Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The Skull
Goals for this activity:
Be able to identify all bones, features and muscles listed below
BONES OF SKULL
Occipital Zygomatic
Frontal Mandible
Parietal Maxillae
Sphenoid Nasal
Ethmoid Temporal
Lacrimal Palatine
Vomer
SUTURES OF SKULL
Lambdoid suture Sagittal suture
Coronal suture Squamousal suture
FORAMINA, FISSURES, CANALS OF SKULL (plural of foramen)
Supraorbital foramen Carotid canal
Optic foramen/canal (of the sphenoid bone) Jugular foramen
Superior orbital fissure Stylomastoid foramen
Inferior orbital fissure Internal auditory meatus
Infraorbital foramen Hypoglossal canal
Mandibular foramen (of the mandible) Olfactory foramina
Mental foramen (of the mandible) External auditory meatus (of the temporal bone)
Foramen rotundum Foramen magnum (of the occipital bone)
Foramen ovale
SINUSES OF SKULL
Maxillary Sphenoid
Frontal Ethmoid
PROCESSES AND OTHER PARTS OF BONES
Temporal process (of the zygomatic bone) Pterygoid process (of the sphenoid bone)
Zygomatic process (of the temporal bone) Occipital condyle (of the occipital bone)
Styloid process (of the temporal bone) Mandibular fossa
Mastoid process (of the temporal bone) Zygomatic arch
External occipital protuberance (of the occipital Petrous portion (of the temporal bone)
bone) Angle (of the mandible)
Sella turcica (of the sphenoid bone) Body (of the mandible)
Cribriform plate (of the ethmoid bone) Ramus (of the mandible)
Crista galli (of the ethmoid bone) Condylar process (of the mandible)
Perpendicular plate (of the ethmoid bone) Coronoid process (of the mandible)
Palatine process (of the maxillae bone)
A SUGGESTION: This list is not necessarily very well organized. Maybe it would make more sense to find all the
foramina, openings and processes that go with each bone? Make yourself a new list organized that way. Better yet, try
to draw each bone, or views of the skull that show all those features, even if they are very schematic…as long as it
makes sense to you.
Vertebral Column and Bony Thorax
VERTEBRAE AND RIBS
Regions of Vertebral Column
Cervical
Atlas
Axis
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Be able to recognize vertebrae from each region
PARTS OF VERTEBRA
Body
Arch
Transverse Process
Spinous Process
Vertebral Foramen
Transverse Foramen
Articular Facets—superior and inferior (form joints between vertebrae)
Intervertebral foramen (where spinal nerves emerge)
Intevertebral Disk—annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus
RIBS AND ARTICULATION WITH VERTEBRAE
Body of rib
Head of rib
Tubercle of rib
Subcostal groove (where spinal nerve runs)
Costal facet (on transverse process of thoracic vertebrae for articulation with tubercle of rib)
Costal demifacets (on body of thoracic vertebrae for articulation with head of rib)
Muscles of the Head, Neck and Trunk
Muscles of Facial Expression
Occipitofrontalis
Orbicularis oculii
Orbicularis oris
Buccinators
Zygomaticus
Depressor labii inferioris
Muscles of Mastication
Masseter
Temporalis
Muscles of the Neck
Platysma
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscles of Respiration
Inspiration
o External intercostals
o Diaphragm
o Scalenes
Expiration
o Internal intercostals
o Relaxation of diaphragm
Muscles of the Trunk: Abdominals
Rectus Abdominis
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominis
Muscles of the Vertebral Column: Posterior
Erector spinae muscles
Muscles of the Trunk: Anterior
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Serratus Anterior
Muscles of the Trunk: Posterior
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres major
Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid (major & minor)