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FABRICAÇÃO DE CIMENTO
Etapas: extração das matérias-primas, Fabricação do cru, Moagem de cimento e
expedição, armazenamento dos sacos de cimento.
Fabricação do cimento
Por isso, o cimento deve ser estocado em local seco, coberto e fechado de modo a
protegê-lo da chuva, bem como afastado do chão, do piso e das paredes externas ou
úmidas, longe de tanques, torneiras e encanamentos, ou pelo menos separados deles.
Enfim, observa-se que é fundamental a estocagem correta, pois não apenas há o risco
de perder-se parte do cimento, como também acaba-se reduzindo a resistência final do
cimento que não chegou a estragar.
Although one of the oldest building materials, the cement manufacturing process is a
combination of traditional formulas and high tech equipment to produce this material
used in building houses, hospitals and schools around the world.
Extraction of limestone to the delivery of final product, see all stages of manufacture of
cement:
A small amount of gypsum (3-5%) is added to the clinker to regulate how the cement
hardens (takes time). The mixture is then finely ground to obtain the "pure cement.
“During this phase, different mineral materials, called "items" can be added as limestone,
blast furnace slag and others. Used in varying proportions, these additions, which can be
natural or industrial by-products, cement give the specific properties such as reducing
imperviousness, resistance to sulfates and harsh environments, better performance and
finish.
Finally, cement is stored in silos before being sent in bulk or in bags to the point of
consumption.
How should they be stored bags of cement?
The cement is a perishable product, so you need to pay attention to the care needed for
their conservation, as long as possible, warehouse or construction site.
The cement is packed in Kraft paper bags of multiple sheets. This is a package used
worldwide to protect the cement from moisture and handling in transportation at the
lowest price to the consumer. In addition, the paper bag is the only one that allows the
filling material still quite heated at Automatic Bagging essential to the care of the
production flow (unlike other types of packaging have been tested, such as plastic). But
the little paper bag protects the cement contained within the direct action of water.
If the cement comes into contact with water in storage, it will pave or harden ahead of
time, preventing their use on site or factory precast concrete and artifacts.
Water is the main backer of the time of preparing cement mortars and concretes. But is
his greatest enemy before that. Therefore, we must avoid at all costs the cement stored
contact with water. The water comes not only from rain, from a tap or a punctured pipe,
is also in the form of moisture in the air, on land,
on the floor and walls.
Therefore, the cement should be stored in a dry,
covered and closed so as to protect it from rain
and off the floor, the floor and exterior walls or
damp, far from tanks, pipes and taps, or at
least separate them.
It is recommended to start the pile of cement on
a wooden platform mounted at least 30 cm from
the ground or floor and do not form piles larger
than 10 bags, the cement is to be stored for
more than fifteen days. The higher the pile, the
greater weight on the first bags of the
stack. This causes the grains to be compressed
so that the cement contained in these bags is almost hardened, being necessary to fluff
it up again, before use, which may eventually lead to disruption of the bag and the loss of
much of the material. The recommended battery of 10 bags also facilitates the count at
the time of delivery and stock control.
We recommend using the first cement stored for longer, leaving you finally get to the
end, what prevents a lot be stored for too long, because the cement, well stocked, it is
proper to use for three months in maximum from the date of manufacture.
The manufacture of cement is processed quickly. The portland cement clinker exits the
kiln at about 80 ° C, going directly to the milling, bagging and dispatch to, and therefore
can get to work or storage temperature of 60 ° C. It is not recommended to use the hot
cement, as this may affect the workability of mortar or concrete made with it. You should
let it rest until it reaches room temperature, and for this it is recommended to store it in
smaller cells, 5 sacks, leaving a space between them to facilitate the movement of air,
which causes them to cool down faster.
In cold climates the temperature can be so low that will cause a slowing of early picks.
To prevent this from occurring, you may want to stock the cement in places protected
from temperatures below 12 °C.
All care is taken in proper storage of concrete to lengthen its useful life to the fullest, yet
few bags of cement can be damaged. Sometimes the metalling is only superficial. If these
bags are fallen on a hard surface to soften and return, or if you can crumble the clods
contained therein between the fingers, the bags of cement still provide for normal
use. Otherwise, you can still try to enjoy part of the cement, sifting it. The powder
passing through a sieve with 5 mm mesh (sieve beans) can be used for lower liability,
such as floors, counter floors and sidewalks, but should not be used in structural parts,
since its strength was compromised, part because it had already compromised its
strength.
Anyway, it was observed that proper storage is critical, because not only is there the risk
of losing part of the cement, but also ends up reducing the final strength of the cement
which did not spoil.
Source: Website of the ABCP