Introduction to Vedic Astronomy

(Source: http://esotericteaching.org/initiate/bhakti-
vaibhava/jyotish/vedic-astronomy/404-introduction-to-vedic-astronomy)

An intuitive knowledge of astronomy is essential for a

Vedic astrologer. It is also helpful for newcomers to
Vedic astrology to conceptualize the astronomical
information abstracted in a Jyotish chart.

Vedic astrology or Jyotish is based on a detailed

understanding of naked-eye observational astronomy. A
competent Jyotishi should be able to understand and
visualize astronomical phenomena like the rotation of the earth and its revolution around
the sun, the equinoxes and other movements of the sun causing the seasons, solar and
lunar eclipses, the concepts of solar and lunar months, the arrangement of the Zodiac and
movements of planets against the
background of stars in the sky.

Astronomy is a highly developed subject

in Vedic culture. The Vedic astronomers
were able to observe and predict the
movements of heavenly bodies with very
accurate timing without the use of
modern instruments, computers or
telescopes. Vedic astronomers used time
measurements based on astronomical
observations accurate to less than one
hundredth of a second. They used
sophisticated astronomical instruments
like the Jantar Mantar, shown here, to
observe heavenly bodies and calculate their present and future positions.

Geocentric Conception

Vedic astronomy and astrology consider the earth as the center, and all other heavenly
bodies move around it. Vedic astronomy and astrology are thus geocentric, and not
heliocentric (considering the Sun as the reference point) like Western astronomy and
astrology.

Vedic astrologers are well aware that nothing in the universe is stationary. Therefore it is
irrelevant to consider the movements of earth and other heavenly bodies in relation to an
arbitrary fixed point, such as the sun. It is far more convenient and practical to simply
consider the surface of the earth as the central point, and calculate the motions of the
bodies of the universe from their actual observed positions in the sky.

In other words, Vedic astronomy

considers the position and movement of
all heavenly bodies in relation to the
earth. Vedic astronomy and astrology
consider the earth as the center, and all

other heavenly bodies move around it. Vedic

astronomy and astrology are thus geocentric, and
not heliocentric (considering the Sun as the
reference point) like Western astronomy and
astrology.

The Vedic sages certainly were not ignorant of

Earth’s motion around the Sun. Vedic astronomy understands quite well that the Sun is
the center of the solar system. But the Earth, the other planets, the Sun and even the
Galaxy are all in constant relative motion. From which point do we measure all this
movement? We live on the Earth and see the universe from this vantage point; so for
Vedic astronomy, the most practical and convenient fixed point is the pole star, currently
Polaris or Dhruva-loka in Sanskrit.

The Zodiac
The Zodiac is the path that the planets follow as they
move relative to the background of fixed stars. You can
visualize the Zodiac as a belt in the sky, about 18 degrees
of arc in width, running around the earth in an east-to-
west direction. Several groups of fixed stars are studded
along this imaginary belt, divided into groups called
Rāśis and Nakṣatras.

The fixed stars are divided into two sets, one of twelve
groups and another of twenty-seven groups. The twelve
groups, based on the motion of the Sun are called Signs or Rāśis; the twenty-seven
groups of stars are called Nakṣatras, stellar mansions or asterisms. This imaginary belt,
with 12 Rāśis and 27 Nakṣatras ranged along on it, is called the Zodiac.

The Zodiac and its divisions of Rāśis and Nakṣatras is the reference for establishing the
position of any planet or star in the sky. Since it encircles the earth, it is comprised of 360
degrees. The twelve Rāśis each occupy 30° of arc along the Zodiac, and the twenty-seven
Nakṣatras, being equal in size, each span 13°20'.

The heavenly bodies called planets or Grahas move, generally from west to east, in front
of the background of the fixed Rāśis and Nakṣatras. The name Graha (graha = Sanskrit
‘to catch hold of’) derives from the fact that while moving against the background of the
Nakṣatras, they appear to get hold of one Nakṣatra after the other. Vedic astrology
recognizes nine Grahas: Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn, Rahu and
Ketu. Of course, the Sun is a star, the Moon is a satellite of the earth, and Rahu and Ketu
are mathematical points on the Zodiac, but Vedic astronomy and astrology refer to all of
them as Grahas. The Grahas (appear to) revolve around the earth along the path of the
Zodiac.

The apparent path of the Sun along the Zodiac is

called the ecliptic, because all eclipses occur
along this line. The ecliptic passes through the
center of the Zodiac, which is inclined at an angle
of 23°28' to the plane of the Earth’s equator.

The Geocentric Framework

The most basic Vedic astronomical concepts used in

Vedic astrology require an understanding of the earth, its
movements, and the apparent movements of the planets
around the earth. Putting all these in perspective is basic
to visualizing the cosmic situation abstracted in an
astrological chart.
The earth is a sphere that rotates from west to east around its axis. The axis of the earth is
an imaginary line which connects the north
pole and the south pole, passing through its
center. Another imaginary line running around
the largest circumference of the earth,
equidistant from its poles, in an east-west
direction is the equator. The terrestrial equator
is considered as the zero degree of latitude.
Parallels drawn to the equator, either north or
south of it, indicate the north or south
latitudes, from zero degree at the equator to 90
degrees at either pole.

Imaginary lines can also be drawn on the

surface of the earth connecting the north pole
to the south pole. Encompassing the
circumference of the earth, these correspond
to the 360 degrees of longitude. They are also known as the terrestrial meridians. At
present, the meridian passing through Greenwich in England is regarded as corresponding
to zero degree of longitude.

The longitudes are marked from zero to 180 degrees east or west of Greenwich. The
coordinates of latitude and the longitude locate places accurately on the surface of the
earth. The 360 degrees of terrestrial longitude represent a time span of 24 hours, or one
complete rotation of the Earth. One hour thus corresponds to 15 degrees of longitude, or
one degree of longitude represents 4 minutes of time.

A great circle is any circle whose plane passes through the center of the earth. The
equator is a great circle on the earth, equidistant from the north and south poles. Any
circle on a sphere whose plane does not pass through the center of a sphere is called a
small circle. The equator is a great circle representing zero degrees latitude, and all
parallels to it representing the north or south latitudes are small circles.

The meridian passing through Greenwich corresponds to zero degree of longitude, and is
termed as the principal meridian or the standard meridian. The angular distance between
the Greenwich meridian and the meridian of a given place is called the longitude of a
place. Longitude can also be described as the angle between the principal meridian and
the meridian of a given place. The Sun crosses the meridian of any place at noon. The
intersection of the ecliptic (the sun's apparent path around the earth) with the meridian of
any place is called the zenith or midheaven.
 The extension of the
coordinates of
latitude and longitude
into space and their
projection on the
Zodiac is of primary
importance to Vedic
astronomy. Just as
parallels of latitude
and meridians of
longitude help to
locate a place on the
surface of the
terrestrial sphere,
their extensions as
parallels of
declination and
meridians of right
ascension help to
locate heavenly
bodies on the
celestial sphere.

The space around the

earth extends to
infinity. The Celestial
Sphere is an imaginary projection of the earthly coordinates of latitude and longitude into
space. The Celestial Sphere has the same components as the terrestrial coordinates
described above. The projection of the terrestrial equator into space is called the celestial
equator. Similarly the projection of the meridians of longitude join the celestial north and
south poles of the Celestial Sphere, and the projections of the small circles of north and
south latitude parallel the celestial equator, just as they do on Earth.

The declination or longitude of a planet or other object is the angle between its position
and the celestial equator. A planet at the terrestrial equator is said to possess zero degree
declination. The declination of a planet thus corresponds exactly with the terrestrial
latitude where it would be exactly overhead. The right ascension or latitude of a planet is
the angle, measured eastwards along the celestial equator, from the vernal equinox to the
point where the object’s meridian intersects the celestial equator.

The earth rotates once about its own axis every twenty-four hours. Along with this
rotation, it also revolves around the Sun in one year or 365.2422 days (365 days 5 hours
48 minutes 46 seconds). This span of time is called a tropical year. The path of the earth
around the Sun appears from the earth as the Sun's path around the earth, and is called the
ecliptic.

The equator runs around the middle of the earth, dividing it into northern and southern
hemispheres. The ecliptic, or Sun's path, does not lie exactly along the equator, but is
inclined to it. Half of the Sun’s path thus lies to the north of the equator, and a half of it to
the south of the equator. The Vedic sages were well aware of this. Aryabhatta wrote over
fifteen centuries ago:

"One half of the ecliptic, running from the beginning of the Rāśi Aries to the end of
the Rāśi Virgo, lies obliquely inclined (to the equator) northwards. The remaining
half (of the ecliptic) running from the beginning of the Rāśi Libra to the end of the
Rāśi Pisces, lies (equally
inclined to the equator)
southwards."

The Sun crosses the

equator twice a year,
giving rise to two
equinoxes. The vernal
equinox happens around
March 21st, when the Sun
crosses the equator on its
northerly course. The
autumnal equinox occurs
around September 23rd
when the Sun is on its
southerly course. On these
two days, the Sun is
vertically above the
equator and the day and
night are of equal duration
all over the globe. The declination of the Sun at equinox is zero, as the terrestrial equator
represents zero degrees latitude.

After vernal equinox, the Sun moves progressively to the north until it reaches a
maximum declination of 23°28'. This occurs around June 21st and is known as the
summer solstice. The northern hemisphere experiences the longest day and the shortest
night of the year on this occasion, when the Sun is directly above the tropic of Cancer.
The reverse holds true for the southern hemisphere.

After the autumnal equinox, the Sun pursues a southward course. It attains a maximum
southern declination of 23°28' at the winter solstice around December 22nd when it is
vertically above the tropic of Capricorn. The northern hemisphere experiences the
shortest day and the longest night of the year on this occasion. The reverse holds true for
the southern hemisphere. The obliquity of the ecliptic to the equator thus causes the
seasons. When it is winter in the northern hemisphere, it is summer in the southern
 hemisphere. When it is
summer in the northern
hemisphere, it is winter
in the southern
hemisphere.

The horizon is the

great circle at the
meeting of the earth
and the sky. It varies
according to the
position of the
observer on the surface
of the earth. For
example, for an
observer at the north
pole of the earth, the
horizon corresponds
with the equator while
the southern
hemisphere remains
out of view. For one
standing at the equator,
the great circle passing
through the poles represents the horizon; the two poles lie on the horizon in this case. For
any intermediate positions, the horizon too varies accordingly. More and more of the
southern hemisphere moves out of the horizon as the observer moves northward, and
more and more northern hemisphere moves out of the horizon as the observer moves
southward.

The point of the celestial sphere which is directly overhead for the observer is
called as the zenith. This is at right angles to the observer's horizon. Its opposite
point is known as the nadir. The great Circle that passes in a north-south direction
through the zenith and the nadir, through the celestial north and south poles (i.e.,
the north and south poles of the equator) and through the north and south points of
the horizon is called the meridian which has been already referred to.

Rāśis and Nakṣatras

When the Zodiac is divided into twelve equal parts, each
part extends over 30 degrees of arc. Such a division is
called an astrological sign or Rāśi. A Rāśi consists of two
and a quarter Nakṣatras. A particular group of stars in the
Zodiac is considered as the starting point of the Zodiac
and the twenty-seven Nakṣatras and the twelve Rāśis
begin from this point. A planet located along the Zodiac is located in a particular Rāśi,
according to which division of the Zodiac it is in; it is also located in a particular
Nakṣatra, depending upon which twenty-seventh division of the Zodiac it is in.

The planets from the Sun to Saturn have been allotted the ownership of these Rāśis.
While the Sun and the Moon own one Rāśi each, the remaining planets own two Rāśis
each. Rahu and Ketu are not given ownership of Rāśis because as shadow planets they
have no physical forms. The names of the twelve Rāśis and the twenty-seven Nakṣatras,
and their extent in the Zodiac, etc., are given in the Tables below.
A segment of the Zodiac extending from 6°40'0" to 10°53'20" of Makara Rāśi, involving
the last quarter of Uttarashadha, the twenty-first Nakṣatra and the beginning of Shravana,
the twenty-second Nakṣatra, is sometimes considered as a separate Nakṣatra by the name
Abhijit. This addition increases the total number of Nakṣatras to twenty-eight. In this
situation, Abhijit is considered the twenty-second Nakṣatra, and the subsequent
Nakṣatras from Shravana onwards change numbers from 23 to 28, instead of 22 to 27.

The Rising and setting of the Rāśis

Written by David Bruce Hughes

The earth rotates around its axis from west to east once
every twenty-four hours. Therefore, the entire sky,
including the Zodiac, with its fixed Rāśis and Nakṣatras,
appears to revolve around the earth from east to west
every twenty-four hours. Thus all the Rāśis and
Nakṣatras of the Zodiac appear to rise on the eastern
horizon and set on the western horizon in the course of
every day.

The ecliptic
passes through
the center of
the belt of the
Zodiac, which
extends 9° on
either side.
The planets
move within
the limits of
the Zodiac.
The earth
rotates around
its axis from
west to east
once every
twenty-four
hours.
Therefore, the
entire sky,
including the
Zodiac, with its fixed Rāśis and Nakṣatras, appears to revolve around the earth from east
to west every twenty-four hours. Thus all the Rāśis and Nakṣatras of the Zodiac appear to
rise on the eastern horizon and set on the western horizon in the course of every day. Six
of the twelve Rāśis appear on the eastern horizon during the day, and the other six during
the night. At any particular time, six of the twelve Rāśis and half of the Nakṣatras appear
in the sky above the horizon, and the other six are invisible below the horizon.

The Rāśi rising on the

eastern horizon at the
moment of birth is of
primary importance; it
is called the Rising
Sign, Ascendant or
Lagna. The seventh
Rāśi from Lagna is the
Descendant or setting
Rāśi. That is, when a
particular Rāśi is
rising in the eastern
horizon, its opposite
Rāśi is setting in the
western horizon. The
Descendant is always
the seventh house of a
horoscope.
 The points where the meridian
intersects the ecliptic are the Medium
Coeli (above the horizon, in the
southern sky) and the Imum Coeli
(below the horizon, exactly opposite
to the Medium Coeli). At any location
on the earth, the zenith is directly
overhead and the nadir is straight
down, exactly opposite to the zenith.
The zenith or midheaven and the
Medium Coeli are located in the tenth
house in a horoscope, while the nadir
and the Imum Coeli are in the
fourth house.

Sidereal Time
The earth rotates around its axis
in 24 hours; this is called a mean
solar day. A sidereal day is 3 minutes and 56 seconds, or roughly 4 minutes shorter than
the mean solar day. Why is the mean solar day longer than the sidereal day?

The earth rotates around its axis in 24 hours; this is called a mean solar day. From noon
to noon is exactly 24 hours. In other words, the mean solar day is the time interval of
earth's rotation in relation to the Sun. However, the earth completes one rotation with
reference to any fixed star in the Zodiac in exactly 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4.09 seconds, to
be precise. One rotation of the earth in relation to a fixed star is called a sidereal day. In
other words, a sidereal day is the time interval between two successive transits of a fixed
star over the meridian of a place. A sidereal day is 3 minutes and 56 seconds, or roughly
4 minutes shorter than the mean solar day.

Why is the mean solar day longer than the sidereal day? By the time the earth rotates
once with reference to a fixed star, i.e., in one sidereal day, the Sun has moved by
approximately 1° further along the Zodiac. In order for the earth to achieve the same
position with reference to the Sun, it has to rotate an extra 1° thereby consuming
approximately 4 additional minutes each day.

A sidereal day consists of 24 sidereal hours. Time reckoned according to this method is
called the sidereal time. Since the sidereal time considers the angular rotation of the earth
in relation to the fixed stars of the Zodiac, the earth will attain the same position with
reference to the Zodiac every day at the same sidereal time. In other words, for any
location, for the same sidereal time, the disposition of the Rāśis of the Zodiac (including
the rising Rāśi, the setting Rāśi, the tenth house, the 4th house, etc.) will be the same.
This is the reason why it is essential to obtain the correct sidereal time for the purposes of
erecting an astrological chart for any given moment of mean solar time as provided by
the watch.
Vedic Time Units
The Vedic seers used an elaborate method of reckoning
time. They combined genius with religion so that it
appeals to the intellectual and the devotee alike.

There were several systems of time units for different

purposes.Time is fundamental to all science. All different
branches of knowledge and phenomena are under the
supreme control of kāla, the plenary representation of the
Supreme Personality of Godhead as eternal time. Nothing
exists without Him, and therefore everything, however
wonderful it may appear to our meager knowledge, is but
the work of the magical time potency of the Supreme
Lord. The astrological signs represent the bodily parts of His celestial form, called the
Kala-puruṣa. So ultimately all aspects of time are but different manifestations of the
Lord.
The Vedic seers had an elaborate method of reckoning time. They combined genius with
religion so that it appeals to the intellectual and the devotee alike. The Vedic sages had
many units and systems of time measurement according to the particular application. The

following table compares some Vedic units of time with

their Western equivalents. On the right is a logarithmic
graph comparing the duration of various units of time.

The Vedic sages also had a complete set of angular

measurements, even finer than our Western units:
Precession of the Equinoxes

The vernal equinox moves westward at a rate of

approximately 50.26 seconds of arc each year. This
precession causes a slow increase in the right ascension
of the Zodiac. This precession takes 25,800 years to
complete one circle. That Vedic Astrology takes this
gradual precession into account is the principal difference
between it and Western astrology.

The earth revolves around

the Sun once in 365 days,
5 hours, 48 minutes and
46 seconds. Considered
from the earth, the Sun
appears to complete one
round of the ecliptic
during this period, which
is called a tropical year.
The earth regains its
original angular position
with the Sun in the span
of a tropical year. A tropical year is also called a year of seasons, since occurrence and
timing of the seasons depend on this annual Earth-Sun cycle. If we consider the
revolution of the Sun around the earth from one vernal equinox (around March 21st,
when the day and night all over the globe are equal) to the next, it takes exactly one
tropical year.

However, if we consider the position of the earth with reference to a fixed star of the
Zodiac such as first degree of Meṣa (Aries) or the end of Revati Nakṣatra, at the end of a
tropical year the earth appears to lie some 50.26 seconds of celestial longitude to the west
of its original position. In order for the earth to attain the same position with respect to a
fixed star after one revolution, it takes a time span of 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes and
9.5 seconds. This duration of time is called a sidereal year. The sidereal year is just over
20 minutes longer than the tropical year; this time difference is equivalent to 50.26
seconds of celestial longitude. The difference between the tropical year and the sidereal
year is similar to the difference between the solar day and the sidereal day. Each year, the
Vernal equinox will fall short by 50.26 seconds along the Zodiac reckoned along the
fixed stars. This continuous receding of the Vernal equinox along the Zodiac is called the
precession of equinoxes.

Cause of the precession: The earth rotates around its axis like a spinning top. In doing so,
its north pole (and, therefore, the celestial pole), describes a circle of some 47 degrees
around the pole of the ecliptic. In other words, the point where the plane of the equator
intersects the plane of the ecliptic is constantly shifting. This point, 0° Aries or the Vernal
Equinox, moves westward at approximately 50.26 seconds of arc each year. This is called
the precession of the equinoxes. The result of this precession is a slow increase in the
right ascensions of the Zodiac. This precession takes 25,800 years to complete one circle.
An appreciation of this precession is of great importance in understanding the basic
concepts of Vedic astrology.

Fixed and Movable Zodiacs: The fixed or

the sidereal Zodiac considers the Nakṣatras
as its basis. Its first degree begins as the
first degree of Meṣa (Aries) from a
particular point in the Revati Nakṣatra.
There is another Zodiac, however, which is
reckoned from the Vernal equinoctial point;

here the first point of Aries begins from the

Vernal equinox. This is called the movable
or the tropical Zodiac. As has been seen,
the movable Zodiac continues to recede
westward along the stars which
characterize the fixed Zodiac.

Because of the precession of equinoxes, the

distance between the Vernal Equinox (the
1st point of the movable Zodiac) and the
1st point of Meṣa (Aries) on the fixed
Zodiac has been progressively increasing at
a rate of 50.26 seconds per year. This
distance at any given time is called as the
Ayanamṣa, the difference between the fixed and movable Zodiac. The system that
considers the fixed Zodiac is called the Nirāyaṇa (without ayana or movement) system,
while the one that considers the movable Zodiac is called the Śayana (with ayana)
system. The Niryāṇa values of planetary longitudes can be obtained by subtracting the
Ayanamṣa for a given time from the Śayana longitudes.

The Niryāṇa and the Śayana Zodiacs coincided in the year 285 AD when the Ayanamṣa
was zero. At the rate of precession of equinoxes stated above, the Ayanamṣa on the 1st of
January, 1995 is 23°47'26". The equinoctial precession completes one round in
approximately 26,000 years, as mentioned earlier, so that the fixed and movable Zodiacs
coincide regularly after this time span. The Ayanamṣa reckoned on the basis of
considering the year 285 AD as the year when the Śayana and the Niryāṇa Zodiacs
coincided is called the Citrapakṣa Ayanamṣa.

Visualizing a Chart Using Stellarium

Here is something really cool that you can do to visualize

the way the sky looked at the time of someone's chart.
We use the Stellarium planetarium software to generate a
picture of the sky at the time and place of Uddhava's
birth, and then compare this with what we would expect
to see from his chart.

First of all, here is Uddhava's birth chart:

As you can see, the Lagna is in Dhanuh (Sagittarius). So we would expect to see
everything from 13º Dhanuh to 13º Karkata (Cancer) below the horizon, and the other
side above horizon. If we take this chart and turn it so that the Lagna is on the eastern
horizon, we get this:

Now we set up the Stellarium

for his birth time and location,
and after adjusting the
projection, we get this:

We are looking toward the

north. The green tinted area is
below horizon, and the thin
orange line is the ecliptic. The
declination lines, spaced every
hour of right ascension (15º),
converge on the north celestial
pole. You can see the planets
exactly in the positions we
would expect them to be from
the chart.

This is why I prefer the Southern format for charts: it gives you an accurate picture of the
sky from the point of view of standing on the earth, facing north. The square form makes
it very easy to notice angles, Drsti and Argala. The Northern and Western charts put you
in a spaceship flying over the Solar System. But Parasara clearly says that we use the
earth-centric view because that is our observing point and also where the effects are felt.
It's intuitive, and makes an old star-gazer like me feel right at home.

Effects of the Rāśis in Various Bhavas

BPHS Chapter 46 Slokas 131-154

Effects of Kāla Cakra Daśā of the Rāśis in Lagna and other Bhavas:

131-132. In the Kāla Cakra Daśā of the Rāśi in Lagna the body remains healthy and the
native spends a life with many kinds of comforts. If the Lagna Rāśi is a benefic one, the
good effects are realized fully. If the Lagna Rāśi is a malefic Rāśi, there is likelihood of
ill health. If a Graha in exaltation, or in its own Rāśi occupies Lagna, the native is
respected by the king or government and acquires wealth.

133-134. In the Cakra Daśā of the Rāśi in Dhana the native receives good food, enjoys
happiness of wife and children, gains wealth, achieves progress in the educational sphere,
becomes a clever conversationalist and moves in good society. If the Rāśi be a benefic,
good effects are realized in full, otherwise the effects would be of a mixed nature.

135-136. Happiness from co-borns, Dṛṣṭi, patience, comforts, acquisition of gold,

ornaments and clothes and recognition by the king, or government, are the effects in the
Kāla Cakra Daśā of the Rāśi in Sahaja. If the Rāśi is a benefic, the good results are
realized in full, otherwise adverse effects may also be experienced.

137-138. Good relations with kinsmen, acquisition of land, houses, or a kingdom,

conveyances and clothes and enjoyment of sound health, are the effects of the Cakra
Daśā of the Rāśi in Bandhu. If the Rāśi is a benefic one, the good effects are realized in
full. If it is a malefic Rāśi, adverse results are also experienced.

139-140. Being blessed with wife and children, favours from Government, enjoyment of
sound health, good relations with friends, achievement of fame, good progress in the
educational sphere, patience and Dṛṣṭi are the effects of the Cakra Daśā of the Rāśi in
Putra. If the Rāśi is a benefic one, the good results are enjoyed in full. If the Rāśi is a
malefic one, adverse effects are also experienced.

141-142. Danger from the king, fire and weapons and the possibility of suffering from
diabetes, Gulma and jaundice are the effects in the Cakra Daśā of the Rāśi in Ari. If the
Rāśi is a malefic one, the above adverse effects will be experienced in full. There will be
some mitigation of the evil effects in the case of a benefic Rāśi.

143-144. Marriage, conjugal happiness, being blessed with children, gain of agricultural
products, cows and clothes, favours and recognition from the king and achievement of
fame, are the effects in the Cakra Daśā of the Rāśi in Yuvati. The beneficial results will
be experienced in full, if the Rāśi is a benefic one. Meagre good effects will be realized in
the case of a malefic Rāśi.

145-146. Destruction of a residential house, distress, loss of wealth, poverty and danger
from enemies are the effects of the Cakra Daśā of the Rāśi in Randhra. The adverse
effects will be realized in full, if the Rāśi is a malefic one. Some mitigation in evil effects
may be expected in the case of a benefic Rāśi.

147-148. Felicity in respect of wife, children, house, agricultural activities, performance

of good and pious deeds, progress in religious inclinations and privilege of moving in the
society of great religious leaders, are the effects in Chakra Dasa of the sign in the ninth
house (Dharma Bhava). These of a benefic sign. Very meager good effects will be
experienced in the event of the sign being a malefic one.

149-150. Acquisition of kingdom, recognition from the king, happiness from wife and
children, success in ventures and performance of pious deeds are the effects in the chakra
dasa of the sign in the 10th house. The good results will be realized in full in case of a
benefic sign. If it is a malefic sign, the good effects will be few.

151 - 152. Felicity from wife, children and kinsmen, receipt of favors from government,
acquisition of wealth and clothes and association with good people, are the effects in the
Chakra Dasa of the sign in the eleventh house (Labha Bhava). The good effects will be
enjoyed in full in the case of a benefic sign. Very little good will happen in the sign be a
malefic one.

153 - 154. Failure in efforts and ventures, pain in the body, loss of position, poverty and
unnecessary expenditures are the effects in the Kalachakra Dasa of the sign in the twelfth
house (Vyaya Bhava). The adverse effects will be experienced in full in the case of a
malefic sign. Some good may happen if the sign be a benefic.

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