading patterns utililsing by the

investors.
6. To study the customers opinion towards online trading.
7. To give suggestions and recommendations to the investors.
Scope of the Study:
The study mainly covers the whole Bangalore City. And

respondents are from all age group and all type of profession.
This study finds out the customer’s choice towards the share
trading and their opinion about their investment. This study gives the
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information about the performance of online traders, brokers and the

online sites available as a whole.
Sources of Data:
Two types of data is collected in this study
1. Primary Data
2. Secondary Data
1. Primary Data:
It involves collection of data from sources from which the
researcher directly collect data that have not been previously
collected. In this study, primary data are collected by the use of two
types of methods:
i. Questionnaire
ii. Interviews
In this study questionnaires are used to collect the data from the
respondents, since where the questionnaires are not adequate,
researcher has used personal interview method for collecting data to
draw the effective conclusion.
2. Secondary Data
These are the data collected from various sources, used in addition
to the primary data in the research. The various sources are the
government publications, research organizations, journals, newspapers,
websites etc.

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The website under are.

www.motilaloswal.com
www.investmentz.com
www.outlookmoney.com
www.capitalbuy.com
www.sherkhan.com
www.icicidirect.com
Data Collection Instruments:
1) The research instrument in the study is questionnaire method.
2) Personal interview was conducted along with it.
3) The set of questionnaires were used for all respondents.
Research has mainly one instrument for collecting the primary data, i.e.
questionnaire. Here the questionnaire has been made much easy to
understand and answer, and hence clearly it takes lesser time to respond.
Sampling Design:
Sampling methods or technique may be classified into two generic

types.
a. Probability or random sampling and
b. Non-probability of non-random sampling
a. Probability or random sampling:
It is based on theory of probability. It provides known zero change

for selection of each population element. Under this sampling design
every item of the universe has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample.
It is so to say a lottery method in which individual units are picked up
from the whole group, not deliberately but by some mechanical process.
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b. Non-probability or non-random sampling
It is not based on the theory of probability. This simply does not

provide change of selection of each population element. The only
merits of this type of sampling are simplicity convenience and low
cost.
Non-probability sampling is classified into.
1) Convenience or accidental sampling
2) Judgment sampling
Sample Unit:
In this study the respondents are from whole Bangalore City.
Sample Size:
Sample size has taken 50 respondents.
Sampling Procedure:
In this study non-probability sampling and particularly the

Convenience sampling has been used.
Conceptual Definition of the Study:
Shares:
Share is a share in the Share Capital of the Company. Shares are

the tools, which are giving the ownership rights to its holders.

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Bonus shares:
Bonus shares are shares issued by a company out of its accumulated

profits to the existing equity share holders either as fully paid shares or
partly paid shares free of cost.
Demat:
Demat is the abbreviation for the dematerialization. In this the
shares are kept in the electronic form. In other words Demat means
dematerialization it means from physically form converted into
electronically form.
Demat shares introduced in 1998 earlier days is transaction only
physically like bonds.
Remat:
Remat is the abbreviation for dematerialization. In this electronic
shares are transferred in to the physical form.
Cash Trading:
This is delivery based trading system. This is generally done with
the intention of taking delivery of shares on monies.
Margin Trading:
Customers can also do an intra-trading up o four times their
available funds. Where in they take in long buy/short sell position in
stokes with the intension of squaring of the position within the same
settlement cycle.
Spot Trading:
When customers are looking at an immediate liquidity option,
‘cash on spot’ may work best for them. On selling shares through ‘cash
on spot’, money is credited to their bank account the same evening and
not on the exchange payout date.

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T + 2 settlements:
T (Trading day) + 2 settlement means the settlement of transaction
will be taken place after 3 days from day of transaction. It is controlled by
Government of India under SEBI (Securities Exchange Board of India).
BTST:
Buy Today Sell Tomorrow (BTST) is a facility that allows
customers to sell shares even on day after the buy order date. Without
this, they have to wait for the receipt of shares into their demat account.
Call Trade:
Call Traded allows customers to call on a local number in their city
and trade on the Telephone through customer Service Executives.
Call in Advance:
The amount received from the shareholders before a call is made is
known as calls paid in advance or calls in advance.
Calls in Arrears:
When a call is not paid by the members within the date specified in
the call notice, the amount of call unpaid on the shares is called calls in
arrears.
Surrender of shares:
Surrender of shares means the return (i.e. giving back) of shares by
a shareholder to the company voluntarily for cancellation. It is a shortcut
to the long and cumbersome procedure of forfeiture of shares.
Market Order:
Customers can trade by placing market orders during market hours
that allow them to trade at the best obtainable price in the market at the
time of execution of the order.

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Limit Order:
This allows customer to place a buy/sell order at a price defined by
them. The execution can happen at a price more favorable than the price,
which is defined by them. They can place limit orders during holidays
and non-marketing hours too.
Respondent Profile:
 The numbers of respondents are 50. The respondents belong to the
Bangalore.
 The respondents were from various age groups.
 The respondent’s behavior towards the researcher is friendly and

helping attitude.
 The respondents were eager to give suggestions.
Limitations Of The Study:
1. Questionnaire contained a few number of the questions to

facilitate the respondent.
2. Area under the study was limited.
3. I had limited time to get the detailed information about
Online trading of Shares.

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CHAPTER - III
PROFILE OF NSE/BSE
History of Online Trading in India:
In the mid-nineties screen based trading changed the face of

transactions on Indian business. Net came as a helping hand, which
also enhanced the comfort factor of the investors. Now, it is Internet
based trading. Buying and selling shares via Net that is promising to
take the investing experiences to another plane.
BSE and NSE are the two leading stock exchanges in India. BSE
was established in 1875 and is the oldest in Asia. The NSE was
established as a corporate body in 1993, with the primary objectives of
ensuring nationwide electronic trading, high level of transparency and
faster settlement circle.
The NSE has been playing a catalytic role and has significantly
contributed to the reforming of the secondary market in India in terms
of micro-structure; market practices, trading volumes and use of state
of the art technology. The use of satellite communication technology
for trading, using Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs), enabled
NSE to rapidly expand across the length and breadth of the country.
Subsequently, after the BSE was granted the required site permissions,
it expanded its trading facilities to the remote corners of the land.
Technology and NSE and BSE:
NSE:
TATA Consultancy Services, a division of Tata Sons Ltd. was
selected as the prime contractor and system integrator by the NSE to

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provide a total turnkey solution for the money markets and capital
markets floor less trading system.
The aim was to enable NSE to provide nationwide electronic
trading with highest transparency in the market place. Using the client
server architecture, fault-to-learn computing and in-memory database,
Tata Consultancy Services, solution gave NSE high visibility and impact.
For the year 2004-05 the National Security Clearing and Settlement
System (NSCS) processed settlements for over 172 million trades with a
turnover of around Rs 5, 08,121 crores. In the year 2004-05 nearly 2
million contracts were traded on NSE Future and Option system, with a
national turnover of Rs. 1, 01,925 crores. Here approximately 818
companies listed in NSE.
NSE has the option for trading of securities in both Cash Trading
and Future trading. Hence, while dealing with securities an investor can
negotiate with the price listed in the NSE index.
BSE:
The stock Exchange Mumbai, popularly known as the Bombay
stock Exchange limited is the oldest stock exchange in Asia with a rich
heritage. It was established as “The Native Shares & Stock Brokers
Association” in July 1875 with 22 share brokers. It is the first stock
exchange in the country to obtain permanent recognition in 1956 from the
Government of India under the securities contracts (Regulation) Act
1956.
BOLT, i.e. BSE’s online trading system is designed and developed
by CMC Ltd., now a Tata Group company. This screen based trading
system manual entry method of trading in the ring, and went line on
March 1995. This enabled BSE to provide floor-less and fully automated

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screen based trading facilities in capital market instruments, with equal

access to investors all over the country.
BSE has only the option for trading of securities in Cash Trading.
Hence, while dealing with securities an investor cannot negotiate with the
price listed in the BSE index.
Approximately 5639 companies listed in BSE & around 9400
brokers are trading in BSE & NSE along with 29 foreign brokers
participating in Online Trading.
Online trading potential is very high:
Online trading accounted for 5% of overall market in financial year
2010 as compared to the 3% in financial year 2009. The table below
indicates the growth in volumes of Internet trading segment of NSE
over last few years.
Financial Enabled Registered Trading % Of total

Years members * clients * value (Rs trading
Bn) values
FY01 03 - - -
FY02 61 123,578 73 0.5
FY03 82 231,894 81 1.6
FY04 CM 80 346,420 154 2.5
F&O** 13 69,340 51 1.4
FY05 CM 70 413,454 379 3.5
F&O** 14 164,642 430 2.0
CM – Cash Market
F&O – Future and Option Market
* At the end of Financial Year
** Trading value for Future and Option Segment compiled from June
2008
This growth shows the potential of this segment. This is preliminarily
derived by the increasing penetration of computers, significant decline
in the Internet charges, and convenience of usage and customer
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advantages. The offline brokerage on equity is around 1.0% as

compared to 0.5% online trading.
One big advantage of web trading is that, market lot ceases to

matter. A registered user, just need to log in the corresponding site and
place order confirmation, which may be followed by physical slip.
With Net trading it make little different, where the investor is,; e-
broker gives him real time quotes and a chance to react immediately.
Still to catch on:

Online trading has not yet been taken off for various reasons:
I. The concept is very new.
II. Security concerns (Hacking and Connectivity)
III. Potential investors in India are yet to trust their e-brokers.
Hacking is a problem even with e-banking or e-commerce, and potential

users may well fear to live with this. Connectivity is another major
problem. Right in the middle of hectic trading one may go offline, or the
web may jam during heavy trading.
SECURITIES EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA (SEBI)
SEBI, which was a earlier established as an administrative

body in April 1988, was given a statutory status January 1992. Controller
of Capital Issue (CCI) was abolished with a view to have SEBI as a
single agency to look after control over capital market.
SEBI Act mainly deals with formation, management,

staffing, accounts, reports, and audit of SEBI etc. It is the supervisory and
regulatory authority for the stock and capital markets.
SEBI functions:
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The SEBI can take following measures to fulfill its objectives:-

 Regulate business in stock exchanges and other securities market.
 Control and Regulation of the stock Exchanges and stock brokers.
 Development of stock and capital markets in the right direction.
 Registering and regulating self-regulatory organizations (like stock
Exchanges).
 Promoting investors education and training of intermediaries.
 Prohibiting fraudulent and unfair trade practices relating to
Securities Market.
 Prohibiting insider trading in securities.
 To ensure investor protection.
SEBI Guidelines:
Highlights of the guidelines issued by SEBI are summarized
below.
 At least 60% of each kind of securities issued by company must
offer to public subscription.

 Offer must be made through a prospectus in news papers for a
period not less than three days,

 Minimum capital for listing on stock exchanges – It should be
noted that minimum equity capital requirement for listing on

Bombay Stock Exchange is Rs. 10 crores.
 Fresh issue must be de-materialized – All fresh issue of capital
will have compulsorily got their securities admitted with all

depositories for de-materialization.
 Company shall promptly forward to Stock Exchange copies of
Annual reports, notice, circulars sent to Share Holders.

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CHAPTER - IV
PROCESS AND REQUIREMENTS OF ONLINE TRADING OF

SHARES:
Online Trading is one the true revolutions brought about by the

internet. Few things have changed as much as trading stocks and other
securities, especially for the average person. Where any can come to take
part in the amazing opportunities of the stock market.
But this kind of access also has dangers. While the average person
can now buy stock, participate in the forex market, buy bonds, and
purchase shares in mutual funds, the average person is certainly not
guaranteed success in those investments. The information is provided
here is designed to help familiarize the beginning investor with of the
most basic concepts of the stock market and stock market trading. Stock
market trading system or form of analysis for your investing strategy.
Online Trading is the mechanism of buying /selling securities via

the Internet.
Online Trading Process
The various transaction involved in the online trading can be
shown from the point of view of the
• Client
• Broker
• Stock Exchange
Client:

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Client is a person and he receiving some benefits from brokers

or institutions and is an ultimate consumer.
Broker:
An individual or firm who acts as an intermediary between a
buyer and seller, usually charging a commission. For securities and
most other products, a license is required.
Stock Exchange:
Stock Exchange is an organized market place where securities
are traded. The Government, semi- Government Bodies, public sector
undertakings and companies for borrowing funds and rising resources
issue these securities
The client places an order via net by logging
on to his broker’s site
The broker accepts and executes the order. And

places it with the exchanges
The exchange accepts the order after

checking the share limit for the day
The broker makes the payment either directly

via the client’s bank account or pays through
his own account and recovers it later from the
client
The exchange receives money and completes

the settlement

BANGALORE. - 27
-
The client is intimated about the settlement

either through the De-Mat account or via e-
mail
Benefits of Online Trading:
This mode of trading has shifted the trading power from

stockbrokers to individual investors. The advantages are that it:
 Ensures the best price for the investors:
This technique offers the best price for the buying and selling
transactions of the investors, by ensuring proper matching of their
orders within the communication network itself.
 Offers liquidity to the investors:
Online trading offers 24-hour trading facilities for longer

hours when compared to the traditional stock exchanges. This
provides added liquidity to the investors.
 Offers greater transparency:
Online trading gives transparency to the investors by providing

them an audit trail.
 Enables hassle free trading:

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Online trading integrates the bank, the brokerage firm and the
demat accounts, which leads to easy and paperless trading for the
client.
 Allows quick trading:

The investor will be able to execute the entire trading transaction,
right from logging on to the broker’s site to the execution and
settlement of his bank account, in very short period of time.
 Provides a level playing field:
Trading on the net, gives even the smallest retail investor access
to information that earlier was available only to the big traders.
 Reduces the settlement risk:
This method of trading reduces the settlement risk for the

investor, as in this case no short sale is possible I.e. the seller will not
be able to sell the securities unless he has their actual possession.
Basic Risks Involved in Trading on the Stock Exchanges:
In considering whether to trade or authorize someone to trade for

you, you should be aware of or must get acquainted with the
following:
 Risk of higher volatility:

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Volatility refers to the dynamic changes is price that securities

undergo when trading activity continues on the stock exchange.
Generally, higher the volatility of a security /contract, greater is its
price swings.
 Risk of lower liquidity:

Liquidity refers to the ability of market participants to buy
and /or sell securities / contracts expeditiously at a competitive price and
with minimal price difference. Generally, it is assumed that more the
numbers of orders available in a market, greater is the liquidity.
 Risk of wider spreads:

Spreads refer to the difference in best buy and best sell price. it
represents the differential between the piece of buying a security and
immediately selling it or vice versa.
 Risk reducing orders:

Most exchanges have a facility for investors to place “limit
orders”, “stop loss orders”, etc.
• A “market” order will be executed promptly, subject

to availability of orders on opposite side.
• A “limit” order will be executed only at the “limit”

price specified for the order or a better price.
• A stop loss order is generally placed “away” from

the current price of stock/contract, and such order gets

BANGALORE. - 30
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activated if and when the stock/ contract reaches, or trades

through, the stop price.
 Risk of News Announcements:
Issuers make news announcements that may impact the

price of the securities/ contract.
Investors Rights and Obligations:

 You should familiarize yourself with the protection
accorded to the money or other property you may
deposit with your member, particularly in the event
of a default in the stock market or the broking
firm’s insolvency.
 Before you begin to trade, you should obtain a
clear idea from your member of all brokerage,
commission, fees and other charges, which will be
levied on you for trading.
 In case where a member surrenders his
membership, NSE/BSE gives a public notice
inviting claims, if any, from investors.
 In case where a member is expelled from trading
membership, NSE/BSE gives a public notice
inviting claims, if any, from investors.
General Conditions Applicable to Deal in Cash /Derivative Segments

of NSE/BSE:

BANGALORE. - 31
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(These conditions shall be apply on and effective from the date of this
agreement)
Definition:
Meaning of the phrases used in the agreement unless otherwise

specified or unless the context otherwise requires, the meaning of the
following words and phrases used in this agreement shall be under
 “He” means she and “she” means he
 Singular means plural and plural means singular
 SEBI means Securities Exchange Board of India
 CLIENT means any person, natural or legal with

whom this agreement is entered into.
 Exchange/s means National Exchange of India

Limited and Stock Exchange Mumbai.
 Sub broker means any person appointed as sub broker

and holding valid certificate of registration issued
bySEBI
 Shares means and include all kinds of securities

permitted by Exchange/s permitted for trading or
dealing by the Exchange/s.
CHAPTER - V
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETAION

BANGALORE. - 32
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Based on the primary data collected the analysis has been made the
following data.
THE TABLE-1 SEX WISE DESTRIBUSION OF RESPONDENTS
PTICULARS NO OF PERSENTAGE
RESPONDEENTS
Male 40 80 %
Female 10 20 %
Total 50 100 %
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
From the above table among 50 respondents the majority of

respondents are from a male group whose count was 40 (80%) The
female groups make a share of 10 (20%) total sample respondents.

BANGALORE. - 33
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CHART NO-1
Composition of male and female
20%
80%
1 2
THE TABLE-2 AGE GROUP DISTRIBUTION OF THE RESPONDENTS
PARTICULARS NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
Less Than 25 Years 7 14 %
25 – 35 Years 10 20 %
35 – 45 Years 15 30 %
45 – 55 Years 10 20 %
55 & above 8 16 %
Total 50 100 %
From the above table shows among the 50 respondents 7 (14%)

respondents are below 25 years of age, 10 (20%) respondents are 25 –35
years of age, 15(30%) of respondents are comes under 35 – 45 age
groups , 10 (20%) respondents are comes under 45-55 years and only 8
(16%) respondents are above 55 years.
It shows the majority of investors are 35- 45 age group.

BANGALORE. - 34
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CHART NO- 2
Age Group of Investors
20 15
15 7 10 10 8
10 30%
5 14% 20% 20% 16%
0
Less Than 25 – 35 35 – 45 45 – 55 55 &
25 Years Years Years Years above
Series1 Series2
TABLE-3 QUALIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
Under Graduate 12 26 %
Graduate 18 36 %
Post Graduate 20 40 %
Others 0 0
Total 50 100 %
The above table shows among the 50 respondents 12 (24%) respondents

are graduate, 18 (36%) respondents are graduate, 20 (40%) respondents
are comes under post graduate.
CHART NO- 3

BANGALORE. - 35
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q u a lific a tio n s o f in v e s to rs
25 20
18
20 S e rie s 1
15 12
10
5 0
0
U n d e r G ra d u a t e P o s t O t h e rs
G ra d u a te G ra d u a te
THE TABLE-4 THE OCCUPATION OF THE INVESTORS
PARTICUALARS NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
Business men 20 40 %
Salaried Employee 10 20 %
Retired Employee 6 12 %
Professional 10 20 %
Student 4 8%
Others 0 0
Total 50 100 %
From the above table out of 50 respondents, 20 (40%) are business

men, 10 (20%) respondents are salaried employees, 6 (12%) are Retired
BANGALORE. - 36
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employees and Professional are 10 (20%) and only 4 (8%) respondents

are Students.
CHART NO – 4
Occup atio n o f In vesto rs

8% 0%
20% 40%
12%
20%
B us ines s m en S alaried E m ploy ee
Retired E m ploy ee P rofes s ional
S tudent O thers
TABLE NO-5 ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTMENTS
SECTORS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Banking 8 16 %
Insurance 13 26 %
Manufacturing 3 6%
Infrastructure 10 20 %
IT 11 22 %
Others 5 10 %
TOTAL 50 100 %
ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION:

BANGALORE. - 37
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Among the 50 respondents, 16 % of them have invested in

“Banking”, 26 % in “Insurance”, and 6 % in “Manufacturing”, 20 % in
“Infrastructure”, 22 % in “I T” and 10% in “others”.
By the above table we can consider that 26% insurance, and 20% in
infrastructure, 22%in I Tithes are the major investments sectors in online
trading of shares.
CHAT NO-5

BANGALORE. - 38
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Analysis of Investments
10%
16%
22%
26%
20%
6%
Banking Insurance Manufacturing

Infrastructure IT others
TABLE NO-6ANALYSIS OF DURATION OF INVESTMENT OF INVESTORS
RESPONDENTS
Less than 1 year 21 42 %
1-2 7 14 %
2-4 12 24 %
4-6 5 10 %
More than 6 Year 5 10 %
TOTAL 50 100 %

Among 50 respondents, only 21 people are investing in Online
Trading of Shares for less than 1 year, 7 for1-2 years, 12 for2- 4 years, 5
for 4-6 years and 5 for more than 6 years. It means that 42 % people are
BANGALORE. - 39
-
investing for less than 1 year, 14% for 1-2 years, 24 % for 2-4 years, and
10 % each for 4-6 years and more than 6 years.
The numbers of investors in Online Trading of Shares are

increasing due to increased awareness and prospects of this form of
investment. A gradual increase in the participation in “Online Trading of
shares” can be easily seen in the above table and following graph.
The proper mix of moderate risks and high returns are attracting the
investors to Online Trading of Shares.
CHART NO - 6
The Duration of Investment
10%
10%
42%
24%
14%
Less then 1 year 1 -2 years 2 -4 years 4- 6 years 6 & above
TABLE NO-7ANALYSIS OF SOURCES OF INFORMATION FOR

INVESTORS
RESPONDENTS
BANGALORE. - 40
-
28 %
News Papers 14
8%
Journals 4
18 %
T.V News 9
20 %
Internet 10
4%
Family & Friend 2
22 %
Brokers 11
TOTAL 50 100 %

In Bangalore are among 50 respondents, 28 % get the required
information from “News Paper”, followed by 22 % from “Broker”, 20
% from “Internet”, 18 % from “T.V. News’, 4 % from “Family &
Friends”, and remaining 8 % from “Journals” respectively for their
requirement.
Online traders in Bangalore still depend upon the “News Papers”

for their required information in the Online Trading. Being the cheapest
and readily available means of information, the news papers are more
favorite among them. The second favorite source of information is the
brokers themselves. The brokers give all the necessary information to the
online traders with the periodic updated information of those, followed by
T.V News, Family and Friends and Journal
In the century of Electronic Media, the Printed Media is still a

reliable and favorite source of information for online traders.
CHART NO-7

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Sources of information for Investors
22% 28%
4%
20%
18%
8%
News Papers Journals T.V News

Internet Family & Friend Brokers
TABLE NO-8 OBSERVATION OF THE BSE/NSE SENSITIVE

INDEXES ON THE INVESTMENT
PARTICULARS Yes No TOTAL
NO OF 41 9 50
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE 82 % 18 % 100 %

Among 50 respondents, 41 people analyze the chart pattern of
BSE/NSE sensitive indexes before they go for investing in any security,

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while 9 do not. That is 82 % of the investors go for the analysis of chart

pattern and remaining 18 % does not.
Analysis of chart pattern of sensitive indexes is concerned with

“Technical Analysis”. Since the technical analysis deals with the supply
and demand of securities as reflected in the behavior of the market, the
investors go for it. They are more concerned about the demand and
supply position of securities, as they influence the price of the securities.
Online traders thus do not distinguish between current income and capital
gains.
CHART NO 8

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Follow the Chartpattern of BSE/NSE

Sensitive Indexs before Investment
18%
82%
Yes NO
TABLE NO-9 FACTORS CONDUCTED BY INVESTORS FOR MAKING

INVEVESTMENT
FACTORS Most Very Important Un Not at all TOTAL

Important Important Important Important
Time 14 14 19 0 50
Liquidity 13 19 13 4 1 50
Returns 19 10 13 8 0 50
Safety 16 19 8 5 2 50
Risk 19 10 21 0 0 50
Past 7 16 19 4 4 50
Performance

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-
Marketability 9 7 18 16 6 50
Capital 11 16 14 4 5 50
Appreciation

The 18 % investors has preferred to analyze “Return” at first as the
“Most Important” factor followed by, 17 % called “Safety” as the “Very
Important” factor, 18 % called “Risk” as “Important” factor, 36 % called
“Marketability” as the “Un Important” factor, and 42 % called “Capital
Appreciation” as the “Not at all Important” factor, before investing in
Online Trading of any Security. This can be clearly understood by the
following graphs.
The investors of “Online Trading of Security, are very sensitive

towards the return they expect from their investments. Along with this
fact, they are seeking safety in their investments with avoiding risk as
much as possible. These investors do not consider difference between the
capital appreciation of their fund and the growth of their capital invested.
CHART N0-9.1

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Most Important
Time
10% 13%
Liquidity
8%
Returns
12%
6% Safety
Risk
18% 18% Past Perfomance
Marketablility
15%
Capital Appreciation
CHART N0-9.2

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-
Very Important
Time
Liquidity
Returns
14% 13%
6% Safety
17%
15% Risk
9%
9% 17%
Past Perfomance
Marketablility
CHART N0 - 9.3

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-
Important
Time
Liquidity
Returns
11% 15%
Safety
14% 11%
11% Risk
15%
17% Past Perfomance

6%
Marketablility
Capital
Appreciation
CHART N0 - 9.4

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-
Un Important
Time
Liquidity
Returns
9% 7%
9%
Safety
35% 19%
Risk
12%
9%
Past Perfomance
0%
Marketablility
CHART N0 - 9.5

BANGALORE. - 49
-
Not at all Important
Time
Liquidity
0%
0%
Returns
8%
42% 17% Safety

0%
Risk
33%
Past Perfomance
0%
Marketablility
TABLE NO-10 ANALYSIS OF FCTORS INFLUENCING ON INVESTMENTS

BANGALORE. - 50
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PARTICULARS Most Very Un Not At All TOTAL

Important Important Important Important Important
Economic 50
Growth 18 10 16 6 0
Monsoon and 9 13 16 11 1 50
Agriculture
Inflation 7 18 20 4 1 50
Interest Rates 11 14 20 4 1 50
Foreign 50
Exchange 9 15 14 8 4
Reserve
Tax Rates 11 14 14 11 0 50
Political 50
Situation 11 11 15 10 3
International 50
Changes in 10 11 11 14 4
Capital Market

The 21 % investors has preferred to analyze “Economic Growth” at
first as the “Most Important” factor followed by, 18 % called “Inflation”
as the “Very Important” factor, 16 % called “Interest Rates” as
“Important” factor, 20 % called “International in Capital Market” and
”Tax Rates” as the “Un Important” factor, and 29 % called “Foreign
Exchange Reserve” as the “Not at all Important” factor, before
investing in Online Trading of any Security. This can be clearly
understood by the following graphs.
The Stock market does not operate in vacuum. It is an integrated

part of the whole economy of the country. The growth rate of the
Economy increases the participation in the “Online Trading of

Securities”. As inflation erodes the purchasing power of the investors,

BANGALORE. - 51
-
they prefer to have a close watch on inflation rates before investing. A

low rate of interest is preferred by investors, since when cost of money is
high one cannot compete effectively.
The effect of monsoon is seemed to be less on the online traders. And the
foreign exchange reserve gets the lowest concern from investors, since
our country has enough of it, i.e., second highest in the world.
CHART NO –10.1
Most Important Economic Growth
Monsoon and
Agriculture
Inflation
Interest rates
12%
21%
13% Foregin Exchange
10% Reserve
13%
13% Tax Rates

8%
10%
Political Situation
International
Changes in Capital
Market
CHART NO – 10.2

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-
Very Important
Economic Growth
Monsoon and
Agriculture
Inflation
10%
Interest rates
10%
11% 12%
13% Foregin Exchange

17% Reserve
14%
13%
Tax Rates
Political Situation
International
Changes in Capital
Market
CHART NO – 10.3

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-
Important
Economic Growth
Monsoon and
Agriculture
Inflation
9% 12%
Interest rates
12%
13%
11%
Foregin Exchange
16% Reserve
11%
16%
Tax Rates
Political Situation
International
Changes in Capital
Market
CHART NO – 10.4

BANGALORE. - 54
-
Un Important
Economic Growth
Monsoon and
Agriculture
Inflation
9% Interest rates
20%
16%
15% 6% Foregin Exchange
Reserve
16% 12% 6%
Tax Rates
Political Situation
International
Changes in Capital
Market
CHART NO – 10.5

BANGALORE. - 55
-
Not at all Important

Economic Growth
Monsoon and
Agriculture
Inflation
0%
7% Interest rates
7%
29%
7%
Foregin Exchange
Reserve
29%
21%
Tax Rates
0%
Political Situation
International Changes
in Capital Market
TABLE NO–11CONSIDERATION OF RISK FACTORS WHILE

INVESTING

BANGALORE. - 56
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Rank Rank Rank Rank Rank Rank

TYPE OF RISKS 1 2 3 4 5 6 TOTAL
50
Market Risk 8 11 10 5 7 9
50
Interest-rate Risk 4 14 9 16 4 3
Purchasing Power 50
Risk 11 4 14 7 6 8
50
Business Risk 9 15 5 10 5 6
50
Financial Risk 14 2 4 4 12 14
Default/Insolvency 50
Risk 5 3 9 8 15 10

Among the risks, 27.5 % investors ranked “Financial Risk” the
first, followed by 30 % ranked “Business Risk” as the second, 28. %
ranked “Purchasing Power Risk” as third, 32. % Ranked “ Interest-rate
Risk” as fourth, 30 % ranked “Default/Insolvency Risk” as fifth, and
remaining 17.5 % ranked “Market Risk” as they prefer to cover for their
investments.
The investors want to withdraw their funds as and when required

by them, to make specific payments at specific time periods. They thus
like to have a close watch on the debt financing of the firm they want to
invest. They don not want to invest on those firms which have uncertain
income sources. The purchasing power of the income from a given
investment is also having a great importance on their decision of
investment on a given firm. Uncertainty of future income due to
fluctuation in general level of interest-rate also concerns the investors.
CHART NO-11

BANGALORE. - 57
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C o n s id e r a tio n o f R is k F a c to r s b e fo r e
In v e s tm e n t
14
12
10
8
Scale
0
k
isk
k
Ris
Ris
k
Ris
lR
isk
k
t
rke
ss
Ris
ci a
e
yR
e
rat
Ma
an
sin
r
nc
we
st-
Fi n
Bu
lva
re
Po
Inte
so
ing
lt/In
as
fau
rch
De
Pu
F a c to r s
R a nk 1 R a nk 2 R a nk 3 R a nk 4 R a nk 5 R a nk 6
TABLE NO-12 IMPORTANT FACTORS WHILE SELECTING A

COMPANY TO INVEST

BANGALORE. - 58
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PARTICULAR Most Very Important Un Not At All TOTAL

Important Important Important Important
50
Promoters 23 11 9 6 0
50
Management 9 23 7 11 0
50
Technology 11 16 18 5 0
Product 50
Range 10 9 21 10 0
Marketing 15 16 9 10 0 50

Before investing in a given company, 23 online traders out of 50,
rank “Promoters” as the “Most Important” factor, followed by 23 online
traders who think “Management” of the company is “Very Important”
factor to analyze. Out of 50 investors 21 take “Product Range” of the
company as “Important” factor to analyze, and 10 think, as “Marketing”
is a “Un- Important” factor. None of the traders selected any of the above
factors as “Not At All Important” factor.
The investors are well aware of any company before investing in it.
They know who are the promoters, the efficiency of the management of
the company, the types of technology it is adopting, its product range, its
marketing policies and practices, etc. Online traders give much
importance to the promoters of the company before investing into it. As it
can be seen in above table. Management of the company is also
considered as a very vital factor; as people like to invest in a company
with an efficient management. A company with a number of products in
its hand is also considered as a good one to invest in.
People less often go for evaluating the marketing strategies of the

company before investing into it, as well satisfied with other factors like
BANGALORE. - 59
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“Management”, “Promoters”, “Product Range” etc., they find it

unnecessary.
CHART NO -12
IMPORTANCE OF FACTORS BEFORE INVESTING IN A COMPANY
20
18
16
14
12 Most Important
Very Important
10 Important
Un Important
8 Not At All Important
0
Promoters Management Technology Product Marketing
Range
TABLE NO-13 CONSIDERATIN OF STAGES OF LIFE CYCLE WHILE

INVESTING

BANGALORE. - 60
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RESPONDENTS
Yes 36 72 %
No 14 28 %
TOTAL 50 100 %

Among 50 respondents, 36 people use to analyze the life-cycle of
the particular industry before investing into it, and 14 people do not. Thus
72 % of them go for the study of industry life cycle before investing into
it, and 28 % not.
The purpose of industry analysis is to identify those industries with

potential to earn profit for itself and for the investors. Every industry
undergoes a life-cycle. An industry doing well today may be faced with
stagnation and decline in future.
Investors like to study the phases of life-cycle of industries before

investing into a particular industry. Since Industrial Analysis is one of the
major parts of Fundamental Analysis, knowingly or unknowingly they
are conducting Fundamental Analysis within their limits.
CHART NO – 13
Stages of life cycle of industry before investment

BANGALORE. - 61
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28%
Yes
No
72%
TABLE NO – 14 STAGE OF LIFE CYCLE OF THE INDUSTRY

PREFERRED TO INVEST
PARTICULARS Pioneering Expansion Stagnation Declining TOTAL

Stage Stage Stage Stage
NO OF
RESPONDENTS 11 14 9 2 36
PERCENTAGE 31 % 38 % 24 % 7% 100 %

Among 36 respondents who study the life-cycle of the industries
before investing in a particular industry, 11 like to invest in” Pioneering
Stage”, 14 like to invest in “Expansion Stage” , 9 like to invest in
“Stagnation Stage”, and remaining 2 in “Declining Stage”.

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The online traders prefer to stay as secured as possible by investing

in an industry which is growing or which has grown to its maturity. Thus
they seek benefit by investing in these two stages of life-cycle. A large
percentage of investors also like to invest in industries at “Pioneering
Stage”, showing their ability to take more risk in anticipation of more
return. A very small percentage of investors, 7 % goes for investing in
“Declining Stage”, in expect of unknown benefit they can extract with
sudden boom in the industry.
CHART NO – 14

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T h e S t a g e o f L if e - c y c le o f t h e In d u s t r y P r e
In v e s t
31%
7%
38%
24%
P i o n e e r in g S Et ax gp ea n s io n S St at ag ge n a t io n SDt ae gc elin in g S t a g e
TABLE NO-15 INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS OF ON LINE

TRADING SHARES
Particulars NO OF Percentage
RESPONDETS
No Income 10 20 %
Below Rs.1, 00,000 30 60 %
Rs.1, 00,000 to Rs.2, 00,000 6 12 %
Rs.2, 00,000 to Rs.3, 00,000 4 8%
Rs.3, 00,000 to Rs.4, 00,000 0 0
Rs.4, 00,000 & Above 0 0
Total 50 100 %
ANALIYSIS &INTERPRETATION:

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-
Among the 50 respondents, 10 have no income, 30 are

getting below 1,00,000., 6 are getting 100,000 – 2,00,000., 4 are getting
200,000. - 3, 00,000. And no one is getting 3, 00,000 – 4, 00,000, and
above.
Majority of respondents are getting income in online trading
of shares in the range of below 1, 00,000 (60%). 20% of respondents are
getting negatives income because of their neglected or improper
information about shares.
Who are not satisfied in getting the online shares, so increasing the
awareness about Online Trading of Shares?
CHART NO – 15
Income from Investment
No Income
0%
0% Below
8% 20% Rs.1,00,000
12% Rs.1,00,000 to
Rs.2,00,000
Rs.2,00,000 to
Rs.3,00,000
60% Rs.3,00,000 to
Rs.4,00,000
Rs.4,00,000 &
Above
TABLE NO – 16 ANALYSIS OF ANNUAL SAVINGS OF INVESTORS

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Particulars NO OF Percentage
RESPONDENTS
Below Rs.10,000 30 75 %
Rs.10,000 to Rs.20,000 6 15 %
Rs.20,000 to Rs.30,000 4 10 %
Rs.30,000 to Rs.40,000 0 0
Rs.40,000 & Above 0 0
Total 40 100 %
ANANLYSIS & INTERPRETATION:
Among the 40 respondents 75% were saving below 10,000., 15% are
Rs.10,000 to 20,000., 10% are Rs. 20,000 to 30,000., and No one is
saving are saving are Rs.30,000 to 40,000 and Rs.40,000 & above.
Maximum respondents are savings (30) in this scale of below 10,000.
CHART NO – 16
ANNUAL SAVINGS OF INVESTORS
0%
10% 0% Below Rs.10,000 Rs.10,000 to Rs.20,000
15%
75% Rs.20,000 to Rs.30,000 Rs.30,000 to Rs.40,000
Rs.40,000 & Above
TABLE NO-17 ANALYSIS OF PREFERRED MARKET STRUCTURE

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PARTICULARS Absolute Perfect Imperfect TOTAL

Monopoly Competition Competition
FREQUENCY 24 17 9 50
PERCENTAGE 48 34 18 100

Among 50 respondents, 48 %age of online trader prefer “Absolute
Monopoly”, followed by 34 % of them preferring “Perfect
Competition” and remaining 18 %age go for “Imperfect Competition”.
Online traders prefer to invest in a company which is market

dominant by nature. As these companies dominate the market because of
their core competence like technology or patent rights etc. thus allowing
the investors to milk their investment. 35 % investors, who prefer to
invest in an industry where no single company is dominating, follow
them, thus they go for moderate risk involved investments with limited
growth of their money.
Still a percentage of investors, that is, 18 % of them, like to invest in

an industry with “Imperfect Competition”, since it lies between
“Absolute Monopoly” and “Perfect Competition”, thus enjoying benefits
of both the form of markets.

BANGALORE. - 67
-
CHART NO-17
TYPE OF MARKET STRUCTURE

PREFERED
18%
Absoulate Monopoly
48% Perfect Competition
34%
Imperfect Competition
TABLE NO-18IMPORTANCE OF THE SHARE PRICE

MOVEMENTBSE/NSE INDEXES ON THE INVESTMENTS
PARTICULARS Most Very Important Un Not At All Total

important Important Important Important
FREQUENCY
14 18 11 7 0 50
PERCENTAGE
28 36 22 14 0 100

Among 50 respondents when asked about the importance of the
share price movements in BSE/NSE indexes on their decision of
investing in a particular security, 28 % says its “Most Important”, 36 %
says its “Very Important”, 22 % says its “Important”, 14 % says its “Un
Important”, and none says its “Not At All Important”.

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Online traders prefer technical analysis of the chart pattern. Most

of them take care of the movements of the share prices in the BSE/NSE
indexes. Only a few of them, that is, 15 % of them take it as un-important
factor, it shows their inability to analyze the chart patterns. Though this
group has not rejected the importance of the movement of share prices in
these indexes on their investments
CHART NO-18
Importance of Momvement of
Share Prices in the BSE\NSE
Indexes
14%
18%
50%
11%
7%
0%
Most important Very Important

Important Un Important
Not At All Important Total

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TABLE NO-19 ANALYSIS OF THE TERMS OF PATTERN
PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Short term 30 60
Long term 20 40
Total 50 100

Among the 50 respondents 30 respondents are investing in Short
term and 20 respondents in Long term investments.
There for Shot term investors are popular because it has 60% of the
investment in Online Trading of Shares.
CHART NO-19
Short term or Long term Investors

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1 2
Short term Long term

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TABLE NO – 20 ANALYSIS OF AVERAGE HOLDING PERIOD

FOR INVESTORS
1 Month More
PARTICULARS 1 Week to 3 Within 6 Within than 1 TOTAL
Months Months 1 Year Year
NO OF
RESPONDENTS 9 14 17 8 2 50
PERCENTAGE
18 % 28 % 34 % 16 % 4% 100 %

Among 50 respondents, the average holding period for 9 is “1
Week”, 14 is “1 Month to 3 Month”, 17 is “Within 6 Month”, 8 is
“Within 1 Year”, and 2 is “More than I Year”. Their respective
percentages are 18 %, 28 %, 34 %, 16 %, and 4 % respectively.
Investors of online trading of securities like to hold their securities

for a minimum period. It can be seen by the fact that 80 (18+28+34) % of
the investors hold their securities for 6 or less than 6 months. But they
like to watch the movements of the market for a while before going for
selling their assets, as only 18 % of them hold their securities for 1 week
or less than 1 week.
But still investors are there who would like to hold the securities for
almost one year, and a negligible of them for more than one year. The fast
moving prices of securities and the updated information helps the online
traders to take quick and effective decision at right time

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CHART NO-20
Average Holding Period of Investors
4%
18%
16%
28%
34%
1 Week 1 Month to 3 Months

Within 6 Months Within 1 Year
More than 1 Year
TABLE NO – 21 FAMILIARITY OF ONLINE TRADING SERVICES
RESPONDENTS
36 %
ICICI 18
24 %
HDFC 12
20 %
Peninsular capital market Ltd 10
8%
Motilal Oswal 4
12 %
Kodak 6
0
Tata td Waterhouse 0
TOTAL 50 100 %
Among the 50 respondents, 36 % are familiar with “ICICI”, 26 %
with “HDFC”, 20 % with “Peninsular capital market Ltd”, 8 % with
“Karvy”, 12 % with “Kotak”, and none with “Tata td Waterhouse”.

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In Bangalore, the online traders are aware of ICICI, HDFC and

Peninsular capital market Ltd. As they count for 84 (36+24+20) %. An
excellent service and awareness helps them to win the confidence of
investors.
CHART NO-21
Femiliarity of Online Trading Service
12% 0%
8%
36%
20%
24%
ICICI
HDFC
Peninsular capital market Ltd
Karvy
Kotak
Tata td Waterhouse
CHAPTER - VI

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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
A) FINDINGS:
1. The Male investors 80 % are highly interested in online trading of

shares and Female investors are not so much interested.
2. In the age group of 35 – 45 years (30%) are more interested

investment in Online Trading of Shares and at the age of 25 – 35
years (20%) and 45 – 55 years (20%) are equally interested, only
16% are interested above 55 years.
3. The majority of investors are post graduates (40%) because they

are highly interested in share market. The next majority is Graduate
(36%), and under graduates are only 24%.
4. The Business men 40% are more interested in investments of
shares because of them are having very good knowledge about

share market and its dealings Salaried employee (20%) and
Professional 20% are not having much knowledge about share
market and retired employees and Students 24% are least interested
in investment in online trading of shares.
5. In the insurance sectors 26% are majority invested because it is
more beneficial to the investors and following the next majority IT

22% and Infrastructure 20% are also benefit to the investors and
32% are much selected from other sectors.
6. The majority of investors 42% are investing less than one year
because in recent times share market is very popular to invest and

BANGALORE. - 74
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have high returns and 4 – 6 years and above 6 years investors are
only 20%.
7. The majority collected information through the newspapers (28%)

because it is cheaper than any other sources of information and
have a detailed data and following the next brokers 22% and
internet 20%.
8. From the analysis of data collected we can know that 82% of
investors follow the BSE/NSE sensex chart pattern. 18% investors

are not following chart pattern.
9. Risk (18%) and Return (18%) are both considered most important
factors while investing in shares because they are more effective
factors and capital appreciation are not at all important.
10. The growth rate of the economy 21% increases the participation in
the “Online Trading of Shares”. As inflation 18% erodes the

purchasing power of the investors, they prefer to have a close
watch on inflation rates before investing. A low rate of interest is
preferred by investors, since when cost of money is high one
cannot compete effectively.
11.The effect of monsoon is seemed to be less on the online traders.

And the foreign exchange reserve gets the lowest concern from
investors, since our country has enough of it, i.e., second highest in
the world.
12. Financial risks 27.5% is most important while investing and it is
considered by the investors followed by business risks and

investment risks.
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13. Online traders give much importance to the promoters (23) of the
company before investing into it. Management (23) of the

company is also considered as a very vital factor; as people like to
invest in a company with an efficient management. A company
with a number of products (21) in its hand is also considered as a
good one to invest in.
14.Investors like to study 72 % the phases of life-cycle of industries

before investing into a particular industry.
15. The online traders prefer to stay as secured as possible by investing
in an industry which is growing 38% or which has grown to its

maturity 24%.
16. The majority investors 60 % are getting income form shares below
Rs. 1, 00,000. And respondents who are earning income above Rs.
100,000 (20%) are only 10.
17.Online traders prefer technical analysis of the chart pattern. Most

of them take care of the movements of the share prices in the
BSE/NSE indexes.
18.The majority of investors 75 % the making saving below Rs.

10,000 and above 10,000 savings is only by 25 %.
19. Short term investors are more than the Long term investors because
they have fear that if they hold shares for long period then will
incur the loss.
20.Investors of online trading of shares like to hold their shares for a

minimum period. The fast moving prices of the shares and the
updated information helps the online traders to take quick and
effective decision at right time.
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21. In Bangalore, the online traders are aware of ICICI 36%, HDFC
24% and Peninsular Capital Market Ltd. services 20 %. An

excellent service and awareness helps them to win the confidence
of investors.
22. Online trade the awareness of “Online Trading of Shares” is less in
the traditional investors, showing the need to inform them about it,
and educate them for the investments.
B) SUGGESTIONS
1. The investors should make more investments in “Online Trading of

Shares” as constructing their portfolio. This way they can get more
return from their portfolio.
2. The female investors are less interested in investments so they have

to be encouraged.
3. In the age group of above 55 years are invested very low they have
encourage to invest in online trading shares. Because the age group
includes retired employees.
4. In the shares market retired employee and professionals and
students is less knowledge about share trading they have help to

increases the knowledge about online trading of shares.
5. While constructing the portfolio, the investors should stress more
on capital appreciation, as mere growth of capital without the

growth of purchasing power nullify the growth of capital.
6. Online traders should also take into account the “Monsoon and
Agricultural” factor before investing. Still large part of the earning

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of our country come from the agriculture and it ultimately depends

on monsoon. So the economic condition of our country is lot more
dependent on this factor.
7. People should analyze the marketing strategy of a company, before

investing into it. The marketing function brings the revenue and
ultimately profit to the company and its owners.
8. Online traders should make use of Internet more while making

decision on their investments in online Share market. The use of
Internet can help them to get more and more accurate information,
and hence increase their efficiency.
9. The government and concerned authority like SEBI should take

more efforts to educate people about the “Online Trading of
Shares”, and increase the awareness among them.
C) CONCLUSION:
The investors of “Online Trading of Shares” are very sensitive to

the return on their investment. They use to have a close watch on the debt
financing, the promoters, the product range and the management of the
company, where they want to invest. As a part of their “Economic
Analysis”, they prefer to consider inflation and interest rates of the
economy. While selecting a given industry to invest, these investors like
to invest an industry which is growing or at its maturing stage.
The preferred market structure of investors to invest is one, which

is dominated by a single company. Online traders analyze the BSE/NSE
sensitive indexes to know the demand and supply situation of shares in
the market. The fast moving prices of the securities and the updated
information helps the online traders to take quick and effective decision

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at right time. Online traders do not like to hold their assets for a long
time. Preferably they dispatch them within six month.
In the century of Electronic Media, the Printed Media is still a

reliable and favorite source of information for online traders. Their
favorite source of information is news papers followed by e-brokers.
The people who have not invested in share market earlier usually not
show interest in “Online Trading of Shares”. They are interested in the
traditional instruments of investments like insurance, Infrastructures, IT
etc. These investors need to make aware of “Online Trading of Shares”,
and educate them to make investments in this instrument. The proper mix
of moderate risks and high returns are attracting the investors to Online
Trading of Shares.
Investor’s investments in Online Trading Shares, the investor in

equity enjoys some unique advantages of safety, liquidity and
marketability. And also any investment in shares is wealth of the investor
which is free from for wealth tax. There is no limit to such investments
which can be made for wealth tax purposes.
Totally we have concluded that for investors if increase the

awareness on online trading and investment in shares at correctly
defiantly will increase his\ her future income.

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BANGALORE. - 80
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“A STUDY ON ONLINE TRADING OF SHARES”.

E-business describes the use of electronic means and platforms to

E-commerce is more specific than e-business. It means that in

E marketing describes company’s effort to inform, communicate,

Regional Institute of Co-operative Management, Banashankari II Stage,

Www. Stanlake.co Online trading over the Internet,

Online Trading Patterns:

• It is transaction is franchisee (hand post) or directly should

Sources of the online marketing:

In the online marketing the most important is to know the

Database marketing is the process of building, maintain and using

Regional Institute of Co-operative Management, Banashankari II Stage,

Customer mailing list is totally different from customer database.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Online community is defined as a gathering of individuals in a

Online community has five characteristics they are Purpose, Boundary,

Why do people join online trading?

Online trading will probably be one of the biggest drivers of

Regional Institute of Co-operative Management, Banashankari II Stage,

 A lot more than shares will be traded on the net.

 The savings on customer’s brokerage expenses on online trading

 The transparency, anonymity and certainty it offers are surefire

Online Trading on Stock Exchanges:

Stock exchange is an organized market place where

Under the securities Contract Regulation Act 1956, securities

The function of stock exchange can be set out as follows:

• Provides quotation for shares/stocks for facilitating trading and

• Extends liquidity to such stock as they are easily marketable

• Promotes savings and investment in the economy by attracting

Regional Institute of Co-operative Management, Banashankari II Stage,

Types of Stock Exchange:

In the Stock Exchange securities is leading two Brokers:

a) National Stock Exchange

b) Bombay Stock Exchange

NSE in the world 6th best stock exchange it is introduced first

BSE is one of the regional stock exchanges it is private oldest

Online trading of shares:

A share is a unit or part of the share capital of the company

Sec 2(46) of the company Act of 1956 defines a Share as a “a

ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE TRADING OF SHARES:

 Liquidity is very high

 Transparency trade is available

 To easy for transferability

 Storage stocks are not needed

 Pledge and hypothecation is easy.

 Quality control is not needed.

 Any loss or gain enjoyed by investors directly.

 We can buy / Selling is very quickly or directly anywhere in the

 Which company shares we want, that can be choosing.

• Assessment of the company performance is not proper

• The process of Online Trading of Shares is very difficult to

• Facing problems in Internet like Hackings and Hangings.

• Rates are changing at every second

• We can find easily true value

• We can do technical analysis and charts

• Total number of companies volume is very high compare

Why online share trading?

 Security of money and demoting the shares

Regional Institute of Co-operative Management, Banashankari II Stage,

 Updated and latest price

 Two way access

Regional Institute of Co-operative Management, Banashankari II Stage,

in writing cheques or TIFDs. Customer would then seek a system that