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for making any electrical n/w and ckt we use some basic elements like resistor,
capacitor and inductor and some any other elements. if the excitation is dc then the n/w is called
dc n/w.
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ans- n/w consists of active and passive elements may be posibility both are not use
together.
ckt consists of active and passive elements and have a closed loop which is compalsary.
ans- active elements are those elements which gives energy to the n/w and ckt.ex-v/g and
current source.
passive elements are those elements which takes energy from active elements and store it
in another form of energy or dessipates energy.
1.all electrical ckt are called electrical n/w but all electrical n/w are not called
electrical ckt.
2.resistor is known as energy dessipative element and energy sroring elements are
capacitor and inductor.capacitor stores energy in the form of electrostatic energy
p=i*i*r
u=1/2*c*v*v
E=1/2*l*i*i
*what is current?
ans-it can be produced by the movement of electrical charge.or it is defined as the rate of
change of charge w.r.t. time.
note-
*what is voltage?
ans-the voltage or potential diff. btwn two points is defined as the work to be done in
joules to move one coulomb charge from one pt. to another pt.
v=I *r (volt)
*what is power?
ans-power of dc ckt is equal to the product of dc voltage and total current flow in the
ckt.or transfer of energy w.r.t. time.
p(dc)=v*i (watt)
e=p*t (watt-hour)
ans-any electrical ckt is called to be an open ckt if there is no flow of current btwn any
two pts. Of ckt. open ckt have very high resistance. the power in open electrical ckt is 0.
ans-any electrical ckt is said to be a short ckt when the flow of current is very high.in
that case r=very small(not zero).
ans-those elements which have linear v-i characterstics.and the n/w made by linear
element is called linear n/w. (ex-r,l,c)
*what is non linear elements?
ans-those elements which have non linear v-i characterstics.and the n/w made by the
non linear element is called non linear n/w. (ex-diode,trasmitter,op-amp)
ans-if the relation btwn v and i remains constt. or does not change by changing the
polarities of the ckt are called bilateral elements.(ex-r,l,c)
topic-conceot of linearity
*we have alreadyknow that linearn/w is the n/w the chara. of which do not change
with change of v/g and current.
*if the n/w chara change with change in time,temp or any other parameter then it will
be called as non linear n/w.
*a constt. proportionality(resistor)
*a differential relationship(capacitor)
*a integral relationship(inductor)
* r as a linear element-
1-v=i*r
* c as a linear element-
1-q=c*v
or i=c*dv/dt
E=1/2*c*v*v
*l as a linear element-
1-v=l*di/dt
E=1/2*l*i*i