Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Define pacemaker

Answer:
It is an electrical pulse generator for starting and/ or maintaining the normal heart beat. the output of
the pacemaker is applied either to the chest or internally to the heart muscle.

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is the pulse to space ratio of cardiac pacemaker?

Answer:
pulse to space ratio: 1: 10000

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is pulse repetition rate of cardiac pacemaker?

Answer:
pulse repetition rate: 70 pulse/ min

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is meant by defibrillator?

Answer:
The instrument for administering the electric shock is called defibrillators

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What are the types of defibrillator

Answer:
two types
1. Internal defibrillator
2. External defibrillator

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is the necessity of D.C defibrillator?
Answer:
Unlike A.C. defibrillator the D.C. defibrillator would not produce undesirable side effects and at the
same time, it produces normal heart beat effectively. here the ventricular fibrillation is terminated
by passing a high energy shock through discharging a capacitor to the exposed heart, or to the chest
of the patient

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is Dialysis?

Answer:
The treatment of acute and chronic renal failures is called dialysis in which the waste products are
removed and restoration of normal pH value of the blood is obtained by an artificial kidney
machine.

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is Extracorporeal dialysis?

Answer:
Blood is purified by an artificial kidney machine called Extracorporeal dialysis.

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is Intracorporeal dialysis?

Answer:
The peritoneal cavity in our body is used as a semipermeable membrane & by passing the dialysate
into it, waste products are removed from the blood by diffusion

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Define fulguration

Answer:
By passing sparks from a needle or ball electrode of a small diameter to the tissue, the developed of
heat dries out the superficial without effecting deep- seated tissues. this is called fulguration

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Define coagulation
Answer:
When the electrode is kept near the skin the high frequency current is sent through the tissue in the
form of burst and heating it locally is called coagulation

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Define blending

Answer:
When the electrode is kept above the skin, the separated tissues or nerves can be welded or
combined together by an electric arc. this is called blending

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is LASER?

Answer:
LASER is light amplification by stimulated emission of Radiation

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Give the advantages of laser surgery
Answer:
highly sterile
highly localized and precise

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Give the medical applications of lasers

Answer:
non contact surgery
dry- field, almost bloodless surgery
short period of surgical time
no electromagnetic interference on monitoring instruments.

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is physiotherapy?

Answer:
Physiotherapy also referred as a physical therapy, involves evaluating diagnosing, and treating a
range of disease, disorders, and disabilities using physical means. practiced by physiotherapists or
physical therapists, physiotherapy is considered within the realm of conventional medicine. though
physiotherapy is typically practiced by physical therapist, certain tasks may be delegated to trained
assistants or other types of health professionals.

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is short wave diathermy?

Answer:
Short wave diathermy is the therapeutic elevation of temperature in the tissues by means of an
oscillating electric current of extremely high frequency

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is micro wave diathermy?

Answer:
Its an electromagnetic wave used for treatment purpose with wavelength between infra red rays and
short wave diathermic waves.
The heat energy obtained from the wave is used for giving relief to the patient.
Treatment settings: Microwave diathermy used for treatment is of wave length 12.25 cm. frequency
- 2450 cycles/sec.

Question:
what is the Different methods of simulation?

Answer:
External simulation, Internal simulation

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Name the pars that contain peripheral nervous system

Answer:
The nerve fibers outside the central nervous system called peripheral nerves. it consists of motor
and sensory nerves

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is Electrotheraphy?

Answer:
Stimulators are the devices which are used to stimulate innervated muscles, denervated muscles and
nerves. further these are used for the treatment of paralysis with totally or partially denervated
muscles, for the treatment of pain, muscular spasm and peripheral circulatory disturbances. this
technique is called Electrotherapy which uses low volt, low frequency impulse current.

Unit number: 3 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is the function of ventilators?

Answer:
A ventilator issued to provide oxygen enriched, medicated air to a patient at a controlled
temperature.

Unit number: 3 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Define humidifier

Answer:
Humidifier is used to prevent damage to the patients lungs, the applied air or oxygen must be
humidified either by heat vaporization or by bubbling an air stream through a jar of water

Unit number: 3 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Define nebulizer

Answer:
In nebulizer the water or medication is picked up by a high velocity jet of oxygen enriched air and
thrown against one or more surfaces to break the substance into controllable sized droplets which
are then applied to the patient

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is the necessary of heart lung machine?

Answer:
During open heart surgery for installation of a valve porsthesis or correction of a congential
malformation the heart cannot maintain the circulation. so it is necessary to provide extra- corporeal
circulation with a special machine called heart-lung machine

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is systole?

Answer:
systole is the period of contraction of the ventricular muscles during that time blood is pumped into
the pulmonary and the aorta
 Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is diastole?

Answer:
Diastole is the period of dilation of the heart chambers as they fill with blood

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
How x- rays are produced

Answer:
When the fast moving electron enters into the orbit of the anode material atom, its velocity is
continuously decreased due to scattering by the orbiting electrons. thus the loss of energy of that
incident electron appears in the form of continuous x- rays

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What are the components of diagnostic x- ray machine?

Answer:
It consist of power supply arrangement x-ray tube aluminum filters, collimator, bucky diaphragm
and lead shield

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is the need of aluminium filters in x- ray machine?

Answer:
It absorb lower x-ray frequencies and hence the intensity of low frequency x- rays incident on the
patient is reduced.

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Give the principal behind computer tomograph

Answer:
A new method of forming images from x- rays was developed & introduced is referred as computer
tomography By using multidirectional scanning of the object, multiple data are collected.

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What are the applications of computer tomograph?

Answer:
Applicable in brain scanning, injuries, oncology,orthopedics & bone tumors, thorax, abdomen and
pelvis, neck, radiotherapy planning

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What are the different artifacts produced during CT imaging?

Answer:
Computer artifacts(concentric ring artifacts, crazy artifacts, herring bone artifacts and striped
pattern artifacts)

Question:
What is PET?

Answer:
PET is abbreviated as positron emission tomography. it is very useful in studying regional blood
volume in transverse section of the human brain and with in the heart muscle

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What are the different types of PET & mention their half live time?

Answer:
Name Half live time
O- 15 2
N- 13 10
C - 11 20

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
what are the advantages of PET?

Answer:
High resolution
High quality images

Unit number: 4 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Define nuclear magnetic resonance signal
Answer:
The excited nuclear spins will slowly eturn to its equilibrium emitting a radio frequency signal
called nuclear magnetic resonance.

Unit number: 4 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
what is chemical shift?

Answer:
The relative change in the field strength depends on the electronic interaction with other atoms is
known as chemical shift.

Unit number: 4 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is Tetramethylsilane(TMS)?

Answer:
The accepted standard for proton and carbon NMR is called as Tetramethylsilane.

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is meant by ultrasonography?

Answer:
It is a technique by which ultrasonic energy is used to detect the state of the internal body organ

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Name the modes of ultrasonic display

Answer:
A- mode - amplitude modulation
B- mode - Brightness modulation
M- mode -(or) Time Motion Mode

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Define artifact

Answer:
there are artificial echoes which appear on the screen as factual echoes. it is classified into three
types
1. Those related to instrument problems
2. Artifacts due to improper operator technique
3. Unavoidable artifacts

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Mention diferent types of recording devices used in ultrasonic imaging system?

Answer:
1. The polaroid camera
2. 35 mm camera
3. multiformat camera
4. strip chart recorder
5. video printer
6. video recorder

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Name the parts in ultrasonic imaging instrumentation block diagram

Answer:
1. transducer
2. Receiver
3. signal processing
4. image storage
5. display

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is the limitation of UIS?

Answer:
Ultrasound cannot penetrate gas and bones due to the acoustic impedance mismatch at the soft
tissue- bonecon soft tissue- gas interface. hence bones lesions, lung lesion and intraluminal lesions
of the UI tract cannot be evaluated.

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is thermography?

Answer:
It is the process of recording true thermal images of the surfaces of objects under study

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What are the types of thermograph

Answer:
1. Infrared thermograph
2. Liquid crystal thermograph
3. Microwave thermograph

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What is the advantages of Microwave thermograph

Answer:
We can detect temperature change of 0.1K, of the skin

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Define thermography

Answer:
Skin temperature measurement is the thermograph. this device is an infrared thermometers
incorporated into a scanner so that the entire surface of a body, is scanned. it display images
representing the thermal radiation of skin areas

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
What are the types of thermography?

Answer:
infrared thermography
liquid crystal thermography
microwave thermography

Unit number: 1 Question Category: question bank Question type: 2 marks

Question:
Give the medical applications of thermo grapy

Answer:
tumours
inflammation
burns and perniones
orthopaedic diseases
skin grafts
brain, nervous, hormone diseases