GEOMETRY (3RD YEAR HIGH SCHOOL)

A. Geometry of Shape and Size

1. Undefined Terms
1.1. Describe the ideas of point, line, and plane
1.2. Define, identify, and name the subsets of a line
• Segment
• Ray
2. Angles
2.1. Illustrate, name, identify and define an angle
2.2. Name and identify the parts of an angle
2.3. Read or determine the measure of an angle using a protractor
2.4. Illustrate, name, identify and define different kinds of angles
• Acute
• Right
• Obtuse
3. Polygons
3.1. Illustrate, identify, and define different kinds of polygons according to the number of sides
• Illustrate and identify convex and non-convex polygons
• Identify the parts of a regular polygon (vertex angle, central angle, exterior angle)
3.2. Illustrate, name and identify a triangle and its basic and secondary parts (e.g., vertices, sides, angles,
median, angle bisector, altitude)
3.3. Illustrate, name and identify different kinds of triangles and their parts (e.g., legs, base, hypotenuse)
• classify triangles according to their angles and according to their sides
3.4. Illustrate, name and define a quadrilateral and its parts
3.5. Illustrate, name and identify the different kinds of quadrilaterals
3.6. Determine the sum of the measures of the interior and exterior angles of a polygon
• Sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is 180
• Sum of the measures of the exterior angles of a quadrilateral is 360
• Sum of the measures of the interior angles of a quadrilateral is (n – 2)180
4. Circle
4.1. Define a circle
4.2. Illustrate, name, identify, and define the terms related to the circle (radius, diameter and chord)
5. Measurements
5.1. Identify the following common solids and their parts: cone, pyramid, sphere, cylinder, rectangular prism)
5.2. state and apply the formulas for the measurements of plane and solid figures
• Perimeter of a triangle, square, and rectangle
• Circumference of a circle
• Area of a triangle, square, parallelogram, trapezoid, and circle
• Surface area of a cube, rectangular prism, square pyramid, cylinder, cone, and a sphere
• Volume of a rectangular prism, triangular prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone, and a sphere
5.3. Solve problems involving plane and solid figures

B. Geometric Relations
1. Relations involving Segments and Angles
1.1. Illustrate and define betweeness and collinearity of points
1.2. Illustrate, identify and define congruent segments
1.3. Illustrate, identify and define the midpoint of a segment
1.4. Illustrate, identify and define the bisector of an angle
1.5. Illustrate, identify and define the different kinds of angle pairs
• Supplementary
• Complementary
• Congruent
• Adjacent
• Linear pair
• Vertical angles
1.6. Illustrate, identify and define perpendicularity
1.7. Illustrate and identify the perpendicular bisector of a segment
2. Angles and Sides of a Triangle
2.1. Derive/apply relationships among the sides and angles of a triangle
• Exterior and corresponding remote interior angles of a triangle
• Triangle inequality
3. Angles formed by Parallel Lines cut by a Transversal
3.1. Illustrate and define Parallel Lines
3.2. Illustrate and define a Transversal
3.3. Identify the angles formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal
3.4. Determine the relationship between pairs of angles formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal
• Alternate interior angles
• Alternate exterior angles
• Corresponding angles
• Angles on the same side of the transversal
4. Problem Solving involving the Relationships between Segments and between Angles
4.1. Solve problems using the definitions and properties involving relationships between segments and
between angles
C. Triangle Congruence
1. Conditions for Triangle Congruence
1.1. Define and illustrate congruent triangles
1.2. State and apply the Properties of Congruence
• Reflexive Property
• Symmetric Property
• Transitive Property
1.3. Use inductive skills to establish the conditions or correspondence sufficient to guarantee congruence
between triangles
1.4. Apply deductive skills to show congruence between triangles
• SSS Congruence
• SAS Congruence
• ASA Congruence
• SAA Congruence
2. Applying the Conditions for Triangle Congruence
2.1. Prove congruence and inequality properties in an isosceles triangle using the congruence conditions in 1.3
• Congruent sides in a triangle imply that the angles opposite them are congruent
• Congruent angles in a triangle imply that the sides opposite them are congruent
• Non-congruent sides in a triangle imply that the angles opposite them are not congruent
• Non-congruent angles in a triangle imply that the sides opposite them are not congruent
2.2. Use the definition of congruent triangles and the conditions for triangle congruence to prove congruent
segments and congruent angles between two triangles
2.3. Solve routine and non-routine problems

Enrichment
Apply inductive and deductive skills to derive other conditions for congruence between two right triangles
• LL Congruence
• LA Congruence
• HyL Congruence
• HyA Congruence

D. Properties of Quadrilaterals
1. Different type of Quadrilaterals and their Properties
1.1. Recall previous knowledge on the different kinds of quadrilaterals and their properties (square, rectangle,
rhombus, trapezoid, parallelogram)
1.2. Apply inductive and deductive skills to derive certain properties of the trapezoid
• Median of a trapezoid
• Base angles and diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid
1.3. Apply inductive and deductive skills to derive the properties of a parallelogram
• Each diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles
• Opposite angles are congruent
• Non-opposite angles are supplementary
• Opposite sides are congruent
• Diagonals bisect each other
1.4. Apply inductive and deductive skills to derive the properties of the diagonals of special quadrilaterals
• Diagonals of a rectangle
• Diagonals of a square
• Diagonals of a rhombus
2. Conditions that guarantee that a Quadrilateral is a Parallelogram
2.1. Verify sets of sufficient conditions which guarantee that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram
2.2. Apply the conditions to prove that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram
2.3. Apply the properties of quadrilaterals and the conditions for a parallelogram to solve problems
Enrichment
Apply inductive and deductive skills to discover certain properties of the Kite
E. Similarity
1. Ratio and Proportion
1.1. State and apply the definition of a ratio
1.2. Define a proportion and identify its parts
1.3. State and apply the fundamental law of proportion
• Product of the means is equal to the product of the extremes
1.4. Define and identify proportional segments
1.5. Apply the definition of proportional segments to find unknown lengths
2. Proportionality Theorems
2.1. State and verify the Basic Proportionality Theorem and its Converse
3. Similarity between Triangles
3.1. Define similar figures
3.2. Define similar polygons
3.3. Define similar triangles
3.4. Apply the definition of similar triangles
• Determining if two triangles are similar
• Finding the length of a side or measure of an angle of a triangle
3.5. State and verify the Similarity Theorems
3.6. Apply the properties of similar triangles and the proportionality theorems to calculate lengths of certain
line segments, and to arrive at other properties
 4. Similarities in a Right Triangle
4.1. Apply the AA Similarity Theorem to determine similarities in a right triangle
• In a right triangle the altitude to the hypotenuse divides it into two right triangles which are similar to
each other and to the given right triangle
4.2. Derive the relationships between the sides of an isosceles triangle and between the sides of a 30-60-90
triangle using the Pythagorean Theorem

Enrichment
State and verify consequences of the Basic Proportionality Theorem
• Parallel lines cut by two or more transversals make proportional segments
• Bisector of an angle of a triangle separates the opposite side into segments whose lengths are
proportional to the lengths of the other 2 sides
State, verify, and apply the ratio between the perimeters and areas of similar triangle
Apply the definition of similar triangles to derive the Pythagorean Theorem
• If a triangle is a right triangle, then the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of
the legs
5. Word Problems involving Similarity
5.1. Apply knowledge and skills related to similar triangles to word problems
F. Circles
1. The circle
1.1. Recall the definition of a circle and the terms related to it
• Radius
• Diameter
• Chord
• Secant
• Tangent
• Interior and exterior
2. Arcs and Angles
2.1. Define and identify a central angle
2.2. Define and identify a minor and major arc of a circle
2.3. Determine the degree measure of an arc of a circle
2.4. Define and identify an inscribed angle
2.5. Determine the measure of an inscribed angle
3. Tangent Lines and Tangent Circles
3.1. State and apply the properties of a line tangent to a circle
• If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of tangency
• If two segments from the same exterior point are tangent to a circle, then the two segments are
congruent
4. Angles formed by Tangent and Secant Lines
4.1. Determine the measure of the angle formed by the following:
• Two tangent lines
• A tangent line and a secant line
• Two secant lines

Enrichment
Illustrate and identify externally and internally tangent circles
Illustrate and identify a common internal tangent or a common external tangent
Geometric Constructions
• Duplicate or copy a segment
• Duplicate or copy an angle
• Construct the perpendicular bisector and the midpoint of a segment
Derive the Perpendicular Bisector Theorem
• Construct the perpendicular to a line
From a point on the line
From a point not on the line
• Construct the bisector of an angle
• Construct parallel lines
• Perform construction exercises using the constructions in 4.1 to 4.6
•Use construction to derive some other geometric properties (e.g., shortest distance from an external
point to a line, points on the angle bisector are equidistant from the sides of the angle)
G. Plane Coordinate Geometry
1. Review of the Cartesian Coordinate System, Linear Equations and Systems of Linear Equations in 2 Variables
1.1. Name the parts of a Cartesian Plane
1.2. Represent ordered pairs on the Cartesian Plane and denote points on the Cartesian Plane
1.3. Define the slope of a line and compute for the slope given the graph of a line
1.4. Define a Linear Equation
1.5. Define the y-intercept
1.6. Derive the equation of a line given two points of the line
1.7. Determine algebraically the point of intersection of two lines
1.8. State and apply the definitions of Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
2. Coordinate Geometry
2.1. Derive and state the Distance Formula using the Pythagorean Theorem
2.2. Derive and state the Midpoint Formula
 2.3. Apply the Distance and Midpoint Formulas to find or verify the lengths of segments and find unknown
vertices or points
2.4. Verify properties of triangles and quadrilaterals using coordinate proof
3. Circles in the Coordinate Plane
3.1. Derive/state the standard form of the equation of a circle with radius r and center at (0,0) and at (h,k)
3.2. Given the equation of a circle, find its center and radius
3.3. Determine the equation of a circle given:
• Its center and radius
• Its radius and the point of tangency with a given line
3.4. Solve routine and non-routine problems involving circles