HITEC UNIVERSITY TAXILA

Department of Electrical
Engineering

Subject: Electrical machines

PROJECT PROPOSAL

Lecturer:
Engr. Sohail khan

LAB Instructor:
Engr. Abdul Ahitisam

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TABLE OF CONTENTS:
 Project name.
 Group members.
 Introduction.
 How does a Voltage Stabilizer Work
 Circuit diagram.
 Description.
 List of components.

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PROJECT NAME:
We decided to make an ac automatic voltage stabilizer

GROUP MEMBERS:
ZEESHAN MOHSIN (EE-150).

ZEESHAN KHAN (EE-151).

M.BILAL AWAIS (EE-68 ).

ZAEEM MEHMOD (EE-1 ).

QASIM ALI (EE-112).

Introduction:
There are huge varieties of voltage stabilizers available in the market, and surely it's not a
big deal to procure one, according to the needs. But off course it can be very amusing to
build one at home all by you and see it actually working. here circuit of an Automatic Voltage
Stabilizer (AVS) is well described which is in fact very simple in design, reasonably precise
and will give a good protection to the electronic devices that is connected to it. It will
particularly guard them against the dangerous high voltages and also from the possible
brownouts (low voltages).The output will stay in the range of 200VAC – 255VAC with an
input voltage of 175VAC – 280VAC.

How does a Voltage Stabilizer Work?

The circuit of a voltage stabilizer basically consists of a voltage sensor. It is configured to
detect the rise or fall of the AC mains voltage to dangerous levels. As soon it senses a risky
input voltage, it immediately energizes the relays connected to it. These relays in turn swaps
and switches the appropriate winding terminals of the auto transformer to correct and
stabilize the output voltage. Thus the appliance which is connected to the output of the
voltage stabilizer circuit always receives a safe, tolerable voltage and is able to function
reliably, irrespective of the fluctuating input voltages.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Circuit DESCRIPTION:
The voltage from smaller transformer is rectified by D1 and filtered by C1 to produce the
required operating power for the control circuit comprising of transistor T1, preset P1, zener
diode Z1 and the DPDT relay.

The above voltage is also used as the basic reference or the sensing voltage. Because this
voltage will vary proportionately with the applied input voltage variations.

For example, if normally the operating DC voltage is around 12 volts, an increase or

decrease of the input AC mains voltage by say 25 volts would proportionately increase or
decrease the DC volts to 14 or 10 volts respectively.

Preset P1 is set such that the transistor conducts and operates the relay whenever the input
AC mains tends to deviate above the exact normal voltage (110 or 225 volts) and vice
versa.

If the input voltage crosses the above limit, T1 conducts and activates the relay. The relay
contacts connect the relevant connections of the power stabilizer transformer to deduct 25
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volts from the input i.e. bring the output to about 205 volts. From here on if the mains
voltage keeps on increasing, the ouput to the appliances will be 25 volts below it. It means,
even if the voltage reaches as high as 260 V, the output will reach only up to260 - 25 = 235
volts.

Exactly opposite will happen in case the input AC drops below the normal level, i.e. in this
case 25 volts will be added to the output, and even if the input keeps on dropping and
reaches 180 volts, the output will reach only up to 180 + 25 = 205 volts.

The present design is very simple and basic, therefore the stabilization cannot be very
precise. But certainly it will keep the output within 200 and 250 volts against input extreme
voltages of 180 to 275 volts (or within 100 and 125 against 90 and 130 volts).

Parts Required
We l require the following parts for the circuit:

 Resistor ¼ watt, CFR R1 = 2 K 7,

 Preset P1 = 10 K Linear,

 Transistor T1 = BC 547,

 Zener diode Z1 = 3 V / 400 mW,

 Diode D1, D2 = 1N4007,

 Capacitor = 220uF / 25 V

 Relay RL1 = 12 V / DPDT mini (double pole, double throw),

 Transformer T1 = 12 – 0 – 12 V / 5 amps. T2 = 0 – 12 volts / 500 mA (input as per

country specifications)

 General purpose board = 3” by 3”

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