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CSIR NET JRF (Paper—II)

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Questions for CSIR NET JRF (Paper—II)

1. Compare & contrast: a sodium atom & a sodium ion; a double bond & a

triple bond ; an atom of weak & strong electro negativity ; the electron

distribution around an oxygen atom to another oxygen atom & an oxygen

atom bound to two H-atoms.

2. Why do polar molecules dissolve so readily in water? Why don’t fat droplets

dissolve in water? What is the concept behind formation of fat droplets in water?

3. What do you understand by catenation? Which atom shows catenation? What

properties of carbon atom are critical to life? Which compound makes the bulk

of a living organism?

4. If you were to add Hcl to water, what effect would this have on the hydrogen ion

concentration? On the pH? On the ionic charge of any protein in solution? What is

the relationship between a conjugate acid & its base?

5. What is meant by protein domains & motifs ? How protein folding takes

place? Where protein folding takes place? Why some proteins are found as

quaternary structure?

6. How are the properties of an alpha helix different from a beta strand? How are

they similar? How do each of these secondary structure affect the properties of

a protein, such as silk?

7. Name two nonpolar amno acids. Sickle cell anaemia results from a substitution of

North Campus: 2274, Hudson Line, Behind Khalsa College (DU), Kingsway Camp, Delhi -110 009
South Campus: 28-A/11A, 1st Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi -110 016
Contact Number: 9350232207, 9891602060
a valine for a glutamate. What do you expect the effect might be if mutation were

to have laced a leucine at that site? Or an aspartate?

8. Match the following:

Group—A Group—B

a) RNA polymerase i) NADPH formation

b) Lipids ii) DNA polymerase-I

c) Sucrose iii)Reducing sugar

d) Klenow fragment iv) A biomolecule

e) DNA replication v) RNA synthesis

f) Okazaki fragments vi)rDNA

g) Nucleoli vii) DNA polymerase-III

h) TCA cycle viii) DNA ligase

i) Light dependent reaction ix) British Biochemist

x) Fatty acids + Glucose

xi) Nucleus

xii) A protein

9. Which of the two photosystems operates at the most negative redox potential?

Which among them generates the strongest reducing agent? Which among them

must absorb 4 photons during each round of non cyclic photophosphorylation?

Name some accessory pigments that surround each photosystem?

10. Of the following substances PQH2, reduced cytochrome b6, reduced feredoxin,

NADP+, NADPH, O2, H2O, Tyrz+, Which is the strongest reducing agent? Which is

the strongest oxidising agent? Which has the strongest affinity for electrons? Which

has the most energetic electron?

11. In photosynthesis, the capture of light results in the release & subsequent

release & transfer of electrons. What is the reaction behind the process of

North Campus: 2274, Hudson Line, Behind Khalsa College (DU), Kingsway Camp, Delhi -110 009
South Campus: 28-A/11A, 1st Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi -110 016
Contact Number: 9350232207, 9891602060
photosynthesis? From what molecules are the electrons eventually derived? In

what molecules do these electrons eventually reside?

12. What is tight junction? How does the structure of tight junction contribute to

its function? What does freeze fracture analysis tell you about the structure of

a junction that can’t be learned by the examination of stained tissue sections?

13. Describe the components that make up a plant cell wall & the role of each in

the wall’s structure & function. Distinguish between cellulose & hemicellulose, a

cellulose molecule & a myofibril, a pprimary cell wall & a secondary cell wall.

14. In which part of a cell would you expect the following compounds to be first

incorporated : 3H leucine , 3H sialic acid, 3H mannose, 3H choline, 3H glucuronic

acid,3H pregnenolone, 3H rhamnose.

15. Draw a schematic diagram of microtubule. What is myosin & kinesin? Some

members of kinesin family contain only a single heavy chain. How would you expect

their activity in an in vitro motility assay to differ from that of kinesin itself?

16. Describe the difference between a primary transcript, a transcription unit, a

mature mRNA & a processing intermediate.

17. Compare the organisation of the genes that code for the large rRNA, 5S RNA,

& tRNA within the invertebrate genome. What is the relationship between hnRNA &

mRNA?

18. What are Barr bodies? Who gave the concept of Barr bodies? How many Barr

bodies would you expect in a female with 3 X chromosome? Why?

19. What is cDNA library? How it is different from a genomic DNA library? What

is the significance of cDNA library over genomic library?

North Campus: 2274, Hudson Line, Behind Khalsa College (DU), Kingsway Camp, Delhi -110 009
South Campus: 28-A/11A, 1st Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi -110 016
Contact Number: 9350232207, 9891602060
20. Suppose that Messelson & stahl had carried out their experiment by growing

cells in medium with 14-N & then transferred the cells to medium containing

15-N. How would the bands within the centrifuge tubes have appeared if

replication were semiconservative? If replication were conservative? If replication

weredispersive?

21. What is autoradiography? Describe how the use of 3-H thymidine &

autoradiography can be used to determine the length of the various periods of the

cell cycle.

22. What is the effect of fusing a cell in G1 with one in S; of fusing a G1 phase

cell with one in M; of fusing a G2 or s phase cell with one in M?

23. Describe the events that occur in a cell during prometaphaase & during

anaphase. How do the events of mitotic prophase prepare the chromatids for

later separation at anaphase?

24. Constrast the overall roles of mitosis & meiosis in the lives of a plant or

animal. How do the nuclei formed by these two processes differ from one

another?

25. What is crossing over? Describe Holliday model of crossing over? Is this a

type of recombination? How?

26. How was it demonstrated that genetic recombination took place by a breakage

& reunion mechanism? In which phase of cell cycle does this happen? What

are the other events that take place during this phase?

27. How the Ca2+ concentration of a cell is is maintained? What is the role of

North Campus: 2274, Hudson Line, Behind Khalsa College (DU), Kingsway Camp, Delhi -110 009
South Campus: 28-A/11A, 1st Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi -110 016
Contact Number: 9350232207, 9891602060
calcium binding protein in eliciting a response? Why the concentration of

signal molecule changes during signalling?

28. Ca2+ , IP3, & cAMP have all been described as secondary messangers. In

what ways are their mechanism of action similar or different? Suggest some

primary messangers that transfers their signal to secondary messangers.

29. Describe the two forms of diabetes & the causes of its occurrence. Suggest 3

molecular abnormalities that results in increase in sugar level in blood & urine

of an individual.

30. What do you understand by programmed cell death? Why certain cells have

longer half life than others? What all molecules are involved in this

event?

31. Which type of analytical techniques were used to conclude the structure of DNA?

Make a list of the various forms of DNA? Which form of DNA is mostly found in

humid conditions? Why?

32. Emphasize on the composition of plasma membrane. Which component of

plasma membrane gives flexibility to the membrane? Why some proteins

reside inside the membrane while others remain as extrinsic protein?

33. How can one determine a)membrane sidedness; b) the location of

transmembrane segment in the amino acid sequence; c) the relative location of

transmembrane segment, d) diversity of integral protein that reside in purified

membrane fraction?

34. what is active transport? Make a list of the active transport going inside a

living cell. Is always an endergonic reaction coupled with an exergonic

North Campus: 2274, Hudson Line, Behind Khalsa College (DU), Kingsway Camp, Delhi -110 009
South Campus: 28-A/11A, 1st Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi -110 016
Contact Number: 9350232207, 9891602060
reaction? What we call the proteins that carry out active transport?

35. many different types of cells possess receptors that bind steroid hormones.

Where in the cell do you think these receptors might reside? Name a hormone

that regulates blood glucose level. Where in the cell the insulin receptor should

reside & why?

36. Describe the major structural 7 biochemical differences between C3 & C4

Plants. How do these differences affect the ability of these plants to grow in

hot & dry climates?

37. Describe the basic plan of TCA cycle, indicating the reactions that require

energy input. Why it is called as a cycle? Why does energy has to be expended

in this pathway? What are the eventual products of this pathway?

38. What is the relationship between the energy content of a photon & wavelength

of light? How does the wavelength of light determine whether or not it will

stimulate photosynthesis? What is the role of accessory pigments in photosynthesis?

39. What are cyclic & non cyclic photophosphorylation? Who discovered the

cyclic potophosphorylation? Why they are so called? DO the two pathways

join or not? Why?

40. Why are catabolic pathways described as convergent and anabolic pathways as

divergent? Compare the energy obtained by a cell that oxidises glucose

anaerobically or aerobically.

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North Campus: 2274, Hudson Line, Behind Khalsa College (DU), Kingsway Camp, Delhi -110 009
South Campus: 28-A/11A, 1st Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi -110 016
Contact Number: 9350232207, 9891602060